Datasets:

allenai
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scifact_entailment

claim_id int32 0 1.41k	claim stringlengths 26 249	abstract_id int32 5.84k 196M	title stringlengths 7 264	abstract sequence	verdict stringclasses 3 values	evidence sequence
0	0-dimensional biomaterials lack inductive properties.	31,715,818	New opportunities: the use of nanotechnologies to manipulate and track stem cells.	[ "Nanotechnologies are emerging platforms that could be useful in measuring, understanding, and manipulating stem cells.", "Examples include magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots for stem cell labeling and in vivo tracking; nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and polyplexes for the intracellular delivery of genes/o...	NEI	[]
2	1 in 5 million in UK have abnormal PrP positivity.	13,734,012	Prevalent abnormal prion protein in human appendixes after bovine spongiform encephalopathy epizootic: large scale survey	[ "OBJECTIVES To carry out a further survey of archived appendix samples to understand better the differences between existing estimates of the prevalence of subclinical infection with prions after the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epizootic and to see whether a broader birth cohort was affected, and to understand...	CONTRADICT	[ 4 ]
4	1-1% of colorectal cancer patients are diagnosed with regional or distant metastases.	22,942,787	Relation between Medicare screening reimbursement and stage at diagnosis for older patients with colon cancer.	[ "CONTEXT Medicare's reimbursement policy was changed in 1998 to provide coverage for screening colonoscopies for patients with increased colon cancer risk, and expanded further in 2001 to cover screening colonoscopies for all individuals.", "OBJECTIVE To determine whether the Medicare reimbursement policy changes...	NEI	[]
6	10% of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) deaths happen in newborns aged less than 6 months.	2,613,775	Sudden infant death syndrome.	[ "Despite declines in prevalence during the past two decades, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) continues to be the leading cause of death for infants aged between 1 month and 1 year in developed countries.", "Behavioural risk factors identified in epidemiological studies include prone and side positions for inf...	NEI	[]
9	32% of liver transplantation programs required patients to discontinue methadone treatment in 2001.	44,265,107	Liver transplantation and opioid dependence.	[ "ContextChronic hepatitis C is the leading cause for liver transplantation in the United States.", "Intravenous drug use, the major risk factor, accounts for approximately 60% of hepatitis C virus transmission.", "Information from the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) does not address substance use among l...	SUPPORT	[ 15 ]
10	4-PBA treatment decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress in response to general endoplasmic reticulum stress markers.	32,587,939	Wolfram syndrome 1 and adenylyl cyclase 8 interact at the plasma membrane to regulate insulin production and secretion	[ "Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and contributes to β-cell loss and the progression of type 2 diabetes.", "Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) has been shown to be an important regulator of the ER stress signalling pathway; however, its role in β-cell function remains unclear.", "He...	NEI	[]
11	4-PBA treatment raises endoplasmic reticulum stress in response to general endoplasmic reticulum stress markers.	32,587,939	Wolfram syndrome 1 and adenylyl cyclase 8 interact at the plasma membrane to regulate insulin production and secretion	[ "Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and contributes to β-cell loss and the progression of type 2 diabetes.", "Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) has been shown to be an important regulator of the ER stress signalling pathway; however, its role in β-cell function remains unclear.", "He...	NEI	[]
12	40mg/day dosage of folic acid and 2mg/day dosage of vitamin B12 does not affect chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.	33,409,100	Effect of homocysteine lowering on mortality and vascular disease in advanced chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: a randomized controlled trial.	[ "CONTEXT High plasma homocysteine levels are a risk factor for mortality and vascular disease in observational studies of patients with chronic kidney disease.", "Folic acid and B vitamins decrease homocysteine levels in this population but whether they lower mortality is unknown.", "OBJECTIVE To determine whet...	SUPPORT	[ 8, 12 ]
14	5'-nucleotidase metabolizes 6MP.	641,786	Relapse specific mutations in NT5C2 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia	[ "Relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) carries a poor prognosis, despite intensive retreatment, owing to intrinsic drug resistance.", "The biological pathways that mediate resistance are unknown.", "Here, we report the transcriptome profiles of matched diagnosis and relapse bone marrow specimens...	NEI	[]
15	50% of patients exposed to radiation have activated markers of mesenchymal stem cells.	22,080,671	KLF4-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells has a key role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis	[ "Previous studies investigating the role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have provided controversial results owing to the use of unreliable methods for clearly identifying each of these cell types.", "Here, using Myh11-CreERT2 ROSA floxed STOP eYFP Apoe−/− mice...	NEI	[]
17	53% of perinatal mortality is due to low birth weight.	1,606,628	Estimates of global prevalence of childhood underweight in 1990 and 2015.	[ "CONTEXT One key target of the United Nations Millennium Development goals is to reduce the prevalence of underweight among children younger than 5 years by half between 1990 and 2015.", "OBJECTIVE To estimate trends in childhood underweight by geographic regions of the world.", "DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPAN...	NEI	[]
18	61% of colorectal cancer patients are diagnosed with regional or distant metastases.	22,942,787	Relation between Medicare screening reimbursement and stage at diagnosis for older patients with colon cancer.	[ "CONTEXT Medicare's reimbursement policy was changed in 1998 to provide coverage for screening colonoscopies for patients with increased colon cancer risk, and expanded further in 2001 to cover screening colonoscopies for all individuals.", "OBJECTIVE To determine whether the Medicare reimbursement policy changes...	NEI	[]
