review_id stringlengths 8 8 | pmid list | title list | abstract list | target stringlengths 56 2.23k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD003262 | [
"11606923",
"12789172",
"16164709",
"4106909",
"16706244",
"17367893",
"16047874",
"19397667",
"19594764",
"12399675",
"58258",
"16029682",
"2953312",
"6219689",
"6446314",
"10598760",
"2945705",
"8425809",
"15117375",
"17493072",
"10376693",
"19588640",
"18561584",
"17... | [
"Once-daily topical metronidazole cream formulations in the treatment of the papules and pustules of rosacea.",
"Efficacy and safety of azelaic acid (15%) gel as a new treatment for papulopustular rosacea: results from two vehicle-controlled, randomized phase III studies.",
"Randomized placebo-controlled trial ... | [
"The papules and pustules of rosacea can be effectively treated with topical metronidazole. The optimal concentrations of metronidazole and optimum frequencies of application are uncertain. Traditionally, twice-daily applications have been advised, based on the pharmacokinetic profile of metronidazole. Once-daily a... | Although the majority of included studies were assessed as being at high or unclear risk of bias there was some evidence to support the effectiveness of topical metronidazole, azelaic acid, and doxycycline (40 mg) in the treatment of moderate to severe rosacea, and cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion for ocular rosa... |
CD007078 | [
"19023832",
"16497602",
"17491173",
"18565577",
"12509354",
"15847626",
"17250972",
"18407003",
"16616449",
"19033146",
"16436397",
"19097974",
"15829474",
"19640833",
"19017582",
"19574405",
"15013579",
"17491172",
"18269367",
"19087949"
] | [
"Canary in a coal mine? Interest in bupropion SR use among smokers in the COMPASS trial.",
"Toward evidence-based Internet interventions: A Spanish/English Web site for international smoking cessation trials.",
"Web-based support as an adjunct to group-based smoking cessation for adolescents.",
"The RealU onl... | [
"nan",
"The Internet provides a medium to administer and evaluate evidence-based interventions for highly prevalent public health problems worldwide. The authors report a series of four Internet smoking cessation studies conducted in English and Spanish. These studies examined both outcome (self-reported 7-day ab... | Results suggest that some Internet-based interventions can assist smoking cessation, especially if the information is appropriately tailored to the users and frequent automated contacts with the users are ensured, however trials did not show consistent effects. |
CD004677 | [
"19487623",
"15602505",
"11466160",
"8369641",
"8911223",
"2745390",
"16119478"
] | [
"Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: citalopram ineffective in children with autism.",
"A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism.",
"Effect of fluoxetine on r... | [
"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are widely prescribed for children with autism spectrum disorders.\n To determine the efficacy and safety of citalopram hydrobromide therapy for repetitive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders.\n National Institutes of Health-spon... | There is no evidence of effect of SSRIs in children and emerging evidence of harm. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of SSRIs in adults from small studies in which risk of bias is unclear. |
CD004845 | [
"15084618",
"15750359",
"10703904",
"11505416"
] | [
"Phase III randomized trial of Calendula officinalis compared with trolamine for the prevention of acute dermatitis during irradiation for breast cancer.",
"A pilot, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of individualized homeopathy for symptoms of estrogen withdrawal in breast-cancer survivors.",
... | [
"The effectiveness of nonsteroid topical agents for the prevention of acute dermatitis during adjuvant radiotherapy for breast carcinoma has not been demonstrated. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of calendula (Pommade au Calendula par Digestion; Boiron Ltd, Levallois-Perret, France) with tha... | This review found preliminary data in support of the efficacy of topical calendula for prophylaxis of acute dermatitis during radiotherapy and Traumeel S mouthwash in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. These trials need replicating. There is no convincing evidence for the efficacy of homeopathic medicine... |
CD005044 | [
"12074203",
"3307858",
"9048790",
"8021700",
"10443094",
"2367299",
"2043179",
"1457907",
"59150",
"3555580",
"15808032",
"1520054",
"6346830",
"8323792",
"2051002",
"2669346"
] | [
"Effectiveness of quinine in treating muscle cramps: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre trial.",
"Randomised double-blind trial of quinine sulphate for nocturnal leg cramp.",
"Randomised controlled trial of hydroquinine in muscle cramps.",
"Efficacy of hydroquinine in preventing f... | [
"To determine the efficacy and safety of quinine in treating nocturnal muscle cramps we performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre trial in 17 general practice centres in Germany. Ninety-eight patients aged 18-70 years with more than six muscle cramps in two weeks were enrolled. A two... | There is moderate quality evidence that quinine significantly reduces cramp frequency, intensity and cramp days in dosages between 200 and 500 mg/day. There is moderate quality evidence that with use up to 60 days, the incidence of serious adverse events is not significantly greater than for placebo in the identified t... |
CD006257 | [
"7711427",
"8410923",
"1325010",
"10916100",
"8488862",
"11347755",
"9867064",
"11565518",
"11353877",
"9269212",
"15723969",
"8541002",
"2507061",
"15498085",
"14960504",
"11325669",
"8167383",
"14586718",
"9538979",
"10675071",
"12706322",
"10851564",
"11128360",
"160... | [
"Effects of captopril treatment versus placebo on renal function in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: a long-term study.",
"Placebo-controlled trial of lisinopril in normotensive diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy.",
"Treatment of arterial hypertension in diabetic humans: importance of t... | [
"We evaluated the renal effect of long-term antihypertensive treatment (12 months) with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril compared to placebo in 15 type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. The patients were randomly allocated to captopril (n = 9) or placebo (n = 6). After 1-year therapy n... | Although the survival benefits of ACEi are known for patients with DKD, the relative effects on survival of ACEi with AIIRA are unknown due to the lack of adequate direct comparison studies. In placebo controlled studies, only ACEi (at the maximum tolerable dose, but not lower so-called renal doses) were found to signi... |
CD005962 | [
"15364042",
"14643092"
] | [
"Placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine added to conventional and atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia.",
"Lamotrigine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial."
] | [
"Lamotrigine, a novel anticonvulsant drug having modulatory effects on glutamatergic neurotransmission, improves mood and cognition parameters in bipolar disorder. Recent studies suggest that when added to clozapine, lamotrigine treatment may result in significant positive symptoms reductions in schizophrenia. Simi... | Evidence for use of lamotrigine as an adjuvant for people with schizophrenia is not robust and large well-designed, conducted and reported real-world randomised trials are needed to determine its place in everyday clinical practice. |
CD000402 | [
"8892714",
"16353319",
"8941062",
"16278618",
"3056498",
"10740331",
"11384629",
"11910651",
"15259284",
"8429800",
"9572210",
"10739508",
"16875644",
"11974556",
"12627044",
"11387299",
"1532445",
"15259289",
"10076125",
"8861084",
"11770191",
"8569016",
"8487239",
"19... | [
"The comparative effect on bone density, endometrium, and lipids of continuous hormones as replacement therapy (CHART study). A randomized controlled trial.",
"Bleeding profile and endometrial safety of continuous combined regimens 1 mg 17beta-estradiol/trimegestone versus 1 or 2 mg 17beta-estradiol/norethisteron... | [
"To compare the effect of continuous norethindrone acetate (NA)-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) combinations with matching unopposed EE2 or placebo.\n A 2-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial.\n Outpatients at 65 centers.\n Asymptomatic or mildly... | Hormone therapy for postmenopausal women with an intact uterus should comprise both estrogen and progestogen to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia. |
CD002802 | [
"3776752"
] | [
"The management of urinary incontinence in local authority residential homes for the elderly."
] | [
"Urinary incontinence occurring at least once weekly was found in 32% of residents in 30 Local Authority Residential Homes for the Elderly. Incontinence was significantly commoner among female residents. One hundred and seventy-four incontinent residents were randomly selected in order to assess the effect of medic... | The data were too few and of insufficient quality to provide empirical support for or against the intervention of timed voiding. |
CD003208 | [
"7818255"
] | [
"Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis."
] | [
"A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of low-dose, weekly, oral methotrexate was performed in 60 patients with clinically definite chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) attending a referral-based outpatient MS clinic. Study patients were 21 to 60 years old with a disease duration o... | In progressive MS, the single included trial reveals a non-significant trend in reduction of sustained EDSS progression and number of relapses in favour of methotrexate. There are no studies of methotrexate in relapsing remitting MS. Before drawing further conclusions regarding the efficacy of methotrexate in MS, furth... |
CD004227 | [
"12745558",
"16616557",
"15695996",
"10485722",
"16641396",
"12767566",
"7867399",
"15987864"
] | [
"A randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ascorbic acid supplementation for the prevention of preterm labour.",
"Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial.",
"Vitamin C and E supplementation in women at high risk for preecl... | [
"In a previous study from this institution, patients at high risk for preterm labour were screened for the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV). When BV was present, they were randomised to receive either treatment (metronidazole) or placebo (vitamin C). There were significantly more patients with preterm labour in... | Evidence from this review does not support routine antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia and other serious complications in pregnancy. |
CD008995 | [
"16832124"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics (co-amoxiclav) prior to embryo transfer."
