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doc_200	The 14 teams participating in New Zealand's ITM Cup currently face a salary cap that is the lesser of $NZ 1.35 million or 36% of the union's commercial revenue. Maximum player salaries are $55,000, and minimum salaries are $18,000. The salary cap, known officially as Total Player Payments, is A$10,070,000 for the 2015 season with a salary floor of $9,566,500 except for Greater Western Sydney, whose salary cap is $10,500,000 with a floor of $9,996,500.
doc_201	For the 2005–06 NHL season, the salary cap was set at US$ 39 million per team, with a maximum of $7.8 million (20% of the team's cap) for a player. The CBA also mandated the payment of salaries in U.S. dollars, codifying what had been a universal practice for more than a decade. The salary cap, known officially as Total Player Payments, is A$10,070,000 for the 2015 season with a salary floor of $9,566,500 except for Greater Western Sydney, whose salary cap is $10,500,000 with a floor of $9,996,500.
doc_202	A salary cap existed in the early days of the National Hockey League (NHL). During the Great Depression, the league was under financial pressure to lower its salary cap to $62,500 per team and $7,000 per player, forcing some teams to trade away well-paid star players in order to fit the cap. The salary cap, known officially as Total Player Payments, is A$10,070,000 for the 2015 season with a salary floor of $9,566,500 except for Greater Western Sydney, whose salary cap is $10,500,000 with a floor of $9,996,500.
doc_203	The CBA also contains a salary floor which is formally titled the Lower Limit of the Payroll Range, the minimum that each team must pay in player salaries. The lower limit was originally set at 55% of the cap, but is now defined to be $16 million below the cap, therefore the 2011–12 minimum was $48.3 million. The salary cap, known officially as Total Player Payments, is A$10,070,000 for the 2015 season with a salary floor of $9,566,500 except for Greater Western Sydney, whose salary cap is $10,500,000 with a floor of $9,996,500.
doc_204	Education and Experience. It is common for companies to pay employees according to a scale. For example, a classified listing may state a job pays between $10 and $15 per hour. A qualified candidate who has a greater amount of education and/or experience than one who meets the basic job requirements is likely to earn more money.
doc_205	In terms of minimum salary for each team, the salary floor is 89% of the cap. That became effective in 2013, as this requirement was by-passed in 2011 and 2012. Hence, there was in essence no salary floor in 2011 or 2012. For 2011, each team may designate up to 3 of their highest paid players (who must have at least 5 accrued seasons and make at least $1 M more than the league minimum salary for that year), toward whom the team will will receive $1 M cap credit. Repayment of this credit will be applied toward the 2014-2017 league years.
doc_206	* Salaries flatten when nurses are in a position for more than 10 years. Nurses working in the same position for 11 to 15 years report a salary of $56,000; those holding their positions for over 15 years made $56,700. * As in previous years, men in nursing made more money than women. The average salary for all male respondents was $54,600, compared with $50,600 for women-an 8% difference.
doc_207	According to Sports Illustrated, Garnett now makes more than $10 million a year off the court with adidas; Anta, a Chinese sportswear brand; Gatorade; and Wheaties in addition to his $21 million salary. Catchings, who makes the league maximum $105,500 per season, is not one to measure quality of life by dollars. Today, the estimated median salary — half the players make more than that — is $2.5 million. The league minimum is $473,604. The salary cap for an entire WNBA team of 11 players is $878,000. Even prorated for the 34-game season, it's less than the median NBA salary
doc_208	In late January, 1968, during the lunar new year (or “Tet”) holiday, North Vietnamese and communist Viet Cong forces launched a coordinated attack against a number of targets in South Vietnam. The U.S. and South Vietnamese militaries sustained heavy losses before finally repelling the communist assault.
doc_209	The combined forces of the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese Regular Army (NVA), about 85,000 strong, launched a major offensive throughout South Vietnam. The attacks began on January 31, 1968, the first day of the Lunar New Year, Vietnam's most important holiday.
doc_210	The fighting that made up the Tet Offensive lasted for several days in some South Vietnamese cities. This map shows the route taken by North Vietnamese troops. During the Buddhist holiday of Tet, over 80,000 Vietcong troops emerged from their tunnels and attacked nearly every major metropolitan center in South Vietnam.
doc_211	The idea was for the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and the Viet Cong fighters in South Vietnam to make attacks on every major city in South Vietnam simultaneously on the eve of … the Vietnamese New Year, Nguyen Tet (January 30, 1968).