19	7-day-old adult Caenorhabditis elegans exhibit approximately 5% of the learning capacity seen in 1-day old adults.	3,202,143	Insulin Signaling and Dietary Restriction Differentially Influence the Decline of Learning and Memory with Age	[ "Of all the age-related declines, memory loss is one of the most devastating.", "While conditions that increase longevity have been identified, the effects of these longevity-promoting factors on learning and memory are unknown.", "Here we show that the C. elegans Insulin/IGF-1 receptor mutant daf-2 improves me...	NEI	[]
20	7-day-old adult Caenorhabditis elegans exhibit approximately 75% of the learning capacity seen in 1-day old adults.	3,202,143	Insulin Signaling and Dietary Restriction Differentially Influence the Decline of Learning and Memory with Age	[ "Of all the age-related declines, memory loss is one of the most devastating.", "While conditions that increase longevity have been identified, the effects of these longevity-promoting factors on learning and memory are unknown.", "Here we show that the C. elegans Insulin/IGF-1 receptor mutant daf-2 improves me...	NEI	[]
21	70% of burn patients are admitted for hospitalization and further treatment after appearing at hospital emergency wards or outpatient clinics.	41,493,639	ABC of burns. Introduction.	[ "Burns are one of the most devastating conditions encountered in medicine.", "The injury represents an assault on all aspects of the patient, from the physical to the psychological.", "It affects all ages, from babies to elderly people, and is a problem in both the developed and developing world.", "All of us...	NEI	[]
22	76-85% of people with severe mental disorder receive no treatment in low and middle income countries.	6,490,571	Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.	[ "CONTEXT Little is known about the extent or severity of untreated mental disorders, especially in less-developed countries.", "OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in 14 countries (6 less devel...	SUPPORT	[ 7 ]
24	90% of patients with melanoma and an objective response to PD-1 blockade will experience a progression in their melanoma.	3,471,191	Association of Pembrolizumab With Tumor Response and Survival Among Patients With Advanced Melanoma.	[ "IMPORTANCE The programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway limits immune responses to melanoma and can be blocked with the humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab.", "OBJECTIVE To characterize the association of pembrolizumab with tumor response and overall survival among patients with advanced melanoma.", ...	NEI	[]
25	90% of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) deaths happen in newborns aged less than 6 months.	2,613,775	Sudden infant death syndrome.	[ "Despite declines in prevalence during the past two decades, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) continues to be the leading cause of death for infants aged between 1 month and 1 year in developed countries.", "Behavioural risk factors identified in epidemiological studies include prone and side positions for inf...	NEI	[]
26	A 100g dose of chloroquine chemoprophylactic regimen results in retinal toxicity after 1 year of weekly intake.	32,390,525	Prevention of malaria in long-term travelers.	[ "CONTEXT Long-term travelers, defined here as those traveling for periods of 6 months or longer, face particular challenges regarding malaria prevention.", "Current guidelines for malaria prevention primarily address prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infections in short-term travelers.", "OBJECTIVES To examin...	NEI	[]
27	A 100g dose of chloroquine chemoprophylactic regimen results in retinal toxicity after 5-6 years of weekly intake.	32,390,525	Prevention of malaria in long-term travelers.	[ "CONTEXT Long-term travelers, defined here as those traveling for periods of 6 months or longer, face particular challenges regarding malaria prevention.", "Current guidelines for malaria prevention primarily address prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infections in short-term travelers.", "OBJECTIVES To examin...	NEI	[]
28	A T helper 2 cell (Th2) environment impedes disease development in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).	12,670,680	BASOPHILS AND THE T HELPER 2 ENVIRONMENT CAN PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF LUPUS NEPHRITIS	[ "In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), self-reactive antibodies can target the kidney (lupus nephritis), leading to functional failure and possible mortality.", "We report that activation of basophils by autoreactive IgE causes their homing to lymph nodes, promoting T helper type 2 (T(H)2) cell differentiation a...	CONTRADICT	[ 1, 2, 4 ]
30	A breast cancer patient's capacity to metabolize tamoxifen influences treatment outcome.	24,341,590	Association between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and outcomes among women with early stage breast cancer treated with tamoxifen.	[ "CONTEXT The growth inhibitory effect of tamoxifen, which is used for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, is mediated by its metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen.", "The formation of active metabolites is catalyzed by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme.", "OBJECTI...	SUPPORT	[ 10, 11, 12, 13 ]
32	A country's Vaccine Alliance (GAVI) eligibility is not indictivate of accelerated adoption of the Hub vaccine.	12,428,497	Accelerating Policy Decisions to Adopt Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine: A Global, Multivariable Analysis	[ "BACKGROUND Adoption of new and underutilized vaccines by national immunization programs is an essential step towards reducing child mortality.", "Policy decisions to adopt new vaccines in high mortality countries often lag behind decisions in high-income countries.", "Using the case of Haemophilus influenzae t...	CONTRADICT	[ 8 ]
34	A deficiency of folate increases blood levels of homocysteine.	11,705,328	Randomized trial of folic acid supplementation and serum homocysteine levels.	[ "BACKGROUND Lowering serum homocysteine levels with folic acid is expected to reduce mortality from ischemic heart disease.", "Homocysteine reduction is known to be maximal at a folic acid dosage of 1 mg/d, but the effect of lower doses (relevant to food fortification) is unclear.", "METHODS We randomized 151 p...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
35	A deficiency of vitamin B12 decreases blood levels of homocysteine.	5,152,028	Folic acid improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease via mechanisms largely independent of homocysteine lowering.	[ "BACKGROUND Homocysteine is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), although a causal relation remains to be proven.", "The importance of determining direct causality rests in the fact that plasma homocysteine can be safely and inexpensively reduced by 25% with folic acid.", "This reduction is maximall...	NEI	[]
