review_id stringlengths 8 8 | pmid list | title list | abstract list | target stringlengths 56 2.23k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD006345 | [
"10491060"
] | [
"Clinical benefits of lightweight compression: reduction of venous-related symptoms by ready-to-wear lightweight gradient compression hosiery."
] | [
"Medical-grade compression of class I (20-30 mmHg) and class II (30-40 mmHg) have been shown to be beneficial against venous hypertension or congestion. Relatively few studies address the effects of ready-to-wear (RTW) lightweight gradient compression pantyhose on venous symptoms.\n To perform a stud... | Due to the extremely limited number of trials, there is insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for preventing CVI in standing workers. Further large-scale studies examining all possible non-pharmacological interventions and outcomes are required. |
CD008781 | [
"10406359",
"8956924",
"16227648",
"7575227",
"10328256"
] | [
"Safety and efficacy of vigabatrin and carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy: a multicentre randomised double-blind study. Vigabatrin European Monotherapy Study Group.",
"Vigabatrin vs. carbamazepine monotherapy in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy: a randomized response conditional cross-over study.",
"A comp... | [
"Vigabatrin is a newly licensed drug for use in patients with epilepsy. We investigated whether this drug was comparable to standard first-line monotherapy in efficacy and incidence of adverse events.\n We enrolled 459 patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated partial epileptic seizures fro... | There is currently insufficient data to address the risk-benefit balance of using VGB versus CBZ monotherapy for epilepsy. Considering the high prevalence of visual field defects, reported in an existing systematic review of observational studies (Maguire 2010), the prescribing of VGB monotherapy for epilepsy should be... |
CD003620 | [
"9566830",
"2707520",
"353464",
"9126802",
"12416659",
"2671116",
"1343377",
"6753109",
"2574842",
"11841050",
"8225695",
"1983711"
] | [
"Effects of silymarin in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis of the liver: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized and multicenter trial.",
"[Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis with silymarin. A double-blind comparative study in 116 patients].",
"[Results of a double blind study on the effect of silymarin... | [
"Silymarin has protective effects in different experimental conditions, but its efficacy in human liver cirrhosis has not been completely established. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effect of silymarin in alcoholics with liver cirrhosis with respect to survival and clinical and laboratory ch... | Our results question the beneficial effects of milk thistle for patients with alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases and highlight the lack of high-quality evidence to support this intervention. Adequately conducted and reported randomised clinical trials on milk thistle versus placebo are needed. |
CD003928 | [
"9820259",
"15280133",
"20168104",
"15924530",
"17265548"
] | [
"Moxibustion for correction of breech presentation: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Acupuncture plus moxibustion to resolve breech presentation: a randomized controlled study.",
"Moxibustion for breech version: a randomized controlled trial.",
"A randomised controlled trial of moxibustion for breech present... | [
"Traditional Chinese medicine uses moxibustion (burning herbs to stimulate acupuncture points) of acupoint BL 67 (Zhiyin, located beside the outer corner of the fifth toenail), to promote version of fetuses in breech presentation. Its effect may be through increasing fetal activity. However, no randomized controlle... | This review found limited evidence to support the use of moxibustion for correcting breech presentation. There is some evidence to suggest that the use of moxibustion may reduce the need for oxytocin. When combined with acupuncture, moxibustion may result in fewer births by caesarean section; and when combined with pos... |
CD001792 | [
"1599892",
"22527786",
"8398955",
"22145255",
"20613476",
"15721731",
"3826597",
"18547293"
] | [
"Effect of subarachnoid morphine on the incidence of spinal headache.",
"Effect of dexamethasone on the frequency of postdural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.",
"PDPH in obstetric anesthesia: comparison of 24-gauge Sprotte and 25-gauge Qu... | [
"The addition of fentanyl to hyperbaric local anesthetics has been shown to reduce the incidence of post dural puncture headache in the obstetric patient. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of subarachnoid morphine on the incidence of headache.\n Eighty-two healthy patients undergoing ... | Morphine and cosyntropin have shown effectiveness for reducing the number of participants affected by PDPH of any severity after a lumbar puncture, when compared to placebo, especially in patients with high risk of PDPH, such as obstetric patients who have had an inadvertent dural puncture. Aminophylline also reduced t... |
CD002025 | [
"16367987",
"12410780",
"7734458",
"9313020",
"7851278",
"15607843",
"20575820",
"8257551",
"7851281",
"3275523",
"16118380",
"16042639",
"16524668",
"12237786",
"17315409",
"15223097",
"12633912",
"16203961"
] | [
"A comparison of buprenorphine and lofexidine for community opiate detoxification: results from a randomized controlled trial.",
"A randomized controlled trial of buprenorphine in the management of short-term ambulatory heroin withdrawal.",
"A preliminary investigation of outcome following gradual or rapid bupr... | [
"To investigate whether a buprenorphine opiate detoxification regimen can be considered to be at least as clinically effective as a lofexidine regimen.\n An open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT) using a non-inferiority approach. Non-inferiority is demonstrated if, within a 95% confidence inter... | Buprenorphine is more effective than clonidine or lofexidine for the management of opioid withdrawal. Buprenorphine may offer some advantages over methadone, at least in inpatient settings, in terms of quicker resolution of withdrawal symptoms and possibly slightly higher rates of completion of withdrawal. |
CD002804 | [
"10811675"
] | [
"Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus best supportive care in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy."