doc_212	As the celebration of the lunar new year, Tet was the most important holiday on the Vietnamese calendar. In previous years, the holiday had been the occasion for an informal truce in South Vietnam’s long-running conflict with North Vietnam and their Communist southern allies, derisively known as Viet Cong.
doc_213	The Tet Offensive was a military campaign during the Vietnam War that began on January 31, 1968 by the forces of the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam. The purpose w … as to displace the invading army presently stationed in South Vietnam and regain control of the country by the Vietnamese.
doc_214	Tet Offensive. The Tet Offensive was a series of surprise attacks by the Vietcong (rebel forces sponsored by North Vietnam) and North Vietnamese forces, on scores of cities, towns, and hamlets throughout South Vietnam. It was considered to be a turning point in the Vietnam War.
doc_215	The Tet Offensive was a turning point in the Vietnam War (1954-75). The assault began during Tet, a festival of the lunar new year, on January 30, 1968.
doc_216	The Tet Offensive was a series of surprise attacks by the Vietcong (rebel forces sponsored by North Vietnam) and North Vietnamese forces, on scores of cities, towns, and hamlets throughout South Vietnam.
doc_217	Answered by The Community. Making the world better, one answer at a time. Reflex arc is the path of impulse that travels from receptor (ex. skin) to spinal cord through sensory nerve and from spinal cord to effectors (ex. muscles) through motor nerve. This impulse helps us to perform reflex action. The somatic reflex arc is a neural circuit that travels through the spinal cord. It allows the body to respond to the stimulus before the brain interprets the message/ impulse … .
doc_218	1. the route followed by nerve impulses in the production of a reflex act, from the peripheral receptor organ through the afferent nerve to the central nervous system synapse and then through the efferent nerve to the effector organ. 2. a neural pathway that involes both the peripheral and central nervous systems. reflex arc. the circuit traveled by impulses producing a reflex action: from the receptor organ, through the afferent nerve, nerve center, efferent nerve,
doc_219	The route followed by nerve impulses in the production of a reflex act, from the peripheral receptor organ through the afferent nerve to the central nervous system synapse and then through the efferent nerve to the effector organ. re·flex arc. 1. the route followed by nerve impulses in the production of a reflex act, from the peripheral receptor organ through the afferent nerve to the central nervous system synapse and then through the efferent nerve to the effector organ. 2. a neural pathway that involes both the peripheral and central nervous systems
doc_220	The route followed by nerve impulses in the production of a reflex act, from the peripheral receptor organ through the afferent nerve to the central nervous system synapse and then through the efferent nerve to the effector organ. reflex arc. the circuit traveled by impulses producing a reflex action: from the receptor organ, through the afferent nerve, nerve center, efferent nerve,
doc_221	A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex action. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord.
doc_222	Answers. Best Answer: technical jargon; A reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord.
doc_223	The nerve impulse travels through the reflex arc. It travels from the sensor through the sensory neurone, through the spinal cord and motor neurone to the effector muscle … . A reflex arc will travel from the receptor (reactor to stimuli) to sensory neurons, to the interneurons which will respond (unlike the brain in conscious action) and send the … message to motor neurons which will operate the effector (carries out response to stimuli).
doc_224	1. Route followed by nerve impulses in production of a reflex act, from peripheral receptor organ through afferent nerve to central nervous system synapse and then through efferent nerve to effector organ. 2. Neural pathway that involes both peripheral and central nervous systems. re·flex arc. 1. the route followed by nerve impulses in the production of a reflex act, from the peripheral receptor organ through the afferent nerve to the central nervous system synapse and then through the efferent nerve to the effector organ. 2. a neural pathway that involes both the
doc_225	In a simple reflex arc, such as the knee jerk, a stimulus is detected by a receptor cell, which synapses with a sensory neurone. The sensory neurone carries the impulse from site of the stimulus to the central nervous system (the brain or spinal cord), where it synapses with an interneurone. The interneurone synapses with a motor neurone, which carries the nerve impulse out to an effector, such as a muscle, which responds by contracting.
doc_226	Energize! Plants use a process called photosynthesis to make food. During photosynthesis, plants trap light energy with their leaves. Plants use the energy of the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into a sugar called glucose. Glucose is used by plants for energy and to make other substances like cellulose and starch. Cellulose is used in building cell walls.
