ardauzunoglu/perturbated_arc_easy · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 7 635	choices sequence	answerKey stringclasses 9 values
Mercury_417466	What is the primary reason photosynthesis is the basis of most food webs?	{ "text": [ "Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.", "Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.", "Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.", "The producers in all ecosystems are plants." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7081673	What personal protective equipment prevents mold spores from being inhaled?	{ "text": [ "safety goggles", "breathing mask", "rubber gloves", "lead apron" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7239733	Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. In which cells does meiosis take place?	{ "text": [ "brain cells", "bone cells", "muscle cells", "ovary cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_8	What is the texture of a kitten's fur like?	{ "text": [ "gray", "warm", "long", "soft" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7037258	What is the composition of an atom?	{ "text": [ "a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles", "a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles", "a network of interacting positive and negative particles", "overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
CSZ20679	What is the most suitable unit of measurement for expressing the distance between the Milky Way and other galaxies?	{ "text": [ "meter.", "kilometer.", "light-year.", "astronomical unit." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_182158	What should the student do last before exiting the lab after completing their lab activity?	{ "text": [ "wash hands", "turn off all equipment", "put away all glassware", "wash instruments and table tops" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7216668	Researchers are studying how various fertilizers impact plant growth. What units would be most suitable for measuring the mass of the fertilizer applied?	{ "text": [ "meters", "centimeters", "grams", "milligrams" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
MCAS_2001_5_19	Plants utilize sunlight to produce	{ "text": [ "soil.", "minerals.", "food.", "water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_SC_413631	What is the correct method of material transport in a plant?	{ "text": [ "Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.", "Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.", "Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.", "Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
MCAS_2005_5_10	What changes happen on the forest floor when trees grow leaves in the spring, and why do these changes occur?	{ "text": [ "Rainfall increases.", "Sunlight is reduced.", "Wind speed increases.", "Animal migration is stopped." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7166145	How do the circulatory and endocrine systems collaborate within the human body?	{ "text": [ "taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body", "releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body", "absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body", "collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
MSA_2013_5_6	A student tosses a ball upwards. As the ball rises, its speed drops. What force is responsible for slowing the ball down while it ascends?	{ "text": [ "electricity", "gravity", "magnetism", "tension" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_405199	What is the most likely threat to a habitat?	{ "text": [ "planting trees", "water pollution", "rainfall", "sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_28	All matter, whether living or nonliving, is made up of	{ "text": [ "air", "elements", "water", "soil" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2
Mercury_SC_401777	What process is responsible for the Grand Canyon's extensive width?	{ "text": [ "folding", "erosion", "deposition", "sedimentation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7198188	Rising global temperatures will impact certain organisms more severely than others. Global warming changes may cause sea levels to rise. What organisms will be most affected by the rising sea levels?	{ "text": [ "birds that eat fish from shallow waters", "fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters", "mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters", "crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
MCAS_1998_4_11	A bowl of sugar water sat on a windowsill. After seven days, only sugar crystals remained in the bowl. The water had vanished. The most likely explanation for the formation of sugar crystals is	{ "text": [ "some of the water was absorbed by the dish.", "the air condensed.", "the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "the water evaporated." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_SC_LBS10784	Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using what type of simple machine?	{ "text": [ "pulley", "lever", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7033548	When magma intrudes into surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will	{ "text": [ "erode.", "foliate.", "precipitate.", "recrystallize." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7146195	What would be the most suitable title for a research paper about the initial regrowth of a forest following a devastating fire?	{ "text": [ "Primary Succession", "Stable Communities", "Climax Communities", "Secondary Succession" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
NCEOGA_2013_8_36	What is the primary source of energy for plant growth and survival?	{ "text": [ "water", "soil", "air", "sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_SC_415412	What is a statement about climate?	{ "text": [ "The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.", "The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.", "The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.", "The average high temperature in May is 20°C." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7126840	As a stuntman jumps off a building's roof and falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?	{ "text": [ "gravity", "wind velocity", "kinetic energy", "potential energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_SC_408362	What tool will allow Jessica to view cells in an oak tree leaf?	{ "text": [ "binoculars", "microscope", "reading glasses", "magnifying glass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
