dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
medmcqa | medmcqa_200 | In cytochrome P450, P stands for | [
"Structural proteins",
"Substrate protein",
"Pigment",
"Polymer"
] | Molecular oxygen is incorporated into a variety of substrates by enzymes designated as oxygenases; many drugs, pollutants, and chemical carcinogens (xenobiotics) are metabolized by enzymes of this class, known as the cytochrome P450 systemCytochromes P450 Are Monooxygenases Impoant in Steroid Metabolism & for the Detox... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_201 | Primary granules in neutrophlis contain all except __. | [
"Myeloperoxidase",
"Defensin",
"Acid hydrolases",
"Lactoferrin"
] | Neutrophils have two main types of granules
The smaller specific (or secondary) granules contain lysozyme, collagenase, gelatinase, lactoferrin, plasminogen activator, histaminase, and alkaline phosphatase.
The larger azurophil (or primary) granules contain myeloperoxidase, bactericidal factors (such as defensins)... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_202 | Dreaming is charactersitic of- | [
"REM sleep",
"Stage II NREM sleep",
"Stage IV NREM sleep",
"Stage I NREM sleep"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., REM sleep o Features of REM sleep are: -i) EEG - Beta-wave, Reappearance of alpha wave, Saw-tooth wave (low voltage fast activity), Ponto-genital- occipital spikes.ii) Dreamingiii) Other features :- Generalized muscular atony, Penile erection, autonomic hyperactivity (Increased pulse rate & BP) and in... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_203 | Which of the following is not an alkylating agent:- | [
"Melphalan",
"Cyclophosphamide",
"Busulfan",
"5-Fluorouracil"
] | Melphalan Cyclophosphamide Busulfan These are alkylating agents. | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_204 | Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis will have all of the following features, except: | [
"Microscopic haematuria",
"Raised blood urea level",
"Raised serum creatinine level",
"Hypoalbuminaemia"
] | . Hypoalbuminaemia | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_205 | Virulence of a disease is indicated by: | [
"Proportional mortality rate",
"Specific mortality rate",
"Case fatality rate",
"Amount of GDP spent on control of disease"
] | Ans. (c) Case fatality rateCASE FATALITY RATE (CFR):* CFR represents 'killing power of a disease'- It is 'closely related to virulence of organism'CFR=Totalno.ofcasesduetoadiseaseTotalno.ofdeathsduetoadisease x100* CFR is a Proportion: Always expressed in percentage* CFR is the 'complement of Survival Rate', thus CFR =... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_206 | A 28 year old male admitted in the hospital with a history of vague pains. His examination revealed many scars of previous surgeries. He was very curious about knowing his diagnosis and was persistently asking for various diagnostic procedures and biopsy. He gave the past history of gall stone & appendicitis pain diagn... | [
"Hypochondriasis",
"Somatization disorder",
"Conversion disorder",
"Factitious disorder"
] | D i.e. Factitious disorder | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_207 | Symptom of sudden onset bilateral vocal cord palsy - | [
"Dyspnea & Stridor",
"Hoarseness of voice",
"Asymptomatic",
"Bovine cough"
] | Sudden onset of bilateral vocal cord paralysis produces respiratory obstruction with dysnea and stridor. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_208 | Positive urinary anion gap is found in- | [
"Alcholic ketoacidosis",
"Diabetic ketoacidosis",
"Renal tubular acidosis",
"Diarrhea"
] | Urinary anion gap : used to differentiate GIT causes from Renal causes. UAG= Urine anions - urine cations =( HCO3-) - (NH4+) NORMAL = 0 In GIT cause : NEGATIVE In Renal cause : POSITIVE Ref: Harrison&;s 19thE | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_209 | Hemiballismus is due to lesion in | [
"Ipisilateral caudate nucleus",
"Contralateral sub-thalamic lesion",
"Contralateral putamen",
"Ipsilateral sub-thalamic lesion"
] | Answer- B. Contralateral sub-thalamic lesionSub-thalamic nucleus- Contralateral hemiballismus | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_210 | Cytomegalovirus causes what cancer in AIDS patients - | [
"Lymphoma",
"Kaposi sarcoma",
"Leukemia",
"Glioma"
] | In AIDS patients the already weakened immune response is fuher damaged by the nonspecific CMI inhibiting effect of CMV REF:ANANTHANARYANAN TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.474 | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_211 | Sub periosteal hemorrhage is seen in: (Repeat) | [
"Vit C deficiency",
"Vit A deficiency",
"Vit E deficiency",
"Vit B2 deficiency"
] | Ans: A (Vitamin C deficiency) Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th Edition, Page 198Explanation:Radiographic Changes in ScurvyThe typical radiographic changes occur at the distal ends of the long bones and are particularly common at the knees.The shafts of the long bones have a ground- glass appearance due to tra... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_212 | Which of the following features is not shared between `T cells' and B cells' - | [
"Positive Selection During Development",
"Class I MHC Expression",
"Antigen Specific Receptors",
"All of the above"
] | null | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_213 | Intracranial calcification with cystic lesion in plain X? Ray skull is seen in | [
"Meningioma",
"Glioma",
"Craniopharyngioma",
"Meduloblastoma"
] | C i.e. Craniopharyngioma | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_214 | Gonioscopy is used to study: | [
"Anterior chamber",
"Posterior chamber",
"Angel of anterior chamber",
"Retina"