] | [
"To evaluate whether treatment with single-agent docetaxel would result in longer survival than would best supportive care in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who had previously been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Secondary end points included assessment of response (docetaxel arm only), toxicity... | Definitive recommendations cannot be made since evidence is only available from one randomised controlled trial which, though of reasonable quality had a number of limitations. There is currently no evidence to support second-line treatment of patients with poor performance status. Larger, well-designed controlled tria... |
CD008879 | [
"3148039",
"10978851",
"21699587",
"6119492",
"9661120",
"15286958",
"12464864",
"16839996",
"11822956",
"19629583",
"12055582"
] | [
"Improvement of nutritional measures during preoperative parenteral nutrition in patients selected by the prognostic nutritional index: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Oral dietary supplements in pre- and postoperative surgical patients: a prospective and randomized clinical trial.",
"An unblinded randomised ... | [
"Patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery who had a prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score of greater than 30% were randomized to receive a preoperative course of 10 days of intravenous nutrition or to undergo surgery at the next convenient operation list. Two groups of 17 patients were well matched for... | There have been significant benefits demonstrated with pre-operative administration of IE nutrition in some high quality trials. However, bias was identified which may limit the generalizability of these results to all GI surgical candidates and the data needs to be placed in context with other recent innovations in su... |
CD004951 | [
"10693095",
"1575555",
"9310515"
] | [
"Does supine positioning increase apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation in preterm infants?",
"Effect of positioning on the breathing pattern of preterm infants.",
"Effect of nursing in the head elevated tilt position (15 degrees) on the incidence of bradycardic and hypoxemic episodes in preterm infants."
] | [
"The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prone and supine positioning on the cardiorespiratory stability of preterm infants with apnea and bradycardia.\n A total of 22 preterm infants with symptomatic apnea and bradycardia (gestational age of 26.9 +/- 1.8 weeks and birth weight of 8... | There is insufficient evidence to determine the role of body positioning on apnoea, bradycardia, oxygen desaturation and oxygen saturation. Large randomised controlled trials are needed to determine the effect of body positioning on cardiorespiratory function in spontaneously breathing preterm infants. |
CD003190 | [
"6337667",
"458990",
"9638316",
"9453690",
"2665385"
] | [
"Placebo--the drug of choice in female motor urge incontinence?",
"An objective comparison of the effects of parenterally administered drugs in patients suffering from detrusor instability.",
"[Intravesical instillation of trospium chloride, oxybutynin and verapamil for relaxation of the bladder detrusor muscle... | [
"In a randomised double-blind cross-over trial of 19 females with motor urge incontinence but without bladder suspension defect, the effects of 14 days' treatment with emepronium bromide 200 mg qid, flavoxate chloride 200 mg qid or placebo qid were compared by means of micturition charts, the patients' drug prefere... | Many of the drugs considered in trials in this review are no longer used in clinical practice (and this includes the most commonly tested - flavoxate). There is inadequate evidence as to determine whether any of the available druge are better or worse than anticholinergic medications. Larger randomised controlled trial... |
CD007456 | [
"18395869"
] | [
"Anxiety levels in women undergoing prenatal maternal serum screening for Down syndrome: the effect of a fast reporting system by mobile phone short-message service."
] | [
"To study the effect of fast reporting by mobile phone short-message service (SMS) on anxiety levels in women undergoing prenatal biochemical screening for Down syndrome.\n From January 2005 to December 2006, 2782 women undergoing prenatal biochemical serum screening were randomized into fast reporti... | We found very limited evidence of low quality that communicating results of medical investigations by mobile phone messaging may make little or no difference to women's anxiety overall or in women with positive test results, but may reduce anxiety in women with negative test results. However, with only one study includ... |
CD004284 | [
"7531132",
"10699690",
"9231677",
"11230886",
"17998689"
] | [
"Palliative endobronchial brachytherapy for central lung tumors. A prospective, randomized comparison of two fractionation schedules.",
"Combined Nd-YAG laser/HDR brachytherapy versus Nd-YAG laser only in malignant central airway involvement: a prospective randomized study.",
"Does additional brachytherapy impr... | [
"Remote high dose rate brachytherapy is an effective local treatment modality for central lung tumors and has the potential to improve survival time. Optimal dose and fractionation schemes have not been identified yet. We conducted a prospective randomized study to compare two treatment schedules in terms of surviv... | The evidence did not provide conclusive results that EBB plus EBRT improved symptom relief over EBRT alone. We were not able to provide conclusive evidence to recommend EBB with EBRT, EBB in preference to EBRT, chemotherapy or Nd-YAG laser. From heterogeneous information obtained from several small RCTs, we conclude th... |
CD008893 | [
"12941673",
"15190043",
"19776136",
"19064532",
"18504447",
"16027246",
"18400709",
"18716168",
"19583878",
"20036019",
"20090776",
"18045712",
"20823377",
"15712594",
"12791625",
"20620742",
"17609490"
] | [
"Chocolate and blood pressure in elderly individuals with isolated systolic hypertension.",
"Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults.",
"Effect of cocoa powder on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients at high r... | [
"nan",
"Dark chocolate derived from the plant (Theobroma cacao) is a rich source of flavonoids. Cardioprotective effects including antioxidant properties, inhibition of platelet activity, and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been ascribed to the cocoa flavonoids.\n To investigat... | Flavanol-rich chocolate and cocoa products may have a small but statistically significant effect in lowering blood pressure by 2-3 mm Hg in the short term.