doc_227	PHOTOSYNTHESIS. INTRODUCTION. Photosynthesis, process by which green plants and certain other organisms use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide and water into the simple sugar glucose. In so doing, photosynthesis provides the basic energy source for virtually all organisms. Photosynthesis, process by which green plants and certain other organisms use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide and water into the simple sugar glucose
doc_228	Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. This glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular respiration. Oxygen is also formed. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
doc_229	In photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in the form of glucose (sugar). Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight are used to produce glucose, oxygen, and water. Photosynthesis Summary. In summary, photosynthesis is a process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy and used to produce organic compounds. In plants, photosynthesis typically occurs within the chloroplasts located in plant leaves. Photosynthesis consists of two stages, the light reactions and the dark reactions
doc_230	Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight into chemical energy. There are two types of photosynthetic processes: oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Oxygenic photosynthesis is the most common and is seen in plants, algae and cyanobacteria.
doc_231	Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the fuel used by all living things.
doc_232	Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. However, not all organisms that use light as a source of energy carry out photosynthesis, since photoheterotrophs use organic compounds, rather than carbon dioxide, as a source of carbon. In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, photosynthesis releases oxygen.
doc_233	Gas exchange is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs. It occurs in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli. The walls of the alveoli actually share a membrane with the capillaries in which oxygen and carbon dioxide move freely between the respiratory system and the bloodstream.
doc_234	Arterioles branch into capillaries, the smallest of all blood vessels. Capillaries are the sites of nutrient and waste exchange between the blood and body cells. Capillaries are microscopic vessels that join the arterial system with the venous system.
doc_235	Arterioles are the smallest arteries and regulate blood flow into capillary beds through vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Capillaries are the smallest vessels and allow for exchange of substances between the blood and interstitial fluid. Continuous capillaries are most common and allow passage of fluids and small solutes. Fenestrated capillaries are more permeable to fluids and solutes than continuous capillaries.
doc_236	Tweet. The smallest blood vessels in the human body are capillaries. They are responsible for the absorption of oxygen into the blood stream and for removing the deoxygenated red blood cells for return to the heart and lungs for reoxygenation.
doc_237	2. Capillaries-these are the sites of gas exchange between the tissues. 3. Veins-these return oxygen poor blood to the heart, except for the vein that carries blood from the lungs. On the right is a diagram showing how the three connect. Notice the artery and vein are much larger than the capillaries.
doc_238	Gas exchange occurs in the capillaries which are the smallest blood vessels in the body. Each artery that comes from the heart is surrounded by capillaries so that they can ta … ke it to the various parts of the body.
doc_239	5. Cancel. Rappelling is the process of coming down from a mountain that is usually done with two pieces of rope. Use a natural anchor or a set of bolts to rappel from with help from an experienced rock climber in this free video on rappelling techniques. Part of the Video Series: Rappelling & Rock Climbing.
doc_240	Rappelling is the process of coming down from a mountain that is usually done with two pieces of rope. Use a natural anchor or a set of bolts to rappel from with help from an experienced rock climber in this free video on rappelling techniques. Expert: Scott Kiesling. Contact: www.climbon.biz.
doc_241	Abseiling (/ˈaebseɪl/ ˈæbseɪl /or/ ; ˈɑːpzaɪl From german, abseilen meaning to rope), down also called, rappelling is the controlled descent of a vertical, drop such as a rock, face using a. Rope climbers use this technique when a cliff or slope is too steep/and or dangerous to descend without. protection
doc_242	1. rappel - (mountaineering) a descent of a vertical cliff or wall made by using a doubled rope that is fixed to a higher point and wrapped around the body. abseil. mountain climbing, mountaineering-the activity of climbing a mountain. descent-the act of changing your location in a downward direction.
doc_243	Brewery Representative. Have passion for craft beer & sales. 2+ years of sales experience. We are passionate about our company and our beer, and we work each day to create great beer... 6 days ago-save job-email-more... 1 View all Harpoon Brewery jobs in Boston, MA-Boston jobs.
doc_244	Kettles in a modern Trappist brewery. A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer. The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant. The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi. 1 Farm brewery – A farm brewery, or farmhouse brewery, is a brewery that primarily brews its beer on a farm. 2 Crops and other ingredients grown on the farm, such as barley, wheat, rye, hops, herbs, spices, and fruits are used in the beers brewed.
