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Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.12 | FMC shall not be used in the following: In wet locationsIn hoistways, other than as permitted in 620.21 (A)(1)In storage battery roomsIn any hazardous (classified) location except as permitted by other articles in this CodeWhere exposed to materials having a deteriorating effect on the installed conductors, such as oil or gasolineUnderground or embedded in poured concrete or aggregateWhere subject to physical damage [348.12](https://2023.antflix.net#348.12) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.12 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.20(A) | FMC less than metric designator 16 (trade size 1/2) shall not be used unless permitted in 348.20(A)(1) through (A)(5) for metric designator 12 (trade size 3/8). For enclosing the leads of motors as permitted in 430.245(B)In lengths not in excess of 1.8 m (6 ft) for any of the following uses:For utilization equipmentAs part of a listed assemblyFor tap connections to luminaires as permitted in 410.117(C)For manufactured wiring systems as permitted in 604.100(A)In hoistways as permitted in 620.21(A)(1)As part of a listed assembly to connect wired luminaire sections as permitted in 410.137(C) [348.20(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.20(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.20(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.20(B) | FMC larger than metric designator 103 (trade size 4) shall not be used. Informational Note: See 300.1(C) for the metric designators and trade sizes. These are for identification purposes only and do not relate to actual dimensions. [348.20(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.20(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.20(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.22 | The number of conductors shall not exceed that permitted by the percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9, or as permitted in Table 348.22, or for metric designator 12 (trade size 3/8). Cables shall be permitted to be installed where such use is not prohibited by the respective cable articles. The number of cables shall not exceed the allowable percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9. Table 348.22 Maximum Number of Insulated Conductors in Metric Designator 12 (Trade Size 3/8) Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC)* Size (AWG) Types RFH-2, SF-2 Types TF, XHHW, TW Types TFN, THHN, THWN Types FEP, FEBP, PF, PGF Fittings Inside Conduit Fittings Outside Conduit Fittings Inside Conduit Fittings Outside Conduit Fittings Inside Conduit Fittings Outside Conduit Fittings Inside Conduit Fittings Outside Conduit 18 2 3 3 5 5 8 5 8 16 1 2 3 4 4 6 4 6 14 1 2 2 3 3 4 3 4 12 - - 1 2 2 3 2 3 10 - - 1 1 1 1 1 2 *In addition, one insulated, covered, or bare equipment grounding conductor of the same size shall be permitted. [348.22](https://2023.antflix.net#348.22) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.22 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.24(A) | Bends in conduit shall be made so that the conduit is not damaged and the internal diameter of the conduit is not effectively reduced. Bends shall be permitted to be made manually without auxiliary equipment. The radius of the curve to the centerline of any bend shall not be less than shown in Table 2, Chapter 9 using the column "Other Bends." [348.24(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.24(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.24(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.24(B) | The total degrees of bends in a conduit run shall not exceed 360 degrees between pull points. [348.24(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.24(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.24(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.28 | All cut ends shall be trimmed or otherwise finished to remove rough edges, except where fittings that thread into the convolutions are used. [348.28](https://2023.antflix.net#348.28) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.28 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.30 | FMC shall be securely fastened in place and supported in accordance with 348.30(A) and (B). [348.30](https://2023.antflix.net#348.30) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.30 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.30(A) | FMC shall be securely fastened in place by an approved means within 300 mm (12 in.) of each box, cabinet, conduit body, or other conduit termination and shall be supported and secured at intervals not to exceed 1.4 m (41/2 ft). Where used, cable ties shall be listed and be identified for securement and support. Exception No. 1: Where FMC is fished between access points through concealed spaces in finished buildings or structures and supporting is impracticable. Exception No. 2: Where flexibility is necessary after installation, lengths from the last point where the raceway is securely fastened shall not exceed the following: (1) 900 mm (3 ft) for metric designators 16 through 35 (trade sizes 1/2 through 11/4) (2) 1200 mm (4 ft) for metric designators 41 through 53 (trade sizes 11/2 through 2) (3) 1500 mm (5 ft) for metric designators 63 (trade size 21/2) and larger Exception No. 3: Lengths not exceeding 1.8 m (6 ft) from a luminaire terminal connection for tap connections to luminaires as permitted in 410.117(C). Exception No. 4: Lengths not exceeding 1.8 m (6 ft) from the last point where the raceway is securely fastened for connections within an accessible ceiling to a luminaire(s) or other equipment. For the purposes of the exceptions, listed FMC fittings shall be permitted as a means of securement and support. [348.30(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.30(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.30(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.30(B) | Horizontal