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Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.11(D) | A disconnecting means in accordance with Parts VI through VII of Article 230 shall be provided to disconnect all ungrounded conductors of a power production source from the conductors of other systems. [705.11(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.11(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.11(D) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.11(E) | All metal enclosures, metal wiring methods, and metal parts associated with the service connected to a power production source shall be bonded in accordance with Parts II through V and VIII of Article 250. [705.11(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.11(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.11(E) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.11(F) | The power production source service conductors shall be protected from overcurrent in accordance with Part VII of Article 230. The rating of the overcurrent protection device of the power production source service disconnecting means shall be used to determine if ground-fault protection of equipment is required in accordance with 230.95. [705.11(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.11(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.11(F) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.12 | The output of an interconnected electric power source shall be permitted to be connected to the load side of the service disconnecting means of the other source(s) at any distribution equipment on the premises. Where distribution equipment or feeders are fed simultaneously by a primary source of electricity and one or more other power source(s), the feeders or distribution equipment shall comply with relevant sections of 705.12(A) and (B). Currents from power source connections to feeders or busbars shall be based on the maximum circuit currents calculated in 705.28(A). The ampacity of feeders and taps shall comply with 705.12(A), and the ampere ratings of busbars shall comply with 705.12(B). [705.12](https://2023.antflix.net#705.12) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.12 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.12(A) | Where the power source output connection is made to a feeder, the following shall apply: The feeder ampacity is greater than or equal to 125 percent of the power-source output circuit current.Where the power-source output connection is made at a location other than the opposite end of the feeder from the primary source overcurrent device, that portion of the feeder on the load side of the power source output connection shall be protected by one of the following:The feeder ampacity shall be not less than the sum of the rating of the primary source overcurrent device and 125 percent of the power-source output circuit current.An overcurrent device at the load side of the power source connection point shall be rated not greater than the ampacity of the feeder.For taps sized in accordance with 240.21(B)(2) or (B)(4). the ampacity of taps conductors shall not be less than one-third of the sum of the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the feeder plus the ratings of any power source overcurrent devices connected to the feeder. [705.12(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.12(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.12(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.12(B) | For power source connections to distribution equipment with no specific listing and instructions for combining multiple sources, one of the following methods shall be used to determine the required ampere ratings of busbars: The sum of 125 percent of the power source(s) output circuit current and the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the busbar shall not exceed the busbar ampere rating.Informational Note: This general rule assumes no limitation in the number of the loads or sources applied to busbars or their locations.Where two sources, one a primary power source and the other another power source, are located at opposite ends of a busbar that contains loads, the sum of 125 percent of the power-source(s) output circuit current and the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the busbar shall not exceed 120 percent of the busbar ampere rating. The busbar shall be sized for the loads connected in accordance with Article 220. A permanent warning label shall be applied to the distribution equipment adjacent to the back-fed breaker from the power source that displays the following or equivalent wording:WARNING:POWER SOURCE OUTPUT DO NOT RELOCATETHIS OVERCURRENT DEVICE.The warning sign(s) or label(s) shall comply with 110.21(B).The sum of the ampere ratings of all overcurrent devices on panelboards, both load and supply devices, excluding the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the busbar, shall not exceed the ampacity of the busbar. The rating of the overcurrent device protecting the busbar shall not exceed the rating of the busbar. Permanent warning labels shall be applied to distribution equipment displaying the following or equivalent wording:WARNING:EQUIPMENT FED BY MULTIPLE SOURCES. TOTALRATING OF ALL OVERCURRENT DEVICES EXCLUDINGMAIN SUPPLY OVERCURRENT DEVICE SHALLNOT EXCEED AMPACITY OF BUSBAR.The warning sign(s) or label(s) shall comply with 110.21(B).A connection at either end of a center-fed panelboard in dwellings shall be permitted where the sum of 125 percent of the power-source(s) output circuit current and the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the busbar does not exceed 120 percent of the busbar ampere rating.Connections shall be permitted on busbars of panelboards that supply lugs connected to feed-through conductors or are supplied by feed-through conductors. The feed-through conductors shall be sized in accordance with 705.12(A). Where an overcurrent device is installed at either end of the feed-through conductors, panelboard busbars on either side of the feed-through conductors shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 705.12(B)(1) through (B)(3).Connections shall be permitted on switchgear, switchboards, and panelboards in configurations other than those permitted in 705.12(B)(1) through (B)(5) where designed under engineering supervision that includes available fault-current and busbar load calculations.Informational Note: Specifically designed equipment exists, listed to UL 1741, Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources, for the combination and distribution of sources to supply loads. The options provided in 705.12(B) are for equipment with no specific listing for combining sources. [705.12(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.12(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.12(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.13 | An EMS in accordance with 750.30 shall be permitted to limit current and loading on the busbars and conductors supplied by the output of one or more interconnected electric power production or energy storage sources. Informational Note: A