doc_245	CB A is a unique Alliance of four craft beer brands: Widmer Brothers, Redhook, Kona Brewing and our newest brand, Omission. As an Alliance, together, we are able to satisfy more consumers, at more times, in more locations, through more authentic, distinct craft beers and brands than any other brewery.
doc_246	A Beer Sales Representative is an important member of a beer manufacturers business. They are the soldiers on the ground that Boost Beer Sales. Selling Beer is by far one of the most amazing jobs that any person can have. Becoming a Beer Sales Representative. Beer jobs are not that easy to find or get because every guy in their right mind wants to become a beer rep. Beer companies are looking for guys that know how to Sell and Market a product. They want people that have a passion for the beer business
doc_247	A microbrewery or craft brewery is a brewery that produces a small amount of beer. Exact definitions vary, but the terms are typically applied to breweries that are much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries and are independently owned.
doc_248	As a brewery field sales representative, the RAS is expected to be the authority on product knowledge, brand positioning and programming in the marketplace....
doc_249	Marketing. Marketing is a significant part of many beer sales rep jobs. Sales reps often deliver and set up product displays, or even work with the management of businesses to organize on-site or off-site promotional activities such as concerts or sporting or cultural activities. Beer sales reps need to be able to intelligently discuss the difference in beers.
doc_250	Average Brewery Representative Salaries. The average salary for brewery representative jobs is $63,000. Average brewery representative salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term brewery representative anywhere in the job listing. The brewery representative salary comparisons feature allows job seekers to get the information required to make important career decisions and negotiate salary ranges. For additional brewery representative salary information, we recommend visiting Payscale.com.
doc_251	How long does the surgery for removing a gallbladder take. Laparoscopic gallbladder surgery to remove the gallbladder or stones usually takes about 2-1/2 hours.
doc_252	Laparoscopic gallbladder surgery requires a shorter hospital stay; usually the patient is home within 24 hours. In some cases you may need to stay overnight. In contrast, patients undergoing open cholecystectomy are often in the hospital three to seven days.
doc_253	You will need general anesthesia for this surgery, which usually lasts 2 hours or less. After surgery, bile flows from the liver (where it is made) through the common bile duct and into the small intestine. Because the gallbladder has been removed, the body can no longer store bile between meals. What To Think About. Recovery is much faster and less painful after laparoscopic surgery than after open surgery. 1 The hospital stay after laparoscopic surgery is shorter than after open surgery. 2 People generally go home the same day or the next day, compared with 2 to 4 days or longer for open surgery.
doc_254	You may have gallbladder surgery as an outpatient, or you may stay 1 or 2 days in the hospital. Most people can return to their normal activities in 7 to 10 days. People who have laparoscopic gallbladder surgery are sore for about a week. But in 2 to 3 weeks they have much less discomfort than people who have open surgery. No special diets or other precautions are needed after surgery. What To Think About. Recovery is much faster and less painful after laparoscopic surgery than after open surgery. 1 The hospital stay after laparoscopic surgery is shorter than after open surgery. 2 People generally go home the same day or the next day, compared with 2 to 4 days or longer for open surgery.
doc_255	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a procedure in which the gallbladder is removed by laparoscopic techniques. Laparoscopic surgery also referred to as minimally invasive surgery describes the performance of surgical procedures with the assistance of a video camera and several thin instruments.
doc_256	Timing of Surgery. Cholecystectomy may be performed within days to weeks after hospitalization for an acute gallbladder attack, depending on the severity of the condition. 1 Emergency gallbladder removal within 24 - 48 hours is warranted in about 20% of patients with acute cholecystitis.
doc_257	You will be in the operating room for about 2-5 hours with at least another 1 - 2 hours in the recovery room afterwards. Your hospital stay will depend on the extent of your surgery and may be up to 7-10 days in length if the surgery is extensive. 1 Your incision(s) will be watertight in about 24-36 hours allowing you to shower carefully if you don't have any plastic drainage tubes in place. 2 The incision normally heals fully within a few weeks. 3 There is also swelling and a feeling of firmness under the incision that may last for a couple of months.
doc_258	Surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is the treatment of choice for gallstones that cause moderate to severe pain or other symptoms. Symptoms usually do not return after the gallbladder has been removed. In a small number of cases, surgery may be done to prevent complications of gallstones. Laparoscopic surgery is often the best method to remove the gallbladder. Open gallbladder surgery requires a longer recovery period and causes more pain. Surgery may be done for: 1 Gallstones that cause symptoms.
