text stringlengths 11 320k | source stringlengths 26 161 |
|---|---|
A vintage design is a design of another era that holds important and recognizable value. [ 1 ] Vintage styles can be applied to interior design , decor, clothing and other areas. Vintage design is popular [ 2 ] and vintage items have risen in price. Outlets of vintage design have shifted from thrift store to shabby chi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintage_design |
VinyLoop is a proprietary physical plastic recycling process for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is based on dissolution in order to separate PVC from other materials or impurities. [ 1 ]
A major factor of the recycling of polyvinyl chloride waste is the purity of the recycled material. In most composite materials, PVC i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VinyLoop |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on vinyl bromide .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI , and follow its directions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_bromide_(data_page) |
In organic chemistry , a vinyl group (abbr. Vi ; [ 1 ] IUPAC name : ethenyl group [ 2 ] ) is a functional group with the formula −CH=CH 2 . It is the ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) molecule ( H 2 C=CH 2 ) with one fewer hydrogen atom. The name is also used for any compound containing that group, namely R−CH=CH 2 where... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_group |
In organic chemistry , a vinyl iodide (also known as an iodoalkene ) functional group is an alkene with one or more iodide substituents. Vinyl iodides are versatile molecules that serve as important building blocks and precursors in organic synthesis. They are commonly used in carbon-carbon forming reactions in transit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_iodide_functional_group |
Vinyl roof refers to a vinyl covering for an automobile's top. [ 1 ]
This covering was originally designed to give the appearance of a convertible to models with a fixed roof and eventually evolved into a styling statement in its own right. Vinyl roofs were most popular in the North American market, and they are consi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_roof |
A vinyl sulfone is an organic compound with the formula O 2 S(CH=CH 2 ) 2 . The molecule consisting of two vinyl groups bonded to a sulfone . It is the parent of several vinyl sulfones of the type O 2 S(CH=CH 2 )R . [ 1 ] Many vinyl sulfones are known.
Examples include phenyl vinyl sulfone, [ 2 ] methyl vinyl sulfone... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_sulfone |
In chemistry , vinylene (also ethenylene or 1,2-ethenediyl ) [ 1 ] is a divalent functional group (a part of a molecule ) [ 2 ] with formula −CH=CH−; [ 3 ] namely, two carbons, each connected to the other by a double bond, to an hydrogen atom by a single bond, and to the rest of the molecule by another single bond. [ 4... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinylene_group |
In chemistry , vinylidenes are compounds with the functional group C=CH 2 . An example is 1,1-dichloroethene (CCl 2 =CH 2 ) commonly called vinylidene chloride . It and vinylidene fluoride are precursors to commercially useful polymers.
Vinylidene chloride and fluoride can be converted to linear polymers polyvinylide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinylidene_group |
In organic chemistry , vinylogy is the transmission of electronic effects through a conjugated organic bonding system. [ 1 ] The concept was introduced in 1926 by Ludwig Claisen to explain the acidic properties of formylacetone and related ketoaldehydes . Formylacetone, technically CH 3 (C=O)CH 2 CH=O , only exists in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinylogy |
Viologens are organic compounds with the formula (C 5 H 4 NR) 2 n+ . In some viologens, the pyridyl groups are further modified. [ 1 ]
Viologens are called so, because these compounds produce violet color on reduction [violet + Latin gen , generator of].
The viologen paraquat (R = methyl), is a widely used herbicide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viologen |
Viral biological control is the implementation of viruses to control or deplete pest populations. Viruses have high host specificity allowing targeted infections that are unlikely to impact other organisms. Viral biological control methods are studied and used globally, for sustainable agricultural practices, controlli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_biological_control |
Viral dynamics is a field of applied mathematics concerned with describing the progression of viral infections within a host organism. [ 1 ] It employs a family of mathematical models that describe changes over time in the populations of cells targeted by the virus and the viral load . These equations may also track co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_dynamics |
Viral entry is the earliest stage of infection in the viral life cycle , as the virus comes into contact with the host cell and introduces viral material into the cell. The major steps involved in viral entry are shown below. [ 1 ] Despite the variation among viruses, there are several shared generalities concerning v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_entry |
The viral epitranscriptome includes all modifications to viral transcripts, studied by viral epitranscriptomics . Like the more general epitranscriptome , these modifications do not affect the sequence of the transcript , but rather have consequences on subsequent structures and functions.