MDSA_2008_8_35	Scientists study living things through experiments. What technique minimizes bias in experiments?	{ "text": [ "developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation", "limiting the amount of background research before the investigation", "designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation", "obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_21	What factor contributes most to the growth in rabbit population in a given area?	{ "text": [ "less water", "fewer predators", "lack of shelter", "limited food" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2
VASoL_2008_5_12	Seeds that stay dormant until the correct conditions of light, water, and soil are met are known as ___.	{ "text": [ "pollen", "dormant", "flowers", "recycled" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_LBS10680	What enables a light bulb to emit light?	{ "text": [ "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
MCAS_2003_5_3	What is the source of sound?	{ "text": [ "sunlight", "vibrations", "x-rays", "pitch" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
VASoL_2010_5_18	In which organisms does photosynthesis occur?	{ "text": [ "Sunflower plant", "Mushroom", "Sunfish", "Luna moth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7074900	For cells to grow normally, they need to	{ "text": [ "take in light.", "be specialized.", "take in nutrients.", "be of similar size." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_SC_408762	Here is a paraphrased version of the text, preserving the original structure and semantics: Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What do plants absorb from the air when sunlight is present?	{ "text": [ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
ACTAAP_2015_5_8	What conclusion is most strongly supported by the fossil evidence of tropical fern plants in Antarctica?	{ "text": [ "Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.", "Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.", "Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.", "Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7263008	What two lunar origin theories suggest the Moon is made up largely or entirely of material from Earth?	{ "text": [ "The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory", "The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory", "The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory", "The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
MCAS_2000_4_29	When white, fluffy clouds are seen in Massachusetts, the weather for the day is PROBABLY going to be	{ "text": [ "fair.", "stormy.", "foggy.", "rainy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
CSZ_2008_5_CSZ10233	What are the typical elements that make up organic compounds found in plants and animals?	{ "text": [ "iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.", "sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.", "helium, neon, argon, krypton.", "carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7128660	New findings reveal that an outdated theory's data is partially flawed. How should the scientific community address this outdated theory?	{ "text": [ "remove the old theory from historical records", "change the research notes in the original theory", "use the new information to update the old theory", "ban the public from discussing the old theory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7100520	What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?	{ "text": [ "capable of reproducing by meiosis", "ability to reproduce without a mate", "ability to produce genetically different offspring", "capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7017728	The speed of sound waves is determined by the	{ "text": [ "distance between the vibration source and the receiver.", "type of material through which the sound travels.", "size of the object making the sound.", "type of device making the sound." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7032865	Who discovered the first four moons of Jupiter?	{ "text": [ "Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Darwin", "Sir Isaac Newton" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_405057	What are the samples made of that the students are examining in science class?	{ "text": [ "gases", "rocks", "elements", "molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7057593	What season takes place when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun and sunlight hits Earth at an angle?	{ "text": [ "winter", "spring", "summer", "fall" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_SC_405231	A researcher discovered ocean shell fossils at a mountain summit. What conclusion can be drawn from this discovery?	{ "text": [ "The climate was once colder.", "The shells were carried by the wind.", "The mountain was covered by water.", "The shells once lived on dry land." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
VASoL_2007_5_38	A student observes various plants surrounding a pond. The student can identify nonvascular plants by	{ "text": [ "observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves", "examining the plants for spores", "counting the number of leaves on each stalk", "noticing if the plants are near rocks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_SC_410895	How do freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?	{ "text": [ "by freezing the leaves on trees", "by causing rocks to stick together", "by turning acid rain into acid snow", "by freezing water in the cracks of rocks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7015978	During the formation of a bond, an electron moves from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom, what becomes of the sodium atom in this process?	{ "text": [ "The mass of the atom increases.", "The atom becomes an isotope.", "The atomic number decreases.", "The atom becomes a positive ion." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
ACTAAP_2010_5_5	A group of fish was introduced into a local lake. This type of fish was previously unknown to the lake. Researchers are seeking to gather data on the lake's ecosystem's response to the new fish. What data collection method will yield the most accurate results?	{ "text": [ "Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months", "Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day", "Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years", "Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7080955	On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. What equipment would she most likely mention using daily to ensure patient safety?	{ "text": [ "earplugs", "rubber gloves", "goggles", "lead aprons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
