Datasets:
question stringlengths 34 170 | answer stringlengths 2 46 | label stringclasses 5
values | q_gemini1 stringlengths 40 131 | q_gemini2 stringlengths 41 129 | q_gemini3 stringlengths 42 123 | blank_gemini1 stringlengths 27 160 | blank_gemini2 stringlengths 42 153 |
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What material was the Columbia orbiter structure primarily made of? | Aluminum | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | What was the primary substance used to build the Columbia orbiter's structure? | Which material served as the main component of the Columbia orbiter structure? | The structure of the Columbia orbiter was mainly composed of what material? | ____ was the material the Columbia orbiter structure was primarily made of. | The Columbia orbiter structure was primarily made of the material ____. |
How many pounds of Columbia debris were officially recovered during the 2003 search effort? | 84000 pounds | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | During the search in 2003, what was the official weight of Columbia debris found? | What was the total official weight in pounds of the debris from Columbia recovered in 2003? | In the 2003 search effort, how many pounds of debris from the Columbia were officially collected? | During the 2003 search effort, ____ of Columbia debris were officially recovered. | The amount of Columbia debris officially recovered during the 2003 search effort was ____. |
In which US state did most of the Columbia debris fall? | Texas | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Most of the debris from Columbia landed in which US state? | Which US state received the majority of the falling Columbia debris? | Where in the US did the largest portion of Columbia debris fall? | ____ was the US state where most of the Columbia debris fell. | The US state in which most of the Columbia debris fell was ____. |
What specific part of the wing was damaged on Columbia? | Leading edge | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Which particular section of Columbia's wing sustained damage? | Can you identify the specific area of the wing that was damaged on Columbia? | On Columbia, what part of the wing specifically experienced damage? | The ____ was the specific part of the wing damaged on Columbia. | On Columbia, the specific part of the wing that was damaged was the ____. |
Who was the NASA Administrator during the 2003 Columbia accident? | Sean O'Keefe | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Which individual served as the NASA Administrator when the Columbia accident occurred in 2003? | At the time of the 2003 Columbia accident, who held the position of NASA Administrator? | Who was leading NASA as Administrator during the Columbia disaster in 2003? | ____ was the NASA Administrator during the 2003 Columbia accident. | The NASA Administrator during the 2003 Columbia accident was ____. |
What color was the insulating foam on the Columbia external tank? | Orange | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | What was the color of the foam insulation on the external tank of Columbia? | Identify the color of the insulating foam used on Columbia's external tank. | The insulating foam on the Columbia external tank was what specific color? | The color of the insulating foam on the Columbia external tank was ____. | ____ was the color of the insulating foam on the Columbia external tank. |
On what date did Columbia launch in 2003? | January 16, 2003 | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | What was the 2003 launch date for Columbia? | In 2003, on which specific day did Columbia lift off? | On what day in 2003 was Columbia launched? | Columbia launched in 2003 on ____. | ____ was the date in 2003 on which Columbia launched. |
What was the mission designation of the 2003 Columbia flight? | STS-107 | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | How was the 2003 Columbia flight officially designated? | What was the specific mission name given to the Columbia flight in 2003? | What official mission code was used for the 2003 Columbia flight? | The mission designation of the 2003 Columbia flight was ____. | ____ was the mission designation of the 2003 Columbia flight. |
What was the intended landing site for mission STS-107? | Kennedy Space Center | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Where was mission STS-107 supposed to land? | What location was designated as the landing site for the STS-107 mission? | Identify the planned landing location for mission STS-107. | The intended landing site for mission STS-107 was ____. | ____ was the intended landing site for mission STS-107. |
Who was the commander of mission STS-107? | Rick Husband | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Which individual held the role of commander for the STS-107 mission? | Who led mission STS-107 as its commander? | Name the person who was the commander for the STS-107 mission. | ____ was the commander of mission STS-107. | The commander of mission STS-107 was ____. |
What type of mission was STS-107 classified as? | Research mission | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | How was the STS-107 mission categorized? | What classification was given to the STS-107 mission type? | Under what mission type was STS-107 officially classified? | STS-107 was classified as a ____. | A ____ is the type of mission STS-107 was classified as. |
What acronym describes the carbon material on Columbia's wing edges? | RCC | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Which acronym is used for the carbon material found on the edges of Columbia's wings? | What is the acronym for the wing edge carbon material on Columbia? | By what acronym is the carbon material on the edges of Columbia's wings known? | The acronym ____ describes the carbon material on Columbia's wing edges. | The carbon material on the wing edges of Columbia is described by the acronym ____. |
What was the name of the primary Israeli-led experiment on mission STS-107 that used a camera system to study Mediterranean desert dust? | MEIDEX (Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment) | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | What was the main experiment led by Israel on STS-107 that employed a camera to research Mediterranean desert dust? | On mission STS-107, what was the primary Israeli-led study of Mediterranean desert dust using a camera system called? | Name the primary Israeli-led experiment using a camera system for Mediterranean desert dust study during STS-107. | The name of the primary Israeli-led experiment on mission STS-107 that used a camera system to study Mediterranean desert dust was ____. | ____ was the name of the primary Israeli-led experiment on mission STS-107 using a camera system to study Mediterranean desert dust. |