runs of FMC supported by openings through framing members at intervals not greater than 1.4 m (41/2 ft) and securely fastened within 300 mm (12 in.) of termination points shall be permitted. [348.30(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.30(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.30(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.42 | Angle connectors shall not be concealed. [348.42](https://2023.antflix.net#348.42) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.42 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.56 | Splices and taps shall be made in accordance with 300.15. [348.56](https://2023.antflix.net#348.56) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.56 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.60(A) | FMC shall be permitted to be used as an equipment grounding conductor when installed in accordance with 250.118(A)(5) where flexibility is not required after installation. [348.60(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.60(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.60(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.60(B) | An equipment grounding conductor shall be installed where flexibility is necessary to minimize the transmission of vibration from equipment or to provide flexibility for equipment that requires movement after installation. [348.60(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.60(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.60(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.60(C) | Where required or installed, equipment grounding conductors shall be installed in accordance with 250.134. [348.60(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.60(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.60(C) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 348.60(D) | Where required or installed, equipment bonding jumpers shall be installed in accordance with 250.102. [348.60(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#348.60(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#348.60(D) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.1 | This article covers the use, installation, and construction specifications for liquidtight flexible metal conduit (LFMC) and associated fittings. [350.1](https://2023.antflix.net#350.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.1 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.2 | LFMC shall not be reconditioned. [350.2](https://2023.antflix.net#350.2) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.2 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.6 | LFMC and associated fittings shall be listed. [350.6](https://2023.antflix.net#350.6) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.6 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.10 | LFMC shall be permitted to be used in exposed or concealed locations as follows: Where conditions of installation, operation, or maintenance require flexibility or protection from machine oils, liquids, vapors, or solids.In hazardous (classified) locations where specifically permitted by Chapter 5.For direct burial where listed and marked for the purpose.Conductors or cables rated at a temperature higher than the listed temperature rating of LFMC shall be permitted to be installed in LFMC, provided the conductors or cables are not operated at a temperature higher than the listed temperature rating of the LFMC. [350.10](https://2023.antflix.net#350.10) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.10 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.12 | LFMC shall not be used where subject to physical damage. [350.12](https://2023.antflix.net#350.12) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.12 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.20(A) | LFMC smaller than metric designator 16 (trade size 1/2) shall not be used. Exception: LFMC of metric designator 12 (trade size 3/8) shall be permitted as covered in 348.20(A). [350.20(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.20(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.20(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.20(B) | The maximum size of LFMC shall be metric designator 103 (trade size 4). Informational Note: See 300.1(C) for the metric designators and trade sizes. These are for identification purposes only and do not relate to actual dimensions. [350.20(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.20(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.20(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.22(A) | The number of conductors shall not exceed that permitted by the percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9. Cables shall be permitted to be installed where such use is not prohibited by the respective cable articles. The number of cables shall not exceed the allowable percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9. [350.22(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.22(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.22(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.22(B) | The number of conductors shall not exceed that permitted in Table 348.22, "Fittings Outside Conduit" columns. [350.22(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.22(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.22(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.24(A) | Bends in conduit shall be so made that the conduit will not be damaged and the internal diameter of the conduit will not be effectively reduced. Bends shall be permitted to be made manually without auxiliary equipment. The radius of the curve to the centerline of any bend shall not be less than required in Table 2, Chapter 9 using the column "Other