ACTAAP_2009_5_4	For centuries, windmills have been utilized in the United States for agricultural purposes. What basic machine is the key component of a windmill?	{ "text": [ "lever", "pulley", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7017010	What tools are required to assess the impact of friction on a wooden block?	{ "text": [ "meter stick, spring scale", "balance, stopwatch", "balance, meter stick", "meter stick, stopwatch" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7146108	Exoplanets have been discovered. What evidence indicated a planet existed beyond our solar system?	{ "text": [ "radio wave emissions", "a wobble in the rotation of the star", "regular occurring eclipses of its moons", "the discovery of a star as large as our own" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_12	What process involves the movement of rock material by water and wind across Earth's surface?	{ "text": [ "conduction", "deposition", "erosion", "revolution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
VASoL_2009_5_3	The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface since it was the first mission with astronauts	{ "text": [ "land on the Moon", "orbit a planet", "return to Earth", "walk in space" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_SC_401253	A student adds a teaspoon of sugar to a large glass of water. What is the effect on the sugar when it's combined with water?	{ "text": [ "It boils.", "It melts.", "It dissolves.", "It evaporates." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7235953	What property of matter from the universe's early moments do these accelerators aim to replicate?	{ "text": [ "low density", "high energy", "massive nuclei", "circular movement" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_403974	A doorbell circuit transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy takes the form of vibrations, which ultimately result in	{ "text": [ "chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "radiant energy.", "sound energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7241063	What determines whether two individuals belong to the same species?	{ "text": [ "They live in the same habitat and niche.", "They forage and eat the same type of food.", "They mate and produce fertile offspring.", "They are similar in appearance and color." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
MCAS_2010_8_12015	Which planet is always nearer to the Sun than to Earth?	{ "text": [ "Jupiter", "Mercury", "Saturn", "Uranus" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7168350	What system is in charge of breaking down food to supply cells with energy?	{ "text": [ "digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_SC_402980	In what activity should goggles be worn by a student?	{ "text": [ "writing a science report", "mixing baking soda with water", "measuring the length of a shadow", "examining a leaf with a microscope" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_417126	Bacillus thuringiensis is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects, and its genes have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Which of the following would farmers using Bt cotton likely use less of?	{ "text": [ "water", "fertilizer", "herbicide", "insecticide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_2	A student analyzed a rock sample and noted particles of different colors, ranging from 1 to 12 millimeters in size, and the student was making	{ "text": [ "an inference", "a hypothesis", "a prediction", "an observation" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	4
NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_13	What is the composition of genes?	{ "text": [ "offspring", "DNA", "cells", "traits" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2
Mercury_177223	What type of change is illustrated when a teacher adds sulfuric acid to sugar in a beaker, causing it to turn yellow and black with smoke and a strong smell?	{ "text": [ "chemical", "physical", "magnetic", "electric" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7200533	Marta researched various forms of energy. What two types of energy propagate in a wave-like manner?	{ "text": [ "light and sound", "electrical and sound", "chemical and light", "chemical and electrical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_SC_400707	Some mountain peaks are sharp and pointed, while others are smooth and rounded, likely due to	{ "text": [ "rivers flooding along a coastal plain.", "erosion and weathering.", "earthquakes and waves.", "rocks melted underground by lava." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_400380	A student proposes to the school board the adoption of a renewable energy source. The student recommends that they utilize	{ "text": [ "coal.", "wind.", "wood.", "natural gas." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7205590	Here is the paraphrased text: Solar radiation is stronger near the equator than at the poles on Earth. The equator's excess heat is mainly transferred by	{ "text": [ "ocean currents.", "aquatic plants.", "surface winds.", "tectonic plates." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_30	What human action can aid in preserving the planet's natural resources?	{ "text": [ "leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_17	What trait enables certain animals to protect themselves from predators?	{ "text": [ "strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
VASoL_2008_3_5	Most plants start their life cycle as ___.	{ "text": [ "leaves", "flowers", "roots", "seeds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_SC_415390	What natural material would be suitable for Erin to create a lightweight yet sturdy chair?	{ "text": [ "iron", "granite", "clay", "wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_SC_408436	Jonathon researched bears and discovered they have both innate and learned behaviors. What type of behavior is a bear most likely to be born with?	{ "text": [ "how to find food in garbage cans", "how to hibernate during the winter", "how to seek shelter in a hollow log", "how to live in human neighborhoods" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_401143	A school of the same fish species swim together to boost a single fish's	{ "text": [ "swimming speed.", "body temperature.", "chance of survival.", "visibility to predators." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
