scenario_5_aggregation.csv

domain,session_id,scenario_type,turn_index,question_id,question,golden_answer,doi,sources,modifications,contrast_doi
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q1,What silver precursor concentrations are reported for biological synthesis of AgNPs?,0.1 mM AgNO₃; 1 mM AgNO₃; 10 mM AgNO₃; 0.1 M AgNO₃,10.2147/IDR.S234425,"""Ten mL of previous prepared Ulva fasciata aqueous extract was added slowly to 90 mL of freshly prepared 0.1 mm of AgNO3 with stirring and heating at 40°C for 30 mins until the color change to brown.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q1,What silver precursor concentrations are reported for biological synthesis of AgNPs?,0.1 mM AgNO₃; 1 mM AgNO₃; 10 mM AgNO₃; 0.1 M AgNO₃,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""Briefly, 20 mL of ACL was added to 500 mL conical flasks containing 200 mL of 1 mM AgNO3 and stirred continuously at room temperature until the solution became reddish brown.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q1,What silver precursor concentrations are reported for biological synthesis of AgNPs?,0.1 mM AgNO₃; 1 mM AgNO₃; 10 mM AgNO₃; 0.1 M AgNO₃,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""the supernatant was mixed with a 10 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA, 99.9%) (1:1, v/v) and incubated at 35 °C in the dark for one day.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q1,What silver precursor concentrations are reported for biological synthesis of AgNPs?,0.1 mM AgNO₃; 1 mM AgNO₃; 10 mM AgNO₃; 0.1 M AgNO₃,10.2147/IJN.S49284,"""About 200 mL of mycelia-free fungal cultural filtrate containing 0.1 M precursor salt AgNO3 was taken in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q2,What tests are reported for evaluating antibacterial activity or bacterial damage caused by AgNPs against Escherichia coli?,MIC assay; checkerboard/FIC assay; disk-diffusion assay; membrane permeability assay; metabolic activity / viability assay,10.3390/antibiotics11091219,"""the potential synergy between AgNPs and different antimicrobials was investigated against a wild-type (E. coli) strain and three AMR clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae using the checkerboard method and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q2,What tests are reported for evaluating antibacterial activity or bacterial damage caused by AgNPs against Escherichia coli?,MIC assay; checkerboard/FIC assay; disk-diffusion assay; membrane permeability assay; metabolic activity / viability assay,10.2147/IDR.S234425,"""The antimicrobial effect of metal-nanoparticles (AgNPs and ZnONPS) and in combination with antibiotics was studied using the normal disc-diffusion method.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q2,What tests are reported for evaluating antibacterial activity or bacterial damage caused by AgNPs against Escherichia coli?,MIC assay; checkerboard/FIC assay; disk-diffusion assay; membrane permeability assay; metabolic activity / viability assay,10.3389/fmicb.2021.750556,"""We used nitrocefin (Calbiochem-Novabiochem, United States), a substrate for periplasmic β-lactamase, as a marker of outer membrane permeability (the pink product of the reaction was monitored at 486 nm) and ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside, Sigma, United States), a substrate for cytoplasmic β-galactosidase, as a probe for inner membrane integrity (hydrolytic release of o-nitrophenyl results in a yellow color detectable at 420 nm).""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q3,What types of polymer coatings or stabilizing polymer layers are reported for AgNPs used in antimicrobial activity experiments?,Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); gelatin,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""Argovit AgNPs were obtained from Vector Vita Ltd (Novosibirsk, Russia). They were stabilized using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q3,What types of polymer coatings or stabilizing polymer layers are reported for AgNPs used in antimicrobial activity experiments?,Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); gelatin,10.3390/antibiotics11091205,Table 4,multimodal: table,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q3,What types of polymer coatings or stabilizing polymer layers are reported for AgNPs used in antimicrobial activity experiments?,Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); gelatin,10.3389/fmicb.2021.750556,"""the prospect of introducing antimicrobial peptides or small antimicrobial proteins into the gelatinized coating of AgNPs.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q4,"What dyes, chromogenic substrates, or reporter probes are reported for evaluating bacterial viability, membrane damage, ROS generation, or potassium leakage in AgNP antibacterial assays?",Nitrocefin; ONPG; resazurin / alamarBlue; luminol; DCFH-DA; PBFI; propidium iodide,10.3389/fmicb.2021.750556,"""We used nitrocefin (Calbiochem-Novabiochem, United States), a substrate for periplasmic β-lactamase, as a marker of outer membrane permeability (the pink product of the reaction was monitored at 486 nm) and ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside, Sigma, United States), a substrate for cytoplasmic β-galactosidase, as a probe for inner membrane integrity (hydrolytic release of o-nitrophenyl results in a yellow color detectable at 420 nm). Resazurin, also known by the trade name alamarBlue, has almost no fluorescence, but is converted to the pink and fluorescent resorufin by reducing agents abundantly produced by actively metabolizing cells.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q4,"What dyes, chromogenic substrates, or reporter probes are reported for evaluating bacterial viability, membrane damage, ROS generation, or potassium leakage in AgNP antibacterial assays?",Nitrocefin; ONPG; resazurin / alamarBlue; luminol; DCFH-DA; PBFI; propidium iodide,10.2147/IJN.S246484,"""Detection of reactive oxygen species was based on the chemiluminescence of luminol.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q4,"What dyes, chromogenic substrates, or reporter probes are reported for evaluating bacterial viability, membrane damage, ROS generation, or potassium leakage in AgNP antibacterial assays?",Nitrocefin; ONPG; resazurin / alamarBlue; luminol; DCFH-DA; PBFI; propidium iodide,10.1038/srep29982,"""To detect the ROS formation, we used the fluorescent reporter dye 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (Sigma, Bengaluru, India) at a concentration of 5 mM and used a spectrofluorometer (Shimadzu) to measure excitation at a wavelength of 490 nm and emission at 515 nm. The assessment of the potassium ions present in medium was carried out using a luminescence spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer) at an excitation wavelength of 346 nm and an emission wavelength of 505 nm. The potassium sensitive probe (PBFI, Sigma Aldrich) was added""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q4,"What dyes, chromogenic substrates, or reporter probes are reported for evaluating bacterial viability, membrane damage, ROS generation, or potassium leakage in AgNP antibacterial assays?",Nitrocefin; ONPG; resazurin / alamarBlue; luminol; DCFH-DA; PBFI; propidium iodide,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""The cells were stained with alamarBlue cell viability reagent (Thermo Scientific) and 75 nM of propidium iodide.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q5,What UV–Visible or SPR peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs?,412 nm; 420 nm; 450 nm; 400–470 nm,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""The reaction mixture’s UV–visible absorption spectra (in the range of 300–800 nm) reveal a strong, single, and intense absorption peak at 412 nm associated with colloidal Ag NPs.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q5,What UV–Visible or SPR peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs?,412 nm; 420 nm; 450 nm; 400–470 nm,10.2147/IDR.S234425,"""The Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs dispersed in deionized water were observed for their surface plasmon resonance at 420 and 280 nm, respectively.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q5,What UV–Visible or SPR peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs?,412 nm; 420 nm; 450 nm; 400–470 nm,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q5,What UV–Visible or SPR peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs?,412 nm; 420 nm; 450 nm; 400–470 nm,10.2147/IJN.S49284,"""ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, which showed AgNP peaks of around 400–470 nm.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q6,What XRD 2θ peaks are reported for AgNPs in biological synthesis papers?,38.037°; 44.205°; 64.344°,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""The Ag NPs showed some typical diffraction peaks at 2θ of about 38.037°, 44.205°, and 64.344°""",constraints: theme,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q6,What XRD 2θ peaks are reported for AgNPs in biological synthesis papers?,38.037°; 44.205°; 64.344°,10.2147/IJN.S49284,"""X-ray diffraction spectra revealed peaks of different intensities with respect to angle of diffractions (2θ) corresponding to varying configurations of AgNPs.""",constraints: theme,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q7,What AgNP size values are reported for antimicrobial testing against Staphylococcus epidermidis?,10 nm; 20 nm; 40 nm; 60 nm; 100 nm; 20–40 nm,10.3390/nano10051010,Table 1,multimodal: table,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q7,What AgNP size values are reported for antimicrobial testing against Staphylococcus epidermidis?,10 nm; 20 nm; 40 nm; 60 nm; 100 nm; 20–40 nm,10.2147/IJN.S246484,"""Tween-stabilized silver nanoparticles (diameter 20–40 nm established by TEM - transmission electron microscopy)""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q8,"What Staphylococcus epidermidis strains are reported in AgNP MIC, MBIC, or viability assays  in study conducted by Swolana et al?",ATCC 12228; ATCC 35983; ATCC 35984,10.3390/nano10051010,"""S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, a strain that does not have phenotype biofilm-forming ability, S. epidermidis ATCC 35983, a strain possessing moderate biofilm-forming ability and having genes of operon icaADBC, and S. epidermidis ATCC 35984, a strain with substantial biofilm-generating ability and possessing genes of operon icaADBC.""",constraints: source,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q9,What Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolate IDs are reported in the silver nanoparticle–gentamicin checkerboard assay?,"K/8605/12
K/4042/16
K/8399/12
K/15/928
K/15/323
K/15/534
K/15/428
K/15/420
K/16/3882",10.2147/IJN.S246484,Table 1,multimodal: table,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q10,What crystal violet concentrations are reported in AgNP-related biofilm assays?,0.1%; 1%,10.1038/srep29982,"""sessile adherent bacteria were fixed using 2% sodium acetate, 0.1% crystal violet stain.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q10,What crystal violet concentrations are reported in AgNP-related biofilm assays?,0.1%; 1%,10.3390/nano10051010,"""150 µL of 1% crystal violet (MERC/Sigma-Aldrich—Darmstadt, Germany) was added to each well in order to stain the biofilm.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q11,What temperatures are reported for AgNP synthesis in papers published after 2020 using chemical or biological preparation routes?,35 °C; 60 °C; 100 °C,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""the supernatant was mixed with a 10 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA, 99.9%) (1:1, v/v) and incubated at 35 °C in the dark for one day. After obtaining the Ag NPs, they were dried overnight at 60 °C""","constraints: temporal, theme",
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q11,What temperatures are reported for AgNP synthesis in papers published after 2020 using chemical or biological preparation routes?,35 °C; 60 °C; 100 °C,10.2147/IJN.S246484,"""Briefly, silver salt solution prepared by dissolving [SEP] 50 mg of AgNO3 in 0.2 mL of deionized water was [SEP] mixed with 2 mL of Tween 80 and incubated at 100°C for 72 [SEP] hours.""","constraints: temporal, theme",
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q11,What temperatures are reported for AgNP synthesis in papers published after 2020 using chemical or biological preparation routes?,35 °C; 60 °C; 100 °C,10.3389/fbioe.2021.652362,"""The reaction was kept at room temperature in the dark for 48 h until a stable dark color developed.""","constraints: temporal, theme",
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q12,What assay wavelengths are reported for probe-based E. coli membrane damage or viability measurements in AgNP studies?,420 nm; 486 nm; 560/590 nm; 405/488 nm excitation lasers,10.3389/fmicb.2021.750556,"""the pink product of the reaction was monitored at 486 nm and ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside, Sigma, United States), a substrate for cytoplasmic β-galactosidase, as a probe for inner membrane integrity (hydrolytic release of o-nitrophenyl results in a yellow color detectable at 420 nm). Fluorescence intensity was measured at 590 nm, with excitation at 560 nm""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q12,What assay wavelengths are reported for probe-based E. coli membrane damage or viability measurements in AgNP studies?,420 nm; 486 nm; 560/590 nm; 405/488 nm excitation lasers,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""The cells were stained with alamarBlue cell viability reagent (Thermo Scientific) and 75 nM of propidium iodide. Cells were incubated at 37˚C for 1 h and analyzed by flow cytometry with a violet and blue laser emitting at λ = 405 and 488 nm, respectively.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q13,What wavelengths are reported for resazurin / alamarBlue-based viability or metabolic assays in AgNP antibacterial studies?,560/590 nm; 570 nm; 600 nm,10.3389/fmicb.2021.750556,"""Fluorescence intensity was measured at 590 nm, with excitation at 560 nm""",constraints: theme,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q13,What wavelengths are reported for resazurin / alamarBlue-based viability or metabolic assays in AgNP antibacterial studies?,560/590 nm; 570 nm; 600 nm,10.3390/nano10051010,"""Figure 3. Changes of absorbance in Alamar Blue test for the strain S. epidermidis ATCC 35983, exposed to the activity of nanosilver particles with sizes of 10 nm and a concentration of 7 µg/mL between the 12th and 24th hour (λ = 600 nm).""",constraints: theme,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q14,What antibiotics are reported specifically in AgNP checkerboard or FIC assays conducted between 2020 and 2022?,Kanamycin; colistin; rifampicin; vancomycin; gentamicin; ciprofloxacin,10.3390/antibiotics11091219,"""using a combination therapy of AgNPs and conventional antimicrobial agents of different classes (and hence different mechanisms of antimicrobial action), including ampicillin, kanamycin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, colistin, and rifampicin""",constraints: temporal,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q14,What antibiotics are reported specifically in AgNP checkerboard or FIC assays conducted between 2020 and 2022?,Kanamycin; colistin; rifampicin; vancomycin; gentamicin; ciprofloxacin,10.2147/IJN.S246484,"""Synergistic bactericidal activity of gentamicin and silver nanoparticles stabilized with non-ionic detergent (Tween 80) was tested by the checkerboard titration method on microtiter plates.""",constraints: temporal,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q15,What antibiotics are reported specifically in AgNP disk-diffusion combination assays carried out in 2020?,"Ciprofloxacin; imipenem; trimethoprim; gentamycin; vancomycin, azithromycin; cefotaxime; cefuroxime; fosfomycin; chloramphenicol; oxytetracycline",10.2147/IJN.S49284,"""Antibiotics were selected from five groups having a different mode of action, including imipenem (carbapenem), trimethoprim (sulfonamide), gentamycin (aminoglycoside), vancomycin (glycopeptide), and ciprofloxacin (quinolone).""",constraints: temporal,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q15,What antibiotics are reported specifically in AgNP disk-diffusion combination assays carried out in 2020?,"Ciprofloxacin; imipenem; trimethoprim; gentamycin; vancomycin, azithromycin; cefotaxime; cefuroxime; fosfomycin; chloramphenicol; oxytetracycline",10.2147/IDR.S234425,"""The synergistic effect of antibiotics (azithromycin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, fosfomycin and chloramphenicol) against E. coli was significantly increased in the presence of AgNPs compared to antibiotic only. The synergistic effect of antibiotics (azithromycin, oxacillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, fosfomycin and oxytetracycline) against E. coli was significantly increased in presence of ZnONPs compared to antibiotic only""",constraints: temporal,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q16,What antibiotics are reported specifically in AgNP combinatorial microplate or broth assays?,Chloramphenicol; kanamycin; ampicillin; biapenem; aztreonam; biapenem; gentamicin,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""We selected chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Km), ampicillin (Amp), aztreonam (Azm) and biapenem (Bpm).""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q16,What antibiotics are reported specifically in AgNP combinatorial microplate or broth assays?,Chloramphenicol; kanamycin; ampicillin; biapenem; aztreonam; biapenem; gentamicin,10.2147/IJN.S246484,"""To evaluate the MIC value of gentamicin in combination with SNPs, the antimicrobial activity of antibiotic and silver nanoparticles was investigated by checkerboard titration method on 96-well microtiter plates.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q17,What antibiotics are reported specifically in AgNP pharmacodynamic or ROS-associated interaction assays?,Cefazolin; mupirocin; gentamycin; neomycin; tetracycline; vancomycin; gentamicin,10.1038/srep29982,"""topical antibiotics such as Cefazolin (CEF), Mupirocin (MUP), Gentamycin (GEN), Neomycin (NEO), Tetracycline (TET), Vancomycin (VAN) were investigated""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q17,What antibiotics are reported specifically in AgNP pharmacodynamic or ROS-associated interaction assays?,Cefazolin; mupirocin; gentamycin; neomycin; tetracycline; vancomycin; gentamicin,10.2147/IJN.S246484,"""Tween-stabilized silver nanoparticles in combination with gentamicin exhibited bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant biofilm forming clinical strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q18,What concentrations of 10 - 20 nm AgNPs are explicitly reported in Staphylococcus epidermidis viability or MBIC-related experiments?,1–7 µg/mL; 7 µg/mL; 9 µg/mL,10.3390/nano10051010,"The viability of S. epidermidis was also determined, under exposure to AgNPs, with sizes of 10 nm and at concentrations of 1–7 µg/mL, over a time from 12 to 24 h, expressed as the reduction rate of resazurin, for three standard strains: S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, S. epidermidis ATCC 35983, and S. epidermidis ATCC 35984. For the S. epidermidis ATCC 35983 strain (with average BFA), MBIC value for AgNPs with sizes of 10 nm amounted to 9 µg/mL.",negative: conflicting,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q18,What concentrations of 10 - 20 nm AgNPs are explicitly reported in Staphylococcus epidermidis viability or MBIC-related experiments?,1–7 µg/mL; 7 µg/mL; 9 µg/mL,10.2147/IJN.S246484,dilutions of SNPs (in range of 21.5 to 1400 μg/mL) were made from upper to lower rows of the plate.,negative: conflicting,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q19,What reporter molecules are reported specifically for evaluating ROS generation in AgNP antibacterial assays?,Luminol; DCFH-DA,10.2147/IJN.S246484,"""Detection of reactive oxygen species was based on the chemiluminescence of luminol.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q19,What reporter molecules are reported specifically for evaluating ROS generation in AgNP antibacterial assays?,Luminol; DCFH-DA,10.1038/srep29982,"""To detect the ROS formation, we used the fluorescent reporter dye 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (Sigma, Bengaluru, India)""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q20,What reporter molecules are reported specifically for evaluating membrane potential or membrane integrity in AgNP antibacterial assays?,DiOC6; propidium iodide; nitrocefin; ONPG,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""Bacterial cultures were exposed to 10 μg.mL-1 of AgNPs or AgNO3 and stained with 18 μM DiOC6 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA)…. The cells were stained with alamarBlue cell viability reagent (Thermo Scientific) and 75 nM of propidium iodide.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q20,What reporter molecules are reported specifically for evaluating membrane potential or membrane integrity in AgNP antibacterial assays?,DiOC6; propidium iodide; nitrocefin; ONPG,10.3389/fmicb.2021.750556,"""We used nitrocefin (Calbiochem-Novabiochem, United States), a substrate for periplasmic β-lactamase, as a marker of outer membrane permeability""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_21,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q21,What AgNP sizes or size ranges are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs with direct antimicrobial evaluation?,1–9 nm; 4.7 nm; 5–30 nm; 15 ± 0.55 nm; 30.5 ± 4.0 nm; 45.26 nm; 114 ± 2.04 nm; 125.5 ± 2.5 nm,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""Analysis of TEM images using ImageJ software revealed the presence of several monodisperse, spherical, well-separated, and relatively uniform NPs ranging in size from 1 to 9 nm and with an average size of 4.7 nm.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_21,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q21,What AgNP sizes or size ranges are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs with direct antimicrobial evaluation?,1–9 nm; 4.7 nm; 5–30 nm; 15 ± 0.55 nm; 30.5 ± 4.0 nm; 45.26 nm; 114 ± 2.04 nm; 125.5 ± 2.5 nm,10.2147/IJN.S49284,"""Transmission electron micrographs further confirmed the formation of AgNPs in size ranging from 5–30 nm.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_21,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q21,What AgNP sizes or size ranges are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs with direct antimicrobial evaluation?,1–9 nm; 4.7 nm; 5–30 nm; 15 ± 0.55 nm; 30.5 ± 4.0 nm; 45.26 nm; 114 ± 2.04 nm; 125.5 ± 2.5 nm,10.2147/IDR.S234425,"""The common size of the particles was calculated and located to be 15 ± 0.55 and 187 ± 0.5 nm for Ag-NPs and ZnO-NPs, respectively""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_21,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q21,What AgNP sizes or size ranges are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs with direct antimicrobial evaluation?,1–9 nm; 4.7 nm; 5–30 nm; 15 ± 0.55 nm; 30.5 ± 4.0 nm; 45.26 nm; 114 ± 2.04 nm; 125.5 ± 2.5 nm,10.3390/antibiotics11091205,Table 3,multimodal: table,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_21,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q21,What AgNP sizes or size ranges are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs with direct antimicrobial evaluation?,1–9 nm; 4.7 nm; 5–30 nm; 15 ± 0.55 nm; 30.5 ± 4.0 nm; 45.26 nm; 114 ± 2.04 nm; 125.5 ± 2.5 nm,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""The estimated size of crystallite in different planes of silver was determined as 31.18, 35.74, and 69.14 nm with the mean value of all three peaks as 45.26 nm.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_21,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q21,What AgNP sizes or size ranges are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs with direct antimicrobial evaluation?,1–9 nm; 4.7 nm; 5–30 nm; 15 ± 0.55 nm; 30.5 ± 4.0 nm; 45.26 nm; 114 ± 2.04 nm; 125.5 ± 2.5 nm,10.3389/fbioe.2021.652362,"""An-AgNPs and Ar-AgNPs showed mean sizes of 114 ± 2.04 and 125.5 ± 2.5 nm, respectively, as measured via DLS technique""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_22,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q22,What bacterial species are reported specifically in AgNP assays against Escherichia coli and other foodborne pathogens?,Escherichia coli ATCC 43890; Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444; Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 43174; Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444, Escherichia coli ATCC 43890, and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 43174)""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_22,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q22,What bacterial species are reported specifically in AgNP assays against Escherichia coli and other foodborne pathogens?,Escherichia coli ATCC 43890; Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444; Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 43174; Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061,10.3389/fmicb.2022.929491,"""Bacterial strains investigated in the current study were S. typhimurium ATCC14028 and E. coli ATCC35218""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_23,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q23,What bacterial species are reported specifically in AgNP assays for cystic fibrosis-associated pathogens or other resistant clinical pathogens?,Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Burkholderia cepacia; Klebsiella spp.,10.3389/fmicb.2018.01349,"""was evaluated in vitro against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Staphylococcus aureus strains from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_23,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q23,What bacterial species are reported specifically in AgNP assays for cystic fibrosis-associated pathogens or other resistant clinical pathogens?,Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Burkholderia cepacia; Klebsiella spp.,10.3389/fmicb.2021.750556,"""Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 25923, a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (resistant to aztreonam, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime) and Klebsiella spp. (resistant to tetracycline)""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_24,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q24,What AgNP size values are reported specifically for commercial or formulated AgNPs used in antimicrobial testing?,10 nm; 20 nm; 20–30 nm; 15–25 nm; 35 ± 15 nm; 40 nm; 60 nm; 100 nm,10.3390/antibiotics11091219,"""Figure 1a shows representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of AgNPs, which confirmed the spherical shape of those NPs with an average size of 15–25 nm.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_24,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q24,What AgNP size values are reported specifically for commercial or formulated AgNPs used in antimicrobial testing?,10 nm; 20 nm; 20–30 nm; 15–25 nm; 35 ± 15 nm; 40 nm; 60 nm; 100 nm,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""TEM micrographs showed that AgNPs were spheroid in shape, and their average diameter was 35 ± 15 nm.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_24,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q24,What AgNP size values are reported specifically for commercial or formulated AgNPs used in antimicrobial testing?,10 nm; 20 nm; 20–30 nm; 15–25 nm; 35 ± 15 nm; 40 nm; 60 nm; 100 nm,10.3390/nano10051010,"""Silver nanoparticles with sizes of 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm, 60 nm and 100 nm (TEM), 0.02 mg/mL in aqueous buffer, containing sodium citrate as stabilizer (Sigma-Aldrich/Merck—Darmstadt, Germany), were used in the study.""",none,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_24,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q24,What AgNP size values are reported specifically for commercial or formulated AgNPs used in antimicrobial testing?,10 nm; 20 nm; 20–30 nm; 15–25 nm; 35 ± 15 nm; 40 nm; 60 nm; 100 nm,10.3390/antibiotics11091205,Table 2,multimodal: table,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_25,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q25,What classes of biologically derived sources are reported for AgNP biosynthesis in antimicrobial papers?,Plant extract; algal extract; bacterial culture supernatant; fungal culture filtrate,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was attempted using the aqueous extract of corn leaf waste of Zea mays""",constraints: theme,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_25,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q25,What classes of biologically derived sources are reported for AgNP biosynthesis in antimicrobial papers?,Plant extract; algal extract; bacterial culture supernatant; fungal culture filtrate,10.3389/fbioe.2021.652362,"""AgNPs fabricated using aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants, Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Kaff Maryam) and Artemisia absinthium.""",constraints: theme,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_25,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q25,What classes of biologically derived sources are reported for AgNP biosynthesis in antimicrobial papers?,Plant extract; algal extract; bacterial culture supernatant; fungal culture filtrate,10.2147/IDR.S234425,"""The aqueous extracts were prepared by the addition of one gm of dry powder Ulva fasciata to 100 mL DD water boiled for 1 hr then filtrated to obtain an algal aqueous extract.""",constraints: theme,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_25,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q25,What classes of biologically derived sources are reported for AgNP biosynthesis in antimicrobial papers?,Plant extract; algal extract; bacterial culture supernatant; fungal culture filtrate,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""Only A. baumannii isolates produced positive results for Ag NP synthesis. The Acinetobacter baumannii isolate was first cultured ... and the supernatant was mixed with a 10 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution""",constraints: theme,
Antibiotic-NP_Synergy,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_session_25,Aggregation,1,Antibiotic-NP_Synergy_s5_q25,What classes of biologically derived sources are reported for AgNP biosynthesis in antimicrobial papers?,Plant extract; algal extract; bacterial culture supernatant; fungal culture filtrate,10.2147/IJN.S49284,"""The fungal species A. flavus (nonaflatoxin-producing strain, as described by Abbas et al37) used for the synthesis of nanoparticles""",constraints: theme,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q1,What benzimidazole-containing metal complexes are described in literature published after 2018?,"half‐sandwich ruthenium (II) complexes (C1-C4) with 2-(2-quinoly) benzimidazole frameworks (L1-L5), Ru (II) arene complexes of benzimidazoles",10.33263/BRIAC144.082,"""In this article, cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of previously synthesized and characterized four different half‐sandwich ruthenium (II) complexes (C1-C4) with 2-(2-quinoly) benzimidazole frameworks (L1-L5) were described.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q1,What benzimidazole-containing metal complexes are described in literature published after 2018?,"half‐sandwich ruthenium (II) complexes (C1-C4) with 2-(2-quinoly) benzimidazole frameworks (L1-L5), Ru (II) arene complexes of benzimidazoles",10.18466/cbayarfbe.632188,"""bis-benzimidazole ligands (1a-d) were synthesized using linker groups and they were [SEP] evaluated as catalyst generated in situ from [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 for transfer hydrogenation (TH) of [SEP] acetophenone. The bimetallic Ru (II) arene complex (2b) synthesized from ligand 1b which showed the [SEP] best activity among the ligands in the catalytic TH reaction.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q2,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published before 2020?,"Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10399, MRSA HG-1, MRSA-15 NCTC 13142, MRSA-16 NCTC 13143, MRSA BIG 0043, MRSA BIG 0044, MRSA BIG 0045, MRSA BIG 0047, MRSA BIG 0050, MRSA BIG 0052, MRSA BIG 0053, Staphylococcus epidermidis NCTC 11047, Staphylococcus epidermidis NCTC 2749, Staphylococcus haemolyticus NCTC 11042, Burkholderia cepacia NCTC 10744, Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, Escherichia coli BIG 0046, Escherichia coli BIG 0048, Escherichia coli BIG 0049, Escherichia coli BIG 0051, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6749, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BIG 0039, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BIG 0063, Serratia marcescens NCTC 1377, Bacillus cereus (ATTC 10876), Staphylococcus
aureus (ATTC 25923), Escherichia
coli (ATTC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(ATTC 27853), Candida albicans
(ATTC 50193) and Aspergillus brasiliensis (ATTC
16404)",10.3390/molecules200815206,Table 3,multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q2,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published before 2020?,"Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10399, MRSA HG-1, MRSA-15 NCTC 13142, MRSA-16 NCTC 13143, MRSA BIG 0043, MRSA BIG 0044, MRSA BIG 0045, MRSA BIG 0047, MRSA BIG 0050, MRSA BIG 0052, MRSA BIG 0053, Staphylococcus epidermidis NCTC 11047, Staphylococcus epidermidis NCTC 2749, Staphylococcus haemolyticus NCTC 11042, Burkholderia cepacia NCTC 10744, Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, Escherichia coli BIG 0046, Escherichia coli BIG 0048, Escherichia coli BIG 0049, Escherichia coli BIG 0051, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6749, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BIG 0039, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BIG 0063, Serratia marcescens NCTC 1377, Bacillus cereus (ATTC 10876), Staphylococcus
aureus (ATTC 25923), Escherichia
coli (ATTC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(ATTC 27853), Candida albicans
(ATTC 50193) and Aspergillus brasiliensis (ATTC
16404)",10.1186/s13065-018-0479-1,"""compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity [SEP] against four pathogenic bacterial strains [Gram-positive: [SEP] Bacillus cereus (ATTC 10876) and Staphylococcus [SEP] aureus (ATTC 25923) and Gram-negative: Escherichia [SEP] coli (ATTC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [SEP] (ATTC 27853)] and two fungal strains [(Candida albicans [SEP] (ATTC 50193) and Aspergillus brasiliensis (ATTC [SEP] 16404)].""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q3,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA, MRSA, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans ATCC 24433, C. glabrata (ATCC
90030), C. krusei ATCC 6258, C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019)",10.1039/d2ra06667j,"""Antimicrobial activities (exhibited by MIC values) including [SEP] antibacterial activities against two strains of Gram-negative (EC [SEP] – Escherichia coli and PA – Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three [SEP] strains of Gram-positive (SF – Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA, [SEP] MRSA) and antifungal activities (CA – Candida albicans and AN – [SEP] Aspergillus niger)""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q3,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA, MRSA, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans ATCC 24433, C. glabrata (ATCC
90030), C. krusei ATCC 6258, C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019)",10.1038/s41598-022-21435-6,"""The MIC was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Gram-negative [SEP] Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and the antifungal activity against fungus Candida albicans ATCC 10231""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q3,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA, MRSA, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans ATCC 24433, C. glabrata (ATCC