35	A deficiency of vitamin B12 decreases blood levels of homocysteine.	11,705,328	Randomized trial of folic acid supplementation and serum homocysteine levels.	[ "BACKGROUND Lowering serum homocysteine levels with folic acid is expected to reduce mortality from ischemic heart disease.", "Homocysteine reduction is known to be maximal at a folic acid dosage of 1 mg/d, but the effect of lower doses (relevant to food fortification) is unclear.", "METHODS We randomized 151 p...	NEI	[]
37	A deficiency of vitamin B6 decreases blood levels of homocysteine.	5,152,028	Folic acid improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease via mechanisms largely independent of homocysteine lowering.	[ "BACKGROUND Homocysteine is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), although a causal relation remains to be proven.", "The importance of determining direct causality rests in the fact that plasma homocysteine can be safely and inexpensively reduced by 25% with folic acid.", "This reduction is maximall...	NEI	[]
37	A deficiency of vitamin B6 decreases blood levels of homocysteine.	11,705,328	Randomized trial of folic acid supplementation and serum homocysteine levels.	[ "BACKGROUND Lowering serum homocysteine levels with folic acid is expected to reduce mortality from ischemic heart disease.", "Homocysteine reduction is known to be maximal at a folic acid dosage of 1 mg/d, but the effect of lower doses (relevant to food fortification) is unclear.", "METHODS We randomized 151 p...	NEI	[]
39	A diminished ovarian reserve does not solely indicate infertility in an a priori non-infertile population.	13,497,630	Association Between Biomarkers of Ovarian Reserve and Infertility Among Older Women of Reproductive Age	[ "Importance Despite lack of evidence of their utility, biomarkers of ovarian reserve are being promoted as potential markers of reproductive potential.", "Objective To determine the associations between biomarkers of ovarian reserve and reproductive potential among women of late reproductive age.", "Design, Set...	SUPPORT	[ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ]
40	A diminished ovarian reserve is a very strong indicator of infertility, even in an a priori non-infertile population.	13,497,630	Association Between Biomarkers of Ovarian Reserve and Infertility Among Older Women of Reproductive Age	[ "Importance Despite lack of evidence of their utility, biomarkers of ovarian reserve are being promoted as potential markers of reproductive potential.", "Objective To determine the associations between biomarkers of ovarian reserve and reproductive potential among women of late reproductive age.", "Design, Set...	CONTRADICT	[ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ]
41	A high microerythrocyte count protects against severe anemia in homozygous alpha (+)- thalassemia trait subjects.	18,174,210	Increased Microerythrocyte Count in Homozygous α+-Thalassaemia Contributes to Protection against Severe Malarial Anaemia	[ "BACKGROUND The heritable haemoglobinopathy alpha(+)-thalassaemia is caused by the reduced synthesis of alpha-globin chains that form part of normal adult haemoglobin (Hb).", "Individuals homozygous for alpha(+)-thalassaemia have microcytosis and an increased erythrocyte count.", "Alpha(+)-thalassaemia homozygo...	SUPPORT	[ 1, 9, 10 ]
43	A low percentage of hematopoietic progenitor cells are susceptible to HIV-1 infection ex vivo.	7,224,723	HIV–1 Infects Multipotent Progenitor Cells Causing Cell Death and Establishing Latent Cellular Reservoirs	[ "HIV causes a chronic infection characterized by depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes and the development of opportunistic infections.", "Despite drugs that inhibit viral spread, HIV infection has been difficult to cure because of uncharacterized reservoirs of infected cells that are resistant to highly active antir...	NEI	[]
44	A mutation in HNF4A leads to an increased risk of developing diabetes by the age of 14 years.	56,893,404	Macrosomia and Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Heterozygous Mutations in the HNF4A Gene	[ "Background Macrosomia is associated with considerable neonatal and maternal morbidity.", "Factors that predict macrosomia are poorly understood.", "The increased rate of macrosomia in the offspring of pregnant women with diabetes and in congenital hyperinsulinaemia is mediated by increased foetal insulin secr...	SUPPORT	[ 3 ]
45	A mutation in HNF4A leads to an increased risk of diabetes by the age of 14 years.	56,893,404	Macrosomia and Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Heterozygous Mutations in the HNF4A Gene	[ "Background Macrosomia is associated with considerable neonatal and maternal morbidity.", "Factors that predict macrosomia are poorly understood.", "The increased rate of macrosomia in the offspring of pregnant women with diabetes and in congenital hyperinsulinaemia is mediated by increased foetal insulin secr...	NEI	[]
46	A single nucleotide variant the gene DGKK is strongly associated with increased risk of hypospadias.	380,526	Common variants in DGKK are strongly associated with risk of hypospadias	[ "Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male external genitalia.", "We performed a genome-wide association study using pooled DNA from 436 individuals with hypospadias (cases) and 494 controls of European descent and selected the highest ranked SNPs for individual genotyping in the discovery sampl...	SUPPORT	[ 2 ]
47	A strong bias in the phage genome locations where the spacers were derived has been observed in many CRISPR subtypes that confer the immunity to phage.	3,512,154	CRISPR adaptation biases explain preference for acquisition of foreign DNA	[ "CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats coupled with CRISPR-associated proteins) is a bacterial immunity system that protects against invading phages or plasmids.", "In the process of CRISPR adaptation, short pieces of DNA ('spacers') are acquired from foreign elements and integrat...	NEI	[]
47	A strong bias in the phage genome locations where the spacers were derived has been observed in many CRISPR subtypes that confer the immunity to phage.	26,996,935	Strong bias in the bacterial CRISPR elements that confer immunity to phage.	[ "Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against phage via spacer-encoded CRISPR RNAs that are complementary to invasive nucleic acids.", "Here, we challenge Streptococcus thermophilus with a bacteriophage, and used PCR-based metagenomics to monitor...	SUPPORT	[ 6 ]
52	ALDH1 expression is associated with poorer prognosis for breast cancer primary tumors.	45,638,119	ALDH1 is a marker of normal and malignant human mammary stem cells and a predictor of poor clinical outcome.	[ "Application of stem cell biology to breast cancer research has been limited by the lack of simple methods for identification and isolation of normal and malignant stem cells.", "Utilizing in vitro and in vivo experimental systems, we show that normal and cancer human mammary epithelial cells with increased aldeh...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