] | [
"Bacterial contamination of the transfer catheter during embryo transfer is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Antibiotics at the time of embryo transfer may improve outcomes. We evaluated the effect of co-amoxiclav on the rates of bacterial contamination of transfer catheters and clinical pregnancy.\n ... | This review suggests that the administration of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid prior to embryo transfer reduced upper genital tract microbial contamination but did not alter clinical pregnancy rates. The effect of this intervention on live birth is unknown. There are no data from randomised controlled trials to suppor... |
CD007701 | [
"19624440",
"11641678",
"9794673",
"9764616",
"17240231",
"15954870",
"15339772",
"7936516",
"2047061",
"9662313",
"16966110",
"10389710",
"15738009",
"10838341",
"12375540",
"1448266",
"11042301",
"2406438",
"15694083",
"18222450",
"8018638",
"9731852"
] | [
"Randomised placebo-controlled trial of outpatient (at home) cervical ripening with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) prior to induction of labour--clinical trial with analyses of efficacy and acceptability. The IMOP study.",
"Vaginally administered misoprostol for outpatient cervical ripening in pregnancies complicat... | [
"To determine whether isosorbide mononitrate (IMN), self-administered vaginally by women at home, improves the process of induction of labour.\n Randomised double blind placebo-controlled trial.\n Large UK maternity hospital.\n Nulliparous women with a singleton pregnanc... | Induction of labour in outpatient settings appears feasible. We do not have sufficient evidence to know which induction methods are preferred by women, or the interventions that are most effective and safe to use in outpatient settings. |
CD001966 | [
"3881220",
"9846921",
"9512207"
] | [
"Aminophylline versus doxapram in weaning premature infants from mechanical ventilation: preliminary report.",
"Low-dose doxapram for treatment of apnoea following early weaning in very low birthweight infants: a randomized, double-blind study.",
"Randomized, controlled, blinded trial of doxapram for extubation... | [
"A small, double-blind crossover study compared the efficacy of aminophylline and doxapram in ventilator weaning of eight premature infants recovering from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Although neither drug was significantly better than the other, four infants were weaned from mechanical ventilation after d... | The evidence does not support the routine use of doxapram to assist endotracheal extubation in preterm infants who are eligible for methylxanthine and/or CPAP. The results should be interpreted with caution because the small number of infants studied does not allow reliable assessment of the benefits and harms of doxap... |
CD004184 | [
"12874091",
"17198647",
"9469797",
"1330398",
"10212327",
"12517683",
"16147905",
"15332347",
"16148616",
"17635851",
"16015049",
"19142758",
"18600215",
"9557932",
"14618095",
"17612946",
"19005898",
"19433778",
"10480474",
"19543080"
] | [
"Administration time-dependent effects of valsartan on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects.",
"[Chronotherapy with torasemide in hypertensive patients: increased efficacy and therapeutic coverage with bedtime administration].",
"The effect on 24 h blood pressure control of an angiotensin converti... | [
"This study investigated the administration time-dependent antihypertensive efficacy of valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. We studied 90 subjects (30 men and 60 women), 49.0+/-14.3 (mean+/-SD) years of age with stage 1 to 2 essential hypertension; they were randomly assigned to receive valsartan (160 mg... | No RCT reported on clinically relevant outcome measures - all cause mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and morbidity. There were no significant differences in overall adverse events and withdrawals due to adverse events among the evening versus morning dosing regimens. In terms of BP lowering efficacy, for 24-hour SBP... |
CD001749 | [
"10326778"
] | [
"Four-week nicotine skin patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease."
] | [
"Acute nicotine injections have been found to improve attentional performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little is known about chronic nicotine effects.\n The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and neuropsychological effects of chronic transdermal nicotine in Al... | This review is not able to provide any evidence that nicotine is or is not a useful treatment for Alzheimer´s disease. |
CD000338 | [
"6368412",
"3382333",
"3554684",
"3351998",
"7331802",
"1762007",
"1622057",
"7451515",
"3182882"
] | [
"Intertrochanteric fractures: a comparison between fixation with a two-piece nail plate and Ender's nails.",
"Intertrochanteric fracture of the hip. Comparison of nail-plate fixation and Ender's nailing.",
"[Pertrochanteric fractures. Comparison between 2 surgical methods of internal fixation].",
"A compariso... | [
"The progress of 182 patients who presented with intertrochanteric fractures was followed over a six month period. Eighty-seven patients were treated using Thornton/McLaughlin nail plates and 95 were treated using Ender's intramedullary nails. Each fracture was classified according to radiological position and mech... | Any advantages in intra-operative outcomes of condylocephalic nails are outweighed by the increase in fracture healing complications, reoperation rate, residual pain and limb deformity when compared with an extramedullary implant, particularly a sliding hip screw. The use of condylocephalic nails (in particular Ender n... |
CD008208 | [
"16564618",
"17133529",
"17886555",
"17872930",
"19920718",
"12544752",
"19247545",
"18223016",
"12595874",
"19460131",
"20018567",
"17101886",
"15026508",
"17039098",
"16495011",
"19801069",
"14746870",
"17123186",
"16315281",
"11601430",
"11588611",
"18047871",
"2063340... | [
"A sham-controlled, phase II trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of central pain in traumatic spinal cord injury.",
"A randomized, sham-controlled, proof of principle study of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia.",
"Reduction of intrac... | [
"Past evidence has shown that motor cortical stimulation with invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation is effective to relieve central pain. Here we aimed to study the effects of another, very safe technique of non-invasive brain stimulation--transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)--on pain control in pat... | Single doses of high-frequency rTMS of the motor cortex may have small short-term effects on chronic pain. The effects do not clearly exceed the predetermined threshold of minimal clinical significance. Low-frequency rTMS is not effective in the treatment of chronic pain. There is insufficient evidence from which to dr... |
CD003160 | [
"12457784"
] | [
"Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial."
] | [
"Although statins reduce coronary and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in middle-aged individuals, their efficacy and safety in elderly people is not fully established. Our aim was to test the benefits of pravastatin treatment in an elderly cohort of men and women with, or at high risk of developing, cardiov... | There is good evidence from RCTs that statins given in late life to individuals at risk of vascular disease have no effect in preventing AD or dementia. Biologically it seems feasible that statins could prevent dementia due to their role in cholesterol reduction and initial evidence from observational studies was very ... |
CD008176 | [
"8310510",
"16371925",
"8479129",
"21699484",
"15086477",
"8420065",
"11072938",
"12600912",
"12124559"
] | [
"The beneficial effect of human recombinant superoxide dismutase on acute and chronic rejection events in recipients of cadaveric renal transplants.",
"Beneficial effects of the bioflavonoids curcumin and quercetin on early function in cadaveric renal transplantation: a randomized placebo controlled trial.",
"A... | [
"In a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, the effect of rh-SOD, given in a dose of 200 mg intravenously during surgery to cyclosporine-treated recipients of cadaveric renal allografts, on both acute and chronic rejection events as well as patient and graft survival was investigated by anal... | Although antioxidant therapy does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause death or major cardiovascular events in people with CKD, it is possible that some benefit may be present, particularly in those on dialysis. However, the small size and generally suboptimal quality of the included studies highlighted ... |
CD006827 | [
"3554492",
"9407981",
"8969668",
"12548410",
"10678027",
"1991422"
] | [
"A randomized trial of fistulotomy in perianal abscess.",
"Randomized controlled trial of primary fistulotomy with drainage alone for perianal abscesses.",
"Prospective randomized trial of drainage alone vs. drainage and fistulotomy for acute perianal abscesses with proven internal opening.",
"Randomized clin... | [
"In a randomized trial we compared the treatment of perianal abscess by incision only (18 patients) with that by incision followed by fistulotomy 3 days later (20 patients). All patients were observed for 12 months. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to recurrent abscess/fistula, but the f... | The published evidence shows fistula surgery with abscess drainage significantly reduces recurrence or persistence of abscess/fistula, or the need for repeat surgery. There was no statistically significant evidence of incontinence following fistula surgery with abscess drainage. This intervention may be recommended in ... |
CD007072 | [
"21270788",
"18575629"
] | [
"Immunogenicity and smoking-cessation outcomes for a novel nicotine immunotherapeutic.",
"A vaccine against nicotine for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial."
] | [
"NicVAX, a nicotine vaccine (3'AmNic-rEPA), has been clinically evaluated to determine whether higher antibody (Ab) concentrations are associated with higher smoking abstinence rates and whether dosages and frequency of administration are associated with increased Ab response. This randomized, double-blinded, place... | There is currently no evidence that nicotine vaccines enhance long-term smoking cessation. Rates of serious adverse events recorded in the two trials with full data available were low, and the majority of adverse events reported were at mild to moderate levels. The evidence available suggests nicotine vaccines do not i... |
CD001144 | [
"2657423",
"9722255",
"8323356",
"7752005",
"7700763",
"9545359"
] | [
"A controlled trial of dexamethasone in preterm infants at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.",
"Efficacy of sequential early systemic and inhaled corticosteroid therapy in the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity.",
"Dexamethasone treatment in preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dy... | [
"We evaluated the use of dexamethasone in preterm infants to decrease morbidity associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-six preterm infants (birth weight, less than or equal to 1250 g and gestational age, less than or equal to 30 weeks) who were dep... | Moderately early corticosteroid therapy (started at 7-14 days) reduces neonatal mortality and CLD, but at the cost of important short term adverse effects. Limited evidence concerning long term effects is provided by the trials included in this review. The methodological quality of the studies determining the long-term... |
CD006953 | [
"16462503",
"17785709",
"9414057",
"15022300",
"3966583",
"16488348",
"11747326",
"17438709",
"17661342",
"12096294",
"16135471",
"17066964",
"11742045",
"1602030",
"12096292",
"18543381",
"7235853",
"16618589",
"11343530",
"10474848",
"10833696",
"8564938",
"12790259",
... | [
"Will improvement in quality of life (QOL) impact fatigue in patients receiving radiation therapy for advanced cancer?",
"Randomized controlled trial of yoga among a multiethnic sample of breast cancer patients: effects on quality of life.",
"A pain education program for chronic cancer pain patients: follow-up ... | [
"Fatigue has a significant impact on the quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients. Recent research has suggested that physical activity can reduce fatigue in patients receiving active cancer treatment. In this project, we examined the impact that participation in a randomized controlled trial of a multidisciplinary... | There is limited evidence that psychosocial interventions during cancer treatment are effective in reducing fatigue. At present, psychosocial interventions specifically for fatigue are a promising type of intervention. However, there is no solid evidence for the effectiveness of interventions not specific for fatigue. ... |
CD006315 | [
"17949458",
"15666380",
"17697262",
"16555338"
] | [
"The ischemic preconditioning paradox in deceased donor liver transplantation-evidence from a prospective randomized single blind clinical trial.",
"Ischemic preconditioning in deceased donor liver transplantation: a prospective randomized clinical trial of safety and efficacy.",
"Ischemic pre-conditioning in d... | [
"While animal studies show that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is beneficial in liver transplantation (LT), evidence from few smaller clinical trials is conflicting. From October 2003 to July 2006, 101 deceased donors (DD) were randomized to 10 min IPC (n = 50) or No IPC (n = 51). Primary objective was efficacy of ... | There is currently no evidence to support or refute the use of ischaemic preconditioning in donor liver retrievals. Further studies are necessary to identify the optimal ischaemic preconditioning stimulus. |
CD008726 | [
"11243292",
"8228713",
"3748494",
"1303479",
"3079625",
"9894177",
"7447362",
"9251949",
"2798994",
"12790845",
"3772891",
"1568631",
"2315771",
"2183617",
"16212202",
"3907340",
"6293721"
] | [
"Antibiotic prophylaxis at Cesarean delivery.",
"An efficacy study of ampicillin versus cefazolin prophylaxis in patients undergoing cesarean section.",
"Randomized comparison of five irrigation solutions at cesarean section.",
"The role of prophylactic antibiotics in caesarean section--a randomised trial.",
... | [
"Our aim was to compare the efficacy of ampicillin, cefotetan, and ampicillin/sulbactam in the prevention of post-Cesarean endomyometritis.\n Consenting patients undergoing Cesarean delivery at the University of Louisville Hospital were enrolled in a prospective, double-blinded randomization to recei... | Based on the best currently available evidence, cephalosporins and penicillins have similar efficacy at caesarean section when considering immediate postoperative infections. We have no data for outcomes on the baby, nor on late infections (up to 30 days) in the mother. Clinicians need to consider bacterial resistance ... |
CD009200 | [
"6387560",
"7312235",
"6829919",
"12580236",
"9033244",
"6353840",
"6353838",
"16167911",
"5817847",
"3051873"
] | [
"Submucous paracervical blockade compared with intramuscular meperidine as analgesia during labor: a double-blind study.",
"Spacing the injection interval with paracervical block: a randomized study.",
"Comparison of lidocaine and 2-chloroprocaine in paracervical block: clinical effects and drug concentrations ... | [
"A double-blind study was carried out to compare the effect of submucous paracervical blockade using 12 mL 0.25% bupivacaine (55 women) to the effect of intramuscular injection of 75 mg meperidine (62 women) during the first stage of labor. All 117 were normal primiparous pregnancies. Seventy-eight percent of the w... | Local anaesthetic nerve blocks are more effective than placebo, opioid and non-opioid analgesia for pain management in labour based on RCTs of unclear quality and limited numbers. Side effects are more common after local anaesthetic nerve blocks in comparison with placebo. Different local anaesthetic agents used for pa... |
CD007553 | [
"3044868",
"3552457"
] | [
"Analgesic effect of aspirin, mefenamic acid and their combination in post-operative oral surgery pain.",
"Comparison of two formulations of lignocaine spray with mefenamic acid in the relief of post-episiotomy pain: a placebo-controlled study."