90030), C. krusei ATCC 6258, C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019)",10.1021/acsomega.2c06142,"""In vitro antifungal screening of the synthesized compounds was [SEP] assessed against C. albicans ATCC 24433, C. glabrata (ATCC [SEP] 90030), C. krusei ATCC 6258, C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019).""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Acinetobacter baumannii, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter ludwigii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Morganella morganii, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Penicillium sp., Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella aboney, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas sp.",10.3390/antibiotics14111150,"Table 2, Table 3",multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Acinetobacter baumannii, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter ludwigii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Morganella morganii, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Penicillium sp., Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella aboney, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas sp.",10.3390/ph19010180,"""The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated by determining the minimum [SEP] inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the hybrids against four bacterial strains: B. [SEP] subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and E. ludwigii."" [SEP] ""Hybrids 58–64 and 67–71 were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity [SEP] against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas sp., and Salmonella sp. (recultured), [SEP] using Ciprofloxacin as the reference drug, as well as for their in vitro antifungal [SEP] activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium sp. [SEP] (recultured), with Fluconazole as the standard, employing the well plate method"" [SEP] ""El-Gohary and Shaaban [SEP] (2017) [67] evaluated the antimicrobial activity of hybrids 78 and 79 against Escherichia coli, [SEP] Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus 293"" [SEP] ""The hybrids were evaluated for antibacterial activity against E. [SEP] coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis, and for antifungal activity against A. niger and [SEP] C. albicans.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Acinetobacter baumannii, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter ludwigii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Morganella morganii, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Penicillium sp., Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella aboney, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas sp.",10.14233/ajchem.2024.31314,"""The results demonstrated that all the synthesized Mannich base derivatives are highly effective against M. tuberculosis.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Acinetobacter baumannii, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter ludwigii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Morganella morganii, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Penicillium sp., Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella aboney, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas sp.",10.31788/RJC.2023.1638382,"""...compound 4 was discovered to have greater action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes (25µg/mL)..."", [SEP] ""...as well as high inhibitory activity (12.5µg/mL) against E. coli, than reference chloramphenicol"", [SEP] ""...hybrids 10 and 11 (Fig.-6) efficiently showed bactericidal potential against Bacillus subtilis with $MIC=0.95$ and $6.25\mu g/mL$, correspondingly..."", [SEP] ""Compounds 11, 12, 13, and 14 showed substantial suppression of Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 29905) at MIC 1.56, 3.12, 1.56"", [SEP] ""Compound 15... with MIC $1.6~\mu g/mL$ against E. faecalis, $3.125~\mu g/mL$ against S. aureus...""., [SEP] ""...against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC: 1.95µg/mL), S. aureus (MIC: 7.81 µg/mL), and E. coli (MIC: 7.81µg/mL)."", [SEP] ""...compounds (41a) and compound 44 were shown to be most potent against S. typhimurium."", [SEP] ""Compound 47f, with a MIC of $8\mu g/mL$, was found to have strong inhibitory efficacy against M. tuberculosis.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which microorganisms are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Acinetobacter baumannii, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter ludwigii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Morganella morganii, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Penicillium sp., Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Salmonella aboney, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas sp.",10.3390/antibiotics12071220,"“Compound S. aureus E. coli B. subtilis S. epidermitis A. niger C. albicans”, [SEP] “against all tested strains B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. brasiliensis”, [SEP] “B.c. S.a. P.a. E.c. A.b. C.a.”, [SEP] “(E. coli, S. typhy, P. aeruginosa)”, [SEP] “Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29213”, [SEP] “(Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus)”, [SEP] “E. faecalis”“vancomycin-resistant E. faecium”, [SEP] “ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ATCC 27736”, [SEP] “Compounds had weak activity against Mycobacterium bovis strain”",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q5,Against which Gram+ bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes",10.3390/antibiotics14111150,"Table 2, Table 3",multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q5,Against which Gram+ bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes",10.3390/ph19010180,"""The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated by determining the minimum [SEP] inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the hybrids against four bacterial strains: B. [SEP] subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and E. ludwigii."", [SEP] ""Hybrids 58–64 and 67–71 were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity [SEP] against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas sp., and Salmonella sp. (recultured), [SEP] using Ciprofloxacin as the reference drug, as well as for their in vitro antifungal [SEP] activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium sp. [SEP] (recultured), with Fluconazole as the standard, employing the well plate method"", [SEP] ""El-Gohary and Shaaban (2017) [67] evaluated the antimicrobial activity of hybrids 78 and 79 against Escherichia coli, [SEP] Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus 293"", [SEP] ""The hybrids were evaluated for antibacterial activity against E. [SEP] coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis, and for antifungal activity against A. niger and [SEP] C. albicans.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q5,Against which Gram+ bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes",10.14233/ajchem.2024.31314,"""The results demonstrated that all the synthesized Mannich base derivatives are highly effective against M. tuberculosis.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q5,Against which Gram+ bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes",10.31788/RJC.2023.1638382,"""...compound 4 was discovered to have greater action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes (25µg/mL)..."", [SEP] ""...as well as high inhibitory activity (12.5µg/mL) against E. coli, than reference chloramphenicol"", [SEP] ""...hybrids 10 and 11 (Fig.-6) efficiently showed bactericidal potential against Bacillus subtilis with $MIC=0.95$ and $6.25\mu g/mL$, correspondingly..."", [SEP] ""Compounds 11, 12, 13, and 14 showed substantial suppression of Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 29905) at MIC 1.56, 3.12, 1.56"", [SEP] ""Compound 15... with MIC $1.6~\mu g/mL$ against E. faecalis, $3.125~\mu g/mL$ against S. aureus...""., [SEP] ""...against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC: 1.95µg/mL), S. aureus (MIC: 7.81 µg/mL), and E. coli (MIC: 7.81µg/mL)."", [SEP] ""...compounds (41a) and compound 44 were shown to be most potent against S. typhimurium."", [SEP] ""Compound 47f, with a MIC of $8\mu g/mL$, was found to have strong inhibitory efficacy against M. tuberculosis.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q5,Against which Gram+ bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acetobacter aceti, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes",10.3390/antibiotics12071220,"“Compound S. aureus E. coli B. subtilis S. epidermitis A. niger C. albicans”, [SEP] “against all tested strains B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. brasiliensis”, [SEP] “B.c. S.a. P.a. E.c. A.b. C.a.”, [SEP] “(E. coli, S. typhy, P. aeruginosa)”, [SEP] “Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29213”, [SEP] “(Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus)”, [SEP] “E. faecalis”“vancomycin-resistant E. faecium”, [SEP] “ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ATCC 27736”, [SEP] “Compounds had weak activity against Mycobacterium bovis strain”",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which Gram- bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter ludwigii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella aboney, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas sp.",10.3390/antibiotics14111150,"Table 2, Table 3",multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which Gram- bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter ludwigii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella aboney, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas sp.",10.3390/ph19010180,"""The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated by determining the minimum [SEP] inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the hybrids against four bacterial strains: B. [SEP] subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and E. ludwigii."", [SEP] ""Hybrids 58–64 and 67–71 were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity [SEP] against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas sp., and Salmonella sp. (recultured), [SEP] using Ciprofloxacin as the reference drug, as well as for their in vitro antifungal [SEP] activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium sp. [SEP] (recultured), with Fluconazole as the standard, employing the well plate method"", [SEP] ""El-Gohary and Shaaban [SEP] (2017) [67] evaluated the antimicrobial activity of hybrids 78 and 79 against Escherichia coli, [SEP] Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus 293"", [SEP] ""The hybrids were evaluated for antibacterial activity against E. [SEP] coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis, and for antifungal activity against A. niger and [SEP] C. albicans.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which Gram- bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter ludwigii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella aboney, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas sp.",10.31788/RJC.2023.1638382,"""...compound 4 was discovered to have greater action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes (25µg/mL)..."", [SEP] ""...as well as high inhibitory activity (12.5µg/mL) against E. coli, than reference chloramphenicol"", [SEP] ""...hybrids 10 and 11 (Fig.-6) efficiently showed bactericidal potential against Bacillus subtilis with $MIC=0.95$ and $6.25\mu g/mL$, correspondingly..."", [SEP] ""Compounds 11, 12, 13, and 14 showed substantial suppression of Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 29905) at MIC 1.56, 3.12, 1.56"", [SEP] ""Compound 15... with MIC $1.6~\mu g/mL$ against E. faecalis, $3.125~\mu g/mL$ against S. aureus...""., [SEP] ""...against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC: 1.95µg/mL), S. aureus (MIC: 7.81 µg/mL), and E. coli (MIC: 7.81µg/mL)."", [SEP] ""...compounds (41a) and compound 44 were shown to be most potent against S. typhimurium."", [SEP] ""Compound 47f, with a MIC of $8\mu g/mL$, was found to have strong inhibitory efficacy against M. tuberculosis."",",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which Gram- bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter ludwigii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella aboney, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae, Xanthomonas sp.",10.3390/antibiotics12071220,"“Compound S. aureus E. coli B. subtilis S. epidermitis A. niger C. albicans”, [SEP] “against all tested strains B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. brasiliensis”, [SEP] “B.c. S.a. P.a. E.c. A.b. C.a.”, [SEP] “(E. coli, S. typhy, P. aeruginosa)”, [SEP] “Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29213”, [SEP] “(Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus)”, [SEP] “E. faecalis”“vancomycin-resistant E. faecium”, [SEP] “ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ATCC 27736”, [SEP] “Compounds had weak activity against Mycobacterium bovis strain”",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q7,Against which fungi and yeasts are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Penicillium sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae.",10.3390/antibiotics14111150,"Table 2, Table 3",multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q7,Against which fungi and yeasts are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Penicillium sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae.",10.3390/ph19010180,"""The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated by determining the minimum [SEP] inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the hybrids against four bacterial strains: B. [SEP] subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and E. ludwigii."" [SEP] ""Hybrids 58–64 and 67–71 were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity [SEP] against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas sp., and Salmonella sp. (recultured), [SEP] using Ciprofloxacin as the reference drug, as well as for their in vitro antifungal [SEP] activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium sp. [SEP] (recultured), with Fluconazole as the standard, employing the well plate method"" [SEP] ""El-Gohary and Shaaban [SEP] (2017) [67] evaluated the antimicrobial activity of hybrids 78 and 79 against Escherichia coli, [SEP] Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus 293"" [SEP] ""The hybrids were evaluated for antibacterial activity against E. [SEP] coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis, and for antifungal activity against A. niger and [SEP] C. albicans.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q7,Against which fungi and yeasts are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Penicillium sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae.",10.3390/antibiotics12071220,"“Compound S. aureus E. coli B. subtilis S. epidermitis A. niger C. albicans” [SEP] “against all tested strains B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. brasiliensis” [SEP] “B.c. S.a. P.a. E.c. A.b. C.a.” [SEP] “(E. coli, S. typhy, P. aeruginosa)” [SEP] “Proteus vulgaris ATCC 29213” [SEP] “(Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus)” [SEP] “E. faecalis”“vancomycin-resistant E. faecium” [SEP] “ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ATCC 27736” [SEP] “Compounds had weak activity against Mycobacterium bovis strain”",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q8,Against which fungi and yeasts are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Candida albicans, Candida glabrata (ATCC 90030), Candida krusei ATCC 6258, 
Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus niger",10.1039/d2ra06667j,"""Antimicrobial activities (exhibited by MIC values) including [SEP] antibacterial activities against two strains of Gram-negative (EC [SEP] – Escherichia coli and PA – Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three [SEP] strains of Gram-positive (SF – Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA, [SEP] MRSA) and antifungal activities (CA – Candida albicans and AN – [SEP] Aspergillus niger)""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q8,Against which fungi and yeasts are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Candida albicans, Candida glabrata (ATCC 90030), Candida krusei ATCC 6258, 
Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus niger",10.1038/s41598-022-21435-6,"""The MIC was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Gram-negative [SEP] Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and the antifungal activity against fungus Candida albicans ATCC 10231""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q8,Against which fungi and yeasts are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Candida albicans, Candida glabrata (ATCC 90030), Candida krusei ATCC 6258, 
Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus niger",10.1021/acsomega.2c06142,"""In vitro antifungal screening of the synthesized compounds was [SEP] assessed against C. albicans ATCC 24433, C. glabrata (ATCC [SEP] 90030), C. krusei ATCC 6258, C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019).""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q9,Against which bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922",10.1039/d2ra06667j,"""Antimicrobial activities (exhibited by MIC values) including [SEP] antibacterial activities against two strains of Gram-negative (EC [SEP] – Escherichia coli and PA – Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three [SEP] strains of Gram-positive (SF – Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA, [SEP] MRSA) and antifungal activities (CA – Candida albicans and AN – [SEP] Aspergillus niger)""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q9,Against which bacteria are benzimidazoles MICs reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922",10.1038/s41598-022-21435-6,"""The MIC was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Gram-negative [SEP] Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and the antifungal activity against fungus Candida albicans ATCC 10231""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q10,Who are the authors of the papers where benzimidazoles MICs against different microorganisms are reported in the literature published before 2020?,"Fatmah A. S. Alasmary et al., Fawzia Faleh Al‑blewi et al.",10.3390/molecules200815206,Table 3,"multimodal: table | constraints: temporal, theme",
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q10,Who are the authors of the papers where benzimidazoles MICs against different microorganisms are reported in the literature published before 2020?,"Fatmah A. S. Alasmary et al., Fawzia Faleh Al‑blewi et al.",10.1186/s13065-018-0479-1,"""compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity [SEP] against four pathogenic bacterial strains [Gram-positive: [SEP] Bacillus cereus (ATTC 10876) and Staphylococcus [SEP] aureus (ATTC 25923) and Gram-negative: Escherichia [SEP] coli (ATTC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [SEP] (ATTC 27853)] and two fungal strains [(Candida albicans [SEP] (ATTC 50193) and Aspergillus brasiliensis (ATTC [SEP] 16404)].""","constraints: temporal, theme",
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q11,Who are the authors of the papers where benzimidazoles MICs against different bacteria are reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Em Canh Pham et al., Dumitrela Diaconu et al.",10.1039/d2ra06667j,"""Antimicrobial activities (exhibited by MIC values) including [SEP] antibacterial activities against two strains of Gram-negative (EC [SEP] – Escherichia coli and PA – Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three [SEP] strains of Gram-positive (SF – Streptococcus faecalis, MSSA, [SEP] MRSA) and antifungal activities (CA – Candida albicans and AN – [SEP] Aspergillus niger)""","constraints: temporal, theme",
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q11,Who are the authors of the papers where benzimidazoles MICs against different bacteria are reported in the literature published in 2022?,"Em Canh Pham et al., Dumitrela Diaconu et al.",10.1038/s41598-022-21435-6,"""The MIC was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Gram-negative [SEP] Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and the antifungal activity against fungus Candida albicans ATCC 10231""","constraints: temporal, theme",
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q12,Who are the authors of the papers where anticancer activity of benzimidazoles is evaluated using Breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cell lines?,"Em Canh Pham et  al., Dumitrela Diaconu et al.",10.1038/s41598-022-21435-6,"""Two new classes of hybrid quinoline–imidazole/benzimidazole derivatives (the hybrid QIBS salts and [SEP] QIBC cycloadducts) were designed and synthesized to evaluate their anticancer and antimicrobial [SEP] activity.""",constraints: theme,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q12,Who are the authors of the papers where anticancer activity of benzimidazoles is evaluated using Breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cell lines?,"Em Canh Pham et  al., Dumitrela Diaconu et al.",10.1039/d2ra06667j,"""Our designed derivatives and Dovitinib anticancer [SEP] drug...""",constraints: theme,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q13,What cancer cells were used in the studies to evaluate anticancer activities of benzimidazoles according to the papers published after 2023 and before 2018?,"human glioblastoma (U373) cells, human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line,  human hepatoma cell line (HepG2), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and kidney of African green monkey (Vero B)",10.33263/BRIAC144.082,"""These Ru (II) complexes (C1-C4) had strong cytotoxic activity towards the human glioblastoma (U373) cancer cell line with low toxicity to the non-cancerous human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line.""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q13,What cancer cells were used in the studies to evaluate anticancer activities of benzimidazoles according to the papers published after 2023 and before 2018?,"human glioblastoma (U373) cells, human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line,  human hepatoma cell line (HepG2), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and kidney of African green monkey (Vero B)",10.7324/JAPS.2017.70631,"""derivatives 5-8 was designed for evaluation of their in [SEP] vitro cytotoxicity studies using MTT-based assay against three cancer cell lines namely, human hepatoma cell [SEP] line (HepG2), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and kidney of African green monkey (Vero B).""",constraints: temporal,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q14,What human breast cancer cell lines are used to evaluate anticancer activity of benzimidazoles?,"MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, HS 578T, BT-549, T-47D, MDA-MB-231/ATCC",10.7324/JAPS.2017.70631,"""derivatives 5-8 was designed for evaluation of their in [SEP] vitro cytotoxicity studies using MTT-based assay against three cancer cell lines namely, human hepatoma cell [SEP] line (HepG2), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and kidney of African green monkey (Vero B).""",none,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q14,What human breast cancer cell lines are used to evaluate anticancer activity of benzimidazoles?,"MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, HS 578T, BT-549, T-47D, MDA-MB-231/ATCC",10.1038/s41598-022-21435-6,Table 3,multimodal: table,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q15,What kidney cancer cell lines are used to evaluate anticancer activity of benzimidazoles?,"human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line, kidney of African green monkey (Vero B)",10.33263/BRIAC144.082,"""These Ru (II) complexes (C1-C4) had strong cytotoxic activity towards the human glioblastoma (U373) cancer cell line with low toxicity to the non-cancerous human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line.""",none,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q15,What kidney cancer cell lines are used to evaluate anticancer activity of benzimidazoles?,"human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line, kidney of African green monkey (Vero B)",10.7324/JAPS.2017.70631,"""derivatives 5-8 was designed for evaluation of their in [SEP] vitro cytotoxicity studies using MTT-based assay against three cancer cell lines namely, human hepatoma cell [SEP] line (HepG2), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and kidney of African green monkey (Vero B).""",none,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q16,What nanoparticle catalysts can be used in the synthesis of benzimidazoles?,"MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles",10.53555/ecb.v9:i2.17989,Scheme,multimodal: image,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q16,What nanoparticle catalysts can be used in the synthesis of benzimidazoles?,"MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles",10.19080/OMCIJ.2017.01.555568,"""A facile and green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 2-aryl-1,3-benzimidazole derivatives using ZnO nanoparticles as reusable catalyst.""",none,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q17,What limitations of conventional benzimidazoles synthesis without nanoparticle catalysts are described in literature?,"difficulty in separating the catalyst from the end product, Long reaction times and low yields, Use of toxic or costly reagents",10.53555/ecb.v9:i2.17989,"""However, the challenges in separating the catalyst from the end product ultimately result in constraints from economic and environment point of view that limit their applicability."" [SEP] ""But most of these [SEP] methods are suffered from many drawbacks such as low yield, long reaction time, toxic chemical, tedious workup procedures, costly reagents""",none,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q17,What limitations of conventional benzimidazoles synthesis without nanoparticle catalysts are described in literature?,"difficulty in separating the catalyst from the end product, Long reaction times and low yields, Use of toxic or costly reagents",10.19080/OMCIJ.2017.01.555568,"""However, most of the methods involves use of toxic catalysts, [SEP] acid reaction conditions, salts of heavy metal and expensive [SEP] Pd-catalyst, poor catalytic efficiency due to the low surface""",none,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q18,What advantages of using nanoparticle catalysts for the synthesis of benzimidazoles are mentioned in the literature?,"Easy separation, cost-effectiveness, high yields, the abiloty to recover and reuse the catalyst, large reactive surface areas, chemo-selectivity",10.53555/ecb.v9:i2.17989,"""In addition, these nanoparticles serve as an [SEP] effective catalyst in synthetic chemistry, primarily because they can be easily separated using an external [SEP] magnet."" [SEP] ""Key attributes of this protocol include its cost-effectiveness, high yields, and ecofriendliness, [SEP] enabling the production of desired products in a short timeframe. Additionally, the catalyst can [SEP] be easily recovered and reused, enhancing its practical utility..""",none,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q18,What advantages of using nanoparticle catalysts for the synthesis of benzimidazoles are mentioned in the literature?,"Easy separation, cost-effectiveness, high yields, the abiloty to recover and reuse the catalyst, large reactive surface areas, chemo-selectivity",10.19080/OMCIJ.2017.01.555568,"""Recently, catalysis by nanoparticles (NPs) has become [SEP] attractive area of research due to their large and reactive surface [SEP] areas, chemo-selectivity and ability to perform the reaction [SEP] under mild reaction conditions."" [SEP] ""...here we have demonstrated synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives using environment-friendly free-ZnO NPs as reusable catalyst at room temperature...""",none,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q19,Who are the authors of the papers where the pros and cons of using nanoparticle catalysts in the synthesis of benzimidazoles are discussed?,"Shyam Kumar Banjare, Soumen Payra, Arijit Saha and Subhash Banerjee, Gagandeep Kaur",10.53555/ecb.v9:i2.17989,Gagandeep Kaur,constraints: theme,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q19,Who are the authors of the papers where the pros and cons of using nanoparticle catalysts in the synthesis of benzimidazoles are discussed?,"Shyam Kumar Banjare, Soumen Payra, Arijit Saha and Subhash Banerjee, Gagandeep Kaur",10.19080/OMCIJ.2017.01.555568,"Shyam Kumar Banjare, Soumen Payra, Arijit Saha and Subhash Banerjee",constraints: theme,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q20,What antioxidant activity mechanisms are discussed in the literature?,"Radical Scavenging, Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) Inhibition, DPPH Radical Scavenging",10.5772/intechopen.82817,"""The antioxidant activity of the compound is due to its ability to [SEP] inactivate superoxide, hydroxyl, and peroxyl radicals, thereby reducing the overall [SEP] oxidation rate due to a decrease in the total initiation rate."" [SEP] ""The chain character of the reactions of lipid [SEP] peroxidation (LPO) causes the appearance of a whole cascade of reactive oxygen [SEP] forms, including superoxide, hydroxyl, and perhydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, [SEP] hydrogen peroxide, and their active metabolites (nitrogen oxide, hypochlorite, [SEP] etc.).""",none,
Benzimidazole_Antibiotics,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Benzimidazole_Antibiotics_s5_q20,What antioxidant activity mechanisms are discussed in the literature?,"Radical Scavenging, Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) Inhibition, DPPH Radical Scavenging",10.2339/politeknik.718979,"""In vitro antioxidant activity determinations of synthesized compounds were tested by measuring their DPPH free radical capture capacities and their effects on lipid peroxidation inhibition and EROD enzyme activity.""",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q1,Which core physical or practical properties can be considered as reasons for the dominant diagnostic role of 99mTc?,"Among the key properties are:
(A) short half-life (~6 hours),
(B) gamma radiation of approximately 140–141 keV,
(C) availability from 99Mo/99mTc generator systems,
(D) kit-based, often in-house preparation,
(E) rich/versatile coordination chemistry,
(F) high-quality SPECT images,
(G) cost-efficient availability/use in routine nuclear medicine.",10.1590/S0103-50532006000800004,“half-life time of 6 h” [SEP] “γ-energy of 140 keV” [SEP] “permanent availability of Na99mTcO4 solutions at clinical sites”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q1,Which core physical or practical properties can be considered as reasons for the dominant diagnostic role of 99mTc?,"Among the key properties are:
(A) short half-life (~6 hours),
(B) gamma radiation of approximately 140–141 keV,
(C) availability from 99Mo/99mTc generator systems,
(D) kit-based, often in-house preparation,
(E) rich/versatile coordination chemistry,
(F) high-quality SPECT images,
(G) cost-efficient availability/use in routine nuclear medicine.",10.3390/nano11113022,"“distinguished nuclear properties include a suitable half-life (6.0 h), isomeric decay to a ground state, monochromatic gamma-ray emission (140.5 keV, 98.5%), highly stable coordination chemistry, and high-quality SPECT images”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q1,Which core physical or practical properties can be considered as reasons for the dominant diagnostic role of 99mTc?,"Among the key properties are:
(A) short half-life (~6 hours),
(B) gamma radiation of approximately 140–141 keV,
(C) availability from 99Mo/99mTc generator systems,
(D) kit-based, often in-house preparation,
(E) rich/versatile coordination chemistry,
(F) high-quality SPECT images,
(G) cost-efficient availability/use in routine nuclear medicine.",10.3390/ijms17071085,"“99mTc is desirable due to its ideal physical properties (γ-emission of 141 keV, t1/2 = 6 h)” [SEP] “readily obtained by daily elution from 99Mo/99mTc-generator”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q1,Which core physical or practical properties can be considered as reasons for the dominant diagnostic role of 99mTc?,"Among the key properties are:
(A) short half-life (~6 hours),
(B) gamma radiation of approximately 140–141 keV,
(C) availability from 99Mo/99mTc generator systems,
(D) kit-based, often in-house preparation,
(E) rich/versatile coordination chemistry,
(F) high-quality SPECT images,
(G) cost-efficient availability/use in routine nuclear medicine.",10.3390/molecules27041188,“The favorable nuclear properties in combination with the rich coordination chemistry make technetium-99m the radioisotope of choice”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q1,Which core physical or practical properties can be considered as reasons for the dominant diagnostic role of 99mTc?,"Among the key properties are:
(A) short half-life (~6 hours),
(B) gamma radiation of approximately 140–141 keV,
(C) availability from 99Mo/99mTc generator systems,
(D) kit-based, often in-house preparation,
(E) rich/versatile coordination chemistry,
(F) high-quality SPECT images,
(G) cost-efficient availability/use in routine nuclear medicine.",10.3389/fchem.2022.926258,"""The 99m Tc labeled radiopharmaceuticals are prepared mostly in-house by using kit formulations. 99m Tc is conveniently derived from 99Mo/ 99m Tc generator systems""",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q2,Which chelator system offers the highest specific activity and the lowest cold-mass burden in the compared 68Ga labeling studies published in the literature before 2020?,"TRAP(RGD)3. It routinely reaches about 5,000 GBq/μmol, can exceed 10,000 GBq/μmol, and corresponds to only 0.11 μg cold mass for a 185 MBq dose.",10.1186/2191-219X-2-28,"“Compared to NOTA- and DOTA-peptides, achievable specific activity (AS) for TRAP-peptide is approximately 10 and 20 times higher, respectively. AS values in the range of 5,000 GBq/μmol were routinely obtained using 1 GBq of 68Ga, equivalent to 0.11 μg of cold mass for a 185-MBq patient dose of a 3-kDa conjugate.”",constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q2,Which chelator system offers the highest specific activity and the lowest cold-mass burden in the compared 68Ga labeling studies published in the literature before 2020?,"TRAP(RGD)3. It routinely reaches about 5,000 GBq/μmol, can exceed 10,000 GBq/μmol, and corresponds to only 0.11 μg cold mass for a 185 MBq dose.",10.1186/2191-219X-2-28,"“The use of even lower amounts of TRAP(RGD)3 (17 pmol) frequently resulted in preparations with extremely high AS of >10,000 GBq/μmol”",constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q3,"What shortcomings of earlier imaging agents, radiotracers, or imaging strategies are explicitly identified as motivations for designing new technetium tricarbonyl compounds for cancer or infection applications?","The motivations include inadequate selectivity and high urinary excretion of steroid-agonist androgen-receptor tracers; limited or inconclusive biological performance of earlier technetium-labeled antiandrogen derivatives; the scarcity of 99mTc-labeled TSPO ligands; low tumor specificity and undesirable thoracoabdominal accumulation of earlier mitochondria-targeted TPP radioprobes; inability of CT and MRI to distinguish infection from sterile inflammation; labor intensity, blood handling, contamination risk, and limited sensitivity of radiolabeled white-blood-cell SPECT in some settings; lack of specificity of 18F-FDG for infection imaging; and inconsistent specificity plus insufficient structural characterization in earlier 99mTc-ciprofloxacin systems.",10.3390/molecules28020820,“steroid-agonist-based radiopharmaceuticals generally have inadequate selectivity” “High urinary excretion is also an important drawback” [SEP] “In vitro assays showed limited uptake” “no biological evaluation in AR-positive cells or tumor-bearing animals is presented”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q3,"What shortcomings of earlier imaging agents, radiotracers, or imaging strategies are explicitly identified as motivations for designing new technetium tricarbonyl compounds for cancer or infection applications?","The motivations include inadequate selectivity and high urinary excretion of steroid-agonist androgen-receptor tracers; limited or inconclusive biological performance of earlier technetium-labeled antiandrogen derivatives; the scarcity of 99mTc-labeled TSPO ligands; low tumor specificity and undesirable thoracoabdominal accumulation of earlier mitochondria-targeted TPP radioprobes; inability of CT and MRI to distinguish infection from sterile inflammation; labor intensity, blood handling, contamination risk, and limited sensitivity of radiolabeled white-blood-cell SPECT in some settings; lack of specificity of 18F-FDG for infection imaging; and inconsistent specificity plus insufficient structural characterization in earlier 99mTc-ciprofloxacin systems.",10.3390/ijms17071085,“few 99mTc-labeled ligands have been reported so far”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q3,"What shortcomings of earlier imaging agents, radiotracers, or imaging strategies are explicitly identified as motivations for designing new technetium tricarbonyl compounds for cancer or infection applications?","The motivations include inadequate selectivity and high urinary excretion of steroid-agonist androgen-receptor tracers; limited or inconclusive biological performance of earlier technetium-labeled antiandrogen derivatives; the scarcity of 99mTc-labeled TSPO ligands; low tumor specificity and undesirable thoracoabdominal accumulation of earlier mitochondria-targeted TPP radioprobes; inability of CT and MRI to distinguish infection from sterile inflammation; labor intensity, blood handling, contamination risk, and limited sensitivity of radiolabeled white-blood-cell SPECT in some settings; lack of specificity of 18F-FDG for infection imaging; and inconsistent specificity plus insufficient structural characterization in earlier 99mTc-ciprofloxacin systems.",10.3390/molecules26020441,“low tumor specificity and/or high undesirable buildup in the chest and abdomen”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q3,"What shortcomings of earlier imaging agents, radiotracers, or imaging strategies are explicitly identified as motivations for designing new technetium tricarbonyl compounds for cancer or infection applications?","The motivations include inadequate selectivity and high urinary excretion of steroid-agonist androgen-receptor tracers; limited or inconclusive biological performance of earlier technetium-labeled antiandrogen derivatives; the scarcity of 99mTc-labeled TSPO ligands; low tumor specificity and undesirable thoracoabdominal accumulation of earlier mitochondria-targeted TPP radioprobes; inability of CT and MRI to distinguish infection from sterile inflammation; labor intensity, blood handling, contamination risk, and limited sensitivity of radiolabeled white-blood-cell SPECT in some settings; lack of specificity of 18F-FDG for infection imaging; and inconsistent specificity plus insufficient structural characterization in earlier 99mTc-ciprofloxacin systems.",10.3390/pharmaceutics16091210,"“fail to distinguish bacterial infections from sterile inflammation” [SEP] “WBC SPECT is labor-intensive, requires blood handling, and may pose contamination risks” [SEP] “lack specificity” [SEP] “inconsistencies in the binding specificity” [SEP] “lack of structural characterization”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q4,"What solution or minimum-energy coordination geometries do the Gd complexes of DOTA, DTPA, and KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3 adopt?","Gd-DOTA is square antiprismatic or twisted square antiprismatic, Gd-DTPA is distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic, and Gd-KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3 is distorted octahedral.",10.1038/s41467-019-09342-3,“SAP or twisted SAP” [SEP] “[Ln(dtpa)]2− distorted TTP geometry”.,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q4,"What solution or minimum-energy coordination geometries do the Gd complexes of DOTA, DTPA, and KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3 adopt?","Gd-DOTA is square antiprismatic or twisted square antiprismatic, Gd-DTPA is distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic, and Gd-KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3 is distorted octahedral.",10.3390/molecules30061295,“distorted octahedral geometry”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q5,"What structural and stability-related limitations of the standard hydroxamate-based zirconium-89 chelator motivate the search for alternative octadentate ligands, and what biological consequence is associated with those limitations?","The limitations are an incompletely saturated coordination environment around Zr(IV), because three hydroxamate groups do not fully occupy the preferred eight-coordinate sphere; completion of coordination by water molecules or other weakly bound donors; and consequently limited in vivo stability. The biological consequence explicitly linked to these limitations is release of zirconium-89 followed by elevated accumulation or retention in bone.",10.1186/s41181-024-00263-1,"“The two water molecules are probably responsible for the limited in vivo stability of the [89Zr]Zr-DFO complex.” [SEP] “In fact, high stability of 89Zr-based radiotracers is crucial to prevent the accumulation of the radionuclide in bone to ensure high-resolution PET images.”