55	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation reduces inflammation-related fibrosis in the lungs.	49,556,906	Metformin reverses established lung fibrosis in a bleomycin model	[ "Fibrosis is a pathological result of a dysfunctional repair response to tissue injury and occurs in a number of organs, including the lungs1.", "Cellular metabolism regulates tissue repair and remodelling responses to injury2-4.", "AMPK is a critical sensor of cellular bioenergetics and controls the switch fro...	SUPPORT	[ 5, 6, 7 ]
58	APOE4 expression in iPSC-derived neurons results in decreased tau phosphorylation.	4,709,641	Gain of toxic Apolipoprotein E4 effects in Human iPSC-Derived Neurons Is Ameliorated by a Small-Molecule Structure Corrector	[ "Efforts to develop drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown promise in animal studies, only to fail in human trials, suggesting a pressing need to study AD in human model systems.", "Using human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells that expressed apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), a variant of the AP...	CONTRADICT	[ 1 ]
60	ART has no effect on the infectiveness of HIV-positive people.	13,899,137	HIV Treatment as Prevention: Systematic Comparison of Mathematical Models of the Potential Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Incidence in South Africa	[ "BACKGROUND Many mathematical models have investigated the impact of expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on new HIV infections.", "Comparing results and conclusions across models is challenging because models have addressed slightly different questions and have reported different outcome metrics.", ...	CONTRADICT	[ 5, 9, 11 ]
60	ART has no effect on the infectiveness of HIV-positive people.	13,901,073	Elimination of HIV in South Africa through Expanded Access to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Model Comparison Study	[ "BACKGROUND Expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) using universal test and treat (UTT) has been suggested as a strategy to eliminate HIV in South Africa within 7 y based on an influential mathematical modeling study.", "However, the underlying deterministic model was criticized widely, and other modelin...	NEI	[]
61	ART substantially reduces infectiveness of HIV-positive people.	13,899,137	HIV Treatment as Prevention: Systematic Comparison of Mathematical Models of the Potential Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Incidence in South Africa	[ "BACKGROUND Many mathematical models have investigated the impact of expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on new HIV infections.", "Comparing results and conclusions across models is challenging because models have addressed slightly different questions and have reported different outcome metrics.", ...	SUPPORT	[ 5, 9, 11 ]
61	ART substantially reduces infectiveness of HIV-positive people.	13,901,073	Elimination of HIV in South Africa through Expanded Access to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Model Comparison Study	[ "BACKGROUND Expanded access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) using universal test and treat (UTT) has been suggested as a strategy to eliminate HIV in South Africa within 7 y based on an influential mathematical modeling study.", "However, the underlying deterministic model was criticized widely, and other modelin...	NEI	[]
62	ATF4 is a general endoplasmic reticulum stress marker.	32,587,939	Wolfram syndrome 1 and adenylyl cyclase 8 interact at the plasma membrane to regulate insulin production and secretion	[ "Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and contributes to β-cell loss and the progression of type 2 diabetes.", "Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) has been shown to be an important regulator of the ER stress signalling pathway; however, its role in β-cell function remains unclear.", "He...	NEI	[]
63	ATM and Rad3 related protein are critical for sensing DNA damage.	40,349,336	Deletion of the developmentally essential gene ATR in adult mice leads to age-related phenotypes and stem cell loss.	[ "Developmental abnormalities, cancer, and premature aging each have been linked to defects in the DNA damage response (DDR).", "Mutations in the ATR checkpoint regulator cause developmental defects in mice (pregastrulation lethality) and humans (Seckel syndrome).", "Here we show that eliminating ATR in adult mi...	NEI	[]
64	ATM and Rad3 related protein have no role in sensing DNA damage.	40,349,336	Deletion of the developmentally essential gene ATR in adult mice leads to age-related phenotypes and stem cell loss.	[ "Developmental abnormalities, cancer, and premature aging each have been linked to defects in the DNA damage response (DDR).", "Mutations in the ATR checkpoint regulator cause developmental defects in mice (pregastrulation lethality) and humans (Seckel syndrome).", "Here we show that eliminating ATR in adult mi...	NEI	[]
66	AZT given with ribavirin increases anemia.	14,806,256	Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection.	[ "CONTEXT Use of antiretroviral drugs, including protease inhibitors, for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been anecdotally associated with hepatotoxicity, particularly in persons coinfected with hepatitis C or B virus.", "OBJECTIVES To ascertain if incidence of severe hepatotoxicity d...	NEI	[]
67	Activated Cdk5 phosphorylates the ATM protein in response to DNA damage.	21,295,300	Phosphorylation of ATM by Cdk5 mediates DNA damage signaling and regulates neuronal death	[ "The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-like kinase ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) has a central role in coordinating DNA damage responses, including cell-cycle checkpoint control, DNA repair and apoptosis.", "Mutations of ATM cause a spectrum of defects ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer predisposition.", ...	SUPPORT	[ 3, 7 ]
68	Activated Cdk5 regulates DNA damage-induced neuronal death.	21,295,300	Phosphorylation of ATM by Cdk5 mediates DNA damage signaling and regulates neuronal death	[ "The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-like kinase ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) has a central role in coordinating DNA damage responses, including cell-cycle checkpoint control, DNA repair and apoptosis.", "Mutations of ATM cause a spectrum of defects ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer predisposition.", ...	SUPPORT	[ 6 ]
