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In materials science , a Lomer–Cottrell junction is a particular configuration of dislocations that forms when two perfect dislocations interact on interacting slip planes in a crystalline material. [ 1 ]
The sessile or immobile nature of the Lomer–Cottrell dislocation forms a strong barrier to further dislocation mot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomer–Cottrell_junction |
A Lommel polynomial R m ,ν ( z ) is a polynomial in 1/ z giving the recurrence relation
where J ν ( z ) is a Bessel function of the first kind. [ 1 ]
They are given explicitly by
This polynomial -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lommel_polynomial |
A Lomond still is a type of still that was sometimes used for whisky distillation, invented in 1955 by Alistair
Cunningham of Hiram Walker . [ 1 ] It is used for batch distillation like a pot still , but has three perforated plates which can be cooled independently, controlling the reflux through the apparatus in a man... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomond_still |
Loncastuximab tesirine , sold under the brand name Zynlonta , is a monoclonal antibody conjugate medication used to treat large B-cell lymphoma and high-grade B-cell lymphoma . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanized antibody targeting the protein CD19 . [ 2 ]
The most common side ef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loncastuximab_tesirine |
The London Hydraulic Power Company was established in 1883 to install a hydraulic power network in London. This expanded to cover most of central London at its peak, before being replaced by electricity, with the final pump house closing in 1977.
The company was set up by an act of Parliament , the London Hydraulic Po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Hydraulic_Power_Company |
London dispersion forces ( LDF , also known as dispersion forces , London forces , instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds [ 1 ] or loosely as van der Waals forces ) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically symmetric; that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_dispersion_force |
The London equations, developed by brothers Fritz and Heinz London in 1935, [ 1 ] are constitutive relations for a superconductor relating its superconducting current to electromagnetic fields in and around it. Whereas Ohm's law is the simplest constitutive relation for an ordinary conductor , the London equations are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_equations |
The London moment (after Fritz London ) is a quantum-mechanical phenomenon whereby a spinning superconductor generates a magnetic field whose axis lines up exactly with the spin axis. [ 1 ] The term may also refer to the magnetic moment of any rotation of any superconductor , caused by the electrons lagging behind the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_moment |
In superconductors , the London penetration depth (usually denoted as λ {\displaystyle \lambda } or λ L {\displaystyle \lambda _{L}} ) characterizes the distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor and becomes equal to e − 1 {\displaystyle e^{-1}} times that of the magnetic field at the surface o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_penetration_depth |
The lone divider procedure is a procedure for proportional cake-cutting . It involves a heterogenous and divisible resource, such as a birthday cake, and n partners with different preferences over different parts of the cake. It allows the n people to divide the cake among them such that each person receives a piece ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone_divider |
In chemistry, a lone pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond [ 1 ] and is sometimes called an unshared pair or non-bonding pair . Lone pairs are found in the outermost electron shell of atoms. They can be identified by using a Lewis structure . Electron pairs ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone_pair |
Long-Term Pavement Performance Program , known as LTPP , is a research project supported by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to collect and analyze pavement data in the United States and Canada. Currently, the LTPP acquires the largest road performance database. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The LTPP was initiated by the Trans... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-Term_Pavement_Performance |
Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic ( LFRTs ) is a type of easily mouldable thermoplastic used to create a variety of components used primarily in the automotive industry. LFRTs are one of the fastest growing categories in thermoplastic technologies. Leading this expansion is one of the oldest forms, glass mat thermopl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-fiber-reinforced_thermoplastic |
Long-lived fission products (LLFPs) are radioactive materials with a long half-life (more than 200,000 years) produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium . Because of their persistent radiotoxicity , it is necessary to isolate them from humans and the biosphere and to confine them in nuclear waste repositories... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-lived_fission_product |
The long-range identification and tracking ( LRIT ) of ships was established as an international system on 19 May 2006 by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as resolution MSC.202 (81). [ 1 ] This resolution amends Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) , regulation 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-range_identification_and_tracking |
Long-range optical wireless communication or free-space optical communication ( FSO ) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking over long distances. "Free space" means air, outer space, vacuum, or something ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-range_optical_wireless_communication |
In astronomy , long-slit spectroscopy involves observing a celestial object using a spectrograph in which the entrance aperture is an elongated, narrow slit. Light entering the slit is then refracted using a prism , diffraction grating , or grism . The dispersed light is typically recorded on a charge-coupled device de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-slit_spectroscopy |
In GSM , a Regular Pulse Excitation-Long Term Prediction ( RPE-LTP ) scheme is employed in order to reduce the amount of data sent between the mobile station (MS) and base transceiver station (BTS).