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q5,"What structural and stability-related limitations of the standard hydroxamate-based zirconium-89 chelator motivate the search for alternative octadentate ligands, and what biological consequence is associated with those limitations?","The limitations are an incompletely saturated coordination environment around Zr(IV), because three hydroxamate groups do not fully occupy the preferred eight-coordinate sphere; completion of coordination by water molecules or other weakly bound donors; and consequently limited in vivo stability. The biological consequence explicitly linked to these limitations is release of zirconium-89 followed by elevated accumulation or retention in bone.",10.1371/journal.pone.0178767,"“Although DFO contains three hydroxamate groups, which seem to provide effective chelation for 89Zr in vitro, this leaves 2 empty coordination sites for the 8-coordinate 89Zr and published reports described elevated bone retention in murine models receiving injections of 89Zr-DFO-labeled agents.”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q6,Which endogenous anions and metal ions act as competing species or promote gadolinium demetallation under physiological conditions?,"Under physiological conditions, gadolinium can compete with phosphates, carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, lactates, and citrates, and it can also be displaced by Zn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, and Fe3+.",10.1038/s41598-018-22511-6,"“phosphates, carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, lactates, and citrates” and “Fe3+, Ca2+, and Zn2+”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q6,Which endogenous anions and metal ions act as competing species or promote gadolinium demetallation under physiological conditions?,"Under physiological conditions, gadolinium can compete with phosphates, carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, lactates, and citrates, and it can also be displaced by Zn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, and Fe3+.",10.3390/molecules30061295,“endogenous anions such as PO43− and CO32−” and “metal ions including Zn2+ and Cu2+”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q7,"Which ligand-design modifications are linked to improved zirconium-89 complexation, water solubility, scaffold functionality, or preservation of biological recognition after conjugation in the literature published in 2017 and 2024?",The modifications include moving from primary hydroxamate or catecholate motifs toward N-methylhydroxamate donors when higher chelation performance is desired; introducing polyoxyethylene spacers to increase flexibility and hydrophilicity and thereby promote rapid formation of water-soluble stable complexes; adjusting macrocyclic rigidity or partial decoupling of a coordinating unit to accelerate radiolabeling kinetics; incorporating pendant primary amines or maleimide groups to enable further bioconjugation; and conjugating a DFO chelator to a peptide vector while retaining favorable radiochemistry and receptor-binding behavior.,10.1186/s41181-024-00263-1,“N-methylhydroxamate proved to be the most effective 89Zr-chelating group.” [SEP] “the increased flexibility and hydrophilicity obtained by using polyoxyethylene groups spacing the hydroxamate units led to chelators capable of rapidly forming (15 min) stable and water-soluble complexes with 89Zr.” [SEP] “a maleimide moiety was introduced to apply one of the most promising ligands in bioconjugation reactions through Thiol-Michael chemistry.”,constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q7,"Which ligand-design modifications are linked to improved zirconium-89 complexation, water solubility, scaffold functionality, or preservation of biological recognition after conjugation in the literature published in 2017 and 2024?",The modifications include moving from primary hydroxamate or catecholate motifs toward N-methylhydroxamate donors when higher chelation performance is desired; introducing polyoxyethylene spacers to increase flexibility and hydrophilicity and thereby promote rapid formation of water-soluble stable complexes; adjusting macrocyclic rigidity or partial decoupling of a coordinating unit to accelerate radiolabeling kinetics; incorporating pendant primary amines or maleimide groups to enable further bioconjugation; and conjugating a DFO chelator to a peptide vector while retaining favorable radiochemistry and receptor-binding behavior.,10.1371/journal.pone.0178767,"“Accordingly, we reduced the structural rigidity of 1 by partially uncoupling one of the isophthalamide coordinating units to yield 2. Using this strategy, the time and temperature needed to quantitatively radiolabel 2 with 89Zr decreased markedly.” “These ligands contain 2-hydroxyisophthalamide units for octadentate coordination of Zr4+ and a pendant arm containing a primary amine, which can be easily functionalized for conjugation to a variety of targeting ligands.”",constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q7,"Which ligand-design modifications are linked to improved zirconium-89 complexation, water solubility, scaffold functionality, or preservation of biological recognition after conjugation in the literature published in 2017 and 2024?",The modifications include moving from primary hydroxamate or catecholate motifs toward N-methylhydroxamate donors when higher chelation performance is desired; introducing polyoxyethylene spacers to increase flexibility and hydrophilicity and thereby promote rapid formation of water-soluble stable complexes; adjusting macrocyclic rigidity or partial decoupling of a coordinating unit to accelerate radiolabeling kinetics; incorporating pendant primary amines or maleimide groups to enable further bioconjugation; and conjugating a DFO chelator to a peptide vector while retaining favorable radiochemistry and receptor-binding behavior.,10.1186/s41181-024-00320-9,"“The results of these studies support that neither the conjugation of DFO to TOC, or radiolabeling DFO with 89Zr, affect the radiochemistry or in vitro binding affinity of TOC to SSTR.”",constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q8,"Which tissues or organs remain above 1% of the administered dose 1 day after contamination for untreated 153Gd, and 24 hours post-injection for 67Ga-KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3?","After 1 day, untreated 153Gd remains above 1% in the skeleton, soft and abdominal tissues, liver, and kidneys, whereas  67Ga–KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3 remains above 1% only in the kidneys.",10.1038/s41598-018-22511-6,"“skeleton (41% RD), soft and abdominal tissues (4% RD), and excretory organs (liver 11% RD, kidneys 1% RD)”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q8,"Which tissues or organs remain above 1% of the administered dose 1 day after contamination for untreated 153Gd, and 24 hours post-injection for 67Ga-KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3?","After 1 day, untreated 153Gd remains above 1% in the skeleton, soft and abdominal tissues, liver, and kidneys, whereas  67Ga–KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3 remains above 1% only in the kidneys.",10.1038/s41467-019-09342-3,"“% I.A./organ is lower than 1% for all major organs, except for the kidney”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q9,What infrastructural and workflow-related advantages are cited as reasons why generator-produced gallium-68 PET tracers could be deployed more widely in hospitals and imaging centres with limited radiochemistry infrastructure?,"These advantages include cyclotron-independent on-site isotope access; daily availability from generator systems; the possibility of simple, robust, and reliable radiopharmaceutical production; reduced dependence on complex equipment, automated synthesis modules, or extensive radiochemical expertise; and the prospect of broader PET implementation in hospitals and centres with less-developed infrastructure. Collectively, these features are presented as enabling wider clinical dissemination of gallium-68 PET in a way analogous to earlier generator-based nuclear-medicine practice.",10.1186/2191-219X-2-28,"“With the commercial availability of 68Ge/68Ga generators, cyclotron-independent on-site production of tracers for positron-emission tomography (PET) has become widely feasible.” [SEP] “a ubiquitous implementation of PET and PET/CT even in regions with less well-developed infrastructure can be expected”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q9,What infrastructural and workflow-related advantages are cited as reasons why generator-produced gallium-68 PET tracers could be deployed more widely in hospitals and imaging centres with limited radiochemistry infrastructure?,"These advantages include cyclotron-independent on-site isotope access; daily availability from generator systems; the possibility of simple, robust, and reliable radiopharmaceutical production; reduced dependence on complex equipment, automated synthesis modules, or extensive radiochemical expertise; and the prospect of broader PET implementation in hospitals and centres with less-developed infrastructure. Collectively, these features are presented as enabling wider clinical dissemination of gallium-68 PET in a way analogous to earlier generator-based nuclear-medicine practice.",10.1186/s13550-015-0131-1,“The 68Ge/68Ga generator (68Ge t½ = 270 days) provides hospitals daily access to 68Ga without expensive cyclotron facilities.” [SEP] “the 68Ge/68Ga generator has the potential to become the ‘PET equivalent’ of the 99Mo/99mTc generator” “without the need for costly automated synthesis modules”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q9,What infrastructural and workflow-related advantages are cited as reasons why generator-produced gallium-68 PET tracers could be deployed more widely in hospitals and imaging centres with limited radiochemistry infrastructure?,"These advantages include cyclotron-independent on-site isotope access; daily availability from generator systems; the possibility of simple, robust, and reliable radiopharmaceutical production; reduced dependence on complex equipment, automated synthesis modules, or extensive radiochemical expertise; and the prospect of broader PET implementation in hospitals and centres with less-developed infrastructure. Collectively, these features are presented as enabling wider clinical dissemination of gallium-68 PET in a way analogous to earlier generator-based nuclear-medicine practice.",10.1186/s13550-019-0516-7,"“The widespread use of 68Ga for positron emission tomography (PET) relies on the development of radiopharmaceutical precursors that can be radiolabelled and dispensed in a simple, quick, and convenient manner.” [SEP] “The results illustrate the potential of the DATA-chelator to facilitate the access to and preparation of 68Ga-radiotracers in a routine clinical radiopharmacy setting.”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q10,"Which somatostatin receptor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals have approval, orphan designation, or registration for neuroendocrine tumour imaging or therapy up to 2025?","[111In]In-pentetreotide, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC, [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-TOC, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE",10.1186/s41181-024-00320-9,"""DA-approval of five SSTR-target-ing radiopharmaceuticals including the imaging agents [111In]In-pentetreotide, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC, and the therapeutic agent [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE""",constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q10,"Which somatostatin receptor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals have approval, orphan designation, or registration for neuroendocrine tumour imaging or therapy up to 2025?","[111In]In-pentetreotide, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC, [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-TOC, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE",10.1186/s13550-019-0516-7,"“[68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE are currently being used in clinical settings for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs).Furthermore, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE acquired FDA approval as a diagnostic PET radiopharmaceutical for the visualisation of NET lesions (FDA News Release, June 1,2016), following the ‘orphan drug’ designation to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC by FDA [7], and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC was approved by European Medicines Agency.”",constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q10,"Which somatostatin receptor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals have approval, orphan designation, or registration for neuroendocrine tumour imaging or therapy up to 2025?","[111In]In-pentetreotide, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC, [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-TOC, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE",10.1186/s13550-018-0428-y,“HYNIC-TOC is registered in some European countries.”,constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q11,"How do precursor amount and attainable specific activity or molar activity relate across the gallium-68 chelator systems, from very-high-specific-activity automated syntheses to ambient-temperature kit-type preparations?","The quantitative range spans several orders of magnitude. The phosphinate-based system reaches the highest values, with very-high-specific-activity preparations in the multi-thousand GBq/μmol range and acceptable yields even at subnanomole precursor amounts. The tris(hydroxypyridinone) octreotate system operates at lower but still substantial activity loadings, around 60–80 MBq/nmol, with >95% yield when 10 nmol precursor is used. The hybrid diazepine-triacetate octreotide system reaches up to 35 MBq/nmol with >95% labeling efficiency. Thus, the literature distinguishes between exceptionally high-specific-activity automated synthesis and milder kit-type preparation that still affords clinically useful molar activity.",10.1186/2191-219X-2-28,"Table 1, “AS values in the range of 5,000 GBq/μmol were routinely obtained using 1 GBq of 68Ga”",multimodal: table,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q11,"How do precursor amount and attainable specific activity or molar activity relate across the gallium-68 chelator systems, from very-high-specific-activity automated syntheses to ambient-temperature kit-type preparations?","The quantitative range spans several orders of magnitude. The phosphinate-based system reaches the highest values, with very-high-specific-activity preparations in the multi-thousand GBq/μmol range and acceptable yields even at subnanomole precursor amounts. The tris(hydroxypyridinone) octreotate system operates at lower but still substantial activity loadings, around 60–80 MBq/nmol, with >95% yield when 10 nmol precursor is used. The hybrid diazepine-triacetate octreotide system reaches up to 35 MBq/nmol with >95% labeling efficiency. Thus, the literature distinguishes between exceptionally high-specific-activity automated synthesis and milder kit-type preparation that still affords clinically useful molar activity.",10.1186/s13550-015-0131-1,"“specific activities of 60–80 MBq nmol−1 at ambient temperature” [SEP] “Provided 25 μg (equivalent to 10 nmol) of THP-TATE is utilised, radiochemical yields >95 % are routinely achievable.”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q11,"How do precursor amount and attainable specific activity or molar activity relate across the gallium-68 chelator systems, from very-high-specific-activity automated syntheses to ambient-temperature kit-type preparations?","The quantitative range spans several orders of magnitude. The phosphinate-based system reaches the highest values, with very-high-specific-activity preparations in the multi-thousand GBq/μmol range and acceptable yields even at subnanomole precursor amounts. The tris(hydroxypyridinone) octreotate system operates at lower but still substantial activity loadings, around 60–80 MBq/nmol, with >95% yield when 10 nmol precursor is used. The hybrid diazepine-triacetate octreotide system reaches up to 35 MBq/nmol with >95% labeling efficiency. Thus, the literature distinguishes between exceptionally high-specific-activity automated synthesis and milder kit-type preparation that still affords clinically useful molar activity.",10.1186/s13550-019-0516-7,“A molar activity up to 35 MBq/nmol was achieved.” [SEP] “DATA-TOC was labelled with 68Ga with a radiolabelling efficiency of > 95% in less than 10 min at ambient temperature.”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q12,Which experimental control strategies are used to demonstrate that uptake of gallium-68-labeled scaffold proteins is target-mediated in vitro and in vivo?,"The control strategies include receptor blockade with an excess of non-labeled targeting protein, comparison of blocked and nonblocked cell uptake, use of antigen-positive and antigen-negative tumor models, and in vivo co-injection of excess unlabeled targeting scaffold to suppress uptake in tumors and target-expressing normal organs.",10.1186/s41181-025-00380-5,“no signal is identifiable in mesothelin negative tumors” [SEP] “The in vivo specificity of [99mTc]Tc-A1-His binding to mesothelin positive tumors was further confirmed by in vivo competition experiments”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q12,Which experimental control strategies are used to demonstrate that uptake of gallium-68-labeled scaffold proteins is target-mediated in vitro and in vivo?,"The control strategies include receptor blockade with an excess of non-labeled targeting protein, comparison of blocked and nonblocked cell uptake, use of antigen-positive and antigen-negative tumor models, and in vivo co-injection of excess unlabeled targeting scaffold to suppress uptake in tumors and target-expressing normal organs.",10.1038/s41598-019-54149-3,"“HER3 receptors were pre-saturated by addition of 50 nM unlabeled ZHER3, resulting in a significant decrease of activity uptake” [SEP] “Injection of excess amount of unlabeled HER3-targeting affibody molecules resulted in significant decrease of uptake in mErbB3 expressing organs and in the tumors, confirming HER3-mediated uptake of the molecules”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q12,Which experimental control strategies are used to demonstrate that uptake of gallium-68-labeled scaffold proteins is target-mediated in vitro and in vivo?,"The control strategies include receptor blockade with an excess of non-labeled targeting protein, comparison of blocked and nonblocked cell uptake, use of antigen-positive and antigen-negative tumor models, and in vivo co-injection of excess unlabeled targeting scaffold to suppress uptake in tumors and target-expressing normal organs.",10.1186/s41181-025-00347-6,“Blocking the EpCAM receptors with an excess of non-labelled Ec1 resulted in a significant (p< 0.05) decrease of binding of all 68Ga-labelled Ec1 conjugates in the blocked groups compared to the nonblocked ones” [SEP] “the uptake of all 68Ga-labelled conjugates was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in EpCAM-positive SKOV-3 xenografts than in EpCAM-negative Ramos xenografts”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q13,"Which mechanistic explanations are proposed in articles published by Guessan et al., Rinne et al. and Vorobyeva et al. for chelator-dependent differences in blood, liver, kidney, spleen, or bone uptake of gallium-68-labeled scaffold proteins?","The proposed explanations include differences in local or overall charge of the radiometal-chelator complex; altered interaction with blood proteins caused by free carboxylate groups or chelator density; reduced nonspecific hepatic uptake with more negatively charged complexes; release of gallium-68 from less stable chelates followed by transferrin binding or gallium-hydroxide colloid formation, contributing to blood, liver, spleen, and bone activity; and changes in renal handling that may reflect chelator type, chelator-to-protein ratio, hydrophilicity, protein binding, or overall charge.",10.1186/s41181-025-00380-5,"“A higher chelator density might affect the overall charge, hydrophilicity, and protein binding properties of the sdAb, potentially reducing renal reabsorption and facilitating faster renal clearance. Moreover, the net charges of the conjugates could also have an impact on their in vivo kinetics”",constraints: source,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q13,"Which mechanistic explanations are proposed in articles published by Guessan et al., Rinne et al. and Vorobyeva et al. for chelator-dependent differences in blood, liver, kidney, spleen, or bone uptake of gallium-68-labeled scaffold proteins?","The proposed explanations include differences in local or overall charge of the radiometal-chelator complex; altered interaction with blood proteins caused by free carboxylate groups or chelator density; reduced nonspecific hepatic uptake with more negatively charged complexes; release of gallium-68 from less stable chelates followed by transferrin binding or gallium-hydroxide colloid formation, contributing to blood, liver, spleen, and bone activity; and changes in renal handling that may reflect chelator type, chelator-to-protein ratio, hydrophilicity, protein binding, or overall charge.",10.1038/s41598-019-54149-3,"“presence of free carboxylic groups in [68Ga]Ga-DOTA and [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA complexes can change the interaction with blood proteins” [SEP] “Release of 68Ga from the chelator could result in trans-chelation to transferrin or the formation of gallium-hydroxide colloids” “the negatively charged 68Ga-DOTAGA complex indeed reduced the hepatic uptake, but did not improve the overall imaging properties”",constraints: source,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q13,"Which mechanistic explanations are proposed in articles published by Guessan et al., Rinne et al. and Vorobyeva et al. for chelator-dependent differences in blood, liver, kidney, spleen, or bone uptake of gallium-68-labeled scaffold proteins?","The proposed explanations include differences in local or overall charge of the radiometal-chelator complex; altered interaction with blood proteins caused by free carboxylate groups or chelator density; reduced nonspecific hepatic uptake with more negatively charged complexes; release of gallium-68 from less stable chelates followed by transferrin binding or gallium-hydroxide colloid formation, contributing to blood, liver, spleen, and bone activity; and changes in renal handling that may reflect chelator type, chelator-to-protein ratio, hydrophilicity, protein binding, or overall charge.",10.1186/s41181-025-00347-6,“A part of the released gallium-68 could bind to blood proteins and accumulate in bone resulting in delayed blood clearance and elevated bone uptake” [SEP] “The differences in uptake and retention of activity might be due to the differences in local charge and spatial geometry of the radiometal-chelator complexes”,constraints: source,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q14,"Across the quantitative chelator-comparison tables from the articles published from 2021 to 2024 for copper-64 systems, what numerical profile characterizes a high-performing complex?","A high-performing copper-64 complex typically shows radiolabeling efficiency of about ≥95%, serum stability above 95% over 24–48 h, strong challenge stability with >85% intact complex after 24 h in DOTA challenge and >70% after 24 h in cysteine challenge, hydrophilic to moderately hydrophilic behavior with logD7.4 around −3.0 to −2.8, and target binding in the low-nanomolar to low-tens-of-nanomolar range.",10.1186/s41181-024-00243-5,"Table 1, “The resulting log D7.4 values were –3.00 for the NODA-GA-derivative [64Cu]Cu-14, –2.11 for CB-TE2A-conjugated [64Cu]Cu-15 and –2.79 for monomeric DiAmSar-complex [64Cu]Cu-16.” [SEP] “All four radioligands exhibited high proteolytic stability (>95%) up to 48 h post-radiolabeling.” [SEP] “Saturation binding yielded moderate affinities toward PD-L1, ranging from 100 to 265 nM.” [SEP] “Real-time radioligand binding provided more promising KD values around 20 nM for [64Cu]Cu-14 and [64Cu]Cu-15.”",multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q14,"Across the quantitative chelator-comparison tables from the articles published from 2021 to 2024 for copper-64 systems, what numerical profile characterizes a high-performing complex?","A high-performing copper-64 complex typically shows radiolabeling efficiency of about ≥95%, serum stability above 95% over 24–48 h, strong challenge stability with >85% intact complex after 24 h in DOTA challenge and >70% after 24 h in cysteine challenge, hydrophilic to moderately hydrophilic behavior with logD7.4 around −3.0 to −2.8, and target binding in the low-nanomolar to low-tens-of-nanomolar range.",10.1186/s13550-021-00746-1,"Table 2, “under these conditions, the [64Cu]Cu2+ complexes exhibited a noteworthy resistance to ligand-exchange, remaining >85% at the latest time point (24 h).” [SEP] “As reported in Table 2, all the complexes showed relatively high stability as they remained >70% intact after 24 h.” [SEP] “As illustrated in Figure 7, [64Cu][Cu(DO2A2S)] was found to be highly stable in human serum with >99% of intact complex over 24 h.”",multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q15,What chemical and operational features make fac-[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ a suitable precursor for radiolabeling proteins and other biomolecules?,The relevant features are: one-step aqueous preparation from generator-eluted pertechnetate; labile aqua ligands that are readily replaced during complex formation; easy preparation and ligand substitution in water; small size and inertness of the tricarbonyl core; the ability to form stable complexes with only two to three coordination sites; and compatibility with site-specific labeling strategies such as His-tag coordination.,10.1186/2191-219X-4-14,"“The incorporation of a hexahistidine sequence (His-tag) in a recombinant protein can be used to site-specifically radiolabel with 99mTc-tricarbonyl ([99mTc(CO)3]+).” [SEP] “Ideally, radiolabelling would be achieved rapidly, under mild conditions, to a high specific activity and preferably in a simple one-pot kit-based method without the need for subsequent purification steps.”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q15,What chemical and operational features make fac-[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ a suitable precursor for radiolabeling proteins and other biomolecules?,The relevant features are: one-step aqueous preparation from generator-eluted pertechnetate; labile aqua ligands that are readily replaced during complex formation; easy preparation and ligand substitution in water; small size and inertness of the tricarbonyl core; the ability to form stable complexes with only two to three coordination sites; and compatibility with site-specific labeling strategies such as His-tag coordination.,10.1021/acsomega.4c05699,"“The +1 oxidation state of these metals can be accessed and stabilized through the synthesis of a [M(CO)3(OH2)3]+ precursor.” [SEP] “The [M(CO)3(OH2)3]+ precursors can be reacted with bifunctional chelators, during which the labile water ligands are replaced to form metal complexes.”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q15,What chemical and operational features make fac-[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ a suitable precursor for radiolabeling proteins and other biomolecules?,The relevant features are: one-step aqueous preparation from generator-eluted pertechnetate; labile aqua ligands that are readily replaced during complex formation; easy preparation and ligand substitution in water; small size and inertness of the tricarbonyl core; the ability to form stable complexes with only two to three coordination sites; and compatibility with site-specific labeling strategies such as His-tag coordination.,10.1098/rsos.191247,"“There are several advantages of using [99mTc]Tc(CO)3 to radiolabel biomolecules—easy preparation, easy substitution of its ligands in water media, smaller size and inertness.” [SEP] “technetium tricarbonyl, [99mTc][Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+, which only need two to three coordination sites to form a stable complex”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q16,"What are the pH-dependent distribution pattern of Gd-KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3, and what is DTPA protonation-state distribution for the evaluation Gd-DTPA in seawater?","For KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3, H3L predominates from pH 3.4–9.9, and GdL starts forming near pH 3.5 and dominates from pH 4.8. For DTPA in seawater at pH 8.2, speciation is dominated by HL4− and H2L3−, while L5− is minor.",10.3390/molecules30061295,"“The species distribution plot in Figure 2 shows the predominance of the neutral H3L species in the pH range 3.4–9.9” [SEP] “the neutral GdL complex begins to form at pH ca 3.5, and becomes prevalent at pH 4.8”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q16,"What are the pH-dependent distribution pattern of Gd-KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3, and what is DTPA protonation-state distribution for the evaluation Gd-DTPA in seawater?","For KEMPPr(3,4-HP)3, H3L predominates from pH 3.4–9.9, and GdL starts forming near pH 3.5 and dominates from pH 4.8. For DTPA in seawater at pH 8.2, speciation is dominated by HL4− and H2L3−, while L5− is minor.",10.3389/fmars.2018.00111,"“only three forms of DTPA are relevant at this pH; about 56.5% is present as the single-protonated species, 39.6% as the double-protonated species, and 3.9% as the deprotonated species”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q17,"Which structural elements, approval status, and clinical role define [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in recurrent prostate cancer imaging?","[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 is a Glu-Urea-Lys PSMA inhibitor linked through an Ahx spacer to HBED-CC. It is the first and only FDA-approved metal-based PSMA-i radiopharmaceutical for suspected biochemical recurrence and, in recurrent disease, the investigation of choice.",10.3390/molecules27092617,"“Gallium [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, is the first and only metal-based RP including a PSMA-i pharmacophore approved by FDA for patients with PCa and suspected biochemical recurrence [37]. It consists of a Glu-Urea-Lys inhibitor motif conjugated via an aminohexanoic (Ahx) spacer to the high Ga-specific acyclic chelator N,N’-bis[2 -hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]-ethylene-diamine-N,N-diacetic acid (HBED-CC).”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q17,"Which structural elements, approval status, and clinical role define [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in recurrent prostate cancer imaging?","[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 is a Glu-Urea-Lys PSMA inhibitor linked through an Ahx spacer to HBED-CC. It is the first and only FDA-approved metal-based PSMA-i radiopharmaceutical for suspected biochemical recurrence and, in recurrent disease, the investigation of choice.",10.1186/s40644-022-00489-9,"“[68Ga]PSMA-11 PET-CT has emerged as an efficient diagnostic tool in PCa management especially in the context of biochemical recurrence, where it has rapidly become the investigation of choice [9–12].”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q18,What limitations of DFO-based zirconium-89 chemistry motivate continued development of alternative chelators?,"The main limitations are that DFO does not fully saturate the Zr(IV) coordination sphere, leaving the complex vulnerable to in vivo instability, transchelation, and bone accumulation. In addition, residual oxalate can suppress DFO complex formation, and uncertainty about Zr-DFO speciation has complicated prediction of radiochemical performance.",10.1186/s41181-024-00263-1,"“The two water molecules are probably responsible for the limited in vivo stability of the [89Zr]Zr-DFO complex, encouraging the development of more stable radiotracers for human applications.”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q18,What limitations of DFO-based zirconium-89 chemistry motivate continued development of alternative chelators?,"The main limitations are that DFO does not fully saturate the Zr(IV) coordination sphere, leaving the complex vulnerable to in vivo instability, transchelation, and bone accumulation. In addition, residual oxalate can suppress DFO complex formation, and uncertainty about Zr-DFO speciation has complicated prediction of radiochemical performance.",10.3390/molecules23030638,"“Current scientific consensus suggests that the unsaturated coordination sphere of [89Zr]Zr-DFO in combination with perturbation by endogenous serum proteins during the extended circulation of the mAb-based radiopharmaceutical is responsible for this observed instability, 89Zr transchelation, and eventual deposition into the phosphate-rich hydroxylapatite matrix found in bone”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q18,What limitations of DFO-based zirconium-89 chemistry motivate continued development of alternative chelators?,"The main limitations are that DFO does not fully saturate the Zr(IV) coordination sphere, leaving the complex vulnerable to in vivo instability, transchelation, and bone accumulation. In addition, residual oxalate can suppress DFO complex formation, and uncertainty about Zr-DFO speciation has complicated prediction of radiochemical performance.",10.3390/molecules26164977,“residual oxalate inhibits Zr-DFO complex formation.” [SEP] “The radiolabeling condition is therefore simply modelled as competition between ZrHDFO and Zr(ox)4.”,none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q19,What chelator-related factors are identified as causes of copper-complex instability or altered in vivo pharmacokinetics?,"The main factors are Cu2+/Cu+ redox switching with subsequent demetallation, insufficient kinetic inertness of some Cu2+ chelates, and chelator-dependent differences in charge and lipophilicity. These factors are linked to transchelation, nonspecific uptake, and shifts between renal and hepatobiliary clearance.",10.3390/molecules27134158,"“the biologically triggered Cu2+-Cu+ redox switching may constrain the in vivo integrity of the resulting complex, leading to demetallation processes” [SEP] “high background noise and the undesirable dose to off-target organs”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q19,What chelator-related factors are identified as causes of copper-complex instability or altered in vivo pharmacokinetics?,"The main factors are Cu2+/Cu+ redox switching with subsequent demetallation, insufficient kinetic inertness of some Cu2+ chelates, and chelator-dependent differences in charge and lipophilicity. These factors are linked to transchelation, nonspecific uptake, and shifts between renal and hepatobiliary clearance.",10.1186/s41181-024-00243-5,"“the employed radiometal does influence the choice of available chelators” [SEP] “When selecting a chelator, considerations should encompass not only thermodynamic and kinetic stability but also factors like hydrophilicity and the charge of the chelator. These aspects play substantial roles in the process of radiotracer development” [SEP] “chelator choice significantly influences the pharmacokinetic profile of biphenyl-based small molecule PD-L1 radioligands” [SEP] “Overall, the net charge of the four radioligands did not have any discernable impact on the pharmacokinetic behavior. Instead, it was likely dominated by the lipophilicity of the molecules.”",none,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q20,What practical limitations and optimization priorities are identified in the articles published before 2025 for broader use of tricarbonyl Re/Tc systems in biomolecule radiolabelling and radiopharmaceutical development?,"The main limitations are variable radiolabelling efficiency and specific activity, excessive dilution and protein wastage in standard kits, dependence on harsh conditions for some chelators, suboptimal radiochemical yields for some TACN systems, and structural ambiguity at tracer scale. The proposed priorities are smaller-volume high-activity kit formats, higher ionic strength, optimization of pH, temperature, and ligand concentration, design of more effective polar or ionizable pendent arms, and DFT-guided chelator optimization.",10.1186/2191-219X-4-14,“there has been a large variation in labelling efficiencies reported in the literature” [SEP] “the current kit necessitates an avoidable and time-consuming protein concentration step or leads to low specific activity” [SEP] “It needs to be optimised to achieve reproducible high labelling efficiencies (LE) and specific activities (SA)”,constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q20,What practical limitations and optimization priorities are identified in the articles published before 2025 for broader use of tricarbonyl Re/Tc systems in biomolecule radiolabelling and radiopharmaceutical development?,"The main limitations are variable radiolabelling efficiency and specific activity, excessive dilution and protein wastage in standard kits, dependence on harsh conditions for some chelators, suboptimal radiochemical yields for some TACN systems, and structural ambiguity at tracer scale. The proposed priorities are smaller-volume high-activity kit formats, higher ionic strength, optimization of pH, temperature, and ligand concentration, design of more effective polar or ionizable pendent arms, and DFT-guided chelator optimization.",10.1021/acsomega.4c05699,“future TACN chelator design modifications to increase radiolabeling yields under milder reaction conditions would improve their potential” [SEP] “The radiolabeling of these chelators presented some challenges”,constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q20,What practical limitations and optimization priorities are identified in the articles published before 2025 for broader use of tricarbonyl Re/Tc systems in biomolecule radiolabelling and radiopharmaceutical development?,"The main limitations are variable radiolabelling efficiency and specific activity, excessive dilution and protein wastage in standard kits, dependence on harsh conditions for some chelators, suboptimal radiochemical yields for some TACN systems, and structural ambiguity at tracer scale. The proposed priorities are smaller-volume high-activity kit formats, higher ionic strength, optimization of pH, temperature, and ligand concentration, design of more effective polar or ionizable pendent arms, and DFT-guided chelator optimization.",10.1098/rsos.191247,"“optimization of radiosynthesis parameters to obtain radiolabelled products with high radiochemical purity” [SEP] “Optimal reaction parameters were determined through various temperatures (20–100°C), pH values (4–10) and at a ligand concentration ranging from 0.05 to 1.00 mM.”",constraints: temporal,