Our findings are limited by the heterogeneity between trials, which was explored by univariate meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Subgroup meta-analysis of tria... |
CD003333 | [
"15215806",
"19289640",
"16737850"
] | [
"The Warfarin/Aspirin Study in Heart failure (WASH): a randomized trial comparing antithrombotic strategies for patients with heart failure.",
"Randomized trial of warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with chronic heart failure: the Warfarin and Antiplatelet Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure (WATCH) tria... | [
"Heart failure is commonly associated with vascular disease and a high rate of athero-thrombotic events, but the risks and benefits of antithrombotic therapy are unknown.\n The current study was an open-label, randomized, controlled trial comparing no antithrombotic therapy, aspirin (300 mg/day), and... | At present there is little evidence from long term RCTs to recommend the use of antiplatelet therapy to prevent thromboembolism in patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm. A possible interaction with ACE inhibitors may reduce the efficacy of aspirin, although this evidence is mainly from retrospective analyses of t... |
CD007512 | [
"21620064",
"10625238",
"20620518",
"9039930",
"16918535",
"16724337"
] | [
"Sequential versus contemporaneous portal and arterial reperfusion during liver transplantation.",
"Hemodynamic profiles during piggyback liver grafts using arterial or portal revascularization.",
"Rocuronium profile during orthotopic liver transplantation: effect of changing the order of vascular clamp release... | [
"Although sequential portal and arterial revascularization (SPAr) is the most common method of graft reperfusion at liver transplantation (OLT), contemporaneous portal and hepatic artery revascularization (CPAr) has been used to reduce arterial ischemia to the bile ducts. The aim of this study was to prospectively ... | There is currently no evidence to support or refute the use of any specific technique of flushing or reperfusion during liver transplantation. Due to the paucity of data, absence of evidence should not be confused with evidence of absence of any differences. Further well designed trials with low risk of systematic erro... |
CD004966 | [
"12887037",
"15040556",
"12504399",
"15941413"
] | [
"Efficacy of amodiaquine alone and combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and of sulfadoxine pyrimethamine combined with artesunate.",
"Efficacy of chloroquine, amodiaquine, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and combination therapy with artesunate in Mozambican children with non-complicated malaria.",
"Sulfadoxine/py... | [
"The safety and the efficacy of amodiaquine (AQ) alone, AQ plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) (AQ plus SP), and artesunate (ART) plus SP (ART plus SP), three possible alternatives to chloroquine (CQ), were investigated in 379 Rwandan children 6-59 months old with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria who vis... | SP plus AQ performed better at controlling treatment failure at day 28, but was not as good as SP plus AS at reducing gametocyte carriage at day seven. Careful consideration of local resistance patterns is required because resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine are high in many areas. In order to delay... |
CD004551 | [
"19858981",
"16272914",
"15947831",
"14763702",
"19398787"
] | [
"Pin site care during circular external fixation using two different protocols.",
"Multicenter pin care study.",
"Evaluation of effectiveness of 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine solution against infections in wire and pin holes for Ilizarov external fixators.",
"No difference between daily and weekly pin site ... | [
"Treatment of tibial fractures with Ilizarov external fixation is a valuable treatment alternative; however, development of problems at the pin site is one of the major drawbacks of this technique. Moreover, there is no general agreement regarding pin site care. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy... | The available trial evidence was not extensive, was very heterogeneous and generally of poor quality, so there was insufficient evidence to be able to identify a strategy of pin site care that minimises infection rates. Adequately-powered randomised trials are required to examine the effects of different pin care regim... |
CD003735 | [
"3514543",
"14147023",
"4948768",
"4604665",
"3895365",
"4866169"
] | [
"Bornaprine vs placebo in Parkinson disease: double-blind controlled cross-over trial in 30 patients.",
"A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF TRIHEXYPHENIDYL (ARTANE) ON THE COMPONENTS OF THE PARKINSONIAN SYNDROME.",
"Levodopa and orphenadrine hydrochloride in Parkinsonism.",
"KR 339 in the treatment of Park... | [
"The study covers 30 patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease, 13 men and 17 women, aged between 50 and 70, on stabilized L-Dopa and/or bromocriptine, which failed to ensure adequate control of the symptoms, especially tremor. To this regimen was added Bornaprine/placebo in randomized sequence. The patients were ... | As monotherapy or as an adjunct to other antiparkinsonian drugs, anticholinergics are more effective than placebo in improving motor function in Parkinson´s disease. Neuropsychiatric and cognitive adverse events occur more frequently on anticholinergics than on placebo and are a more common reason for withdrawal than l... |
CD000144 | [
"8229487",
"9447532",
"10791521",
"9200358",
"8774514",
"10852192",
"10344707",
"8151722"
] | [
"A multicenter randomized trial comparing two surfactants for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.",
"Comparative efficacy of exosurf and survanta surfactants on early clinical course of respiratory distress sy... | [
"To compare the efficacy of two surfactants, Exosurf Neonatal (Burroughs Wellcome Co.) and Survanta (Ross Laboratories), for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.\n Multicenter randomized trial.\n Eleven tertiary care university neonatal intensive care units particip... | Both natural surfactant extracts and synthetic surfactant extracts are effective in the treatment and prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. Comparative trials demonstrate greater early improvement in the requirement for ventilator support, fewer pneumothoraces, and fewer deaths associated with natural surfactant... |
CD005161 | [
"15380964",
"10083497",
"12387959",
"10551650",
"12176463",
"9422416",
"9884248",
"15376310",
"1721333",
"12149762",
"9583863",
"12783400",
"7520105"
] | [
"Tacrolimus and steroids versus ciclosporin microemulsion, steroids, and azathioprine in children undergoing liver transplantation: randomised European multicentre trial.",
"Mycophenolate mofetil in combination with tacrolimus versus Neoral after liver transplantation.",
"Tacrolimus versus microemulsified ciclo... | [
"Results of studies in adult recipients of liver allograft suggest that tacrolimus is more efficacious than ciclosporin microemulsion in the prevention of acute rejection. We aimed to compare these drugs in children undergoing liver transplantation.\n This 12-month multicentre, open-label, parallel-g... | Tacrolimus is superior to cyclosporin in improving survival (patient and graft) and preventing acute rejection after liver transplantation, but it increases the risk of post-transplant diabetes. Treating 100 recipients with tacrolimus instead of cyclosporin would avoid acute rejection and steroid-resistant rejection in... |
CD006365 | [
"8481745",
"8288183"
] | [
"A trial of two cognitive-behavioural methods of treating drug-resistant residual psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients: I. Outcome.",
"Coping-skills training versus a problem-solving approach with schizophrenic patients."