] | Ans: C (Angel of anterior chamber) Ref: Kanski. Cliniccd Ophthalmology 6th edition: PS- 11Explanation:GONIOSCOPY - To study the angle of the anterior chamber:Structures: From anterior to posteriorS - Schwalbe lineT - trabecular mesh workS - sclera spurC - ciliary bodyUses:Diagnostic - Abnormal angle structure , estimat... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_215 | Methotrexate resistance is due to : | [
"Depletion of folate",
"Overproduction of DHFRase",
"Overproduction of thymidylate kinase",
"Decreased DHFRase"
] | Mechanisms of pharmacokinetic and cellular resistance to methotrexate. Metabolism of methotrexate in the liver to paly inactive 7-hydroxymethotrexate reduces plasma concentrations of methotrexate and creates competition for cellular uptake RFC, which also internalizes reduced folates and folic acid, although with low a... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_216 | A 74 yr old male patient was brought to the OPD by his daughter complaining of urinary incontinence and ataxia, also he has difficulty in calculating simple arithemetics and memory loss. What is the probable diagnosis | [
"Normal pressure hydrocephalus",
"Vascular dementia",
"VIT B12 dofficiency",
"Tabes dorsalis"
] | CLINICAL FEATURES IN NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS Difficulty walking. This problem can be mild or severe. ... Dementia. This often involves confusion, sho-term memory loss/forgetfulness, trouble paying attention, changes in mood, and a lack of interest in daily activities. Problems with bladder control. REF : HARRISON... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_217 | Which of the following is the best tuning fork to do Rinne's and Weber s tests | [
"128 Hz",
"256 Hz",
"512 Hz",
"1024 Hz"
] | Ans. (c) 512 HzRef: Dhingra's ENT 6th ed./22, 5th ed. / 26 | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_218 | Which of the following is not true about testicular tumor? | [
"About 95% are embryonal tumors",
"10% are bilateral",
"Pulmonary metastases suggest that the tumor is teratoma",
"Lymphatic spread is to retroperitoneal and intrathoracic lymph nodes"
] | About 95% of testicular tumours are Germ cell tumours. Embryonal carcinoma is a type of non seminomatous germ cell tumour. Pure embryonal carcinoma constitutes 30% of germ cell tumours but areas of embryonal carcinoma are present in about 40% of germ cell tumours. Teratomas spreads mainly through blood ( to lungs, live... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_219 | In humans, the brain is considered to be "responsive" because? | [
"It has control centers for all motor actions and sensory inputs",
"Every cell of brain has got specific function",
"It is a closed system and so not influenced by changes occurring outside",
"Its functions are profoundly affected by changes in external environment"
] | Ans. d. Its functions are profoundly affected by changes in external environmentIn humans, the brain is considered to be "responsive" as its functions are profoundly affected by changes in external environment | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_220 | Which of the following is not a GnRH agonist? | [
"Leuprolide",
"Nafarelin",
"Ganirelix",
"Busurelin"
] | GnRH Agonist Drugs Leuprolide Nafarelin Goserelin Buserelin -They are all injectables. -They all have flare up reaction as adverse effect when given in continuous form GnRH Antagonist Drugs Cetrorelix Ganirelix Abarelix Degarelix -Given as injectables -They do not increase the sex hormone | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_221 | Headaches typically affecting young to middle aged men, unilateral, oculo temporal, excruciating and associated with lacrimation, rhinorrhoea is called | [
"Migraine",
"Trigeminal neuralgia",
"Cluster headache",
"Tension headache"
] | Cluster headache Unilateral, periorbital, frontal or temporal headache with ipsilateral epiphora, rhinorrhoea, sweating,nasal stuffiness and ptosis. Lasts minutes to hours, recurs once or twice daily for several weeks followed by symptom-free intervals of months to years. Affects men (90%) and may be precipitated by al... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_222 | Severe malaria is indicated on peripheral smear by: | [
">2% parasitized RBCs in low endemic",
">5% in hyperendemic areas",
">5% parasitized RBCs in low endemic",
">15% in hyperendemic areas 18 months"
] | Severe malaria is indicated by Hyperparasitaemia (>5% parasitized RBCs in low endemic and >10% in hyperendemic areas) Ref: | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_223 | A patient with a long-standing intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) develops chronic pelvic pain. The device is removed, and a biopsy of the endometrium is performed. The biopsy specimen shows a prominent infiltrate composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes. Which of the following is the most likely di... | [
"Acute endometritis",
"Adenomyosis",
"Chronic endometritis",
"Endometriosis"
] | This is chronic endometritis, evidenced by the chronic inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes. This disorder may be idiopathic but is more often associated with an obvious predisposing factor, such as chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, tuberculosis, retained gestational tissue, or as in... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_224 | Which is a fructosan | [
"Pectin",
"Chitin",
"Inulin",
"Glycogen"
] | The polysaccharide of glucose (glucosan or glucan):- starch, glycogen, cellulose, dextrin, dextran, chitin
The polysaccharide of fructose (fructosan) :- Inulin | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_225 | Hyperkeratosis of palm and sole is seen in: | [
"Carcinoma colon",