Chelate_Metal_Complexes,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Chelate_Metal_Complexes_s5_q20,What practical limitations and optimization priorities are identified in the articles published before 2025 for broader use of tricarbonyl Re/Tc systems in biomolecule radiolabelling and radiopharmaceutical development?,"The main limitations are variable radiolabelling efficiency and specific activity, excessive dilution and protein wastage in standard kits, dependence on harsh conditions for some chelators, suboptimal radiochemical yields for some TACN systems, and structural ambiguity at tracer scale. The proposed priorities are smaller-volume high-activity kit formats, higher ionic strength, optimization of pH, temperature, and ligand concentration, design of more effective polar or ionizable pendent arms, and DFT-guided chelator optimization.",10.21203/rs.3.rs-7489965/v1,“Various ligands have been studied to discover the most effective chelating systems for the carbonyl precursor” [SEP] “the present study reports the unusual synthesis route of a macrocycle ligand and its nonradioactive fac-[Re(CO)3]+−based complex to predict the effectiveness of chelating ring structure on complexation behaviour.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q1,What silver precursor concentrations are reported for biological synthesis of AgNPs?,1 mM AgNO₃; 5 mM AgNO₃; 9 mM AgNO₃; 10 mM AgNO₃; 0.1 M AgNO₃,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""20 mL of ACL was added to 500 mL conical flasks containing 200 mL of 1 mM AgNO3""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q1,What silver precursor concentrations are reported for biological synthesis of AgNPs?,1 mM AgNO₃; 5 mM AgNO₃; 9 mM AgNO₃; 10 mM AgNO₃; 0.1 M AgNO₃,10.1016/j.onano.2023.100148,"""AgNO3 was used as a silver precursor at concentrations of 5 mM (AgNP-Aloe-1) and 9 mM (AgNP-Aloe-2).""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q1,What silver precursor concentrations are reported for biological synthesis of AgNPs?,1 mM AgNO₃; 5 mM AgNO₃; 9 mM AgNO₃; 10 mM AgNO₃; 0.1 M AgNO₃,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""the supernatant was mixed with a 10 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q2,What biological sources are reported for biosynthesis of AgNPs?,Zea mays leaf extract; Aloe maculata extract; carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii culture supernatant; Aspergillus flavus culture filtrate; Cupriavidus necator supernatant; Cupriavidus necator intracellular extract; Bacillus megaterium supernatant; Bacillus megaterium intracellular extract; Bacillus subtilis supernatant; Bacillus subtilis intracellular extract,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was attempted using the aqueous extract of corn leaf waste of Zea mays""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q2,What biological sources are reported for biosynthesis of AgNPs?,Zea mays leaf extract; Aloe maculata extract; carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii culture supernatant; Aspergillus flavus culture filtrate; Cupriavidus necator supernatant; Cupriavidus necator intracellular extract; Bacillus megaterium supernatant; Bacillus megaterium intracellular extract; Bacillus subtilis supernatant; Bacillus subtilis intracellular extract,10.1016/j.onano.2023.100148,"""These AgNPs were obtained here for the first time from an [SEP] Aloe maculata aqueous extract as a reducing and capping agent of Ag(I), with varying the initial [SEP] silver concentrations""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q2,What biological sources are reported for biosynthesis of AgNPs?,Zea mays leaf extract; Aloe maculata extract; carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii culture supernatant; Aspergillus flavus culture filtrate; Cupriavidus necator supernatant; Cupriavidus necator intracellular extract; Bacillus megaterium supernatant; Bacillus megaterium intracellular extract; Bacillus subtilis supernatant; Bacillus subtilis intracellular extract,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""the supernatant was mixed with a 10 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q2,What biological sources are reported for biosynthesis of AgNPs?,Zea mays leaf extract; Aloe maculata extract; carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii culture supernatant; Aspergillus flavus culture filtrate; Cupriavidus necator supernatant; Cupriavidus necator intracellular extract; Bacillus megaterium supernatant; Bacillus megaterium intracellular extract; Bacillus subtilis supernatant; Bacillus subtilis intracellular extract,10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00816,"""silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using the supernatant and the intracellular extract of Cupriavidus necator, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q3,What UV–Visible or absorbance peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs from 2017 to 2023?,390 nm; 412 nm; 450 nm; 470 nm; 530 nm; 580 nm; 400–470 nm,10.1016/j.onano.2023.100148,"""Spectra and their deconvolution into three possible absorption maxima for AgNP-Aloe-1 –around 390, 470 nm, and 580 nm– (C) and AgNP-Aloe-2 –around 390, 470 nm, and 530 nm– (D) are also shown.""",constraints: temporal,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q3,What UV–Visible or absorbance peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs from 2017 to 2023?,390 nm; 412 nm; 450 nm; 470 nm; 530 nm; 580 nm; 400–470 nm,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""The reaction mixture’s UV–visible absorption spectra (in the range of 300–800 nm) reveal a strong, single, and intense absorption peak at 412 nm associated with colloidal Ag NPs""",constraints: temporal,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q3,What UV–Visible or absorbance peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNPs from 2017 to 2023?,390 nm; 412 nm; 450 nm; 470 nm; 530 nm; 580 nm; 400–470 nm,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm""",constraints: temporal,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q4,What antibacterial assay were performed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of AgNPs?,Inhibition zone / ZOI; MIC; MBC; FIC / FICI; checkerboard synergy class; viability reduction; time-kill / growth inhibition; biofilm biomass reduction,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""The AgNPs displayed moderate antibacterial activity (9.26–11.57 mm inhibition zone) against all five foodborne pathogenic bacteria.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q4,What antibacterial assay were performed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of AgNPs?,Inhibition zone / ZOI; MIC; MBC; FIC / FICI; checkerboard synergy class; viability reduction; time-kill / growth inhibition; biofilm biomass reduction,10.1038/srep29982,"""Pharmacodynamic interactions between silver nanoparticle (SNP) and topical antibiotics such as Cefazolin (CEF), Mupirocin (MUP), Gentamycin (GEN), Neomycin (NEO), Tetracycline (TET), Vancomycin (VAN) were investigated using the MIC test, Combination assay followed by Fractional Inhibitory concentration Index and Agar well diffusion method.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q4,What antibacterial assay were performed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of AgNPs?,Inhibition zone / ZOI; MIC; MBC; FIC / FICI; checkerboard synergy class; viability reduction; time-kill / growth inhibition; biofilm biomass reduction,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""The combined activity of sublethal concentrations of AgNPs (6 μg.mL-1) with different antibiotics was evaluated using the microdilution method.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q4,What antibacterial assay were performed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of AgNPs?,Inhibition zone / ZOI; MIC; MBC; FIC / FICI; checkerboard synergy class; viability reduction; time-kill / growth inhibition; biofilm biomass reduction,10.3389/fmicb.2018.01349,"""median MIC: 1.06 and 2.12 µg/ml, respectively [SEP] biofilm causing a viability reduction ranging from 50% (1×MIC) to >99.9% (4×MIC).""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q5,What characterization techniques are used for biosynthesized AgNPs?,UV–Vis; TEM; DLS; zeta potential; FTIR; XRD; FESEM/SEM; EDX/EDS; Raman; fluorescence; TGA/DTG,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""The newly synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) analysis, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q5,What characterization techniques are used for biosynthesized AgNPs?,UV–Vis; TEM; DLS; zeta potential; FTIR; XRD; FESEM/SEM; EDX/EDS; Raman; fluorescence; TGA/DTG,10.1016/j.onano.2023.100148,"""The AgNPs were characterized physicochemically by TEM, DLS, Zeta potential, UV–vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q5,What characterization techniques are used for biosynthesized AgNPs?,UV–Vis; TEM; DLS; zeta potential; FTIR; XRD; FESEM/SEM; EDX/EDS; Raman; fluorescence; TGA/DTG,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron were used to characterise Ag NPs.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q5,What characterization techniques are used for biosynthesized AgNPs?,UV–Vis; TEM; DLS; zeta potential; FTIR; XRD; FESEM/SEM; EDX/EDS; Raman; fluorescence; TGA/DTG,10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00816,"""The characterization of the AgNPs was carried out using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS and TEM.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q6,What bacterial species are reported for antibacterial evaluation in biologically synthesized AgNP studies?,Bacillus cereus; Listeria monocytogenes; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella Typhimurium / S. enterica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella pneumoniae; carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli; Staphylococcus epidermidis,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167;,"""The synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444, Escherichia coli ATCC 43890, and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 43174)""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q6,What bacterial species are reported for antibacterial evaluation in biologically synthesized AgNP studies?,Bacillus cereus; Listeria monocytogenes; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella Typhimurium / S. enterica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella pneumoniae; carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli; Staphylococcus epidermidis,10.1016/j.onano.2023.100148;,"""Both green-synthesized AgNPs showed an improvement in the inhibition of bacterial growth after 24 h of incubation for E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, they produced a decrease in the biofilm biomass formation from P. aeruginosa""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q6,What bacterial species are reported for antibacterial evaluation in biologically synthesized AgNP studies?,Bacillus cereus; Listeria monocytogenes; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella Typhimurium / S. enterica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella pneumoniae; carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli; Staphylococcus epidermidis,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0;,"""The antibacterial activity of Ag NP alone and in combination with antibiotics against CPGB was determined using the broth microdilution method""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q6,What bacterial species are reported for antibacterial evaluation in biologically synthesized AgNP studies?,Bacillus cereus; Listeria monocytogenes; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella Typhimurium / S. enterica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella pneumoniae; carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli; Staphylococcus epidermidis,10.3390/nano10051010,"""upon Staphylococcus epidermidis strains with different biofilm-forming abilities (BFAs).""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q7,What Staphylococcus strains or species are reported in AgNP antibacterial studies?,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922; Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate; Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228; S. epidermidis ATCC 35983; S. epidermidis ATCC 35984; MSSA; MRSA,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167;,Table 1,multimodal: table | constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q7,What Staphylococcus strains or species are reported in AgNP antibacterial studies?,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922; Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate; Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228; S. epidermidis ATCC 35983; S. epidermidis ATCC 35984; MSSA; MRSA,10.1038/srep29982;,"""S. aureus ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 25619, E. coli ATCC 10536""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q7,What Staphylococcus strains or species are reported in AgNP antibacterial studies?,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922; Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate; Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228; S. epidermidis ATCC 35983; S. epidermidis ATCC 35984; MSSA; MRSA,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904;,"""Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolate, pathogenic) and Bacillus subtilis (non-pathogenic), from the collection""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q7,What Staphylococcus strains or species are reported in AgNP antibacterial studies?,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922; Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate; Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228; S. epidermidis ATCC 35983; S. epidermidis ATCC 35984; MSSA; MRSA,10.3390/nano10051010;,Table 1,multimodal: table | constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q7,What Staphylococcus strains or species are reported in AgNP antibacterial studies?,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922; Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate; Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228; S. epidermidis ATCC 35983; S. epidermidis ATCC 35984; MSSA; MRSA,10.3390/polym13040659,"""nanoparticles were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus strains, both [SEP] methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA).""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q8,"What foodborne bacterial species are reported across the wet-chemical CeO₂ paper published in MDPI,and the Acacia arabica ZnO nanoparticle study?",Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium / S. enterica; Staphylococcus aureus; Listeria monocytogenes; Bacillus cereus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa,10.3390/nano10081614;,"""against a wider range of pathogens, namely Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus.""",constraints: source,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q8,"What foodborne bacterial species are reported across the wet-chemical CeO₂ paper published in MDPI,and the Acacia arabica ZnO nanoparticle study?",Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium / S. enterica; Staphylococcus aureus; Listeria monocytogenes; Bacillus cereus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa,10.1371/journal.pone.0259190,"""Multidrug resistant foodborne bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium)""","constraints: source, theme",
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q9,What antibacterial assay types are reported across the CeO₂ and green ZnO nanoparticle studies?,Disk diffusion / zone of inhibition; broth microdilution MIC; MBC; OD / growth kinetics / time-kill; CFU counts; resazurin test; confocal viability assay; EPS reduction; antibiofilm assay,10.3390/nano10081614;,"""The antibacterial activity of the tested nanoparticles was evaluated by using different methods, such as disk diffusion tests, UV–Vis measurements of the optical density (OD), the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) on solid medium, the resazurin test, and bacterial viability, using confocal microscopy.""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q9,What antibacterial assay types are reported across the CeO₂ and green ZnO nanoparticle studies?,Disk diffusion / zone of inhibition; broth microdilution MIC; MBC; OD / growth kinetics / time-kill; CFU counts; resazurin test; confocal viability assay; EPS reduction; antibiofilm assay,10.1371/journal.pone.0259190;,"""In vitro antibacterial susceptibility testing against foodborne pathogens was done by agar well diffusion, growth kinetics and broth microdilution assays.""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q9,What antibacterial assay types are reported across the CeO₂ and green ZnO nanoparticle studies?,Disk diffusion / zone of inhibition; broth microdilution MIC; MBC; OD / growth kinetics / time-kill; CFU counts; resazurin test; confocal viability assay; EPS reduction; antibiofilm assay,10.3390/molecules26206140;,"""The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated using a disk-diffusion method against S. aureus and E. coli, as well as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) content concentrations.""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q9,What antibacterial assay types are reported across the CeO₂ and green ZnO nanoparticle studies?,Disk diffusion / zone of inhibition; broth microdilution MIC; MBC; OD / growth kinetics / time-kill; CFU counts; resazurin test; confocal viability assay; EPS reduction; antibiofilm assay,10.14202/vetworld.2018.1428-1432,"""The MIC and MBC of ZnO-NPs were determined against isolated multidrug-resistant S. aureus and E. coli strains using microwell dilution method.""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q10,"What bacterial species are tested in study of antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticle synthesized using Acacia arabica, Phlomis leaf extract, mastitis ZnO, and doped ZnO/TiO₂?",Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium / S. enterica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterococcus faecalis; Candida albicans; multidrug-resistant S. aureus; multidrug-resistant E. coli,10.1371/journal.pone.0259190,"""Multidrug resistant foodborne bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium)""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q10,"What bacterial species are tested in study of antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticle synthesized using Acacia arabica, Phlomis leaf extract, mastitis ZnO, and doped ZnO/TiO₂?",Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium / S. enterica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterococcus faecalis; Candida albicans; multidrug-resistant S. aureus; multidrug-resistant E. coli,10.3390/molecules26206140,"""The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated using a disk-diffusion method against S. aureus and E. coli""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q10,"What bacterial species are tested in study of antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticle synthesized using Acacia arabica, Phlomis leaf extract, mastitis ZnO, and doped ZnO/TiO₂?",Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium / S. enterica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterococcus faecalis; Candida albicans; multidrug-resistant S. aureus; multidrug-resistant E. coli,10.14202/vetworld.2018.1428-1432,"""The MIC and MBC of ZnO-NPs against S. aureus were 3.9 µg/ml and 7.81 µg/ml, respectively, while for E. coli, the MIC and MBC of ZnO-NPs were 31.25 µg/ml and 62.5 µg/ml, respectively.""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q10,"What bacterial species are tested in study of antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticle synthesized using Acacia arabica, Phlomis leaf extract, mastitis ZnO, and doped ZnO/TiO₂?",Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhimurium / S. enterica; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterococcus faecalis; Candida albicans; multidrug-resistant S. aureus; multidrug-resistant E. coli,10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01333,"""The following reference strains were used: Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212), Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27857) and the yeast strain Candida albicans ATCC 10231.""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q11,What antibiofilm-related assays or biofilm endpoints are reported across Ag and ZnO nanoparticles?,Biofilm biomass inhibition; MBIC / MBEC-type activity; extracellular matrix deconstruction; EPS reduction; confocal viability in biofilm; BFA-related viability,10.1371/journal.pone.0259190,"""Effect of ZnO NPs on biofilm formation (both qualitatively and quantitatively) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was also determined.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q11,What antibiofilm-related assays or biofilm endpoints are reported across Ag and ZnO nanoparticles?,Biofilm biomass inhibition; MBIC / MBEC-type activity; extracellular matrix deconstruction; EPS reduction; confocal viability in biofilm; BFA-related viability,10.3389/fmicb.2018.01349,"""Electron microscopy showed that AgNPs deconstruct extracellular matrix of P. aeruginosa biofilm""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q11,What antibiofilm-related assays or biofilm endpoints are reported across Ag and ZnO nanoparticles?,Biofilm biomass inhibition; MBIC / MBEC-type activity; extracellular matrix deconstruction; EPS reduction; confocal viability in biofilm; BFA-related viability,10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01333,"""All doped materials exhibited very good anti-biofilm activity, the lowest minimal biofilm eradication concentration values being registered for ZnO doped with Au and Pd toward Escherichia coli and for ZnO doped with Ag against Candida albicans.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q11,What antibiofilm-related assays or biofilm endpoints are reported across Ag and ZnO nanoparticles?,Biofilm biomass inhibition; MBIC / MBEC-type activity; extracellular matrix deconstruction; EPS reduction; confocal viability in biofilm; BFA-related viability,10.3390/nano10051010,"""upon Staphylococcus epidermidis strains with different biofilm-forming abilities (BFAs).""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q12,What spectroscopic peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNP formulations?,390 nm; 412 nm; 450 nm; 470 nm; 530 nm; 540 nm; 555 nm; 570 nm; 580 nm,10.1016/j.onano.2023.100148,"""Spectra and their deconvolution into three possible absorption maxima for AgNP-Aloe-1 –around 390, 470 nm, and 580 nm– (C) and AgNP-Aloe-2 –around 390, 470 nm, and 530 nm– (D) are also shown. [SEP] The AgNP-Aloe-2 showed the lowest fluorescence emission intensity with a maximum at 555 nm, while the AgNP-Aloe-1 showed the highest fluorescence intensity with a peak at 570 nm. AgNP–NH2OH⋅HCl exhibited an emission maximum of around 540 nm""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q12,What spectroscopic peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNP formulations?,390 nm; 412 nm; 450 nm; 470 nm; 530 nm; 540 nm; 555 nm; 570 nm; 580 nm,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""The reaction mixture’s UV–visible absorption spectra (in the range of 300–800 nm) reveal a strong, single, and intense absorption peak at 412 nm associated with colloidal Ag NPs""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q12,What spectroscopic peak wavelengths are reported for biologically synthesized AgNP formulations?,390 nm; 412 nm; 450 nm; 470 nm; 530 nm; 540 nm; 555 nm; 570 nm; 580 nm,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q13,What bacterial species are reported in AgNP + antibiotic combination or checkerboard assays?,Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Escherichia coli; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium; Bacillus subtilis; wild-type Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; AMR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates,10.1038/srep29982,"""Staphylococcus aureus. Four combinations (SNP+CEF, SNP+MUP, SNP+GEN, SNP+VAN) showed SN, SNP+TET showed PS and Indifferent effect (ID) were observed for SNP+NEO against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. SN was observed for SNP+CEF, SNP+GEN, SNP+NEO, SNP+TET and SNP+MUP showed ID, SNP+VAN showed PS against Escherichia coli.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q13,What bacterial species are reported in AgNP + antibiotic combination or checkerboard assays?,Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Escherichia coli; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium; Bacillus subtilis; wild-type Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; AMR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""Experiments were performed on four bacterial strains. Gram-negative: Escherichia coli DH5α (non-pathogenic) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC SC14028 (S. Typhimurium) (pathogenic); Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolate, pathogenic) and Bacillus subtilis (non-pathogenic)""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q13,What bacterial species are reported in AgNP + antibiotic combination or checkerboard assays?,Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Escherichia coli; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium; Bacillus subtilis; wild-type Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; AMR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates,10.3390/antibiotics11091219,"""safe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range against several wild-type Gram-positive and -negative strains and three different clinical isolates of AMR Klebsiella pneumoniae.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q14,"What antibiotics are reported in AgNP combination, checkerboard, or pharmacodynamic interaction assays?",Cefazolin; mupirocin; gentamycin; neomycin; tetracycline; vancomycin; chloramphenicol; kanamycin; ampicillin; biapenem; aztreonam; colistin; ciprofloxacin; rifampicin,10.1038/srep29982,"""topical antibiotics such as Cefazolin (CEF), Mupirocin (MUP), Gentamycin (GEN), Neomycin (NEO), Tetracycline (TET), Vancomycin (VAN)""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q14,"What antibiotics are reported in AgNP combination, checkerboard, or pharmacodynamic interaction assays?",Cefazolin; mupirocin; gentamycin; neomycin; tetracycline; vancomycin; chloramphenicol; kanamycin; ampicillin; biapenem; aztreonam; colistin; ciprofloxacin; rifampicin,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""We selected chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Km), ampicillin (Amp), aztreonam (Azm) and biapenem (Bpm).""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q14,"What antibiotics are reported in AgNP combination, checkerboard, or pharmacodynamic interaction assays?",Cefazolin; mupirocin; gentamycin; neomycin; tetracycline; vancomycin; chloramphenicol; kanamycin; ampicillin; biapenem; aztreonam; colistin; ciprofloxacin; rifampicin,10.3390/antibiotics11091219,"""co-exposure to combinations of AgNPs and antimicrobial agents, including kanamycin, colistin, rifampicin, and vancomycin""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q15,What Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species are reported across the metal oxide nanoparticle antimicrobial activities?,"Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus; Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium / enterica",10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01333,"""The following reference strains were used: Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212), Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27857) and the yeast strain Candida albicans ATCC 10231.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q15,What Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species are reported across the metal oxide nanoparticle antimicrobial activities?,"Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus; Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium / enterica",10.3390/nano10081614,"""The five pathogenic strains used in the study were Escherichia coli ATC 25922 (Microbiologics), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (Microbiologics) Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 35152 (Liofilclem), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 65389 (Microbiologics), and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 (Microbiologics).""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q15,What Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species are reported across the metal oxide nanoparticle antimicrobial activities?,"Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus; Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium / enterica",10.1371/journal.pone.0259190,"""Multidrug resistant foodborne bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium) [SEP] Growth kinetics revealed nanoparticles bactericidal potential after 3 hours incubation at 2 × MIC for E. coli while for S. aureus and S. enterica reached after 2 hours of incubation at 2 × MIC, 4 × MIC, and 8 × MIC.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q16,What type of Ag nanoparticle formulations are used for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus species?,AgNPs 10–100 nm against S. epidermidis; Ag 10 nm and Ag 40 nm commercial coatings; AgNP-Aloe-1; AgNP-Aloe-2; commercial AgNPs 15–25 nm; biologically synthesized SNPs; electrochemically synthesized AgNPs; Ag/ZnO;,10.3390/nano10051010,"""AgNPs with particle sizes in the range between 10 and 100 nm""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q16,What type of Ag nanoparticle formulations are used for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus species?,AgNPs 10–100 nm against S. epidermidis; Ag 10 nm and Ag 40 nm commercial coatings; AgNP-Aloe-1; AgNP-Aloe-2; commercial AgNPs 15–25 nm; biologically synthesized SNPs; electrochemically synthesized AgNPs; Ag/ZnO;,10.3390/polym13040659,"""including Ag 10 nm, Ag 40 nm, Al2O3 100 nm, Au 20 nm, Pt 4 nm, TiO2 100 nm, Y2O3 100 nm, ZnO 100 nm and ZrO2 100 nm nanoparticles.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q16,What type of Ag nanoparticle formulations are used for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus species?,AgNPs 10–100 nm against S. epidermidis; Ag 10 nm and Ag 40 nm commercial coatings; AgNP-Aloe-1; AgNP-Aloe-2; commercial AgNPs 15–25 nm; biologically synthesized SNPs; electrochemically synthesized AgNPs; Ag/ZnO;,10.1016/j.onano.2023.100148,"""two novel AgNPs (AgNP-Aloe-1 and AgNP-Aloe-2) obtained by green synthesis""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q16,What type of Ag nanoparticle formulations are used for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus species?,AgNPs 10–100 nm against S. epidermidis; Ag 10 nm and Ag 40 nm commercial coatings; AgNP-Aloe-1; AgNP-Aloe-2; commercial AgNPs 15–25 nm; biologically synthesized SNPs; electrochemically synthesized AgNPs; Ag/ZnO;,10.3390/antibiotics11091219,"""the AgNPs (15–25 nm) were effective against Gram-negative bacteria""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q16,What type of Ag nanoparticle formulations are used for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus species?,AgNPs 10–100 nm against S. epidermidis; Ag 10 nm and Ag 40 nm commercial coatings; AgNP-Aloe-1; AgNP-Aloe-2; commercial AgNPs 15–25 nm; biologically synthesized SNPs; electrochemically synthesized AgNPs; Ag/ZnO;,10.3389/fmicb.2018.01349,"""Electrochemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Are Active Against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Bacterial Pathogens""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q16,What type of Ag nanoparticle formulations are used for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus species?,AgNPs 10–100 nm against S. epidermidis; Ag 10 nm and Ag 40 nm commercial coatings; AgNP-Aloe-1; AgNP-Aloe-2; commercial AgNPs 15–25 nm; biologically synthesized SNPs; electrochemically synthesized AgNPs; Ag/ZnO;,10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01333,"""The tested hybrid nanomaterials, i.e., Ag/ZnO, Pd/ZnO, Au/ZnO, TiO2, Au/TiO2""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q17,What specific Staphylococcus aureus strain were used in nanoparticle antibacterial activity evaluation after 2017?,S. aureus ATCC 49444; S. aureus ATCC 25922; S. aureus ATCC 65389;,10.1038/srep29982,"""The MIC value of SNP for S. aureus [SEP] ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 25619, E. coli ATCC 10536 were 5, 2.5 and 2.5 μ g/ml, respectively.""",constraints: temporal,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q17,What specific Staphylococcus aureus strain were used in nanoparticle antibacterial activity evaluation after 2017?,S. aureus ATCC 49444; S. aureus ATCC 25922; S. aureus ATCC 65389;,10.3390/nano10081614,"""The five pathogenic strains used in the study were Escherichia coli ATC 25922 (Microbiologics), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (Microbiologics) Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 35152 (Liofilclem), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 65389 (Microbiologics), and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 (Microbiologics).""",constraints: temporal,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q17,What specific Staphylococcus aureus strain were used in nanoparticle antibacterial activity evaluation after 2017?,S. aureus ATCC 49444; S. aureus ATCC 25922; S. aureus ATCC 65389;,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,Table 1,multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q18,What antimicrobial assay platforms are reported for AgNP–antibiotic interaction studies?,96-well broth microdilution; checkerboard; agar well / agar diffusion confirmation; microplate combinatorial assay; FIC / FICI calculation,10.1038/srep29982,"""Susceptibility tests with SNPs, Cefazolin, Mupirocin, Gentamycin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, Vancomycin were carried out in 96-well microtitre plates using a standard twofold broth micro dilution method [SEP] broth microdilution method in accordance with CLSI standards using cation-adjusted MH broth, modified for a broth microdilution checkerboard procedure [SEP] Combination assay followed by Fractional [SEP] Inhibitory concentration Index and Agar well diffusion method.""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q18,What antimicrobial assay platforms are reported for AgNP–antibiotic interaction studies?,96-well broth microdilution; checkerboard; agar well / agar diffusion confirmation; microplate combinatorial assay; FIC / FICI calculation,10.1371/journal.pone.0224904,"""The combined activity of sublethal concentrations of AgNPs (6 μg.mL-1) with different antibiotics was evaluated using the microdilution method.""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q18,What antimicrobial assay platforms are reported for AgNP–antibiotic interaction studies?,96-well broth microdilution; checkerboard; agar well / agar diffusion confirmation; microplate combinatorial assay; FIC / FICI calculation,10.3390/antibiotics11091219,"""using the checkerboard method and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index [SEP] were determined by using the broth microdilution method based on the M07-A10 CLSI protocol""",constraints: theme,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q19,What nanoparticle sizes are reported across different AgNP studies used for antibacterial evaluation?,"10–25 nm; 15–25 nm; 10 nm; 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 nm; 20.8–118.4 nm",10.1016/j.onano.2023.100148,"""size (10–25 nm), charge (around − 10 mV), and shape (tendency towards a spherical shape)""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q19,What nanoparticle sizes are reported across different AgNP studies used for antibacterial evaluation?,"10–25 nm; 15–25 nm; 10 nm; 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 nm; 20.8–118.4 nm",10.3390/antibiotics11091219,"""the AgNPs (15–25 nm) were effective against Gram-negative bacteria""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q19,What nanoparticle sizes are reported across different AgNP studies used for antibacterial evaluation?,"10–25 nm; 15–25 nm; 10 nm; 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 nm; 20.8–118.4 nm",10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""Ag NPs with a size of 10 nm were confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, and TEM analysis.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q19,What nanoparticle sizes are reported across different AgNP studies used for antibacterial evaluation?,"10–25 nm; 15–25 nm; 10 nm; 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 nm; 20.8–118.4 nm",10.3390/nano10051010,Table 1,multimodal: table,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q19,What nanoparticle sizes are reported across different AgNP studies used for antibacterial evaluation?,"10–25 nm; 15–25 nm; 10 nm; 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 nm; 20.8–118.4 nm",10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00816,"""DLS results determined sizes from 20.8 to 118.4 nm.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q20,What biological reducing/capping agents or biological matrices are reported for Ag nanoparticle synthesis?,Zea mays aqueous leaf extract; Aloe maculata aqueous extract; CR-A. baumannii culture supernatant; C. necator supernatant / intracellular extract; B. megaterium supernatant / intracellular extract; B. subtilis supernatant / intracellular extract; Phytophthora infestans-derived SNP,10.3389/fmicb.2017.00167,"""In the [SEP] present investigation, synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was attempted using the [SEP] aqueous extract of corn leaf waste of Zea mays, which is a waste material from the corn [SEP] industry""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q20,What biological reducing/capping agents or biological matrices are reported for Ag nanoparticle synthesis?,Zea mays aqueous leaf extract; Aloe maculata aqueous extract; CR-A. baumannii culture supernatant; C. necator supernatant / intracellular extract; B. megaterium supernatant / intracellular extract; B. subtilis supernatant / intracellular extract; Phytophthora infestans-derived SNP,10.1016/j.onano.2023.100148,"""an Aloe maculata aqueous extract as a reducing and capping agent of Ag(I)""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q20,What biological reducing/capping agents or biological matrices are reported for Ag nanoparticle synthesis?,Zea mays aqueous leaf extract; Aloe maculata aqueous extract; CR-A. baumannii culture supernatant; C. necator supernatant / intracellular extract; B. megaterium supernatant / intracellular extract; B. subtilis supernatant / intracellular extract; Phytophthora infestans-derived SNP,10.1038/s41598-022-19698-0,"""the supernatant was mixed with a 10 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q20,What biological reducing/capping agents or biological matrices are reported for Ag nanoparticle synthesis?,Zea mays aqueous leaf extract; Aloe maculata aqueous extract; CR-A. baumannii culture supernatant; C. necator supernatant / intracellular extract; B. megaterium supernatant / intracellular extract; B. subtilis supernatant / intracellular extract; Phytophthora infestans-derived SNP,10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00816,"""silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using the supernatant and the intracellular extract of Cupriavidus necator, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis.""",none,