] | [
"Despite neuroleptic medication, many schizophrenic patients continue to experience residual positive psychotic symptoms. These residual symptoms cause distress and disability. We report a controlled trial of two cognitive-behavioural treatments to alleviate residual hallucinations and delusions. Forty-nine patient... | We found insufficient evidence to confirm or refute the benefits of problem solving therapy as an additional treatment for those with schizophrenia. The small number of participants, the quality of reporting of methods and results were of concern. More trials with adequate reporting of methods to minimize bias, adequat... |
CD006895 | [
"16913215",
"17962710",
"20487575",
"21411836",
"16054520",
"17353072",
"20485304",
"20403940",
"19896252",
"20803023",
"12214543",
"18986600",
"21477383"
] | [
"[Effect of Lactobacillus casei on the incidence of infectious conditions in children].",
"The effect of probiotics on respiratory infections and gastrointestinal symptoms during training in marathon runners.",
"Reducing the risk of infection in the elderly by dietary intake of yoghurt fermented with Lactobacil... | [
"To analyse the effect of continuous consumption of Lactobacillus casei (DN-114001) fermented milk on the incidence of the infectious disorders frequent in children. FIELD: Infant and child population\n children from 3 to 12 years from two schools in Barcelona. A total of 251 children from both sexes... | Probiotics were better than placebo in reducing the number of participants experiencing episodes of acute URTIs, the rate ratio of episodes of acute URTI and reducing antibiotic use. This indicates that probiotics may be more beneficial than placebo for preventing acute URTIs. However, the results have some limitations... |
CD001897 | [
"2528477",
"1534881",
"6381101",
"923836",
"4370851"
] | [
"Second-look operative laparoscopy 1 year following reproductive surgery.",
"The effect of short-interval laparoscopic lysis of adhesions on pregnancy rates following Nd-YAG laser photocoagulation of polycystic ovaries.",
"The efficacy of postoperative hydrotubation: a randomized prospective multicenter clinica... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy of a second-look operative laparoscopy following a reproductive surgery, a randomized study was conducted on women who failed to conceive 1 year following terminal salpingostomy or following salpingo-ovariolysis by laparotomy. There is no significant difference in the cumulative probabilit... | There is insufficient evidence to support the routine practice of hydrotubation or second-look laparoscopy following female pelvic reproductive surgery. The studies on which this conclusion is based were either of poor quality or underpowered. These interventions should be performed in the context of a good quality, ad... |
CD010111 | [
"1547671",
"2768576",
"8545141",
"10150323",
"8364943",
"1491864",
"9256142"
] | [
"Effect of treatment with capsaicin on daily activities of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Capsaicin Study Group.",
"Topical capsaicin treatment of chronic postherpetic neuralgia.",
"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the application of capsaicin cream in chronic distal painful polyneuropathy.... | [
"To establish the effects of topically applied capsaicin on daily activities in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy.\n Investigators at 12 sites enrolled 277 men and women with painful peripheral polyneuropathy and/or radiculopathy in an 8-wk double-blind vehicle-controlled study with parallel ... | There were insufficient data to draw any conclusions about the efficacy of low-concentration capsaicin cream in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The information we have suggests that low-concentration topical capsaicin is without meaningful effect beyond that found in placebo creams; given the potential for bias from... |
CD006922 | [
"12735675",
"18606533",
"18328683",
"15521371",
"21189151",
"18462564",
"10653049",
"11217910",
"16449264",
"16095144",
"10856143",
"15256389",
"15641629",
"17654129",
"16490581",
"14533658",
"18206361"
] | [
"Addition of salmeterol to fluticasone propionate treatment in moderate-to-severe asthma.",
"Maintaining asthma control in persistent asthma: comparison of three strategies in a 6-month double-blind randomised study.",
"Does measuring BHR add to guideline derived clinical measures in determining treatment for p... | [
"This study was designed to determine whether the benefit of adding salmeterol was superior to doubling the dose of fluticasone propionate (FP) over 6 months, compared to a control group who remained on a lower dose of FP. The multi-centre, double-blind, parallel group study involved 496 symptomatic asthmatic patie... | We found no statistically significant differences in fatal or non-fatal serious adverse events in trials in which regular salmeterol was randomly allocated with ICS, in comparison to ICS alone at the same dose. Although 13,447 adults and 1862 children have now been included in trials, the frequency of adverse events is... |
CD007346 | [
"9451758",
"18060943",
"11966480",
"17023012",
"14745915",
"14577813"
] | [
"Population-based case-control study of teratogenic potential of corticosteroids.",
"Maternal corticosteroid use and orofacial clefts.",
"Risk of intrauterine growth retardation, malformations and other birth outcomes in children after topical use of corticosteroid in pregnancy.",
"The cosmetic use of skin-li... | [
"The teratogenic potential of oral and topical corticosteroid treatment during pregnancy was evaluated in the population-based large dataset of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980-1994. Corticosteroid tablet pregnancy exposure was 1.55% among 20,830 malformed cases and 1.41% am... | Currently limited and inconclusive data are unable to detect an association between topical corticosteroids and congenital abnormality, preterm delivery, or stillbirth. The current evidence shows no statistically significant difference between pregnant women who use and those who do not use topical corticosteroids. How... |
CD006065 | [
"11788172"
] | [
"The effect of garlic tablet on plasma lipids and platelet aggregation in nulliparous pregnants at high risk of preeclampsia."