"Hepatoma",
"Adenocarcinoma lung",
"Ca oesophagus"
] | Answer is D (Ca Esophagus) Congenital hyperkeratosis and pitting of palms and soles (Le tylosis palmaris et plantaris) is a known etiological factor for squamous Ca of Esophagus' - Harrison | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_226 | Psoriasis has the following features except | [
"Munro abscesses in the parakeratotic layer",
"Prominent granular cell layer",
"Acanthosis with thickened lower portion",
"Suprapapillary thinning of epidermis"
] | Granular cell layer is thinned or almost absent. | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_227 | Horner's syndrome is seen in all except - | [
"Carotid artery aneurysm",
"Medial medullary syndrome",
"Can occur following surgery for raynaud's syndrome",
"Multiple sclerosis"
] | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Medial medullary syndrome Horner*s syndrome is a classic neurologic syndrome whose signs include : -Miosis,Ptosis, andAnhidrosisAlso called ocul sympathetic paresis, a Horner's syndrome can be produced by a lesion anywhere along the sympathetic pathway that supplies the head, eye, and neck.Neuroanatom... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_228 | Which of the following disease is notifiable internationally? | [
"Cholera",
"Relapsing fever",
"Influenza",
"Louse borne typhus"
] | Ans: a (Cholera) Ref: Park, 19th ed, p. 103At International level, the diseases which are notifiable to WHO in Geneva under the International health regulations are:1. Cholera2. Plague3. Yellow feverDiseases which are subject to international surveillance:1 Louse borne typhus2. Relapsing fever3. Polio4. Influenza5. Mal... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_229 | Which of the following does not contribute to glucose by gluconeogenesis? | [
"Lactate",
"Acetyl CoA",
"Pyruvate",
"Oxaloacetate"
] | Ans. B. Acetyl-CoA(Ref: Harper 31/e page 172, 173)Lactate from muscle and RBC are converted to glucose in the liver (Coris Cycle)Lactate and Alanine is converted to Pyruvate which can enter into Gluconeogenesis.Oxaloacetate is converted to Phospho enol Pyruvate by PEPCK and enter in to Gluconeogenesis. | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_230 | True about Jvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy | [
"DOC is sodium valproate",
"Mental retardation",
"Seizure can develop",
"Neurological examination abnormal"
] | Drug of choice of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is Sodium valproate. Ref : Ghai - 8th edition , pg no : 559 , 560 ( table 18.5) | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_231 | A 52 year old female patient complains of pain in her abdomen. General examination reveals BMI 30 Kg/m2. X-ray examination reveals osteoporotic changes. Doctor suspects impaired absorption of calcium in this patient. All of the following could be the reason for this except: | [
"Inositol hexaphosphate in cereals",
"High intake of oxalate",
"High concentrations of fatty acids in the intestinal lumen",
"Decreased iron intake"
] | Phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate) in cereals binds calcium in the intestinal lumen, preventing its absorption. Other minerals, including zinc are also chelated by phytate.
This is mainly a problem among people who consume large amounts of unleavened whole-wheat products; yeast contains an enzyme, phytase, that depho... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_232 | Na+: Ca++ binding ratio on the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) in the myocardial fibers is:- | [
"1:01",
"1:03",
"3:01",
"4:01"
] | Sodium-calcium Exchanger (NCX) is an example of counter-transpo /antipo (a type of secondary active transpo) It carries 3 sodium Ions into the cell & one calcium Ion out of the cell It is critically dependent on primary active transpo (Na+-K+ pump). Two mechanisms can be explained on basis of this exchanger:(i) Action ... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_233 | The immunoglobulin involved in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions is | [
"IgE",
"IgM",
"IgA",
"IgG"
] | Ref Robbins 9/e p202 Immediate hypersensitivity is a tissue reaction that occurs rapidly (typically within minutes) after the interaction of antigen with IgE antibody that is bound to the surface of mast cells in a sensitized host. The reaction is initiated by entry of an antigen, which is called an allergen because it... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_234 | Persistent multinodular goiter may cause - | [
"Follicular Carcinoma",
"Pappilary Carcinoma",
"Medullary Carcinoma",
"Colloid Carcinoma"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Follicular Carcinoma "An increased incidence of cancer (usually follicular) has been reported from endemic areas. Dominant or rapidly growing nodules in longstanding goiters should always be subjected to aspiration cytology." - Bailey & Love | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_235 | Which of the following drug reduces blood pressure by directly decreasing the hea rate: | [
"Propanolol",
"Prazosin",
"Alpha methyl dopa",
"Nitroprusside sodium"
] | Propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker. It has a negative chronotropic effect (decreases hea rate) It decreases hea rate by blocking the beta1 receptors located on the hea. It also decreases renin production from JG cells of kidney decreasing BP (Ref- Essentials of medical pharmacology K D TRIPATHI 8th Edition) | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_236 | Which of the following does not need treatment | [
"Neuroblastoma",
"Burkitt's lymphoma",
"T cell lymphoblastic leukemia",
"AML"