Nanoparticle_Antibacterials,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Nanoparticle_Antibacterials_s5_q20,What biological reducing/capping agents or biological matrices are reported for Ag nanoparticle synthesis?,Zea mays aqueous leaf extract; Aloe maculata aqueous extract; CR-A. baumannii culture supernatant; C. necator supernatant / intracellular extract; B. megaterium supernatant / intracellular extract; B. subtilis supernatant / intracellular extract; Phytophthora infestans-derived SNP,10.1038/srep29982,"""The current study utilizes the SNP synthesized biologically using potato plant pathogenic fungus Phytophthora infestans.""",none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q1,Which analytes are detected through a GOx-coupled nanozyme colorimetric cascade?,Glucose.,10.1021/ac300939z,“Detection of Urine Glucose Using ZnFe2O4 MNPs and GOx.”,none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q1,Which analytes are detected through a GOx-coupled nanozyme colorimetric cascade?,Glucose.,10.1021/acsomega.0c00147,"“combining two catalytic reactions using Pt50-PEI and GOD, the concentration of oxTMB should be dependent on the glucose concentration.”",none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q1,Which analytes are detected through a GOx-coupled nanozyme colorimetric cascade?,Glucose.,10.1039/D0RA05342B,“because H2O2 is the main product of the glucose oxidase (GOx)-catalyzed reaction; glucose could be detected based on the combination of GOx.”,none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q1,Which analytes are detected through a GOx-coupled nanozyme colorimetric cascade?,Glucose.,10.3390/s16040584,“Glucose detection was performed as follows: GOx … glucose of different concentrations …”,none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q2,Which analytes are detected by monitoring a decrease or suppression of blue oxTMB rather than a fresh increase from baseline?,Glutathione (GSH) and hydroquinone (HQ).,10.1039/C9RA01227C,"“glutathione (GSH) could selectively suppress the oxidation of TMB, converting blue TMBox to colorless TMB. Based on this phenomenon, the GSH level could be measured by monitoring the decrease of TMBox peak intensity at 652 nm.”",none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q2,Which analytes are detected by monitoring a decrease or suppression of blue oxTMB rather than a fresh increase from baseline?,Glutathione (GSH) and hydroquinone (HQ).,10.1039/D1RA03456A,"“The addition of HQ reduces oxTMB to TMB, which is oxidized to p-benzoquinone.”",none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q3,Which nanozyme sensing systems published between 2020 and 2022 use Pt-containing catalytic materials?,"The Pt50-PEI nanoparticle glucose system, the reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid system, the porous Au@Pt spike-protein system, and the Au@Pt core-shell glutathione system.",10.1021/acsomega.0c00147,"“Herein, we prepared polyethyleneimine-stabilized platinum NPs (Ptn-PEI NPs) for colorimetric detection of glucose.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q3,Which nanozyme sensing systems published between 2020 and 2022 use Pt-containing catalytic materials?,"The Pt50-PEI nanoparticle glucose system, the reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid system, the porous Au@Pt spike-protein system, and the Au@Pt core-shell glutathione system.",10.3390/nano10061015,“Pt Nanoparticles with High Oxidase-Like Activity and Reusability for Detection of Ascorbic Acid”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q3,Which nanozyme sensing systems published between 2020 and 2022 use Pt-containing catalytic materials?,"The Pt50-PEI nanoparticle glucose system, the reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid system, the porous Au@Pt spike-protein system, and the Au@Pt core-shell glutathione system.",10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.170,“Porous Au@Pt nanoparticles with superior peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q3,Which nanozyme sensing systems published between 2020 and 2022 use Pt-containing catalytic materials?,"The Pt50-PEI nanoparticle glucose system, the reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid system, the porous Au@Pt spike-protein system, and the Au@Pt core-shell glutathione system.",10.3390/nano12050755,“Gold-Platinum Nanoparticles with Core-Shell Configuration as Efficient Oxidase-like Nanosensors for Glutathione Detection”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q4,"Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, hydroquinone, spike-protein, or ascorbic-acid detection published between 2012 and 2022 use TMB as the primary chromogenic reporter?","ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose, Pt50-PEI glucose, Mn3O4 glutathione, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione, V2O5 hydrogen peroxide/glucose, reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid, porous Au@Pt spike-protein, Au@Pt glutathione, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assays.",10.1021/ac300939z,"“The color change observable by the naked eyes based on the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is the principle for the sensing of urine glucose level.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q4,"Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, hydroquinone, spike-protein, or ascorbic-acid detection published between 2012 and 2022 use TMB as the primary chromogenic reporter?","ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose, Pt50-PEI glucose, Mn3O4 glutathione, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione, V2O5 hydrogen peroxide/glucose, reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid, porous Au@Pt spike-protein, Au@Pt glutathione, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assays.",10.1021/acsomega.0c00147,"“Pt50-PEI NPs-catalyzed oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2, generating blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB)…”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q4,"Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, hydroquinone, spike-protein, or ascorbic-acid detection published between 2012 and 2022 use TMB as the primary chromogenic reporter?","ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose, Pt50-PEI glucose, Mn3O4 glutathione, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione, V2O5 hydrogen peroxide/glucose, reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid, porous Au@Pt spike-protein, Au@Pt glutathione, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assays.",10.1039/C9RA01227C,"“Mn3O4 microspheres could quickly oxidize 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to its oxidized form (TMBox)…”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q4,"Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, hydroquinone, spike-protein, or ascorbic-acid detection published between 2012 and 2022 use TMB as the primary chromogenic reporter?","ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose, Pt50-PEI glucose, Mn3O4 glutathione, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione, V2O5 hydrogen peroxide/glucose, reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid, porous Au@Pt spike-protein, Au@Pt glutathione, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assays.",10.1039/D0RA05342B,"“Based on the excellent peroxidase-like activity of Ir NPs, a new colorimetric detection method for reduced glutathione (GSH) and glucose was proposed.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q4,"Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, hydroquinone, spike-protein, or ascorbic-acid detection published between 2012 and 2022 use TMB as the primary chromogenic reporter?","ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose, Pt50-PEI glucose, Mn3O4 glutathione, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione, V2O5 hydrogen peroxide/glucose, reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid, porous Au@Pt spike-protein, Au@Pt glutathione, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assays.",10.3390/s16040584,"“V2O5 nanozymes has been established… compared with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), the enzyme substrate o-phenylenediamine (OPD) seriously interfered…”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q4,"Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, hydroquinone, spike-protein, or ascorbic-acid detection published between 2012 and 2022 use TMB as the primary chromogenic reporter?","ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose, Pt50-PEI glucose, Mn3O4 glutathione, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione, V2O5 hydrogen peroxide/glucose, reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid, porous Au@Pt spike-protein, Au@Pt glutathione, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assays.",10.3390/nano10061015,“A colorimetric detection method was designed using the oxidase-like activity of Pt NPs to detect ascorbic acid…” and the study concerns TMB oxidation by Pt NPs.,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q4,"Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, hydroquinone, spike-protein, or ascorbic-acid detection published between 2012 and 2022 use TMB as the primary chromogenic reporter?","ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose, Pt50-PEI glucose, Mn3O4 glutathione, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione, V2O5 hydrogen peroxide/glucose, reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid, porous Au@Pt spike-protein, Au@Pt glutathione, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assays.",10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.170,"“Finally, the antibody-functionalized Au@Pt NPs were introduced to attach the antigen, which catalyzed TMB oxidation and realized the detection of the target antigen.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q4,"Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, hydroquinone, spike-protein, or ascorbic-acid detection published between 2012 and 2022 use TMB as the primary chromogenic reporter?","ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose, Pt50-PEI glucose, Mn3O4 glutathione, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione, V2O5 hydrogen peroxide/glucose, reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid, porous Au@Pt spike-protein, Au@Pt glutathione, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assays.",10.3390/nano12050755,“Au@Pt nanoparticle with core-shell configuration exhibiting a remarkable oxidase-like mimicking activity towards the substrates… tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD).”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q4,"Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, hydroquinone, spike-protein, or ascorbic-acid detection published between 2012 and 2022 use TMB as the primary chromogenic reporter?","ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose, Pt50-PEI glucose, Mn3O4 glutathione, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione, V2O5 hydrogen peroxide/glucose, reusable Pt nanoparticle ascorbic-acid, porous Au@Pt spike-protein, Au@Pt glutathione, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assays.",10.1039/D1RA03456A,"“This sweetsop-like α-Fe2O3@CoNi catalyst enables H2O2 to produce hydroxyl (•OH), leading to the oxidization of colorless… tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxTMB.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q5,"Considering only papers from 2020, which analytes are measured by Pt- or Ir-based nanozymes?","Glucose, glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (AA).",10.1021/acsomega.0c00147,“a sensitive colorimetric method for glucose detection was established based on the peroxidase-like activity of Pt50-PEI NPs.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q5,"Considering only papers from 2020, which analytes are measured by Pt- or Ir-based nanozymes?","Glucose, glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (AA).",10.3390/nano10061015,“the method for colorimetric detection of AA was established to detect AA in triplicate”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q5,"Considering only papers from 2020, which analytes are measured by Pt- or Ir-based nanozymes?","Glucose, glutathione (GSH), and ascorbic acid (AA).",10.1039/D0RA05342B,“The proposed colorimetric biosensor provided a sensitive method to monitor GSH.” and “glucose could be detected based on the combination of GOx.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q6,Which non-blood real-sample matrices are explicitly used in GOx-coupled nanozyme glucose assays published between 2012 and 2020?,Urine and saliva.,10.1021/ac300939z,“ZnFe2O4 MNPs were used as a colorimetric biosensor for the detection of urine glucose.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q6,Which non-blood real-sample matrices are explicitly used in GOx-coupled nanozyme glucose assays published between 2012 and 2020?,Urine and saliva.,10.1021/acsomega.0c00147,"“For example, the concentration of glucose in saliva was tested to be 0.15 mM using our method.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q7,Which target analytes are explicitly detected in nanozyme-based water-pollution or environmental-bacteria assays published between 2020 and 2021?,Hydroquinone (HQ) and E. coli.,10.1039/D1RA03456A,"“In the presence of HQ, the blue oxTMB is reduced to colorless, which allows for colorimetric detection of HQ in water samples.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q7,Which target analytes are explicitly detected in nanozyme-based water-pollution or environmental-bacteria assays published between 2020 and 2021?,Hydroquinone (HQ) and E. coli.,10.3390/nano10020313,“The performance of the platform was validated against E. coli.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q8,"Which nanozyme systems for H2O2, glucose, or glutathione sensing published before 2023 explicitly compare TMB with OPD as chromogenic substrates?",The V2O5 nanozyme system for H2O2/glucose sensing and the Au@Pt core-shell oxidase nanozyme system for glutathione sensing.,10.3390/s16040584,"“It was found that compared with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), the enzyme substrate o-phenylenediamine (OPD) seriously interfered with the H2O2 detection.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q8,"Which nanozyme systems for H2O2, glucose, or glutathione sensing published before 2023 explicitly compare TMB with OPD as chromogenic substrates?",The V2O5 nanozyme system for H2O2/glucose sensing and the Au@Pt core-shell oxidase nanozyme system for glutathione sensing.,10.3390/nano12050755,"“Au@Pt nanoparticle with core-shell configuration exhibiting a remarkable oxidase-like mimicking activity towards the substrates 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD).”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q9,"Which TMB- or oxTMB-based nanozyme colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, or hydroquinone published between 2012 and 2022 report 652 nm as the principal detection wavelength?","The ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose assay, Pt50-PEI glucose assay, Mn3O4 glutathione assay, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione assay, Au@Pt glutathione assay, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay.",10.1021/ac300939z,“used for absorbance measurement at a wavelength of 652 nm.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q9,"Which TMB- or oxTMB-based nanozyme colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, or hydroquinone published between 2012 and 2022 report 652 nm as the principal detection wavelength?","The ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose assay, Pt50-PEI glucose assay, Mn3O4 glutathione assay, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione assay, Au@Pt glutathione assay, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay.",10.1021/acsomega.0c00147,"“Pt50-PEI NPs-catalyzed oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2, generating blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB)”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q9,"Which TMB- or oxTMB-based nanozyme colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, or hydroquinone published between 2012 and 2022 report 652 nm as the principal detection wavelength?","The ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose assay, Pt50-PEI glucose assay, Mn3O4 glutathione assay, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione assay, Au@Pt glutathione assay, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay.",10.1039/C9RA01227C,“the corresponding decrease in absorbance value at 652 nm.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q9,"Which TMB- or oxTMB-based nanozyme colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, or hydroquinone published between 2012 and 2022 report 652 nm as the principal detection wavelength?","The ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose assay, Pt50-PEI glucose assay, Mn3O4 glutathione assay, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione assay, Au@Pt glutathione assay, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay.",10.1039/D0RA05342B,"“Based on the excellent peroxidase-like activity of Ir NPs, a new colorimetric detection method for reduced glutathione (GSH) and glucose was proposed.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q9,"Which TMB- or oxTMB-based nanozyme colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, or hydroquinone published between 2012 and 2022 report 652 nm as the principal detection wavelength?","The ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose assay, Pt50-PEI glucose assay, Mn3O4 glutathione assay, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione assay, Au@Pt glutathione assay, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay.",10.3390/nano12050755,“The system composed by Au@Pt and TMB demonstrates a good linear range between 0.1–1.0 µM to detect GSH levels”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q9,"Which TMB- or oxTMB-based nanozyme colorimetric assays for glucose, glutathione, or hydroquinone published between 2012 and 2022 report 652 nm as the principal detection wavelength?","The ZnFe2O4 urine-glucose assay, Pt50-PEI glucose assay, Mn3O4 glutathione assay, Ir nanoparticle glucose/glutathione assay, Au@Pt glutathione assay, and α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay.",10.1039/D1RA03456A,"“leading to the oxidization of colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxTMB.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q10,Which Au@Pt bimetallic or core-shell nanozyme systems published before 2023 explicitly assign catalytic roles to Pt in analyte sensing?,The porous Au@Pt core-shell nanozyme system for SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein detection and the Au@Pt core-shell oxidase nanozyme system for glutathione sensing.,10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.170,"“Pt growth on Au seeds, producing uniform, monodispersed and porous Au@Pt core–shell NPs… The enhanced catalysis of Au@Pt NPs was ascribed to the porous nanostructure and formed electron-rich Pt shells…”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q10,Which Au@Pt bimetallic or core-shell nanozyme systems published before 2023 explicitly assign catalytic roles to Pt in analyte sensing?,The porous Au@Pt core-shell nanozyme system for SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein detection and the Au@Pt core-shell oxidase nanozyme system for glutathione sensing.,10.3390/nano12050755,"“In order to catalyze the O2 activation, the active sites present on the surface of the metallic nanoparticles must be accessible… the entire core was composed by Au while the surrounding dendrite shell was made of Pt.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q11,"Which nanozyme-based glutathione-, hydroquinone-, or bacteria-sensing assays published between 2019 and 2022 use inhibitory logic, in which the target lowers a preformed color signal rather than generating it from baseline?","The Mn3O4 glutathione assay, the Au@Pt glutathione assay, the α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay, and the inkjet-printed magnetite bacteria assay.",10.1039/C9RA01227C,"“After adding glutathione (GSH), TMBox was able to be changed into to its original form and resulted in the corresponding decrease in absorbance value at 652 nm.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q11,"Which nanozyme-based glutathione-, hydroquinone-, or bacteria-sensing assays published between 2019 and 2022 use inhibitory logic, in which the target lowers a preformed color signal rather than generating it from baseline?","The Mn3O4 glutathione assay, the Au@Pt glutathione assay, the α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay, and the inkjet-printed magnetite bacteria assay.",10.3390/nano12050755,“The presence of a thiol group (-SH) in the chemical structure of GSH can bind to the Au@Pt nanozyme surface to hamper the activation of O2 and reducing its oxidase-like activity…”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q11,"Which nanozyme-based glutathione-, hydroquinone-, or bacteria-sensing assays published between 2019 and 2022 use inhibitory logic, in which the target lowers a preformed color signal rather than generating it from baseline?","The Mn3O4 glutathione assay, the Au@Pt glutathione assay, the α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay, and the inkjet-printed magnetite bacteria assay.",10.1039/D1RA03456A,"“In the presence of HQ, the blue oxTMB is reduced to colorless, which allows for colorimetric detection of HQ in water samples.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q11,"Which nanozyme-based glutathione-, hydroquinone-, or bacteria-sensing assays published between 2019 and 2022 use inhibitory logic, in which the target lowers a preformed color signal rather than generating it from baseline?","The Mn3O4 glutathione assay, the Au@Pt glutathione assay, the α-Fe2O3@CoNi hydroquinone assay, and the inkjet-printed magnetite bacteria assay.",10.3390/nano10020313,“Colorimetric detection of bacteria was established based on the inhibition of MNPs peroxidase mimics.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q12,"Which single nanozyme systems are explicitly described as combining oxidase-, peroxidase-, and catalase-like activities in one material platform in studies published before 2023?",None. No single nanozyme system in the provided set is explicitly described as combining all three activities in one material platform.,10.1039/D0RA05342B,“Here we show that iridium nanoparticles (Ir NPs) functionally mimic peroxidase and catalase.”,negative: unanswerable | constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q12,"Which single nanozyme systems are explicitly described as combining oxidase-, peroxidase-, and catalase-like activities in one material platform in studies published before 2023?",None. No single nanozyme system in the provided set is explicitly described as combining all three activities in one material platform.,10.1039/C9RA01227C,"“Here, we synthesized Mn3O4 microspheres which worked as a nanozyme to exhibit outstanding oxidase-like activity”",negative: unanswerable | constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q13,"Across the 2017 RSC Advances Ru nanoparticle study and Li et al. (2019), list all chromogenic substrates explicitly used to demonstrate enzyme-like activity.","TMB, OPD, dopamine hydrochloride (DA), sodium L-ascorbate (NaA), and in Li et al. (2019) also ABTS and ascorbic acid (AA).",10.1039/C7RA10370K,"“The Ru NPs could catalyze the oxidation of the substrates 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and dopamine hydrochloride (DA) by H2O2 to produce the color products in aqueous solution… Ru NPs mimicking ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) can oxidize NaA under ambient condition…”","constraints: source, temporal, theme",
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q13,"Across the 2017 RSC Advances Ru nanoparticle study and Li et al. (2019), list all chromogenic substrates explicitly used to demonstrate enzyme-like activity.","TMB, OPD, dopamine hydrochloride (DA), sodium L-ascorbate (NaA), and in Li et al. (2019) also ABTS and ascorbic acid (AA).",10.1186/s12951-019-0487-x,“Tb4O7 NPs can also catalyze the oxidation of ABTS and OPD …” and “We used the oxidation of TMB as a model reaction…” and “we examined the effects of Tb4O7 NPs on ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation in vitro.”,"constraints: source, temporal",
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q14,"Across nanozyme studies published between 2016 and 2022 that report ceria, Ru-, Pd/Pt-, Fe-, Tb-, or AuPt-based catalytic materials, which distinct nanomaterial morphology descriptors are explicitly used to describe the nanozymes?","Nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanodendrites, nanocubes, and nanorods.",10.1021/acsomega.9b03252,“cerium oxide nanosheets (NSs) exhibit triple-enzyme mimetic activity.”,"constraints: temporal, theme",
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q14,"Across nanozyme studies published between 2016 and 2022 that report ceria, Ru-, Pd/Pt-, Fe-, Tb-, or AuPt-based catalytic materials, which distinct nanomaterial morphology descriptors are explicitly used to describe the nanozymes?","Nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanodendrites, nanocubes, and nanorods.",10.1039/C7RA10370K,“Ru NPs could catalyze the oxidation of substrates…”,"constraints: temporal, theme",
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q14,"Across nanozyme studies published between 2016 and 2022 that report ceria, Ru-, Pd/Pt-, Fe-, Tb-, or AuPt-based catalytic materials, which distinct nanomaterial morphology descriptors are explicitly used to describe the nanozymes?","Nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanodendrites, nanocubes, and nanorods.",10.3390/chemosensors10090359,“Pd@Pt core@shell nanodendrites (Pd@Pt NDs)” and “depositing Pt atoms on Pd nanocubes (NCs)”,"constraints: temporal, theme",
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q14,"Across nanozyme studies published between 2016 and 2022 that report ceria, Ru-, Pd/Pt-, Fe-, Tb-, or AuPt-based catalytic materials, which distinct nanomaterial morphology descriptors are explicitly used to describe the nanozymes?","Nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanodendrites, nanocubes, and nanorods.",10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100031,“Pd-Pt core-shell nanocubes (NCs) as efficient peroxidase mimics”,"constraints: temporal, theme",
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q14,"Across nanozyme studies published between 2016 and 2022 that report ceria, Ru-, Pd/Pt-, Fe-, Tb-, or AuPt-based catalytic materials, which distinct nanomaterial morphology descriptors are explicitly used to describe the nanozymes?","Nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanodendrites, nanocubes, and nanorods.",10.1186/s12951-019-0487-x,“Tb4O7 nanoparticles (Tb4O7 NPs) with intrinsic oxidase-like activity”,"constraints: temporal, theme",
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q14,"Across nanozyme studies published between 2016 and 2022 that report ceria, Ru-, Pd/Pt-, Fe-, Tb-, or AuPt-based catalytic materials, which distinct nanomaterial morphology descriptors are explicitly used to describe the nanozymes?","Nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanodendrites, nanocubes, and nanorods.",10.1038/srep35344,“CeO2 nanocubes with exposed {100} facets and nanorods with exposed {110} facets”,"constraints: temporal, theme",
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q14,"Across nanozyme studies published between 2016 and 2022 that report ceria, Ru-, Pd/Pt-, Fe-, Tb-, or AuPt-based catalytic materials, which distinct nanomaterial morphology descriptors are explicitly used to describe the nanozymes?","Nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanodendrites, nanocubes, and nanorods.",10.1038/srep40103,“AuPt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with varying compositions were prepared”,"constraints: temporal, theme",
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q15,"Which nanozyme systems published between 2018 and 2020 explicitly link their catalytic function to a biological microenvironment such as lysosomal acidity, living-cell secretion, or an in vivo wound site?","The Co@Fe3O4 renal-tumor catalytic-therapy system, the cerium-oxide-nanosheet microfluidic H2O2 sensing system, and the Tb4O7 antibacterial/wound-healing system.",10.1039/C8RA05487H,"“The lysosome localization properties of Co@Fe3O4 enable Co@Fe3O4 to catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 at ultralow doses…” and “When the Co@Fe3O4 nanozymes are specifically located in the acidic microenvironment of the lysosomes, they induce apoptosis…”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q15,"Which nanozyme systems published between 2018 and 2020 explicitly link their catalytic function to a biological microenvironment such as lysosomal acidity, living-cell secretion, or an in vivo wound site?","The Co@Fe3O4 renal-tumor catalytic-therapy system, the cerium-oxide-nanosheet microfluidic H2O2 sensing system, and the Tb4O7 antibacterial/wound-healing system.",10.1021/acsomega.9b03252,"“This microfluidic sensor shows a strong response to H2O2, suggesting potential applications in monitoring H2O2 directly secreted from living cells.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q15,"Which nanozyme systems published between 2018 and 2020 explicitly link their catalytic function to a biological microenvironment such as lysosomal acidity, living-cell secretion, or an in vivo wound site?","The Co@Fe3O4 renal-tumor catalytic-therapy system, the cerium-oxide-nanosheet microfluidic H2O2 sensing system, and the Tb4O7 antibacterial/wound-healing system.",10.1186/s12951-019-0487-x,“the in vivo experiments showed that Tb4O7 NPs are efficacious in wound-healing” and “may have a potential application in wound healing.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q16,Which nanozyme systems published between 2016 and 2017 are explicitly framed as structure–activity engineered through either crystal-facet control or alloy-composition tuning?,The CeO2 nanocube/nanorod system with facet-dependent activity and the AuPt alloy nanoparticle system with composition-dependent activity.,10.1038/srep35344,“CeO2 nanocubes with exposed {100} facets exhibit a higher peroxidase but lower superoxide dismutase activity than those of the CeO2 nanorods with exposed {110} facets.”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q16,Which nanozyme systems published between 2016 and 2017 are explicitly framed as structure–activity engineered through either crystal-facet control or alloy-composition tuning?,The CeO2 nanocube/nanorod system with facet-dependent activity and the AuPt alloy nanoparticle system with composition-dependent activity.,10.1038/srep40103,“AuPt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with varying compositions were prepared…” and “both peroxidase-like and oxidase-like activity of AuPt alloy NPs were highly dependent on the alloy compositions…”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q17,"Considering only the RSC Advances papers, list the nanozymes studied and the enzyme-like modes they explicitly claim or demonstrate.","Ru nanoparticles: HRP-like, oxidase-like, and AAO-like activity; Co@Fe3O4 nanozymes: peroxidase-like activity.",10.1039/C7RA10370K,"“In this work, we investigated the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and oxidase mimetic activity of Ru NPs.” Also, “Ru NPs mimicking ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) can oxidize NaA under ambient condition…”",constraints: source,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q17,"Considering only the RSC Advances papers, list the nanozymes studied and the enzyme-like modes they explicitly claim or demonstrate.","Ru nanoparticles: HRP-like, oxidase-like, and AAO-like activity; Co@Fe3O4 nanozymes: peroxidase-like activity.",10.1039/C8RA05487H,“We report a highly active peroxidase for renal tumor catalytic therapy by doping cobalt into Fe3O4 nanozymes…” and “Co@Fe3O4 nanozymes possessed stronger peroxidase activity…”,constraints: source,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q18,"Aggregate the union of all explicitly tested/mentioned interfering species across (i) the microfluidic CeO2 NS H2O2 sensor interference study, (ii) the Pd–Pt nanocube AA selectivity test, and (iii) the AuPt HS− selectivity discussion.","Uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), glucose (GLU), glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), GSSG, and glycine.",10.1021/acsomega.9b03252,"“Interference studies of cerium oxide-based lab-on-a-chip device on addition of 1 mM UA, DA, AA, GLU, GSH and 0.2 mM H2O2.”",none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q18,"Aggregate the union of all explicitly tested/mentioned interfering species across (i) the microfluidic CeO2 NS H2O2 sensor interference study, (ii) the Pd–Pt nanocube AA selectivity test, and (iii) the AuPt HS− selectivity discussion.","Uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), glucose (GLU), glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), GSSG, and glycine.",10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100031,"“The interferential substances were prepared by dissolving Na2CO3, CaSO4, K3PO4, dopamine hydrochloride, L-cysteine and D-glucose in DI water to obtain the 1 mM solution of Na⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, glucose and the 100 μM solution of dopamine and cysteine, respectively.”",none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q18,"Aggregate the union of all explicitly tested/mentioned interfering species across (i) the microfluidic CeO2 NS H2O2 sensor interference study, (ii) the Pd–Pt nanocube AA selectivity test, and (iii) the AuPt HS− selectivity discussion.","Uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), glucose (GLU), glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), GSSG, and glycine.",10.1038/srep40103,"“AA, glucose, GSSG, uric acid and glycine showed negligible effects…” and “cysteine and GSH cause considerable reduction of catalytic activity…”",none,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q19,Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assay systems published between 2017 and 2022 use the TMB + H2O2 peroxidase-mimic reaction and quantify oxidized TMB at approximately 652–653 nm?,"The Co@Fe3O4/Fe3O4 system, the Fe3O4@LNP system, the Pd–Pt core-shell nanocube ascorbic-acid system, the porous LaNiO3 nanocube system, and the cerium-oxide-nanosheet system.",10.1039/C8RA05487H,“both the Fe3O4 and Co@Fe3O4 nanozymes catalyzed the oxidation of TMB with H2O2 to produce blue color products with absorption at 652 nm”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q19,Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assay systems published between 2017 and 2022 use the TMB + H2O2 peroxidase-mimic reaction and quantify oxidized TMB at approximately 652–653 nm?,"The Co@Fe3O4/Fe3O4 system, the Fe3O4@LNP system, the Pd–Pt core-shell nanocube ascorbic-acid system, the porous LaNiO3 nanocube system, and the cerium-oxide-nanosheet system.",10.3390/nano9020210,“The peroxidase-liked activity of Fe3O4@LNPs was confirmed and evaluated by the reaction between TMB and H2O2…” and “The color change and absorbance peak at 652 nm were respectively observed from the reaction of Fe3O4@LNPs + TMB + H2O2”,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q19,Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assay systems published between 2017 and 2022 use the TMB + H2O2 peroxidase-mimic reaction and quantify oxidized TMB at approximately 652–653 nm?,"The Co@Fe3O4/Fe3O4 system, the Fe3O4@LNP system, the Pd–Pt core-shell nanocube ascorbic-acid system, the porous LaNiO3 nanocube system, and the cerium-oxide-nanosheet system.",10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100031,“The color signal generated by the Pd-Pt NCs catalyzed oxidation of… TMB by H2O2 is quenched…” and the assay tracks “A0 and Ax refer to the absorbances at 653 nm” in the paper’s method.,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q19,Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assay systems published between 2017 and 2022 use the TMB + H2O2 peroxidase-mimic reaction and quantify oxidized TMB at approximately 652–653 nm?,"The Co@Fe3O4/Fe3O4 system, the Fe3O4@LNP system, the Pd–Pt core-shell nanocube ascorbic-acid system, the porous LaNiO3 nanocube system, and the cerium-oxide-nanosheet system.",10.7150/thno.19257,"“The oxidation of TMB generated the oxidized product (i.e., TMBox) with characteristic absorption peaks at 370 nm and 652 nm.” and “the porous LaNiO3 nanocubes along with H2O2 and TMB… showed a deep blue color with strong absorbance at 370 nm and 652 nm.”