Name the female mission specialist and flight surgeon on Columbia. | Laurel Clark | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Who served as the female flight surgeon and mission specialist on Columbia? | Identify the woman who was both a flight surgeon and mission specialist on the Columbia. | Which female mission specialist on Columbia also held the role of flight surgeon? | ____ was the female mission specialist and flight surgeon on Columbia. | The female mission specialist and flight surgeon on Columbia was ____. |
What state was Columbia over when ground communication was lost? | Texas | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | When communication with the ground was lost, which state was Columbia flying over? | Over which state was Columbia positioned when ground contact ceased? | In what state was Columbia located at the time ground communication was lost? | Columbia was over the state of ____ when ground communication was lost. | ____ was the state Columbia was over when ground communication was lost. |
What was the orbital inclination of mission STS-107 in degrees? | 39 degrees | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | In degrees, what was the STS-107 mission's orbital inclination? | What was the degree of orbital inclination for the STS-107 flight? | How many degrees was the orbital inclination of mission STS-107? | The orbital inclination of mission STS-107 was ____. | ____ was the orbital inclination in degrees for mission STS-107. |
Who served as the Chair of the Mission Management Team (MMT) during the STS-107 flight and was a central figure in the post-accident investigation? | Linda Ham | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Which central figure in the post-accident investigation chaired the Mission Management Team during STS-107? | Who was the Mission Management Team Chair during mission STS-107? | Name the person who chaired the MMT during the STS-107 flight and was important to the investigation after the accident. | ____ served as the Chair of the Mission Management Team (MMT) during the STS-107 flight. | The Chair of the Mission Management Team (MMT) during the STS-107 flight was ____. |
What was the altitude of Columbia at breakup in kilometers? | 63 kilometers | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | At what altitude in kilometers did Columbia break up? | What was Columbia's altitude, measured in kilometers, when the breakup occurred? | When Columbia broke up, what was its altitude in kilometers? | The altitude of Columbia at breakup was ____. | ____ was the altitude of Columbia in kilometers at the time of breakup. |
What was the weight of the foam that struck Columbia in pounds? | 1.7 pounds | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | In pounds, how much did the foam that hit Columbia weigh? | What was the weight in pounds of the piece of foam that struck Columbia? | How many pounds was the foam that impacted Columbia? | The weight of the foam that struck Columbia was ____. | ____ was the weight in pounds of the foam that struck Columbia. |
What was the total number of orbits completed by mission STS-107? | 255 | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | How many orbits did mission STS-107 complete in total? | What was the final count of orbits for the STS-107 mission? | During mission STS-107, what was the total number of completed orbits? | The total number of orbits completed by mission STS-107 was ____. | Mission STS-107 completed a total of ____ orbits. |
In what year did the first Space Shuttle mission STS-1 launch? | 1981 | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | What year saw the launch of the very first Space Shuttle mission, STS-1? | In which year did STS-1, the inaugural Space Shuttle mission, take place? | What was the launch year for the first Space Shuttle mission designated STS-1? | The first Space Shuttle mission STS-1 launched in the year ____. | ____ was the year the first Space Shuttle mission STS-1 launched. |
Name the mission specialist from India who died on Columbia. | Kalpana Chawla | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Who was the Indian mission specialist that lost her life on Columbia? | Identify the mission specialist from India among the Columbia crew. | Which mission specialist on Columbia was originally from India? | ____ was the mission specialist from India who died on Columbia. | The mission specialist from India who died on Columbia was ____. |
Which Texas city served as the recovery hub for Columbia? | Nacogdoches | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | What city in Texas was used as the hub for Columbia recovery efforts? | Name the Texas city that acted as the recovery center for Columbia. | In which Texas city was the recovery hub for Columbia located? | The Texas city of ____ served as the recovery hub for Columbia. | ____ was the Texas city that served as the recovery hub for Columbia. |
What superheated gas caused the structural failure in Columbia? | Plasma | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | Which superheated gas led to the structural failure of Columbia? | Identify the superheated gas responsible for Columbia's structural failure. | The structural failure in Columbia was caused by what superheated gas? | The structural failure in Columbia was caused by the superheated gas called ____. | ____ was the superheated gas that caused the structural failure in Columbia. |
Which specific system first showed abnormal temperature readings during Columbia's reentry? | Left wing brake line temperature sensors | Semantic-1-The Columbia Space Shuttle Disaster | During reentry, which system on Columbia was the first to indicate abnormal temperatures? | What particular system first recorded irregular temperature readings as Columbia reentered? | Can you name the first system to show abnormal temperature data during the reentry of Columbia? | The ____ first showed abnormal temperature readings during Columbia's reentry. | During Columbia's reentry, abnormal temperature readings were first shown by the specific system of ____. |
What was the designation of the redesigned Apollo command module introduced after the Apollo 1 fire? | Block II | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | After the Apollo 1 fire, what designation was given to the redesigned command module? | Which designation identified the redesigned Apollo command module that followed the Apollo 1 fire? | What was the name used to designate the Apollo command module redesigned in response to the Apollo 1 fire? | The redesigned Apollo command module introduced after the Apollo 1 fire was designated as ____. | ____ was the designation of the redesigned Apollo command module introduced after the Apollo 1 fire. |