69	Activation of PPM1D enhances p53 function.	5,956,380	Exome sequencing identifies somatic gain-of-function PPM1D mutations in brainstem gliomas	[ "Gliomas arising in the brainstem and thalamus are devastating tumors that are difficult to surgically resect.", "To determine the genetic and epigenetic landscape of these tumors, we performed exomic sequencing of 14 brainstem gliomas (BSGs) and 12 thalamic gliomas.", "We also performed targeted mutational ana...	CONTRADICT	[ 5, 6 ]
69	Activation of PPM1D enhances p53 function.	4,414,547	Mosaic PPM1D mutations are associated with predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer	[ "Improved sequencing technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for investigating the role of rare genetic variation in common disease.", "However, there are considerable challenges with respect to study design, data analysis and replication.", "Using pooled next-generation sequencing of 507 genes implicate...	CONTRADICT	[ 5 ]
71	Activation of the Rac1 homolog CED-10 kills viable cells in SRGP-1 mutant Caenorhabditis elegans.	1,127,562	Loss of the RhoGAP SRGP-1 promotes the clearance of dead and injured cells in Caenorhabditis elegans	[ "Multicellular animals rapidly clear dying cells from their bodies.", "Many of the pathways that mediate this cell removal are conserved through evolution.", "Here, we identify srgp-1 as a negative regulator of cell clearance in both Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian cells.", "Loss of srgp-1 function resul...	SUPPORT	[ 4, 5 ]
73	Activator-inhibitor pairs are provided ventrally by Xrl-sizzled.	6,076,903	Regulation of ADMP and BMP2/4/7 at Opposite Embryonic Poles Generates a Self-Regulating Morphogenetic Field	[ "Embryos have the ability to self-regulate and regenerate normal structures after being sectioned in half.", "How is such a morphogenetic field established?", "We discovered that quadruple knockdown of ADMP and BMP2/4/7 in Xenopus embryos eliminates self-regulation, causing ubiquitous neural induction throughou...	NEI	[]
74	Active H. pylori urease has a polymeric structure consisting of five distinct subunits.	4,387,784	Structure of the proton-gated urea channel from the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori	[ "Half the world's population is chronically infected with Helicobacter pylori, causing gastritis, gastric ulcers and an increased incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma.", "Its proton-gated inner-membrane urea channel, HpUreI, is essential for survival in the acidic environment of the stomach.", "The channel is cl...	NEI	[]
76	Active Ly49Q induces neutrophil polarization.	5,531,479	The Ly49Q receptor plays a crucial role in neutrophil polarization and migration by regulating raft trafficking.	[ "Neutrophils rapidly undergo polarization and directional movement to infiltrate the sites of infection and inflammation.", "Here, we show that an inhibitory MHC I receptor, Ly49Q, was crucial for the swift polarization of and tissue infiltration by neutrophils.", "During the steady state, Ly49Q inhibited neutr...	SUPPORT	[ 1, 6 ]
77	Active Ly49Q prevents neutrophil polarization.	5,531,479	The Ly49Q receptor plays a crucial role in neutrophil polarization and migration by regulating raft trafficking.	[ "Neutrophils rapidly undergo polarization and directional movement to infiltrate the sites of infection and inflammation.", "Here, we show that an inhibitory MHC I receptor, Ly49Q, was crucial for the swift polarization of and tissue infiltration by neutrophils.", "During the steady state, Ly49Q inhibited neutr...	CONTRADICT	[ 1, 6 ]
78	Active caspase-11 participate in regulating phagosome-lysosome fusion.	5,099,266	Caspase-11 promotes the fusion of phagosomes harboring pathogenic bacteria with lysosomes by modulating actin polymerization.	[ "Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that include members of the NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing) family and caspase-1.", "Once bacterial molecules are sensed within the macrophage, the inflammasome is assembled, mediating the activation of caspase-1.", "Caspase-11 mediates ca...	SUPPORT	[ 7 ]
79	Active caspase-11 protein promotes pyroptosis.	5,099,266	Caspase-11 promotes the fusion of phagosomes harboring pathogenic bacteria with lysosomes by modulating actin polymerization.	[ "Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that include members of the NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing) family and caspase-1.", "Once bacterial molecules are sensed within the macrophage, the inflammasome is assembled, mediating the activation of caspase-1.", "Caspase-11 mediates ca...	SUPPORT	[ 3, 4 ]
80	Acute ablation of KRAS causes severe growth impairment.	4,920,376	Long-Term ERK Inhibition in KRAS-Mutant Pancreatic Cancer Is Associated with MYC Degradation and Senescence-like Growth Suppression.	[ "Induction of compensatory mechanisms and ERK reactivation has limited the effectiveness of Raf and MEK inhibitors in RAS-mutant cancers.", "We determined that direct pharmacologic inhibition of ERK suppressed the growth of a subset of KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer cell lines and that concurrent phosphatidylinosi...	NEI	[]
81	Acute ablation of Snail in the embryonic cortex affects the proliferation and number of embryonic cortical precursors.	1,797,622	Control of Apoptosis by Asymmetric Cell Division	[ "Asymmetric cell division and apoptosis (programmed cell death) are two fundamental processes that are important for the development and function of multicellular organisms.", "We have found that the processes of asymmetric cell division and apoptosis can be functionally linked.", "Specifically, we show that as...	NEI	[]
82	Addition of BMP4, activin A, CHIR99021, and SU504 to reprogramming fibroblasts generates, expands and maintains cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs)	3,619,372	Expandable Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells Reprogrammed from Fibroblasts.	[ "Stem cell-based approaches to cardiac regeneration are increasingly viable strategies for treating heart failure.", "Generating abundant and functional autologous cells for transplantation in such a setting, however, remains a significant challenge.", "Here, we isolated a cell population with extensive prolife...	NEI	[]
85	Adult tissue-resident macrophages are seeded before birth.	7,521,113	Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis.	[ "Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, contribute to tissue integrity as well as to innate and adaptive immune defense.", "Emerging evidence for labor division indicates that manipulation of these cells could bear therapeutic potential.", "However, specific ontogenies of...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