The discovery of mRNA modifi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_epitranscriptome |
Viral eukaryogenesis is the hypothesis that the cell nucleus of eukaryotic life forms evolved from a large DNA virus in a form of endosymbiosis within a methanogenic archaeon or a bacterium . The virus later evolved into the eukaryotic nucleus by acquiring genes from the host genome and eventually usurping its role. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_eukaryogenesis |
Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology concerned with the evolution of viruses . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses —have relatively high mutation rates (on the order of one point mutation or more per genome per round of replication). Although... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_evolution |
Viruses are only able to replicate themselves by commandeering the reproductive apparatus of cells and making them reproduce the virus's genetic structure and particles instead. How viruses do this depends mainly on the type of nucleic acid DNA or RNA they contain, which is either one or the other but never both. Virus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_life_cycle |
Viral metagenomics uses metagenomic technologies to detect viral genomic material from diverse environmental and clinical samples. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Viruses are the most abundant biological entity and are extremely diverse; however, only a small fraction of viruses have been sequenced and only an even smaller fraction have b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_metagenomics |
Viral neuronal tracing is the use of a virus to trace neural pathways , providing a self-replicating tracer . Viruses have the advantage of self-replication over molecular tracers but can also spread too quickly and cause degradation of neural tissue. Viruses that can infect the nervous system, called neurotropic virus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_neuronal_tracing |
Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur. Through the generation of abundant copies of its genome and packaging these copies, the virus continues infecting new hosts. Replica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication |
Viral shedding is the expulsion and release of virus progeny following successful reproduction during a host cell infection. Once replication has been completed and the host cell is exhausted of all resources in making viral progeny, the viruses may begin to leave the cell by several methods . [ 1 ]
The term is variou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_shedding |
The mammalian immune system has evolved complex methods for addressing and adapting to foreign antigens. At the same time, viruses have co-evolved evasion machinery to address the many ways that host organisms attempt to eradicate them. DNA and RNA viruses use complex methods to evade immune cell detection through disr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_strategies_for_immune_response_evasion |
Viral transformation is the change in growth, phenotype , or indefinite reproduction of cells caused by the introduction of inheritable material. Through this process, a virus causes harmful transformations of an in vivo cell or cell culture . The term can also be understood as DNA transfection using a viral vector .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_transformation |
Viral transport medium (VTM) is a solution used to preserve virus specimens after collection so that they can be transported and analysed in a laboratory at a later time. Unless stored in an ultra low temperature freezer or in liquid nitrogen , virus samples, and especially RNA virus samples, are prone to degradation. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_transport_medium |
A viral vector is a modified virus designed to deliver genetic material into cells . This process can be performed inside an organism or in cell culture . Viral vectors have widespread applications in basic research, agriculture, and medicine.
Viruses have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms to transport their ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_vector |
The Virbhadra-Ellis lens equation [ 1 ] in astronomy and mathematics relates to the angular positions of an unlensed source ( β ) {\displaystyle \left(\beta \right)} , the image ( θ ) {\displaystyle \left(\theta \right)} , the Einstein bending angle of light ( α ^ ) {\displaystyle ({\hat {\alpha }})} , and the angular ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virbhadra–Ellis_lens_equation |
Virginia Wood Cornish is the Helena Rubinstein Professor of Chemistry at Columbia University. [ 1 ]
Cornish received her BA in chemistry in 1991, working with professor Ronald Breslow . Her PhD research, on site-specific protein labeling [ 2 ] and mutagenesis , was carried out with Peter Schultz . Cornish was an NSF p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Cornish |
Virginia H. Holsinger (March 13, 1937 – September 4, 2009) [ 1 ] was a food scientist whose research was significant in the dairy industry . Her research on enzymes as dietary supplements and food treatments was critical to the development of Lactaid and Beano . [ 2 ]
Holsinger was born in Washington, D.C., on March 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Holsinger |
The Virgocentric flow (VCF) is the preferred movement of Local Group galaxies towards the Virgo cluster [ 1 ] caused by its overwhelming gravity , which separates bound objects from the Hubble flow of cosmic expansion . The VCF can refer to the Local Group's movement towards the Virgo Cluster , [ 2 ] since its center i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgocentric_flow |
Virgínia Sampaio Teixeira Ciminelli (born 1954) is a Brazilian metallurgist specializing in extractive metallurgy , the recovery of metals from metal-containing materials, including hydrometallurgy , electrometallurgy , sustainability in metal extraction, and the restoration of water quality in water returned to the en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgínia_Ciminelli |
Virial coefficients B i {\displaystyle B_{i}} appear as coefficients in the virial expansion of the pressure of a many-particle system in powers of the density, providing systematic corrections to the ideal gas law . They are characteristic of the interaction potential between the particles and in general depend on th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virial_coefficient |
The virial expansion is a model of thermodynamic equations of state . It expresses the pressure P of a gas in local equilibrium as a power series of the density . This equation may be represented in terms of the compressibility factor , Z , as Z ≡ P R T ρ = A + B ρ + C ρ 2 + ⋯ {\displaystyle Z\equiv {\frac {P}{RT\rho }... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virial_expansion |
Viridiplantae ( lit. ' green plants ' ; kingdom Plantae sensu stricto ) [ 6 ] is a clade of around 450,000–500,000 species of eukaryotic organisms, most of which obtain their energy by photosynthesis . The green plants are chloroplast -bearing autotrophs that play important primary production roles in both terrestrial ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viridiplantae |
In September 2021, Synthetic Genomics Inc. ( SGI ), a private company located in La Jolla , California, changed its name to Viridos. [ 1 ] The company is focused on the field of synthetic biology , especially harnessing photosynthesis with micro algae to create alternatives to fossil fuels. [ 2 ] Viridos designs and b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viridos_(company) |
Virilization or masculinization is the biological development of adult male characteristics in young males or females. [ 1 ] Most of the changes of virilization are produced by androgens .