listed power control system (PCS) is a type of EMS that is capable of monitoring multiple power sources and controlling the current on busbars and conductors to prevent overloading. See UL 1741, Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use with Distributed Energy Resources, and UL 916, Energy Management Equipment, for information on PCS and EMS. [705.13](https://2023.antflix.net#705.13) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.13 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.20 | Means shall be provided to disconnect power source output conductors of electric power production equipment from conductors of other systems. A single disconnecting means shall be permitted to disconnect multiple power sources from conductors of other systems. Informational Note: See 480.7, Part II of Article 445, Part III of Article 690, Part III of Article 692, Part III of Article 694, and Part II of Article 706 for specific source disconnecting means requirements. The disconnecting means shall comply with the following:Be one of the following types:A manually operable switch or circuit breakerA load-break-rated pull-out switchA power-operated or remote-controlled switch or circuit breaker that is manually operable locally and opens automatically when control power is interruptedA device listed or approved for the intended applicationSimultaneously disconnect all ungrounded conductors of the circuitLocated where readily accessibleExternally operable without exposed live partsPlainly indicate whether in the open (off) or closed (on) positionHave ratings sufficient for the maximum circuit current, available fault current, and voltage that is available at the terminalsWhere the line and load terminals are capable of being energized in the open position, be marked with the following words or equivalent:WARNING ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD TERMINALS ON THELINE AND LOAD SIDES MAY BE ENERGIZED IN THEOPEN POSITION.Informational Note: With interconnected power sources, some equipment, including switches and fuses, is capable of being energized from both directions. [705.20](https://2023.antflix.net#705.20) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.20 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.25 | Power source output conductors shall comply with 705.25(A) through (C). [705.25](https://2023.antflix.net#705.25) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.25 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.25(A) | Wiring methods and fittings listed for use with power production systems shall be permitted in addition to general wiring methods and fittings permitted elsewhere in this Code. [705.25(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.25(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.25(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.25(B) | Flexible cords and cables, where used to connect the moving parts of power production equipment, or where used for ready removal for maintenance and repair, shall be listed and identified as DG cable, or other cable suitable for extra hard use, and shall be water resistant. Cables exposed to sunlight shall be sunlight resistant. Flexible, fine-stranded cables shall be terminated only with terminals, lugs, devices, or connectors in accordance with 110.14(A). [705.25(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.25(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.25(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.25(C) | Multiconductor cable assemblies used in accordance with their listings shall be permitted. Informational Note: See UL 3003, Distributed Generation Cables. and UL 9703, Outline of Investigation for Distributed Generation Wiring Harnesses, for additional information on DG cable (distributed generation cable) and harnesses. An ac module harness is one example of a multiconductor cable assemble. [705.25(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.25(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.25(C) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.28(A) | Where not elsewhere required or permitted in this Code, the maximum current for power sources shall be calculated using one of the following methods: The sum of the continuous output current ratings of the power production equipment at the circuit nominal system voltageFor power production equipment controlled by an EMS, the current setpoint of the EMSWhere sources controlled by an EMS are combined with other sources on the same power source output circuit, the sum of 705.28(A)(1) and (A)(2) [705.28(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.28(B) | Where not elsewhere required or permitted in this Code, the power source output conductors shall have an ampacity not less than the larger of the following and comply with 110.14(C): The maximum currents in 705.28(A) multiplied by 125 percent without adjustment or correction factorsException No. 1: If the assembly, including the overcurrent devices protecting the circuit, is listed for operation at 100 percent of its rating, the ampacity of the conductors shall be permitted to be not less than the calculated maximum current of 705.28(A).Exception No. 2: Where a portion of a circuit is connected at both its supply and load ends to separately installed pressure connections as covered in 110.14(C)(2), it shall be permitted to have an ampacity not less than the calculated maximum current of 705.28(A). No portion of the circuit installed under this exception shall extend into an enclosure containing either the circuit supply or the circuit load terminations, as covered in 110.14(C)(1).Exception No. 3: Grounded conductors that are not connected to an overcurrent device shall be permitted to be sized at 100 percent of the calculated maximum current of 705.28(A).The maximum currents in 705.28(A) after the application of adjustment and correction factors in accordance with 310.14Where connected to feeders, if smaller than the feeder conductors, the ampacity as calculated in 240.21(B) based on the over-current device protecting the feeder [705.28(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.28(C) | Neutral conductors shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with either 705.28(C)(1) or (C)(2). [705.28(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(C) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.28(C)(1) | Where not elsewhere required or permitted in this Code, the ampacity of a neutral conductor to which a single-phase line-to-neutral power source is connected shall not be smaller than the ampacity in 705.28(B). [705.28(C)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(C)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(C)(1) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.28(C)(2) | A power production equipment neutral conductor used solely for instrumentation, voltage detection, or phase detection shall be permitted to be sized in accordance with 250.102. [705.28(C)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(C)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.28(C)(2) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.30(A) | Power