] | Ans. a. Neuroblastoma Though all of the four malignancies in the given options should be treated, but spontaneous regression might be seen in neuroblastoma. So, the Ans. of exclusion is neuroblastoma Tumors with Spontaneous Regression (NCR MR) NeuroblastomaQ Malignant melanomaQ ChoriocarcinomaQ RetinoblastomaQ Renal ce... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_237 | Factors which decrease insensible water losses are all, except - | [
"Humidified air",
"Sedation",
"Hypothermia",
"Prematurity"
] | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prematurity o Prematurity increases insensible water loss. | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_238 | Kocher Langenbeck approach for emergency acetabular fixation is done in all Except | [
"Open fracture",
"Progressive sciatic nerve injury",
"Recurrent dislocation inspite of closed reduction and traction",
"None of the above"
] | Progressive sciatic nerve injury "Sciatic nerve palsies as a result of the initial injury occur in approximately 10% to 15% of patients with acetabular fractures. Sciatic nerve injury as a result of surgery occurs in 2% to 6% of patients and is more often associated with posterior fracture patterns treated through the ... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_239 | The law stating that "the relative frequency of each gene allele tend to remain constant from generation to generation" is known as - | [
"MendeTs law",
"Hardy-Weinberg law",
"David-Morgan's law",
"Lamarck's law"
] | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hardy-Weinberg law Hardly-Weinberg lawo The hardly-weinberg law states that "The relative frequencies of each gene allele tends to remain constant from generation to generation ".o Thus, the study of gene frequencies, and the influences which operate to alter the "gene pool'' and their long term conse... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_240 | Intra uterine hydronephrosis of 32-34 weeks-management? | [
"Intrauterine drainage",
"Wait until 3 weeks",
"Immediate delivery",
"Require serial USG and other associated anomalies"
] | Ans. is `d' i.e., Require serial USG and other associated anomalies Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is transient and resolves by the third trimester in almost one-half cases. The presence of oligohydramnios and additional renal or extrarenal anomalies suggests significant pathology. o All patients with ANH should underg... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_241 | Common drugs responsible for Lichenoid reaction is/are: | [
"Antihypertensive.",
"NSAIDS.",
"Pencillamine.",
"All of the above."
] | Lichenoid reactions are drug induced and exhibit histopathological features similar to lichen planus. The common drugs implicated in oral lichenoid reactions are - antihypertensives, NSAIDS, pencillamine followed by dapsone, ketocanazole, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloroquine, and oral hypoglycemic ... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_242 | A 16-yrs-old girl presents with bowel obstruction. Laparotomy reveals markedly enlarged para-aoic lymph nodes. Biopsy of lymph nodes exhibit a diffuse neoplastic infiltrate of small, round lymphocytes with a "starry sky" appearance on low power. The cytoplasm of some of the lymphocytes is vacuolated and fat stains are ... | [
"Positive non-specific esterase stain of the cells",
"Positive specific esterase stain of the cells",
"Low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score",
"t(8;14) translocation"
] | The patient has Burkitt lymphoma (Lukes-Collins; small non-cleaved), which is the most common malignant lymphoma in children. Approximately one-third of all childhood lymphomas in the United States are of the Burkitt type. There is an American and a Noh American variant. The relationship of Burkitt to the Epstein-Barr ... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_243 | True about lupus anticoagulant include the following except - | [
"Bleeding episodes can be life threatening",
"↑aPTT",
"May occur without clinical signs",
"May be associated with recurrent mid trimester abortions"
] | null | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_244 | Best method to find out cases of TB in a community is - | [
"Chest X-ray",
"Mantoux test",
"Sputum smear examination",
"Sputum culture sensitivity"
] | Sputum smear examination by direct microscopy is now considered as the method of choice for case finding. The reliability, cheapness and ease of direct microscopic examination has made it number one case-finding method all over the world . It enables us to discover the epidemiologically most impoant cases of pulmonary ... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_245 | Best marker to assess prognosis after Surgery for colon carcinoma: March 2005 | [
"CA 19-9",
"CA-125",
"Alpha fetoprotein",
"CEA"
] | Ans. D: CEA CEA is a family of related glycoproteins initially found in embryonic tissue and colon malignancies. The half-life of CEA is approximately 2 weeks. Plasma levels of CEA can be determined readily by radioimmunoassay. However, its usefulness in colon carcinogenesis screening is limited because of its high lev... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_246 | Treatment of uniocular retinoblastoma in 1st and 2nd stages is: March 2004 | [
"Enucleation",
"Radiotherapy",
"Chemotherapy",
"None"
] | Ans. A i.e. Enucleation | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_247 | Avascular necrosis is not uncommon. select the type of fracture or dislocation with which it is most likely to be associated (SELECT 1 INJURY) | [
"Navicular (scaphoid) fracture",
"Monteggia's deformity",
"Greenstick fracture",
"Spiral fracture"