How many separate hatch layers were on the Apollo 1 capsule? | Three | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | What was the total count of separate hatch layers on the Apollo 1 capsule? | The Apollo 1 capsule featured how many individual hatch layers? | How many distinct hatch layers did the Apollo 1 capsule possess? | The Apollo 1 capsule featured ____ separate hatch layers. | ____ separate hatch layers were on the Apollo 1 capsule. |
How many seconds elapsed between the first fire report and pressure hull rupture during the Apollo 1 fire? | 15 seconds | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | During the Apollo 1 fire, what was the duration in seconds from the initial fire report until the pressure hull ruptured? | How many seconds passed between the time fire was first reported and the rupture of the pressure hull in Apollo 1? | Between the first fire report and the pressure hull rupture of Apollo 1, how many seconds elapsed? | During the Apollo 1 fire, ____ elapsed between the first fire report and pressure hull rupture. | The time between the first fire report and pressure hull rupture during the Apollo 1 fire was ____. |
What type of plastic wiring insulation was used in Apollo 1? | Teflon | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | Which variety of plastic wiring insulation was utilized in Apollo 1? | What plastic material served as the wiring insulation for Apollo 1? | In Apollo 1, what kind of plastic insulation was used for the wiring? | ____ was the type of plastic wiring insulation used in Apollo 1. | The type of plastic wiring insulation used in Apollo 1 was ____. |
What was the originally planned launch date for mission Apollo 1? | February 21, 1967 | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | On what date was the Apollo 1 mission originally scheduled to launch? | What was the initial launch date set for the Apollo 1 mission? | When was the Apollo 1 mission originally intended to take flight? | The originally planned launch date for mission Apollo 1 was ____. | ____ was the originally planned launch date for mission Apollo 1. |
What was the name of the board investigating the Apollo 1 fire? | Apollo 204 Review Board | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | What was the official name of the investigative board for the Apollo 1 fire? | Which board was responsible for investigating the fire on Apollo 1? | How was the board that looked into the Apollo 1 fire named? | The name of the board investigating the Apollo 1 fire was the ____. | The ____ was the name of the board investigating the Apollo 1 fire. |
At what launch complex did the Apollo 1 fire happen? | Launch Complex 34 | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | Which launch complex was the site of the Apollo 1 fire? | At which specific launch complex did the Apollo 1 fire occur? | Identify the launch complex where the Apollo 1 fire took place. | The Apollo 1 fire happened at ____. | ____ was the launch complex where the Apollo 1 fire happened. |
What model of rocket was used for the AS-204 mission? | Saturn IB | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | Which rocket model was employed for the AS-204 mission? | What was the model of the rocket utilized during mission AS-204? | Which specific rocket was used to support the AS-204 mission? | The model of rocket used for the AS-204 mission was the ____. | The ____ was the rocket model used for the AS-204 mission. |
How many crew members perished in the Apollo 1 fire? | Three | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | What was the total number of crew members who lost their lives in the Apollo 1 fire? | In the Apollo 1 fire, how many crew members died? | The Apollo 1 fire resulted in the deaths of how many crew members? | ____ crew members perished in the Apollo 1 fire. | In the Apollo 1 fire, the number of crew members who perished was ____. |
What was the original mission designation for Apollo 1? | AS-204 | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | How was Apollo 1 originally designated as a mission? | What was the first mission designation given to Apollo 1? | Before being called Apollo 1, what was the mission's designation? | The original mission designation for Apollo 1 was ____. | ____ was the original mission designation for Apollo 1. |
At what time in EST did the Apollo 1 fire begin? | 6:31 p.m. | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | What was the Eastern Standard Time at the start of the Apollo 1 fire? | In EST, when exactly did the Apollo 1 fire start? | Identify the start time of the Apollo 1 fire in the EST time zone. | The Apollo 1 fire began at ____ EST. | ____ was the time in EST when the Apollo 1 fire began. |
What gas was added to the launch atmosphere after the Apollo 1 fire? | Nitrogen | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | Following the Apollo 1 fire, which gas was introduced into the launch atmosphere? | What type of gas was included in the launch atmosphere after the Apollo 1 fire occurred? | Which gas became part of the launch atmosphere in the wake of the Apollo 1 fire? | ____ was the gas added to the launch atmosphere after the Apollo 1 fire. | After the Apollo 1 fire, the gas added to the launch atmosphere was ____. |
Who was the backup senior pilot for mission Apollo 1? | Donn Eisele | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | Which individual served as the Apollo 1 mission's backup senior pilot? | Who held the role of backup senior pilot on the Apollo 1 mission? | Name the person who was the backup senior pilot for the Apollo 1 mission. | ____ was the backup senior pilot for mission Apollo 1. | The backup senior pilot for mission Apollo 1 was ____. |
What fire-resistant fabric replaced nylon after the Apollo 1 accident? | Beta cloth | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | In the aftermath of the Apollo 1 accident, which fire-resistant fabric was used to replace nylon? | What was the name of the fire-resistant material that replaced nylon following the Apollo 1 disaster? | Which fire-resistant cloth was substituted for nylon after the Apollo 1 fire? | The fire-resistant fabric that replaced nylon after the Apollo 1 accident was ____. | ____ was the fire-resistant fabric used to replace nylon after the Apollo 1 accident. |
What was the name of the Florida station hosting Apollo 1? | Cape Kennedy | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | What was the name of the station in Florida where Apollo 1 was hosted? | Name the Florida station that served as the host for Apollo 1. | Which station in Florida was the host site for Apollo 1? | The name of the Florida station hosting Apollo 1 was ____. | ____ was the name of the Florida station hosting Apollo 1. |