] | [
"This study was designed to determine the effect of garlic tablet (Garlet) on plasma lipids, and platelet aggregation and the efficacy of this treatment in the prevention of preeclampsia.\n In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 primigravidas with positive roll-over test were tr... | There is insufficient evidence to recommend increased garlic intake for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Although garlic is associated with odour, other more serious side-effects have not been reported. Further large randomised trials evaluating the effects of garlic are needed before any recommendations... |
CD003462 | [
"8281698",
"2244556",
"10704160",
"7608429",
"8006281",
"3050522"
] | [
"Combination antithrombotic therapy in unstable rest angina and non-Q-wave infarction in nonprior aspirin users. Primary end points analysis from the ATACS trial. Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes Research Group.",
"Usefulness of antithrombotic therapy in resting angina pectoris or non-Q-wave myo... | [
"The purpose of this study was to compare combination antithrombotic therapy with aspirin plus anticoagulation versus aspirin alone, when added to conventional antianginal therapy in patients with unstable rest angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction who were nonprior aspirin users.\n Two hundred ... | Compared to placebo, patients treated with heparins had similar risk of mortality, revascularization, recurrent angina, major bleeding and thrombocytopenia. However, those treated with heparins had decreased risk of MI and a higher incidence of minor bleeding. |
CD008645 | [
"12202066",
"21071561",
"12933772",
"19748883",
"16289314"
] | [
"Effectiveness of the \"Smoke-Free Class Competition\" in delaying the onset of smoking in adolescence.",
"Effects of Smokefree Class Competition 1 year after the end of intervention: a cluster randomised controlled trial.",
"Prevention of smoking in adolescents with lower education: a school based intervention... | [
"This paper examines the effectiveness of the \"Smoke-Free Class Competition\" in delaying the onset of smoking in adolescence. Each participating class must decide if they want to be a \"smoke-free class\" for the 6-month period from fall to spring. Classes monitor their (non-)smoking behavior and report it to the... | To date, incentive programmes have not been shown to prevent smoking initiation among youth, although there are relatively few published studies and these are of variable quality. Trials included in this meta-analysis were all studies of the SFC competition, which distributed small to moderately sized prizes to whole c... |
CD006231 | [
"10656954",
"8798871",
"10773786",
"8542159",
"11961630",
"10805546",
"7851857",
"7833515",
"9112894",
"14738324",
"11353965",
"1416164",
"9706511",
"11071403",
"7776273",
"10353554",
"8211620",
"8102542",
"7910083",
"7824868",
"10791184",
"8784319",
"12376782",
"964904... | [
"Videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy induces a hemostasis activation of lower grade than does open surgery.",
"Pulmonary mechanics during laparoscopic surgery.",
"Laparoscopic and laparotomic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial comparing postoperative respiratory function.",
"Effects of laparoscopic cholecystec... | [
"Tissue injury after trauma and surgery may induce alterations in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and the hypercoagulable state observed after surgery can be associated with the risk of postoperative thromboembolic complications. Recently, videolaparoscopic (VLPS) cholecystectomy has been introduced, and its ad... | No significant differences were observed in mortality, complications and operative time between laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a significantly shorter hospital stay and a quicker convalescence compared with the classical open cholecystectomy. These results confirm... |
CD001820 | [
"6815756",
"4879059",
"8072261",
"2868029",
"3526127",
"5340622",
"3516608",
"7398002",
"16714187",
"2857803",
"7798505",
"2865702",
"11549300",
"5336520",
"2647556",
"2860740",
"4984849",
"6401878",
"1780077"
] | [
"[Prevention of recurrences of cerebral ischemic vascular accidents by platelet antiaggregants. Results of a 3-year controlled therapeutic trial].",
"Dipyridamole: a controlled trial of its effect in acute myocardial infarction.",
"Anti-platelet therapy in graft thrombosis: results of a prospective, randomized,... | [
"nan",
"A controlled trial of oral dipyridamole in 103 patients with acute myocardial infarction showed no difference in the number of complications or deaths in either the control or the treated groups. It is concluded that dipyridamole has no benefit in acute myocardial infarction.",
"Hemodialysis (HD) vascul... | For patients who presented with arterial vascular disease, there was no evidence that dipyridamole, in the presence or absence of another antiplatelet drug reduced the risk of vascular death, though it reduces the risk of further vascular events. This benefit was found only in patients presenting after cerebral ischaem... |
CD008343 | [
"10323814"
] | [
"Effect of preoperative abstinence on poor postoperative outcome in alcohol misusers: randomised controlled trial."