Bends." [350.24(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.24(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.24(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.24(B) | The total degrees of bends in a conduit run shall not exceed 360 degrees between pull points. [350.24(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.24(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.24(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.28 | All cut ends of conduit shall be trimmed inside and outside to remove rough edges. [350.28](https://2023.antflix.net#350.28) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.28 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.30 | LFMC shall be securely fastened in place and supported in accordance with 350.30(A) and (B). [350.30](https://2023.antflix.net#350.30) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.30 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.30(A) | LFMC shall be securely fastened in place by an approved means within 300 mm (12 in.) of each box, cabinet, conduit body, or other conduit termination and shall be supported and secured at intervals not to exceed 1.4 m (41/2 ft). Where used, cable ties shall be listed and be identified for securement and support. Exception No. 1: Where LFMC is fished between access points through concealed spaces in finished buildings or structures and supporting is impractical. Exception No. 2: Where flexibility is necessary after installation, lengths from the last point where the raceway is securely fastened shall not exceed the following: (1) 900 mm (3 ft) for metric designators 16 through 35 (trade sizes 1/2 through 11/4) (2) 1200 mm (4 ft) for metric designators 41 through 53 (trade sizes 11/2 through 2) (3) 1500 mm (5 ft) for metric designators 63 (trade size 21/2) and larger Exception No. 3: Lengths not exceeding 1.8 m (6 ft) from a luminaire terminal connection for tap conductors to luminaires, as permitted in 410.117(C). Exception No. 4: Lengths not exceeding 1.8 m (6 ft) from the last point where the raceway is securely fastened for connections within an accessible ceiling to luminaire(s) or other equipment. For the purposes of the exceptions, listed LFMC fittings shall be permitted as a means of securement and support. [350.30(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.30(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.30(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.30(B) | Horizontal runs of LFMC supported by openings through framing members at intervals not greater than 1.4 m (41/2 ft) and securely fastened within 300 mm (12 in.) of termination points shall be permitted. [350.30(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.30(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.30(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.42 | Only fittings listed for use with LFMC shall be used. Angle connectors shall not be concealed. Straight LFMC fittings shall be permitted for direct burial where marked. [350.42](https://2023.antflix.net#350.42) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.42 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.56 | Splices and taps shall be made in accordance with 300.15. [350.56](https://2023.antflix.net#350.56) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.56 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.60(A) | LFMC shall be permitted to be used as an equipment grounding conductor when installed in accordance with 250.118(A)(6) where flexibility is not required after installation. [350.60(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.60(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.60(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.60(B) | An equipment grounding conductor shall be installed where flexibility is necessary to minimize the transmission of vibration from equipment or to provide flexibility for equipment that requires movement after installation. [350.60(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.60(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.60(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.60(C) | Where required or installed, equipment grounding conductors shall be installed in accordance with 250.134. [350.60(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.60(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.60(C) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.60(D) | Where required or installed, equipment bonding jumpers shall be installed in accordance with 250.102. Informational Note: See 501.30(B)(2), 502.30(B)(2), 503.30(B)(2), 505.30(B)(2), and 506.30(B)(2) for types of equipment grounding conductors. [350.60(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#350.60(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.60(D) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 350.120 | LFMC shall be marked according to 110.21. The trade size and other information required by the listing shall also be marked on the conduit. Conduit suitable for direct burial shall be so marked. [350.120](https://2023.antflix.net#350.120) | https://2023.antflix.net#350.120 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.1 | This article covers the use, installation, and construction specifications for rigid polyvinyl chloride conduit (PVC) and associated fittings. [352.1](https://2023.antflix.net#352.