What metal were the Apollo 1 cabin plumbing lines primarily made of? | Aluminum | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | What was the main metal used for the plumbing lines in the Apollo 1 cabin? | The Apollo 1 cabin's plumbing lines were primarily constructed from which metal? | Which metal served as the primary material for the plumbing lines in Apollo 1's cabin? | ____ was the metal the Apollo 1 cabin plumbing lines were primarily made of. | The Apollo 1 cabin plumbing lines were primarily made of the metal ____. |
Which toxic gas was found in the Apollo 1 crew's blood? | Carbon monoxide | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | What poisonous gas was detected in the blood of the Apollo 1 crew? | Which specific toxic gas was present in the bloodstream of the Apollo 1 crew members? | A search of the Apollo 1 crew's blood revealed which toxic gas? | The toxic gas found in the Apollo 1 crew's blood was ____. | ____ was the toxic gas found in the blood of the Apollo 1 crew. |
What was the name of Ed White's Gemini mission? | Gemini 4 | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | How was the Gemini mission involving Ed White named? | What mission name was assigned to Ed White's Gemini flight? | What was the designation for the Gemini mission that Ed White flew on? | ____ was the name of Ed White's Gemini mission. | The name of the Gemini mission that Ed White participated in was ____. |
What peak temperature in degrees Fahrenheit was recorded during the Apollo 1 cabin fire? | 2500 degrees Fahrenheit | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | In degrees Fahrenheit, what was the highest temperature reached during the Apollo 1 cabin fire? | What was the peak temperature recorded in Fahrenheit during the fire in the Apollo 1 cabin? | How many degrees Fahrenheit was the peak temperature in the Apollo 1 cabin fire? | A peak temperature of ____ was recorded during the Apollo 1 cabin fire. | The peak temperature recorded during the Apollo 1 cabin fire was ____. |
What was the name of the ground test being conducted when the Apollo 1 fire broke out? | Plugs-out test | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | Which ground test was in progress at the time the Apollo 1 fire started? | What was the name of the test being performed on the ground when Apollo 1 caught fire? | During which specific ground test did the Apollo 1 fire break out? | The name of the ground test being conducted when the Apollo 1 fire broke out was the ____. | The ____ was the ground test being conducted when the Apollo 1 fire broke out. |
What fruit did the Apollo 1 crew hang on their simulator? | Lemon | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | Which type of fruit was hung on the simulator by the Apollo 1 crew? | What fruit did the crew of Apollo 1 choose to hang on their flight simulator? | On their simulator, what fruit did the Apollo 1 crew hang? | The Apollo 1 crew hung a ____ on their simulator. | A ____ was the fruit the Apollo 1 crew hung on their simulator. |
Who was the commander of the Apollo 1 backup crew? | Wally Schirra | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | Which astronaut served as the commander for the Apollo 1 backup crew? | Who held the commander position on the backup crew for mission Apollo 1? | Name the commander of the Apollo 1 backup crew. | ____ was the commander of the Apollo 1 backup crew. | The commander of the Apollo 1 backup crew was ____. |
Who was the senior pilot of mission Apollo 1? | Ed White | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | Which individual was the senior pilot for the Apollo 1 mission? | Who served as the senior pilot during mission Apollo 1? | Name the senior pilot assigned to the Apollo 1 mission. | ____ was the senior pilot of mission Apollo 1. | The senior pilot of mission Apollo 1 was ____. |
On what date did the Apollo 1 fire occur? | January 27, 1967 | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | What was the calendar date of the Apollo 1 fire? | On which day in 1967 did the fire on Apollo 1 take place? | Identify the specific date when the Apollo 1 fire occurred. | The Apollo 1 fire occurred on ____. | ____ was the date on which the Apollo 1 fire occurred. |
Who was the manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office in 1967? | Joseph Shea | Semantic-2-The Apollo 1 Fire | In 1967, who was managing the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office? | Which individual led the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office as manager in 1967? | Who held the manager position at the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office during 1967? | ____ was the manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office in 1967. | The manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office in 1967 was ____. |
What reactor model was used at Chernobyl Unit 4? | RBMK-1000 | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | Which reactor model was in use at Chernobyl's Unit 4? | What was the specific model of the reactor at Unit 4 of Chernobyl? | Identify the reactor model used at the Chernobyl Unit 4 plant. | ____ was the reactor model used at Chernobyl Unit 4. | The reactor model used at Chernobyl Unit 4 was the ____. |
What was the name of the Soviet leader during the Chernobyl crisis? | Mikhail Gorbachev | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | Who was leading the Soviet Union when the Chernobyl crisis occurred? | Name the Soviet leader in power during the Chernobyl disaster. | During the Chernobyl crisis, who served as the leader of the Soviet Union? | ____ was the name of the Soviet leader during the Chernobyl crisis. | The Soviet leader during the Chernobyl crisis was named ____. |
Who was the deputy chief engineer in charge during the Chernobyl test? | Anatoly Dyatlov | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | Which deputy chief engineer was in charge when the Chernobyl test was conducted? | Who held the position of deputy chief engineer during the test at Chernobyl? | Identify the deputy chief engineer leading the Chernobyl test. | ____ was the deputy chief engineer in charge during the Chernobyl test. | The deputy chief engineer in charge during the Chernobyl test was ____. |
What was the name of the plant director at the time of the Chernobyl accident? | Viktor Bryukhanov | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What was the name of the director of the Chernobyl plant when the accident happened? | Who was serving as the plant director at the time of the Chernobyl disaster? | At the time of the Chernobyl accident, who was the plant director? | ____ was the name of the plant director at the time of the Chernobyl accident. | The name of the plant director at the time of the Chernobyl accident was ____. |