85	Adult tissue-resident macrophages are seeded before birth.	22,406,695	Origin and functions of tissue macrophages.	[ "Macrophages are distributed in tissues throughout the body and contribute to both homeostasis and disease.", "Recently, it has become evident that most adult tissue macrophages originate during embryonic development and not from circulating monocytes.", "Each tissue has its own composition of embryonically der...	SUPPORT	[ 1 ]
86	Adult tissue-resident macrophages are seeded before birth.	7,521,113	Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis.	[ "Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, contribute to tissue integrity as well as to innate and adaptive immune defense.", "Emerging evidence for labor division indicates that manipulation of these cells could bear therapeutic potential.", "However, specific ontogenies of...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
86	Adult tissue-resident macrophages are seeded before birth.	22,406,695	Origin and functions of tissue macrophages.	[ "Macrophages are distributed in tissues throughout the body and contribute to both homeostasis and disease.", "Recently, it has become evident that most adult tissue macrophages originate during embryonic development and not from circulating monocytes.", "Each tissue has its own composition of embryonically der...	SUPPORT	[ 1 ]
88	Adult tissue-resident macrophages possess a self-renewing capacity.	7,521,113	Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis.	[ "Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, contribute to tissue integrity as well as to innate and adaptive immune defense.", "Emerging evidence for labor division indicates that manipulation of these cells could bear therapeutic potential.", "However, specific ontogenies of...	SUPPORT	[ 4 ]
88	Adult tissue-resident macrophages possess a self-renewing capacity.	22,406,695	Origin and functions of tissue macrophages.	[ "Macrophages are distributed in tissues throughout the body and contribute to both homeostasis and disease.", "Recently, it has become evident that most adult tissue macrophages originate during embryonic development and not from circulating monocytes.", "Each tissue has its own composition of embryonically der...	NEI	[]
89	Adult tissue-resident macrophages stem from the embryonal yolk sac and fetal liver.	7,521,113	Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis.	[ "Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, contribute to tissue integrity as well as to innate and adaptive immune defense.", "Emerging evidence for labor division indicates that manipulation of these cells could bear therapeutic potential.", "However, specific ontogenies of...	NEI	[]
89	Adult tissue-resident macrophages stem from the embryonal yolk sac and fetal liver.	22,406,695	Origin and functions of tissue macrophages.	[ "Macrophages are distributed in tissues throughout the body and contribute to both homeostasis and disease.", "Recently, it has become evident that most adult tissue macrophages originate during embryonic development and not from circulating monocytes.", "Each tissue has its own composition of embryonically der...	NEI	[]
90	Adult tissue-resident macrophages stem from the embryonal yolk sac and fetal liver.	22,406,695	Origin and functions of tissue macrophages.	[ "Macrophages are distributed in tissues throughout the body and contribute to both homeostasis and disease.", "Recently, it has become evident that most adult tissue macrophages originate during embryonic development and not from circulating monocytes.", "Each tissue has its own composition of embryonically der...	NEI	[]
91	Aged patients are less susceptible to ischaemia/reperfusion injury.	1,084,345	Restoration of chaperone-mediated autophagy in aging liver improves cellular maintenance and hepatic function	[ "Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective mechanism for degradation of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes, contributes to the removal of altered proteins as part of the cellular quality-control systems.", "We have previously found that CMA activity declines in aged organisms and have proposed that this failur...	NEI	[]
92	Aged patients are more susceptible to ischaemia/reperfusion injury.	1,084,345	Restoration of chaperone-mediated autophagy in aging liver improves cellular maintenance and hepatic function	[ "Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a selective mechanism for degradation of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes, contributes to the removal of altered proteins as part of the cellular quality-control systems.", "We have previously found that CMA activity declines in aged organisms and have proposed that this failur...	NEI	[]
93	Aggravated inflammation is dependent on NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	2,692,522	Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome	[ "Development of the acute and chronic inflammatory responses known as gout and pseudogout are associated with the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals, respectively, in joints and periarticular tissues.", "Although MSU crystals were first identified as the aetiol...	SUPPORT	[ 2, 3 ]
95	Albendazole is used to treat soil-transmitted helminths.	1,215,116	“Rapid-Impact Interventions”: How a Policy of Integrated Control for Africa's Neglected Tropical Diseases Could Benefit the Poor	[ "Over the past two decades there have been significant achievements in the control of a handful of important human tropical infections [1].", "These achievements include the substantive reductions in the prevalence and incidence of the so-called neglected diseases such as lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, gui...	NEI	[]
96	Algerian physicians constitue the largest component of sub-Saharan Africa-trained physicians in the United States.	14,500,725	Physician Emigration from Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States: Analysis of the 2011 AMA Physician Masterfile	[ "BACKGROUND The large-scale emigration of physicians from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to high-income nations is a serious development concern.", "Our objective was to determine current emigration trends of SSA physicians found in the physician workforce of the United States.", "METHODS AND FINDINGS We analyzed phy...	NEI	[]
98	Alirocumab treatment reduces apo(a) fractional clearance rate.	6,540,064	Effects of PCSK9 Inhibition With Alirocumab on Lipoprotein Metabolism in Healthy Humans	[ "BACKGROUND Alirocumab, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), lowers plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB).", "Although studies in mice and cells have identified increased hepatic LDL receptors as the basis for LDL lowering by PCS...	CONTRADICT	[ 9, 10, 12, 14, 16 ]