source output conductors and equipment shall be provided with overcurrent protection. Circuits connected to more than one electrical source shall have overcurrent devices located to provide overcurrent protection from all sources. [705.30(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.30(B) | The overcurrent devices in other than generator systems shall be sized to carry not less than 125 percent of the maximum currents as calculated in 705.28(A). The rating or setting of overcurrent devices shall be permitted in accordance with 240.4(B) and (C). Exception: Circuits containing an assembly together with its overcurrent device(s) that is listed for continuous operation at 100 percent of its rating shall be permitted to be utilized at 100 percent of its rating. [705.30(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.30(C) | Equipment containing overcurrent devices supplied from interconnected power sources shall be marked to indicate the presence of all sources. [705.30(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(C) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.30(D) | Fused disconnects, unless otherwise marked, shall be considered suitable for backfeed. Circuit breakers not marked "line" and "load" shall be considered suitable for backfeed. Circuit breakers marked "line" and "load" shall be considered suitable for backfeed or reverse current if specifically rated. [705.30(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(D) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.30(E) | Listed plug-in-type circuit breakers backfed from electric power sources that are listed and identified as interactive shall be permitted to omit the additional fastener normally required by 408.36(D) for such applications. [705.30(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(E) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.30(F) | The following apply to the installation of transformers: For the purpose of overcurrent protection, the primary side of transformers with sources on each side shall be the side connected to the largest source of available fault current.Transformer secondary conductors shall be protected in accordance with 240.21 (C). [705.30(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.30(F) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.32 | Where ground-fault protection of equipment is installed in ac circuits as required elsewhere in this Code, the output of interconnected power production equipment shall be connected to the supply side of the ground-fault protection equipment. Exception: Connection of power production equipment shall be permitted to be made to the load side of ground-fault protection equipment where installed in accordance with 705.11 or where there is ground-fault protection for equipment from all ground-fault current sources. [705.32](https://2023.antflix.net#705.32) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.32 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.40 | The output of interactive electric power production equipment shall be automatically disconnected from all ungrounded conductors of the primary source when one or more of the phases of the primary source to which it is connected opens. The interactive electric power production equipment shall not be reconnected to the primary source until all the phases of the primary source to which it is connected are restored. This requirement shall not be applicable to electric power production equipment providing power to an emergency or legally required standby system. Exception: A listed interactive inverter shall trip or shall be permitted to automatically cease exporting power when one or more of the phases of the interconnected primary source opens and shall not be required to automatically disconnect all ungrounded conductors from the primary source. A listed interactive inverter shall be permitted to automatically or manually resume exporting power to the interconnected system once all phases of the source to which it is connected are restored. Informational Note No. 1: Risks to personnel and equipment associated with the primary source could occur if an interactive electric power production source can operate as an intentional island. Special detection methods are required to determine that a primary source supply system outage has occurred and whether there should be automatic disconnection. When the primary source supply system is restored, special detection methods are typically required to limit exposure of power production sources to out-of-phase reconnection. Informational Note No. 2: Induction-generating equipment connected on systems with significant capacitance can become self-excited upon loss of the primary source and experience severe overvoltage as a result. Interactive power production equipment shall be permitted to operate in island mode to supply loads that have been disconnected from the electric utility or other electric power production and distribution network. [705.40](https://2023.antflix.net#705.40) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.40 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.45(A) | Single-phase power sources in interactive systems shall be connected to 3-phase power systems in order to limit unbalanced voltages at the point of interconnection to not more than 3 percent. Informational Note: For interactive power sources, unbalanced voltages can be minimized by the same methods that are used for single-phase loads on a 3-phase power system. See ANSI/ C84.1-2016, Electric Power Systems and Equipment - Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz). [705.45(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.45(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.45(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.45(B) | Three-phase power sources in interactive systems shall have all phases automatically de-energized upon loss of, or unbalanced, voltage in one or more phases unless the interconnected system is designed so that significant unbalanced voltages will not result. [705.45(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#705.45(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.45(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.50 | Interconnected microgrid systems shall be capable of operating in interactive mode with a primary source of power, or electric utility, or other electric power production and distribution network. Microgrid systems shall be permitted to disconnect from other sources and operate in island mode. Informational Note No. 1: Microgrid systems often include a single source or a compatible interconnection of multiple sources such as engine generators, solar PV, wind, or ESS. Informational Note No. 2: See Article 517 for health care facilities incorporating microgrids. [705.50](https://2023.antflix.net#705.50) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.50 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.60 | Connections to primary power sources that are external to the microgrid system shall comply with the requirements of 705.11, 705.12, or 705.13. Power source