] | [
"A double-blind randomized single dose study of the analgesic effects of 650 mg aspirin, 250 mg mefenamic acid, the combination of 650 mg aspirin and 250 mg mefenamic acid and placebo on 120 patients with pain following oral surgery was conducted. Patients evaluated their pain intensity and extent of pain relief at... | Oral mefenamic acid 500 mg was effective at treating moderate to severe acute postoperative pain, based on limited data. Efficacy of other doses, and safety and tolerability could not be assessed. |
CD002041 | [
"7710151",
"12362006",
"10092916",
"21125215",
"2569600"
] | [
"Delayed neuropsychologic sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: prevention by treatment with hyperbaric oxygen.",
"Hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning.",
"Hyperbaric or normobaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a randomised controlled clinical trial.",
"Hyperbaric oxygen the... | [
"Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major clinical problem. The risk of morbidity and the most effective treatment have not been clearly established. We measured the incidence of delayed neurologic sequelae (DNS) in a group of patients acutely poisoned with CO and tested the null hypothesis that the incidence woul... | Existing randomised trials do not establish whether the administration of HBO to patients with carbon monoxide poisoning reduces the incidence of adverse neurologic outcomes. Additional research is needed to better define the role, if any, of HBO in the treatment of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. This researc... |
CD009218 | [
"14722370",
"18641196",
"12736400",
"11123827",
"11451725",
"12003652",
"11424510",
"11814373",
"15164114",
"16603147",
"10721929",
"17928808",
"10989766",
"9209187",
"19652922",
"11890637",
"10633202"
] | [
"Efficacy of twice weekly iron supplementation in anemic adolescent girls.",
"Weekly may be as efficacious as daily folic acid supplementation in improving folate status and lowering serum homocysteine concentrations in Guatemalan women.",
"Anemia prophylaxis in adolescent school girls by weekly or daily iron-f... | [
"Two hundred and forty four girls with different hemoglobin levels were selected, of which forty-one were non-anemic. The rest were graded as mildly, moderately or severely anemic and supplemented with 60 mg of iron daily or twice weekly for twelve weeks. There was no significant difference in the increase in hemog... | Intermittent iron supplementation in menstruating women is a feasible intervention in settings where daily supplementation is likely to be unsuccessful or not possible. In comparison with daily supplementation, the provision of iron supplements intermittently is less effective in preventing or controlling anaemia. More... |
CD007628 | [
"1935254",
"8129407",
"2250110",
"1428436",
"17451383",
"12072067",
"10674382",
"11050579",
"19239555",
"15034503",
"8225725",
"17986309",
"15057016",
"21700360",
"17324826",
"14996107",
"17168873",
"12524069"
] | [
"Topical minoxidil in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women.",
"Androgenetic alopecia in the female. Treatment with 2% topical minoxidil solution.",
"Quantitative estimation of hair growth. I. androgenetic alopecia in women: effect of minoxidil.",
"Treatment of female androgenetic alopecia with mino... | [
"Twenty-eight women with mild to moderate androgenetic alopecia were randomly assigned to apply either 2 percent topical minoxidil or placebo (vehicle) to their involved scalp areas twice daily. At the end of thirty-two weeks, there was a statistically significant increase of nonvellus target area hairs in the mino... | Although more than half of the included studies were assessed as being at high risk of bias, and the rest at unclear, there was evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of topical minoxidil in the treatment of female pattern hair loss. Further direct comparison studies of minoxidil 5% applied once a day, which ... |
CD006359 | [
"18765001",
"16984757",
"8752629",
"16818032",
"10527993",
"9457941",
"12009350",
"15016780",
"9389827",
"19165663",
"7836534",
"12930575",
"9647536",
"11006179",
"7851589"
] | [
"Progesterone supplementation during cryopreserved embryo transfer cycles: efficacy and convenience of two vaginal formulations.",
"Artificial versus stimulated cycles for endometrial preparation prior to frozen-thawed embryo transfer.",
"Glucocorticoid administration during transfer of frozen-thawed embryos: a... | [
"Sequential exogenous oestradiol and progesterone are often used to prepare the endometrium in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. This open-label, randomized study compared the efficacy and acceptability of self-administered once daily vaginal progesterone gel and vaginal micronized progesterone tablets (three ti... | There is insufficient evidence to recommend any one particular protocol for endometrial preparation over another with regard to pregnancy rates after embryo transfers. These were either frozen embryos or embryos derived from donor oocytes. However, there is evidence of a lower pregnancy rate and a higher cycle cancella... |
CD003014 | [
"8201068",
"15944167"
] | [
"The treatment of recurrent abdominal pain in children: a controlled comparison of cognitive-behavioral family intervention and standard pediatric care.",
"A randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioral family intervention for pediatric recurrent abdominal pain."
] | [
"This study describes the results of a controlled clinical trial involving 44 7- to 14-year-old children with recurrent abdominal pain who were randomly allocated to either cognitive-behavioral family intervention (CBFI) or standard pediatric care (SPC). Both treatment conditions resulted in significant improvement... | The included trials were small, with methodological weaknesses and a number failed to give appropriate detail regarding numbers of children assessed. In spite of these methodological weaknesses and the clinical heterogeneity, the consistency and magnitude of the effects reported provides some evidence that cognitive be... |
CD007707 | [
"10765510",
"19250367",
"16880306"
] | [
"Randomized trial of administration of prostaglandin E2 gel for induction of labor in the morning or the evening.",
"Start of induction of labour with oxytocin in the morning or in the evening. A randomised controlled trial.",
"Morning compared with evening induction of labor: a nested randomized controlled tri... | [
"To compare the outcome of induction of labor and patient's preferences using a protocol with the first dose of prostaglandin E2 endocervical gel in the evening versus a protocol with the first dose in the morning.\n We performed a randomized trial comparing administration of prostaglandin E2 endocer... | Taking into account women's preferences that favoured administration of prostaglandins in the morning, we conclude that caregivers should preferably consider administering prostaglandins in the morning.
There is no strong evidence that induction of labour with intravenous oxytocin in the evening is more or less effecti... |
CD004049 | [
"10023500",
"10907738",
"7726322",
"11254020"
] | [
"Combination of inositol and serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of depression.",
"Inositol addition does not improve depression in SSRI treatment failures.",
"Double-blind, controlled trial of inositol treatment of depression.",
"Inositol as an add-on treatment for bipolar depression."