104	Allogeneic mechanical circulatory support is not as effective as autologous mechanical circulatory support for treating acute myocardial infarction.	40,164,383	Comparison of allogeneic vs autologous bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells delivered by transendocardial injection in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: the POSEIDON randomized trial.	[ "CONTEXT Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are under evaluation as a therapy for ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).", "Both autologous and allogeneic MSC therapies are possible; however, their safety and efficacy have not been compared.", "OBJECTIVE To test whether allogeneic MSCs are as safe and effective as autologou...	CONTRADICT	[ 8, 9, 11, 15 ]
105	Alteration of origin firing causes changes in termination zones of Okazaki fragments.	36,606,083	Quantitative, genome-wide analysis of eukaryotic replication initiation and termination.	[ "Many fundamental aspects of DNA replication, such as the exact locations where DNA synthesis is initiated and terminated, how frequently origins are used, and how fork progression is influenced by transcription, are poorly understood.", "Via the deep sequencing of Okazaki fragments, we comprehensively document r...	CONTRADICT	[ 3 ]
106	Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is inaccurate at diagnosing hypertension.	25,515,907	Relative effectiveness of clinic and home blood pressure monitoring compared with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in diagnosis of hypertension: systematic review	[ "OBJECTIVE To determine the relative accuracy of clinic measurements and home blood pressure monitoring compared with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as a reference standard for the diagnosis of hypertension.", "DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis with hierarchical summary receiver operating characte...	CONTRADICT	[ 6, 8, 9 ]
106	Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is inaccurate at diagnosing hypertension.	5,151,024	Cost-effectiveness of options for the diagnosis of high blood pressure in primary care: a modelling study.	[ "BACKGROUND The diagnosis of hypertension has traditionally been based on blood-pressure measurements in the clinic, but home and ambulatory measurements better correlate with cardiovascular outcome, and ambulatory monitoring is more accurate than both clinic and home monitoring in diagnosing hypertension.", "We ...	CONTRADICT	[ 0, 8 ]
108	Amitriptyline is an effective treatment for chronic tension-type headaches.	6,191,684	Management of chronic tension-type headache with tricyclic antidepressant medication, stress management therapy, and their combination: a randomized controlled trial.	[ "CONTEXT Chronic tension-type headaches are characterized by near-daily headaches and often are difficult to manage in primary practice.", "Behavioral and pharmacological therapies each appear modestly effective, but data are lacking on their separate and combined effects.", "OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical ...	SUPPORT	[ 7, 8, 10 ]
108	Amitriptyline is an effective treatment for chronic tension-type headaches.	22,995,579	Amitriptyline is effective in chronic but not in episodic tension-type headache: pathogenetic implications.	[ "The tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, is an effective drug for the treatment of chronic tension-type headache and for other chronic pain syndromes, but it is also effective in the prophylaxis of an episodic type of headache such as migraine.", "However, its efficacy in episodic tension-type headache has n...	SUPPORT	[ 0, 3 ]
108	Amitriptyline is an effective treatment for chronic tension-type headaches.	23,865,182	Efficacy and tolerability of amitriptylinoxide in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache: a multi-centre controlled study.	[ "Amitriptyline is the medication of first choice in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache.", "In 197 patients with chronic tension-type headache (87M and 110F with a mean age of 38 +/-", "13 (18-68)) efficacy and tolerability of 60-90 mg amitriptylinoxide (AO) were compared with 50-75 mg amitriptyline ...	SUPPORT	[ 0, 3, 7, 8 ]
109	An M2-like phenotype in brown adipose tissue macrophages is quickly induced by cold exposure.	4,319,174	Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis	[ "All homeotherms use thermogenesis to maintain their core body temperature, ensuring that cellular functions and physiological processes can continue in cold environments.", "In the prevailing model of thermogenesis, when the hypothalamus senses cold temperatures it triggers sympathetic discharge, resulting in th...	SUPPORT	[ 5 ]
111	Androgenetic haploid mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be derived and genetically manipulated in vitro.	13,513,790	Generation of Genetically Modified Mice by Oocyte Injection of Androgenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells	[ "Haploid cells are amenable for genetic analysis.", "Recent success in the derivation of mouse haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) via parthenogenesis has enabled genetic screening in mammalian cells.", "However, successful generation of live animals from these haESCs, which is needed to extend the genetic an...	SUPPORT	[ 5, 7 ]
112	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are associated with decreased risk for functional renal insufficiency.	6,157,837	Renal considerations in angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease and the Council for High Blood Pressure Research of the American Heart Association.	[ "Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are now one of the most frequently used classes of antihypertensive drugs.", "Beyond their utility in the management of hypertension, their use has been extended to the long-term management of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), as well as diabetic and non...	CONTRADICT	[ 2, 7 ]
114	Anthrax spores are very difficult to dispose once they are dispersed.	33,872,649	Secondary aerosolization of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in a contaminated US Senate Office.	[ "CONTEXT Bioterrorist attacks involving letters and mail-handling systems in Washington, DC, resulted in Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spore contamination in the Hart Senate Office Building and other facilities in the US Capitol's vicinity.", "OBJECTIVE To provide information about the nature and extent of indoor ...	SUPPORT	[ 6 ]
116	Anthrax spores remain deadly until affected areas are decontaminated.	33,872,649	Secondary aerosolization of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in a contaminated US Senate Office.	[ "CONTEXT Bioterrorist attacks involving letters and mail-handling systems in Washington, DC, resulted in Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spore contamination in the Hart Senate Office Building and other facilities in the US Capitol's vicinity.", "OBJECTIVE To provide information about the nature and extent of indoor ...	SUPPORT	[ 6 ]