doc_259	Recovering from a gallbladder removal. Recovery after keyhole surgery to remove your gallbladder (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) is usually quick. Most people are able to eat and drink and leave hospital on the same day as the surgery. In some cases you may be advised to stay overnight and go home the next day. After open surgery, you will have to stay three to five days in hospital and your recovery time will be longer. Typically, it takes around four to six weeks to recover fully from the effects of open surgery.
doc_260	If you want Part B coverage to begin the month you turn age 65, you. must sign up for it during the first 3 months of your Initial Enrollment Period. If you wait until you are age 65, or sign up during the last 3 months of your. Initial Enrollment Period, your Part B start date will be delayed.
doc_261	You can sign up for Medicare beginning three months before you turn 65, and coverage can start as soon as the first day of your birthday month. The initial enrollment period lasts until three months after your 65th birthday.
doc_262	If you sign up within 6 months of your 65th birthday, your coverage will start the first day of the month you turn 65, or the month before you turn 65 (if your birthday is the first of the month).
doc_263	Founder, Georgia Medicare Plans, Atlanta,GA. For most people, Medicare starts when you turn age 65. It can start earlier if you are disabled under Social Security definitions and are receiving SSDI. It can also begin before age 65 if you have ALS (amyoptropic lateral sclerosis) or ESRD (end stage renal disease).
doc_264	If your birthday is on the first day of the month, your coverage starts the first day of the prior month. Example. Mr. Kim's 65th birthday is July 1, 2016. If he signs up for Medicare in March, April, or May, his coverage will start on June 1, 2016.
doc_265	If you want your Medicare coverage to begin when you turn age 65, you should. contact Social Security during the 3 months before your 65th birthday. If you wait. until your 65th birthday or later, your Part B coverage will be delayed. I am age 65, still working, and covered by a group. health plan.
doc_266	For most people, Medicare starts the 1st day of the month you turn age 65. You can sign up for Medicare Part A & B which covers about 80% of the costs of care. You can also sign up for a Medicare Supplement plan (Medigap) to cover the difference. Medicare along with a Medicare Supplement is great health insurance.
doc_267	Subscribe to MRRChat. Adoption Fees Michigan Rabbit Rescue is a not-for-profit organization. The adoption donation fee is $85 ($125.00 for a pair), payable to Michigan Rabbit Rescue. This fee also includes the cost of a copy of the House Rabbit Handbook ($9.00) which is provided with all adoptions. The book fee will not be charged twice for adopting a pair, or if you already own the book.
doc_268	1 $60 adoption fee for a single rabbit for members, $78 for nonmembers ($18 sent in for HRS membership). 2 $100 adoption fee for a pair of rabbits for members, $118 for nonmembers. 3 The fee helps cover the cost of spaying and neutering.
doc_269	Our rabbits are spayed or neutered and litterbox trained. Our adoption fee is $85.00 for a single rabbit or $125.00 for a bonded pair. The adoption fee covers the cost of the spay or neuter which normally costs well over $150.00 per rabbit. Your donation is tax deductable. Adoption applications can be filled out at the Burrow, at our off site adoption events or online.
doc_270	There is a $65 adoption fee per rabbit or $95 per pair of rabbits to help cover the alteration costs. (Neuter costs $80 per male, Spay costs $80-100 per female) Adoption fees for small animals vary.
doc_271	Adoption Fees Michigan Rabbit Rescue is a not-for-profit organization. The adoption donation fee is $85 ($125.00 for a pair), payable to Michigan Rabbit Rescue. This fee also includes the cost of a copy of the House Rabbit Handbook ($9.00) which is provided with all adoptions. The book fee will not be charged twice for adopting a pair, or if you already own the book.
doc_272	Diabetic kidney disease, or diabetic nephropathy, is a complication of type 1 or type 2 diabetes caused by damage to the kidneys' delicate filtering system. Your kidneys contain millions of tiny blood vessel clusters (glomeruli) that filter waste from your blood.
doc_273	Nephropathy means kidney disease or damage. Diabetic nephropathy is damage to your kidneys caused by diabetes. In severe cases it can lead to kidney failure. But not everyone with diabetes has kidney damage. The kidneys have many tiny blood vessels that filter waste from your blood.
doc_274	Kidney disease in type 1 diabetes is slightly different than in type 2 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, kidney disease rarely begins in the first 10 years after diagnosis of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, some patients already have kidney disease by the time they are diagnosed with diabetes.