] | [
"Inositol has been reported to be an effective treatment in depression, and we hypothesized that inositol addition might enhance or speed up response to serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI).\n Twenty-seven depressed patients completed a double-blind controlled 4-week trial of SSRI plus plac... | It is currently unclear whether or not inositol is of benefit in the treatment of depression. Ongoing studies should reduce this uncertainty. |
CD007038 | [
"15193678",
"11511121",
"16537663",
"16537725"
] | [
"A dose-finding study of fondaparinux in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: the Pentasaccharide in Unstable Angina (PENTUA) Study.",
"A synthetic factor-Xa inhibitor (ORG31540/SR9017A) as an adjunct to fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction. The PENTALYSE study.",
"Comparison ... | [
"In this dose-finding study, we sought to compare fondaparinux with enoxaparin in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).\n Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide that selectively inhibits activated clotting factor X. It has been demonstrated as effective in preventing thromboembolic compl... | The therapeutic efficacy of factor Xa inhibitors in ACS seemed to be related to a reduced risk in all-cause mortality at 90 to 180 days, with a better safety profile than enoxaparin in terms of reduce incidence of major and minor bleeding. |
CD001758 | [
"8103365",
"1773316",
"8156369",
"11005498",
"8044618",
"9864116",
"1338091",
"1734574",
"9231856",
"16575620",
"15449272"
] | [
"Clinical and functional results of abdominal rectopexy with absorbable mesh-graft for treatment of complete rectal prolapse.",
"Lateral ligament division during rectopexy causes constipation but prevents recurrence: results of a prospective randomized study.",
"Abdominal resection rectopexy with pelvic floor r... | [
"To report the long term results of abdominal rectopexy in patients with complete rectal prolapse.\n Ongoing prospective randomised study.\n Department of Surgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster.\n 47 patients with complete rectal prolapse operated on between ... | The small sample size of included trials together with their methodological weaknesses severely limit the usefulness of this review for guiding practice. It is impossible to identify or refute clinically important differences between the alternative surgical operations. Larger rigorous trials are needed to improve the ... |
CD003897 | [
"9652559",
"18199693",
"15699766",
"15659136",
"2157982",
"16868708",
"19535812",
"16824149",
"16827869",
"17093248",
"17102775",
"18089329",
"12095056",
"14974365",
"10075594",
"14529854",
"16861943",
"17893603",
"2652578",
"16123718",
"12591362",
"12962761",
"17627241",... | [
"Randomised trial of basiliximab versus placebo for control of acute cellular rejection in renal allograft recipients. CHIB 201 International Study Group.",
"CMV infections after two doses of daclizumab versus thymoglobulin in renal transplant patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil, steroids and delayed cyclosp... | [
"Currently available immunosuppressive regimens for cadaver-kidney recipients are far from ideal because acute-rejection episodes occur in about 30% to 50% of these patients. In the phase III study described here we assessed the ability of basiliximab, a chimeric interleukin (IL)-2 receptor monoclonal antibody, to ... | Given a 38% risk of rejection, per 100 recipients compared with no treatment, nine recipients would need treatment with IL2Ra to prevent one recipient having rejection, 42 to prevent one graft loss, and 38 to prevent one having CMV disease over the first year post-transplantation. Compared with ATG treatment, ATG may p... |
CD003069 | [
"19538334",
"8558397",
"17461960",
"9857596",
"15857065",
"9545899",
"15536784",
"9797055",
"11966923",
"19711612",
"15085873"
] | [
"Mechanical non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: a double-blind randomized longitudinal clinical study. I: clinical results.",
"The effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse on implant maintenance: plaque and peri-implant gingival tissues.",
"Peri-implant maintenance of immediate function implants: a pilot stud... | [
"Peri-implantitis is a frequent finding in patients with dental implants. The present study compared two non-surgical mechanical debridement methods of peri-implantitis.\n Thirty-seven subjects (mean age 61.5; S.D+/-12.4), with one implant each, demonstrating peri-implantitis were randomized, and tho... | There was only low quality evidence for which are the most effective interventions for maintaining or recovering health of peri-implant soft tissues. The included RCTs had short follow-up periods and few subjects and although overall the risk of bias of the studies was either low or unclear, only single trials were ava... |
CD002970 | [
"11381380",
"8445463",
"3858479",
"2681610",
"11844036",
"1814964",
"11826641"
] | [
"Efficacy of temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis with and without injection of sodium hyaluronate in treatment of internal derangements.",
"Use of sodium hyaluronate in treating temporomandibular joint disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.",
"The short-term effect of intra... | [
"This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of arthrocentesis with and without injection of sodium hyaluronate (SH) into the upper joint space in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangements.\n Forty-one TMJs in 5 males and 26 females aged 14 to 53 years comprised the... | There is insufficient, consistent evidence to either support or refute the use of hyaluronate for treating patients with TMD. Further high quality RCTs of hyaluronate need to be conducted before firm conclusions with regard to its effectiveness can be drawn. |
CD004072 | [
"12745558",
"10485722",
"9197872"
] | [
"A randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ascorbic acid supplementation for the prevention of preterm labour.",
"Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial.",
"Antioxidants in the treatment of severe pre-eclampsia: an explanatory random... | [
"In a previous study from this institution, patients at high risk for preterm labour were screened for the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV). When BV was present, they were randomised to receive either treatment (metronidazole) or placebo (vitamin C). There were significantly more patients with preterm labour in... | The data are too few to say if vitamin C supplementation either alone or in combination with other supplements is beneficial during pregnancy. Preterm birth may have been increased with vitamin C supplementation.
[Note: The 32 citations in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter the conclusions of t... |
CD008630 | [
"10971602",
"11552002",
"14610140",
"11789240"
] | [
"Randomized controlled trial of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Guillain-Barré syndrome: a pilot study.",
"CSF filtration is an effective treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.",
"A randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon-beta 1a in Guillain-Barré syndrome.",
"[E... | [
"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has the theoretical potential to protect neurones from axonal degeneration. The objective of this study was to discover whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor is safe in Guillain-Barré syndrome, and to make preliminary observations of its efficacy. This was a parallel gr... | The quality of the evidence was very low. Three small RCTs, of interferon beta-1a, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebrospinal fluid filtration, showed no significant benefit or harm. A fourth small trial showed that the Chinese herbal medicine tripterygium polyglycoside hastened recovery significantly more tha... |
CD000543 | [
"17234558",
"2563951",
"12492193",
"16573804",
"2857633",
"2899536",
"15679762",
"2906476",
"20049950",
"20878425",
"2337059",
"11856080",
"11515850",
"11856079",
"12094857",
"2906888",
"15133864",
"2567266",
"15854171",
"9726382",
"17241860",
"16279903",
"18080055",
"1... | [
"Effect of once- or twice-daily MMX mesalamine (SPD476) for the induction of remission of mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis.",
"Coated mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) versus sulphasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial.",
"Balsalazide is superior to mesalamine i... | [
"SPD476 (MMX mesalamine), a novel, once-daily mesalamine formulation, uses MMX Multi Matrix System (MMX) technology to delay and extend delivery of active drug throughout the colon. We performed a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III study in patients with mild to mode... | 5-ASA was superior to placebo and no more effective than SASP. Considering their relative costs, a clinical advantage to using oral 5-ASA in place of SASP appears unlikely. 5-ASA dosed once daily appears to be as efficacious and safe as conventionally dosed 5-ASA. Adherence does not appear to be enhanced by once daily ... |
CD005474 | [
"240651",
"3615572",
"4909377",
"4967871",
"1582239",
"4550211",
"4874163",
"769027",
"6951396",
"8018782",
"7542829",
"362830",
"7041515",
"7041516",
"7041517",
"4623599"
] | [
"Comprehesiven clinical studies with thiothixene.",
"Zuclopenthixol and perphenazine in patients with acute psychotic states. A double-blind multicentre study.",
"Double blind study of clopenthixol and chlorpromazine in acute hospitalized schizophrenics.",
"A controlled comparison of clopenthixol and perphena... | [
"nan",
"Fifty-four patients with acute psychotic states were included in a double-blind multicentre study of zuclopenthixol and perphenazine given orally. Fourteen patients had not received test preparations for a minimum of 3 weeks as stated in the protocol, and were excluded. The remaining 40 patients received ... | There is an indication that zuclopenthixol causes movement disorders, perhaps more so than the newer generation of drugs, though no more frequently than the older generation of antipsychotics. There is some suggestion from this review that oral zuclopenthixol may have some clinical advantage, at least in the short term... |
CD001732 | [
"11991271",
"12839217",
"7029140",
"14725657",
"10069912",
"3883876",
"2690721",
"4016519",
"4701297"
] | [
"Treatment of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins: double-blind prospective comparative trial between aethoxyskerol and sotradecol.",
"Long term results of compression sclerotherapy.",
"A random controlled trial of two forms of compression bandaging in outpatient sclerotherapy of varicose veins.",
"Evaluati... | [
"One hundred twenty-nine patients were treated with either polidocanol (POL) or sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) to compare the efficacy and adverse sequelae of each agent.\n To determine the safety and efficacy of two sclerosing solutions.\n Each patient's leg veins that did not have i... | Evidence from RCTs suggests that the choice of sclerosant, dose, formulation (foam versus liquid), local pressure dressing, degree and length of compression have no significant effect on the efficacy of sclerotherapy for varicose veins. The evidence supports the current place of sclerotherapy in modern clinical practic... |
CD007698 | [
"21122499",
"8964395"
] | [
"Clinical trial: Preliminary efficacy and safety study of a new Budesonide-MMX® 9 mg extended-release tablets in patients with active left-sided ulcerative colitis.",
"Oral budesonide versus prednisolone in patients with active extensive and left-sided ulcerative colitis."
] | [
"Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with relapses. Many patients need systemic corticosteroids to induce clinical remission.\n Efficacy and safety of Budesonide-MMX® 9 mg tablets, a new oral, extended-release formulation, were evaluated in patients suffering from active, left-s... | At present, there is no evidence to recommend the clinical use of oral budesonide for the induction of remission in active ulcerative colitis. Mesalamine is superior to budesonide for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. |
CD001008 | [
"3941301",
"3812046",
"3369332",
"16766441",
"832925",
"396255",
"1194487",
"6377845",
"18569754"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation.",
"Treatment effectiveness of hypnosis and behaviour therapy in smoking cessation: a methodological refinement.",
"Use of single session hypnosis for smoking cessation.",
"Intensive hypnotherapy for smoking cessation: a prospective study.",... | [
"A randomized controlled study in a family practice setting was conducted on the use of hypnosis in helping people quit smoking. In the hypnosis group 21 percent of patients quit smoking by the three month follow-up compared with 6 percent in the control group. By six months there were no significant differences be... | We have not shown that hypnotherapy has a greater effect on six-month quit rates than other interventions or no treatment. There is not enough evidence to show whether hypnotherapy could be as effective as counselling treatment. The effects of hypnotherapy on smoking cessation claimed by uncontrolled studies were not c... |
CD008116 | [
"11340701",
"9648698"
] | [
"Intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of common cold.",
"The common cold: effects of intranasal fluticasone propionate treatment."