What type of vehicles were abandoned in the 'Rossokha' cemetery near Chernobyl? | Military vehicles | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What kind of vehicles were left behind in the 'Rossokha' cemetery near Chernobyl? | Identify the type of vehicles abandoned at the 'Rossokha' cemetery in the Chernobyl area. | In the 'Rossokha' cemetery near Chernobyl, what type of vehicles were abandoned? | ____ were the type of vehicles abandoned in the 'Rossokha' cemetery near Chernobyl. | The type of vehicles abandoned in the 'Rossokha' cemetery near Chernobyl were ____. |
What was the name of the Swedish nuclear power plant that first detected Chernobyl fallout? | Forsmark | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | Which nuclear power plant in Sweden was the first to detect fallout from Chernobyl? | What was the name of the Swedish facility that first identified Chernobyl fallout? | Name the Swedish nuclear power plant that initially detected radiation from Chernobyl. | ____ was the name of the Swedish nuclear power plant that first detected Chernobyl fallout. | The Swedish nuclear power plant that first detected Chernobyl fallout was named ____. |
What forest near Chernobyl turned reddish-brown after radiation exposure? | Red Forest | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What is the name of the forest near Chernobyl that turned reddish-brown due to radiation? | Which forest located near Chernobyl changed to a reddish-brown color after exposure to radiation? | Identify the forest near Chernobyl that took on a reddish-brown hue following radiation exposure. | The ____ is the forest near Chernobyl that turned reddish-brown after radiation exposure. | After radiation exposure, the forest near Chernobyl that turned reddish-brown was the ____. |
What was the name of the nearby radar installation near Chernobyl? | Duga radar | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What was the name of the radar site located near Chernobyl? | Which radar installation was situated in the vicinity of Chernobyl? | Identify the nearby radar facility close to the Chernobyl plant. | ____ was the name of the nearby radar installation near Chernobyl. | The name of the nearby radar installation near Chernobyl was the ____. |
What was the name of the reactor operator who pressed the AZ-5 button at Chernobyl? | Leonid Toptunov | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | Which reactor operator at Chernobyl was responsible for pressing the AZ-5 button? | Name the person operating the reactor who pushed the AZ-5 button at Chernobyl. | Who was the operator that activated the AZ-5 emergency button at the Chernobyl plant? | ____ was the name of the reactor operator who pressed the AZ-5 button at Chernobyl. | The reactor operator who pressed the AZ-5 button at Chernobyl was named ____. |
Who was the lead investigator and head of the Chernobyl commission? | Valery Legasov | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | Who headed the Chernobyl commission and served as the lead investigator? | Identify the lead investigator who was in charge of the Chernobyl commission. | What was the name of the individual who led the Chernobyl commission as the primary investigator? | ____ was the lead investigator and head of the Chernobyl commission. | The lead investigator and head of the Chernobyl commission was ____. |
What color was the glow seen above the Chernobyl reactor after the explosion? | Blue | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What was the color of the light seen over the Chernobyl reactor following the explosion? | Above the Chernobyl reactor, what color was the glow observed after it exploded? | Following the explosion at Chernobyl, what color glow was visible above the reactor? | ____ was the color of the glow seen above the Chernobyl reactor after the explosion. | The color of the glow seen above the Chernobyl reactor after the explosion was ____. |
What was the name of the emergency shutdown button at Chernobyl? | AZ-5 | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | How was the emergency shutdown button at Chernobyl named? | What was the designation for the emergency shutdown button used at Chernobyl? | Identify the name given to the button used for emergency shutdowns at Chernobyl. | ____ was the name of the emergency shutdown button at Chernobyl. | The name of the emergency shutdown button at Chernobyl was ____. |
What was the nickname given to the liquidators who cleared the Chernobyl roof by hand? | Bio-robots | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What nickname was given to the liquidators who manually cleared the roof at Chernobyl? | What were the liquidators who cleared the Chernobyl roof by hand called? | Identify the nickname for the liquidators tasked with clearing the Chernobyl roof manually. | ____ was the nickname given to the liquidators who cleared the Chernobyl roof by hand. | The nickname given to the liquidators who cleared the Chernobyl roof by hand was ____. |
What was the name of the cooling pond used by the Chernobyl plant? | Chernobyl Cooling Pond | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What was the name of the pond used for cooling by the Chernobyl plant? | Which cooling pond was utilized by the Chernobyl nuclear facility? | Name the pond used by the Chernobyl plant for cooling purposes. | ____ was the name of the cooling pond used by the Chernobyl plant. | The name of the cooling pond used by the Chernobyl plant was the ____. |
What was the official Soviet term for workers involved in the Chernobyl cleanup? | Liquidators | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What was the official Soviet designation for the workers who took part in the Chernobyl cleanup? | How were the workers involved in cleaning up Chernobyl officially termed by the Soviet Union? | What official Soviet name was used for the Chernobyl cleanup workers? | ____ was the official Soviet term for workers involved in the Chernobyl cleanup. | The official Soviet term for workers involved in the Chernobyl cleanup was ____. |
What was the name of the nearby city built to house Chernobyl workers? | Pripyat | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What was the name of the city built near Chernobyl to provide housing for workers? | Which city was constructed close to the Chernobyl plant for its workers to live in? | Name the city located near Chernobyl that was created to house the plant's staff. | ____ was the name of the nearby city built to house Chernobyl workers. | The name of the nearby city built to house Chernobyl workers was ____. |