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.1 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.6 | PVC conduit, factory elbows, and associated fittings shall be listed. [352.6](https://2023.antflix.net#352.6) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.6 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10 | The use of PVC conduit shall be permitted in accordance with 352.10(A) through (K). Informational Note: Extreme cold may cause some nonmetallic conduits to become brittle and, therefore, more susceptible to damage from physical contact. [352.10](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(A) | PVC conduit shall be permitted in walls, floors, and ceilings. [352.10(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(B) | PVC conduit shall be permitted to be encased in concrete. [352.10(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(C) | PVC conduit shall be permitted in locations subject to severe corrosive influences as covered in 300.6 and where subject to chemicals for which the materials are specifically approved. [352.10(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(C) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(D) | PVC conduit shall be permitted in cinder fill. [352.10(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(D) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(E) | PVC conduit shall be permitted in portions of dairies, laundries, canneries, or other wet locations, and in locations where walls are frequently washed, the entire conduit system, including boxes and fittings used therewith, shall be installed and equipped so as to prevent water from entering the conduit. All supports, bolts, straps, screws, and so forth, shall be of corrosion-resistant materials or be protected against corrosion by approved corrosion-resistant materials. [352.10(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(E) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(F) | PVC conduit shall be permitted for use in dry and damp locations not prohibited by 352.12. [352.10(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(F) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(G) | PVC conduit shall be permitted for exposed work. [352.10(G)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(G)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(G) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(H) | For underground installations, PVC shall be permitted for direct burial and underground encased in concrete. See 300.5 and 305.15. [352.10(H)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(H)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(H) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(I) | PVC conduit shall be permitted to support nonmetallic conduit bodies not larger than the largest trade size of an entering raceway. These conduit bodies shall not support luminaires or other equipment and shall not contain devices other than splicing devices as permitted by 110.14(B) and 314.16(C)(2). [352.10(I)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(I)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(I) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(J) | Conductors or cables rated at a temperature higher than the listed temperature rating of PVC conduit shall be permitted to be installed in PVC conduit, provided the conductors or cables are not operated at a temperature higher than the listed temperature rating of the PVC conduit. [352.10(J)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(J)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(J) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.10(K) | Where subject to physical damage, Schedule 80 PVC conduit, Schedule 80 PVC elbows, and listed fittings for PVC conduit shall be used. Informational Note: All listed PVC conduit fittings are suitable for connection to both Schedule 40 and Schedule 80 PVC conduit. [352.10(K)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(K)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.10(K) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.12 | PVC conduit shall not be used under the conditions specified in 352.12(A) through (E). [352.12](https://2023.antflix.net#352.12) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.12 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.12(A) | In any hazardous (classified) location, except as permitted by other articles of this Code. [352.12(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.12(B) | For the support of luminaires or other equipment not described in 352.10(1). [352.12(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.12(C) | Where subject to physical damage, except as permitted in 352.10(K). [352.12(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(C) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.12(D) | Where subject to ambient temperatures in excess of 50°C (122°F) unless listed otherwise. [352.12(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(D) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.12(E) | In theaters and similar locations, except as provided in 518.4 and 520.5. [352.12(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.12(E) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.20(A) | PVC conduit smaller than metric designator 16 (trade size 1/2) shall not be used. [352.20(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.20(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.20(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.20(B) | PVC conduit larger than metric designator 155 (trade size 6) shall not be used. Informational Note: See 300.1(C) for the trade sizes and metric designators that are for identification purposes only and do not relate to actual dimensions. [352.20(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.20(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.20(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.22 | The number of conductors shall not exceed that permitted by the percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9. Cables shall be permitted to be installed where such use is not prohibited by the respective cable articles. The number of cables shall not exceed the allowable percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9. [352.22](https://2023.antflix.net#352.22) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.22 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.24(A) | Bends