] | [
"Sinusitis is usually considered a complication of viral rhinitis. Virus infections in the upper respiratory tract lead to mucosal swelling, which may obstruct paranasal sinus outflow, resulting in infection in the paranasal sinuses. Topical nasal steroids have been found beneficial in a variety of acute and chroni... | Current evidence does not support the use of intranasal corticosteroids for symptomatic relief from the common cold. However, there were only two trials and limited statistical power. Further large randomised placebo-controlled trials in adults and children are required to answer this question. |
CD001484 | [
"6733063",
"6367345",
"861482",
"8262083",
"6338992",
"3672322",
"4016545",
"2645846",
"6998538",
"679555",
"6208877",
"2483018",
"5117008",
"1702235",
"8682818",
"788855"
] | [
"The efficacy of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis after major gynaecological surgery.",
"Calf compression for prevention of thromboembolism following hip surgery.",
"The efficacy of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis.",
"Graduated... | [
"The efficacy of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after major gynaecological surgery was investigated in a controlled randomized prospective trial in 196 patients who were greater than 35 years of age. The stockings were worn by 104 of the 196 patients throughout their... | GCS are effective in diminishing the risk of DVT in hospitalised patients. Data examination also suggests that GCS on a background of another method of prophylaxis is more effective than GCS on its own. |
CD000133 | [
"3365857",
"3089466",
"3693764",
"8142334"
] | [
"Immune response of the atopic woman and foetus: effects of high- and low-dose food allergen intake during late pregnancy.",
"Effect of maternal dietary exclusion on breast fed infants with eczema: two controlled studies.",
"Development of atopic disease in babies whose mothers were receiving exclusion diet dur... | [
"The influence of the mother's consumption of cows' milk and hens' egg on the immune response (IgE, IgG) in the mother and foetus was studied in 165 pregnant women with atopical respiratory disease with an allergy to pollen and/or animal dander. The women were randomly allocated to four diets ranging from a diet fr... | Prescription of an antigen avoidance diet to a high-risk woman during pregnancy is unlikely to reduce substantially her child's risk of atopic diseases, and such a diet may adversely affect maternal or fetal nutrition, or both. Prescription of an antigen avoidance diet to a high-risk woman during lactation may reduce h... |
CD003464 | [
"8336751",
"7403713",
"10716478",
"9159625",
"326013",
"6803719"
] | [
"A comparison of aspirin with placebo in patients treated with warfarin after heart-valve replacement.",
"Reduction of platelet activity in patients with prosthetic heart valves.",
"Early and long-term (one-year) effects of the association of aspirin and oral anticoagulant on thrombi and morbidity after replace... | [
"Despite the use of warfarin, major systemic embolism remains an important complication in patients with heart-valve replacement. Although the addition of antiplatelet agents has the potential to reduce this complication, their efficacy and safety when given in combination with warfarin are uncertain.\n ... | Adding antiplatelet therapy, either dipyridamole or low-dose aspirin, to oral anticoagulation decreases the risk of systemic embolism or death among patients with prosthetic heart valves. The risk of major bleeding is increased with antiplatelet therapy. These results apply to patients with mechanical prosthetic valves... |
CD003015 | [
"4004696",
"7673534",
"9337501",
"1460157",
"4710043",
"2030245"
] | [
"Group versus individual applications of reciprocity training for parent-youth conflict.",
"Multisystemic treatment of serious juvenile offenders: long-term prevention of criminality and violence.",
"Multisystemic therapy with violent and chronic juvenile offenders and their families: the role of treatment fide... | [
"nan",
"This article examined the long-term effects of multisystemic therapy (MST) vs. individual therapy (IT) on the prevention of criminal behavior and violent offending among 176 juvenile offenders at high risk for committing additional serious crimes. Results from multiagent, multimethod assessment batteries ... | The evidence suggests that family and parenting interventions for juvenile delinquents and their families have beneficial effects on reducing time spent in institutions. This has an obvious benefit to the participant and their family and may result in a cost saving for society. These interventions may also reduce rates... |
CD007868 | [
"12269458",
"285752",
"321181",
"6337712",
"6399218",
"2403486",
"4150790",
"1055598",
"14204414",
"6754242",
"4400046",
"4381422",
"279409",
"9372795",
"7004469",
"6365424",
"359013",
"3288434",
"6943157",
"369697",
"4154819",
"12202647",
"3476523",
"15528909",
"6088... | [
"A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of providing free fluoride toothpaste from the age of 12 months on reducing caries in 5-6 year old children.",
"A supervised brushing trial of sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices in a fluoridated area.",
"A 3-year clinical trial of the effect on dental cari... | [
"To assess the impact of regularly supplying free fluoride toothpaste regularly to children, initially aged 12 months, and living in deprived areas of the north west of England on the level of caries in the deciduous dentition at 5-6 years of age. A further aim was to compare the effectiveness of a programme using ... | This review confirms the benefits of using fluoride toothpaste in preventing caries in children and adolescents when compared to placebo, but only significantly for fluoride concentrations of 1000 ppm and above. The relative caries preventive effects of fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations increase with hig... |
CD007956 | [
"9817273",
"18341378"
] | [
"Salivary gland protection by amifostine in high-dose radioiodine treatment: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study.",
"Limited cytoprotective effects of amifostine in high-dose radioactive iodine 131-treated well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients: analysis of quantitative salivary scan."
] | [
"Salivary gland impairment is a well-recognized side effect following high-dose radioiodine treatment (HD-RIT). Since differentiated thyroid cancer has a good prognosis, reduction of long-term side effects is important. Therefore, the effect of amifostine was studied in HD-RIT.\n Parenchymal function... | Results from two randomised controlled clinical trials suggest that the amifostine has no significant radioprotective effects on salivary glands in high-dose radioactive iodine treated differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Moreover, no health-related quality of life and other patient-oriented outcomes were evaluated ... |
CD004226 | [
"17666597",
"16394045",
"9065105"
] | [
"Antepartum treatment without early cordocentesis for standard-risk alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Parallel randomized trials of risk-based therapy for fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.",
"Antenatal management of alloimmune thrombocytopenia with intravenous gamma-globulin: a ran... | [
"To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two antenatal treatment regimens designed to optimally protect fetuses against intracranial hemorrhage resulting from alloimmune thrombocytopenia while minimizing the risks associated with fetal blood sampling. The study was limited to \"standard-risk\" patients, who wer... | The optimal management of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia remains unclear. Lack of complete data sets for two trials and differences in interventions precluded the pooling of data from these trials which may have enabled a more developed analysis of the trial findings. Further trials would be required to deter... |
CD007387 | [
"12214830",
"9190979",
"17466514"
] | [
"A prospective randomized study comparing retroperitoneal drainage with no drainage and no peritonization following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for invasive cervical cancer.",
"A randomized study comparing retroperitoneal drainage with no drainage after lymphadenectomy in gynecologic malignanc... | [
"To evaluate the postoperative morbidity and lymphocyst formation in invasive cervical cancer patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHPL) with no drainage and no peritonization compared with retroperitoneal drainage and peritonization.\n Between July 1999 and May 2000, ... | Placement of retroperitoneal tube drains has no benefit in prevention of lymphocyst formation after pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with gynaecological malignancies. When the pelvic peritoneum is left open, the tube drain placement is associated with a higher risk of short and long-term symptomatic lymphocyst format... |
CD007169 | [
"18454611",
"14505443"
] | [
"The effect of music therapy on anxiety in patients who are terminally ill.",
"The effects of music therapy on the quality and length of life of people diagnosed with terminal cancer."
] | [
"The literature supporting the use of music therapy in palliative care is growing. However, the number of quantitative research studies investigating the use of music therapy in palliative care, and specifically anxiety, is limited.\n The aim of this research project was to examine the effectiveness ... | A limited number of studies suggest there may be a benefit of music therapy on the quality of life of people in end-of-life care. However, the results stem from studies with a high risk of bias. More research is needed. |
CD003955 | [
"3045281"
] | [
"Clinical trial of naloxone in birth asphyxia."
] | [
"To determine whether endogenous opiates play a role in the pathogenesis of perinatal asphyxia, a blinded clinical trial of naloxone, a competitive opiate receptor blocker, was undertaken in infants with low 1-minute Apgar scores. Of 85 infants with 1-minute Apgar score 0 to 3, 44 received an injection of naloxone ... | There are insufficient data available to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the routine use of naloxone for newborn infants of greater than 34 weeks' gestation with suspected perinatal asphyxia. A further randomised controlled trial is needed to determine if naloxone benefits newborn infants with suspected perina... |
CD006812 | [
"17822748",
"11063636",
"17290061"
] | [
"A gynecologic oncology group randomized phase III trial of whole abdominal irradiation (WAI) vs. cisplatin-ifosfamide and mesna (CIM) as post-surgical therapy in stage I-IV carcinosarcoma (CS) of the uterus.",
"A phase III trial of ifosfamide with or without cisplatin in carcinosarcoma of the uterus: A Gynecolog... | [
"After initial surgery, there has been no established consensus regarding adjunctive therapy for patients with uterine carcinosarcoma (CS). This study was designed to compare patient outcome following treatment with adjuvant whole abdominal irradiation (WAI) versus (vs.) chemotherapy for patients with this rare gro... | In advanced stage metastatic uterine carcinosarcoma as well as recurrent disease adjuvant combination, chemotherapy with ifosfamide should be considered. Combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide and paclitaxel is associated with lower risk of death compared with ifosfamide alone. In addition, radiotherapy to the abdome... |
CD001461 | [
"7020612"
] | [
"Azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind study of full versus half doses versus placebo."
] | [
"To test whether azathioprine in effective in rheumatoid arthritis in doses smaller than those normally used the drug was tested at 2 dosage levels, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/kg/day (2.5 AZ and 1.25 AZ), against placebo under double-blind conditions over 24 weeks. Dropouts were 7 out of 15 in the 2.5 AZ group, 4 out of 14 in... | Azathioprine appears to have a statistically significant benefit on the disease activity in joints of patients with RA. This evidence however is based on a small number of patients, included in older trials. Its effects on long-term functional status and radiological progression were not assessed due to lack of data. T... |
CD009890 | [
"18823799",
"19797987",
"19574065"
] | [
"A multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial of open reduction--internal fixation versus total elbow arthroplasty for displaced intra-articular distal humeral fractures in elderly patients.",
"Incidence, management, and prognosis of early ulnar nerve dysfunction in type C fractures of distal humerus.... | [
"We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to compare functional outcomes, complications, and reoperation rates in elderly patients with displaced intra-articular, distal humeral fractures treated with open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF) or primary semiconstrained total elbow arthroplasty (TEA). ... | Overall, this review found there is either no or insufficient evidence from randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials to determine whether surgery is, and which surgical interventions are, the most appropriate for the management of different types of distal humerus fractures. Well designed and reported large and... |
CD001997 | [
"8372870"
] | [
"Insulin-requiring diabetes in pregnancy: a randomized trial of active induction of labor and expectant management."