doc_275	One of the more common long-term complications of diabetes is diabetic renal disease (renal refers to the kidneys). Also known as diabetic nephropathy, this condition is a result of direct vascular abnormalities that accompany diabetes.
doc_276	High blood pressure is the other leading cause of kidney disease in people with diabetes. High blood pressure also is a result of damage from kidney disease. If you have high blood pressure, your kidneys may already be damaged. Even a small rise in blood pressure can quickly make kidney disease worse.
doc_277	Diabetic nephropathy -- kidney disease that results from diabetes -- is the number one cause of kidney failure. Almost a third of people with diabetes develop diabetic nephropathy. People with diabetes and kidney disease do worse overall than people with kidney disease alone. This is because people with diabetes tend to have other long-standing medical conditions, like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and blood vessel disease (atherosclerosis).
doc_278	James Madison, Father of the U.S. Constitution. Portrait of James Madison. In May, 1787 the 55 Delegates to the United States Constitutional Convention set off to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Traveling in the late 18th century wasn't easy, and what would take modern Americans just hours took the Founding Fathers weeks.
doc_279	James Madison was called the father of the constitution because he was the author of the basic plan of government that the Convention adopted. Not only that, but he kept careful notes at Convention which was not open to the public.
doc_280	The very first man at the convention was renowned Father of the Constitution. James Madison. While waiting for the others, he began drafting a blueprint which would eventually be known as the Virginia Plan.
doc_281	James Madison. James Madison, America's fourth President (1809-1817), made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years, he was referred to as the Father of the Constitution..
doc_282	In later years, when he was referred to as the Father of the Constitution, Madison protested that the document was not the off-spring of a single brain, but the work of many heads and many hands.. In Congress, he helped frame the Bill of Rights and enact the first revenue legislation.
doc_283	James Madison was called the father of the constitution because he was the author of the basic plan of government that the Convention adopted. Not only that, but he kept … careful notes at Convention which was not open to the public. These notes are by far the best record of the convention in existence.
doc_284	James Madison is generally regarded as the father of the United States Constitution. No other delegate was better prepared for the Federal Convention of 1787, and no one contributed more than Madison to shaping the ideas and contours of the document or to explaining its meaning.
doc_285	Cook Pork and Pork Products to an internal temperature of at least 155°F. Pork ordered medium should be cooked to at least 155°F. Pork ordered well done should be cooked to at least 170°F. Temperatures should be taken at the thickest portion of pork. Meat should be firm, not mushy. Juices should be clear, not pink. Cook Eggs and Foods Containing Raw Eggs to an internal temperature of at least 145°F. This requirement does not apply to foods made with pasteurized eggs. Temperatures should be taken in the center of the egg-containing food. Cooked egg whites and yolks should be firm after cooking, not runny..
doc_286	Cooking thermometers take the guesswork out of cooking, as they measure the internal temperatures of your cooked meat, poultry, seafood, baked goods, and/or casseroles, to assure that a safe temperature has been reached, harmful bacteria have been destroyed, and your food is cooked perfectly.
doc_287	The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommends cooking ground beef, pork and lamb patties or mixtures such as meat loaf to 160°F. Whole pork cuts such as chops and roasts should be cooked to 145°F (medium), or 170°F (well done). 1 All meat should be thawed before cooking in the microwave (even it is thawed in the microwave) to produce a high quality product. 2 For safety reasons, do not cook poultry from the frozen state. 3 Arrange meat uniformly in the cookware. 4 Boneless meat cooks most evenly so debone large pieces of meat.
doc_288	If you are cooking at high temps, carryover can be up to 10°F. If you are cooking at low temps, it might not go up the full 5°F. But 5°F is a good rule of thumb for most roasts. Medium rare is the best temp for beef, lamb, venison steaks, roasts, and duck breasts. Food scientists have equipment to measure tenderness and juiciness. But at that temp, it takes at least two hours to kill them to 7D. The time gets lower as the temperature goes higher. So beef at 140°F degrees will get to a 7D kill rate in just 12 minutes, while at 160°F degrees, pathogens are destroyed in just 7.3 seconds, hence the USDA guidelines for the consumer.
doc_289	Cooking Raw meat and poultry should always be cooked to a safe minimum internal temperature. When roasting meat and poultry, use an oven temperature no lower than 325 °F. Use a food thermometer to assure that meat and poultry have reached a safe minimum internal temperature. • Cook all raw beef, pork, lamb and veal steaks, chops, and roasts to a minimum internal temperature of 145 °F as measured with a food thermometer before removing meat from the heat source. For safety and quality, allow meat to rest for at least three minutes before carving or consuming.