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q19,Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assay systems published between 2017 and 2022 use the TMB + H2O2 peroxidase-mimic reaction and quantify oxidized TMB at approximately 652–653 nm?,"The Co@Fe3O4/Fe3O4 system, the Fe3O4@LNP system, the Pd–Pt core-shell nanocube ascorbic-acid system, the porous LaNiO3 nanocube system, and the cerium-oxide-nanosheet system.",10.1021/acsomega.9b03252,"“The peroxidase-like catalytic activity of cerium oxide NSs was investigated by catalyzing the oxidation of… TMB in the presence of H2O2.” and “an additional strong adsorption peak at 652 nm is observed, and the color of the solution turned blue”",constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q19,Which nanozyme-based colorimetric assay systems published between 2017 and 2022 use the TMB + H2O2 peroxidase-mimic reaction and quantify oxidized TMB at approximately 652–653 nm?,"The Co@Fe3O4/Fe3O4 system, the Fe3O4@LNP system, the Pd–Pt core-shell nanocube ascorbic-acid system, the porous LaNiO3 nanocube system, and the cerium-oxide-nanosheet system.",,,constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q20,"Across Fe-based nanozyme systems published between 2018 and 2019, which iron-containing catalyst entries are explicitly reported with H2O2 as a substrate, and what Km(H2O2) values are given for each?",Co@Fe3O4 — 0.19 mM; Fe3O4 — 56.89 mM; Fe3O4@LNPs — 5.30 mM; Fe3O4 NPs — 154 mM; His-Fe3O4 — 37.99 mM; Ala-Fe3O4 — 226.60 mM; CDs-Fe3O4 — 56.97 mM; GO-Fe3O4 — 305.00 mM.,10.1039/C8RA05487H,Table 1,multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Nanozymes,Nanozymes_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Nanozymes_s5_q20,"Across Fe-based nanozyme systems published between 2018 and 2019, which iron-containing catalyst entries are explicitly reported with H2O2 as a substrate, and what Km(H2O2) values are given for each?",Co@Fe3O4 — 0.19 mM; Fe3O4 — 56.89 mM; Fe3O4@LNPs — 5.30 mM; Fe3O4 NPs — 154 mM; His-Fe3O4 — 37.99 mM; Ala-Fe3O4 — 226.60 mM; CDs-Fe3O4 — 56.97 mM; GO-Fe3O4 — 305.00 mM.,10.3390/nano9020210,Table 1,multimodal: table | constraints: temporal,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q1,What are all stem cell types proposed for corneal stroma regeneration and what keratocyte-specific markers have been confirmed for each in vivo — considering both the review literature and original experimental data from UMSC transplantation studies?,"Six types: CSSCs (keratocan, human keratan sulfate in vivo), BM-MSCs (keratocan in vivo), ADASCs (collagens I/VI, keratocan, ALDH in vivo), UMSCs (KS-keratocan, KS-lumican, ALDH3A1, CD34, dendritic morphology, quiescence in vivo), ESCs (keratocan in vitro only), iPSCs (keratocyte-like morphology in vitro only).",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,Table 1,multimodal: table,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q1,What are all stem cell types proposed for corneal stroma regeneration and what keratocyte-specific markers have been confirmed for each in vivo — considering both the review literature and original experimental data from UMSC transplantation studies?,"Six types: CSSCs (keratocan, human keratan sulfate in vivo), BM-MSCs (keratocan in vivo), ADASCs (collagens I/VI, keratocan, ALDH in vivo), UMSCs (KS-keratocan, KS-lumican, ALDH3A1, CD34, dendritic morphology, quiescence in vivo), ESCs (keratocan in vitro only), iPSCs (keratocyte-like morphology in vitro only).",10.1371/journal.pone.0010707,"""these cells assumed a keratocyte phenotype, e.g., dendritic morphology, quiescence, expression of keratocyte unique keratan sulfated keratocan and lumican, and CD34."", ""aldehyde dehydrogenase levels were increased 2–3 folds.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q2,What are all CD markers reported across the literature for characterizing mesenchymal stem cells used in corneal stroma regeneration — both those identified by flow cytometry for UMSCs before transplantation and those described as MSC markers for corneal stromal stem cells?,"UMSCs positive: CD105/SH2, CD73/SH3, CD90, CD29, CD44, CD13. UMSCs negative: CD45, CD34, CD14, HLA-DR, CD31. CSSCs express: CD73, CD90, plus neural ectoderm marker PAX6 and adult stem cell marker ABCG2.",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,"""CSSCs express genes typical of descendants of the neural ectoderm such as PAX6, adult stem cell markers such as ABCG2 and MSC markers such as CD73 and CD90.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q2,What are all CD markers reported across the literature for characterizing mesenchymal stem cells used in corneal stroma regeneration — both those identified by flow cytometry for UMSCs before transplantation and those described as MSC markers for corneal stromal stem cells?,"UMSCs positive: CD105/SH2, CD73/SH3, CD90, CD29, CD44, CD13. UMSCs negative: CD45, CD34, CD14, HLA-DR, CD31. CSSCs express: CD73, CD90, plus neural ectoderm marker PAX6 and adult stem cell marker ABCG2.",10.1371/journal.pone.0010707,""">95% expressed CD105/SH2, CD73/SH3, CD90, CD29, CD44, CD13; <1% positive for CD45, CD34, CD14, HLA-DR, CD31.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q3,What are all extracellular matrix components and keratocyte markers produced in vivo by mesenchymal stem cells after intrastromal transplantation — combining evidence from ADASC implantation in rabbit corneas and UMSC transplantation in lumican null mouse corneas?,"ADASCs produced: collagen type I, collagen type VI (not types III or IV). UMSCs produced: keratan sulfated keratocan, keratan sulfated lumican. Both upregulated ALDH. UMSCs additionally expressed CD34 and achieved dendritic morphology with quiescence.",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,"""collagen types I and VI were found to be expressed... collagen types III and IV, not normally expressed in the corneal stroma, were not detected either in the host corneal stroma or in the transplanted h-ADASCs.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q3,What are all extracellular matrix components and keratocyte markers produced in vivo by mesenchymal stem cells after intrastromal transplantation — combining evidence from ADASC implantation in rabbit corneas and UMSC transplantation in lumican null mouse corneas?,"ADASCs produced: collagen type I, collagen type VI (not types III or IV). UMSCs produced: keratan sulfated keratocan, keratan sulfated lumican. Both upregulated ALDH. UMSCs additionally expressed CD34 and achieved dendritic morphology with quiescence.",10.1371/journal.pone.0010707,"""the newly synthesized human keratocan expressed by transplanted UMSCs is keratan sulfate proteoglycan."" ""lumican was detected after enzymatic removal of KS-GAG.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q4,"What are all delivery methods for stem cell transplantation into the corneal stroma described in the literature, and what specific technical parameters have been reported for intrastromal injection?","Methods: (1) ocular surface (nanofiber scaffolds, fibrin glue, topical), (2) intrastromal injection alone, (3) intrastromal with biodegradable scaffolds (HA hydrogel, PLGA), (4) intrastromal with decellularized corneal stroma (120 µm laminas), (5) anterior chamber injection, (6) intravenous injection. Technical parameters for intrastromal injection: 33-gauge needle, 1×10⁴ cells in 2 µl PBS per cornea.",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,"""120 μm thickness and 9.0 mm diameter laminas.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q4,"What are all delivery methods for stem cell transplantation into the corneal stroma described in the literature, and what specific technical parameters have been reported for intrastromal injection?","Methods: (1) ocular surface (nanofiber scaffolds, fibrin glue, topical), (2) intrastromal injection alone, (3) intrastromal with biodegradable scaffolds (HA hydrogel, PLGA), (4) intrastromal with decellularized corneal stroma (120 µm laminas), (5) anterior chamber injection, (6) intravenous injection. Technical parameters for intrastromal injection: 33-gauge needle, 1×10⁴ cells in 2 µl PBS per cornea.",10.1371/journal.pone.0010707,"""A corneal intrastromal tunnel into the stroma was created with a 33-gauge needle. 1×10⁴ cells in 2 µl PBS were injected into each cornea.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q5,What are all molecular factors and immune cell markers associated with the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in the corneal stroma — combining paracrine factors described in review literature with immune response markers measured after UMSC and UHSC transplantation?,"Paracrine/immunomodulatory factors secreted by MSCs: VEGF, PDGF, HGF, TGFβ1, and TSG6 (critical for immunosuppression, part of extracellular glycocalyx). Immune response markers measured after transplantation: CD45+ leukocytes, CD90+ T-cells, F4/80+ macrophages — all present at low levels after UMSC transplantation but at high levels after UHSC transplantation.",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,"""MSCs secrete paracrine factors such as VEGF, PDGF, HGF, and TGFβ1."" ""a rich extracellular glycocalyx that contains TSG6. TSG6 has been demonstrated to play a critical role in the immunosuppressive properties exhibited by MSCs.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q5,What are all molecular factors and immune cell markers associated with the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in the corneal stroma — combining paracrine factors described in review literature with immune response markers measured after UMSC and UHSC transplantation?,"Paracrine/immunomodulatory factors secreted by MSCs: VEGF, PDGF, HGF, TGFβ1, and TSG6 (critical for immunosuppression, part of extracellular glycocalyx). Immune response markers measured after transplantation: CD45+ leukocytes, CD90+ T-cells, F4/80+ macrophages — all present at low levels after UMSC transplantation but at high levels after UHSC transplantation.",10.1371/journal.pone.0010707,"""there were more CD45+ leukocytes, CD90+ (Thy-1 cells), and F4/80+ macrophages presented in UHSC transplanted corneas than those transplanted with UMSCs.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q6,What are all bioactive components of autologous serum eye drops reported across both 2025 quantitative measurement studies and 2017 review literature on dry eye therapy?,"Quantified in RCT: EGF (42.20 pg/ml), bFGF (36.92 pg/ml), HGF (286.37 pg/ml), β-NGF (2.66 pg/ml), PDGF-AA (2429.32 pg/ml), PDGF-BB (2112.13 pg/ml), TGF-α (36.73 pg/ml), TGF-β1 (9.77 pg/ml), VEGF (76.58 pg/ml). Additionally described in reviews without quantification: vitamin A, substance P, lactoferrin, lysozyme, fibronectin, immunoglobulin A (IgA), vitamin C.",10.1007/s40123-024-01082-y,Table 2,"multimodal: table | constraints: temporal, theme",
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q6,What are all bioactive components of autologous serum eye drops reported across both 2025 quantitative measurement studies and 2017 review literature on dry eye therapy?,"Quantified in RCT: EGF (42.20 pg/ml), bFGF (36.92 pg/ml), HGF (286.37 pg/ml), β-NGF (2.66 pg/ml), PDGF-AA (2429.32 pg/ml), PDGF-BB (2112.13 pg/ml), TGF-α (36.73 pg/ml), TGF-β1 (9.77 pg/ml), VEGF (76.58 pg/ml). Additionally described in reviews without quantification: vitamin A, substance P, lactoferrin, lysozyme, fibronectin, immunoglobulin A (IgA), vitamin C.",10.15226/2474-9249/2/2/00123,"""Serum contains various factors... including vitamin A, epidermal growth factors, substance P, as well as proteins such as lactoferrins and lysozymes."" ""more vitamin A, lysozyme, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and fibronectin, and less immunoglobulin A (IgA), epithelial growth factor (EGF) and vitamin C in serum than in tears.""","constraints: temporal, theme",
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q7,What are all significant correlations between patient baseline characteristics and growth factor concentrations reported in 100% autologous serum and 100% autologous platelet-rich plasma for dry eye disease?,"In 100% APRP: female sex → lower bFGF (P = 0.007); platelet concentration → positive correlation with EGF (P = 0.028) and VEGF (P = 0.020). In 100% AS: Sjögren's syndrome → negative correlation with PDGF-BB (P = 0.028) and VEGF (P = 0.023); diabetes mellitus → negative correlation with HGF (P = 0.001), TGF-α (P = 0.001), and VEGF (P = 0.002). Age and sex were not significantly associated with growth factors in AS.",10.1007/s40123-024-01082-y,"""female was associated with significantly lower bFGF compared to male (P = 0.007)."" ""platelet concentrations did not correlate with the concentrations of epitheliotrophic factors, except for EGF (P = 0.028) and VEGF (P = 0.020)."" ""Sjögren's syndrome negatively correlated with the concentrations of PDGF-BB (P = 0.028) and VEGF (P = 0.023)."" ""DM showed significantly negative correlations with the concentrations of HGF (P = 0.001), TGF-α (P = 0.001), and VEGF (P = 0.002).""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q8,"What are all ocular surface conditions for which autologous serum eye drops have been used or recommended, combining indications from both 2017 review literature and 2016 clinical studies of persistent corneal epithelial defects?","From reviews: Sjögren's syndrome-related tear deficiency, non-Sjögren's tear deficiency with graft-versus-host disease, neurotrophic keratitis, persistent epithelial defects, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, post-LASIK dry eye. From clinical PED study: chemical/thermal injuries, neurotrophic keratopathy, postinfectious PED, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, bullous keratopathy, contact lens-related limbal stem cell deficiency, recurrent corneal erosion, vernal keratoconjunctivitis with shield ulcer, mucous membrane pemphigoid, exposure keratopathy, GVHD.",10.15226/2474-9249/2/2/00123,"""Autologous serum eye drops have been recommended for the treatment of several ocular surface disturbances, such as Sjögren's syndrome-related tear deficiency, non-Sjögren's tear deficiency associated with graft-versus-host disease, neurotrophic keratitis, persistent epithelial defects, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, and postoperative dry eye induced by LASIK.""","constraints: temporal, theme",
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q8,"What are all ocular surface conditions for which autologous serum eye drops have been used or recommended, combining indications from both 2017 review literature and 2016 clinical studies of persistent corneal epithelial defects?","From reviews: Sjögren's syndrome-related tear deficiency, non-Sjögren's tear deficiency with graft-versus-host disease, neurotrophic keratitis, persistent epithelial defects, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, post-LASIK dry eye. From clinical PED study: chemical/thermal injuries, neurotrophic keratopathy, postinfectious PED, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, bullous keratopathy, contact lens-related limbal stem cell deficiency, recurrent corneal erosion, vernal keratoconjunctivitis with shield ulcer, mucous membrane pemphigoid, exposure keratopathy, GVHD.",10.1038/srep38143,Table 1,"constraints: temporal, theme | multimodal: table",
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q9,"What are all preparation parameters reported for both 100% autologous platelet-rich plasma and 100% autologous serum eye drop protocols, combining data from the original clinical study and the subsequent randomized trial?","APRP protocol: 108 ml blood in 3 tubes (36 ml/tube) with 4 ml 3.2% sodium citrate (9:1 ratio); centrifugation 350×g, 10 min, 20°C; plasma aspirated avoiding leukocyte layer; 1.5 ml aliquots in opaque bottles. AS protocol: 50–108 ml blood by venipuncture at antecubital fossa into tubes without anticoagulant; 2 h clotting at 18–25°C upright; centrifugation 3000×g, 15 min, 20°C; serum filtered through 0.2 µm membrane; no dilution; 1.5 ml aliquots in identical opaque bottles.",10.1007/s40123-024-01082-y,"""APRP: ""36 ml/tube containing 4 ml of 3.2% sodium citrate... centrifuged at 350×g for 10 min at 20°C."" AS: ""left standing for 2 h at room temperature (18–25°C)... centrifugation at 3000×g for 15 min at 20°C... filtered through a 0.2-μm pore size membrane filter.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q9,"What are all preparation parameters reported for both 100% autologous platelet-rich plasma and 100% autologous serum eye drop protocols, combining data from the original clinical study and the subsequent randomized trial?","APRP protocol: 108 ml blood in 3 tubes (36 ml/tube) with 4 ml 3.2% sodium citrate (9:1 ratio); centrifugation 350×g, 10 min, 20°C; plasma aspirated avoiding leukocyte layer; 1.5 ml aliquots in opaque bottles. AS protocol: 50–108 ml blood by venipuncture at antecubital fossa into tubes without anticoagulant; 2 h clotting at 18–25°C upright; centrifugation 3000×g, 15 min, 20°C; serum filtered through 0.2 µm membrane; no dilution; 1.5 ml aliquots in identical opaque bottles.",10.1038/srep38143,"""venipuncture was performed at the antecubital fossa and 50–100 ml of whole blood was collected... left standing for 2 hours... centrifugation at 3000g for 15 minutes... filter-sterilized (0.2 μm) with no dilution.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q10,What are all adverse effects and safety risks reported for both undiluted autologous serum eye drops in treating persistent epithelial defects and mesenchymal stem cell-based corneal stroma therapy across clinical and experimental studies?,"AS eye drops: (1) presumptive allergic reaction to own serum — non-painful red swollen eyelids (1 patient, 1.83%), resolved within 72h of cessation; (2) sticky sensation with mild ocular discomfort (1 patient, continued treatment); (3) no infectious keratitis; (4) patient inconvenience of large blood volume collection and repeated draws. MSC therapy risks: (1) no inflammation or rejection observed in clinical ADASC trial (n=5) or xenogeneic UMSC experiments; (2) anterior chamber MSC injection may induce scarring and glaucoma; (3) synthetic biodegradable scaffolds may cause nonspecific inflammatory response on degradation; (4) potential therapeutic efficacy differences among different MSC donors; (5) high laboratory costs.",10.1038/srep38143,"""one patient had non-painful red swollen eyelids... suspected to have an allergic reaction to his own serum eye drops."", ""Another patient had sticky sensation with mild ocular discomfort."", ""there were no serious complications such as infectious keratitis encountered during the entire study period."", ""the downside of using 100% serum eye drops includes patient inconvenience of large volume of blood collection.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q10,What are all adverse effects and safety risks reported for both undiluted autologous serum eye drops in treating persistent epithelial defects and mesenchymal stem cell-based corneal stroma therapy across clinical and experimental studies?,"AS eye drops: (1) presumptive allergic reaction to own serum — non-painful red swollen eyelids (1 patient, 1.83%), resolved within 72h of cessation; (2) sticky sensation with mild ocular discomfort (1 patient, continued treatment); (3) no infectious keratitis; (4) patient inconvenience of large blood volume collection and repeated draws. MSC therapy risks: (1) no inflammation or rejection observed in clinical ADASC trial (n=5) or xenogeneic UMSC experiments; (2) anterior chamber MSC injection may induce scarring and glaucoma; (3) synthetic biodegradable scaffolds may cause nonspecific inflammatory response on degradation; (4) potential therapeutic efficacy differences among different MSC donors; (5) high laboratory costs.",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,"""No signs of inflammation or rejection were observed, confirming all previous evidence reported in the animal model."",  ""the possible side effects of this MSC injection into the anterior chamber for the lens epithelium and trabecullum is highly questionable as it may induce scarring and a subsequent glaucoma."",  ""strong inflammatory responses induced on their biodegradation and nearly all polymer materials cause a nonspecific inflammatory response."", ""potential therapeutic efficacy differences among different donors have to be given serious consideration.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q11,"What are all epitheliotrophic factors that are significantly higher in 100% APRP versus 100% AS and vice versa, and what clinical indications have been proposed for each product based on its growth factor profile in the Jongkhajornpong et al. 2025 study ?","Higher in APRP: EGF (4.3-fold), bFGF (4.9-fold), β-NGF (1.6-fold) → proposed for neurotrophic keratopathy (higher β-NGF), early-stage ocular surface disorders and mucin-deficient dry eye (higher EGF and bFGF promoting epithelial migration/proliferation and goblet cell mucin production). Higher in AS: HGF (3.8-fold), PDGF-AA (2.4-fold), PDGF-BB (1.6-fold), VEGF (2.4-fold) → proposed for persistent epithelial defects with or without stromal loss (HGF: anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, less scarring). No significant difference: TGF-α (P = 0.489), TGF-β1 (P = 0.428).",10.1007/s40123-024-01082-y,"Table 2, ""100% APRP could be the treatment of choice for treating neurotrophic keratopathy due to its higher β-NGF content."" ""APRP might be more preferable to AS for early-stage ocular surface disorders as it offers EGF and bFGF more than four times greater."" ""AS could be considered as the primary treatment option for persistent epithelial defects with or without stromal loss to minimize inflammation and neovascularization, and heal the defects with less scarring.""","constraints: source, temporal | multimodal: table",
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q12,What are all baseline patient characteristics reported across clinical studies using undiluted autologous serum eye drops — both the dry eye disease randomized trial and the persistent epithelial defect study?,"DED trial (n=96): age 54.9±10.1 / 54.7±10.5 years; 95.8%/91.7% female; Sjögren's 43.8%/35.4%; DM 12.5%/8.3%; GVHD 0/2.1%; systemic medications 25%/12.5%; OSDI 32±13/31±13; Oxford grade 1-2: 56.3%/66.7%; Hb 12.6/12.9 g/dl; platelet count 265.3/269.4 ×10⁶/ml. PED study (n=109 eyes): age 45.4±19.3; 57.8% male; 12 diagnostic categories (chemical injuries 26.6%, neurotrophic 22.9%, postinfectious 13.8%, SJS/TEN 10.1%, etc.); DM 31.2%; prior contact lens use 67%; mean PED area 35.65±19.74 mm².",10.1007/s40123-024-01082-y,Table 1,multimodal: table,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q12,What are all baseline patient characteristics reported across clinical studies using undiluted autologous serum eye drops — both the dry eye disease randomized trial and the persistent epithelial defect study?,"DED trial (n=96): age 54.9±10.1 / 54.7±10.5 years; 95.8%/91.7% female; Sjögren's 43.8%/35.4%; DM 12.5%/8.3%; GVHD 0/2.1%; systemic medications 25%/12.5%; OSDI 32±13/31±13; Oxford grade 1-2: 56.3%/66.7%; Hb 12.6/12.9 g/dl; platelet count 265.3/269.4 ×10⁶/ml. PED study (n=109 eyes): age 45.4±19.3; 57.8% male; 12 diagnostic categories (chemical injuries 26.6%, neurotrophic 22.9%, postinfectious 13.8%, SJS/TEN 10.1%, etc.); DM 31.2%; prior contact lens use 67%; mean PED area 35.65±19.74 mm².",10.1038/srep38143,Table 1,multimodal: table,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q13,What are all surgical interventions reported as necessary when either undiluted serum eye drop therapy for persistent epithelial defects or mesenchymal stem cell therapy for corneal stroma diseases fails to achieve the desired outcome?,"After AS failure for PED: amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT), tarsorrhaphy, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive, lamellar keratoplasty, penetrating keratoplasty, limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT). After MSC/conventional therapy failure for stromal diseases: penetrating keratoplasty (corneal transplantation), keratoprosthesis.",10.1038/srep38143,Table 4,multimodal: table,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q13,What are all surgical interventions reported as necessary when either undiluted serum eye drop therapy for persistent epithelial defects or mesenchymal stem cell therapy for corneal stroma diseases fails to achieve the desired outcome?,"After AS failure for PED: amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT), tarsorrhaphy, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive, lamellar keratoplasty, penetrating keratoplasty, limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT). After MSC/conventional therapy failure for stromal diseases: penetrating keratoplasty (corneal transplantation), keratoprosthesis.",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,"""keratoplasty... remains the most effective way for treating corneal blindness."" ""Use of keratoprostheses has achieved some success as one of the final solutions when an ordinary keratoplasty is not possible.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q14,What are all technical limitations and challenges reported across the literature for both corneal stroma regeneration approaches and stem cell transplantation into the cornea?,"Corneal stroma engineering: (1) extreme difficulty mimicking ultrastructure — substitutes lack transparency or strength; (2) keratophakia abandoned due to unpredictable refractive outcome and interface haze; (3) SDS decellularization ineffective for full-thickness (~500 µm) cornea, works only for thin lenticules; (4) synthetic scaffolds cause inflammatory response on biodegradation. Stem cell limitations: (5) CSSCs — limited cell number from corneal tissue, technically demanding isolation, requires healthy contralateral eye; (6) UMSCs — heterogeneity of population may account for early apoptosis; not autologously available; (7) ESCs — ethical issues, no in vivo data; (8) iPSC-derived keratocytes from keratoconic patients may carry genetic defects; (9) MSC efficacy varies between donors. Donor cornea supply: (10) diminishing due to increasing LASIK popularity.",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,"""extreme difficulty in mimicking the highly complex ultrastructure of the corneal stroma, obtaining substitutes that either do not achieve enough transparency or strength."", ""abandoned due to the unpredictability of the refractive outcome and the relatively high frequency of interface haze."", ""decellularization of the whole (~500 μm) corneal stroma lacks efficacy."", ""nearly all polymer materials cause a nonspecific inflammatory response."", ""isolating CSSCs autologously is more technically demanding... still requires a contralateral healthy eye.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q14,What are all technical limitations and challenges reported across the literature for both corneal stroma regeneration approaches and stem cell transplantation into the cornea?,"Corneal stroma engineering: (1) extreme difficulty mimicking ultrastructure — substitutes lack transparency or strength; (2) keratophakia abandoned due to unpredictable refractive outcome and interface haze; (3) SDS decellularization ineffective for full-thickness (~500 µm) cornea, works only for thin lenticules; (4) synthetic scaffolds cause inflammatory response on biodegradation. Stem cell limitations: (5) CSSCs — limited cell number from corneal tissue, technically demanding isolation, requires healthy contralateral eye; (6) UMSCs — heterogeneity of population may account for early apoptosis; not autologously available; (7) ESCs — ethical issues, no in vivo data; (8) iPSC-derived keratocytes from keratoconic patients may carry genetic defects; (9) MSC efficacy varies between donors. Donor cornea supply: (10) diminishing due to increasing LASIK popularity.",10.1371/journal.pone.0010707,"""the number of corneal stromal stem cells that can be obtained from human corneas is quite limited and very technically demanding."", ""heterogeneity of UMSCs population may account for the observation."", ""the supply of donor corneas suitable for transplantation... is expected to decrease as the number of individuals receiving LASIK increases.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q15,What are all preparation variables that have been reported to influence the final composition of autologous serum and platelet-rich plasma eye drops across different published protocols?,"Variables: blood collection technique (fasting vs non-fasting, time of day), volume of blood processed (9–108 ml), clotting time (none for PRP; 1–2 h at 22–31°C for AS), number of centrifugations (single vs double), centrifugal force (200–3000×g for PRP; 3000×g for AS), centrifugal duration (10–30 min), centrifugal temperature (4–22°C), anticoagulant type and ratio (citrate-dextrose, 3.2–3.8% sodium citrate; none for AS), diluent and final concentration (20% NSS/BSS vs 100% undiluted), filtration (0.2 µm for AS).",10.1007/s40123-024-01082-y,Table 4,multimodal: table,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q15,What are all preparation variables that have been reported to influence the final composition of autologous serum and platelet-rich plasma eye drops across different published protocols?,"Variables: blood collection technique (fasting vs non-fasting, time of day), volume of blood processed (9–108 ml), clotting time (none for PRP; 1–2 h at 22–31°C for AS), number of centrifugations (single vs double), centrifugal force (200–3000×g for PRP; 3000×g for AS), centrifugal duration (10–30 min), centrifugal temperature (4–22°C), anticoagulant type and ratio (citrate-dextrose, 3.2–3.8% sodium citrate; none for AS), diluent and final concentration (20% NSS/BSS vs 100% undiluted), filtration (0.2 µm for AS).",10.1038/srep38143,"""the number of corneal stromal stem cells that can be obtained from human corneas is quite limited and very technically demanding."", ""heterogeneity of UMSCs population may account for the observation."", ""the supply of donor corneas suitable for transplantation... is expected to decrease as the number of individuals receiving LASIK increases.""",none,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q16,"What are all clinical indications for ROCK inhibitor use in ophthalmology reported across the 2018 corneal stroma review and the 2024 ripasudil cataract surgery study, and explain any differences in how the two sources classify these indications?","Sources partially overlap and partially differ. From 2018 review: glaucoma, corneal endothelium diseases, Descemet's stripping only (DSO/DWEK) for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, regenerative medicine for corneal endothelial pathologies. From 2024 study: glaucoma (Japan approval), bullous keratopathy (Kinoshita protocol), endothelial protection during cataract surgery, corneal endothelial dysfunction from various causes. Classification difference: the 2018 review positions ROCK inhibitors mainly as research tools for stroma/endothelium regeneration, while the 2024 study positions them as established clinical glaucoma drugs being repurposed for endothelial protection. Approval status also differs — ripasudil is approved only in Japan; FDA-approved ROCK inhibitor use is glaucoma, not corneal protection. The apparent conflict reflects evolving clinical understanding (2018 → 2024) and regulatory geography.",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,"""Rho kinase inhibitors... have been utilized in the management of glaucoma and corneal endothelium diseases."" ""DSO... in conjunction with ROCK inhibitors.""","constraints: temporal, theme | negative: conflicting",
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q16,"What are all clinical indications for ROCK inhibitor use in ophthalmology reported across the 2018 corneal stroma review and the 2024 ripasudil cataract surgery study, and explain any differences in how the two sources classify these indications?","Sources partially overlap and partially differ. From 2018 review: glaucoma, corneal endothelium diseases, Descemet's stripping only (DSO/DWEK) for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, regenerative medicine for corneal endothelial pathologies. From 2024 study: glaucoma (Japan approval), bullous keratopathy (Kinoshita protocol), endothelial protection during cataract surgery, corneal endothelial dysfunction from various causes. Classification difference: the 2018 review positions ROCK inhibitors mainly as research tools for stroma/endothelium regeneration, while the 2024 study positions them as established clinical glaucoma drugs being repurposed for endothelial protection. Approval status also differs — ripasudil is approved only in Japan; FDA-approved ROCK inhibitor use is glaucoma, not corneal protection. The apparent conflict reflects evolving clinical understanding (2018 → 2024) and regulatory geography.",10.1007/s40123-024-00950-x,"""ripasudil... used in Japan for the treatment of glaucoma."", ""ripasudil may help preserve the functional integrity of the corneal endothelium.""","constraints: temporal, theme | negative: conflicting",
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q17,"What are all ROCK inhibitors mentioned across the literature on corneal endothelial protection and corneal stroma regeneration, and what are their respective IC50 or Ki values against ROCK1 and ROCK2 isoforms — note whether the sources provide sufficient biochemical data to answer this completely?","Partial answer only — biochemical data are absent from the sources. ROCK inhibitors mentioned: ripasudil (Glanatec® 0.4%; development code K-115), netarsudil, Y-27632. IC50/Ki values: none of the sources report IC50 or Ki values against ROCK1/ROCK2 isoforms. Both the 2024 ripasudil study and the 2018 corneal stroma review describe these compounds by their clinical/experimental use, not their biochemical selectivity profile. Answering the full biochemical question requires primary pharmacology literature (e.g., selectivity data from medicinal chemistry journals).",10.1007/s40123-024-00950-x,"""Ripasudil and netarsudil are both ROCK inhibitors formulated as eye drops."" ""ROCK inhibitor Y-27632."" ""Phase 2 randomized clinical study of a Rho kinase inhibitor, K-115.""",negative: unanswerable,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q17,"What are all ROCK inhibitors mentioned across the literature on corneal endothelial protection and corneal stroma regeneration, and what are their respective IC50 or Ki values against ROCK1 and ROCK2 isoforms — note whether the sources provide sufficient biochemical data to answer this completely?","Partial answer only — biochemical data are absent from the sources. ROCK inhibitors mentioned: ripasudil (Glanatec® 0.4%; development code K-115), netarsudil, Y-27632. IC50/Ki values: none of the sources report IC50 or Ki values against ROCK1/ROCK2 isoforms. Both the 2024 ripasudil study and the 2018 corneal stroma review describe these compounds by their clinical/experimental use, not their biochemical selectivity profile. Answering the full biochemical question requires primary pharmacology literature (e.g., selectivity data from medicinal chemistry journals).",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,"""Okumura et al. showed that the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632.""",negative: unanswerable,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q18,"What are all stem cell types described in a 2018 review on corneal cellular therapy as having differentiated into corneal endothelial cells, and which of them have been combined with ripasudil in clinical trials for cataract surgery patients — explain whether the question's premise is supported by the sources?","The premise is not supported — the question must be corrected before answering. The 2018 review by Alió del Barrio & Alió is titled ""Cellular therapy of the corneal stroma."" Table 1 and the body describe differentiation of CSSCs, BM-MSCs, ADASCs, UMSCs, ESCs, and iPSCs into keratocytes (stromal cells) only — no stem cell type is described as differentiating into corneal endothelial cells in this review. The 2024 ripasudil cataract study uses topical drops only and does not involve stem cells. Therefore: (1) no stem cell → endothelial cell differentiation is described in the review; (2) no stem cell + ripasudil combination exists in either source. The question conflates corneal stroma regeneration with corneal endothelium regeneration, which are separate research areas.",10.1186/s40662-018-0122-1,Table 1,negative: incorrect | constraints: temporal | multimodal: table,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q18,"What are all stem cell types described in a 2018 review on corneal cellular therapy as having differentiated into corneal endothelial cells, and which of them have been combined with ripasudil in clinical trials for cataract surgery patients — explain whether the question's premise is supported by the sources?","The premise is not supported — the question must be corrected before answering. The 2018 review by Alió del Barrio & Alió is titled ""Cellular therapy of the corneal stroma."" Table 1 and the body describe differentiation of CSSCs, BM-MSCs, ADASCs, UMSCs, ESCs, and iPSCs into keratocytes (stromal cells) only — no stem cell type is described as differentiating into corneal endothelial cells in this review. The 2024 ripasudil cataract study uses topical drops only and does not involve stem cells. Therefore: (1) no stem cell → endothelial cell differentiation is described in the review; (2) no stem cell + ripasudil combination exists in either source. The question conflates corneal stroma regeneration with corneal endothelium regeneration, which are separate research areas.",10.1007/s40123-024-00950-x,Methods describe topical ripasudil drops only; no stem cell intervention.,negative: incorrect,
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q19,"What are all published values of endothelial cell loss percentages 12 months after uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery in control and ROCK inhibitor-treated groups as reported in the 2024 Alkharashi study and the sources it cites, and explain why the reported values vary?","Reported values with explanation of variation: Alkharashi 2024 (healthy endothelium, ECD ≥1900): control 12.8%, ripasudil 4.5%. Fujimoto 2021 (low corneal ECD patients): control 14.1 ± 10.3%, ripasudil −4.5 ± 13.0% (negative = cell density increased above baseline). Alkharashi 2020 case series (n=3): qualitative report of ECD decrease without ROCK inhibitor vs preservation with — exact percentages not stated. Achiron ex vivo study: 37.06% reduction in early apoptosis and 45.27% in late apoptosis after ROCK inhibitor pretreatment — different endpoint (apoptosis rate, not ECL). Sources of variation: (a) patient population (healthy vs low ECD — most influential), (b) measurement timepoint, (c) endpoint definition (ECL vs apoptosis rate), (d) study design (in vivo vs ex vivo). The values are not contradictory but context-dependent.",10.1007/s40123-024-00950-x,"""ECL was 12.8% in the control group... 4.5% in the ripasudil group."", ""Fujimoto showed ECL in the control group was 14.1 ± 10.3%... −4.5 ± 13.0% in the ripasudil group.""","negative: conflicting | constraints: temporal, source",
