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Hydrology is the science which studies the water cycle as a whole, hence the water exchanges between soil and atmosphere ( precipitation and evaporation ) but also between the soil and sub ground (groundwater).
Switzerland has a varied and complex hydrological system. The climate of Switzerland gives precipitation und... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland |
The Catawissa Tunnel is a mine drainage tunnel in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania , in the United States. [ 1 ] Its properties include the discharge , the pH , the chemical hydrology , and the water temperature. A total of 30 different metals and metalloids have been observed in the tunnel's waters. [ 2 ] The hydrologi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrology_of_the_Catawissa_Tunnel |
Hydrolysis ( / h aɪ ˈ d r ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s / ; from Ancient Greek hydro- ' water ' and lysis ' to unbind ' ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution , elimination , and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile . [ 1 ]
Bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysis |
The word hydrolysis is applied to chemical reactions in which a substance reacts with water. In organic chemistry, the products of the reaction are usually molecular, being formed by combination with H and OH groups (e.g., hydrolysis of an ester to an alcohol and a carboxylic acid ). In inorganic chemistry, the word mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolysis_constant |
Hydrolyzed vegetable protein ( HVP ) products are foodstuffs obtained by the hydrolysis of protein , and have a meaty, savory taste similar to broth (bouillon).
Regarding the production process, a distinction can be made between acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein (aHVP), enzymatically produced HVP, and other seasonings... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolyzed_vegetable_protein |
Hydrometalation (hydrometallation) is a type of chemical reaction in organometallic chemistry in which a chemical compound with a hydrogen to metal bond (M-H, metal hydride ) adds to compounds with an unsaturated bond like an alkene (RC=CR) forming a new compound with a carbon to metal bond (RHC-CRM). [ 1 ] The metal i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometalation |
Hydrometallurgy is a technique within the field of extractive metallurgy , the obtaining of metals from their ores. Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Processing techniques that complement hydrometallu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometallurgy |
Hydrometeor loading is the induced drag effects on the atmosphere from a falling hydrometeor . When falling at terminal velocity , the value of this drag is equal to gr h , where g is the acceleration due to gravity and r h is the mixing ratio of the hydrometeors. Hydrometeor loading has a net-negative effect on the at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometeor_loading |
Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere for academic research, commercial gain or operational forecasting purposes.
Whilst traditionally meteorologists and hydrologists sit within separate organisations, h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometeorology |
Hydromethanation , [hahy-droh- meth-uh-ney-shuhn] is the process by which methane (the main constituent of natural gas ) is produced through the combination of steam , carbonaceous solids and a catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor . The process, developed over the past 60 years by multiple research groups, enables the h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydromethanation |
Hydrometry is the monitoring of the components of the hydrological cycle including rainfall , groundwater characteristics, as well as water quality and flow characteristics of surface waters . [ 1 ] The etymology of the term hydrometry is from Greek : ὕδωρ ( hydor ) 'water' + μέτρον ( metron ) 'measure'.
Hydrometrics ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometry |
The hydromill trench cutter is a specialized type of construction equipment designed to dig the narrow but deep trenches used in the casting of slurry walls . Typically, it is a cutter attachment mounted on a crawler crane base machine, with different types of hose handling systems. The machine excavates by cutting the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydromill_trench_cutter |
In chemistry , hydronium ( hydroxonium in traditional British English ) is the cation [H 3 O] + , also written as H 3 O + , the type of oxonium ion produced by protonation of water . It is often viewed as the positive ion present when an Arrhenius acid is dissolved in water, as Arrhenius acid molecules in solution give... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydronium |
Hydroperoxides or peroxols are compounds of the form ROOH, where R stands for any group, typically organic , which contain the hydroperoxy functional group ( −OOH ). Hydroperoxide also refers to the hydroperoxide anion ( − OOH ) and its salts , and the neutral hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH) consist of an unbond hydroperox... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroperoxide |
The hydroperoxyl radical , also known as the hydrogen superoxide , is the protonated form of superoxide with the chemical formula HO 2 , also written HOO • . This species plays an important role in the atmosphere and as a reactive oxygen species in cell biology. [ 2 ]
The molecule has a bent structure. [ 3 ]
The sup... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroperoxyl |
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water. [ 1 ]
In contrast, hydrophobes are not attracted to water and may seem to be repelled by it. Hygroscopics are attracted to water, but are not dissolved by water.