] | Fractures of the navicular bone of the wrist should be suspected in anyone, particularly a young person, who falls on an outstretched hand. Although x-rays are mandatory, it is important to realize that the fracture may not be seen on the initial x-ray and that a presumptive diagnosis can and should be made on clinical... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_248 | Bronchial asthma is characterized by -a) Inflammatory disease of airwayb) Allergic disease of air wayc) Hyporesponsiveness of airwayd) Hyperresponsiveness of airwaye) Treatment is mostly inhaled steroid | [
"abcd",
"bcde",
"acde",
"abde"
] | Asthma -
"Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway that causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough particularly at night or in the early morning. These symptoms are usually associated with wide spread but variable bronchoconstriction and airflow limitation that is at... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_249 | Most commonly this tumour is due to carcinoma of | [
"Stomach",
"Breast",
"Colon",
"Uterus"
] | Transperitoneal implantation of the carcinoma of the stomach may occur in which the carcinoma cells pass from, stomach into the peritoneal cavity; they "gravitate" into the pelvis where the secondaries palpable on rectal examination I may develop. In females, occasionally, they "alight" upon the ovaries giving rise to ... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_250 | Not true about blue sclera | [
"Seen in osteogenesis impeca",
"Does not seen in Ehlers-danlos syndrome",
"Blue colour is produced by underlying uveal pigment",
"Seen in marfan's syndrome"
] | Answer- B. Does not seen in Ehlers-danlos syndromeBlue Sclera is characterized by marked, generalized blue discolouration of sclera due to thinning, The uveal pigment shines through the thin sclera and produces the blue colour.Causes of blue Sclera:Pseudoxanthoma elasticumOsteogenesis imperfectaEhlers-Danlos syndromeMa... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_251 | Cataract is NOT seen with | [
"Steroids",
"Vitamin B12 deficiency",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Homocystinuria"
] | (B) Vitamin B12 deficiency # CAUSES OF CATARACT> Age: Age is the most common cause> Trauma: Blunt trauma, Electrical injuries> Radiation: Ultraviolet light: glassblowers, Lasers> Genetics Chromosome abnormalities associated with cataracts -- 1 q21.1 deletion syndrome, cri-du-chat syndrome, Down synd ome, Patau's syndro... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_252 | CD marker specific for myeloid series is: | [
"CD34",
"CD45",
"CD99",
"CD117"
] | . CD117 | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_253 | What is true about Factories Act: | [
"Cannot be employed under 14",
"Cannot be employed under 14 for dangerous jobs",
"Maximum 72 hours per week for adolescents",
"It was can be employed"
] | Ans. a. Cannot be employed under 14THE FACTORIES ACTScope: The Act defines factory as an establishment employing 10 or more persons where power is used and 20 or more person where power is not used.Work related rules:Employment of young persons.Employment prohibited foe age less than 14 years.15-18 years old adolescent... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_254 | Blow out fracture of the orbit, most commonly leads to fracture of: | [
"Posteromedial floor of orbit",
"Medial wall of orbit",
"Lateral wall of orbit",
"Roof of orbit"
] | "The most common site for a blowout fracture to occur is the posteromedial aspect of the orbital floor, medial to the infraorbital neurovascular bundle where the maxillary bone is very thin." - The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Blow out fracture: The usual mechanism is a blow to the eye, with the forces being... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_255 | Laryngeal papillomas is caused by which HPV ? | [
"6, 11",
"16, 18",
"33, 45",
"4, 27"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,6, 11Laryngeal papillomatosis is wa with commmonly site of invovement is larynx and respiratory tract,involving HPV type 6 and 11. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_256 | The following laxative lowers blood ammonia level in hepatic encephalopathy | [
"Bisacodyl",
"Lactulose",
"Magnesium sulfate",
"Liquid paraffin"
] | Lactulose:- It is a semisynthetic disaccharide of fructose and lactose which is neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine--retains water. Fuher, it is broken down in the colon by bacteria to osmotically more active products. In a dose of 10 g BD taken with plenty of water, it produces soft formed stools in 1... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_257 | A 21-year-old man presents with symptoms of headache, fever, chills, and discomfort in both sides of his jaw. He has also noticed discomfort in his testes, but no dysuria or urethral discharge. Physical examination reveals bilateral enlargement of the parotid glands, as well as bilateral testicular enlargement and tend... | [
"the disease is caused by a herpesvirus",
"the incubation period is 3-5 days",
"the most common complication of this disease in post-pubertal boys and men is orchitis",
"recurrent infections may occur"
] | Orchitis occurs in about 20% of males, but is usually unilateral, thus sterility is rare. The disease is caused by a paramyxovirus and one infection confers lifelong immunity. The incubation period is 14-18 days. Serum amylase is elevated in most cases of mumps because of parotitis, not pancreatitis. Other complication... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_258 | Tubercular laryngitis affects primarily - | [
"Anterior commissure",
"Posterior commissure of larynx",
"Anywhere within the larynx",
"Superior surface of larynx"
] | Tuberculosis affects posterior part of larynx more than anterior part.