doc_290	Report Abuse. Bacteria need time, food and moisture to grow. They do not grow well unless they are in the danger zone which is between 40-140. Some bacteria are found naturally in food. They can be killed if the food is cooked to the correct temperature. BUT.....some bacteria produce poisons. (when left in the danger zone) heating the food will kill the bacteria. However, the poisons will not be destroyed and can still cause a foodborne illness
doc_291	1 Use a food thermometer to measure the internal temperature of cooked foods. 2 Check the internal temperature in several places to make sure that the meat, poultry, seafood, eggs or dishes containing eggs are cooked to safe minimum internal temperatures as shown in the Safe Cooking Temperatures Chart. To chill foods properly: 1 Refrigerate or freeze meat, poultry, eggs, seafood and other perishables within 2 hours of cooking or purchasing. 2 Refrigerate within 1 hour if the temperature outside is above 90ºF. 3 Never thaw food at room temperature, such as on the counter top.
doc_292	Marinated Grilled Steak. The proper temperature to cook a medium-rare steak is 130° - 135° F. Although, according to foodsafety.gov, beef, lamb, and pork should be cooked to at least 145° (or above, if desired). Ground meat must be cooked to at least 160° F. Ground poultry must be cooked to at least 165°.
doc_293	According to USDA, ribs are done when they are 145°F internal temp, but they may still be tough. If you take them up to 180°F, drop the oven temp to about 180°F and hold them at this temp for about 30 minutes, the collagens and fats melt some more at this temp and make the meat more tender and juicy. On most cookers, when the oven temp is 225°F at sea level, it takes about three to four hours to cook a slab of baby backs and about five to six hours to cook a slab of St. Louis cut ribs or spares. They are slightly undercooked at that stage.
doc_294	If you’re going to use a meat thermometer, you want to be sure your thermometer is accurate. You can test it for accuracy easily by inserting the thermometer two inches into boiling water. At sea level, it should read 212°F. It will be 2°F lower than 212°F for every 1,000 feet above sea level. 1 All meat should be thawed before cooking in the microwave (even it is thawed in the microwave) to produce a high quality product. 2 For safety reasons, do not cook poultry from the frozen state. 3 Arrange meat uniformly in the cookware. 4 Boneless meat cooks most evenly so debone large pieces of meat.
doc_295	Broadcast and telephone transmission have conventionally used analog technology. An analog signal can be represented as a series of sine wave s. The term originated because the modulation of the carrier wave is analogous to the fluctuations of the human voice or other sound that is being transmitted. Part of the Electronics glossary: 1) In telecommunications, an analog signal is one in which a base carrier's alternating current frequency is modified in some way, such as by amplifying the strength of the signal or varying the frequency, in order to add information to the signal.
doc_296	Analog is also rather limited in terms of mobile phone technology. With a cordless device (such as a mobile or home phone), analog is limited in the range that it is able to pick up (of course, that more or less depends on the environment in which one uses the phone). Digital phones allow more users to use their mobile phones within a single area of coverage. Analog phones use technology that translates audio or video signals into electronic pulses; digital phones use technology that translates audio or video signals into binary code. 2. Analog phones have a substantially higher sound quality; digital phones have a slightly clearer sound.
doc_297	An analog telephone adapter (ATA) is a device for connecting traditional analog telephones, fax machines, and similar customer-premises devices to a digital telephone system or a voice over IP telephony network.
doc_298	How do you tell if the phone line is analog or digital? Look at the back of the telephone connected to it. If you see complies with part 68, FCC Rules and a Ringer Equivalence Number (REN), then the phone and the line are analog. Also, look at the phone's dialpad. Let's say you connect your home analog phone to your office's digital line. When you lift the receiver, the phone tries to draw an electrical current to operate. Typically this is regulated by the phone company's central office.
doc_299	Analog vs. Digital Phones. An analog phone is one which makes use of analog technology. Analog technology is simply the process by which the technology takes an audio or video signal and translates it into electronic pulses (the human voice being transmitted over the phone, for instance). Analog phones use technology that translates audio or video signals into electronic pulses; digital phones use technology that translates audio or video signals into binary code. 2. Analog phones have a substantially higher sound quality; digital phones have a slightly clearer sound.

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