conductors connecting to a microgrid system, including conductors supplying distribution equipment, shall be considered as power source output conductors. [705.60](https://2023.antflix.net#705.60) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.60 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.65 | Microgrid systems that reconnect to primary power sources shall be provided with the necessary equipment to establish a synchronous transition. [705.65](https://2023.antflix.net#705.65) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.65 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.70 | Microgrid interconnect devices shall comply with the following: Be required for any connection between a microgrid system and a primary power sourceBe evaluated for the application and have a field label applied or be listed for the applicationHave overcurrent devices located to provide overcurrent protection from all sourcesInformational Note: MID functionality is often incorporated in an interactive or multimode inverter, energy storage system, or similar device identified for interactive operation. [705.70](https://2023.antflix.net#705.70) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.70 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.76 | Microgrid control systems shall comply with the following: Coordinate interaction between multiple power sources of similar or different types, manufacturers, and technologies (including energy storage)Be evaluated for the application and have a field label applied, or be listed, or be designed under engineering supervisionMonitor and control microgrid power production and power qualityMonitor and control transitions with a primary source external to the microgridInformational Note: MID functionality is often incorporated in an interactive or multimode inverter, energy storage system, or similar device identified for interactive operation. [705.76](https://2023.antflix.net#705.76) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.76 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.80 | For interconnected power production sources that operate in island mode, capacity shall be calculated using the sum of all power source output maximum currents for the connected power production source. [705.80](https://2023.antflix.net#705.80) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.80 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.81 | Power sources operating in island mode shall be controlled so that voltage and frequency are supplied within limits compatible with the connected loads. [705.81](https://2023.antflix.net#705.81) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.81 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 705.82 | Systems operating in island mode shall be permitted to supply 120 volts to single-phase, 3-wire, 120/240-volt distribution equipment where there are no 240-volt outlets and where there are no multiwire branch circuits. In all installations, the sum of the ratings of the power sources shall be less than the rating of the neutral bus in the distribution equipment. This equipment shall be marked with the following words or equivalent: WARNING:SINGLE 120-VOLT SUPPLYDO NOT CONNECT MULTIWIRE BRANCH CIRCUITS The warning sign(s) or label(s) shall comply with 110.21(B). [705.82](https://2023.antflix.net#705.82) | https://2023.antflix.net#705.82 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.1 | This article applies to all energy storage systems (ESS) having a capacity greater than 3.6 MJ (1 kWh) that may be stand-alone or interactive with other electric power production sources. These systems are primarily intended to store and provide energy during normal operating conditions. Informational Note No. 1: See Article 480 for installations that meet the definition of stationary standby batteries. Informational Note No. 2: For batteries rated in ampere hours, kWh is equal to the nominal rated voltage times ampere-hour rating divided by 1000. Informational Note No. 3: The following standards are frequently referenced for the installation of ESSs:NFPA 1-2021, Fire CodeNFPA 111-2019, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power SystemsNECA 416-2016, Recommended Practice for Installing Energy Storage Systems (ESS)UL 810A, Electrochemical CapacitorsNFPA 855-2020, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage SystemsUL 1973, Standard for Batteries for Use in Stationary, Vehicle Auxiliary Power, and Light Electric Rail (LER) ApplicationsUL 1989, Standard for Standby BatteriesUL 9540, Standard for Safety Energy Storage Systems and EquipmentUL Subject 2436, Spill Containment For Stationary Lead Acid Battery Systems [706.1](https://2023.antflix.net#706.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.1 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.3 | The installation and maintenance of ESS equipment and all associated wiring and interconnections shall be performed only by qualified persons. Informational Note: See Article 100 for the definition of qualified person. [706.3](https://2023.antflix.net#706.3) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.3 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.4 | Each ESS shall be provided with a nameplate plainly visible after installation and marked with the following: Manufacturer's name, trademark, or other descriptive marking by which the organization responsible for supplying the ESS can be identifiedRated frequencyNumber of phases, if acRating (kW or kVA)Available fault current derived by the ESS at the output terminalsMaximum output and input current of the ESS at the output terminalsMaximum output and input voltage of the ESS at the output terminalsUtility-interactive capability, if applicable [706.4](https://2023.antflix.net#706.4) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.4 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.5 | Energy storage systems shall be listed. [706.5](https://2023.antflix.net#706.5) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.5 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.6 | Multiple ESSs shall be permitted to be installed on the same premises. [706.6](https://2023.antflix.net#706.6) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.6 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.7(A) | ESSs shall be commissioned upon installation. This shall not apply in one- and two-family dwellings. Informational Note: See NFPA 855-2020, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems, for information related to the commissioning of ESSs. [706.7(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.7(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.7(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.7(B) | ESSs shall be maintained in proper and safe operating condition. The required maintenance shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements and industry standards. A written record of the system maintenance shall be kept and shall include records of repairs and replacements necessary to maintain the system in proper and safe operating condition. This shall not apply in one- and