What fuel was used in the Chernobyl RBMK reactor? | Uranium dioxide | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | Which type of fuel was utilized in the Chernobyl RBMK reactor? | What kind of fuel did the RBMK reactor at Chernobyl use? | Identify the specific fuel used for the Chernobyl RBMK reactor. | ____ was the fuel used in the Chernobyl RBMK reactor. | The fuel used in the Chernobyl RBMK reactor was ____. |
What was the height of the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch in meters? | 108 meters | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | In meters, how high was the New Safe Confinement arch at Chernobyl? | What was the height, measured in meters, of the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch? | How many meters tall was the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch? | The height of the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch was ____. | ____ was the height of the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch in meters. |
Which element was dropped by helicopters onto the Chernobyl reactor to absorb neutrons? | Boron | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | Which element did helicopters drop onto the Chernobyl reactor to help absorb neutrons? | What substance was released from helicopters over the Chernobyl reactor to act as a neutron absorber? | Name the element helicopters dropped onto the reactor at Chernobyl to absorb neutrons. | ____ was the element dropped by helicopters onto the Chernobyl reactor to absorb neutrons. | The element dropped by helicopters onto the Chernobyl reactor to absorb neutrons was ____. |
What is the name of the highly radioactive mass of corium and sand found in the basement of Chernobyl Reactor 4, famously shaped like a large animal's foot? | Elephant's Foot | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What is the name of the highly radioactive corium and sand mass in Chernobyl Reactor 4's basement that looks like an animal's foot? | What name was given to the radioactive mass of sand and corium shaped like a large animal's foot found in the Chernobyl basement? | Identify the radioactive corium mass in the Chernobyl Reactor 4 basement famously nicknamed for its animal-like foot shape. | The ____ is the name of the highly radioactive mass of corium and sand found in the basement of Chernobyl Reactor 4, famously shaped like a large animal's foot. | A highly radioactive mass of corium and sand found in the basement of Chernobyl Reactor 4, famously shaped like a large animal's foot, is named the ____. |
What element were the control rods at Chernobyl primarily made of? | Boron | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What was the primary material used for the control rods at Chernobyl? | Identify the element that the Chernobyl control rods were mainly composed of. | Of what element were the control rods at the Chernobyl plant primarily made? | ____ was the element the control rods at Chernobyl were primarily made of. | The control rods at Chernobyl were primarily made of the element ____. |
What was the distance of Pripyat from the Chernobyl reactor in kilometers? | 3 kilometers | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | How many kilometers away from the Chernobyl reactor was the city of Pripyat? | What was the distance in kilometers between Pripyat and the reactor at Chernobyl? | In kilometers, what was the distance from the Chernobyl reactor to Pripyat? | The distance of Pripyat from the Chernobyl reactor was ____. | ____ was the distance of Pripyat from the Chernobyl reactor in kilometers. |
In which Soviet republic was the Chernobyl plant located? | Ukrainian SSR | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | In which of the Soviet republics was the Chernobyl power plant situated? | Which Soviet republic was home to the Chernobyl plant? | Name the specific Soviet republic where the Chernobyl nuclear facility was located. | The Chernobyl plant was located in the ____. | The Soviet republic in which the Chernobyl plant was located was the ____. |
What specific safety test was being conducted during the Chernobyl accident? | Steam turbine coast-down | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | What particular safety test was being performed when the Chernobyl accident happened? | Identify the specific safety test in progress during the Chernobyl disaster. | During the Chernobyl accident, which safety test was being carried out? | The specific safety test being conducted during the Chernobyl accident was the ____. | A ____ was the specific safety test being conducted during the Chernobyl accident. |
How many hours after the Chernobyl explosion did it take for the Soviet authorities to begin the evacuation of Pripyat? | 36 hours | Semantic-3-The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster | How many hours did it take Soviet authorities to start evacuating Pripyat after the Chernobyl explosion? | After the explosion at Chernobyl, how much time in hours passed before Soviet authorities began the evacuation of Pripyat? | What was the number of hours after the Chernobyl explosion that the evacuation of Pripyat finally commenced? | It took Soviet authorities ____ after the Chernobyl explosion to begin the evacuation of Pripyat. | The evacuation of Pripyat began ____ after the Chernobyl explosion. |
How many minutes did the blackout last during Apollo 13's reentry? | 6 minutes | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | What was the duration of the communication blackout in minutes during the reentry of Apollo 13? | During Apollo 13's reentry, for how many minutes did the blackout persist? | For what length of time, in minutes, did the Apollo 13 blackout last upon reentry? | During Apollo 13's reentry, the blackout lasted for ____. | ____ was the number of minutes the blackout lasted during Apollo 13's reentry. |
How many fuel cells were lost on the Apollo 13 Service Module? | Two | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | What was the number of fuel cells that failed on the Service Module of Apollo 13? | On the Apollo 13 Service Module, how many fuel cells were lost? | How many of the fuel cells on Apollo 13's Service Module were lost? | On the Apollo 13 Service Module, ____ fuel cells were lost. | The number of fuel cells lost on the Apollo 13 Service Module was ____. |
What was the temperature inside the Apollo 13 Command Module during the drift? | 3 degrees Celsius | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | During the drift, what was the internal temperature of the Apollo 13 Command Module? | What was the temperature reading inside the Command Module of Apollo 13 while it was drifting? | In the Apollo 13 Command Module during the drift, what was the temperature? | During the drift, the temperature inside the Apollo 13 Command Module was ____. | ____ was the temperature inside the Apollo 13 Command Module during the drift. |