Ophthalmic_Permeability,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Ophthalmic_Permeability_s5_q20,"What are all reported adverse effects, complications, and contraindications of ROCK inhibitor eye drops (ripasudil and netarsudil) in ophthalmology across the 2024 Alkharashi study, and explain whether the cited sources provide a complete safety profile?","Sources provide incomplete safety data — a complete profile is not extractable. From available sources: (1) Alkharashi 2024: ""no adverse effects were observed"" in 23 ripasudil-treated eyes over 12 months after cataract surgery; (2) Tanihara 2013 phase 2 K-115/ripasudil study (cited): adverse events mentioned but not enumerated in the 2024 source; (3) Wisely 2020 case series (cited): reticular bullous epithelial edema reported in corneas treated with netarsudil.",10.1007/s40123-024-00950-x,"""No adverse effects were observed in either of the groups."", ""Although some adverse effects have been reported in the literature, no adverse effects were observed in our patients [28, 29].""",negative: conflicting | constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q1,What modifications in the core structure of linezolid can lead to higher activity against Bacillus subtilis?,"Replacement of the benzene ring of linezolid with a pyridine ring, modification in the side chain at the 5-position, Replacement of the morpholine/thiomorpholine moiety with N-sulfonyl-piperazine and introduction of a nitrofuranamide group",10.3390/ph16040516,"""...here we replaced the benzene ring with pyridine and a nitrogen atom with an oxygen atom at the 5-position side chain of the oxazolidone ring."", ""Among them, compound 12e has the most potent activity, with an MIC of 16 µg/mL against B.subtilis, and could reduce the instantaneous growth rate of bacteria.""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q1,What modifications in the core structure of linezolid can lead to higher activity against Bacillus subtilis?,"Replacement of the benzene ring of linezolid with a pyridine ring, modification in the side chain at the 5-position, Replacement of the morpholine/thiomorpholine moiety with N-sulfonyl-piperazine and introduction of a nitrofuranamide group",10.3390/molecules27031103,"""...the lead molecule (linezolid 1) was modified by the replacement of thiomorpholine with N-sulphonyl piperazine moiety, incorporation of a 2-nitrofuranamide group..."", ""The antibacterial assays showed that, from the series, oxazolidinones 2 and 3a exhibited excellent potency (MIC of 1.17 µg/mL) against B. subtilis...""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q2,What values of the incidence of thrombocytopenia are present in literature for patients treated with oxazolidinone antibiotics in Phase III clinical trials?,"For contezolid no drug-related thrombocytopenia (0%) was observed, while the incidence of thrombocytopenia was 10.8% for linezolid and  4.9% for tedizolid",10.2147/DDDT.S551561,"""Only one drug-related serious adverse event was reported in the contezolid group, with an incidence of 0.28%(incidence 0.1%–1%), and no drug-related thrombocytopenia (0%) was observed. """,none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q2,What values of the incidence of thrombocytopenia are present in literature for patients treated with oxazolidinone antibiotics in Phase III clinical trials?,"For contezolid no drug-related thrombocytopenia (0%) was observed, while the incidence of thrombocytopenia was 10.8% for linezolid and  4.9% for tedizolid",10.1007/s40121-015-0060-3,"""The most prominent difference was seen in the incidence of thrombocytopenia (defined as platelets\150,000 cells/mm3), with 3.7% versus 5.6% (P = 0.585) at 7–9 days, and 4.9% versus 10.8% (P = 0.0003) at 11–13 days for tedizolid and linezolid, respectively. """,none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q3,What severe adverse effects of oxazolidinones are described in literature?,"Serious adverse effects of oxazolidinones include hematological toxicities such as thrombocytopenia, anemia, and myelosuppression, as well as neurological and metabolic issues like optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, bone marrow suppression and serotonin syndrome. Furthermore, some agents are associated with irreversible adverse drug reactions, specifically vision impairment and vision loss.",10.2147/DDDT.S551561,"""Common serious adverse reactions, such as hematological toxicity including thrombocytopenia and anemia, also occurred in the 1%–10% frequency range."" [SEP] ""Data from VigiAccess and FAERS showed that serious adverse events with reporting frequencies over 1% included peripheral neuropathy (4.76%), lactic acidosis (4.03%), serotonin syndrome (3.70%), and myelosuppression (2.42%)."" [SEP] ""Both linezolid and tedizolid... are associated with irreversible ADRs such as vision impairment and vision loss."" [SEP] ""Common adverse events for tedizolid (frequency 1%–10%) included nausea (8%), headache (6%), diarrhea (4%), vomiting (3%), and dizziness (2%)."" [SEP] ""The frequencies of hematological toxicity such as thrombocytopenia (2.3%) and anemia (3.1%), as well as neuropathy (1.2%) for tedizolid were comparable to those of the comparator drug linezolid. [SEP] ""Only one drug-related serious adverse event was reported... with a frequency of 0.28% (range 0.1%–1%), and no drug-related thrombocytopenia (0%) was observed""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q3,What severe adverse effects of oxazolidinones are described in literature?,"Serious adverse effects of oxazolidinones include hematological toxicities such as thrombocytopenia, anemia, and myelosuppression, as well as neurological and metabolic issues like optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, bone marrow suppression and serotonin syndrome. Furthermore, some agents are associated with irreversible adverse drug reactions, specifically vision impairment and vision loss.",10.1007/s40121-015-0060-3,"""Major adverse effects, such as myelosuppression, optic neuropathy, and peripheral neuropathy, significantly restrict the utility of LZD"". [SEP] ""The LZD-containing regimen was suspected of leading to bone marrow suppression and lactic acidosis""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q3,What severe adverse effects of oxazolidinones are described in literature?,"Serious adverse effects of oxazolidinones include hematological toxicities such as thrombocytopenia, anemia, and myelosuppression, as well as neurological and metabolic issues like optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, bone marrow suppression and serotonin syndrome. Furthermore, some agents are associated with irreversible adverse drug reactions, specifically vision impairment and vision loss.",10.21203/rs.3.rs-7809956/v1,"""However, the use of LNZ is often associated with significant side effects, including serotonin syndrome, hyperlactatemia, and myelosuppression."" [SEP] ""In particular, myelosuppression (most frequently thrombocytopenia) limits its use in hematologic patients, making it a less favorable choice in this population."" [SEP] ""...where the risk of drug induced cytopenias is a major concern and treatment options are often limited by hematological toxicity.""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature before 2020?,"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,  linezolid-resistant enterococci strains,  methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, vancomycin susceptible enterococci, M. abscessus, M. avium, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, and M. intracellulare, S. aureus, Staphylococcal species (Includes isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4),
S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi
(6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2), and unspeciated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (9).), Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus anginosus group (Includes isolates of S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus.)",10.3762/bjoc.12.45,"""Minimal Inhibition Concentration values expressed in mg/L for [SEP] selected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains [SEP] (MRSA).""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature before 2020?,"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,  linezolid-resistant enterococci strains,  methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, vancomycin susceptible enterococci, M. abscessus, M. avium, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, and M. intracellulare, S. aureus, Staphylococcal species (Includes isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4),
S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi
(6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2), and unspeciated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (9).), Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus anginosus group (Includes isolates of S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus.)",10.1186/s12866-019-1537-0,"""None of 16 linezolid-resistant enterococci strains [SEP] contained cfr gene. Only one strain had the G2658 T [SEP] mutation in 23S rRNA gene with linezolid MIC of [SEP] 16 mg/L.""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature before 2020?,"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,  linezolid-resistant enterococci strains,  methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, vancomycin susceptible enterococci, M. abscessus, M. avium, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, and M. intracellulare, S. aureus, Staphylococcal species (Includes isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4),
S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi
(6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2), and unspeciated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (9).), Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus anginosus group (Includes isolates of S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus.)",10.1007/s40121-015-0060-3,"""MIC50 50% minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC90 [SEP] 90% minimum inhibitory concentration, MRSA [SEP] methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MSSA [SEP] methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, VRE [SEP] vancomycin-resistant enterococci, VSE vancomycinsusceptible [SEP] enterococci [SEP] a MIC90 1 and 2 mg/L for S. epidermidis and other [SEP] coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., respectively""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature before 2020?,"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,  linezolid-resistant enterococci strains,  methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, vancomycin susceptible enterococci, M. abscessus, M. avium, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, and M. intracellulare, S. aureus, Staphylococcal species (Includes isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4),
S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi
(6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2), and unspeciated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (9).), Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus anginosus group (Includes isolates of S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus.)",10.7883/yoken.JJID.2014.498,"""The isolates tested [SEP] herein were M. abscessus (21 isolates), M. avium complex [SEP] (31 isolates), M. chelonae (11 isolates), M. fortuitum [SEP] (24 isolates), M. kansasii (26 isolates), and M. intracellulare [SEP] (17 isolates).""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q4,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature before 2020?,"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,  linezolid-resistant enterococci strains,  methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, vancomycin susceptible enterococci, M. abscessus, M. avium, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, and M. intracellulare, S. aureus, Staphylococcal species (Includes isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4),
S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi
(6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2), and unspeciated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (9).), Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus anginosus group (Includes isolates of S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus.)",10.1186/s12941-014-0046-0,"""S. aureus (n = 7187), staphylococci [SEP] other than S. aureus (n = 674), Enterococcus spp (n = 1241), [SEP] and Streptococcus spp (n = 1600)."" [SEP] ""aAn MIC value of 0.25 was the lowest MIC value tested for linezolid. Linezolid results should be read as ≤0.25 μg/ml.bIncludes isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4), [SEP] S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi [SEP] (6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2), and unspeciated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (9). [SEP] cIncludes isolates of S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus.""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q5,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published in 2021-2022?,"S. aureus (ATCC25923), S. pneumoniae (ATCC49619), B. subtilis (BNCC109047) and
S. epidermidis (BNCC186652), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212).
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633).
Staphylococcus xylosus (ATCC35924)
E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii
E. faecium",10.3390/molecules27031103,"""All twelve synthesized compounds were tested against four Gram-positive strains, [SEP] including S. aureus (ATCC25923), S. pneumoniae (ATCC49619), B. subtilis (BNCC109047) and [SEP] S. epidermidis (BNCC186652)""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q5,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published in 2021-2022?,"S. aureus (ATCC25923), S. pneumoniae (ATCC49619), B. subtilis (BNCC109047) and
S. epidermidis (BNCC186652), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212).
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633).
Staphylococcus xylosus (ATCC35924)
E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii
E. faecium",10.3389/fchem.2022.949813,"""aSa, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923). [SEP] bSp, Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC49619). [SEP] cEf, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212). [SEP] dBs, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633). [SEP] eSx, Staphylococcus xylosus (ATCC35924). MICs, were determined in three [SEP] independent experiments.""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q5,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published in 2021-2022?,"S. aureus (ATCC25923), S. pneumoniae (ATCC49619), B. subtilis (BNCC109047) and
S. epidermidis (BNCC186652), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212).
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633).
Staphylococcus xylosus (ATCC35924)
E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii
E. faecium",10.1101/2022.06.27.497815,"""We next analyzed activities of the compound series in three [SEP] GNB, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q5,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published in 2021-2022?,"S. aureus (ATCC25923), S. pneumoniae (ATCC49619), B. subtilis (BNCC109047) and
S. epidermidis (BNCC186652), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212).
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633).
Staphylococcus xylosus (ATCC35924)
E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii
E. faecium",10.1101/2021.06.18.448924,"""The E. faecium 9-F-6 is resistant to linezolid [SEP] (MIC = 8 mg/L) ..""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121; Staphylococcus
aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940; Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96; Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453; Klebsiella planticola MTCC 530; Escherichia coli MTCC 739
M. tuberculosis
Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis
 Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes",10.3390/ph16040516,"""B. s (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121); S. m (Staphylococcus [SEP] aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940); S. a (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96); M. l (Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470); [SEP] P. a (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453); K. p (Klebsiella planticola MTCC 530); E. c (Escherichia coli MTCC 739).""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121; Staphylococcus
aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940; Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96; Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453; Klebsiella planticola MTCC 530; Escherichia coli MTCC 739
M. tuberculosis
Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis
 Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes",10.1101/2023.01.10.523519,"""M. tuberculosis H37Rv was used to infect mice in these studies. The MICs of [SEP] bedaquiline, S587, S876 and pretomanid against this strain were previously described""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121; Staphylococcus
aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940; Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96; Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453; Klebsiella planticola MTCC 530; Escherichia coli MTCC 739
M. tuberculosis
Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis
 Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes",10.3389/fcimb.2023.1225341,"""Antibacterial activity of the novel oxazolidinone contezolid (MRX-I) against Mycobacterium abscessus""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121; Staphylococcus
aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940; Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96; Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453; Klebsiella planticola MTCC 530; Escherichia coli MTCC 739
M. tuberculosis
Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis
 Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes",10.1101/2025.10.24.684387,"""Minimum inhibitory concentration determination ... M. abscessus and M. smegmatis were grown""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121; Staphylococcus
aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940; Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96; Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453; Klebsiella planticola MTCC 530; Escherichia coli MTCC 739
M. tuberculosis
Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis
 Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes",10.1007/s40121-025-01256-6,"""To date, only one study reported an elevated [SEP] MIC of CZD over M. tuberculosis clinical [SEP] isolates...""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121; Staphylococcus
aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940; Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96; Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453; Klebsiella planticola MTCC 530; Escherichia coli MTCC 739
M. tuberculosis
Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis
 Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes",10.2147/CIA.S587530,"""In the Phase 2 clinical study, tedizolid MIC values ranged from 0.12 to 0.5 mg/L for S. aureus (MIC90 of 0.25 mg/L) and did not exceed 0.25 and 0.12 mg/Lfor Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pyogenes, respectively""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q6,Against which bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121; Staphylococcus
aureus MLS-16 MTCC 2940; Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96; Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453; Klebsiella planticola MTCC 530; Escherichia coli MTCC 739
M. tuberculosis
Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis
 Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes",10.1128/aac.01562-23,"""... polystyrene tubes and drug concentrations in doubling dilutions was used to determine the MICs against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain used to infect mice""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q7,What authors report MIC of oxazolidinones against M. abscessus?,"Weiguo Zhao et al., Shan. Gao et al., Tobias Funck et al.",10.7883/yoken.JJID.2014.498,"""The isolates tested [SEP] herein were M. abscessus (21 isolates), M. avium complex [SEP] (31 isolates), M. chelonae (11 isolates), M. fortuitum [SEP] (24 isolates), M. kansasii (26 isolates), and M. intracellulare [SEP] (17 isolates).""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q7,What authors report MIC of oxazolidinones against M. abscessus?,"Weiguo Zhao et al., Shan. Gao et al., Tobias Funck et al.",10.3389/fcimb.2023.1225341,"""Antibacterial activity of the novel oxazolidinone contezolid (MRX-I) against Mycobacterium abscessus""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q7,What authors report MIC of oxazolidinones against M. abscessus?,"Weiguo Zhao et al., Shan. Gao et al., Tobias Funck et al.",10.1101/2025.10.24.684387,"""Minimum inhibitory concentration determination ... M. abscessus and M. smegmatis were grown""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q8,In what years were studies with reported MICs of oxazolidinones against M. tuberculosis published?,"2023, 2025",10.1101/2023.01.10.523519,"""M. tuberculosis H37Rv was used to infect mice in these studies. The MICs of [SEP] bedaquiline, S587, S876 and pretomanid against this strain were previously described""",constraints: theme,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q8,In what years were studies with reported MICs of oxazolidinones against M. tuberculosis published?,"2023, 2025",10.1007/s40121-025-01256-6,"""To date, only one study reported an elevated [SEP] MIC of CZD over M. tuberculosis clinical [SEP] isolates...""",constraints: theme,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q8,In what years were studies with reported MICs of oxazolidinones against M. tuberculosis published?,"2023, 2025",10.1128/aac.01562-23,"""... polystyrene tubes and drug concentrations in doubling dilutions was used to determine the MICs against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain used to infect mice""",constraints: theme,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q9,Against which Gram positive bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published in 2021-2022?,"S. aureus (ATCC25923), S. pneumoniae (ATCC49619), B. subtilis (BNCC109047), S. epidermidis (BNCC186652), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212).
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Staphylococcus xylosus (ATCC35924), E. faecium",10.3390/molecules27031103,"""All twelve synthesized compounds were tested against four Gram-positive strains, [SEP] including S. aureus (ATCC25923), S. pneumoniae (ATCC49619), B. subtilis (BNCC109047) and [SEP] S. epidermidis (BNCC186652)""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q9,Against which Gram positive bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published in 2021-2022?,"S. aureus (ATCC25923), S. pneumoniae (ATCC49619), B. subtilis (BNCC109047), S. epidermidis (BNCC186652), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212).
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Staphylococcus xylosus (ATCC35924), E. faecium",10.3389/fchem.2022.949813,"""aSa, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923). [SEP] bSp, Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC49619). [SEP] cEf, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212). [SEP] dBs, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633). [SEP] eSx, Staphylococcus xylosus (ATCC35924). MICs, were determined in three [SEP] independent experiments.""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q9,Against which Gram positive bacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published in 2021-2022?,"S. aureus (ATCC25923), S. pneumoniae (ATCC49619), B. subtilis (BNCC109047), S. epidermidis (BNCC186652), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212).
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Staphylococcus xylosus (ATCC35924), E. faecium",10.1101/2021.06.18.448924,"""The E. faecium 9-F-6 is resistant to linezolid [SEP] (MIC = 8 mg/L) ..""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q10,Against which mycobacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis",10.1101/2023.01.10.523519,"""M. tuberculosis H37Rv was used to infect mice in these studies. The MICs of [SEP] bedaquiline, S587, S876 and pretomanid against this strain were previously described""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q10,Against which mycobacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis",10.3389/fcimb.2023.1225341,"""Antibacterial activity of the novel oxazolidinone contezolid (MRX-I) against Mycobacterium abscessus""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q10,Against which mycobacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis",10.1101/2025.10.24.684387,"""Minimum inhibitory concentration determination ... M. abscessus and M. smegmatis were grown""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q10,Against which mycobacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis",10.1007/s40121-025-01256-6,"""To date, only one study reported an elevated [SEP] MIC of CZD over M. tuberculosis clinical [SEP] isolates...""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q10,Against which mycobacteria are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature published after 2022?,"M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium smegmatis",10.1128/aac.01562-23,"""... polystyrene tubes and drug concentrations in doubling dilutions was used to determine the MICs against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain used to infect mice""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q11,What severe adverse effects of oxazolidinones are described in literature after 2024?,"Serious adverse effects of oxazolidinones include hematological toxicities such as thrombocytopenia, anemia, and myelosuppression, as well as neurological and metabolic issues like optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, bone marrow suppression and serotonin syndrome. Furthermore, some agents are associated with irreversible adverse drug reactions, specifically vision impairment and vision loss.",10.2147/DDDT.S551561,"""Common serious adverse reactions, such as hematological toxicity including thrombocytopenia and anemia, also occurred in the 1%–10% frequency range."" [SEP] ""Data from VigiAccess and FAERS showed that serious adverse events with reporting frequencies over 1% included peripheral neuropathy (4.76%), lactic acidosis (4.03%), serotonin syndrome (3.70%), and myelosuppression (2.42%)."" [SEP] ""Both linezolid and tedizolid... are associated with irreversible ADRs such as vision impairment and vision loss."" [SEP] ""Common adverse events for tedizolid (frequency 1%–10%) included nausea (8%), headache (6%), diarrhea (4%), vomiting (3%), and dizziness (2%)."" [SEP] ""The frequencies of hematological toxicity such as thrombocytopenia (2.3%) and anemia (3.1%), as well as neuropathy (1.2%) for tedizolid were comparable to those of the comparator drug linezolid. [SEP] ""Only one drug-related serious adverse event was reported... with a frequency of 0.28% (range 0.1%–1%), and no drug-related thrombocytopenia (0%) was observed""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q11,What severe adverse effects of oxazolidinones are described in literature after 2024?,"Serious adverse effects of oxazolidinones include hematological toxicities such as thrombocytopenia, anemia, and myelosuppression, as well as neurological and metabolic issues like optic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, bone marrow suppression and serotonin syndrome. Furthermore, some agents are associated with irreversible adverse drug reactions, specifically vision impairment and vision loss.",10.21203/rs.3.rs-7809956/v1,"""However, the use of LNZ is often associated with significant side effects, including serotonin syndrome, hyperlactatemia, and myelosuppression."" [SEP] ""In particular, myelosuppression (most frequently thrombocytopenia) limits its use in hematologic patients, making it a less favorable choice in this population."" [SEP] ""...where the risk of drug induced cytopenias is a major concern and treatment options are often limited by hematological toxicity.""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q12,Against which staphylococci are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature before 2020?,"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus,  isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4),
S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi
(6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2)",10.3762/bjoc.12.45,"""Minimal Inhibition Concentration values expressed in mg/L for [SEP] selected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains [SEP] (MRSA).""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q12,Against which staphylococci are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature before 2020?,"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus,  isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4),
S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi
(6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2)",10.1007/s40121-015-0060-3,"""MIC50 50% minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC90 [SEP] 90% minimum inhibitory concentration, MRSA [SEP] methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MSSA [SEP] methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, VRE [SEP] vancomycin-resistant enterococci, VSE vancomycinsusceptible [SEP] enterococci [SEP] a MIC90 1 and 2 mg/L for S. epidermidis and other [SEP] coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., respectively""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q12,Against which staphylococci are oxazolidinones MICs reported in the literature before 2020?,"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus,  isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4),
S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi
(6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2)",10.1186/s12941-014-0046-0,"""S. aureus (n = 7187), staphylococci [SEP] other than S. aureus (n = 674), Enterococcus spp (n = 1241), [SEP] and Streptococcus spp (n = 1600)."" [SEP] ""aAn MIC value of 0.25 was the lowest MIC value tested for linezolid. Linezolid results should be read as ≤0.25 μg/ml.bIncludes isolates of S. capitis (28), S. caprae (4), [SEP] S. cohnii (2), S. epidermidis (405), S. haemolyticus (52), S. hominis (56), S. intermedius (7), S. lugdunensis (47), S. pasteuri (1), S. pettenkoferi (1), S. saprophyticus (28), S. schleiferi [SEP] (6), S. simulans (14), S. warneri (12), S. xylosus (2), and unspeciated coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (9). [SEP] cIncludes isolates of S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus.""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q13,What liquid chromatography methods are available for the analysis of oxazolidinones and what are their purposes?,"Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV Detection - This method is used primarily for the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations, specifically for detecting oxazolidinone as a process-related impurity in other drugs (like Ritonavir and Lopinavir). Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) - This method is utilized for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), where high sensitivity is required to measure multiple oxazolidinone antimicrobials simultaneously in complex biological matrices.",10.2147/DDDT.S547979,"""This study aimed to establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to simultaneously quantify [SEP] multiple oxazolidinone antimicrobials, including linezolid, tedizolid, and contezolid, for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) applications""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q13,What liquid chromatography methods are available for the analysis of oxazolidinones and what are their purposes?,"Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV Detection - This method is used primarily for the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations, specifically for detecting oxazolidinone as a process-related impurity in other drugs (like Ritonavir and Lopinavir). Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) - This method is utilized for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), where high sensitivity is required to measure multiple oxazolidinone antimicrobials simultaneously in complex biological matrices.",10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V9I1P102,"""A highly sensitive method for the determination of oxazolidinone impurity in Ritonavir tablet formulations using RP-HPLC has been presented in the present paper""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q14,What limitations of BPaL regimen are described in literature?,"Dose- and duration-dependent toxicity, hematologic and neurologic toxicity, emerging drug resistance",10.1128/aac.01562-23,"""However, its utility for this indication, and especially its potential utility for drug-susceptible TB, is limited by the dose- and duration-dependent toxicity of linezolid""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q14,What limitations of BPaL regimen are described in literature?,"Dose- and duration-dependent toxicity, hematologic and neurologic toxicity, emerging drug resistance",10.1101/2023.01.10.523519,"""Despite its demonstrated efficacy as a short-course oral regimen, the clinical use of BPaL carries significant safety concerns related to the hematologic and neurologic toxicity of linezolid (1, 2).""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q15,Discribe resistance mechanisms of oxazolidinones are discussed in literature published after 2020,"Linezolid resistance arises mainly from ribosomal target alterations, including 23S rRNA methylation by Cfr, mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA (e.g., G2576U, G2447U), and changes in ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 that reduce drug binding.
It also involves ribosome protection mechanisms, where ABC-F proteins such as PoxtA and OptrA bind the ribosome and perturb P-site tRNA and nascent chain conformation to disrupt the antibiotic binding site.
Additionally, resistance can spread via mobile genetic elements encoding methyltransferases and be enhanced by efflux pumps (e.g., LmrS and ABC transporters), with efflux having a stronger impact in Gram-negative bacteria due to the outer membrane barrier.",10.1101/2025.10.24.684387,"""These ABC-F family proteins are located in the cytosol, where they bind directly to ribosomes and modulate their function, instead of transporting molecules across membranes""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q15,Discribe resistance mechanisms of oxazolidinones are discussed in literature published after 2020,"Linezolid resistance arises mainly from ribosomal target alterations, including 23S rRNA methylation by Cfr, mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA (e.g., G2576U, G2447U), and changes in ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 that reduce drug binding.
It also involves ribosome protection mechanisms, where ABC-F proteins such as PoxtA and OptrA bind the ribosome and perturb P-site tRNA and nascent chain conformation to disrupt the antibiotic binding site.
Additionally, resistance can spread via mobile genetic elements encoding methyltransferases and be enhanced by efflux pumps (e.g., LmrS and ABC transporters), with efflux having a stronger impact in Gram-negative bacteria due to the outer membrane barrier.",10.1101/2021.06.18.448924,"""...we postulate that PoxtA/OptrA confer resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols indirectly by perturbing the P-site tRNA and thereby altering the conformation of the attached nascent chain to disrupt the drug binding site"".",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q15,Discribe resistance mechanisms of oxazolidinones are discussed in literature published after 2020,"Linezolid resistance arises mainly from ribosomal target alterations, including 23S rRNA methylation by Cfr, mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA (e.g., G2576U, G2447U), and changes in ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 that reduce drug binding.
It also involves ribosome protection mechanisms, where ABC-F proteins such as PoxtA and OptrA bind the ribosome and perturb P-site tRNA and nascent chain conformation to disrupt the antibiotic binding site.
Additionally, resistance can spread via mobile genetic elements encoding methyltransferases and be enhanced by efflux pumps (e.g., LmrS and ABC transporters), with efflux having a stronger impact in Gram-negative bacteria due to the outer membrane barrier.",10.1101/2021.08.10.455846,"""A prevalent resistance mechanism to LZD... involves methylation of rRNA by the Cfr enzyme, which adds a methyl group at the C8 atom of A2503 ($m^8A2503$) in 23S rRNA.""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q15,Discribe resistance mechanisms of oxazolidinones are discussed in literature published after 2020,"Linezolid resistance arises mainly from ribosomal target alterations, including 23S rRNA methylation by Cfr, mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA (e.g., G2576U, G2447U), and changes in ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 that reduce drug binding.
It also involves ribosome protection mechanisms, where ABC-F proteins such as PoxtA and OptrA bind the ribosome and perturb P-site tRNA and nascent chain conformation to disrupt the antibiotic binding site.
Additionally, resistance can spread via mobile genetic elements encoding methyltransferases and be enhanced by efflux pumps (e.g., LmrS and ABC transporters), with efflux having a stronger impact in Gram-negative bacteria due to the outer membrane barrier.",10.1101/2022.06.27.497815,"""The major mechanisms of resistance include various mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins L3 (rplC) and L4 (rplD)..."" [SEP] ""In addition, RNA methyltransferases encoded on various mobile elements were found to contribute to linezolid resistance."" [SEP] ""...mutations at distal nucleotides that do not interact with linezolid directly, in particular, G2576U and G2447U, confer significant resistance."" [SEP] ""The only clear non-ribosomal mechanism of resistance in Gram-positive bacteria is related to mutations leading to overproduction of efflux pumps, specifically the LmrS pump in S. aureus and ABC transporter genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae."" [SEP] ""The contribution of efflux is more significant in Gram-negative bacteria due to its synergistic interactions with the low permeability barrier of the outer membrane.""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q16,What resistance mechanisms of oxazolidinones are described in literature published before 2020?,"Linezolid resistance involves target-site modification, particularly mutations in 23S rRNA, as well as acquisition of the cfr gene, which mediates cross-resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones.
It also includes protein-mediated ribosome protection via OptrA or PoxtA, with the optrA gene often showing variability that influences resistance levels.
Importantly, these mechanisms are frequently plasmid-mediated and transferable, and can co-occur with other resistance genes like cfr, facilitating their spread and combined impact.",10.1186/s12866-019-1537-0,"""The resistance to linezolid by gram-positive bacteria can be achieved by target-modified 23S rRNA mutations [5], acquiring exogenous chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance (cfr) [6], optrA [7] or poxtA [8].""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q16,What resistance mechanisms of oxazolidinones are described in literature published before 2020?,"Linezolid resistance involves target-site modification, particularly mutations in 23S rRNA, as well as acquisition of the cfr gene, which mediates cross-resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones.