shall be so made that the conduit will not be damaged and the internal diameter of the conduit will not be effectively reduced. Field bends shall be made only with identified bending equipment. The radius of the curve to the centerline of such bends shall not be less than shown in Table 2, Chapter 9. [352.24(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.24(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.24(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.24(B) | The total degrees of bends in a conduit run shall not exceed 360 degrees between pull points. [352.24(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.24(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.24(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.28 | All cut ends shall be trimmed inside and outside to remove rough edges. [352.28](https://2023.antflix.net#352.28) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.28 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.30 | PVC conduit shall be installed as a complete system as provided in 300.18 and shall be fastened so that movement from thermal expansion or contraction is permitted. PVC conduit shall be securely fastened and supported in accordance with 352.30(A) and (B). [352.30](https://2023.antflix.net#352.30) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.30 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.30(A) | PVC conduit shall be securely fastened within 900 mm (3 ft) of each outlet box, junction box, device box, conduit body, or other conduit termination. Conduit listed for securing at other than 900 mm (3 ft) shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with the listing. [352.30(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.30(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.30(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.30(B) | PVC conduit shall be supported as required in Table 352.30(B). Conduit listed for support at spacings other than as shown in Table 352.30(B) shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with the listing. Horizontal runs of PVC conduit supported by openings through framing members at intervals not exceeding those in Table 352.30(B) and securely fastened within 900 mm (3 ft) of termination points shall be permitted. Table 352.30(B) Support of Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit (PVC) Conduit Size Maximum Spacing Between Supports Metric Designator Trade Size mm or m ft 16—27 1/2—1 900 mm 3 35—53 11/4—2 1.5 m 5 63—78 21/2—3 1.8 m 6 91—129 31/2—5 2.1 m 7 155 6 2.5 m 8 [352.30(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.30(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.30(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.44(A) | Expansion fittings for PVC conduit shall be provided to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction where the length change, in accordance with Table 352.44(A), is expected to be 6 mm (1/4 in.) or greater in a straight run between securely mounted items such as boxes, cabinets, elbows, or other conduit terminations.Table 352.44(A) Expansion Characteristics of PVC Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit Coefficient of Thermal Expansion = 6.084 × 10—5 mm/mm/°C (3.38 × 10—5 in./in./°F) Temperature Change (°C) Length Change of PVC Conduit (mm/m) Temperature Change (°F) Length Change of PVC Conduit (in./100 ft) Temperature Change (°F) Length Change of PVC Conduit (in./100 ft) 5 0.30 5 0.20 105 4.26 10 0.61 10 0.41 110 4.46 15 0.91 15 0.61 115 4.66 20 1.22 20 0.81 120 4.87 25 1.52 25 1.01 125 5.07 30 1.83 30 1.22 130 5.27 35 2.13 35 1.42 135 5.48 40 2.43 40 1.62 140 5.68 45 2.74 45 1.83 145 5.88 50 3.04 50 2.03 150 6.08 55 3.35 55 2.23 155 6.29 60 3.65 60 2.43 160 6.49 65 3.95 65 2.64 165 6.69 70 4.26 70 2.84 170 6.90 75 4.56 75 3.04 175 7.10 80 4.87 80 3.24 180 7.30 85 5.17 85 3.45 185 7.50 90 5.48 90 3.65 190 7.71 95 5.78 95 3.85 195 7.91 100 6.08 100 4.06 200 8.1 1 [352.44(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.44(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.44(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.44(B) | Expansion fittings for underground runs of direct buried PVC conduit emerging from the ground shall be provided above grade when required to compensate for earth settling or movement, including frost heave. Informational Note: See 300.5(J). [352.44(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#352.44(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.44(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.46 | Where a conduit enters a box, fitting, or other enclosure, a bushing or adapter shall be provided to protect the wire from abrasion unless the box, fitting, or enclosure design provides equivalent protection. Informational Note: See 300.4(G) for the protection of conductors 4 AWG and larger at bushings. [352.46](https://2023.antflix.net#352.46) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.46 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.48 | All joints between lengths of conduit, and between conduit and couplings, fittings, and boxes, shall be made by an approved method. [352.48](https://2023.antflix.net#352.48) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.48 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.56 | Splices and taps shall be made in accordance with 300.15. [352.56](https://2023.antflix.net#352.56) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.56 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.60 | Where equipment grounding is required, separate grounding conductor shall be installed in the conduit.
Exception No. 1: The equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to be run separately from the circuit conductors as permitted in 250.134, Exception No. 2, for dc circuits and 250.134, Exception No. 1, for separately run equipment grounding conductors.