A hydrophilic molecule or port... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophile |
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography , HILIC ) [ 1 ] is a variant of normal phase liquid chromatography that partly overlaps with other chromatographic applications such as ion chromatography and reversed phase liquid chromatography . HILIC uses hydrophilic stationary... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophilic_interaction_chromatography |
In chemistry , hydrophobicity is the chemical property of a molecule (called a hydrophobe ) that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water . [ 1 ] In contrast, hydrophiles are attracted to water.
Hydrophobic molecules tend to be nonpolar and, thus, prefer other neutral molecules and nonpolar solvents . Because water ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobe |
The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and to be excluded by water . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The word hydrophobic literally means "water-fearing", and it describes the segregation of water and nonpolar substances, which maximizes the entropy of water and minimizes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_effect |
Hydrophobic sand (or magic sand ) is a toy made from sand coated with a hydrophobic compound. The presence of the hydrophobic compound causes the grains of sand to adhere to one another and form cylinders (to minimize surface area ) when exposed to water, and form a pocket of air around the sand. [ 1 ] The pocket of ai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_sand |
Hydrophobic soil is a soil whose particles repel water. The layer of hydrophobicity is commonly found at or a few centimeters below the surface, parallel to the soil profile. [ 1 ] This layer can vary in thickness and abundance and is typically covered by a layer of ash or burned soil.
Hydrophobic soil is most familia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_soil |
Hydrophobicity scales are values that define the relative hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of amino acid residues. The more positive the value, the more hydrophobic are the amino acids located in that region of the protein. These scales are commonly used to predict the transmembrane alpha-helices of membrane proteins .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobicity_scales |
Hydrophosphination is the insertion of a double bond into a phosphorus - hydrogen bond. Often the hydrophosphination makes phosphorus-carbon bonds by addition of P-H bonds to carbon-carbon multiple bonds, but the reaction is probably most useful in reactions of phosphine with formaldehyde, a form of hydroxymethylation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophosphination |
Hydropneumatic devices (or hydro-pneumatic devices ) are systems that operate using water and gas. The devices are used in various applications.
A hydropneumatic device is a tool that functions by using water and gas. [ 1 ] Hydropneumatic refers to the pneumatic (gas) and hydraulic (water) components needed for operat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropneumatic_device |
The Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol (HSAP) is a global framework for assessing the sustainability of hydropower projects. The Protocol defines good and best practice at each stage of the life-cycle of a hydropower project across twenty-four environmental, social, technical and economic topics. [ 1 ]
The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower_Sustainability_Assessment_Protocol |
Hydroprocessing is a catalytic term relating to the processes of hydrocracking and hydrotreating . [ 1 ] These process are for the removal of sulfur , oxygen , nitrogen and metals from crude oil , this is done in the refining of fuel to enable lower sulfur levels in fuels. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
This article related ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroprocessing |
Hydroquinone , also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol , is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol , a derivative of benzene , having the chemical formula C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 . It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid . Substituted derivatives of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroquinone |
Hydroseeding (or hydraulic mulch seeding , hydro-mulching , hydraseeding ) is a planting process that uses a slurry of seed and mulch . It is often used as an erosion control technique on construction sites, as an alternative to the traditional process of broadcasting or sowing dry seed. [ 1 ]
The hydroseeding slurry ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroseeding |
Hydrosilylation , also called catalytic hydrosilation , describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds . [ 1 ] Ordinarily the reaction is conducted catalytically and usually the substrates are unsaturated organic compounds . Alkenes and alkynes give alkyl and vinyl silanes ; aldehydes and ketones give si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosilylation |
The hydrosphere (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ ( húdōr ) ' water ' and σφαῖρα ( sphaîra ) ' sphere ' ) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet , minor planet , or natural satellite . Although Earth 's hydrosphere has been around for about 4 billion years, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] it co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere |
When generating hydropower , the head is the distance that a given water source has to fall before the point where power is generated. Ultimately the force responsible for hydropower is gravity , so a hydroelectricity plant [ 1 ] with a tall/high head can produce more power than a similar plant with a short/low head. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_head |
In continuum mechanics , hydrostatic stress , also known as isotropic stress or volumetric stress , [ 1 ] is a component of stress which contains uniaxial stresses , but not shear stresses . [ 2 ] A specialized case of hydrostatic stress contains isotropic compressive stress, which changes only in volume, but not in sh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_stress |
A hydrostatic test is a way in which pressure vessels such as pipelines , plumbing , gas cylinders , boilers and fuel tanks can be tested for strength and leaks. The test involves filling the vessel or pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid in visual leak detection , and pressurization of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_test |
Hydrothermal carbonization ( HTC ) (also referred to as "aqueous carbonization at elevated temperature and pressure") is a chemical process for the conversion of organic compounds to structured carbons. It can be used to make a wide variety of nanostructured carbons, simple production of brown coal substitute, synthesi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_carbonization |
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization process used to convert wet biomass , and other macromolecules, into crude-like oil under moderate temperature and high pressure. [ 1 ] The crude-like oil has high energy density with a lower heating value of 33.8-36.9 MJ/kg and 5-20 wt% oxygen and renewable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_liquefaction |
Hydrothermal synthesis includes the various techniques of synthesizing substances from high-temperature aqueous solutions at high pressures ; also termed "hydrothermal method". The term " hydrothermal " is of geologic origin. [ 1 ] Geochemists and mineralogists have studied hydrothermal phase equilibria since the begin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_synthesis |
The hydrothermal vent microbial community includes all unicellular organisms that live and reproduce in a chemically distinct area around hydrothermal vents . These include organisms in the microbial mat , free floating cells, or bacteria in an endosymbiotic relationship with animals. Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria der... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent_microbial_communities |
Hydrotreated vegetable oil ( HVO ) is a biofuel made by the hydrocracking or hydrogenation of vegetable oil . Hydrocracking breaks big molecules into smaller ones using hydrogen while hydrogenation adds hydrogen to molecules. These methods can be used to create substitutes for gasoline , diesel , propane , kerosene and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrotreated_vegetable_oil |
Hydrous oxides are inorganic compounds of a metal, hydroxide , and weakly bound water. Some examples include:
Some of them, such as HFO and HAO, are precipitated in highly porous poorly crystalline or amorphous forms and therefore are good adsorbents used for example in water treatment . [ 5 ]
Some others are gels.
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrous_oxide |
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization process used to convert wet biomass , and other macromolecules, into crude-like oil under moderate temperature and high pressure. [ 1 ] The crude-like oil has high energy density with a lower heating value of 33.8-36.9 MJ/kg and 5-20 wt% oxygen and renewable... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrous_pyrolysis |
In organic chemistry , hydroxamic acids are a class of organic compounds having a general formula R− C(=O) −N(−OH)−R' bearing the functional group − C (= O )− N (−O H )− , where R and R' are typically organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl ) or hydrogen . They are amides ( R−C(=O)−NH−R' ) wherein the nitrogen atom has a h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxamic_acid |
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH − . It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond , and carries a negative electric charge . It is an important but usually minor constituent of water . It functions as a base , a ligand , a nucleophile , and a catalyst . The hy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxide |
In chemistry , a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry , alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO − , called hydroxide , and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxy_group |
Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene is a derivative of 2-acetylaminofluorene used as a biochemical tool in the study of carcinogenesis .