two-family dwellings. Informational Note: See NFPA 70B-2019, Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance, or ANSI/NETA ATS-2017, Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems, for information related to general electrical equipment maintenance and developing an effective electrical preventive maintenance (EPM) program. [706.7(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.7(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.7(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.9 | The maximum voltage of an ESS shall be the rated ESS input and output voltage(s) indicated on the ESS nameplate(s) or system listing. [706.9](https://2023.antflix.net#706.9) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.9 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.15(A) | Means shall be provided to disconnect the ESS from all wiring systems, including other power systems, utilization equipment, and its associated premises wiring. [706.15(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.15(B) | The disconnecting means shall be readily accessible and shall comply with one or more of the following: Located within the ESSLocated within sight and within 3 m (10 ft) from the ESSWhere not located within sight of the ESS, the disconnecting means, or the enclosure providing access to the disconnecting means, shall be capable of being locked in accordance with 110.25Where controls to activate the disconnecting means of an ESS are used and are not located within sight of the ESS, the disconnecting means shall be lockable in accordance with 110.25, and the location of the controls shall be marked on the disconnecting means.For one- and two-family dwellings, an ESS shall include an emergency shutdown function to cease the export of power from the ESS to premises wiring of other systems. An initiation device(s) shall be located at a readily accessible location outside the building and shall plainly indicate whether in the "off" or "on" position. The "off" position of the device(s) shall perform the ESS emergency shutdown function. [706.15(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.15(C) | Each ESS disconnecting means shall plainly indicate whether it is in the open (off) or closed (on) position and be permanently marked as follows: "ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM DISCONNECT" The disconnecting means shall be legibly marked in the field to indicate the following:Nominal ESS output voltageAvailable fault current derived from the ESSAn arc-flash label applied in accordance with acceptable industry practiceDate the calculation was performedException: List items (2), (3), and (4) shall not apply to one- and two- family dwellings.Informational Note No. 1: See NFPA 70E-2018, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, for industry practices for equipment labeling. This standard provides specific criteria for developing arc-flash labels for equipment that provides nominal system voltage, incident energy levels, arc-flash boundaries, minimum required levels of personal protective equipment, and so forth.Informational Note No. 2: ESS electronics could include inverters or other types of power conversion equipment.For ESS disconnecting means where the line and load terminals could be energized in the open position, the device shall be marked with the following words or equivalent:WARNINGELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARDTERMINALS ON THE LINE AND LOAD SIDES MAY BEENERGIZED IN THE OPEN POSITIONThe notification(s) and marking(s) shall comply with 110.21(B). [706.15(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(C) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.15(D) | Where circuits from the input or output terminals of energy storage components in an ESS pass through a wall, floor, or ceiling, a readily accessible disconnecting means shall be provided within sight of the energy storage component. Fused disconnecting means or circuit breakers shall be permitted to be used. [706.15(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(D) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.15(E) | In cases where the battery is separate from the ESS electronics and is subject to field servicing, 706.15(E)(1) through (E)(4) shall apply. Informational Note: Batteries could include an enclosure, battery monitoring and controls, or other related battery components. [706.15(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.15(E)(1) | A disconnecting means shall be provided for all ungrounded conductors. A disconnecting means shall be readily accessible and located within sight of the battery. Informational Note: See 240.21(H) for information on the location of the overcurrent device for battery conductors. [706.15(E)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E)(1) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.15(E)(2) | Battery circuits exceeding 240 volts dc nominal between conductors or to ground shall have provisions to disconnect the series-connected strings into segments not exceeding 240 volts dc nominal for maintenance by qualified persons. Non-load-break bolted or plug-in disconnects shall be permitted. [706.15(E)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E)(2) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.15(E)(3) | Where a disconnecting means is provided with remote controls to activate the disconnecting means and the controls for the disconnecting means are not located within sight of the battery, the disconnecting means shall be capable of being locked in the open position, in accordance with 110.25, and the location of the controls shall be field marked on the disconnecting means. [706.15(E)(3)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E)(3)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E)(3) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.15(E)(4) | The disconnecting means shall be legibly marked in the field. The marking shall be of sufficient durability to withstand the environment involved and shall include the following: Nominal battery voltageAvailable fault current derived from the stationary standby battery systemInformational Note No. 1: Battery equipment suppliers can provide information about available fault current on any particular battery model.An arc-flash label in accordance with acceptable industry practiceInformational Note No. 2: See NFPA 70E-2021, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, for assistance in determining the severity of potential exposure, planning safe work practices, determining arc-flash labeling, and selecting personal protective equipment.Date the calculation was performed [706.15(E)(4)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E)(4)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.15(E)(4) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.16 | The connection of an ESS to sources of energy shall comply with 706.16(A) through (F). [706.16](https://2023.antflix.net#706.16) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.16 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.16(A) | A disconnect that has multiple sources of power shall