What was the voltage of the heater system that damaged Apollo 13's tank insulation? | 65 volts | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | What voltage did the heater system use that caused damage to the tank insulation on Apollo 13? | How many volts was the heater system that led to the damage of Apollo 13's tank insulation? | What was the heater system's voltage that resulted in the damage of Apollo 13's tank insulation? | The voltage of the heater system that damaged Apollo 13's tank insulation was ____. | ____ was the voltage of the heater system that damaged Apollo 13's tank insulation. |
What was the total weight of Apollo 13 at launch in pounds? | 6,395,000 pounds | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | In pounds, what was the overall weight of Apollo 13 when it launched? | What was the total weight in pounds of Apollo 13 at the time of liftoff? | How many pounds did Apollo 13 weigh in total at launch? | The total weight of Apollo 13 at launch was ____. | ____ was the total weight in pounds of Apollo 13 at launch. |
What was the name of the Apollo 13 backup Lunar Module Pilot? | Charles Duke | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | Who served as the backup Lunar Module Pilot for the Apollo 13 mission? | Name the individual who was the backup Lunar Module Pilot for Apollo 13. | For the Apollo 13 flight, who was designated as the backup Lunar Module Pilot? | ____ was the name of the Apollo 13 backup Lunar Module Pilot. | The name of the Apollo 13 backup Lunar Module Pilot was ____. |
Who was the astronaut in the simulator helping to solve the Apollo 13 power issue? | Ken Mattingly | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | Which astronaut used the simulator to assist in resolving the Apollo 13 power problem? | Who was the person in the simulator helping with the Apollo 13 power issue? | Name the astronaut who helped solve the power issue for Apollo 13 while in the simulator. | ____ was the astronaut in the simulator helping to solve the Apollo 13 power issue. | The astronaut in the simulator helping to solve the Apollo 13 power issue was ____. |
What was the intended lunar landing site for Apollo 13? | Fra Mauro | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | Where on the moon was Apollo 13 originally supposed to land? | What was the planned location for the Apollo 13 lunar landing? | Identify the intended site for the Apollo 13 moon landing. | The intended lunar landing site for Apollo 13 was ____. | ____ was the intended lunar landing site for Apollo 13. |
What was the name of the Apollo 13 Lunar Module? | Aquarius | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | How was the Lunar Module for Apollo 13 named? | What name was given to the Apollo 13 Lunar Module? | What was the Apollo 13 Lunar Module called? | The name of the Apollo 13 Lunar Module was ____. | ____ was the name of the Apollo 13 Lunar Module. |
What chemical was used to scrub carbon dioxide in the Apollo 13 cabin? | Lithium hydroxide | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | Which chemical substance scrubbed carbon dioxide from the Apollo 13 cabin? | In the Apollo 13 cabin, what chemical was utilized to remove carbon dioxide? | What was the name of the chemical used for carbon dioxide scrubbing in the Apollo 13 cabin? | ____ was the chemical used to scrub carbon dioxide in the Apollo 13 cabin. | The chemical used to scrub carbon dioxide in the Apollo 13 cabin was ____. |
Who was the Lead Flight Director for Apollo 13 in Houston? | Gene Kranz | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | In Houston, who served as the Lead Flight Director for the Apollo 13 mission? | Who held the position of Lead Flight Director during Apollo 13? | Name the Lead Flight Director for Apollo 13 based in Houston. | ____ was the Lead Flight Director for Apollo 13 in Houston. | The Lead Flight Director for Apollo 13 in Houston was ____. |
What was the speed of Apollo 13 at reentry in mph? | 24,689 mph | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | How fast was Apollo 13 traveling in mph during its reentry? | What was the reentry speed of Apollo 13 measured in mph? | At reentry, what was the speed of Apollo 13 in mph? | The speed of Apollo 13 at reentry was ____. | ____ was the speed of Apollo 13 at reentry in mph. |
What did the Apollo 13 crew see out the window after the explosion? | Venting gas | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | Following the explosion, what did the crew of Apollo 13 observe through the window? | What was visible out the window to the Apollo 13 crew after the explosion occurred? | After the explosion, what did the Apollo 13 crew notice outside the window? | After the explosion, the Apollo 13 crew saw ____ out the window. | ____ was what the Apollo 13 crew saw out the window after the explosion. |
In which ocean did the Apollo 13 capsule splash down? | Pacific Ocean | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | Where did the Apollo 13 capsule splash down? | Which ocean was the site of the Apollo 13 capsule's splashdown? | In what ocean did the Apollo 13 capsule land? | The Apollo 13 capsule splashed down in the ____. | The ocean where the Apollo 13 capsule splashed down was the ____. |
What was the color of Gene Kranz's famous vest during Apollo 13? | White | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | During Apollo 13, what color was Gene Kranz's well-known vest? | Identify the color of the famous vest worn by Gene Kranz during the Apollo 13 mission. | What was the specific color of the famous vest Gene Kranz wore during Apollo 13? | The color of Gene Kranz's famous vest during Apollo 13 was ____. | ____ was the color of Gene Kranz's famous vest during Apollo 13. |
On what date did Apollo 13 launch? | April 11, 1970 | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | What was the launch date of the Apollo 13 mission? | In 1970, on what day did Apollo 13 lift off? | When did the launch of Apollo 13 take place? | Apollo 13 launched on ____. | ____ was the date on which Apollo 13 launched. |
What was the nickname given to the improvised device built by the crew to adapt square CO2 scrubbers to round holes? | The Mailbox | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | What nickname was used for the makeshift device created by the crew to fit square CO2 scrubbers into round openings? | How was the improvised device built to adapt square CO2 scrubbers to round holes nicknamed by the crew? | What was the name of the improvised device the crew built to connect square CO2 scrubbers to round holes? | ____ was the nickname given to the improvised device built by the crew to adapt square CO2 scrubbers to round holes. | The nickname given to the improvised device built by the crew to adapt square CO2 scrubbers to round holes was ____. |