In essence, when a voltage level of a particular speech sample is quantified, the mobile station's internal logic predic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_prediction_(communications) |
Long-term support ( LTS ) is a product lifecycle management policy in which a stable release of computer software is maintained for a longer period of time than the standard edition. The term is typically reserved for open-source software , where it describes a software edition that is supported for months or years lon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_support |
NASA 's Long Duration Exposure Facility , or LDEF (pronounced "eldef"), was a cylindrical facility designed to provide long-term experimental data on the outer space environment and its effects on space systems, materials, operations and selected spores ' survival. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was placed in low Earth orbit by Space ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Duration_Exposure_Facility |
The Long Harbour Nickel Processing Plant is a Canadian nickel concentrate processing facility located in Long Harbour , Newfoundland and Labrador .
Operated by Vale Limited , construction on the plant started in April 2009 and operations began in 2014. Construction costs were in excess of CAD $4.25 billion. [ 1 ] Con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Harbour_Nickel_Processing_Plant |
In superconductivity , a long Josephson junction (LJJ) is a Josephson junction which has one or more dimensions longer than the Josephson penetration depth λ J {\displaystyle \lambda _{J}} . This definition is not strict.
In terms of underlying model a short Josephson junction is characterized by the Josephson phase ϕ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Josephson_junction |
In phylogenetics , long branch attraction ( LBA ) is a form of systematic error whereby distantly related lineages are incorrectly inferred to be closely related. [ 1 ] LBA arises when the amount of molecular or morphological change accumulated within a lineage is sufficient to cause that lineage to appear similar (thu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_branch_attraction |
In theoretical computer science and coding theory , the long code is an error-correcting code that is locally decodable . Long codes have an extremely poor rate, but play a fundamental role in the theory of hardness of approximation .
Let f 1 , … , f 2 n : { 0 , 1 } k → { 0 , 1 } {\displaystyle f_{1},\dots ,f_{2^{n}}:... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_code_(mathematics) |
Long delayed echoes ( LDEs ) are radio echoes which return to the sender several seconds after a radio transmission has occurred. Delays of longer than 2.7 seconds are considered LDEs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] LDEs are considered anomalous and have a number of proposed scientific origins.
These echoes were first observed in 1927 b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_delayed_echo |
In C and related programming languages , long double refers to a floating-point data type that is often more precise than double precision though the language standard only requires it to be at least as precise as double . As with C's other floating-point types, it may not necessarily map to an IEEE format .
The long ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_double |
The long hundred , also known as the great hundred or twelfty , [ 1 ] is the number 120 (in base-10 Hindu-Arabic numerals ) that was referred to as hund, hund-teontig, hundrað , hundrath , or hundred in Germanic languages prior to the 15th century, and is now known as one hundred ( and ) twenty , or six score . The num... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_hundred |
Long interspersed nuclear elements ( LINEs ) [ 1 ] (also known as long interspersed nucleotide elements [ 2 ] or long interspersed elements [ 3 ] ) are a group of non-LTR ( long terminal repeat ) retrotransposons that are widespread in the genome of many eukaryotes . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] LINEs contain an internal Pol II promote... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_interspersed_nuclear_element |
Long non-coding RNAs ( long ncRNAs , lncRNA ) are a type of RNA , generally defined as transcripts more than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into protein. [ 2 ] This arbitrary limit distinguishes long ncRNAs from small non-coding RNAs , such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_non-coding_RNA |
A long reach excavator is a type of excavator where the arm has been extended to reach further than a normal excavator would. It is often used in demolition of buildings, but it can also be used in other applications.