LEAP_2005_8_10403	What group of organisms is primarily responsible for replenishing a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen in the oxygen cycle?	{ "text": [ "mammals", "fungi", "insects", "plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7108045	What type of organisms will the overuse of antibiotics in chickens most likely influence through natural selection?	{ "text": [ "chickens that naturally make the antibiotics", "microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics", "microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics", "chickens that are resistant to infection" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_402251	Why does the experiment require three trials to measure the average time for a toy car to travel 10 meters?	{ "text": [ "to form a good hypothesis", "to increase the accuracy of the results", "to make the results more significant", "to better explain the investigation to others" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7071418	What is another possible reason for the rock formation's transformation from sedimentary to metamorphic?	{ "text": [ "weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks", "pressure on the rock formation inside Earth", "a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded", "a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_407370	The Earth's orbit around the Sun results in	{ "text": [ "the changing of the seasons.", "daily tidal cycles.", "day to become night.", "the phases of the Moon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7084595	The rotation of the Earth causes the cycle of day and night.	{ "text": [ "the Moon revolving around Earth.", "Earth revolving around the Sun.", "the Moon rotating on its axis.", "Earth rotating on its axis." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7041335	What trait is most shaped by environmental factors?	{ "text": [ "weight", "hair color", "blood type", "handedness" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7236320	What characteristic of a gas significantly impacts the climates of both Earth and Venus?	{ "text": [ "Nitrogen is chemically inert.", "Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.", "Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.", "Argon is unable to react with water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
LEAP__5_10308	Significant advancements have been made in DNA technology over the past two decades. What task has been simplified as a result of these advancements in DNA technology?	{ "text": [ "identifying genetic disorders", "determining the parts of an atom", "observing distant objects in space", "making very accurate measurements" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7068425	What is the essential condition for the formation of metamorphic rocks?	{ "text": [ "constant weathering and erosion", "extreme pressure and heating", "rapid burial of sediments", "slow cooling of magma" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_401308	What event leads to the replenishment of a resource?	{ "text": [ "A seed is planted from a tree.", "An offshore rig pumps oil.", "A car is filled with gasoline.", "An office is heated with coal." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_18	What part of a plant absorbs water and nutrients from the soil?	{ "text": [ "root", "stem", "flower", "leaf" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7165550	What type of energy conversion is represented by a hybrid car's braking system that recovers and stores energy in batteries?	{ "text": [ "kinetic energy converted to potential energy", "chemical energy converted to kinetic energy", "chemical energy converted to thermal energy", "thermal energy converted to potential energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7114923	What type of relationship is demonstrated when clownfish live among sea anemone tentacles and clean them?	{ "text": [ "parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism", "neutralism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_SC_408434	What describes an animal that adapts to locate food during scarcity?	{ "text": [ "a robin that builds a nest", "an owl that calls at night", "a duck that swims in water", "a goose that migrates in winter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7008453	What device is best suited for a student to measure wind speed changes preceding a storm?	{ "text": [ "barometer", "hygrometer", "anemometer", "weather vane" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_14	An organism is born with a genetic mutation its ancestors never had, likely due to	{ "text": [ "circulation", "competition", "mutation", "respiration" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_24	The duration of a day on Earth is based on its rotational period.	{ "text": [ "the Moon to revolve once", "the Moon to rotate once", "Earth to rotate once", "Earth to revolve once" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3
NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_6	When a rock is submerged in a graduated cylinder of water, the water level will	{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase", "remain the same" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C" ] }	B
Mercury_400279	A student heats two different liquids with the same initial temperature over Bunsen burners. Given that one liquid has a higher specific heat capacity than the other, which liquid will	{ "text": [ "evaporate sooner.", "take longer to increase in temperature.", "condense over a longer period.", "chemically break down at a faster rate." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7092190	What activity provides animals with the carbon necessary for their bodies?	{ "text": [ "eating", "breathing", "running", "sleeping" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7113890	To which kingdom would these organisms, which can survive in 90°C water and don't require sunlight or oxygen, be classified by scientists?	{ "text": [ "Archaebacteria", "Fungi", "Plantae", "Protista" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
TAKS_2009_8_17	Which two main body systems collaborate to trigger this reaction when a cook withdraws their hand from a hot stove?	{ "text": [ "Integumentary and endocrine systems", "Muscular and respiratory systems", "Nervous and muscular systems", "Skeletal and nervous systems" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
AKDE&ED_2008_4_3	What characteristic is common to both gases and liquids?	{ "text": [ "Their shapes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes change when they are in different containers.", "Their volumes stay the same in any container.", "Their volumes change when they are in different containers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7202353	What biological concept in earthworms is illustrated by their movement to the top of the soil when it's saturated?	{ "text": [ "learned behavior", "migration instinct", "response to stimuli", "reproductive strategy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C