Virilization is a medical term commonly used in three medical and biology of sex contexts: prenatal biological sexual differentiat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virilization |
The viriome of a habitat or environment is the total virus content within it. [ 1 ] A viriome may relate to the viruses that inhabit a multicellular organism as well as the phages that are residing inside bacteria and archaea .
This term exists in contrast to the virome , which more commonly refers to the collection o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viriome |
Virivore (equivalently virovore ) comes from the English prefix viro- meaning virus, derived from the Latin word for poison, [ 1 ] and the suffix -vore from the Latin word vorare , meaning to eat, or to devour; [ 2 ] therefore, a virivore is an organism that consumes viruses. Virivory is a well-described process in whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virivore |
ViroCap is a test announced in 2015 by researchers at Washington University in St. Louis which can detect most of the infectious viruses which affect both humans and animals . It was demonstrated to be as sensitive as the various Polymerase chain reaction assays for the viruses. It will not be available for clinical us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViroCap |
ViroPharma Incorporated was a pharmaceutical company that developed and sold drugs that addressed serious diseases treated by physician specialists and in hospital settings. The company focused on product development activities on viruses and human disease , including those caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hepatitis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViroPharma |
Virodhamine ( O -arachidonoyl ethanolamine ; O-AEA ) is an endocannabinoid and a nonclassic eicosanoid , derived from arachidonic acid . O -Arachidonoyl ethanolamine is arachidonic acid and ethanolamine joined by an ester linkage, the opposite of the amide linkage found in anandamide . Based on this opposite orientatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virodhamine |
Viroinformatics is an amalgamation of virology with bioinformatics , involving the application of information and communication technology in various aspects of viral research.
Currently there are more than 100 web servers and databases harboring knowledge regarding different viruses as well as distinct applications c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroinformatics |
Virokines are proteins encoded by some large DNA viruses that are secreted by the host cell and serve to evade the host's immune system . Such proteins are referred to as virokines if they resemble cytokines , growth factors , or complement regulators ; the term viroceptor is sometimes used if the proteins resemble cel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virokine |
Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses . It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virology |
Virophysics is a branch of biophysics in which the theoretical concepts and experimental techniques of physics are applied to study the mechanics and dynamics driving the interactions between virions and cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Research in virophysics typically focuses on resolving the physical structure and structur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virophysics |
A virosome is a drug or vaccine delivery mechanism consisting of unilamellar phospholipid membrane (either a mono- or bi-layer) vesicle incorporating virus derived proteins to allow the virosomes to fuse with target cells. Viruses are infectious agents that can replicate in their host organism, however virosomes do not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virosome |
Virosphere ( virus diversity, virus world, global virosphere) was coined to refer to all those places in which viruses are found or which are affected by viruses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] However, more recently virosphere has also been used to refer to the pool of viruses that occurs in all hosts and all environments, [ 3 ] as well... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virosphere |
Virotherapy is a treatment using biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents by reprogramming viruses to treat diseases. There are three main branches of virotherapy: anti-cancer oncolytic viruses , viral vectors for gene therapy and viral immunotherapy . These branches use three different types of treatme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virotherapy |
Virtual Cell (VCell) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] is an open-source software platform for modeling and simulation of living organisms , primarily cells . It has been designed to be a tool for a wide range of scientists, from experimental cell biologists to theoretical biophysicists . [ 5 ]
Virtual Cell is an advanced softw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Cell |
The Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed (VCBT) is a whole building emulator located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland . It is designed with enough flexibility to be capable of reproducibly simulating normal operation and a variety of faulty and hazardous conditions that mig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Cybernetic_Building_Testbed |
In computing , Virtual DMA Services ( VDS ) refer to an application programming interface that allow DOS and Win16 applications and device drivers to perform DMA operations while running under protected or virtual 8086 mode .