The term long reach excavator was probably first coined by Richard Melhuish, the Chairman of Land & W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_reach_excavator |
A long terminal repeat ( LTR ) is a pair of identical sequences of DNA , several hundred base pairs long, which occur in eukaryotic genomes on either end of a series of genes or pseudogenes that form a retrotransposon or an endogenous retrovirus or a retroviral provirus . All retroviral genomes are flanked by LTRs, whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_terminal_repeat |
In engineering , a longeron or stringer is a load-bearing component of a framework.
The term is commonly used in connection with aircraft fuselages and automobile chassis . Longerons are used in conjunction with stringers to form structural frameworks. [ 1 ]
In an aircraft fuselage, stringers are attached to formers ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longeron |
In combinatorial mathematics, probability , and computer science , in the longest alternating subsequence problem, one wants to find a subsequence of a given sequence in which the elements are in alternating order, and in which the sequence is as long as possible.
Formally, if x = { x 1 , x 2 , … , x n } {\displaystyl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_alternating_subsequence |
A longest common subsequence ( LCS ) is the longest subsequence common to all sequences in a set of sequences (often just two sequences). It differs from the longest common substring : unlike substrings, subsequences are not required to occupy consecutive positions within the original sequences. The problem of computin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_common_subsequence |
In computer science , the longest increasing subsequence problem aims to find a subsequence of a given sequence in which the subsequence's elements are sorted in an ascending order and in which the subsequence is as long as possible. This subsequence is not necessarily contiguous or unique. The longest increasing subse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_increasing_subsequence |
In synthetic chemistry , the longest linear sequence , commonly abbreviated as LLS , is the largest number of reactions required to go from the starting materials to the products in a multistep sequence. [ 1 ]
This concept is very important when trying to optimize a synthetic plan. Since every reaction step can decrea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_linear_sequence |
In computer science , the longest repeated substring problem is the problem of finding the longest substring of a string that occurs at least twice.
This problem can be solved in linear time and space Θ ( n ) {\displaystyle \Theta (n)} by building a suffix tree for the string (with a special end-of-string symbol like ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_repeated_substring_problem |
Longevity may refer to especially long-lived members of a population, whereas life expectancy is defined statistically as the average number of years remaining at a given age. For example, a population's life expectancy at birth is the same as the average age at death for all people born in the same year (in the case o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longevity |
In the life extension movement , longevity escape velocity ( LEV ), actuarial escape velocity [ 2 ] or biological escape velocity [ 3 ] is a hypothetical situation in which one's remaining life expectancy (not life expectancy at birth ) is extended longer than the time that is passing. For example, in a given year in w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longevity_escape_velocity |
Aspen is a common name for certain tree species in the Populus sect. Populus , of the Populus (poplar) genus . [ 1 ]
These species are called aspens:
Aspen trees are all native to cold regions with cool summers, in the north of the northern hemisphere , extending south at high-altitude areas such as mountains or high... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longevity_of_aspen_trees |
Lobsters are malacostracans decapod crustaceans of the family Nephropidae [ 1 ] or its synonym Homaridae . [ 2 ] They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the othe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longevity_of_lobsters |
Richardson, 1848
(Richardson, 1848)
Richardson, 1848
(Richardson, 1848)
(Richardson, 1848)
Richardson, 1848
(Richardson, 1848)
Liénard, 1842
Richardson, 1848
Cantor, 1849
Cantor, 1849
Bleeker, 1852
Bleeker, 1852
Bleeker, 1853
Macleay, 1881
Fourmanoir, 1961
Fourmanoir, 1961
(non Bleeker, 1853)
The long... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longfin_snake-eel |
Longifolene is a common sesquiterpene . It is an oily liquid hydrocarbon found primarily in the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins . The name is derived from that of a pine species from which the compound was isolated. [ 1 ] It is a tricyclic chiral molecule. The enantiomer commonly found in pines and other ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longifolene |
The longitude of the ascending node , also known as the right ascension of the ascending node , is one of the orbital elements used to specify the orbit of an object in space. Denoted with the symbol Ω , it is the angle from a specified reference direction, called the origin of longitude , to the direction of the ascen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node |
In flight dynamics , longitudinal stability is the stability of an aircraft in the longitudinal, or pitching , plane. This characteristic is important in determining whether an aircraft pilot will be able to control the aircraft in the pitching plane without requiring excessive attention or excessive strength. [ 1 ]