disconnect all energy sources when in the off position. [706.16(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.16(B) | ESS that operate in parallel with other ac sources shall use inverters that are listed and identified as interactive. [706.16(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.16(C) | Upon loss of a primary source of power, an ESS with a utility-interactive inverter shall comply with the requirements of 705.40. [706.16(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(C) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.16(D) | Unbalanced ac connections between an ESS and other ac electric power production sources shall be in accordance with 705.45 [706.16(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(D) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.16(E) | The connection of an ESS to other energy sources shall be in accordance with 705.12. [706.16(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(E) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.16(F) | Where the output of an ESS is capable of operating in stand-alone mode, the requirements of 710.15 shall apply. [706.16(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.16(F) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.20(A) | Provisions appropriate to the energy storage technology shall be made for sufficient diffusion and ventilation of any possible gases from the storage device, if present, to prevent the accumulation of an explosive mixture. Ventilation of an ESS shall be permitted to be provided in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and listing for the system. Informational Note No. 1: See NFPA 855-2020, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems, for technology-specific guidance. Not all ESS technologies require ventilation. Informational Note No. 2: See IEEE 1635-2018/ASHRAE Guideline 21-2018, Guide for the Ventilation and Thermal Management of Batteries for Stationary Applications, as a source for design of ventilation of batteries. [706.20(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.20(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.20(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.20(B) | An ESS for one- and two-family dwelling units shall not exceed 100 volts dc between conductors or to ground. Exception: Where live parts are not accessible during routine ESS maintenance, a maximum ESS voltage of 600 volts dc shall be permitted. [706.20(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.20(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.20(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.20(C)(1) | Working spaces for ESS shall comply with 110.26 and 110.34. [706.20(C)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.20(C)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.20(C)(1) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.20(C)(2) | ESSs shall be permitted to have space between components in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and listing. Informational Note: Additional space may be needed to accommodate ESS hoisting equipment, tray removal, or spill containment. [706.20(C)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.20(C)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.20(C)(2) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.21 | ESS shall be indicated by markings or labels that shall be in accordance with 110.21(B). [706.21](https://2023.antflix.net#706.21) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.21 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.21(A) | Plaques or directories shall be installed in accordance with 705.10. [706.21(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.21(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.21(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.21(B) | Plaques or directories shall be installed in accordance with 710.10. [706.21(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.21(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.21(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.30(A) | The maximum current for the specific circuit shall be calculated in accordance with 706.30(A)(1) through (A)(5). [706.30(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.30(A)(1) | Circuit current shall be the rated current indicated on the ESS nameplate(s) or system listing. Where the ESS has separate input (charge) and output (discharge) circuits or ratings, these shall be considered individually. Where the same terminals on the ESS are used for charging and discharging, the rated current shall be the greater of the two. [706.30(A)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(1) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.30(A)(2) | The maximum current shall be the inverter continuous output current rating. [706.30(A)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(2) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.30(A)(3) | The maximum current shall be the continuous inverter input current rating when the inverter is producing rated power at the lowest input voltage. [706.30(A)(3)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(3)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(3) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.30(A)(4) | The maximum current shall be the continuous ac output current rating of the inverter when the inverter is producing rated power. [706.30(A)(4)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(4)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(4) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.30(A)(5) | The maximum current shall be the dc-to-dc converter continuous output current rating. [706.30(A)(5)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(5)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(A)(5) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.30(B) | The ampacity of the output circuit conductors of the ESS(s) connected to the wiring system serving the loads to be serviced by the system shall not be less than the greater of the nameplate(s)-rated circuit current as determined in accordance with 706.30(A)(1) or the rating of the ESS(s) overcurrent protective device(s). [706.30(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.30(C) | If the output of a single-phase, 2-wire ESS output(s) is connected to the grounded or neutral conductor and a single ungrounded conductor of a 3-wire system or of a 3-phase, 4-wire, wye-connected system, the maximum unbalanced neutral load current plus the ESS(s) output rating shall not exceed the ampacity of the grounded or neutral conductor. [706.30(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.30(C) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.31(A) | Protection devices for ESS circuits shall be in accordance with 706.31(B) through (F). Circuits shall be protected at the source from overcurrent. A circuit conductor connected at one end to a supply with integral fault protection, where the conductor is rated for the maximum circuit current from that supply, and also connected to sources having an available maximum circuit current greater than the ampacity of the