] | [
"To evaluate the influence of preoperative abstinence on postoperative outcome in alcohol misusers with no symptoms who were drinking the equivalent of at least 60 g ethanol/day.\n Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Copenhagen, Denmark.\n 42 alcoholic patients without liver disease ... | Based on the finding of two studies, it appears that intensive preoperative alcohol cessation interventions, including pharmacological strategies for relapse prophylaxis and withdrawal symptoms, may significantly reduce postoperative complication rates. No effect was found on mortality rates and length of stay.
The eff... |
CD007115 | [
"15457467",
"16298061",
"16266355",
"18395345",
"17060567",
"15927394"
] | [
"A double-blind, multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients with or without major depressive disorder.",
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of duloxetine in the treatment of women with fibromyalgia with or without major depressive disorder.",
... | [
"To assess the efficacy and safety of duloxetine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, in subjects with primary fibromyalgia, with or without current major depressive disorder.\n This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 18 outpatient research cent... | There is moderately strong evidence that duloxetine 60 mg and 120 mg daily are efficacious for treating pain in diabetic peripheral neuropathy and fibromyalgia but 20 mg daily is not. Minor side effects are common at therapeutic doses but serious side effects are rare. Direct comparisons of duloxetine with other antide... |
CD000520 | [
"4267681",
"4204032",
"6416259"
] | [
"A controlled trial of gold salt therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.",
"Gold salts in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind study.",
"Comparison of auranofin, gold sodium thiomalate, and placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled clinical trial."
] | [
"nan",
"nan",
"A prospective controlled, double-blind multicenter trial compared placebo, auranofin (an orally administered gold complex), and parenteral gold sodium thiomalate (GST) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of 193 patients who received any treatment, the only important improvement ide... | Although its use can be limited by the incidence of serious toxicity, injectable gold has an important clinically and statistically significant benefit in the short term treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. |
CD005304 | [
"19768804"
] | [
"Recombinant human DNase in children with airway malacia and lower respiratory tract infection."
] | [
"Children with airway malacia often have protracted courses of airway infections, because dynamic airway collapse during coughing results in impaired mucociliary clearance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the mucolytic drug recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) on the recovery of respir... | There is currently an absence of evidence to support any of the therapies currently utilised for management of intrinsic tracheomalacia. It remains inconclusive whether the use of nebulised rhDNase in children with airway malacia and a respiratory tract infection worsens recovery. It is unlikely that any RCT on surgica... |
CD001067 | [
"3306943",
"3889748",
"2782336",
"2181689",
"8866384",
"2181119",
"9369820",
"8277478",
"1385635",
"2704510",
"8649712",
"12839630",
"18476152",
"4073085",
"18475417",
"6360038",
"1816396",
"8925987",
"8925979",
"453256",
"3906971",
"1553603",
"3329963",
"12548209",
"... | [
"Moxalactam versus clindamycin plus tobramycin for the treatment of puerperal infections.",
"Aztreonam versus gentamicin, each with clindamycin, in the treatment of endometritis.",
"Short course of antibiotic therapy in treatment of postpartum endomyometritis.",
"Ampicillin/sulbactam versus clindamycin in the... | [
"Sixty women with the diagnosis of puerperal endometritis were randomized to receive either moxalactam (n = 29) or the combination of clindamycin and tobramycin (n = 31) as therapy for their infection. Endometrial bacteriology consisted of mixed flora, both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative orga... | The combination of gentamicin and clindamycin is appropriate for the treatment of endometritis. Regimens with activity against penicillin-resistant anaerobic bacteria are better than those without. There is no evidence that any one regimen is associated with fewer side-effects. Once uncomplicated endometritis has clini... |
CD001755 | [
"2729386",
"8335138",
"2750828",
"9916960",
"10759276",
"3727190"
] | [
"Comparison of three different surgical procedures for genuine stress incontinence: prospective randomized study.",
"Urodynamics in women with stress incontinence before and after surgery.",
"Primary stress urinary incontinence and pelvic relaxation: prospective randomized comparison of three different operatio... | [
"One hundred seven consecutive patients with clinical and urodynamic findings of genuine stress incontinence not previously treated were prospectively allocated in a randomized manner to one of three surgical procedures: anterior colporrhaphy, revised Pereyra procedure, or Burch retropubic urethropexy. Randomizatio... | There were not enough data to allow comparison of anterior vaginal repair with physical therapy or needle suspension for primary urinary stress incontinence in women. Open abdominal retropubic suspension appeared to be better than anterior vaginal repair judged on subjective cure rates in eight trials, even in women wh... |
CD004875 | [
"15876944",
"10048679",
"11214557",
"12526069",
"9802626",
"1909052",
"7049959"
] | [
"Role of atypical bacteria and azithromycin therapy for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.",
"Etiology and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in ambulatory children.",
"[Importance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community-acquired pneumonia].",
"Co... | [
"The aim of this study of 352 patients, 1-14 years of age, with acute respiratory infections and a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs), and 208 healthy subjects was to evaluate whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae played a role in causing acute respiratory episodes among chil... | There is insufficient evidence to draw any specific conclusions about the efficacy of antibiotics for this condition in children (although one trial suggests macrolides may be efficacious in some children with LRTI secondary to Mycoplasma). The use of antibiotics has to be balanced with possible adverse events. There i... |
CD004706 | [
"8624291",
"2181310",
"20074933",
"12529345",
"10811493"
] | [
"Adjuvant treatment for early epithelial ovarian cancer: results of two randomised clinical trials comparing cisplatin to no further treatment or chromic phosphate (32P). G.I.C.O.G.: Gruppo Interregionale Collaborativo in Ginecologia Oncologica.",
"Adjuvant therapy in stage I and stage II epithelial ovarian cance... | [
"From 1983 to 1990, 271 consecutive patients with stage I ovarian cancer entered two randomised trials, aimed at assessing the role of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery in early stages of ovarian cancer. Trial I compared cisplatin (50 mg/m2 with repeated courses every 28 days for 6 cycles) to no further t... | Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy is effective in prolonging the survival of the majority of patients who are assessed as having early (FIGO stage I/IIa) epithelial ovarian cancer. However, it may be withheld from women in whom there is well-differentiated encapsulated unilateral disease (stage 1a grade 1) or those ... |
CD001807 | [
"9580172"
] | [
"Administration of antibiotics to patients with rupture of membranes at term: a prospective, randomized, multicentric study. Collaborative Group on PROM."
] | [
"To assess whether antibiotic administration changes the rate of materno-fetal infectious morbidity in premature rupture of membranes occurring later than 35 weeks of gestation.\n A prospective, randomized and multicentric study in the Perinatology Units of eleven hospitals in Spain. Women were rando... | No clear practice recommendations can be drawn from the results of this review on this clinically important question, related to a paucity of reliable data. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the effects of routine use of maternal antibiotics for women with prelabour rupture of the ... |
CD002775 | [
"9417158"
] | [
"alpha1-Proteinase inhibitor therapy for the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity: a randomized, controlled trial."
] | [
"An imbalance between increased neutrophil elastase and a decreased antiprotease shield has been suggested as a factor contributing to the development of chronic lung disease (CLD). We hypothesized that administration of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI), also known as alpha1-antitrypsin, to premature neonates wou... | Prophylactic administration of a1PI did not reduce the risk of CLD at 36 weeks or long term adverse developmental outcomes in preterm neonates. |
CD000273 | [
"2688355",
"3559816",
"1586184",
"4014092"
] | [
"The effect of caffeine compared with theophylline in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants.",
"Theophylline versus caffeine: comparative effects in treatment of idiopathic apnea in the preterm infant.",
"Caffeine or theophylline for neonatal apnoea?",
"Comparative efficacy of theophylline an... | [
"nan",
"nan",
"Caffeine, in the dose usually recommended (12.5 mg/kg loading dose and 3 mg/kg daily maintenance), and a higher dose regimen (25 mg/kg loading and 6 mg/kg daily maintenance), was compared with theophylline (7.5 mg/kg loading and 3 mg/kg thrice daily maintenance). The study was a randomised contro... | Caffeine appears to have similar short-term effects on apnea/bradycardia as does theophylline although caffeine has certain therapeutic advantages over theophylline. Theophylline is associated with higher rates of toxicity. The possibility that higher doses of caffeine might be more effective in extremely preterm infan... |
CD008565 | [
"16580386",
"19890022",
"18940877"
] | [
"Simvastatin improves biochemical parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results of a prospective, randomized trial.",
"Comparison of simvastatin and metformin in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: prospective randomized trial.",
"The effect of atorvastatin in patients with polycystic ovary sy... | [
"To test the hypothesis that statins improve hyperandrogenemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).\n Prospective, randomized trial.\n Academic medical center.\n Forty-eight women with PCOS.\n Subjects were randomized to a statin group (simvasta... | Although statins improve lipid profiles and reduce testosterone levels in women with PCOS, there is no evidence that statins improve resumption of menstrual regularity or spontaneous ovulation, nor is there any improvement of hirsutism or acne. There is a need for further research to be performed with large sample size... |
CD002977 | [
"15042289",
"11517199",
"12780963",
"14595042"
] | [
"Advantages and disadvantages of different nasal CPAP systems in newborns.",
"A randomised control study comparing the Infant Flow Driver with nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants.",
"Comparison of two nasal prongs for application of continuous positive airway pressure in neonates.",
"... | [
"To compare three different systems of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP): the naso-pharyngeal tube and two-prong systems in newborns, focusing on duration of CPAP, side effects and cost.\n Randomized clinical study.\n Between July 2000 and September 2001 newborns were randomiz... | Short binasal prong devices are more effective than single prongs in reducing the rate of re-intubation. Although the Infant Flow Driver appears more effective than Medicorp prongs the most effective short binasal prong device remains to be determined. The improvement in respiratory parameters with short binasal prongs... |
CD000381 | [
"19779589",
"12527536",
"6875530"
] | [
"Evaluation of a Culturally Tailored Skills Intervention for Latinos with Persistent Psychotic Disorders.",
"Functional adaptation skills training (FAST): a pilot psychosocial intervention study in middle-aged and older patients with chronic psychotic disorders.",
"Life skills training for chronic schizophrenic... | [
"Fifty-nine Latino participants diagnosed with persistent psychotic disorders were assigned to either a culturally tailored skills-training intervention (n = 21), an equivalent non-tailored intervention (n = 15), or a community-based support group (n = 23). Participants completed a number of skills-based performanc... | Currently there is no good evidence to suggest life skills programmes are effective for people with chronic mental illnesses. More robust data are needed from studies that are adequately powered to determine whether life skills training is beneficial for people with chronic mental health problems. |
CD003380 | [
"12795585",
"17907851",
"20181120",
"19411074",
"17517002",
"19766942",
"18665688",
"17007812",
"12873069",
"17175410",
"18664995",
"19968379",
"17548850",
"17295559",
"9661327",
"19702662",
"16741684",
"16643843",
"7896672",
"19786274",
"16551144",
"15547059",
"11735841"... | [
"The prevention of depressive symptoms in rural school children: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Prevention of depressive symptoms in adolescents: a randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal prevention programs.",
"Effectiveness of a single-session early psychological intervention for childre... | [
"A controlled trial was conducted to evaluate a prevention program aimed at reducing depressive and anxious symptoms in rural school children. Seventh-grade children with elevated depression were selected. Nine primary schools (n = 90) were randomly assigned to receive the program, and 9 control schools (n = 99) re... | There is some evidence from this review that targeted and universal depression prevention programmes may prevent the onset of depressive disorders compared with no intervention. However, allocation concealment is unclear in most studies, and there is heterogeneity in the findings. The persistence of findings suggests t... |