T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_stability |
Lonigutamab is an investigational monoclonal antibody biosimilar designed to target the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). It is being evaluated for its potential in treating thyroid eye disease (TED) and certain cancers, such as breast cancer, through clinical trials. Lonigutamab is expressed in Chinese h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonigutamab |
The Look-Aside Interface is a computer interface that was specified by an interface interoperability agreement produced by the Network Processing Forum . It specifies the method to interface a Network Processing Element (of which an NPU is an example) to a Network Search Element (of which a CAM is an example). The inte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look-Aside_Interface |
In mathematics , the look-and-say sequence is the sequence of integers beginning as follows:
To generate a member of the sequence from the previous member, read off the digits of the previous member, counting the number of digits in groups of the same digit. For example:
The look-and-say sequence was analyzed by Joh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look-and-say_sequence |
A lookout , [ 1 ] lookout rafter or roof outlooker [ 2 ] is a wooden joist that extends in cantilever out from the exterior wall (or wall plate) of a building, supporting the roof sheathing and providing a nailing surface for the fascia boards. When not exposed it serves to fasten the finish materials of the eaves . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookout_(architecture) |
In computer science , a lookup table ( LUT ) is an array that replaces runtime computation of a mathematical function with a simpler array indexing operation, in a process termed as direct addressing . The savings in processing time can be significant, because retrieving a value from memory is often faster than carryin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookup_table |
A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry . The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same.
The word "loom" derives from the Old English ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom |
In lunar photography, the Looney 11 rule (also known as the Looney f /11 rule ) is a method of estimating correct exposures without a light meter . For daylight photography, there is a similar rule called the Sunny 16 rule . The basic rule is: "For astronomical photos of the Moon 's surface, set aperture to f /11 and s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looney_11_rule |
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification ( LAMP ) is a single-tube technique for the amplification of DNA [ 2 ] for diagnostic purposes and a low-cost alternative to detect certain diseases. [ 3 ] LAMP is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique. In contrast to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop-mediated_isothermal_amplification |
In mathematics , a loop in a topological space X is a continuous function f from the unit interval I = [0,1] to X such that f (0) = f (1) . In other words, it is a path whose initial point is equal to its terminal point. [ 1 ]
A loop may also be seen as a continuous map f from the pointed unit circle S 1 into X , beca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_(topology) |
Loop entropy is the entropy lost upon bringing together two residues of a polymer within a prescribed distance. For a single loop, the entropy varies logarithmically with the number of residues N {\displaystyle N} in the loop
where k B {\displaystyle k_{B}} is the Boltzmann constant and α {\displaystyle \alpha } is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_entropy |
In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics , loop integrals are the integrals which appear when evaluating the Feynman diagrams with one or more loops by integrating over the internal momenta. [ 1 ] These integrals are used to determine counterterms, which in turn allow evaluation of the beta function , which en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_integral |
Loop modeling is a problem in protein structure prediction requiring the prediction of the conformations of loop regions in proteins with or without the use of a structural template. Computer programs that solve these problems have been used to research a broad range of scientific topics from ADP to breast cancer . [ 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_modeling |
Loop perforation is an approximate computing technique that allows to regularly skip some iterations of a loop. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
It relies on one parameter : the perforation rate . The perforation rate can be interpreted as the number of iteration to skip each time or the number of iterations to perform before skippi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_perforation |
In topology , a branch of mathematics , the loop space Ω X of a pointed topological space X is the space of (based) loops in X , i.e. continuous pointed maps from the pointed circle S 1 to X , equipped with the compact-open topology . Two loops can be multiplied by concatenation . With this operation, the loop space is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_space |
In computer graphics , the Loop method for subdivision surfaces is an approximating subdivision scheme developed by Charles Loop in 1987 for triangular meshes . Prior methods, namely Catmull-Clark and Doo-Sabin (1978), focused on quad meshes .