Parts affected are: Inter arytenoid fold > Ventricular bands > Vocal cords > Epiglottis | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_259 | The commonest malignant tumor of the orbit in the 19A decade (children) is | [
"Retinoblastoma",
"Neuroblastoma",
"Rhabdomyosarcoma",
"Chloroma (AML) and ALL"
] | C i.e. Rhabdomyosarcoma | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_260 | All the following changes are caused in the retina by benign hypertension except – | [
"Narrowing of arterioles",
"Exudates",
"Cotton wool spots",
"Retinal hemorrhage"
] | The major objection to Keith-Wagener classification is that, it does not clearly distinguish between the retinal changes of benign and malignant hypertension. So, by looking keith - wagener classification, you can not differentiate the retinal lesions of benign and malignant hypertension. For example, soft exudates (co... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_261 | Treatment of alcohol dependence includes? | [
"Morphine",
"Chlordiazepoxide",
"Sertarline",
"Methadone"
] | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Chlordiazepoxide Treatment of alcohol dependence* Detoxification (treatment of withdrawal) BZDs are the drugs of choice, e.g. chlordiazepoxide (1st choice), Diazepam (2nd choice).* Maintenance after detoxification (to prevent relapse and maintenance of abstinence)i) Aversive agents (deferent agents):-... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_262 | Which is not a NNRTI - | [
"Ritonavir",
"Nevirapine",
"Efavirenz",
"Delavirdine"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ritonavir Antiretroviral drugsa) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) - Zidovudin, Didanosine, Zalcitabine, Stavudine, Lamivudine, Abacavir.b) Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor - Tenofovirc) Nonucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIS) - Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavir... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_263 | Danazol is used in the treatment of: | [
"Cyclical mastalgia",
"Breast cyst",
"Non-cyclical mastalgia",
"Epithelial changes in breast"
] | Danazol is a synthetic testosterone which binds to progesterone and androgen receptors Danazol is used for benign breast diseases and is good for fibrocystic disease. Cyclical mastalgia due to increase engorgement (estrogenic ) will also be relieved with danazol. Almost 70% patients with cyclical mastalgia will repo re... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_264 | Ine foreign body in the eye - | [
"Nickel",
"Copper",
"Iron",
"Silver"
] | Ine substances- glass, plastic, porcelain and metals like gold, silver, platinum and titanium ( no reaction) Suppurative reaction is excited by pure copper, zinc, nickel and mercury paicles. Specific reactions are prodeuced by iron (siderosis bulbi) and copper alloys (chalcosis). Ref : Parsons' 22 nd edition, page no.3... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_265 | Wandering acetabulum is seen in | [
"Septic arthritis of Hip",
"TB Hip",
"Transient synovitis of Hip",
"Psoas abscers"
] | null | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_266 | Which of the follow ing hepatitis viruses is a DNA virus - | [
"Hepatitis C virus",
"Hepatitis B virus",
"Delta agent",
"Hepatitis E virus"
] | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hepatitis B virus o Hepatitis B is the only hepatitis virus w hich has DNA. All others are RN A viruses.o Among the hepatitis viruses, HBV (hepadanavirus) and HCV (flavivirus) can cause hepatocellular carcinoma.VirusHAV, 27 nm RNA Picomavirus (Hepatovirus)HBV, 47 nm DNA (Hepadnavirus)HCV, 30-60 nm RNA... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_267 | All are seen in Thalassemia major EXCEPT: | [
"Transfusion dependency",
"Splenoheptatomegaly",
"Ineffective erythropoiesis",
"Macrocytic anemia"
] | Ans. (d) Macrocytic anaemiaRef. Robbins pathology 9th ed. /638* Thalassemia major presents before 1 yr of age with severe anemia which necessitates packed RBC transfusions every 2-3 months. The child is said to be transfusion dependent as survival is decided by RBC being transfused.* The ineffective erythropoiesis in b... | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_268 | In which of the following vegetations are friable and easily detachable from the cardiac valves | [
"Rheumatic hea",
"Rheumatoid disease",
"SLE",
"Infective endocarditis"
] | . | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_269 | Early cord clamping is done is all except : | [
"Rh isoimrnunization",
"Fetal asphyxia",
"Postmaturity",
"Prematurity"
] | Postmaturity | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_270 | Mononuclear phagocytes are produced by ? | [
"Thymus",
"Spleen",
"Bone marrow",
"Liver"
] | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bone marrow Mononuclear macrophage cells originate in the bone marrow from precursor cells and become monocytes in about 6 days. | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_271 | Which one of the following bonds links two nucleotides in a nucleic acid? | [
"3'-3' phosphodiester bond",
"3'-5' phosphodiester bond",
"5'-5' phosphodiester bond",
"5'-5' phosphotriester bond"
] | Nucleic acids are directional molecules: 5' end is the end with free (unesterified) phosphate group. 3' end is the end with free OH group. Nucleic acid sequences are written in 5'-3' direction. During the synthesis of nucleic acids, 3' OH group of existing nucleotide is esterified to the 5' phosphoryl group of the inco... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_272 | Which drug directly stimulates contraction of cardiac muscle | [
"Digitalis",
"ACE inhibitors",
"Nesiritide",
"Losaan"
] | Ans. is'a'i.e., DigitalisCardiac glycosides (digitalis) act directly on the hea to increase the force of contraction. | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_273 | The following are recognised signs any symptoms of raised intracranial tension in a 9 month old infant, except – | [
"Bulging fontanel",
"Diplopia",
"Papilloedema",
"Increase in head size"
] | null | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_274 | Commonest causative organism for ASOM in 2 years child is: | [
"Pneumococcus",
"H. influenzae",
"Staphylococcus",
"Streptococcus"
] | Most common cause of acute otitis media:Streptococcus pneumonia / pneumococcus (35-40% cases)H. influenza (25-30%)M. catarrhalis (10-20%) | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_275 | Reversible cause of dementia | [
"Hypothyroidism",
"Alzheimer's disease",
"None",
"Vitamin A deficieny"
] | A i.e (Hypothyroidism) | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_276 | Function of mitochondrial DNA - | [
"Encodes proteins of cell membrane",
"Encodes proteins of respiratory chain",
"Helps in cell replication",
"Formation of rRNA"
] | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Encodes proteins of respiratory chain o Human mitochondria contain two to ten copies of a small circular double-stranded DNA molecule that makes up approximately 1% of total cellular DNA. The majority of the peptides in mitochondria (about 54 out of 67) are coded by nuclear genes. The rest are coded b... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_277 | Locard’s principle is concerned: | [
"Theory of relativity",
"Theory of decomposition",
"Theory of trauma",
"Theory of exchagnge"
] | Ref. Textbook of forensic medicine. Krishnan Vij. Page. 302
Locard Principle:
When any two objects come into contact, there is always a transfer of material from each object on the other.