] | [
"Our purpose was to assess whether a program of expectant management of uncomplicated pregnancies in mothers with insulin-requiring gestational or pregestational class B reduces the incidence of cesarean birth.\n Two hundred women with uncomplicated, insulin-requiring diabetes at 38 weeks' gestation ... | The results of the single randomized controlled trial comparing elective delivery with expectant management at term in pregnant women with insulin-requiring diabetes show that induction of labour reduces the risk of macrosomia. The risk of maternal or neonatal morbidity was not different between groups, but, given the ... |
CD003298 | [
"6803118",
"16330203",
"6811710",
"6403808",
"6777653"
] | [
"A prospective randomized clinical trial of total parenteral nutrition in children with cancer.",
"Parenteral nutrition is not superior to replacement fluid therapy for the supportive treatment of chemotherapy induced oral mucositis in children.",
"Comparison of morbidity in children requiring abdominal radiati... | [
"A prospective randomized clinical trial was undertaken to test the efficacy of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) among previously untreated children receiving abdominal/pelvic irradiation with or without adjuvant chemotherapy who were at risk for weight loss, malnutrition, and complications from treatment. Children... | There is limited evidence from individual trials to suggest that parenteral nutrition is more effective than enteral nutrition in well-nourished children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The evidence for other methods of nutritional support remains unclear. No studies were identified comparing the ... |
CD002924 | [
"2139685",
"1553138",
"9195788",
"8455920",
"8248962",
"8852193",
"9832763",
"7936257",
"12006305",
"2258521",
"12161876",
"11057994",
"10918757"
] | [
"Measuring the impact of an acute stroke program on patient outcomes.",
"Clinical nurse specialists as collaborative care managers.",
"Evaluation of a critical pathway for stroke.",
"The critical path method in stroke rehabilitation: lessons from an experiment in cost containment and outcome improvement.",
... | [
"Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, affecting 400,000 persons annually. A uniform medical treatment is yet to be established. Little nursing research has been conducted which measures the impact of specific nursing interventions on patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to mea... | Use of stroke care pathways may be associated with positive and negative effects. Since most of the results have been derived from non-randomised studies, they are likely to be influenced by potential biases and confounding factors. There is currently insufficient supporting evidence to justify the routine implementati... |
CD006093 | [
"11999177",
"15831542",
"9743780",
"16893677",
"1958910",
"11903763",
"12757433",
"16929034",
"12950483"
] | [
"Real-time, evidence-based medicine instruction: a randomized controlled trial in a neonatal intensive care unit.",
"Failure of Internet-based audit and feedback to improve quality of care delivered by primary care residents.",
"The impact of an individual tutorial session on MEDLINE use among obstetrics and gy... | [
"The study assesses potential for improving residents' evidence-based medicine searching skills in MEDLINE through real-time librarian instruction.\n Ten residents on a rotation in a neonatal intensive care unit participated.\n Residents were randomized into an instruction and a non-in... | There is very limited evidence on effective interventions promoting the adoption of ICTs by healthcare professionals. Small effects have been reported for interventions targeting the use of electronic databases and digital libraries. The effectiveness of interventions to promote ICT adoption in healthcare settings rema... |
CD005001 | [
"11157015",
"3399417",
"9243585",
"15484202",
"2587289",
"15774341"
] | [
"Structured exercise improves physical functioning in women with stages I and II breast cancer: results of a randomized controlled trial.",
"The effect of aerobic exercise on patient reports of nausea.",
"Effects of exercise on fatigue, physical functioning, and emotional distress during radiation therapy for b... | [
"Self-directed and supervised exercise were compared with usual care in a clinical trial designed to evaluate the effect of structured exercise on physical functioning and other dimensions of health-related quality of life in women with stages I and II breast cancer.\n One hundred twenty-three women ... | Exercise during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer can be regarded as a supportive self-care intervention which results in improved physical fitness and thus the capacity for performing activities of daily life, which may otherwise be impaired due to inactivity during treatment. Improvements in fatigue were ambiguous... |
CD006048 | [
"9210279",
"17364418",
"10883563"
] | [
"Feminist-cognitive-behavioral and process-psychodynamic treatments for men who batter: interaction of abuser traits and treatment models.",
"A cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol-dependent domestic violence offenders: an integrated substance abuse-domestic violence treatment approach (SADV).",
"The San Di... | [
"At a community-based domestic violence program, 218 men with a history of partner abuse were randomly assigned to either feminist-cognitive-behavioral or process-psychodynamic group treatments. The treatments were not hypothesized to differ in outcome. However, men with particular characteristics were expected to ... | There are still too few randomised controlled trials to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for male perpetrators of domestic violence. |
CD008066 | [
"15919846",
"18055007",
"16950654",
"12610030",
"11211636"
] | [
"Transtheoretical model-chronic disease care for obesity in primary care: a randomized trial.",
"Transtheoretical model-based multiple behavior intervention for weight management: effectiveness on a population basis.",
"Comparison of two email-delivered, pedometer-based interventions to promote walking among in... | [
"To compare health benefits achieved in a transtheoretical model-chronic disease (TM-CD) minimal intervention for obesity vs. augmented usual care (AUC). Research Method and Procedures: This was a 2-year, randomized clinical trial with overweight or obese men and women from 15 primary care sites. AUC (n = 336) incl... | TTM SOC and a combination of physical activity, diet and other interventions resulted in minimal weight loss, and there was no conclusive evidence for sustainable weight loss. The impact of TTM SOC as theoretical framework in weight loss management may depend on how it is used as a framework for intervention and in com... |
CD007330 | [
"16640064"
] | [
"Outcomes of clinical trial: tinnitus masking versus tinnitus retraining therapy."
] | [
"A controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate prospectively the clinical efficacy of tinnitus masking (TM) and tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) in military veterans having clinically significant tinnitus. Qualifying patients were placed into the two groups in an alternating manner (to avoid selection bias... | A single, low-quality randomised controlled trial suggests that TRT is much more effective as a treatment for patients with tinnitus than tinnitus masking. |
CD004926 | [
"17094744",
"6193578"
] | [
"Forced versus minimal intravenous hydration in the management of acute renal colic: a randomized trial.",
"Acute ureteral colic and fluid intake."
] | [
"The management of acute renal colic is a problem commonly encountered by both urologists and emergency medicine physicians. The classic approach to managing uncomplicated acute renal colic involves hydration, along with imaging and pain control. Previous studies have suggested that hydration has a significant impa... | We found no reliable evidence in the literature to support the use of diuretics and high volume fluid therapy for people with acute ureteric colic. However, given the potential positive therapeutic impact of fluids and diuretics to facilitate stone passage, the capacity of these interventions warrants further investiga... |
CD009191 | [
"9576406"
] | [
"A randomized trial of captopril for microalbuminuria in normotensive adults with sickle cell anemia."
] | [
"Nephropathy is a common complication of sickle cell anemia and is often preceded by proteinurea. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on microalbuminuria in sickle cell patients.\n We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 22 normo... | There is not enough evidence to show that the administration of ACE inhibitors is associated with a reduction of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in people with sickle cell disease, although a potential for this was seen. More long-term studies involving multiple centers and larger cohorts using a randomized-controlled... |
CD005575 | [
"12011193",
"17699538",
"12495948",
"19413910",
"16795653",
"18835404"
] | [
"\"Walk in to Work Out\": a randomised controlled trial of a self help intervention to promote active commuting.",
"Promoting walking to school: results of a quasi-experimental trial.",
"Randomised controlled trial of site specific advice on school travel patterns.",
"Pilot evaluation of a walking school bus ... | [
"Study objective: To determine if a self help intervention, delivered via written interactive materials (the \"Walk in to Work Out\" pack), could increase active commuting behaviour (walking and cycling). Design: Randomised controlled trial. The intervention group received the \"Walk in to Work Out\" pack, which co... | There is insufficient evidence to determine whether organisational travel plans are effective for improving health or changing travel mode. Organisational travel plans should be considered as complex health promotion interventions, with considerable potential to influence community health outcomes depending on the envi... |
CD007535 | [
"18543483"
] | [
"[Treatment of refractory polycystic ovary syndrome by bushen huoxue method combined with ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration]."
] | [
"To observe the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine Bushen Houxue (BSHX) method combined with ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration (MFA) in treating refractory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).\n Forty-four patients with PCOS were randomly assigned to two groups by randomizing digital ta... | There is limited evidence that the addition of CHM to clomiphene is associated with improved clinical pregnancy outcomes and no other evidence of any other effect. The methodology of RCTs was not adequately reported by primary studies. |
CD006324 | [
"18562423",
"17526456"
] | [
"Efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone versus risperidone as augmentation in patients partially responsive to clozapine: a randomised controlled clinical trial.",
"Comparison of clozapine-amisulpride and clozapine-quetiapine combinations for patients with schizophrenia who are partially responsive to clozapine... | [
"Patients suffering from schizophrenic psychoses sometimes insufficiently respond to antipsychotic monotherapy and then combination approaches are preferred. We aimed in validating the add-on of ziprasidone and risperidone to clozapine, and we performed a randomised head-to-head trial. Patients with partial respons... | In this review we considered the risk of bias too high because of the poor quality of the retrieved information (small sample size, heterogeneity of comparisons, flaws in the design, conduct and analysis). Although clinical guidelines recommend a second antipsychotic in addition to clozapine in partially responsive pat... |
CD004446 | [
"9915528",
"10528595",
"16934640"
] | [
"Increased efficiency and cost-effectiveness in the evaluation of the blunt abdominal trauma patient with the use of ultrasound.",
"Prospective evidence of the superiority of a sonography-based algorithm in the assessment of blunt abdominal injury.",
"Randomized controlled clinical trial of point-of-care, limit... | [
"The efficacy and effectiveness of ultrasound (US) in evaluating patients suspected of having blunt abdominal trauma are near that of computed tomography (CT) and diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL). Because no cost-effectiveness study has been reported, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate that US is more e... | There is currently insufficient evidence from RCTs to justify promotion of ultrasound-based clinical pathways in diagnosing patients with suspected blunt abdominal trauma. |
CD000208 | [
"17685739",
"3043555",
"3013033",
"1357701",
"9015796",
"1868860",
"7003639",
"2865766"
] | [
"Efficacy of piracetam in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.",
"The effect of ceruletide on tardive dyskinesia: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.",
"Essential fatty acid supplementation in tardive dyskinesia.",
... | [
"Piracetam is a potent antioxidant, a cerebral neuroprotector, a neuronal metabolic enhancer, and a brain integrative agent. More than 20 years ago, an intravenous preparation of piracetam demonstrated an improvement in the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia. The aim of our study was to reexamine the efficacy of pirace... | There is no strong evidence to support the everyday use of any of the agents included in this review. All results must be considered inconclusive and these compounds probably should only be used within the context of a well-designed evaluative study. |
CD008088 | [
"18556683"
] | [
"Anti-TNF-alpha treatment for deep endometriosis-associated pain: a randomized placebo-controlled trial."