Exception No. 2: The equipment grounding conductor shall not be required where the grounded conductor is used to ground equipment as permitted in 250.142. [352.60](https://2023.antflix.net#352.60) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.60 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.100 | PVC conduit shall be made of rigid (nonplasticized) polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC conduit and fittings shall be composed of suitable nonmetallic material that is resistant to moisture and chemical atmospheres. For use aboveground, it shall also be flame retardant, resistant to impact and crushing, resistant to distortion from heat under conditions likely to be encountered in service, and resistant to low temperature and sunlight effects. For use underground, the material shall be acceptably resistant to moisture and corrosive agents and shall be of sufficient strength to withstand abuse, such as by impact and crushing, in handling and during installation. Where intended for direct burial, without encasement in concrete, the material shall also be capable of withstanding continued loading that is likely to be encountered after installation. [352.100](https://2023.antflix.net#352.100) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.100 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 352.120 | Each length of PVC conduit shall be clearly and durably marked at least every 3 m (10 ft) as required in the first sentence of 110.21(A). The type of material shall also be included in the marking unless it is visually identifiable. For conduit recognized for use aboveground, these markings shall be permanent. For conduit limited to underground use only, these markings shall be sufficiently durable to remain legible until the material is installed. Conduit shall be permitted to be surface marked to indicate special characteristics of the material. Informational Note: Examples of these markings include but are not limited to "limited smoke" and "sunlight resistant." [352.120](https://2023.antflix.net#352.120) | https://2023.antflix.net#352.120 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.1 | This article covers the use, installation, and construction specifications for high density polyethylene (HDPE) conduit and associated fittings. [353.1](https://2023.antflix.net#353.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.1 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.6 | HDPE conduit and associated fittings shall be listed. [353.6](https://2023.antflix.net#353.6) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.6 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.10 | The use of HDPE conduit shall be permitted under the following conditions: In discrete lengths or in continuous lengths from a reelIn locations subject to severe corrosive influences as covered in 300.6 and where subject to chemicals for which the conduit is listedIn cinder fillIn direct burial installations in earth or concreteInformational Note to (4): See 300.5 and 305.15 for underground installations.Above ground, except as prohibited in 353.12, where encased in not less than 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete.Conductors or cables rated at a temperature higher than the listed temperature rating of HDPE conduit shall be permitted to be installed in HDPE conduit, provided the conductors or cables are not operated at a temperature higher than the listed temperature rating of the HDPE conduit. [353.10](https://2023.antflix.net#353.10) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.10 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.12 | HDPE conduit shall not be used under the following conditions: Where exposedWithin a buildingIn any hazardous (classified) location, except as permitted by other articles in this CodeWhere subject to ambient temperatures in excess of 50°C (122°F) unless listed otherwise [353.12](https://2023.antflix.net#353.12) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.12 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.20(A) | HDPE conduit smaller than metric designator 16 (trade size 1/2) shall not be used. [353.20(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#353.20(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.20(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.20(B) | HDPE conduit larger than metric designator 155 (trade size 6) shall not be used. Informational Note: See 300.1(C) for the trade sizes and metric designators that are for identification purposes only and do not relate to actual dimensions. [353.20(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#353.20(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.20(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.22 | The number of conductors shall not exceed that permitted by the percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9. Cables shall be permitted to be installed where such use is not prohibited by the respective cable articles. The number of cables shall not exceed the allowable percentage fill specified in Table 1, Chapter 9. [353.22](https://2023.antflix.net#353.22) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.22 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.24(A) | Bends shall be so made that the conduit will not be damaged and the internal diameter of the conduit will not be effectively reduced. Bends shall be permitted to be made manually without auxiliary equipment, and the radius of the curve to the centerline of such bends shall not be less than shown in Table 354.24(A). For conduits of metric designators 129 and 155 (trade sizes 5 and 6), the allowable radii of bends shall be in accordance with specifications provided by the manufacturer. [353.24(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#353.24(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.24(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.24(B) | The total degrees of bends in a conduit run shall not exceed 360 degrees between pull points. [353.24(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#353.24(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.24(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.28 | All cut ends shall be trimmed inside and outside to remove rough