It also includes protein-mediated ribosome protection via OptrA or PoxtA, with the optrA gene often showing variability that influences resistance levels.
Importantly, these mechanisms are frequently plasmid-mediated and transferable, and can co-occur with other resistance genes like cfr, facilitating their spread and combined impact.",10.3389/fmicb.2017.01631,"“A novel gene, optrA, that confers transferable resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols…” [SEP] “the frequent location of the optrA gene on conjugative plasmids makes the OptrA-mediated linezolid resistance transferable, an obvious cause for concern…” [SEP] “A distinctive feature of the novel oxazolidinone-phenicol resistance gene optrA is a variability yielding an encoded OptrA protein… which is variable in turn.” [SEP] “co-location of the oxazolidinone resistance genes optrA and cfr on a multiresistance plasmid…”",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q17,What authors discuss ribosomal mutation mechanisms of oxazolidinone resistance?,Ziwei Hu et al. and Hongbin Chen et al.,10.1101/2022.06.27.497815,"""The major mechanisms of resistance include various mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins L3 (rplC) and L4 (rplD)..."" [SEP] ""In addition, RNA methyltransferases encoded on various mobile elements were found to contribute to linezolid resistance."" [SEP] ""...mutations at distal nucleotides that do not interact with linezolid directly, in particular, G2576U and G2447U, confer significant resistance."" [SEP] ""The only clear non-ribosomal mechanism of resistance in Gram-positive bacteria is related to mutations leading to overproduction of efflux pumps, specifically the LmrS pump in S. aureus and ABC transporter genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae."" [SEP] ""The contribution of efflux is more significant in Gram-negative bacteria due to its synergistic interactions with the low permeability barrier of the outer membrane.""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q17,What authors discuss ribosomal mutation mechanisms of oxazolidinone resistance?,Ziwei Hu et al. and Hongbin Chen et al.,10.1186/s12866-019-1537-0,"""The resistance to linezolid by gram-positive bacteria can be achieved by target-modified 23S rRNA mutations [5], acquiring exogenous chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance (cfr) [6], optrA [7] or poxtA [8].""",none,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q18,When were the papers discussing ribosomal protection mechanisms of oxazolidinones published?,2017-2025,10.1101/2025.10.24.684387,"""These ABC-F family proteins are located in the cytosol, where they bind directly to ribosomes and modulate their function, instead of transporting molecules across membranes""",constraints: theme,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q18,When were the papers discussing ribosomal protection mechanisms of oxazolidinones published?,2017-2025,10.1101/2021.06.18.448924,"""...we postulate that PoxtA/OptrA confer resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols indirectly by perturbing the P-site tRNA and thereby altering the conformation of the attached nascent chain to disrupt the drug binding site"".",constraints: theme,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q18,When were the papers discussing ribosomal protection mechanisms of oxazolidinones published?,2017-2025,10.3389/fmicb.2017.01631,"“A novel gene, optrA, that confers transferable resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols…” [SEP] “the frequent location of the optrA gene on conjugative plasmids makes the OptrA-mediated linezolid resistance transferable, an obvious cause for concern…” [SEP] “A distinctive feature of the novel oxazolidinone-phenicol resistance gene optrA is a variability yielding an encoded OptrA protein… which is variable in turn.” [SEP] “co-location of the oxazolidinone resistance genes optrA and cfr on a multiresistance plasmid…”",constraints: theme,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q18,When were the papers discussing ribosomal protection mechanisms of oxazolidinones published?,2017-2025,10.1186/s12866-019-1537-0,"""The resistance to linezolid by gram-positive bacteria can be achieved by target-modified 23S rRNA mutations [5], acquiring exogenous chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance (cfr) [6], optrA [7] or poxtA [8].""",constraints: theme,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q19,What types of oxazolidinone derivatives have been synthesized and reported in the literature published before 2023?,"3-(Pyridine-3-yl)-2-oxazolidinone derivatives, 3-(3-Pyridyl)-oxazolidinone-5-methyl Ester Derivatives, glycosylated oxazolidinones",10.3389/fchem.2022.949813,"""Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of [SEP] 3-(Pyridine-3-yl)-2-Oxazolidinone [SEP] Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q19,What types of oxazolidinone derivatives have been synthesized and reported in the literature published before 2023?,"3-(Pyridine-3-yl)-2-oxazolidinone derivatives, 3-(3-Pyridyl)-oxazolidinone-5-methyl Ester Derivatives, glycosylated oxazolidinones",10.3390/molecules27031103,"""Synthesis, Antibacterial and Anthelmintic Activity of Novel [SEP] 3-(3-Pyridyl)-oxazolidinone-5-methyl Ester Derivatives""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q19,What types of oxazolidinone derivatives have been synthesized and reported in the literature published before 2023?,"3-(Pyridine-3-yl)-2-oxazolidinone derivatives, 3-(3-Pyridyl)-oxazolidinone-5-methyl Ester Derivatives, glycosylated oxazolidinones",10.3762/bjoc.8.52,"""""Electrochemical generation of 2,3-oxazolidinone glycosyl triflates as an intermediate for stereoselective glycosylation",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q20,What types of oxazolidinone derivatives have been synthesized and reported in the literature published in 2023 and after?,"Oxazolidinone derivatives from levofloxacin, Linezolid-based oxazolidinones, bicyclic oxazolidinones",10.30526/37.1.3240,"""Modification, Characterization of New Thiazolidinone and Oxazolidinone [SEP] Derived from Levofloxacin and Evaluation of Anti-oxidant""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q20,What types of oxazolidinone derivatives have been synthesized and reported in the literature published in 2023 and after?,"Oxazolidinone derivatives from levofloxacin, Linezolid-based oxazolidinones, bicyclic oxazolidinones",10.1038/s41467-025-56681-5,"""Catalytic transformation of carbon dioxide into seven-membered heterocycles and their domino transformation into bicyclic oxazolidinones""",constraints: temporal,
Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Oxazolidinone_Antibiotics_s5_q20,What types of oxazolidinone derivatives have been synthesized and reported in the literature published in 2023 and after?,"Oxazolidinone derivatives from levofloxacin, Linezolid-based oxazolidinones, bicyclic oxazolidinones",10.3390/ph16040516,"""Antibacterial Properties and Computational Insights of Potent [SEP] Novel Linezolid-Based Oxazolidinones""",constraints: temporal,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q1,How do cyclodextrins contribute to the effectiveness of photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)?,"By increasing the solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizers and preventing their aggregation, which preserves their singlet oxygen production capacity",10.3390/molecules23081936,"For porphyrinoid PSs, various studies showed that CD–PS inclusion complexes could (1) increase some of the photophysical properties of PSs (... 1O2 production ... in aqueous solutions), (2) reduce some drawbacks of PSs (such as poor water solubility, self-aggregation...)",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_1,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q1,How do cyclodextrins contribute to the effectiveness of photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)?,"By increasing the solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizers and preventing their aggregation, which preserves their singlet oxygen production capacity",10.3390/pharmaceutics14071375,"Utilizing the hydrophilic surface of CDs, porphyrin solubility can be promoted without hampering its ROS-generating ability... In addition, the alternating structure can reduce the aggregation-induced quenching of porphyrin by the steric hindrance of β-CD..",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q2,"Which chemical groups or specific compounds are frequently cited as ""drug stability modifiers"" in the context of cyclodextrin research?","Cyclodextrin derivatives (HP-β-CD, RAMEB) as well as selected co-solvents and polymers (PVP, PEG).",10.3390/ph16081074,Scalia et al. [32] demonstrated that complexation with HPβCD is more effective than with randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RMβCD) in increasing sunscreen stability at acidic pH conditions that are ideal for topical administration.,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_2,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q2,"Which chemical groups or specific compounds are frequently cited as ""drug stability modifiers"" in the context of cyclodextrin research?","Cyclodextrin derivatives (HP-β-CD, RAMEB) as well as selected co-solvents and polymers (PVP, PEG).",10.1080/10717544.2017.1386733,Photolability of naproxen in aqueous solution... was significantly reduced by addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to the complex of the drug with hydroxypropyl-b-CD [SEP] Doxorubicin encapsulated in polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-coated liposomes was more stable in comparison to the photodegradation of the free drug and not influenced by concentration,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q3,What are the primary physical mechanisms through which cyclodextrins protect guest molecules from photodegradation?,"Encapsulation within the hydrophobic cavity, which shields the guest from oxygen/radicals, and restriction of molecular rotation/vibration.",10.1155/2016/8135608,"Internally these molecules are relatively hydrophobic, while externally relatively hydrophilic. This structure imparts to them the capability of forming inclusion complexes with the drug molecules and thus provides photoprotection for the latter.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_3,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q3,What are the primary physical mechanisms through which cyclodextrins protect guest molecules from photodegradation?,"Encapsulation within the hydrophobic cavity, which shields the guest from oxygen/radicals, and restriction of molecular rotation/vibration.",10.3390/ph16081074,"..it was observed that βCD acts as a posaconazole protecting agent, since it protects the portion of the molecule that is susceptible to oxidative attack, maintaining its complexation over time",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q4,Which methodologies are used to determine the stoichiometry and stability constants of inclusion complexes in the liquid phase?,"Job's Plot method (using UV-Vis or Fluorescence), Phase solubility studies (Higuchi-Connors), and NMR titration (Benesi-Hildebrand).",10.1039/d2sc00836j,"Absorbance, emission properties and stabilities of OC2 and OC3 in DMSO were also verified",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_4,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q4,Which methodologies are used to determine the stoichiometry and stability constants of inclusion complexes in the liquid phase?,"Job's Plot method (using UV-Vis or Fluorescence), Phase solubility studies (Higuchi-Connors), and NMR titration (Benesi-Hildebrand).",10.3390/molecules26247436,o determine the inclusion complex stoichiometry and equilibrium constants... the steady-state absorption and fluorescence data were analysed by the Benesi-Hildebrand equation... The inclusion complex stoichiometry can be also determined from... Job’s continuous variation method,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q5,Which ultraviolet (UV) filters used in sunscreens have been encapsulated in  β--cyclodextrin to improve their photostability and safety?,"Oxybenzone, Octocrylene, Ethylhexyl-methoxycinnamate, and Avobenzone.",10.1155/2013/841409,"sion complexes of selected sunscreen agents, namely, oxybenzone (Oxy), octocrylene (Oct), and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (Cin) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were studied... It has been demonstrated that the photostability of these selected sunscreen agents has been enhanced upon forming inclusion complexes with β-CD",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_5,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q5,Which ultraviolet (UV) filters used in sunscreens have been encapsulated in  β--cyclodextrin to improve their photostability and safety?,"Oxybenzone, Octocrylene, Ethylhexyl-methoxycinnamate, and Avobenzone.",10.3390/molecules26061698,"β-CD was found to photostabilise different UV filters (oxybenzone, octocrylene, and ethylhexyl-methoxycinnamate)... [and] the amount of avobenzone penetrating the stratum corneum was significantly reduced after encapsulation in HP-β-CD.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q6,Which pharmaceutical or bioactive guest molecules exhibit improved skin penetration or hydration properties when formulated as inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins?,"7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone and Parietin.",10.3390/pharmaceutics11080399,"Consequently, we suggest that 5-7HP is a safe and photostable topical ingredient to enhance the skin penetration of 734THIF and skin hydration, and therefore 5-7HP may be used as an antipollutant additive in skin care products",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_6,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q6,Which pharmaceutical or bioactive guest molecules exhibit improved skin penetration or hydration properties when formulated as inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins?,"7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone and Parietin.",10.3390/pharmaceutics14020357,"Overall, the low solubility, aggregation potential, and photoinstability of PTN [Parietin] were overcome by its complexation in HP-β-CD, potentially opening up new opportunities for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q7,Which analytical techniques are consistently utilized to confirm the formation of a guest-host inclusion complex in the solid state?,"Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)",10.1371/journal.pone.0169578,"The interactions between patchouli alcohol and β-CD were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformation-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_7,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q7,Which analytical techniques are consistently utilized to confirm the formation of a guest-host inclusion complex in the solid state?,"Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)",10.1039/d2ra05072b,"FTIR, NMR, and XRD, among other spectrometric techniques, revealed the mechanism of molecular interactions between β-CD and 6-MP... TGA and DSC studies revealed that 6-MP's thermal stability increased after encapsulation... SEM image analysis has also validated the formation of IC",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q8,"Across the literature published between 2022 and 2024 regarding Levofloxacin multicomponent crystals, which specific organic acid co-formers have been utilized to synthesize new crystalline salts or co-crystals?","Citric acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,6-DHBA), and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA)",10.3390/molecules27072166,"This research dealt with the composition, structure determination, stability, and antibiotic potency of a novel organic salt composed of levofloxacin (LF) and citric acid (CA), named levofloxacin-citrate (LC)","constraints: source, theme",
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_8,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q8,"Across the literature published between 2022 and 2024 regarding Levofloxacin multicomponent crystals, which specific organic acid co-formers have been utilized to synthesize new crystalline salts or co-crystals?","Citric acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,6-DHBA), and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA)",10.3390/pharmaceutics15010124,"From this experiment, two salts of LF with 2,6-DHBA and 3,5-DHBA combinations, named LF-26 (levofloxacin-2,6-dihydroxybenzoate) and LF-35 (levofloxacin-3,5-dihydroxybenzoate), were successfully prepared and their stability and potency were evaluated","constraints: source, theme",
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q9,Which specific cyclodextrin derivatives are utilized in the studies to enhance the aqueous solubility and photostability of Resveratrol across different formulations?,Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) and cationic mono-choline-β-cyclodextrin derivative (β-CD-Chol),10.1155/2018/6789076,"One of the modified derivatives is carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD), which has the carboxylmethyl groups on the sides of β-CD. ... Here, we reported a two-step synthetic route to prepare the conjugate of cyclodextrin with resveratrol (CDRes), which has better photostability than resveratrol and its CM-β-CD inclusion complex",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_9,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q9,Which specific cyclodextrin derivatives are utilized in the studies to enhance the aqueous solubility and photostability of Resveratrol across different formulations?,Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) and cationic mono-choline-β-cyclodextrin derivative (β-CD-Chol),10.3390/ijms26146911,"In this work, we investigated the ability of a cationic mono-choline-β-cyclodextrin derivative to complex trans-resveratrol. ... Complexation improved resveratrol’s solubility and dissolution rate, reduced its photoinduced trans-to-cis isomerization, and preserved its radical scavenging activity.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q10,Which guest molecules were specifically evaluated for their photostability within β-cyclodextrin or derivative inclusion complexes?,"6-Mercaptopurine, Parietin, Methotrexate, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF), Resveratrol, Indomethacin, and Sunscreen agents (Oxybenzone, Octocrylene, Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, Rutin, and Ferulic acid)",10.1039/d2ra05072b,"Because of the protection of drug 6-MP by β-CD, the formed IC was found to have higher photostability.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q10,Which guest molecules were specifically evaluated for their photostability within β-cyclodextrin or derivative inclusion complexes?,"6-Mercaptopurine, Parietin, Methotrexate, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF), Resveratrol, Indomethacin, and Sunscreen agents (Oxybenzone, Octocrylene, Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, Rutin, and Ferulic acid)",10.3390/pharmaceutics14020357,The blue light-mediated photodegradation of PTN in its free and complexed forms were compared. Complexation of PTN increased... the photostability compared to free PTN.,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q10,Which guest molecules were specifically evaluated for their photostability within β-cyclodextrin or derivative inclusion complexes?,"6-Mercaptopurine, Parietin, Methotrexate, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF), Resveratrol, Indomethacin, and Sunscreen agents (Oxybenzone, Octocrylene, Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, Rutin, and Ferulic acid)",10.3390/pharmaceutics11080399,We also determined its photostability... 5-7HP is a safe and photostable topical ingredient to enhance the skin penetration of 734THIF,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q10,Which guest molecules were specifically evaluated for their photostability within β-cyclodextrin or derivative inclusion complexes?,"6-Mercaptopurine, Parietin, Methotrexate, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF), Resveratrol, Indomethacin, and Sunscreen agents (Oxybenzone, Octocrylene, Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, Rutin, and Ferulic acid)",10.1155/2018/6789076,The photostability of the conjugate was studied by ultraviolet absorption spectrum... The results indicate that the conjugate was more stable than resveratrol and its CM-β-CD inclusion complex.,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q10,Which guest molecules were specifically evaluated for their photostability within β-cyclodextrin or derivative inclusion complexes?,"6-Mercaptopurine, Parietin, Methotrexate, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF), Resveratrol, Indomethacin, and Sunscreen agents (Oxybenzone, Octocrylene, Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, Rutin, and Ferulic acid)",10.3390/molecules26247436,"Vibrational spectroscopy, especially ATR-FTIR, approve the photostability of IND because the spectra of inclusion complexes are less changing during the time of irradiation.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q10,Which guest molecules were specifically evaluated for their photostability within β-cyclodextrin or derivative inclusion complexes?,"6-Mercaptopurine, Parietin, Methotrexate, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF), Resveratrol, Indomethacin, and Sunscreen agents (Oxybenzone, Octocrylene, Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, Rutin, and Ferulic acid)",10.1155/2013/841409,"It has been demonstrated that the photostability of these selected sunscreen agents [Oxy, Oct, and Cin] has been enhanced upon forming inclusion complexes with β-CD in lotion.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_10,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q10,Which guest molecules were specifically evaluated for their photostability within β-cyclodextrin or derivative inclusion complexes?,"6-Mercaptopurine, Parietin, Methotrexate, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF), Resveratrol, Indomethacin, and Sunscreen agents (Oxybenzone, Octocrylene, Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, Rutin, and Ferulic acid)",10.3390/pharmaceutics14102073,"All the IC formulations, on the other hand, showed relatively minor photodegradation... shielding the drug from direct exposure to a light source, and thereby preventing photolytic degradation",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q11,Identify the co-formers that were used to prepare pharmaceutical co-crystals or salts to improve the solubility of Berberine Chloride and Carvedilol.,Fumaric acid and Hydrochlorothiazide.,10.1021/acsomega.0c00692,"In this study, a cocrystal of BBC [Berberine Chloride] with fumaric acid (FA) was developed. FA is a typical CCF [cocrystal former] which is commonly used... and has a much better solubility than BBC",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_11,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q11,Identify the co-formers that were used to prepare pharmaceutical co-crystals or salts to improve the solubility of Berberine Chloride and Carvedilol.,Fumaric acid and Hydrochlorothiazide.,10.1186/s43094-020-00083-5,"Present work is an attempt to improve the solubility of CAR [Carvedilol] by preparing cocrystals using hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), a diuretic drug, as coformer",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q12,Which pharmaceutical co-crystals were synthesized using the Liquid Assisted Grinding (LAG) method with Methanol?,Carvedilol-Hydrochlorothiazide and Lutein-Adipic Acid (LT-APC),10.1186/s43094-020-00083-5,"CAR-HCT (2: 0.5) cocrystals were prepared by slurry conversion method and were characterized by DSC, PXRD, FTIR, Raman, and SEM analysis. [SEP] Cocrystals of CAR... and HCT... were prepared by the SC [Slurry Conversion] method... and 5–8mL of ethanol was added",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_12,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q12,Which pharmaceutical co-crystals were synthesized using the Liquid Assisted Grinding (LAG) method with Methanol?,Carvedilol-Hydrochlorothiazide and Lutein-Adipic Acid (LT-APC),10.1021/acsomega.4c03864,A cocrystal of LT with adipic acid (LT-APC) was obtained for the first time. [SEP] The cocrystal was prepared by slurrying more than 10 times... 10 g of PLT (16.7 mmol) and 2.57 g of APC (17.6 mmol) were mixed with 100 mL of acetone,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q13,Which specific hydrogen-bonding synthons are identified in the crystal structures of levofloxacin citrate and furosemide–nicotinamide?,The acid–pyridine heterosynthon (for furosemide–nicotinamide) and the amine–carboxylate ionic interaction (for levofloxacin citrate),10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33280,"This new solid salt structure bound the amine of methyl piperazine with the 1st and 2nd carboxylates of CA, covering the oxidative reactive site of LF to improve the stability",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q13,Which specific hydrogen-bonding synthons are identified in the crystal structures of levofloxacin citrate and furosemide–nicotinamide?,The acid–pyridine heterosynthon (for furosemide–nicotinamide) and the amine–carboxylate ionic interaction (for levofloxacin citrate),10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33280,"This new solid salt structure bound the amine of methyl piperazine with the 1st and 2nd carboxylates of CA, covering the oxidative reactive site of LF to improve the stability",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_13,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q13,Which specific hydrogen-bonding synthons are identified in the crystal structures of levofloxacin citrate and furosemide–nicotinamide?,The acid–pyridine heterosynthon (for furosemide–nicotinamide) and the amine–carboxylate ionic interaction (for levofloxacin citrate),10.1248/cpb.c18-00812,"On the other hand, the hydrogen bonding interaction occurs between COOH and sulfonamide S=O of FUR and pyridinium N and NH2 of NIC, respectively",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q14,List the pharmaceutical agents that were tested for photostability in the solid state after being formulated as co-crystals with nicotinamide.,Furosemide and Naproxen,10.1248/cpb.c18-00812,"The photostability of three types of furosemide (FUR) cocrystal (FUR-caffeine, FUR-urea, and FUR nicotinamide cocrystals) was studied under irradiation with a D65 fluorescent lamp.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q14,List the pharmaceutical agents that were tested for photostability in the solid state after being formulated as co-crystals with nicotinamide.,Furosemide and Naproxen,10.3390/cryst9110553,"The aim of this study was to evaluate the photostabilities of three cocrystals of CBZ (CBZ–succinic acid (SUC), CBZ–saccharin (SAC) form I, and CBZ–SAC form II) illuminated with a D65 fluorescent lamp...",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_14,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q14,List the pharmaceutical agents that were tested for photostability in the solid state after being formulated as co-crystals with nicotinamide.,Furosemide and Naproxen,10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100172,"In this study, we evaluated the photostability of a cocrystal of naproxen (NPX) and nicotinamide (NA) for the development of the photostabilization strategy.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q15,which specific analytical techniques are consistently used to verify the formation of a new crystalline phase in co-crystals or salts?,"PXRD, DSC, and FTIR.",10.1021/acsomega.0c00692,"PXRD is a powerful and fundamental tool to identify solid states of compounds or complexes... the PXRD patterns for API and CCF showed significant differences from that of the cocrystal, thereby indicating the formation of new phases. [SEP] The thermal behavior of the cocrystal was assessed by DSC... falling in between the melting endothermic peak of BCD and FA, thereby indicating that the introduction of FA improved the stability of BBC.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_15,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q15,which specific analytical techniques are consistently used to verify the formation of a new crystalline phase in co-crystals or salts?,"PXRD, DSC, and FTIR.",10.1248/cpb.c18-00812,"Each cocrystal exhibited characteristic patterns, and the PXRD patterns were different from those of intact FUR and coformers.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q16,Identify the specific co-formers used to prepare drug-drug co-crystals where both components are pharmacologically active,"Hydrochlorothiazide, Caffeine, and Nicotinamide",10.1186/s43094-020-00083-5,"Present work is an attempt to improve the solubility of CAR [Carvedilol] by preparing cocrystals using hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), a diuretic drug, as coformer. [SEP] It may be inferred that the drug–drug (CAR-HCT) cocrystallization enhances the solubility and dissolution rate of carvedilol significantly.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_16,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q16,Identify the specific co-formers used to prepare drug-drug co-crystals where both components are pharmacologically active,"Hydrochlorothiazide, Caffeine, and Nicotinamide",10.1021/acsomega.4c03864,"A cocrystal of LT [Lutein] with adipic acid (LT-APC) was obtained for the first time. [SEP] APC [Adipic acid] is a linear dicarboxylic acid... It is a nontoxic and biocompatible compound which has several applications in the food industry, e.g., as a flavorant, acidulating agent, and gelling aid",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q17,List the co-formers used for cocrystallization with ligustrazine or ascorbic acid that were reported to enhance the stability of these molecules.,"Isonicotinic acid, nicotinic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 3-aminobenzoic acid (MABA), and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (DNBA)",10.3390/molecules29102208,"Three benzoic acid compounds including P-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 3-Aminobenzoic acid (MABA), and 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid (DNBA) were chosen for co-crystallization with TMP... Three cocrystals significantly improved the hygroscopicity stability, and the mass change in TMP decreased from 25% to 1.64% (TMP-PABA), 0.12% (TMP-MABA), and 0.03% (TMP-DNBA) at 90% relative humidity",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_17,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q17,List the co-formers used for cocrystallization with ligustrazine or ascorbic acid that were reported to enhance the stability of these molecules.,"Isonicotinic acid, nicotinic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 3-aminobenzoic acid (MABA), and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (DNBA)",10.3390/molecules27227998,"A series of co-crystals of ascorbic acid were prepared with equimolar amounts of co-crystal formers (CCFs), including isonicotinic acid, nicotinic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and m-hydroxybenzoic acid... The co-crystals showed improved stability when exposed to different wavelengths of light, pH and temperatures compared to the free analogue..",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q18,What are the primary experimental methods reported across different studies for the preparation of solid-state drug-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes?,"Freeze-drying (lyophilization), Co-evaporation (fast and slow evaporation)",10.3390/molecules26247436,"The combined solutions were left on the magnetic stirrer with continued stirring for 72 h at room temperature. In turn, the obtained mixtures were filtered through a filter paper, and the filtrate was frozen in a freezer at −80 °C for 24 h. The systems were lyophilized.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_18,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q18,What are the primary experimental methods reported across different studies for the preparation of solid-state drug-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes?,"Freeze-drying (lyophilization), Co-evaporation (fast and slow evaporation)",10.3390/molecules27072166,"""The multicomponent system was made using fast evaporation (FE) and slow evaporation (SE) [SEP] After a stoichiometric proportion screening, the antibiotic-antioxidant reaction was conducted by slow and fast evaporation methods.""",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q19,Which cyclodextrin derivatives or modified nanostructures have been investigated to enhance the photostability and bioactivity of Resveratrol?,"Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin, Cationic mono-choline-β-cyclodextrin, and β-cyclodextrin nanosponges.",10.1155/2018/6789076,"The resveratrol functionalized carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin conjugate was synthesized... The results indicate that the conjugate was more stable than resveratrol and its CM-β-CD inclusion complex. [SEP] Since cyclodextrin reacts with resveratrol to form a stable ester bond, the photostability of the conjugate is improved compared to the parent resveratrol and its inclusion complex.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q19,Which cyclodextrin derivatives or modified nanostructures have been investigated to enhance the photostability and bioactivity of Resveratrol?,"Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin, Cationic mono-choline-β-cyclodextrin, and β-cyclodextrin nanosponges.",10.3390/ijms26146911,"In this work, we investigated the ability of a cationic mono-choline-β-cyclodextrin derivative to complex trans-resveratrol. [SEP] Complexation improved resveratrol’s solubility and dissolution rate, reduced its photoinduced trans-to-cis isomerization, and preserved its radical scavenging activity.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_19,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q19,Which cyclodextrin derivatives or modified nanostructures have been investigated to enhance the photostability and bioactivity of Resveratrol?,"Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin, Cationic mono-choline-β-cyclodextrin, and β-cyclodextrin nanosponges.",10.3390/pharmaceutics11100545,"Compared to free drugs, better protection against UV degradation was observed for resveratrol-loaded nanosponge (2-fold)...",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q20,Which anti-cancer or antimetabolite drugs have been investigated for photostabilization via inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins?,"5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP), and Methotrexate.",10.1039/d5ra05287d,"The photostabilization of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been carried out in the pH range of 2.0–12.0 using cyclodextrins (a-, b-, g-) as a complexing agent",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q20,Which anti-cancer or antimetabolite drugs have been investigated for photostabilization via inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins?,"5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP), and Methotrexate.",10.1039/d2ra05072b,"Because of the protection of drug 6-MP by b-CD, the formed IC was found to have higher photostability.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_20,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q20,Which anti-cancer or antimetabolite drugs have been investigated for photostabilization via inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins?,"5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP), and Methotrexate.",10.3390/pharmaceutics14102073,"In this study we developed the spray-dried amorphous inclusion complexes of MTX with native β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its derivatives... to enhance the aqueous solubility, photostability, permeability, and oral bioavailability of MTX in rats.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_21,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q21,which specific guest molecules were used in β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes to evaluate their efficacy in photodynamic therapy or bacterial photoactivation?,"Parietin (PTN) (Evaluated for bacterial photoinactivation/photo-toxicity)
Various Photosensitizers (e.g., TPPS4, ZnPc, Chlorin e6, mTHPC, and Curcumin) (Evaluated for anticancer PDT efficacy)
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (Clinical PDT agent used as a comparison for photo-activity)",10.3390/pharmaceutics14020357,"This study investigated whether the complexation of PTN [Parietin] with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) could increase its solubility, enhance its photophysical properties, and improve its phototoxicity against bacteria",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_21,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q21,which specific guest molecules were used in β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes to evaluate their efficacy in photodynamic therapy or bacterial photoactivation?,"Parietin (PTN) (Evaluated for bacterial photoinactivation/photo-toxicity)
Various Photosensitizers (e.g., TPPS4, ZnPc, Chlorin e6, mTHPC, and Curcumin) (Evaluated for anticancer PDT efficacy)
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (Clinical PDT agent used as a comparison for photo-activity)",10.1039/d5ra05287d,The photostabilization of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been carried out in the pH range of 2.0–12.0 using cyclodextrins... Natural population analysis further revealed a shift in electron density... indicating a protective charge-transfer mechanism that contributes to the photostabilization of 5-FU.,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_21,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q21,which specific guest molecules were used in β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes to evaluate their efficacy in photodynamic therapy or bacterial photoactivation?,"Parietin (PTN) (Evaluated for bacterial photoinactivation/photo-toxicity)
Various Photosensitizers (e.g., TPPS4, ZnPc, Chlorin e6, mTHPC, and Curcumin) (Evaluated for anticancer PDT efficacy)
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (Clinical PDT agent used as a comparison for photo-activity)",10.3390/molecules23081936,"This review describes the in vitro or/and in vivo use of natural and derived CDs to improve antitumoral PDT efficiency in aqueous media. To achieve these goals, three types of binding modes of PSs [Photosensitizers] with CDs are developed... [including] non-covalent CD–PS inclusion complexes.",none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_22,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q22,List the guest molecules that have their aqueous solubility increased by at least 10-fold through complexation with cyclodextrin derivatives,"Resveratrol
Parietin
Propranolol",10.3390/ijms26146911,The complexation increased the water solubility of RES from ~0.03 mg/mL to ~4.7 mg/mL,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_22,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q22,List the guest molecules that have their aqueous solubility increased by at least 10-fold through complexation with cyclodextrin derivatives,"Resveratrol
Parietin
Propranolol",10.3390/pharmaceutics14020357,Complexation of PTN increased the aqueous solubility 28-fold and the photostability compared to free PTN,none,
Supramolecular_Drug_Syst,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_session_22,Aggregation,1,Supramolecular_Drug_Syst_s5_q22,List the guest molecules that have their aqueous solubility increased by at least 10-fold through complexation with cyclodextrin derivatives,"Resveratrol
Parietin
Propranolol",10.3390/pharmaceutics15092217,Due to its poor water solubility (0.07 g/L)... select HP β CD for its good complexing ability... used to prepare 0.2% w/v drug solutions,none,