CD002907 | [
"10370679",
"17030175",
"9860409",
"8228122",
"12499786",
"9647029",
"12455806",
"16148557",
"7859964",
"8855179",
"17043424",
"3873389",
"1397884",
"14999693",
"8020902"
] | [
"Prevention of infectious complications after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhotic patients with a single dose of ceftriaxone.",
"Norfloxacin vs ceftriaxone in the prophylaxis of infections in patients with advanced cirrhosis and hemorrhage.",
"Parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis of bacteria... | [
"Patients with cirrhosis of the liver are prone to bacterial infections. Therapeutic interventions such as endoscopic sclerotherapy increase the risk of bacterial infections in these patients. Following insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), the incidence of severe bacterial infections... | Prophylactic antibiotic use in patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding significantly reduced bacterial infections, and seems to have reduced all-cause mortality, bacterial infection mortality, rebleeding events, and hospitalisation length. These benefits were observed independently of the type of an... |
CD003416 | [
"16253973",
"10527991",
"15575055",
"15618254",
"11527895",
"8034082"
] | [
"In unselected patients, elective single embryo transfer prevents all multiples, but results in significantly lower pregnancy rates compared with double embryo transfer: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Prevention of twin pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection based on strict ... | [
"Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) in a selected group of patients (i.e. young patients with at least one good quality embryo) reduces the number of multiple pregnancies in an IVF programme. However, the reduced overall multiple pregnancy rate (PR) is still unacceptably high. Therefore, a randomized controlled... | In a single fresh IVF cycle, SET is associated with a lower LBR than DET. However there is no significant difference in CLBR following SET+ 1FZET and the LBR following a single cycle of DET. MPR are lowered following SET compared with other transfer policies. There are insufficient data on the outcome of two versus thr... |
CD001009 | [
"8033499"
] | [
"Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone."
] | [
"To evaluate concurrent administration of mecamylamine (nicotine antagonist) with nicotine skin patch treatment for smoking cessation.\n This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-eight healthy smokers who smoked at least one pack per day were studied at an outpatient smokin... | Data from two small studies suggest that the combination of nicotine and mecamylamine may be superior to nicotine alone in promoting smoking cessation. However, these results require confirmation in larger studies before the treatment can be recommended clinically. |
CD002835 | [
"11089633",
"9871887",
"9366579",
"10703807",
"15614717",
"12960834"
] | [
"Effect of short-course of antiretroviral agents on serum triglycerides of healthy individuals.",
"Occupational exposure to HIV: experience at a tertiary care center.",
"A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Need... | [
"nan",
"We examined our hospital-based occupational health clinic's experience with combination antiretroviral therapy for postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Over a 12-month period, 68 workers started postexposure prophylaxis: 23 with zidovudine and lamivudine and 45 with zidovudine,... | The use of occupational PEP is based on limited direct evidence of effect. However, it is highly unlikely that a definitive placebo-controlled trial will ever be conducted, and, therefore, on the basis of results from a single case-control study, a four-week regimen of PEP should be initiated as soon as possible after ... |
CD005186 | [
"12269760",
"18538701",
"9052110"
] | [
"Changing knowledge, behavior, and practice related to universal precautions among hospital nurses in China.",
"Three successful interventions in health care workers that improve compliance with hand hygiene: is sustained replication possible?",
"The use of a ward-based educational teaching package to enhance n... | [
"To evaluate the effect of an educational training program for hospital nurses on universal precautions in Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.\n Using a quasi-experimental design, 50 of 100 randomly selected hospital nurses were randomly assigned to receive an educational interventi... | The quality of intervention studies intended to increase hand hygiene compliance remains disappointing. Although multifaceted campaigns with social marketing or staff involvement appear to have an effect, there is insufficient evidence to draw a firm conclusion. There remains an urgent need to undertake methodologicall... |
CD004075 | [
"17124017",
"15592281",
"11084540",
"19530004",
"15970816"
] | [
"Fetal pulse oximetry and cesarean delivery.",
"Intrapartum management of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns: a randomized controlled trial of fetal pulse oximetry.",
"A multicenter controlled trial of fetal pulse oximetry in the intrapartum management of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns.",
"Reduc... | [
"Knowledge of fetal oxygen saturation, as an adjunct to electronic fetal monitoring, may be associated with a significant change in the rate of cesarean deliveries or the infant's condition at birth.\n We randomly assigned 5341 nulliparous women who were at term and in early labor to either \"open\" ... | The data provide limited support for the use of fetal pulse oximetry when used in the presence of a nonreassuring CTG, to reduce caesarean section for nonreassuring fetal status. The addition of fetal pulse oximetry does not reduce overall caesarean section rates. A better method to evaluate fetal well-being in labour ... |
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