This article about an organic compound is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene |
Hydroxyarchaeol is a core lipid unique to archaea , similar to archaeol , with a hydroxide functional group at the carbon-3 position of one of its ether side chains. [ 1 ] It is found exclusively in certain taxa of methanogenic archaea , [ 2 ] and is a common biomarker for methanogenesis and methane-oxidation. Isotopic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyarchaeol |
Hydroxybenzotriazole (abbreviated HOBt) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 N 3 OH . It is a derivative of benzotriazole . It is a white crystalline powder, which as a commercial product contains some water (~11.7% wt as the HOBt monohydrate crystal). Anhydrous HOBt is explosive. [ citation needed ] It is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxybenzotriazole |
Hydroxycorticosteroids ( OHCSs ) are corticosteroids that have an additional hydroxy (-OH) group.
There are two main positions where the hydroxy group may be added: at carbon atom 11, and at carbon atom 17.
11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCSs) include:
17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCSs) include:
This organic chem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxycorticosteroids |
Hydroxyl ion absorption is the absorption in optical fibers of electromagnetic radiation , including the near- infrared , due to the presence of trapped hydroxyl ions remaining from water as a contaminant. [ 1 ]
The hydroxyl (OH − ) ion can penetrate glass during or after product fabrication, resulting in significant ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_ion_absorption |
In analytical chemistry , the hydroxyl value is defined as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize the acetic acid taken up on acetylation of one gram of a chemical substance that contains free hydroxyl groups . The analytical method used to determine hydroxyl value traditionally in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_number |
The hydroxyl radical , • HO , is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (HO – ). Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and consequently short-lived; however, they form an important part of radical chemistry . Most notably hydroxyl radicals are produced from the decomposition of hydroperoxides (ROOH) or, in atmospheric c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_radical |
Hydroxyl tagging velocimetry ( HTV ) is a velocimetry method used in humid air flows. The
method is often used in high-speed combusting flows because the high velocity and temperature
accentuate its advantages over similar methods. HTV uses a laser (often an argon-fluoride excimer laser operating at ~193 nm) to dissoc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_tagging_velocimetry |
In analytical chemistry , the hydroxyl value is defined as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize the acetic acid taken up on acetylation of one gram of a chemical substance that contains free hydroxyl groups . The analytical method used to determine hydroxyl value traditionally in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_value |
Hydroxylamine (also known as hydroxyammonia ) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N H 2 O H . The compound exists as hygroscopic colorless crystals . [ 4 ] Hydroxylamine is almost always provided and used as an aqueous solution or more often as one of its salts such as hydroxylammonium sulfate , a water-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylamine |
Hydroxylamine- O -sulfonic acid ( HOSA ) or aminosulfuric acid is the inorganic compound with molecular formula H 3 NO 4 S that is formed by the sulfonation of hydroxylamine with oleum . [ 2 ] It is a white, water-soluble and hygroscopic , solid, commonly represented by the condensed structural formula H 2 NOSO 3 H, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic_acid |
Hydroxylammonium nitrate or hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula [NH 3 OH] + [NO 3 ] − . It is a salt derived from hydroxylamine and nitric acid . In its pure form, it is a colourless hygroscopic solid. It has potential to be used as a rocket propellant either as a solution in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylammonium_nitrate |
The hydroxymethyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH 2 −OH . It consists of a methylene bridge ( −CH 2 − unit) bonded to a hydroxyl group ( −OH ). This makes the hydroxymethyl group an alcohol . It has the identical chemical formula with the methoxy group ( −O−CH 3 ) that differs only in the attachm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxymethyl_group |
The stability problem of functional equations originated from a question of Stanisław Ulam , posed in 1940, concerning the stability of group homomorphisms . In the next year, Donald H. Hyers [ 1 ] gave a partial affirmative answer to the question of Ulam in the context of Banach spaces in the case of additive mappings... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyers–Ulam–Rassias_stability |
A hyetograph is a graphical representation of the distribution of rainfall intensity over time. For instance, in the 24-hour rainfall distributions as developed by the Soil Conservation Service (now the NRCS or National Resources Conservation Service ), rainfall intensity progressively increases until it reaches a maxi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyetograph |
In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis states that early childhood exposure to particular microorganisms (such as the gut flora and helminth parasites) protects against allergies by properly tuning the immune system . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In particular, a lack of such exposure is thought to lead to poor immune tolerance . [ 1 ] Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene_hypothesis |
Hygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption or adsorption from the surrounding environment , which is usually at normal or room temperature. If water molecules become suspended among the substance's molecules, adsorbing substances can become physically changed, e.g. chan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygroscopy |
Hylotheism (from Gk. hyle , 'matter' and theos , 'God') is the belief that matter and God are the same, so in other words, defining God as matter. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The American Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod defines hylotheism is "Theory equating matter with God or merging one into the other" which it states as "Synonym fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylotheism |
Hyman Bass ( / ˈ h aɪ m ən b æ s / ; born October 5, 1932) [ 1 ] is an American mathematician , known for work in algebra and in mathematics education . From 1959 to 1998 he was Professor in the Mathematics Department at Columbia University . He is currently the Samuel Eilenberg Distinguished University Professor of Ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyman_Bass |
A hymenophore refers to the hymenium -bearing structure of a fungal fruiting body . [ 1 ] Hymenophores can be smooth surfaces, lamellae , folds, tubes , or teeth. The term was coined by Robert Hooke in 1665.