Mercury_417466

What is the primary reason photosynthesis is the basis of most food webs?

{ "text": [ "Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.", "Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.", "Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.", "The producers in all ecosystems are plants." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7081673

What personal protective equipment prevents mold spores from being inhaled?

{ "text": [ "safety goggles", "breathing mask", "rubber gloves", "lead apron" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7239733

Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. In which cells does meiosis take place?

{ "text": [ "brain cells", "bone cells", "muscle cells", "ovary cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_8

What is the texture of a kitten's fur like?

{ "text": [ "gray", "warm", "long", "soft" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7037258

What is the composition of an atom?

{ "text": [ "a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles", "a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles", "a network of interacting positive and negative particles", "overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

CSZ20679

What is the most suitable unit of measurement for expressing the distance between the Milky Way and other galaxies?

{ "text": [ "meter.", "kilometer.", "light-year.", "astronomical unit." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_182158

What should the student do last before exiting the lab after completing their lab activity?

{ "text": [ "wash hands", "turn off all equipment", "put away all glassware", "wash instruments and table tops" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7216668

Researchers are studying how various fertilizers impact plant growth. What units would be most suitable for measuring the mass of the fertilizer applied?

{ "text": [ "meters", "centimeters", "grams", "milligrams" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

MCAS_2001_5_19

Plants utilize sunlight to produce

{ "text": [ "soil.", "minerals.", "food.", "water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_SC_413631

What is the correct method of material transport in a plant?

{ "text": [ "Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.", "Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.", "Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.", "Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

MCAS_2005_5_10

What changes happen on the forest floor when trees grow leaves in the spring, and why do these changes occur?

{ "text": [ "Rainfall increases.", "Sunlight is reduced.", "Wind speed increases.", "Animal migration is stopped." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7166145

How do the circulatory and endocrine systems collaborate within the human body?

{ "text": [ "taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body", "releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body", "absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body", "collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

MSA_2013_5_6

A student tosses a ball upwards. As the ball rises, its speed drops. What force is responsible for slowing the ball down while it ascends?

{ "text": [ "electricity", "gravity", "magnetism", "tension" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_405199

What is the most likely threat to a habitat?

{ "text": [ "planting trees", "water pollution", "rainfall", "sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_28

All matter, whether living or nonliving, is made up of

{ "text": [ "air", "elements", "water", "soil" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

Mercury_SC_401777

What process is responsible for the Grand Canyon's extensive width?

{ "text": [ "folding", "erosion", "deposition", "sedimentation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7198188

Rising global temperatures will impact certain organisms more severely than others. Global warming changes may cause sea levels to rise. What organisms will be most affected by the rising sea levels?

{ "text": [ "birds that eat fish from shallow waters", "fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters", "mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters", "crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

MCAS_1998_4_11

A bowl of sugar water sat on a windowsill. After seven days, only sugar crystals remained in the bowl. The water had vanished. The most likely explanation for the formation of sugar crystals is

{ "text": [ "some of the water was absorbed by the dish.", "the air condensed.", "the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "the water evaporated." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_SC_LBS10784

Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using what type of simple machine?

{ "text": [ "pulley", "lever", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7033548

When magma intrudes into surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will

{ "text": [ "erode.", "foliate.", "precipitate.", "recrystallize." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7146195

What would be the most suitable title for a research paper about the initial regrowth of a forest following a devastating fire?

{ "text": [ "Primary Succession", "Stable Communities", "Climax Communities", "Secondary Succession" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

NCEOGA_2013_8_36

What is the primary source of energy for plant growth and survival?

{ "text": [ "water", "soil", "air", "sunlight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_SC_415412

What is a statement about climate?

{ "text": [ "The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.", "The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.", "The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.", "The average high temperature in May is 20°C." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7126840

As a stuntman jumps off a building's roof and falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?

{ "text": [ "gravity", "wind velocity", "kinetic energy", "potential energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_SC_408362

What tool will allow Jessica to view cells in an oak tree leaf?

{ "text": [ "binoculars", "microscope", "reading glasses", "magnifying glass" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

MDSA_2008_8_35

Scientists study living things through experiments. What technique minimizes bias in experiments?

{ "text": [ "developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation", "limiting the amount of background research before the investigation", "designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation", "obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_21

What factor contributes most to the growth in rabbit population in a given area?