Loop subdivision surfaces are defined recursively, dividing each triangle i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_subdivision_surface |
In mathematics, in the topology of 3-manifolds , the loop theorem is a generalization of Dehn's lemma . The loop theorem was first proven by Christos Papakyriakopoulos in 1956, along with Dehn's lemma and the Sphere theorem .
A simple and useful version of the loop theorem states that if for some 3-dimensional manifo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_theorem |
Lophophorine , also known as N-methylanhalonine , is a bio-active alkaloid made by various cacti in the Lophophora family. [ 1 ] It has been found to lack hallucinogenic effects in humans. [ 2 ]
This organic chemistry article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophophorine |
Loran-C is a hyperbolic radio navigation system that allows a receiver to determine its position by listening to low frequency radio signals that are transmitted by fixed land-based radio beacons . Loran-C combined two different techniques to provide a signal that was both long-range and highly accurate, features that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loran-C |
lorcon ( acronym for L oss O f R adio CON nectivity ) is an open source network tool. It is a library for injecting 802.11 (WLAN) frames, capable of injecting via multiple driver frameworks, without the need to change the application code. Lorcon is built by patching the third-party MadWifi -driver for cards based on t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorcon |
Lordosis behavior ( / l ɔːr ˈ d oʊ s ɪ s / [ 1 ] ), also known as mammalian lordosis (Greek lordōsis, from lordos "bent backward" [ 1 ] ) or presenting , is the naturally occurring body posture for sexual receptivity to copulation present in females of most mammals including rodents , elephants , and cats . The primary... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lordosis_behavior |
Lore Harp McGovern ( née Lange-Hegermann , March 3, 1944) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist based in California. She co-founded Vector Graphic , one of the earliest personal computing companies, in 1976. She served as the company's CEO and president, took it public, and saw an annual revenue of $36 million... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lore_Harp_McGovern |
In relativistic physics , Lorentz symmetry or Lorentz invariance , named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz , is an equivalence of observation or observational symmetry due to special relativity implying that the laws of physics stay the same for all observers that are moving with respect to one another within a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_covariance |
The Lorentz factor or Lorentz term (also known as the gamma factor [ 1 ] ) is a dimensionless quantity expressing how much the measurements of time, length, and other physical properties change for an object while it moves. The expression appears in several equations in special relativity , and it arises in derivations... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_factor |
In physics , specifically in electromagnetism , the Lorentz force law is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields . The Lorentz force , on the other hand, is a physical effect that occurs in the vicinity of electrically neutral, current-carrying conductors causing m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force |
Lorentz force velocimetry [ 1 ] (LFV) is a noncontact electromagnetic flow measurement technique. LFV is particularly suited for the measurement of velocities in liquid metals like steel or aluminium and is currently under development for metallurgical applications. The measurement of flow velocities in hot and aggress... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_force_velocimetry |
The Lorentz oscillator model (classical electron oscillator or CEO model) describes the optical response of bound charges . The model is named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz . It is a classical , phenomenological model for materials with characteristic resonance frequencies (or other characteristic en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_oscillator_model |