This computing article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_DMA_Services |
A Virtual Interface Adapter ( VIA ) is a network protocol (such as TCP/IP ...). As of July 2006 Microsoft SQL Server 2005 supports it. The specific implementation of VIA will vary from vendor to vendor. In general, it is usually a network kind of interface but is usually a very high-performance, dedicated connection b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Interface_Adapter |
The Virtual Interface Architecture ( VIA ) is an abstract model of a user-level zero-copy network , and is the basis for InfiniBand , iWARP and RoCE . Created by Microsoft , Intel , and Compaq , the original VIA sought to standardize the interface for high-performance network technologies known as System Area Networks ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Interface_Architecture |
The IBM Virtual Machine Communication Facility (VMCF) is a feature of the VM/370 operating system introduced in Release 3 in 1976. It "provides a method of communication and data transfer between virtual machines operating under the same VM/370 system." [ 1 ]
VMCF uses paravirtualization through the diagnose instructi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Machine_Communication_Facility |
Virtual Organization for Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design ( VOICED ) is a virtual organization that promotes innovation in engineering design. This project is the collaborative work of researchers at five universities across the United States , and is funded by the National Science Foundation . The goal of this... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Organization_for_Innovative_Conceptual_Engineering_Design |
The Virtual Physiological Human ( VPH ) is a European initiative that focuses on a methodological and technological framework that, once established, will enable collaborative investigation of the human body as a single complex system . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The collective framework will make it possible to share resources and o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Physiological_Human |
Virtual USA (vUSA), is a joint federal and state collaboration on a project that would allow state and local on-line tools and technologies, such as caches of geospatial data, to be interoperable and more useful with the goal of creating a "Virtual USA" for emergency response purposes. [ 1 ] The initiative was develope... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_USA |
The Virtual breakdown mechanism is a concept in the field of electrochemistry . In electrochemical reactions, when the cathode and the anode are close enough to each other ( i.e. , so-called "nanogap electrochemical cells "), the double layer of the regions from the two electrodes is overlapped, forming a large electri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_breakdown_mechanism |
Virtual design and construction (VDC) is the management of integrated multi-disciplinary performance models of design–construction projects, including the product (facilities), work processes , and organization of the design – construction – operation team to support explicit and public business objectives. [ 1 ] This ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_design_and_construction |
In analytical mechanics , a branch of applied mathematics and physics , a virtual displacement (or infinitesimal variation ) δ γ {\displaystyle \delta \gamma } shows how the mechanical system's trajectory can hypothetically (hence the term virtual ) deviate very slightly from the actual trajectory γ {\displaystyle \gam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_displacement |
Virtual engineering ( VE ) is defined as integrating geometric models and related engineering tools such as analysis, simulation , optimization , and decision making tools, etc., within a computer-generated environment that facilitates multidisciplinary collaborative product development. Virtual engineering shares many... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_engineering |
Virtual instrumentation is the use of customizable software and modular measurement hardware to create user-defined measurement systems.
Traditional hardware instrumentation systems are made up of fixed hardware components, such as digital multimeters and oscilloscopes that are completely specific to their stimulus, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_instrumentation |
In genetics , virtual karyotype is the digital information reflecting a karyotype , resulting from the analysis of short sequences of DNA from specific loci all over the genome , which are isolated and enumerated. [ 1 ] It detects genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution for level than conventional karyoty... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_karyotype |
In knot theory , a virtual knot is a generalization of knots in 3-dimensional Euclidean space , R 3 , to knots in thickened surfaces Σ × [ 0 , 1 ] {\displaystyle \Sigma \times [0,1]} modulo an equivalence relation called stabilization/destabilization. Here Σ {\displaystyle \Sigma } is required to be closed and oriented... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_knot |
In computer security , virtual machine escape ( VM escape ) is the process of a program breaking out of the virtual machine (VM) on which it is running and interacting with the host operating system . [ 1 ] In theory, a virtual machine is a "completely isolated guest operating system installation within a normal host o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine_escape |
Virtual microscopy is a method of posting microscope images on, and transmitting them over, computer networks. This allows independent viewing of images by large numbers of people in diverse locations. It involves a synthesis of microscopy technologies and digital technologies. [ 1 ] The use of virtual microscopes can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_microscopy |
A Virtual Mixer is a software application that runs on a computer or other digital audio system. Providing the same functionality of a digital or analog mixing console , a virtual mixer takes the audio outputs of many separate tracks or live sources and combines them into a pair of stereo outputs or other routed subgro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_mixer |
A virtual network interface (VNI) is an abstract virtualized representation of a computer network interface that may or may not correspond directly to a network interface controller .