conductor, shall be protected from overcurrent at the point of connection to the higher current source. Informational Note: Listed electronic power converter circuits powered by an ESS have integral fault protection. Where these circuits are connected to higher current sources such as a utility service, the overcurrent device is more appropriately installed at the higher current source end of the circuit conductor. [706.31(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.31(B) | Overcurrent protective devices, where required, shall be not less than 125 percent of the maximum currents calculated in 706.30(A). Exception: Where the assembly, including the overcurrent protective devices, is listed for operation at 100 percent of its rating, the ampere rating of the overcurrent devices shall be permitted to be not less than the maximum currents calculated in 706.30(B). [706.31(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.31(C) | Overcurrent protective devices, either fuses or circuit breakers, used in any dc portion of an ESS shall be listed for dc and shall have the appropriate voltage, current, and interrupting ratings for the application. [706.31(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(C) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.31(D) | A listed and labeled current-limiting overcurrent protective device shall be installed adjacent to the ESS for each dc output circuit. Exception: Where current-limiting overcurrent protection is provided for the dc output circuits of a listed ESS, additional current-limiting overcurrent devices shall not be required. [706.31(D)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(D)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(D) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.31(E) | Means shall be provided to disconnect any fuses associated with ESS equipment and components when the fuse is energized from both directions and is accessible to other than qualified persons. Switches, pullouts, or similar devices that are rated for the application shall be permitted to serve as a means to disconnect fuses from all sources of supply. [706.31(E)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(E)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(E) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.31(F) | Where circuits from the input or output terminals of energy storage components in an ESS pass through a wall, floor, or ceiling, overcurrent protection shall be provided at the energy storage component end of the circuit. [706.31(F)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(F)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.31(F) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.33(A) | Provisions shall be provided to control the charging process of the ESS. All adjustable means for control of the charging process shall be accessible only to qualified persons. [706.33(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.33(B)(1) | An ESS employing a diversion charge controller as the sole means of regulating charging shall be equipped with a second independent means to prevent overcharging of the storage device. [706.33(B)(1)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(B)(1)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(B)(1) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.33(B)(2) | Circuits containing a diversion charge controller and a diversion load shall comply with the following: The current rating of the diversion load shall be less than or equal to the current rating of the diversion load charge controller. The voltage rating of the diversion load shall be greater than the maximum ESS voltage. The power rating of the diversion load shall be at least 150 percent of the power rating of the charging source.The conductor ampacity and the rating of the overcurrent device for this circuit shall be at least 150 percent of the maximum current rating of the diversion charge controller. [706.33(B)(2)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(B)(2)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(B)(2) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.33(B)(3) | Systems using interactive inverters to control energy storage state-of-charge by diverting excess power into an alternate electric power production and distribution system, such as utility, shall comply with 706.33(B)(3)(a) and (B)(3)(b). These systems shall not be required to comply with 706.33(B)(2).These systems shall have a second, independent means of controlling the ESS charging process for use when the alternate system is not available or when the primary charge controller fails or is disabled. [706.33(B)(3)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(B)(3)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(B)(3) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.33(C) | Where charge controllers and other DC-to-DC power converters that increase or decrease the output current or output voltage with respect to the input current or input voltage are installed, all of the following shall apply: The ampacity of the conductors in output circuits shall be based on the maximum rated continuous output current of the charge controller or converter for the selected output voltage range.The voltage rating of the output circuits shall be based on the maximum voltage output of the charge controller or converter for the selected output voltage range. [706.33(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.33(C) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | V | Part V applies to ESSs composed of or containing flow batteries. Informational Note: Due to the unique design features and difference in operating characteristics of flow batteries as compared with that of storage batteries such as lead acid or lithium ion batteries, the requirements for flow batteries have been included herein (Article 706, Part V). [V](https://2023.antflix.net#V) | https://2023.antflix.net#V |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.40 | The system and system components shall also meet Parts I, II, and III of this article. Informational Note: See NFPA 855-2020, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems, for installation requirements for ESS, including requirements for flow batteries. [706.40](https://2023.antflix.net#706.40) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.40 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.41 | The electrolyte(s) that are acceptable for use in the batteries associated with the ESS shall be identified by name and chemical composition. Such identification shall be provided by readily discernable signage adjacent to every location in the system where the electrolyte can be put into or taken out of the system. [706.41](https://2023.antflix.net#706.41) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.41 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.42 | Flow battery systems shall be provided with a means for electrolyte containment to prevent spills of electrolyte from the system. An alarm system shall be provided to signal an electrolyte leak from the system. Electrical wiring