In a relativistic theory of physics , a Lorentz scalar is a scalar expression whose value is invariant under any Lorentz transformation . A Lorentz scalar may be generated from, e.g., the scalar product of vectors, or by contracting tensors. While the components of the contracted quantities may change under Lorentz tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_scalar |
In physics , the Lorentz transformations are a six-parameter family of linear transformations from a coordinate frame in spacetime to another frame that moves at a constant velocity relative to the former. The respective inverse transformation is then parameterized by the negative of this velocity. The transformations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_transformation |
Lorenz ( Lorencino ) Bruno Puntel ( / ˈ p ʊ n t ə l / ; German: [ˈpʊntəl] ; [ 1 ] Brazilian Portuguese: [pũˈtɛw] ; 22 September 1935 – 16 July 2024) was a Brazilian-born German philosopher who established the school of structural-systematic philosophy . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Professor emeritus at the University of Munich , Punte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_Bruno_Puntel |
In electromagnetism , the Lorenz gauge condition or Lorenz gauge (after Ludvig Lorenz ) is a partial gauge fixing of the electromagnetic vector potential by requiring ∂ μ A μ = 0. {\displaystyle \partial _{\mu }A^{\mu }=0.} The name is frequently confused with Hendrik Lorentz , who has given his name to many concepts i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_gauge_condition |
Lorvotuzumab mertansine (IMGN901) is an antibody-drug conjugate . It comprises the CD56-binding antibody, lorvotuzumab (huN901), with a maytansinoid cell-killing agent, DM1, attached using a disulfide linker, SPP. (When DM1 is attached to an antibody with the SPP linker, it is mertansine ; when it is attached with the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorvotuzumab_mertansine |
A losing stream , disappearing stream , influent stream or sinking river is a stream or river that loses water as it flows downstream. The water infiltrates into the ground recharging the local groundwater , because the water table is below the bottom of the stream channel. This is the opposite of a more common gainin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losing_stream |
In cognitive science and behavioral economics , loss aversion refers to a cognitive bias in which the same situation is perceived as worse if it is framed as a loss, rather than a gain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It should not be confused with risk aversion , which describes the rational behavior of valuing an uncertain outcome at le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_aversion |
In genetics , loss of heterozygosity ( LOH ) is a type of genetic abnormality in diploid organisms in which one copy of an entire gene and its surrounding chromosomal region are lost. [ 1 ] Since diploid cells have two copies of their genes, one from each parent, a single copy of the lost gene still remains when this h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_heterozygosity |
Loss of load in an electrical grid is a term used to describe the situation when the available generation capacity is less than the system load . [ 1 ] Multiple probabilistic reliability indices for the generation systems are using loss of load in their definitions, with the more popular [ 2 ] being Loss of Load Probab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_load |
Loss on ignition (LOI) is a test used in inorganic analytical chemistry and soil science , particularly in the analysis of minerals and the chemical makeup of soil. It consists of strongly heating ( "igniting" ) a sample of the material at a specified temperature, allowing volatile substances to escape, until its mass ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_on_ignition |
The Lossen rearrangement is the conversion of a hydroxamate ester to an isocyanate . Typically O-acyl, sulfonyl, or phosphoryl O-derivative are employed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The isocyanate can be used further to generate ureas in the presence of amines or generate amines in the presence of H 2 O.
The mechanism be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossen_rearrangement |
Lossless compression is a class of data compression that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data with no loss of information . Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy . [ 1 ] By contrast, lossy compression permits reconstructi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_compression |
Lossless compression is a class of data compression that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data with no loss of information . Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy . [ 1 ] By contrast, lossy compression permits reconstructi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_compression_benchmarks |
Lossless predictive audio compression ( LPAC ) is an improved lossless audio compression algorithm developed by Tilman Liebchen, Marcus Purat and Peter Noll at the Institute for Telecommunications, Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), [ 1 ] to compress PCM audio in a lossless manner, in contrast to lossy compress... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_predictive_audio_compression |
In information technology , lossy compression or irreversible compression is the class of data compression methods that uses inexact approximations and partial data discarding to represent the content. These techniques are used to reduce data size for storing, handling, and transmitting content. Higher degrees of appro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossy_compression |
Generally, lossy data conversion refers to the conversion of data from one storage format to another in a way that doesn't allow the exact recovery of the original data. In particular, it can refer to lossy type conversion , where some values in the original type cannot be represented in the target type, [ 1 ] or to lo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossy_data_conversion |
Lost-wax casting – also called investment casting , precision casting , or cire perdue ( French: [siʁ pɛʁdy] ; borrowed from French ) [ 1 ] – is the process by which a duplicate sculpture (often a metal , such as silver , gold , brass , or bronze ) is cast from an original sculpture. Intricate works can be achieved by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost-wax_casting |
A Lot (formerly Loth ) was an old unit of measurement for the relative fineness [ 1 ] to gross weight in metallurgy and especially in coinage until the 19th century. A Lot was thus a proportion of the precious metal content in a piece of metal. [ 2 ] It was used in the four main monetary systems of Germany: Austrian, S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lot_(fineness) |
Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (born 10 March 1964) is a Danish scientist and university professor . She led the development of liraglutide and oversaw the development of semaglutide , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] two notable drugs approved for indications in the treatment of diabetes and obesity . [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Knudsen originally studied chemica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotte_Bjerre_Knudsen |
In expected utility theory , a lottery is a discrete distribution of probability on a set of states of nature . The elements of a lottery correspond to the probabilities that each of the states of nature will occur, (e.g. Rain: 0.70, No Rain: 0.30). [ 1 ] Much of the theoretical analysis of choice under uncertainty inv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_(decision_theory) |
Lottery competition in ecology is a model for how organisms compete . It was first used to describe competition in coral reef fish. [ 1 ] Under lottery competition, many offspring compete for a small number of sites (e.g., many fry competing for a few territories, or many seedlings competing for a few treefall gaps ).... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_competition |
Lottery mathematics is used to calculate probabilities of winning or losing a lottery game. It is based primarily on combinatorics , particularly the twelvefold way and combinations without replacement . It can also be used to analyze coincidences that happen in lottery drawings, such as repeated numbers appearing acro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lottery_mathematics |
The lotus effect refers to self-cleaning properties that are a result of ultrahydrophobicity as exhibited by the leaves of Nelumbo , the lotus flower. [ 1 ] Dirt particles are picked up by water droplets due to the micro- and nanoscopic architecture on the surface, which minimizes the droplet's adhesion to that surface... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_effect |
Loudness monitoring of programme levels is needed in radio and television broadcasting , as well as in audio post production . Traditional methods of measuring signal levels, such as the peak programme meter and VU meter , do not give the subjectively valid measure of loudness that many would argue is needed to optimis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness_monitoring |
The loudness war (or loudness race ) is a trend of increasing audio levels in recorded music, which reduces audio fidelity and—according to many critics—listener enjoyment. Increasing loudness was first reported as early as the 1940s, with respect to mastering practices for 7-inch singles . [ 1 ] The maximum peak level... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness_war |
A loudspeaker (commonly referred to as a speaker or, more fully, a speaker system ) is a combination of one or more speaker drivers , an enclosure , and electrical connections (possibly including a crossover network ). The speaker driver is an electroacoustic transducer [ 1 ] : 597 that converts an electrical audio sig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker |
A loudspeaker enclosure or loudspeaker cabinet is an enclosure (often rectangular box-shaped) in which speaker drivers (e.g., woofers and tweeters ) and associated electronic hardware, such as crossover circuits and, in some cases, power amplifiers , are mounted. Enclosures may range in design from simple, homemade DIY... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker_enclosure |
Louis Leithold ( San Francisco , United States, 16 November 1924 – Los Angeles , 29 April 2005) was an American mathematician and teacher . He is best known for authoring The Calculus , a classic textbook about calculus that changed the teaching methods for calculus in world high schools and universities . [ 1 ] Known ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Leithold |
In 1745 Louis Pierre Ancillon de la Sablonnière established the Pechelbronn bitumen mine at Merkwiller-Pechelbronn , Bas-Rhin , Alsace .
He was an interpreter with the French ambassador to Switzerland , then the General Treasurer of the Ligues Suisses and Grisons .
He learned of Jean Theophile Hoeffel's 1734 thesis "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pierre_Ancillon_de_la_Sablonnière |
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