119	Antidepressants increase the severity of migraines.	14,606,752	Tricyclic antidepressants and headaches: systematic review and meta-analysis	[ "OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and relative adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of migraine, tension-type, and mixed headaches.", "DESIGN Meta-analysis.", "DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Trials Registry, and PsycLIT.", "Studies reviewed Randomised trials of adults re...	CONTRADICT	[ 6, 8, 10 ]
120	Antidepressants reduce the severity of migraines.	14,606,752	Tricyclic antidepressants and headaches: systematic review and meta-analysis	[ "OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and relative adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of migraine, tension-type, and mixed headaches.", "DESIGN Meta-analysis.", "DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Trials Registry, and PsycLIT.", "Studies reviewed Randomised trials of adults re...	SUPPORT	[ 6, 8, 10 ]
121	Antimicrobial agents are less effective due to the pressure of antimicrobial usage.	31,460,499	Resistance to antimicrobials in humans and animals.	[ "Overusing antibiotics is not the only cause and reducing use is not the only solution W arning signs of antimicrobial resistance, chinks in the antimicrobial armour, began to appear in the middle of the last century, and by the 1990s various reports had signalled the dangers of excessive or inappropriate use of ...	SUPPORT	[ 0 ]
122	Antimicrobial agents are more effective due to the pressure of antimicrobial usage.	31,460,499	Resistance to antimicrobials in humans and animals.	[ "Overusing antibiotics is not the only cause and reducing use is not the only solution W arning signs of antimicrobial resistance, chinks in the antimicrobial armour, began to appear in the middle of the last century, and by the 1990s various reports had signalled the dangers of excessive or inappropriate use of ...	CONTRADICT	[ 0 ]
123	Antiretroviral therapy increases rates of tuberculosis across a broad range of CD4 strata.	4,883,040	Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention of Tuberculosis in Adults with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	[ "BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the strongest risk factor for developing tuberculosis and has fuelled its resurgence, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.", "In 2010, there were an estimated 1.1 million incident cases of tuberculosis among the 34 million people living with HIV worldwide."...	CONTRADICT	[ 8, 10 ]
126	Approximately 250,000 people are infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in the United Kingdom.	24,512,064	HTLV-I/II associated disease in England and Wales, 1993-7: retrospective review of serology requests.	[ "Apart from HIV two exogenous retroviruses (human T cell leukaemia viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II)) infect humans.", "HTLV-I infection is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean, Africa, and Melanesia and is found among immigrants from these regions in Europe.", "HTLV-I infection is associated with a 1-5%...	NEI	[]
134	Assessing treatment adherence is more beneficial to clinical practice than measuring routine outcomes.	4,695,046	Anxiety	[ "OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of routinely administered psychiatric questionnaires on the recognition, management, and outcome of psychiatric disorders in non-psychiatric settings.", "DATA SOURCES Embase, Medline, PsycLIT, Cinahl, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and hand searches of key journals.", "ME...	NEI	[]
138	Asymptomatic visual impairment screening in elderly populations leads to improved vision.	26,016,929	Effectiveness of screening older people for impaired vision in community setting: systematic review of evidence from randomised controlled trials.	[ "OBJECTIVE To assess whether population screening for impaired vision among older people in the community leads to improvements in vision.", "DESIGN Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of population screening in the community that included any assessment of vision or visual function with at least 6 ...	CONTRADICT	[ 7, 9 ]
139	At least 85% of patients exposed to radiation have activated markers of myofibroblasts.	22,080,671	KLF4-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells has a key role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis	[ "Previous studies investigating the role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have provided controversial results owing to the use of unreliable methods for clearly identifying each of these cell types.", "Here, using Myh11-CreERT2 ROSA floxed STOP eYFP Apoe−/− mice...	NEI	[]
144	Autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells has better graft function than induction therapy with anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibodies.	10,582,939	Induction therapy with autologous mesenchymal stem cells in living-related kidney transplants: a randomized controlled trial.	[ "CONTEXT Antibody-based induction therapy plus calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) reduce acute rejection rates in kidney recipients; however, opportunistic infections and toxic CNI effects remain challenging.", "Reportedly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have successfully treated graft-vs-host disease.", "OBJECTIVE T...	SUPPORT	[ 8, 10, 12 ]
149	Autophagy deficiency in the liver increases vulnerability to insulin resistance.	6,227,220	Autophagy deficiency leads to protection from obesity and insulin resistance by inducing Fgf21 as a mitokine	[ "Despite growing interest and a recent surge in papers, the role of autophagy in glucose and lipid metabolism is unclear.", "We produced mice with skeletal muscle–specific deletion of Atg7 (encoding autophagy-related 7).", "Unexpectedly, these mice showed decreased fat mass and were protected from diet-induced ...	CONTRADICT	[ 2, 5, 6 ]

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Dataset Card for "scifact_entailment"

Dataset Summary

SciFact, a dataset of 1.4K expert-written scientific claims paired with evidence-containing abstracts, and annotated with labels and rationales.

For more information on the dataset, see allenai/scifact. This has the same data, but reformatted as an entailment task. A single instance includes a claim paired with a paper title and abstract, together with an entailment label and a list of evidence sentences (if any).

Dataset Structure

Data fields

claim_id: An int32 claim identifier.
claim: A string.
abstract_id: An int32 abstract identifier.
title: A string.
abstract: A list of strings, one for each sentence in the abstract.
verdict: The fact-checking verdict, a string.
evidence: A list of sentences from the abstract which provide evidence for the verdict.