Some examples are fingerprints, footprints,hair, tool marks etc. | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_278 | Which of the following is a prodrug - | [
"Enalapril",
"Clonidine",
"Salmeterol",
"Acetazolamide"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Enalapril Prodrugo Few drugs are inactive as such and need conversion in the body to one or more active metabolites,o Such a drug is called a prodrug.o All the drugs in following table are very important, sorry, I can not shorten the listProdrugLevodopaEnalaprila - MethyldopaChloralhydrateDipiveffineO... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_279 | The endotoxin of the following gram negative bacteria does not play any pa in the pathogenesis of the natural disease. | [
"E. coli",
"E. coli",
"Vibrio cholerae",
"Pseudomonas"
] | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vibrio cholerae . Cholera vibrios possess the lipopolysaccharide 0 antigen (LPS endotoxin), but it has no role in pathogenesis. About other options . Somatic lipopolysaccharide surface 0 antigen of E.coli has endotoxic activity and also protect the bacilli from phagocytosis . Long chain lipopolysaccha... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_280 | According to the WHO, what is the minimum bacteriological standard for drinking water - | [
"All the samples should not contain coliform organisms",
"3 consecutive samples of water should not contain any coil forms",
"3 coliforms in a 100 ml water",
"I coliform in a 100 ml water"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., All the samples should not contain coliform organisms | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_281 | All are infraclavicular branches of brachial plexus except? | [
"Ulnar nerve",
"Long thoracic nerve",
"Axillary nerve",
"Thoracodorsal nerve"
] | The long thoracic nerve arises from the root stage of the brachial plexus. They are present behind the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius in the neck. The ulnar nerve is a branch of the medial cord. The thoracodorsal and axillary nerve are branches of the posterior cord. The cords of the brachial plexus are formed i... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_282 | All are waterborne diseases except - | [
"Typhoid",
"Fish tape worm",
"HAV",
"Cholera"
] | Fish tapeworm(Diphyllobothrium latum) Infection is acquired when the person eats undercooked fish containing the parasite and not by drinking water! Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition Ref: 25th Ed K.Park's Textbook Of Preventive and Social Medicine | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_283 | First substrate of Kreb's cycle is | [
"Pyruvate",
"Glycine",
"HC1",
"Lipoprotein"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Pyruvate The Kreb's cycle or citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle is the final common pathway for the aerobic oxidation of carbohydrate, lipid and protein because glucose, fatty acids and most amino acids are metabolised to acetyl-CoA or intermediates of the cycle.The first reaction of the cit... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_284 | Terminal spined eggs are seen in: | [
"Schistosoma haematobium",
"Sch. mansoni",
"Sch. Japonicum",
"Chlonorchis sinensis"
] | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Schistosoma haematobium (Ref: Chatterjee, 12th/e, p. 138)Schistosoma haematobium - has terminal spine QSchistosoma mansoni - Egg has lateral spine QSchistosoma japonicum - Egg has lateral knob Qs | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_285 | Hematuria with dysmorphic RBCs is a feature of which one of the following ? | [
"Acute cystitis",
"Prostatitis",
"Hereditary nephritis",
"Cyclophosphamide toxicity"
] | Hereditary nephritis is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by nephritic syndrome (ie, hematuria, proteinuria, hypeension, eventual renal insufficiency) often with sensorineural deafness and, less commonly, ophthalmologic symptoms. Cause is a gene mutation affecting type IV collagen Ref Harrison20th edit... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_286 | Which of the following bacteria manifests its clinical features by increasing cAMP? | [
"Vibrio cholerae",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"E. coli heat stable toxin",
"Salmonella"
] | Vibrio cholerae secretes an enterotoxin called choleragen (cholera toxin). Choleragen consists of an A (active) subunit and a B (binding) subunit. The B subunit binds to a ganglioside receptor on the surface of the enterocyte. The A subunit is inseed into the cytosol, where it catalyzes the addition of ADP-ribose to th... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_287 | A deficiency of pancreatic exocrine secretion can result in which one of the following? | [
"An increased pH in the intestinal lumen",
"An increased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins",
"A decreased formation of bile salt micelles",
"Increased levels of blood chylomicrons"