This mycology -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenophore |
Hyper-IL-6 is a designer cytokine , which was generated by the German biochemist Stefan Rose-John. [ 1 ] Hyper-IL-6 is a fusion protein of the four-helical cytokine Interleukin -6 and the soluble Interleukin-6 receptor which are covalently linked by a flexible peptide linker. [ 1 ] Interleukin-6 on target cells binds t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-IL-6 |
Hyper-encryption is a form of encryption invented by Michael O. Rabin which uses a high-bandwidth source of public random bits , together with a secret key that is shared by only the sender and recipient(s) of the message. [ 1 ] It uses the assumptions of Ueli Maurer 's bounded-storage model as the basis of its secrecy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-encryption |
The Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol ( HTCPCP ) is a facetious communication protocol for controlling, monitoring, and diagnosing coffee pots . It is specified in RFC 2324 , published on 1 April 1998 as an April Fools' Day RFC , [ 2 ] as part of an April Fools prank . [ 3 ] An extension, HTCPCP-TEA, was published... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper_Text_Coffee_Pot_Control_Protocol |
A hyperaccumulator is a plant capable of growing in soil or water with high concentrations of metals , absorbing them through their roots, and concentrating extremely high levels of metals in their tissues. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The metals are concentrated at levels that are toxic to closely related species not adapted to growin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaccumulator |
This list covers known nickel hyperaccumulators , accumulators or plant species tolerant to nickel.
See also:
Notes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaccumulators_table_–_2:_Nickel |
This list covers hyperaccumulators , plant species which accumulate, or are tolerant of, radionuclides ( Cd , Cs-137 , Co , Pu-238 , Ra , Sr , U-234 , 235 , 238 ), hydrocarbons and organic solvents ( Benzene , BTEX , DDT , Dieldrin , Endosulfan , Fluoranthene , MTBE , PCB , PCNB , TCE and by-products), and inorganic co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaccumulators_table_–_3 |
A hyperbaric stretcher is a lightweight pressure vessel for human occupancy (PVHO) designed to accommodate one person undergoing initial hyperbaric treatment during or while awaiting transport or transfer to a treatment chamber . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Originally developed as advanced diving equipment, it has since been used for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbaric_stretcher |
In finance , economics , and decision theory , hyperbolic absolute risk aversion ( HARA ) [ 1 ] : p.39, [ 2 ] : p.389, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] refers to a type of risk aversion that is particularly convenient to model mathematically and to obtain empirical predictions from. It refers specifically to a property of von ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_absolute_risk_aversion |
In geometry , hyperbolic angle is a real number determined by the area of the corresponding hyperbolic sector of xy = 1 in Quadrant I of the Cartesian plane . The hyperbolic angle parametrizes the unit hyperbola , which has hyperbolic functions as coordinates. In mathematics, hyperbolic angle is an invariant measure as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_angle |
In mathematics , hyperbolic coordinates are a method of locating points in quadrant I of the Cartesian plane
Hyperbolic coordinates take values in the hyperbolic plane defined as:
These coordinates in HP are useful for studying logarithmic comparisons of direct proportion in Q and measuring deviations from direct pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_coordinates |
Hyperbolic motion is the motion of an object with constant proper acceleration in special relativity . It is called hyperbolic motion because the equation describing the path of the object through spacetime is a hyperbola , as can be seen when graphed on a Minkowski diagram whose coordinates represent a suitable inert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_motion_(relativity) |
In geometry , the relation of hyperbolic orthogonality between two lines separated by the asymptotes of a hyperbola is a concept used in special relativity to define simultaneous events. Two events will be simultaneous when they are on a line hyperbolically orthogonal to a particular timeline. This dependence on a cert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_orthogonality |
A hyperbolic sector is a region of the Cartesian plane bounded by a hyperbola and two rays from the origin to it. For example, the two points ( a , 1/ a ) and ( b , 1/ b ) on the rectangular hyperbola xy = 1 , or the corresponding region when this hyperbola is re-scaled and its orientation is altered by a rotation lea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_sector |