Which astronaut developed a kidney infection during the Apollo 13 flight? | Fred Haise | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | During the Apollo 13 mission, which crew member suffered from a kidney infection? | Who was the Apollo 13 astronaut that came down with a kidney infection while in flight? | Name the astronaut on Apollo 13 who developed a kidney infection. | ____ was the astronaut who developed a kidney infection during the Apollo 13 flight. | The astronaut who developed a kidney infection during the Apollo 13 flight was ____. |
What was the primary source of power for the Aquarius Lunar Module? | Silver-zinc batteries | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | What provided the main source of power for the Lunar Module Aquarius? | What were the primary power sources used by the Aquarius Lunar Module? | How was the Aquarius Lunar Module primarily powered? | The primary source of power for the Aquarius Lunar Module was ____. | ____ were the primary source of power for the Aquarius Lunar Module. |
What component failed during the pre-flight ground test of Apollo 13's oxygen tank? | Heater thermostatic switch | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | In the pre-flight ground test for Apollo 13, which oxygen tank component failed? | Which part of the Apollo 13 oxygen tank malfunctioned during its pre-flight test on the ground? | Identify the component that failed during the Apollo 13 oxygen tank pre-flight ground test. | The component that failed during the pre-flight ground test of Apollo 13's oxygen tank was the ____. | During the pre-flight ground test of Apollo 13's oxygen tank, the ____ failed. |
Which oxygen tank exploded on the Apollo 13 spacecraft? | Tank 2 | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | Which of the oxygen tanks on Apollo 13 suffered an explosion? | Which specific oxygen tank on the Apollo 13 spacecraft exploded? | On Apollo 13, which oxygen tank was the one that exploded? | ____ was the oxygen tank that exploded on the Apollo 13 spacecraft. | The oxygen tank that exploded on the Apollo 13 spacecraft was ____. |
What was the name of the flight team led by Gene Kranz? | White Team | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | How was the flight team under the leadership of Gene Kranz named? | What name was assigned to the flight team that Gene Kranz led? | What was the name for the flight team directed by Gene Kranz? | The name of the flight team led by Gene Kranz was the ____. | ____ was the name of the flight team led by Gene Kranz. |
Which Apollo 13 astronaut had previously flown on Gemini 7? | Jim Lovell | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | Which member of the Apollo 13 crew had a history of flying on Gemini 7? | Of the Apollo 13 astronauts, who had flown on mission Gemini 7 before? | Name the Apollo 13 astronaut who was a veteran of the Gemini 7 flight. | ____ was the Apollo 13 astronaut who had previously flown on Gemini 7. | The Apollo 13 astronaut who had previously flown on Gemini 7 was ____. |
Which company manufactured the Apollo 13 Service Module? | North American Rockwell | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | Who was the manufacturer of the Apollo 13 Service Module? | What company was responsible for building the Service Module of Apollo 13? | Which firm manufactured the Service Module for the Apollo 13 mission? | ____ was the company that manufactured the Apollo 13 Service Module. | The company that manufactured the Apollo 13 Service Module was ____. |
What was the mission duration of Apollo 13 in hours? | 142 hours | Semantic-4-The Apollo 13 Mission | In hours, how long did the Apollo 13 mission last? | What was the total length of the Apollo 13 mission in hours? | For how many hours did the Apollo 13 mission run? | The mission duration of Apollo 13 was ____. | ____ was the mission duration of Apollo 13 in hours. |
LKF baseline data for the Challenger disaster topic: retain evaluation
This dataset holds the semantic retain evaluation questions of the LKF baseline comparison data used in the paper "Forget Narrowly, Retain Broadly: Unlearning as an Asymmetric Generalization Problem". It adapts the Challenger disaster topic of the LKF (Lesser-Known Facts) dataset, introduced in "Unlearning That Lasts" (Singh et al., 2025), to the format of our unlearning pipeline.
It is not part of the SUITE benchmark. It exists to reproduce the paper's dataset comparison experiment, in which the same Challenger disaster facts are unlearned by training on LKF data instead of SUITE data.
The three baseline repositories
| Repository | Contents |
|---|---|
LKF-baseline-challenger-train |
training splits |
LKF-baseline-challenger-forget-eval |
forget evaluation questions with rephrasings |
LKF-baseline-challenger-retain-eval (this repository) |
semantic retain evaluation questions with rephrasings |
Splits and columns
One split, retain_eval_semantic, with 125 questions about topics semantically close to the
Challenger disaster (for example the Columbia disaster, the Apollo 1 fire, the Chernobyl disaster,
and the Apollo 13 mission). The label column marks the neighboring topic. Each row carries the
original question plus 3 paraphrases (q_gemini1 to q_gemini3) and 2 fill-in-the-blank variants
(blank_gemini1 to blank_gemini2), used to measure over-forgetting on retained knowledge.
| Split | Rows | Columns |
|---|---|---|
retain_eval_semantic |
125 | question, answer, label, q_gemini1 ... q_gemini3, blank_gemini1 ... blank_gemini2 |
Usage
The paper's code consumes these datasets through the challenger_baseline topic config:
TOPIC=challenger_baseline bash scripts/suite_unlearn.sh
This experiment runs on Llama only and uses its own hyperparameter defaults (10 epochs, random forget-retain pairing).
Related datasets
The SUITE benchmark itself: apeleg/SUITE and
apeleg/SUITE-rephrasings. The full
taxonomy and results are on the
project page.
Citation
@article{peleg2026forget,
title = {Forget Narrowly, Retain Broadly: Unlearning as an Asymmetric Generalization Problem},
author = {Peleg, Amit and Singh, Naman Deep and Pearl, Naama and Mohapatra, Bibhabasu and Hein, Matthias},
journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.09236},
year = {2026}
}
The original LKF dataset:
@article{singh2025unlearning,
title = {Unlearning That Lasts: Utility-Preserving, Robust, and Almost Irreversible Forgetting in LLMs},
author = {Singh, Naman Deep and M{\"u}ller, Maximilian and Croce, Francesco and Hein, Matthias},
journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.02820},
year = {2025}
}
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