{ "text": [ "less water", "fewer predators", "lack of shelter", "limited food" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

VASoL_2008_5_12

Seeds that stay dormant until the correct conditions of light, water, and soil are met are known as ___.

{ "text": [ "pollen", "dormant", "flowers", "recycled" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_LBS10680

What enables a light bulb to emit light?

{ "text": [ "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

MCAS_2003_5_3

What is the source of sound?

{ "text": [ "sunlight", "vibrations", "x-rays", "pitch" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

VASoL_2010_5_18

In which organisms does photosynthesis occur?

{ "text": [ "Sunflower plant", "Mushroom", "Sunfish", "Luna moth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7074900

For cells to grow normally, they need to

{ "text": [ "take in light.", "be specialized.", "take in nutrients.", "be of similar size." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_SC_408762

Here is a paraphrased version of the text, preserving the original structure and semantics: Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What do plants absorb from the air when sunlight is present?

{ "text": [ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ACTAAP_2015_5_8

What conclusion is most strongly supported by the fossil evidence of tropical fern plants in Antarctica?

{ "text": [ "Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.", "Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.", "Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.", "Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7263008

What two lunar origin theories suggest the Moon is made up largely or entirely of material from Earth?

{ "text": [ "The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory", "The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory", "The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory", "The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

MCAS_2000_4_29

When white, fluffy clouds are seen in Massachusetts, the weather for the day is PROBABLY going to be

{ "text": [ "fair.", "stormy.", "foggy.", "rainy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

CSZ_2008_5_CSZ10233

What are the typical elements that make up organic compounds found in plants and animals?

{ "text": [ "iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.", "sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.", "helium, neon, argon, krypton.", "carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7128660

New findings reveal that an outdated theory's data is partially flawed. How should the scientific community address this outdated theory?

{ "text": [ "remove the old theory from historical records", "change the research notes in the original theory", "use the new information to update the old theory", "ban the public from discussing the old theory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7100520

What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?

{ "text": [ "capable of reproducing by meiosis", "ability to reproduce without a mate", "ability to produce genetically different offspring", "capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7017728

The speed of sound waves is determined by the

{ "text": [ "distance between the vibration source and the receiver.", "type of material through which the sound travels.", "size of the object making the sound.", "type of device making the sound." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7032865

Who discovered the first four moons of Jupiter?

{ "text": [ "Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Darwin", "Sir Isaac Newton" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_405057

What are the samples made of that the students are examining in science class?

{ "text": [ "gases", "rocks", "elements", "molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7057593

What season takes place when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun and sunlight hits Earth at an angle?

{ "text": [ "winter", "spring", "summer", "fall" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_SC_405231

A researcher discovered ocean shell fossils at a mountain summit. What conclusion can be drawn from this discovery?

{ "text": [ "The climate was once colder.", "The shells were carried by the wind.", "The mountain was covered by water.", "The shells once lived on dry land." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

VASoL_2007_5_38

A student observes various plants surrounding a pond. The student can identify nonvascular plants by

{ "text": [ "observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves", "examining the plants for spores", "counting the number of leaves on each stalk", "noticing if the plants are near rocks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_SC_410895

How do freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?

{ "text": [ "by freezing the leaves on trees", "by causing rocks to stick together", "by turning acid rain into acid snow", "by freezing water in the cracks of rocks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7015978

During the formation of a bond, an electron moves from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom, what becomes of the sodium atom in this process?

{ "text": [ "The mass of the atom increases.", "The atom becomes an isotope.", "The atomic number decreases.", "The atom becomes a positive ion." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ACTAAP_2010_5_5

A group of fish was introduced into a local lake. This type of fish was previously unknown to the lake. Researchers are seeking to gather data on the lake's ecosystem's response to the new fish. What data collection method will yield the most accurate results?

{ "text": [ "Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months", "Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day", "Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years", "Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7080955

On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. What equipment would she most likely mention using daily to ensure patient safety?

{ "text": [ "earplugs", "rubber gloves", "goggles", "lead aprons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ACTAAP_2009_5_4

For centuries, windmills have been utilized in the United States for agricultural purposes. What basic machine is the key component of a windmill?

{ "text": [ "lever", "pulley", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7017010

What tools are required to assess the impact of friction on a wooden block?

{ "text": [ "meter stick, spring scale", "balance, stopwatch", "balance, meter stick", "meter stick, stopwatch" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7146108

Exoplanets have been discovered. What evidence indicated a planet existed beyond our solar system?