In dynamical systems theory , a subset Λ of a smooth manifold M is said to have a hyperbolic structure with respect to a smooth map f if its tangent bundle may be split into two invariant subbundles , one of which is contracting and the other is expanding under f , with respect to some Riemannian metric on M . An analo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_set |
In mathematics , hyperbolic space of dimension n is the unique simply connected , n -dimensional Riemannian manifold of constant sectional curvature equal to −1. [ 1 ] It is homogeneous , and satisfies the stronger property of being a symmetric space . There are many ways to construct it as an open subset of R n {\disp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_space |
A hyperbolization procedure is a procedure that turns a polyhedral complex K {\displaystyle K} into a non-positively curved space H ( K ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}(K)} , retaining some of its topological features. Roughly speaking, the procedure consists in replacing every cell of K {\displaystyle K} with a copy of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolization_procedures |
In geometry , Thurston's geometrization theorem or hyperbolization theorem implies that closed atoroidal Haken manifolds are hyperbolic, and in particular satisfy the Thurston conjecture .
One form of the hyperbolization theorem states: If M is a compact irreducible atoroidal Haken manifold whose boundary has zero Eu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolization_theorem |
Hyperboloid structures are architectural structures designed using a hyperboloid in one sheet. Often these are tall structures, such as towers, where the hyperboloid geometry's structural strength is used to support an object high above the ground. Hyperboloid geometry is often used for decorative effect as well as str... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperboloid_structure |
In particle physics , the hypercharge (a portmanteau of hyperonic and charge ) Y of a particle is a quantum number conserved under the strong interaction . The concept of hypercharge provides a single charge operator that accounts for properties of isospin , electric charge , and flavour . The hypercharge is useful to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercharge |
Hyperchromicity is the increase of absorbance ( optical density ) of a material. The most famous example is the hyperchromicity of DNA that occurs when the DNA duplex is denatured. [ 1 ] The UV absorption is increased when the two single DNA strands are being separated, either by heat or by addition of denaturant or by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperchromicity |
In organic chemistry , hyperconjugation ( σ-conjugation or no-bond resonance ) refers to the delocalization of electrons with the participation of bonds of primarily σ-character . Usually, hyperconjugation involves the interaction of the electrons in a sigma (σ) orbital (e.g. C–H or C–C) with an adjacent unpopulated n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperconjugation |
Hypercubane is a hypothetical polycyclic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C 40 H 24 . It is a molecular analog of the four-dimensional hypercube or tesseract . Hypercubane possesses an unconventional geometry of the carbon framework. It has O h symmetry like classic cubane C 8 H 8 . The structure is that of octame... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercubane |
Hypercyclic morphogenesis refers to the emergence of a higher order of self-reproducing structure or organization or hierarchy within a system, first introduced by J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. in 1991 (Chap. 12). It involves combining the idea of the hypercycle , an idea due to Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster (1979) with t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercyclic_morphogenesis |
Hyperdata are data objects linked to other data objects in other places, as hypertext indicates text linked to other text in other places. Hyperdata enables the formation of a web of data, evolving from the "data on the Web" that is not inter-related (or at least, not linked). [ 1 ]
In the same way that hypertext usua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperdata |
In nuclear physics , hyperdeformation is theoretically predicted states of an atomic nucleus with an extremely elongated shape and a very high angular momentum. Less elongated states, superdeformation , have been well observed, but the experimental evidence for hyperdeformation is more limited. Hyperdeformed states cor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperdeformation |
In mathematics , the Gaussian or ordinary hypergeometric function 2 F 1 ( a , b ; c ; z ) is a special function represented by the hypergeometric series , that includes many other special functions as specific or limiting cases . It is a solution of a second-order linear ordinary differential equation (ODE). Every seco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergeometric_function |
In mathematics , hypergeometric identities are equalities involving sums over hypergeometric terms, i.e. the coefficients occurring in hypergeometric series . These identities occur frequently in solutions to combinatorial problems, and also in the analysis of algorithms .