and connections shall be located and routed in a manner that mitigates the potential for exposure to electrolytes. [706.42](https://2023.antflix.net#706.42) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.42 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.43 | Controls shall be provided to safely shut down the system in the event of electrolyte blockage. [706.43](https://2023.antflix.net#706.43) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.43 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.44 | Pumps and other fluid handling equipment are to be rated/specified suitable for exposure to the electrolytes. [706.44](https://2023.antflix.net#706.44) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.44 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | divider_21_VI | Part VI Applies to ESSs Using Other Technologies Intended to Store Energy and When There Is a Demand for Electrical Power to Use the Stored Energy to Generate the Needed Power [divider_21_VI](https://2023.antflix.net#divider_21_VI) | https://2023.antflix.net#divider_21_VI |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.50 | All electrical connections to and from the system and system components shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Code. The systems shall comply with Parts I, II, III, and IV of this article. [706.50](https://2023.antflix.net#706.50) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.50 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 706.51 | Flywheel ESS (FESS) using flywheels as the storage mechanism shall also comply with all of the following: FESS shall not be used for one- or two-family dwelling units.Informational Note No. 1: FESS are intended for high-power shorter term applications. They contain parts that rotate under high speed with hazardous kinetic energy and include parts such as magnetic bearings that require ongoing monitoring and maintenance and, therefore, are not suitable for residential-type applications.FESS shall be provided with bearing monitoring and controls that can identify bearing wear or damage to avoid catastrophic failure.Informational Note No. 2: The bearing monitoring controls should be evaluated as part of the listing evaluation.FESS shall be provided with a containment means to contain moving parts that could break from the system upon catastrophic failure.Informational Note No. 3: The containment means should be evaluated as part of the listing evaluation.The spin-down time of the FESS shall be provided in the maintenance documentation. [706.51](https://2023.antflix.net#706.51) | https://2023.antflix.net#706.51 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 708.1 | This article applies to the installation, operation, monitoring, control, and maintenance of the portions of the premises wiring system intended to supply, distribute, and control electricity to designated critical operations areas (DCOA) in the event of disruption to elements of the normal system. Critical operations power systems are those systems so classed by municipal, state, federal, or other codes by any governmental agency having jurisdiction or by facility engineering documentation establishing the necessity for such a system. These systems include but are not limited to power systems, HVAC, fire alarm, security, communications, and signaling for designated critical operations areas. Informational Note No. 1: Critical operations power systems are generally installed in vital infrastructure facilities that, if destroyed or incapacitated, would disrupt national security, the economy, public health or safety; and where enhanced electrical infrastructure for continuity of operation has been deemed necessary by governmental authority. Informational Note No. 2: See NFPA 1600-2019, Standard on Continuity, Emergency, and Crisis Management, for further information on disaster and emergency management. Informational Note No. 3: See NFPA 110-2019, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, for further information regarding performance of emergency and standby power systems. Informational Note No. 4: See NFPA 707-2021, Life Safety Code, or the applicable building code, for specification of locations where emergency lighting is considered essential to life safety. Informational Note No. 5: See NFPA 730-2020, Guide for Premises Security, and ANSI/TIA-5017-2016, Telecommunications Physical Network Security Standard, for further information regarding physical security. Informational Note No. 6: See NFPA 1600-2019, Standard on Continuity, Emergency, and Crisis Management, A.5.3.2. Threats to facilities that may require transfer of operation to the critical systems include both naturally occurring hazards and human-caused events. Informational Note No. 7: See Informative Annex F, Availability and Reliability for Critical Operations Power Systems; and Development and Implementation of Functional Performance Tests (FPTs) for Critical Operations Power Systems. Informational Note No. 8: See Informative Annex G, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). Informational Note No. 9: Text that is followed by a reference in brackets has been extracted from NFPA 1600-2019, Standard on Continuity, Emergency, and Crisis Management. Only editorial changes were made to the extracted text to make it consistent with this Code. [708.1](https://2023.antflix.net#708.1) | https://2023.antflix.net#708.1 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 708.2 | Reconditioned transfer switches shall not be permitted. [708.2](https://2023.antflix.net#708.2) | https://2023.antflix.net#708.2 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 708.4 | Risk assessment for critical operations power systems shall be documented and shall be conducted in accordance with 708.4(A) through (C). Informational Note: See NFPA 1600-2019, Standard on Continuity, Emergency, and Crisis Management, Chapter 5, which provides additional guidance concerning risk assessment and hazard analysis. [708.4](https://2023.antflix.net#708.4) | https://2023.antflix.net#708.4 |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 708.4(A) | In critical operations power systems, risk assessment shall be performed to identify hazards, the likelihood of their occurrence, and the vulnerability of the electrical system to those hazards. [708.4(A)](https://2023.antflix.net#708.4(A)) | https://2023.antflix.net#708.4(A) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 708.4(B) | Hazards to be considered at a minimum shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following: Naturally occurring hazards (geological, meteorological, and biological)Human-caused events (accidental and intentional) [708.4(B)](https://2023.antflix.net#708.4(B)) | https://2023.antflix.net#708.4(B) |
Chapter 7 Special Conditions | 708.4(C) | Based on the results of the risk assessment, a strategy shall be developed and implemented to mitigate the hazards that have not been sufficiently mitigated by the prescriptive requirements of this Code. [708.4(C)](https://2023.antflix.net#708.4(C)) | https://2023.antflix.net#708.4(C) |
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