{ "text": [ "radio wave emissions", "a wobble in the rotation of the star", "regular occurring eclipses of its moons", "the discovery of a star as large as our own" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_12

What process involves the movement of rock material by water and wind across Earth's surface?

{ "text": [ "conduction", "deposition", "erosion", "revolution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

VASoL_2009_5_3

The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface since it was the first mission with astronauts

{ "text": [ "land on the Moon", "orbit a planet", "return to Earth", "walk in space" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_SC_401253

A student adds a teaspoon of sugar to a large glass of water. What is the effect on the sugar when it's combined with water?

{ "text": [ "It boils.", "It melts.", "It dissolves.", "It evaporates." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7235953

What property of matter from the universe's early moments do these accelerators aim to replicate?

{ "text": [ "low density", "high energy", "massive nuclei", "circular movement" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_403974

A doorbell circuit transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy takes the form of vibrations, which ultimately result in

{ "text": [ "chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "radiant energy.", "sound energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7241063

What determines whether two individuals belong to the same species?

{ "text": [ "They live in the same habitat and niche.", "They forage and eat the same type of food.", "They mate and produce fertile offspring.", "They are similar in appearance and color." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

MCAS_2010_8_12015

Which planet is always nearer to the Sun than to Earth?

{ "text": [ "Jupiter", "Mercury", "Saturn", "Uranus" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7168350

What system is in charge of breaking down food to supply cells with energy?

{ "text": [ "digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_SC_402980

In what activity should goggles be worn by a student?

{ "text": [ "writing a science report", "mixing baking soda with water", "measuring the length of a shadow", "examining a leaf with a microscope" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_417126

Bacillus thuringiensis is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects, and its genes have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Which of the following would farmers using Bt cotton likely use less of?

{ "text": [ "water", "fertilizer", "herbicide", "insecticide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_2

A student analyzed a rock sample and noted particles of different colors, ranging from 1 to 12 millimeters in size, and the student was making

{ "text": [ "an inference", "a hypothesis", "a prediction", "an observation" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

4

NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_13

What is the composition of genes?

{ "text": [ "offspring", "DNA", "cells", "traits" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

Mercury_177223

What type of change is illustrated when a teacher adds sulfuric acid to sugar in a beaker, causing it to turn yellow and black with smoke and a strong smell?

{ "text": [ "chemical", "physical", "magnetic", "electric" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7200533

Marta researched various forms of energy. What two types of energy propagate in a wave-like manner?

{ "text": [ "light and sound", "electrical and sound", "chemical and light", "chemical and electrical" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_SC_400707

Some mountain peaks are sharp and pointed, while others are smooth and rounded, likely due to

{ "text": [ "rivers flooding along a coastal plain.", "erosion and weathering.", "earthquakes and waves.", "rocks melted underground by lava." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_400380

A student proposes to the school board the adoption of a renewable energy source. The student recommends that they utilize

{ "text": [ "coal.", "wind.", "wood.", "natural gas." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7205590

Here is the paraphrased text: Solar radiation is stronger near the equator than at the poles on Earth. The equator's excess heat is mainly transferred by

{ "text": [ "ocean currents.", "aquatic plants.", "surface winds.", "tectonic plates." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_30

What human action can aid in preserving the planet's natural resources?

{ "text": [ "leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_17

What trait enables certain animals to protect themselves from predators?

{ "text": [ "strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

VASoL_2008_3_5

Most plants start their life cycle as ___.

{ "text": [ "leaves", "flowers", "roots", "seeds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_SC_415390

What natural material would be suitable for Erin to create a lightweight yet sturdy chair?

{ "text": [ "iron", "granite", "clay", "wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_SC_408436

Jonathon researched bears and discovered they have both innate and learned behaviors. What type of behavior is a bear most likely to be born with?

{ "text": [ "how to find food in garbage cans", "how to hibernate during the winter", "how to seek shelter in a hollow log", "how to live in human neighborhoods" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_401143

A school of the same fish species swim together to boost a single fish's

{ "text": [ "swimming speed.", "body temperature.", "chance of survival.", "visibility to predators." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

LEAP_2005_8_10403

What group of organisms is primarily responsible for replenishing a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen in the oxygen cycle?

{ "text": [ "mammals", "fungi", "insects", "plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7108045

What type of organisms will the overuse of antibiotics in chickens most likely influence through natural selection?