These identities were traditionally found 'by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergeometric_identity |
In mathematics , a hypergraph is a generalization of a graph in which an edge can join any number of vertices . In contrast, in an ordinary graph, an edge connects exactly two vertices.
Formally, a directed hypergraph is a pair ( X , E ) {\displaystyle (X,E)} , where X {\displaystyle X} is a set of elements called nod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergraph |
In mathematics, the hypergraph regularity method is a powerful tool in extremal graph theory that refers to the combined application of the hypergraph regularity lemma and the associated counting lemma. It is a generalization of the graph regularity method, which refers to the use of Szemerédi's regularity and counting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergraph_regularity_method |
Hypergravity is defined as the condition where the force of gravity (real or perceived) exceeds that on the surface of the Earth . [ 1 ] This is expressed as being greater than 1 g . Hypergravity conditions are created on Earth for research on human physiology in aerial combat and space flight, as well as testing of ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergravity |
In mathematics , the n -th hyperharmonic number of order r , denoted by H n ( r ) {\displaystyle H_{n}^{(r)}} , is recursively defined by the relations:
and
In particular, H n = H n ( 1 ) {\displaystyle H_{n}=H_{n}^{(1)}} is the n -th harmonic number .
The hyperharmonic numbers were discussed by J. H. Conway and R. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperharmonic_number |
Hyperhydricity (previously known as vitrification) is a physiological malformation that results in excessive hydration , low lignification , impaired stomatal function and reduced mechanical strength of tissue culture-generated plants. The consequence is poor regeneration of such plants without intensive greenhouse acc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperhydricity |
In nonstandard analysis , a hyperinteger n is a hyperreal number that is equal to its own integer part . A hyperinteger may be either finite or infinite. A finite hyperinteger is an ordinary integer . An example of an infinite hyperinteger is given by the class of the sequence (1, 2, 3, ...) in the ultrapower constr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinteger |
The Hyperion Cantos is a series of science fiction novels by Dan Simmons . The title was originally used for the collection of the first pair of books in the series, Hyperion and The Fall of Hyperion , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and later came to refer to the overall storyline, including Endymion , The Rise of Endymion , and a number... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Cantos |
Hyperjacking is an attack in which a hacker takes malicious control over the hypervisor that creates the virtual environment within a virtual machine (VM) host. [ 1 ] The point of the attack is to target the operating system that is below that of the virtual machines so that the attacker's program can run and the appli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperjacking |
Hyperland is a 50-minute-long documentary film about hypertext and surrounding technologies. It was written by Douglas Adams and produced and directed by Max Whitby [ 2 ] for BBC Two in 1990. It stars Douglas Adams as a computer user and Tom Baker , with whom Adams had already worked on Doctor Who , as a personificatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperland |
A superlens , or super lens , is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit . The diffraction limit is a feature of conventional lenses and microscopes that limits the fineness of their resolution depending on the illumination wavelength and the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens. Man... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlens |
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