] | The pancreas produces bicarbonate (which neutralizes stomach acid) and digestive enzymes (including pancreatic lipase and colipase, enzymes that degrade dietary lipids). The decreased production of bicarbonate will lead to a decrease in intestinal pH. Lower levels of pancreatic lipase will result in the decreased diges... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_288 | Which intravenous anaesthetic agent has cocaine line effect on cardiovascular system | [
"Thiopentone",
"Propofol",
"Ketamine",
"Etomidate"
] | Ketamine like cocaine inhibits adrenaline and noradrenaline uptake and act as sympathomimetic. KETAMINE * It is structurally related to phencyclidine * Water soluble, transparent available in 1%, 2% and 5% solution * Routes of administration - IV, IM, oral, Rectal intranasal. * Produces so - called dissociative anesthe... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_289 | UV light damage to the DNA leads to: | [
"Formation of pyrimidine dimers",
"No damage to DNA",
"DNA hydrolysis",
"Double stranded breaks"
] | Ans. A. Formation of pyrimidine dimers(Ref: Harper 31/e page 374)DNA lesions formed by UV light damage are Bulky adducts and Pyrimidine Dimers | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_290 | Allen's test is used to diagnose: | [
"Thoracic outlet syndrome",
"Palmar arch insufficiency",
"Superior vena cava syndrome",
"Coarctation of aorta"
] | Ref: Bailey and One's Short Practice of Surgery 25th EditionExplanation:Allen's testIt is a test for the patency of the radial artery after insertion of an indwelling monitoring catheter. The patient's hand is formed into a fist *nd the ulnar artery is compressedcompression continues while the fist is opened.If blood p... | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_291 | An 18-year-old boy is admitted with psychotic behavior. On examination, he is having dystonia and in-coordination. Liver enzymes are elevated. Which of the following is a possible diagnosis? | [
"Rheumatic Chorea",
"Westphal variant of Huntington disease",
"Wilson disease",
"Hallervorden Spatz disease"
] | Disease Differentiating Features Rheumatic chorea -Emotional lability and poor handwriting -Hung up reflexes, -Pronator sign -Daing tongue LFT is normal. Westphal variant of Huntington disease Akinetic-rigid Parkinsonism like LFT isnormal. Hallervorden Spatz disease -Parkinsonism like features -Cognitive decline -Retin... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_292 | Mutton for keratic precipitate and Busacca's nodules is seen in: | [
"Granulomatous uveitis",
"Non-granulomatous uveitis",
"Posterior uveitis",
"Choroiditis"
] | Ans. Granulomatous uveitis | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_293 | The use of desmopressin is best indicated for therapy in which of the following bleeding disorders? | [
"Severe hemophilia A",
"Severe hemophilia B",
"Von Willebrand disease (VWD)",
"Glanzmann thrombasthenia"
] | Patients with Von Willebrand disease facing hemostatic challenges (dental work, surgery, etc.) can be treated with desmopressin, which stimulates vWF release, or with infusions of plasma concentrates containing factor VIII and vWF. Hemophilias A and B (severe phenotype) are treated by deficient factor replacement thera... | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_294 | During neonatal resuscitation, the chest compression to ventilation ratio is ___________ | [
"3:01",
"5:01",
"10:01",
"15:01"
] | * Chest compressions consists of rhythmic compressions of sternum that compress the hea against the spine , increase the intra thoracic pressure and circulate the blood to vital organs of the body . *It is impoant to ventilate in between chest compressions. A positive breath should follow every third chest compression(... | A |
medmcqa | medmcqa_295 | Ricketssia Reckettsii is responsible for which disease - | [
"Endemic typhus",
"Epidemic typhus",
"Scrub typhus",
"Rocky mountain spotted fever"
] | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Rocky mountain spotted fever VectorDiseases and organisms1) MiteScrub typhus (R. tsutsugamushi), Rickettsial pox (R. akari)2) LouseEpidemic typhus (R. prowaekii), Trench fever (R. quintana)3) FleaEndemic or murine typhus (R. typhi)4) TickIndian tick typhus (R. conorii), RMSF (R. Rickettsii) | D |
medmcqa | medmcqa_296 | A 2 day old newborn baby presented with microcephaly, macroglossia, visceromegaly and a blood glucose level of 20 mg/d1. What is the most likely diagnosis | [
"Prader-Willi syndrome",
"Beckwith Wiedman syndrome",
"Werner syndrome",
"Cockayne syndrome"
] | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Beckwith-Wiedman syndrome o Beckwith-Wiedman syndrome has been explained -3 See wilms tumor. | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_297 | Which substance is/are not deposited in hepatocyte? | [
"Lipofuschin",
"Melanin like pigment",
"Bile pigment",
"Melanin"
] | Bile pigment deposition at sweat pores of patients with liver disease REFERANCE. jaad .org | C |
medmcqa | medmcqa_298 | The rash in measles occurs first in occurs first in the .....region : | [
"Forehead",
"Post auricular",
"Chest",
"Neck"
] | B i.e. Post auricular | B |
medmcqa | medmcqa_299 | Which one of the following is the best irrigation solution during TURP is | [
"Normal Saline",
"Isotonic glycine",
"RLL",
"5% Dextrose"
] | Best soulution is Isotonic glycine
NS can be used while using bipolar cautery. | B |
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