{ "text": [ "chickens that naturally make the antibiotics", "microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics", "microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics", "chickens that are resistant to infection" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_402251

Why does the experiment require three trials to measure the average time for a toy car to travel 10 meters?

{ "text": [ "to form a good hypothesis", "to increase the accuracy of the results", "to make the results more significant", "to better explain the investigation to others" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7071418

What is another possible reason for the rock formation's transformation from sedimentary to metamorphic?

{ "text": [ "weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks", "pressure on the rock formation inside Earth", "a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded", "a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_407370

The Earth's orbit around the Sun results in

{ "text": [ "the changing of the seasons.", "daily tidal cycles.", "day to become night.", "the phases of the Moon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7084595

The rotation of the Earth causes the cycle of day and night.

{ "text": [ "the Moon revolving around Earth.", "Earth revolving around the Sun.", "the Moon rotating on its axis.", "Earth rotating on its axis." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7041335

What trait is most shaped by environmental factors?

{ "text": [ "weight", "hair color", "blood type", "handedness" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7236320

What characteristic of a gas significantly impacts the climates of both Earth and Venus?

{ "text": [ "Nitrogen is chemically inert.", "Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.", "Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.", "Argon is unable to react with water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

LEAP__5_10308

Significant advancements have been made in DNA technology over the past two decades. What task has been simplified as a result of these advancements in DNA technology?

{ "text": [ "identifying genetic disorders", "determining the parts of an atom", "observing distant objects in space", "making very accurate measurements" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7068425

What is the essential condition for the formation of metamorphic rocks?

{ "text": [ "constant weathering and erosion", "extreme pressure and heating", "rapid burial of sediments", "slow cooling of magma" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_401308

What event leads to the replenishment of a resource?

{ "text": [ "A seed is planted from a tree.", "An offshore rig pumps oil.", "A car is filled with gasoline.", "An office is heated with coal." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_18

What part of a plant absorbs water and nutrients from the soil?

{ "text": [ "root", "stem", "flower", "leaf" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7165550

What type of energy conversion is represented by a hybrid car's braking system that recovers and stores energy in batteries?

{ "text": [ "kinetic energy converted to potential energy", "chemical energy converted to kinetic energy", "chemical energy converted to thermal energy", "thermal energy converted to potential energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7114923

What type of relationship is demonstrated when clownfish live among sea anemone tentacles and clean them?

{ "text": [ "parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism", "neutralism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_SC_408434

What describes an animal that adapts to locate food during scarcity?

{ "text": [ "a robin that builds a nest", "an owl that calls at night", "a duck that swims in water", "a goose that migrates in winter" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7008453

What device is best suited for a student to measure wind speed changes preceding a storm?

{ "text": [ "barometer", "hygrometer", "anemometer", "weather vane" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_14

An organism is born with a genetic mutation its ancestors never had, likely due to

{ "text": [ "circulation", "competition", "mutation", "respiration" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_24

The duration of a day on Earth is based on its rotational period.

{ "text": [ "the Moon to revolve once", "the Moon to rotate once", "Earth to rotate once", "Earth to revolve once" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_6

When a rock is submerged in a graduated cylinder of water, the water level will

{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase", "remain the same" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C" ] }

B

Mercury_400279

A student heats two different liquids with the same initial temperature over Bunsen burners. Given that one liquid has a higher specific heat capacity than the other, which liquid will

{ "text": [ "evaporate sooner.", "take longer to increase in temperature.", "condense over a longer period.", "chemically break down at a faster rate." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7092190

What activity provides animals with the carbon necessary for their bodies?

{ "text": [ "eating", "breathing", "running", "sleeping" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7113890

To which kingdom would these organisms, which can survive in 90°C water and don't require sunlight or oxygen, be classified by scientists?

{ "text": [ "Archaebacteria", "Fungi", "Plantae", "Protista" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

TAKS_2009_8_17

Which two main body systems collaborate to trigger this reaction when a cook withdraws their hand from a hot stove?

{ "text": [ "Integumentary and endocrine systems", "Muscular and respiratory systems", "Nervous and muscular systems", "Skeletal and nervous systems" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

AKDE&ED_2008_4_3

What characteristic is common to both gases and liquids?

{ "text": [ "Their shapes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes change when they are in different containers.", "Their volumes stay the same in any container.", "Their volumes change when they are in different containers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7202353

What biological concept in earthworms is illustrated by their movement to the top of the soil when it's saturated?

{ "text": [ "learned behavior", "migration instinct", "response to stimuli", "reproductive strategy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C