edges. [353.28](https://2023.antflix.net#353.28) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.28 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.46 | Where a conduit enters a box, fitting, or other enclosure, a bushing or adapter shall be provided to protect the wire from abrasion unless the box, fitting, or enclosure design provides equivalent protection. Informational Note: See 300.4(G) for the protection of conductors 4 AWG and larger at bushings. [353.46](https://2023.antflix.net#353.46) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.46 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.48 | All joints between lengths of conduit and between conduit and couplings, fittings, and boxes shall be made by an approved method. Informational Note: HDPE conduit can be joined using either heat fusion, electrofusion, or mechanical fittings. [353.48](https://2023.antflix.net#353.48) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.48 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.56 | Splices and taps shall be made in accordance with 300.15. [353.56](https://2023.antflix.net#353.56) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.56 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.60 | Where equipment grounding is required, a separate grounding conductor shall be installed in the conduit. Exception No. 1: The equipment grounding conductor shall be permitted to be run separately from the conduit where used for grounding dc circuits as permitted in 250.134, Exception No. 2. Exception No. 2: The equipment grounding conductor shall not be required where the grounded conductor is used to ground equipment as permitted in 250.142. [353.60](https://2023.antflix.net#353.60) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.60 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.100 | HDPE conduit shall be composed of high density polyethylene that is resistant to moisture and chemical atmospheres. The material shall be resistant to moisture and corrosive agents and shall be of sufficient strength to withstand abuse, such as by impact and crushing, in handling and during installation. Where intended for direct burial, without encasement in concrete, the material shall also be capable of withstanding continued loading that is likely to be encountered after installation. [353.100](https://2023.antflix.net#353.100) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.100 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 353.120 | Each length of HDPE shall be clearly and durably marked at least every 3 m (10 ft) as required in 110.21. The type of material shall also be included in the marking. [353.120](https://2023.antflix.net#353.120) | https://2023.antflix.net#353.120 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 354.1 | This article covers the use, installation, and construction specifications for nonmetallic underground conduit with conductors (NUCC). [354.1](https://2023.antflix.net#354.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#354.1 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 354.6 | NUCC and associated fittings shall be listed. [354.6](https://2023.antflix.net#354.6) | https://2023.antflix.net#354.6 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 354.10 | The use of NUCC and fittings shall be permitted in the following: For direct burial underground installation (For minimum cover requirements, see Table 300.5(A) and Table 305.15(A).)Encased or embedded in concreteIn cinder fillIn underground locations subject to severe corrosive influences as covered in 300.6 and where subject to chemicals for which the assembly is specifically approvedAbove ground, except as prohibited in 354.12, where encased in not less than 50 mm (2 in.) of concrete [354.10](https://2023.antflix.net#354.10) | https://2023.antflix.net#354.10 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 354.12 | NUCC shall not be used in the following: In exposed locationsInside buildingsException: The conductor or the cable portion of the assembly, where suitable, shall be permitted to extend within the building for termination purposes in accordance with 300.3.In any hazardous (classified) location, except as permitted by other articles of this Code [354.12](https://2023.antflix.net#354.12) | https://2023.antflix.net#354.12 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 354.20(A) | NUCC smaller than metric designator 16 (trade size 1/2) shall not be used. [354.20(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#354.20(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#354.20(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 354.20(B) | NUCC larger than metric designator 103 (trade size 4) shall not be used. Informational Note: See 300.1(C) for the metric designators and trade sizes. These are for identification purposes only and do not relate to actual dimensions. [354.20(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#354.20(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#354.20(B) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 354.22 | The number of conductors or cables shall not exceed that permitted by the percentage fill in Table 1, Chapter 9. [354.22](https://2023.antflix.net#354.22) | https://2023.antflix.net#354.22 |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 354.24(A) | Bends shall be manually made so that the conduit will not be damaged and the internal diameter of the conduit will not be effectively reduced. The radius of the curve of the centerline of such bends shall not be less than shown in Table 354.24(A).
Table 354.24(A) Minimum Bending Radius for Nonmetallic Underground Conduit with Conductors (NUCC)
Conduit Size
Minimum Bending Radius
Metric Designator
Trade Size
mm
ft
16
1/2
250
10
21
3/4
300
12
27
1
350
14
35
11/4
450
18
41
11/2
500
20
53
2
650
26
63
21/2
900
36
78
3
1200
48
103
4
1500
60
[354.24(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#354.24(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#354.24(A) |
Chapter 3 Wiring Methods and Materials | 354.24(B) | The total degrees of bends in a conduit run shall not exceed 360 degrees between pull points. [354.24(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#354.24(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#354.24(B) |
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