] | [
"Endometriosis is associated with an inflammatory response. Hence infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, might relieve pain.\n A randomized placebo-controlled trial was designed with 21 women with severe pain and a rectovaginal nodule of at least 1 cm. After 1 month of observation, three ... | This review was updated in 2012. The results of the original review published in 2010 remain unchanged. There is still not enough evidence to support the use of anti-TNF-α drugs in the management of women with endometriosis for the relief of pelvic pain. |
CD001220 | [
"7658778",
"10028980",
"17388666"
] | [
"Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: randomised controlled trial.",
"Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomised community trial. Rakai Project Study Group.",
"Impact and process evaluation of integrated commu... | [
"A randomised trial was done to evaluate the impact of improved sexually transmitted disease (STD) case management at primary health care level on the incidence of HIV infection in the rural Mwanza region of Tanzania. HIV incidence was compared in six intervention communities and six pair-matched comparison communi... | We failed to confirm the hypothesis that STI control is an effective HIV prevention strategy. Improved STI treatment services were shown in one study to reduce HIV incidence in an environment characterised by an emerging HIV epidemic (low and slowly rising prevalence), where STI treatment services were poor and where S... |
CD005395 | [
"2679115",
"9870617"
] | [
"Placebo effect in surgery for Menière's disease: nine-year follow-up.",
"The non-specific effect of endolymphatic sac surgery in treatment of Meniere's disease: a prospective, randomized controlled study comparing \"classic\" endolymphatic sac surgery with the insertion of a ventilating tube in the tympanic memb... | [
"A 9-year follow-up report of our study on endolymphatic shunt procedure versus mastoidectomy is presented. Success has been maintained in about 70% of the patients in both groups and no significant differences between the two groups have been found.",
"A prospective, randomized study was carried out comparing th... | The two trials included in this review provide insufficient evidence of the beneficial effect of endolymphatic sac surgery in Ménière's disease. |
CD001838 | [
"1761665",
"16844491",
"8822431",
"8458457",
"8866392",
"1760422",
"8299789",
"7589657",
"15654136",
"9895397",
"2245833",
"10615885"
] | [
"The ESHRE multicentre trial on the treatment of unexplained infertility: a preliminary report. European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.",
"Intrauterine insemination with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation versus expectant management for couples with unexplained subfertility and an intermediate pro... | [
"Nineteen European fertility centres participated in a controlled randomized trial aimed at comparing the effectiveness of five methods for the treatment of unexplained infertility. Each centre was invited to employ two of the five treatments being investigated, and the treatment allocated to individual patients wa... | There is evidence that IUI with OH increases the live birth rate compared to IUI alone. The likelihood of pregnancy was also increased for treatment with IUI compared to TI in stimulated cycles. One adequately powered multicentre trial showed no evidence of effect of IUI in natural cycles compared with expectant manage... |
CD001470 | [
"6349256",
"390972",
"406212",
"6931470",
"2870944",
"8104468",
"3298419",
"387151",
"6818587",
"1096541",
"3446307",
"3788652"
] | [
"Comparative double-blind study of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the treatment of patients relapsing in a schizophrenic symptomatology.",
"A double-blind comparison of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia.",
"Clinical and social compa... | [
"Thirty-two chronic schizophrenics who had relapsed entered a double-blind randomised study and were followed-up for 2 years with the intention of measuring any difference in therapeutic effect and side effects between flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate. No differences could be seen as regards the gl... | From the data reported in clinical trials, it would be understandable if those suffering from schizophrenia, who are willing to take flupenthixol decanoate, would request the standard dose rather than the high dose. In the current state of evidence, there is nothing to choose between flupenthixol decanoate and other de... |
CD000422 | [
"9382120",
"1944423",
"12825175",
"21973",
"16941367",
"9482293",
"15825026",
"3545418",
"16227328",
"3770039",
"18585831",
"6380367",
"3914014",
"20723631",
"69058",
"3608590",
"12724480",
"3534568"
] | [
"Clinical efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in the elderly: a randomized, single-blind population-based trial.",
"The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.",
"Effectiveness of the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in Navajo adults.",
"Protec... | [
"To study the efficacy of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine among the elderly by use of a population-based intervention in one township, Varkaus, Eastern Finland.\n A randomized, controlled trial in which elderly inhabitants (aged 60 years or older) of the catchment area were randomized to... | This meta-analysis provides evidence supporting the recommendation for PPV to prevent IPD in adults. The evidence from RCTs is less clear with respect to adults with chronic illness. This might be because of lack of effect or lack of power in the studies. The meta-analysis does not provide evidence to support the routi... |
CD001830 | [
"19341577",
"8152983",
"16352882",
"18086027",
"22353457",
"20848004",
"8746143",
"11515644",
"16304443",
"19055885",
"17091660",
"8529341",
"7608367",
"15587100",
"278700",
"374449",
"3133616",
"9511837",
"22736448",
"22300651",
"277401",
"9161190",
"11491626",
"151957... | [
"Effectiveness of a glass ionomer cement used as a pit and fissure sealant in recently erupted permanent first molars.",
"A clinical trial to evaluate the retention of a silver cermet-ionomer cement used as a fissure sealant.",
"Caries-preventive effect of a one-time application of composite resin and glass ion... | [
"This study's purpose was to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) used as an occlusal sealant on recently erupted permanent first molars.\n A double-blind, randomized, controlled, clinical trial was undertaken that included 36 5- to 8-year-olds (and 92 permanent first... | The application of sealants is a recommended procedure to prevent or control caries. Sealing the occlusal surfaces of permanent molars in children and adolescents reduces caries up to 48 months when compared to no sealant, after longer follow-up the quantity and quality of the evidence is reduced. The review revealed t... |
MR000006 | [
"1727960",
"9310565",
"9723823",
"9450711"
] | [
"Factors influencing publication of research results. Follow-up of applications submitted to two institutional review boards.",
"Publication bias: evidence of delayed publication in a cohort study of clinical research projects.",
"Bias in reporting clinical trials.",
"Effect of the statistical significance of... | [
"--To investigate factors associated with the publication of research findings, in particular, the association between \"significant\" results and publication.\n --Follow-up study.\n --Studies approved in 1980 or prior to 1980 by the two institutional review boards that serve The Johns... | Trials with positive findings are published more often, and more quickly, than trials with negative findings. |
CD000944 | [
"2205286"
] | [
"The implications of introducing the symphyseal-fundal height-measurement. A prospective randomized controlled trial."
] | [
"A total of 1639 women attending the antenatal clinic of Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, during 1986-1987 was randomized into a symphyseal fundal (SF)-group and a control group. The women in the SF-group had their fundal height measured from the 29th week until delivery. The measurements were used along w... | There is not enough evidence to evaluate the use of symphysis-fundal height measurements during antenatal care. |
CD009094 | [
"15686063",
"12017833",
"10151841",
"15112007",
"10155878",
"15237660",
"8153968",
"15746218",
"8571154",
"8356485",
"11477970",
"12135994",
"12973646",
"1354792"
] | [
"The impact of user fee exemption on service utilization and treatment seeking behaviour: the case of malaria in Sudan.",
"User charges and utilisation of obstetric services in the National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.",
"The impact of alternative cost recovery schemes on access and equity in Niger.",
... | [
"This experimental study was undertaken to assess the effect of different levels of exemption, 25%, 50% and 75%, from health centre user fees on health service utilization and treatment seeking behaviour for malaria by a high risk group of pregnant women and children under 5 years. These are groups in need of speci... | The review suggests that reducing or removing user fees increases the utilisation of certain healthcare services. However, emerging evidence suggests that such a change may have unintended consequences on utilisation of preventive services and service quality. The review also found that introducing or increasing fees c... |
CD004218 | [
"10441604",
"14872039"
] | [
"Phenobarbital compared with phenytoin for the treatment of neonatal seizures.",
"Second-line anticonvulsant treatment of neonatal seizures: a video-EEG monitoring study."
] | [
"Seizures occur in 1 to 2 percent of neonates admitted to an intensive care unit. The treatment is usually with either phenobarbital or phenytoin, but the efficacy of the two drugs has not been compared directly.\n From 1990 to 1995, we studied 59 neonates with seizures that were confirmed by electro... | At present there is little evidence from randomised controlled trials to support the use of any of the anticonvulsants currently used in the neonatal period. In the literature, there remains a body of opinion that seizures should be treated because of the concern that seizures in themselves may be harmful, although thi... |
CD003953 | [
"8970221"
] | [
"Fluconazole vs. amphotericin B for the treatment of neonatal fungal septicemia: a prospective randomized trial."
