Datasets:

amphora
/

SPOT

doi/arxiv_id stringlengths 10 29	title stringlengths 32 171	paper_category stringclasses 9 values	error_category stringclasses 9 values	error_location stringlengths 5 37	error_severity stringclasses 2 values	error_annotation stringlengths 61 355	paper_content listlengths 2 97	error_local_content listlengths 0 14 ⌀	__index_level_0__ int64 0 90
2405.01133v3	A missing theorem on dual spaces	Mathematics	Equation / proof	Lemma 3,4	retract	The issue is that an error in Proposition 2.3 undermines the validity of Lemmas 3 and 4, and Theorem 4.1 depends on results from Proposition 2.3; therefore, Lemmas 3 and 4 are only valid if the conclusions of Proposition 2.3 hold for the map q used in Theorem 4.1.	[ { "image_url": null, "text": "ABSTRACT. We answer in the affirmative the surprisingly difficult questions: If a complex Banach space possesses a real predual \$X\$, then is \$X\$ a complex Banach space? If a complex Banach space possesses a real predual, does it have a complex predual? We also answer th...	null	0
2402.10307v2	A New Radio to Overcome Critical Link Budgets	Computer Science	Equation / proof	Unknown	retract	"The error is that the beamforming gain for N antennas is incorrectly calculated as N, when it shoul(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"We propose Multi-Antenna (MA) Towards Inband Shift Keying (TISK): a new m(...TRUNCATED)	null	1
2406.01892v2	"On the triviality of the unramified Iwasawa modules of the maximal multiple $\\mathbb{Z}_p$-extensi(...TRUNCATED)	Mathematics	Equation / proof	Section 4.2.3	errata	"There is a mathematical error in Section 4.2.3, where either an equation is misstated, a step in a (...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"On the triviality of the unramified Iwasawa modules \nof the maximal mul(...TRUNCATED)	null	2
2407.06913v2	A Simple, Nearly-Optimal Algorithm for Differentially Private All-Pairs Shortest Distances	Computer Science	Equation / proof	Sec 3, Sec4	retract	"The error is the incorrect assumption in Sections 3 and 4 that the topology of the shortest path tr(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"Jesse Campbell*\nChunjiang Zhu†\n\nThe all-pairs shortest distances (AP(...TRUNCATED)	null	3
10.5539/jsd.v17n6p137	The Scientific Case Against Net Zero: Falsifying the Greenhouse Gas Hypothesis	Environmental Science	Equation / proof	Section. 3.1.2	errata	"The author used the base-10 logarithm (log10) instead of the natural logarithm (ln, neperian logari(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"1. \nIn the UK the Net Zero policy (meaning net zero emission of carbon d(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"‘greenhouse gases’). The near surface temperature and change in surfa(...TRUNCATED)	5
2406.04846v2	"Efficient Fault-Tolerant Single Qubit Gate Approximation And Universal Quantum Computation Without (...TRUNCATED)	Physics	Equation / proof	Equation 6	retract	"The error is that Equation 6, derived using real arithmetic, is incorrectly applied to a context th(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"Arbitrarily accurate fault-tolerant (FT) universal quantum computation ca(...TRUNCATED)	null	8
10.1186/s12964-024-01868-4	"Illuminating the dark kinome: utilizing multiplex peptide activity arrays to functionally annotate (...TRUNCATED)	Biology	Reagent identity	Overall	errata	"The error is that the recombinant protein fragments used for at least three kinases do not include (...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"Protein kinases are critical components of a myriad biological processes (...TRUNCATED)	[]	10
10.1002/btm2.10667	A stretchable, electroconductive tissue adhesive for the treatment of neural injury	Engineering	Figure duplication	Fig 5	errata	"The error is that images representing different experimental conditions and time points in Figure 5(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"Received: 14 December 2023 \| Revised: 8 March 2024 \| Accepted: 22 March 2(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"To evaluate the biocompatibility of the mELP/Bio-IL hydrogel, MO3.13 cell(...TRUNCATED)	11
10.1038/s41598-025-85894-3	"Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes usi(...TRUNCATED)	Multidisciplinary	Data inconsistency	Fig. 4	errata	"The error in Fig. 4 is that the UV-Vis spectrum for the \"chemically synthesized Ag nanoparticles\"(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"OPEN\n\nPhotocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"disruptions in its dome. The peak linked with 90 min has an absorption de(...TRUNCATED)	12
10.1038/s41598-025-91235-1	"Unveiling the antiviral inhibitory activity of ebselen and ebsulfur derivatives on SARS-CoV-2 using(...TRUNCATED)	Multidisciplinary	Equation / proof	Eq. 1	errata	"The error is that the equation for pIC50 was incorrectly written as just 1/IC50, when it should be (...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"OPEN\n\nUnveiling the antiviral inhibitory activity of ebselen and ebsulf(...TRUNCATED)	[{"image_url":null,"text":"The coronavirus family, formally known as Coronaviridae, is a large and d(...TRUNCATED)	13

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SPOT

Preprocessed Contents of Scientific Paper ErrOr DeTection (SPOT)
SPOT contains 83 papers and 91 human-validated errors to test academic verification capabilities.
This repo contains preprocessed contents of 62 manuscripts with share-permissive licenses.

📖 Overview

This repository holds the full paper files (parsed Markdown, and base64 encodings of extracted figures) for the subset of SPOT manuscripts that are openly licensed. Combined with the annotations in SPOT-MetaData, you can run end-to-end evaluations of LLMs on multi-modal academic error detection.

Benchmark at a glance

83 published manuscripts

91 confirmed errors (errata or retractions)

10 scientific domains (Math, Physics, Biology, …)

6 error types (Equation/Proof, Fig-duplication, Data inconsistency, …)

Average paper length: ~12 000 tokens & 18 figures

Included

62 open-access papers (CC-BY or equivalent)

High-fidelity Markdown conversions of each PDF

base64 encoding of every figure, table, and equation

All in openai api format.

Excluded

Paywalled or proprietary manuscripts (cannot be redistributed)

📋 Column Descriptions

Each row in annotations/errors.csv contains the following fields:

doi/arxiv_id: The paper’s DOI (journal) or arXiv identifier.
title: Full title of the manuscript.
paper_category: Scientific domain of the paper, one of: Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Materials Science, Medicine, Environmental Science, Engineering, Computer Science, Multidisciplinary.
error_category: Type of error, one of:
- Equation/Proof
- Figure duplication
- Data inconsistency
- Experiment setup
- Reagent identity
- Statistical reporting
error_location: Where the error appears (e.g., Figure 2, Equation (5), Section 3.1, Table 4).
error_severity: Indicates whether the issue led to an Erratum correction or a Retraction.
error_annotation: Written summary describing the error.
paper_content: Processed content of the full paper (text in markdown, images in base64 encodings).
error_local_content: Extracted snippet around the error—paragraph, caption, or equation block used in experiments in Appendix B.1.

📜 License & Copyright

SPOT code: CC-BY-4.0
Individual papers & Processed Contents: distributed under their original licenses.

Downloads last month: 5

Size of downloaded dataset files:

55.8 MB

Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

55.8 MB

Number of rows: