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Miassite is a mineral made of rhodium and sulfur , with the stoichometric formula Rh 17 S 15 . It was named after the Miass River in the Urals. [ 1 ] It is a superconductor and an unconventional superconductor . Naturally occurring miassite is too brittle, so it is made in a lab for superconductor research. [ 2 ]
Its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miassite |
MicMac is an open-source software for photogrammetry developed by the French National Geographic Institute . [ 1 ]
This software article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicMac_(software) |
In mathematics , the mice problem is a continuous pursuit–evasion problem in which a number of mice (or insects, dogs, missiles, etc.) are considered to be placed at the corners of a regular polygon . In the classic setup, each then begins to move towards its immediate neighbour (clockwise or anticlockwise). The goal i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mice_problem |
A micellar cubic phase is a lyotropic liquid crystal phase formed when the concentration of micelles dispersed in a solvent (usually water) is sufficiently high that they are forced to pack into a structure having a long-ranged positional (translational) order. For example, spherical micelles a cubic packing of a body-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micellar_cubic |
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ( MEKC ) is a chromatography technique used in analytical chemistry . It is a modification of capillary electrophoresis (CE), extending its functionality to neutral analytes, [ 1 ] where the samples are separated by differential partitioning between micelles (pseudo-stationary pha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micellar_electrokinetic_chromatography |
Micellar liquid chromatography ( MLC ) is a form of reversed phase liquid chromatography that uses an aqueous micellar solutions as the mobile phase. [ 1 ]
The use of micelles in high performance liquid chromatography was first introduced by Armstrong and Henry in 1980. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The technique is used mainly to enha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micellar_liquid_chromatography |
A micelle ( / m aɪ ˈ s ɛ l / ) or micella ( / m aɪ ˈ s ɛ l ə / ) ( pl. micelles or micellae , respectively) is an aggregate (or supramolecular assembly ) of surfactant amphipathic lipid molecules dispersed in a liquid, forming a colloidal suspension (also known as associated colloidal system). [ 4 ] A typical micelle i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micelle |
In mathematics, Michael's theorem gives sufficient conditions for a regular topological space (in fact, for a T 1 -space ) to be paracompact .
A family E i {\displaystyle E_{i}} of subsets of a topological space is said to be closure-preserving if for every subfamily E i j {\displaystyle E_{i_{j}}} ,
For example, a l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael's_theorem_on_paracompact_spaces |
The Michael Brin Prize in Dynamical Systems , abbreviated as the Brin Prize , is awarded to mathematicians who have made outstanding advances in the field of dynamical systems and are within 14 years of their PhD. [ 1 ] The prize is endowed by and named after Michael Brin, [ 1 ] whose son Sergey Brin [ 2 ] is a co-fou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brin_Prize_in_Dynamical_Systems |
Michael Bühl is a professor of Computational and Theoretical Chemistry in the School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews . He has published work on the performance of various density functionals , [ 1 ] modelling thermal and medium effects, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] transition-metal NMR of metalloenzymes, [ 4 ] modelling of homo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bühl |
Michael Christopher Wendl is a mathematician and biomedical engineer who has worked on DNA sequencing theory , [ 4 ] covering and matching problems in probability, theoretical fluid mechanics, and co-wrote Phred . [ 5 ] He was a scientist on the Human Genome Project and has done bioinformatics and biostatistics work in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Christopher_Wendl |
Sir Michael Anthony Eardley Dummett FBA ( / ˈ d ʌ m ɪ t / ; 27 June 1925 – 27 December 2011) was an English academic described as "among the most significant British philosophers of the last century and a leading campaigner for racial tolerance and equality ." [ 3 ] He was, until 1992, Wykeham Professor of Logic at the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Dummett |
Member of National Academy of Sciences Ruth Kirstein Award Carl Branden award Emily M. Gray Award American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Award for Exemplary Contributions to Education Mentor Award of the American Association for the Advancement of Science American Society for Microbiology Hinton Award ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_F._Summers |
Michael Grieves is an expert in Product life-cycle management (PLM). His work focuses on virtual product development, including Digital twins , engineering, systems engineering, complex systems, manufacturing, especially additive manufacturing, and operational sustainment. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] He has published on th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Grieves |
Michael O’Keeffe (born April 3, 1934) is a British-American chemist. He is currently Regents’ Professor Emeritus in the School of Molecular Sciences at Arizona State University . As a scientist, he is particularly known for his contributions to the field of reticular chemistry . In 2019, he received the Gregori Aminoff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_O'Keeffe_(chemist) |
Michael Peter Barnett (24 March 1929 – 13 March 2012) was a British theoretical chemist and computer scientist . [ 1 ] He developed mathematical and computer techniques for quantum chemical problems, and some of the earliest software for several other kinds of computer application. After his early days in London, Essex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_P._Barnett |
Michael Spivey (commonly known as Mike Spivey ) is a British computer scientist at the University of Oxford .
Spivey was born in 1960 and educated at Archbishop Holgate's Grammar School in York , England. He studied mathematics at Christ's College, Cambridge and then undertook a DPhil in computer science on the Z nota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spivey |
Michael Stifel or Styfel (1487 – April 19, 1567) was a German monk, Protestant reformer and mathematician . He was an Augustinian who became an early supporter of Martin Luther . He was later appointed professor of mathematics at Jena University .
Stifel was born in Esslingen am Neckar in southern Germany. He joined t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stifel |
Michael Charles Zerner (January 1, 1940 – February 2, 2000) was an American theoretical chemist , professor at the University of Guelph from 1970 to 1981 and University of Florida from 1981 to 2000. Zerner earned his Ph.D. under Martin Gouterman at Harvard, working with the spectroscopy of porphyrins. He conceived and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Zerner |
In organic chemistry , the Michael reaction or Michael 1,4 addition is a reaction between a Michael donor (an enolate or other nucleophile ) and a Michael acceptor (usually an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl ) to produce a Michael adduct by creating a carbon-carbon bond at the acceptor's β-carbon . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It belongs to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_addition_reaction |
The Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction (also called the Arbuzov reaction ) is the chemical reaction of a trivalent phosphorus ester with an alkyl halide to form a pentavalent phosphorus species and another alkyl halide. The picture below shows the most common types of substrates undergoing the Arbuzov reaction; phosphite ester... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelis–Arbuzov_reaction |
The Michaelis–Becker reaction is the reaction of a hydrogen (thio) phosphonate with a base, followed by a nucleophilic substitution of phosphorus on a haloalkane , to give an alkyl (thio)phosphonate. [ 1 ] Yields of this reaction are often lower than the corresponding Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelis–Becker_reaction |
In biochemistry , Michaelis–Menten kinetics , named after Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten , is the simplest case of enzyme kinetics , applied to enzyme-catalysed reactions involving the transformation of one substrate into one product. It takes the form of a differential equation describing the reaction rate v {\displ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelis–Menten_kinetics |
Michel André Kervaire (26 April 1927 – 19 November 2007) was a French mathematician who made significant contributions to topology and algebra .
He introduced the Kervaire semi-characteristic . He was the first to show the existence of topological n - manifolds with no differentiable structure (using the Kervaire inva... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Kervaire |
Michel Pouchard (born 23 January, 1938 in Avrillé-les-Ponceaux ) is a French chemist specialising in the physico-chemistry of inorganic solids.
After studying at the David high school in Angers and at the faculties of science at University of Rennes and University of Bordeaux , [ 1 ] Michel Pouchard specializes in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Pouchard |
Michel Rolle (21 April 1652 – 8 November 1719) was a French mathematician . He is best known for Rolle's theorem (1691). He is also the co-inventor in Europe [ 1 ] of Gaussian elimination (1690).
Rolle was born in Ambert , Basse-Auvergne . Rolle, the son of a shopkeeper, received only an elementary education. He marri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Rolle |
Michel Van den Bergh (born 25 July 1960) is a Belgian mathematician and professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and does research at Hasselt University . His research interest is on the fundamental relationship between algebra and geometry . In 2003, he was awarded the Francqui Prize on Exact Sciences.
Van den Ber... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Van_den_Bergh |
The Michelangelo Hand is a fully articulated robotic hand prosthesis developed by the German prosthetics company Ottobock and its American partner Advanced Arm Dynamics. It is the first prosthesis to feature an electronically actuated thumb which mimics natural human hand movements. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The Michelangelo H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo_Hand |
Michele Mosca is co-founder and deputy director of the Institute for Quantum Computing at the University of Waterloo , researcher and founding member of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , and professor of mathematics in the department of Combinatorics & Optimization at the University of Waterloo. He has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele_Mosca |
In combustion , Michelson–Sivashinsky equation describes the evolution of a premixed flame front, subjected to the Darrieus–Landau instability , in the small heat release approximation. The equation was derived by Gregory Sivashinsky in 1977, [ 1 ] who along the Daniel M. Michelson, presented the numerical solutions of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson–Sivashinsky_equation |
Michiei Oto is a molecular biologist and an expert on the application of biotechnology to genetic testing . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] He was the first to propose gene literacy education. [ 4 ]
Oto was born in Japan. He received a bachelor's degree in biochemistry from Chiba University in 1980 and a Ph.D. from the School of Me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiei_Oto |
The Michigan Life Sciences Corridor (MLSC) is a $ 1 billion biotechnology initiative in the U.S. state of Michigan .
The MLSC invests in biotech research at four Michigan institutions: the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor ; Michigan State University in East Lansing ; Wayne State University in Detroit ; and the Van ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Life_Sciences_Corridor |
The University of Michigan Spin Physics Center focuses on studies of spin effects in high polarized proton-proton elastic and inelastic scattering. These polarized scattering experiments use the world-class solid and jet polarized proton targets, which are developed, upgraded and tested at the center. The Center obtain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Spin_Physics_Center |
The Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI) is a research center of Michigan Technological University located in Ann Arbor, Michigan . [ 1 ] The institute specializes in advancing the state of the art in remote sensing and information technology for a variety of applications.
MTRI has its heritage in the branch of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Tech_Research_Institute |
The Michigan Terminal System ( MTS ) is one of the first time-sharing computer operating systems . [ 1 ] Created in 1967 at the University of Michigan for use on IBM S/360 -67, S/370 and compatible mainframe computers , it was developed and used by a consortium of eight universities in the United States , Canada , and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Terminal_System |
MicrOmega-IR is an infrared hyperspectral microscope that is part of the science payload on board the European Rosalind Franklin rover , [ 2 ] tasked to search for biosignatures on Mars. The rover is planned to be launched not earlier than 2028. MicrOmega-IR will analyse in situ the powder material derived from crushed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicrOmega-IR |
The Perkin-Elmer Micralign was a family of aligners introduced in 1973. Micralign was the first projection aligner, a concept that dramatically improved semiconductor fabrication . According to the Chip History Center, it "literally made the modern IC industry". [ 1 ]
The Micralign addressed a significant problem in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micralign |
The micro-atmosphere method is an antimicrobial sensitivity testing method involving the use of potentially bacteriostatic or fungicidal compounds which are obtained from the volatile oils of plants, such as citronella grass . This method involves the use of essential oils , a growth medium , a selection of bacterial o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-atmosphere_method |
Micro-combustion is the sequence of exothermic chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species at micro level. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame . Fuels of interest often include org... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-combustion |
Micro-compounding is the mixing or processing of polymer formulations in the melt on a small scale, typically milliliters. It is popular for research and development because it gives faster, more reliable results with smaller samples and less cost. Its applications include pharmaceutical , biomedical , and nutritional ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-compounding |
Microencapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules, with useful properties. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In general, it is used to incorporate food ingredients , [ 3 ] enzymes , cells or other materials on a micro metric scale. Microencapsulation can also be used to en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-encapsulation |
Micro-incineration or microincineration is a technique to determine the manner and distribution of mineral elements in biological cells , biological tissues and organs. Slide preparation of tissues can be used. Examples include calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and silicon (Si).
The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-incineration |
A micro-loop heat pipe or MLHP is a miniature loop heat pipe in which the radius of curvature of the liquid meniscus in the evaporator is in the same order of magnitude of the micro grooves' dimensions; or a miniature loop heat pipe which has been fabricated using microfabrication techniques. [ 1 ]
This technology-rel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-loop_heat_pipe |
The theory of micro-mechanics of failure aims to explain the failure of continuous fiber reinforced composites by micro-scale analysis of stresses within each constituent material (such as fiber and matrix), and of the stresses at the interfaces between those constituents, calculated from the macro stresses at the ply ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-mechanics_of_failure |
The micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method is a crystal growth technique based on continuous transport of the melted substance through micro-channel(s) made in a crucible bottom. Continuous solidification of the melt is progressed on a liquid/solid interface positioned under the crucible. In a steady state, both the melt a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-pulling-down |
Micro-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy ( micro-SORS ) is an analytical technique developed in 2014 that combines SORS with microscopy . [ 1 ] The technique derives its sublayer‐resolving properties from its parent technique SORS . [ 2 ] The main difference between SORS and micro-SORS is the spatial resolution: while... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-spatially_offset_Raman_spectroscopy |
Microspectrophotometry is the measure of the spectra of microscopic samples using different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (e.g. ultraviolet , visible and near infrared , etc.) It is accomplished with microspectrophotometers , cytospectrophotometers , microfluorometers , Raman microspectrophotometers , etc. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-spectrophotometry |
MicroEmulator (also MicroEMU ) — is a free and open-source platform independent J2ME emulator allowing to run MIDlets (applications and games) on any device with compatible JVM . It is written in pure Java as an implementation of J2ME in J2SE . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
In November 2001, MicroEmulator project has been created... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroEmulator |
MicroPort is a multinational medical technology developer and manufacturer that is primarily headquartered in Shanghai, China . It mainly designs and produces medical devices for a range of fields including cardiology , interventional radiology , orthopedics , electrophysiology , and surgical management . [ 2 ] MicroPo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroPort |
Micro ribonucleic acid ( microRNA , miRNA , μRNA ) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21–23 nucleotides . [ 1 ] Found in plants, animals, and even some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] miRNAs base-pair to comp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA |
MicroRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) , a type of RNA-Seq , is the use of next-generation sequencing or massively parallel high-throughput DNA sequencing to sequence microRNAs , also called miRNAs. miRNA-seq differs from other forms of RNA-seq in that input material is often enriched for small RNAs. miRNA-seq allows research... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA_sequencing |
MicroTCA (short for Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture , also: μTCA ) is a modular, open standard, created and maintained by the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG). It provides the electrical, mechanical, thermal and management specifications to create a switched fabric computer system, us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroTCA |
Micro armour (or micro armor ) refers to scale models made of lead, pewter, die cast metal or plastic, usually used for wargaming purposes. Variations of the name include: mini armour, microscale, mini tanks, miniature armour, miniature tanks, micro tanks, minitanks , minifigs, armour figurines, tank figurines, etc. ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_armour |
Micro carbon residue , commonly known as "MCR" is a laboratory test used to determine the amount of carbonaceous residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of petroleum materials under certain conditions. The test is used to provide some indication of a material's coke -forming tendencies. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The tes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_carbon_residue |
A micro gallery was a computer-based guide to archives and museum collections, first developed for the collections at the National Gallery in London, UK. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It took three years to develop by the company Cognitive Applications , and opened in July 1991 as part of the facilities in the Sainsbury Wing . Visitors ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_gallery |
Micro heat exchangers, Micro-scale heat exchangers, or microstructured heat exchangers are heat exchangers in which (at least one) fluid flows in lateral confinements with typical dimensions below 1 mm. The most typical such confinement are microchannels , which are channels with a hydraulic diameter below 1 mm. Microc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_heat_exchanger |
Micro miniature (also called micro art or micro sculpture ) is a fine art form. Micro miniatures are made with the assistance of microscopes , or eye surgeon tools. [ 1 ] It originated at the end of 20th century. [ 2 ]
The National Museum of Toys and Miniatures in Kansas City, Missouri has micro-miniatures in their pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_miniature |
Micro pitting is a fatigue failure of the surface of a material commonly seen in rolling bearings and gears . [ 1 ] It is also known as grey staining , micro spalling or frosting .
The difference between pitting and micropitting is the size of the pits after surface fatigue . Pits formed by micropitting are approximat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_pitting |
Micro power sources and nano power sources are units of RFID , MEMS , microsystems and nanosystems for energy-power generation, harvesting from ambient, storage and conversion.
[1] La O` G.J., In H.J., Crumlin E., Barbastathis G., Shao-Horn Y. Resent advances in microdevices for electrochemical energy conversion and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_power_source |
Micro process engineering is the science of conducting chemical or physical processes ( unit operations ) inside small volumina,
typically inside channels with diameters of less than 1 mm
(microchannels) or other structures with sub-millimeter dimensions.
These processes are usually carried out in continuous flow mod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_process_engineering |
A microactuator is a microscopic servomechanism that supplies and transmits a measured amount of energy for the operation of another mechanism or system. As a general actuator , following standards have to be met:
For microactuator, there are two in addition
The basic principle can be described as the expression for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microactuator |
Microalgae do not settle by gravity , therefore expensive harvesting techniques must be applied. This is a major bottleneck of microalgal technology. Bioflocculation of microalgae and bacteria addresses this.
MaB-flocs or M icro a lgal B acterial flocs settle by gravity, up to density of 20 g per liter. This is a majo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microalgal_bacterial_flocs |
Microanalysis is the chemical identification and quantitative analysis of very small amounts of chemical substances (generally less than 10 mg or 1 ml) or very small surfaces of material (generally less than 1 cm 2 ). One of the pioneers in the microanalysis of chemical elements was the Austrian Nobel Prize winner Fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microanalysis |
A microarray is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip . [ 1 ] Its purpose is to simultaneously detect the expression of thousands of biological interactions. It is a two-dimensional array on a solid substrate —usually a glass slide or silicon thin-film cell —that assays (tests) large amounts of biological material using high-throu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarray |
Microarray analysis techniques are used in interpreting the data generated from experiments on DNA ( Gene chip analysis ), RNA, and protein microarrays , which allow researchers to investigate the expression state of a large number of genes – in many cases, an organism's entire genome – in a single experiment. [ 1 ] Su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarray_analysis_techniques |
A microarray database is a repository containing microarray gene expression data. The key uses of a microarray database are to store the measurement data, manage a searchable index, and make the data available to other applications for analysis and interpretation (either directly, or via user downloads).
Microarray da... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microarray_databases |
Microautophagy is one of the three common forms of autophagic pathway , but unlike macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy , it is mediated—in mammals by lysosomal action or in plants and fungi by vacuolar action—by direct engulfment of the cytoplasmic cargo. Cytoplasmic material is trapped in the lysosome/vacu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microautophagy |
See text.
Microbacteriaceae is a family of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales . [ 1 ] They are Gram-positive soil organisms.
The family Microbacteriaceae comprises the following genera: [ 2 ]
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature [ 2 ] and the phyl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbacteriaceae |
MicrobeLibrary is a permanent collection of over 1400 original peer-reviewed resources for teaching undergraduate microbiology . It is provided by the American Society for Microbiology , Washington DC , United States .
Contents include curriculum activities; images and animations; reviews of books, websites and other ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicrobeLibrary |
Microbeads, also called Ugelstad particles [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] after the Norwegian chemist , professor John Ugelstad , who invented them in 1977 and patented the method in 1978, [ 4 ] are uniform polymer particles , typically 0.5 to 500 microns in diameter. Bio-reactive molecules can be absorbed or coupled to their surfa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbead_(research) |
A microbeam is a narrow beam of radiation , of micrometer or sub-micrometer dimensions. Together with integrated imaging techniques, microbeams allow precisely defined quantities of damage to be introduced at precisely defined locations. Thus, the microbeam is a tool for investigators to study intra- and inter-cellular... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbeam |
MicrobesOnline is a publicly and freely accessible website that hosts multiple comparative genomic tools for comparing microbial species at the genomic, transcriptomic and functional levels. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] MicrobesOnline was developed by the Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival, which is based at the Lawren... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicrobesOnline |
Microbes and Man is a popularising book by the English microbiologist John Postgate FRS [ 1 ] on the role of microorganisms in human society , first published in 1969, and still in print in 2017. Critics called it a "classic" [ 2 ] and "a pleasure to read". [ 3 ]
The book is structured as follows: [ 4 ]
The 4th editi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbes_and_Man |
Microbial DNA barcoding is the use of DNA metabarcoding to characterize a mixture of microorganisms . DNA metabarcoding is a method of DNA barcoding that uses universal genetic markers to identify DNA of a mixture of organisms. [ 1 ]
Using metabarcoding to assess microbial communities has a long history. Back in 1972,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_DNA_barcoding |
Microbial art , [ 1 ] agar art , [ 2 ] or germ art [ 3 ] is artwork created by culturing microorganisms in certain patterns. [ 4 ] The microbes used can be bacteria , yeast , fungi , or less commonly, protists . The microbes can be chosen for their natural colours or engineered to express fluorescent proteins and viewe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_art |
Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_biodegradation |
Microbial biogeography is a subset of biogeography , a field that concerns the distribution of organisms across space and time. [ 1 ] Although biogeography traditionally focused on plants and larger animals, recent studies have broadened this field to include distribution patterns of microorganisms . This extension of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_biogeography |
Microbial cell factory is an approach to bioengineering which considers microbial cells as a production facility in which the optimization process largely depends on metabolic engineering . [ 1 ] MCFs is a derivation of cell factories, which are engineered microbes and plant cells. [ 2 ] In 1980s and 1990s, MCFs were o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cell_factory |
A microbial consortium or microbial community , is two or more bacterial or microbial groups living symbiotically . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Consortiums can be endosymbiotic or ectosymbiotic , or occasionally may be both. The protist Mixotricha paradoxa , itself an endosymbiont of the Mastotermes darwiniensis termite, is always fou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_consortium |
Microorganisms engage in a wide variety of social interactions, including cooperation . A cooperative behavior is one that benefits an individual (the recipient) other than the one performing the behavior (the actor). [ 1 ] This article outlines the various forms of cooperative interactions ( mutualism and altruism ) s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cooperation |
Microbial corrosion , also known as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) , microbially induced corrosion (MIC) or biocorrosion , occurs when microbes affect the electrochemical environment of the surface on which they are fixed. This usually involves the formation of a biofilm , which can either increase the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_corrosion |
A microbial cyst is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism , that can be thought of as a state of suspended animation in which the metabolic processes of the cell are slowed and the cell ceases all activities like feeding and locomotion. Many groups of single-celled, microscopic organisms, or microbes, [ 1 ] pos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cyst |
Microbial cytology is the study of microscopic and submicroscopic details of microorganisms . [ 1 ] Origin of "Microbial" 1880-85; < Greek mīkro- micro- small + bíos life). "Cytology" 1857; < Cyto-is derived from the Greek "kytos" meaning "hollow, as a cell or container." + -logy meaning "the study of"). [ 2 ] Microbi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cytology |
Microbial dark matter [ 1 ] [ 2 ] (MDM) comprises the vast majority of microbial organisms (usually bacteria and archaea ) that microbiologists are unable to culture in the laboratory, due to lack of knowledge or ability to supply the required growth conditions. Microbial dark matter is analogous to the dark matter of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_dark_matter |
A microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a biological electrochemical system that implements the use of electro-active bacteria to power desalination of water in situ , resourcing the natural anode and cathode gradient of the electro-active bacteria and thus creating an internal supercapacitor . Available water supply ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_desalination_cell |
Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology ) is a discipline where the interaction of microorganisms and their environment are studied. [ 2 ] Microorganisms are known to have important and harmful ecological relationships within their species and other species. [ 2 ] Many scientists have studied the relationship ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_ecology |
Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) use microorganisms as electrochemical catalyst , merging the microbial metabolism with electrochemical processes for the production of bioelectricity , biofuels , H 2 and other valuable chemicals. [ 1 ] Microbial fuel cells (MFC) and microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) are p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_electrochemical_technologies |
A microbial electrolysis cell ( MEC ) is a technology related to Microbial fuel cells (MFC). Whilst MFCs produce an electric current from the microbial decomposition of organic compounds, MECs partially reverse the process to generate hydrogen or methane from organic material by applying an electric current. [ 1 ] The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_electrolysis_cell |
Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a form of microbial electrocatalysis in which electrons are supplied to living microorganisms via a cathode in an electrochemical cell by applying an electric current . The electrons are then used by the microorganisms to reduce carbon dioxide to yield industrially relevant products.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_electrosynthesis |
Microbial food cultures are live bacteria , yeasts or moulds used in food production. Microbial food cultures carry out the fermentation process in foodstuffs. Used by humans since the Neolithic period (around 10 000 years BC) [ 1 ] fermentation helps to preserve perishable foods and to improve their nutritional and or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_food_cultures |
The microbial food web refers to the combined trophic interactions among microbes in aquatic environments. These microbes include viruses , bacteria , algae , heterotrophic protists (such as ciliates and flagellates ). [ 1 ] In aquatic ecosystems, microbial food webs are essential because they form the basis for the cy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_food_web |
Microbial genetics is a subject area within microbiology and genetic engineering . Microbial genetics studies microorganisms for different purposes. The microorganisms that are observed are bacteria and archaea. Some fungi and protozoa are also subjects used to study in this field. The studies of microorganisms involve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_genetics |
Microbial hyaluronic acid production refers to the process by which microorganisms , such as bacteria and yeast , are utilized in fermentation to synthesize hyaluronic acid (HA). [ 1 ] HA is used in a wide range of medical, cosmetic , and biological products because of its high moisture retention and viscoelasticity qu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_hyaluronic_acid_production |
Microbial inoculants , also known as soil inoculants or bioinoculants , are agricultural amendments that use beneficial rhizosphericic or endophytic microbes to promote plant health. Many of the microbes involved form symbiotic relationships with the target crops where both parties benefit ( mutualism ). While microbia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_inoculant |
The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its incorporation into bacterial biomass, and then coupled with the classic food chain formed by phytoplankton - zooplankton - nekton . In soil systems, the microbial loop re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_loop |
A microbial mat is a multi-layered sheet or biofilm of microbial colonies , composed of mainly bacteria and/or archaea . Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces , but a few survive in deserts. [ 1 ] A few are found as endosymbionts of animals .
Altho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat |
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon ) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_metabolism |
Microbial oxidation of sulfur refers to the process by which microorganisms oxidize reduced sulfur compounds to obtain energy, often supporting autotrophic carbon fixation. This process is primarily carried out by chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes , which use compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_oxidation_of_sulfur |
Microbial pathogenesis is a field of microbiology that started at least as early as 1988, with the identification of the triune Falkow's criteria , aka molecular Koch's postulates . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In 1996, Fredricks and Relman proposed a seven-point list of "Molecular Guidelines for Establishing Microbial Disease Causatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_pathogenesis |
Microbial phylogenetics is the study of the manner in which various groups of microorganisms are genetically related. This helps to trace their evolution . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] To study these relationships biologists rely on comparative genomics , as physiology and comparative anatomy are not possible methods. [ 3 ]
Microbial ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_phylogenetics |
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