] | [
"Fungal septicemia is a devastating disease in the neonate, especially in the low birth weight preterm infant who is especially vulnerable to disseminated fungal sepsis. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and overall convenience of fluconazole vs. amphotericin B for the treatment of dis... | There are insufficient data to inform practice. Large randomised controlled trials are required to compare antifungal drugs, drug preparations or drug combinations for treating newborn infants with invasive fungal infection. |
CD000072 | [
"9434669",
"16084925",
"15603634",
"15018343",
"9708578"
] | [
"The impact of regular multidisciplinary team interventions on psychotropic prescribing in Swedish nursing homes.",
"Can a facilitated programme promote effective multidisciplinary audit in secondary care teams? An exploratory trial.",
"Benefits of multidisciplinary case conferencing using audiovisual compared ... | [
"To evaluate the impact of regular multidisciplinary team interventions on the quantity and quality of psychotropic drug prescribing in Swedish nursing homes.\n A randomized controlled trial.\n A sample of 33 nursing homes: 15 experimental homes and 18 control homes representing 5% of ... | In this updated review, we found five studies (four new studies) that met the inclusion criteria. The review suggests that practice-based IPC interventions can improve healthcare processes and outcomes, but due to the limitations in terms of the small number of studies, sample sizes, problems with conceptualising and m... |
CD000013 | [
"1951565",
"15913621",
"9332992",
"4050895",
"8765270",
"19517694",
"12706276",
"1453405",
"2758900",
"10192481",
"2008006",
"3904456",
"2193511",
"2187344",
"10023873"
] | [
"Prophylactic amnioinfusion as a treatment for oligohydramnios in laboring patients: a prospective, randomized trial.",
"Therapeutic amnioinfusion for intrapartum fetal distress using a pediatric feeding tube.",
"Lipid peroxidation in cord blood: a randomised sequential pairs study of prophylactic saline amnioi... | [
"Prophylactic amnioinfusion was studied in a randomized sample of 305 patients with oligohydramnios in labor. One hundred seventy-five patients underwent amnioinfusion with the remainder serving as controls. Amniotic fluid was titrated to an amniotic fluid index greater than 10.0 cm in the treatment group. Patients... | The use of amnioinfusion for potential or suspected umbilical cord compression may be of considerable benefit to mother and baby by reducing the occurrence of variable FHR decelerations, improving short-term measures of neonatal outcome, reducing maternal postpartum endometritis and lowering the use of caesarean sectio... |
CD002837 | [
"9448611",
"14526151",
"16149365",
"17650935",
"12358242",
"17164546",
"11882400"
] | [
"Enteral nutrition is superior to parenteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis: results of a randomized prospective trial.",
"A randomised clinical trial to assess the effect of total enteral and total parenteral nutritional support on metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative markers in patients with predicted ... | [
"Parenteral nutrition is well established for providing nutritional support in acute pancreatitis while avoiding pancreatic stimulation. However, it is associated with complications and high cost. Benefits of enteral feeding in other disease states prompted a comparison of early enteral feeding with total parentera... | In patients with acute pancreatitis, enteral nutrition significantly reduced mortality, multiple organ failure, systemic infections, and the need for operative interventions compared to those who received TPN. In addition, there was a trend towards a reduction in length of hospital stay. These data suggest that EN shou... |
CD006289 | [
"15848990",
"16697231",
"17045832",
"8821521"
] | [
"A double-blind treatment study of bacterial vaginosis with normal vaginal lactobacilli after an open treatment with vaginal clindamycin ovules.",
"Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomize... | [
"The expected 4-week cure rate after conventional treatment of bacterial vaginosis are only 65-70%. In an attempt to improve the cure rate by adding probiotic lactobacilli we performed a double-blind placebo-controlled study of adjuvant lactobacilli treatment after an open treatment with vaginal clindamycin ovules.... | The results do not provide sufficient evidence for or against recommending probiotics for the treatment of BV. The metronidazole/probiotic regimen and probiotic/estriol perparation appear promising but well-designed randomized controlled trials with standardized methodologies and larger patient size are needed. |
CD005114 | [
"10342710",
"12428233",
"8849355",
"15529389",
"15452837",
"16373258",
"12124866"
] | [
"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of dehydroepiandrosterone in severe systemic lupus erythematosus.",
"Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment of women with mild-to-moderate systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Dehydroepiandrosterone in sy... | [
"To determine if dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is beneficial in severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).\n A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial in 21 patients with severe and active SLE, manifestated primarily by nephritis, serositis or hematological abnormalities. In add... | Studying effectiveness of DHEA for SLE is difficult, reflecting the problems of studying any treatment for a disease as complex as SLE. From the seven RCTs to date, there was evidence that DHEA had a modest but clinically significant impact on health related quality of life in the short term. Impact on disease activity... |
CD008070 | [
"15321573",
"12566183",
"15177859"
] | [
"Upright versus recumbent position in the second stage of labour in women with combined spinal-epidural analgesia.",
"Ambulatory epidural anesthesia and the duration of labor.",
"A prospective randomised trial on the effect of position in the passive second stage of labour on birth outcome in nulliparous women ... | [
"Neuraxial blockade is widely used for pain relief in labour. This form of analgesia may be associated with an increase in instrumental delivery rates due to dystocia. 'Traditional' epidurals cause motor blockade and hence immobility. Using a low dose anaesthetic-opioid combination with either epidural or combined ... | There are insufficient data to say anything conclusive about the effect of position for the second stage of labour for women with epidural analgesia. Women with an epidural should be encouraged to use whatever position they find comfortable in the second stage of labour. Future research should involve large trials of p... |
CD004017 | [
"1880885",
"8620707",
"10759446",
"12953145",
"7743622",
"9112877",
"9052565"
] | [
"Group- vs home-based exercise training in healthy older men and women. A community-based clinical trial.",
"A comparison between an outpatient hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation program and a home-care pulmonary rehabilitation program in patients with COPD. A follow-up of 18 months.",
"Comparison of effec... | [
"--To determine the effectiveness of group- vs home-based exercise training of higher and lower intensities among healthy, sedentary older adults.\n --Year-long randomized, controlled trial comparing (1) higher-intensity group-based exercise training; (2) higher-intensity home-based exercise training... | In the short-term, center based programs are superior to home based programs in patients with PVD. There is a high possibility of a training effect however as the center based groups were trained primarily on treadmills (and the home based were not) and the outcome measures were treadmill based. There is conflicting ev... |
CD003327 | [
"1739177",
"9687996",
"16041208",
"12145577",
"8725454",
"3103731",
"2039294",
"9449869",
"8535807",
"8598755"
] | [
"Precholecystectomy endoscopic cholangiography and stone removal is not superior to cholecystectomy, cholangiography, and common duct exploration.",
"Surgery vs endoscopy as primary treatment in symptomatic patients with suspected common bile duct stones: a multicenter randomized trial. French Associations for Su... | [
"Thirty-four patients with suspected common bile duct stones were randomized to undergo endoscopic cholangiography and stone removal prior to open cholecystectomy or to have open cholecystectomy, operative cholangiography, and common bile duct exploration. Sixteen underwent the first protocol, and 18 the second. An... | In the era of open cholecystectomy, open bile duct surgery was superior to ERCP in achieving CBD stone clearance. In the laparoscopic era, data are close to excluding a significant difference between laparoscopic and ERCP clearance of CBD stones. The use of ERCP necessitates increased number of procedures per patient. |
CD006343 | [
"10072411",
"18679151",
"9332329",
"10864055",
"15530193",
"9709879"
] | [
"Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group.",
"Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for pediatric patients with invasive candidiasis: substudy of a randomized double-blind trial.... | [
"In patients with persistent fever and neutropenia, amphotericin B is administered empirically for the early treatment and prevention of clinically occult invasive fungal infections. However, breakthrough fungal infections can develop despite treatment, and amphotericin B has substantial toxicity.\n ... | Limited paediatric data are available comparing antifungal agents in children with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infection. No differences in mortality or treatment efficacy were observed when antifungal agents were compared. Children are less likely to develop nephrotoxicity with a lipid preparation of... |
CD008666 | [
"20776417",
"7901636",
"12495257",
"12173139",
"10465076",
"20435345",
"11303488",
"12097669",
"10037634",
"12891825",
"15956998",
"16359410",
"16579803",
"5889786",
"11488938",
"15531679"
] | [
"DIET AS A PROPHYLACTIC AGENT AGAINST PUERPERAL SEPSIS.",
"Supplementation with vitamin A and iron for nutritional anaemia in pregnant women in West Java, Indonesia.",
"Effect of low-dosage vitamin A and riboflavin on iron-folate supplementation in anaemic pregnant women.",
"Antenatal vitamin A supplementatio... | [
"nan",
"Nutritional anaemia, thought to be caused by iron deficiency, affects 50-70% of pregnant women in the developing world. The influence of vitamin A and iron supplementation was studied in anaemic pregnant women in West Java, in a randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled field trial. 251 women aged 17-... | The pooled results of two large trials in Nepal and Ghana (with almost 95,000 women) do not currently suggest a role for antenatal vitamin A supplementation to reduce maternal or perinatal mortality. However the populations studied were probably different with regard to baseline vitamin A status and there were problems... |
CD009834 | [
"17050564"
] | [
"Clarithromycin in the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial."
] | [
"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. To date, there is no effective therapy for RSV bronchiolitis. In order to investigate the efficacy of clarithromycin in the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis, the present authors conducted a randomised, do... | There is currently insufficient evidence to inform whether antibiotics should be used to treat or prevent persistent respiratory symptoms in the post-acute bronchiolitis phase. Future RCTs that evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics to reduce persistent respiratory symptoms are required, especially in areas where both ac... |
CD005128 | [
"16887443",
"14634864",
"1343079",
"2264475"
] | [
"Early prednisone therapy in Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: course of disease and efficacy of cyclophosphamide.",
"Effectiveness of early prednisone treatment in preventing the development of nephropathy in anaphylactoid pur... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy of early prednisone therapy in preventing renal and treating extrarenal and renal symptoms in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) in a placebo-controlled trial.\n A total of 171 patients (84 treated with prednisone and 87 receiving placebo) were included and followed up for 6 mon... | Data from RCTs for any intervention used in improve kidney outcomes in children with HSP are very sparse except for short-term prednisone. There was no evidence of benefit of prednisone in preventing serious long-term kidney disease in HSP. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.