It is common for the operating system kernel to maintain a table of virtual network interfaces in memory. This may allow the system to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_network_interface |
A virtual particle is a theoretical transient particle that exhibits some of the characteristics of an ordinary particle, while having its existence limited by the uncertainty principle , which allows the virtual particles to spontaneously emerge from vacuum at short time and space ranges. [ 1 ] The concept of virtual ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_particle |
Virtual prototyping is a method in the process of product development . It involves using computer-aided design (CAD), computer-automated design (CAutoD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) software to validate a design before committing to making a physical prototype . This is done by creating (usually 3D) computer g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_prototyping |
Virtual screening ( VS ) is a computational technique used in drug discovery to search libraries of small molecules in order to identify those structures which are most likely to bind to a drug target , typically a protein receptor or enzyme . [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Virtual screening has been defined as "automatically evaluating... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_screening |
Virtual sensing techniques, [ 1 ] also called soft sensing , [ 2 ] proxy sensing , inferential sensing , or surrogate sensing , are used to provide feasible and economical alternatives to costly or impractical physical measurement instrument . A virtual sensing system uses information available from other measurements ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_sensing |
A virtual slide is created when glass slides are digitally scanned in their entirety to provide a high resolution digital image using a digital scanning system for the purpose of medical digital image analysis. Digital slides can be retrieved from a storage system, and viewed on a computer screen , by running image man... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_slide |
In quantum physics , a virtual state is a very short-lived, unobservable quantum state. [ 1 ]
In many quantum processes a virtual state is an intermediate state, sometimes described as "imaginary" [ 2 ] in a multi-step process that mediates otherwise forbidden transitions. Since virtual states are not eigenfunctions ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_state |
In mechanics , virtual work arises in the application of the principle of least action to the study of forces and movement of a mechanical system . The work of a force acting on a particle as it moves along a displacement is different for different displacements. Among all the possible displacements that a particle m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_work |
In computing, virtualization (abbreviated v12n ) is a series of technologies that allows dividing of physical computing resources into a series of virtual machines , operating systems , processes or containers. [ 1 ] Virtualization began in the 1960s with IBM CP/CMS . [ 1 ] The control program CP provided each user wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization |
Virtualization for aggregation combines physical servers and their memory and CPU power to create a single, large virtual machine . [ 1 ]
Virtualization for aggregation is the opposite of traditional server virtualization , which partitions a single physical system so that multiple OSes can be run on the hardware. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization_for_aggregation |
In topology , an area of mathematics , the virtually Haken conjecture states that every compact , orientable , irreducible three-dimensional manifold with infinite fundamental group is virtually Haken . That is, it has a finite cover (a covering space with a finite-to-one covering map) that is a Haken manifold .
After... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtually_Haken_conjecture |
A virtually imaged phased array ( VIPA ) [ 1 ] is an angular dispersive device that, like a prism or a diffraction grating , splits light into its spectral components. The device works almost independently of polarization . In contrast to prisms or regular diffraction gratings, the VIPA has a much higher angular disper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtually_imaged_phased_array |
A virtually safe dose ( VSD ) may be determined for those carcinogens not assumed to have a threshold. Virtually safe doses are calculated by regulatory agencies to represent the level of exposure to such carcinogenic agents at which an excess of cancers greater than that level accepted by society is not expected. [ 1 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtually_safe_dose |
A virucide (alternatively spelled viricide [ 1 ] ) is any physical or chemical agent that deactivates or destroys viruses. [ 2 ] The substances are not only virucidal but can be also bactericidal , fungicidal , sporicidal or tuberculocidal . [ 3 ]
Virucides are to be used outside the human body, and as such fall into ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virucide |
Virulence is a pathogen 's or microorganism 's ability to cause damage to a host.
In most cases, especially in animal systems, virulence refers to the degree of damage caused by a microbe to its host . [ 1 ] The pathogenicity of an organism—its ability to cause disease —is determined by its virulence factors . [ 2 ] [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulence |
Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms .
Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology , nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms , and the type of disease ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_classification |
Virus latency (or viral latency ) is the ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant ( latent ) within a cell, denoted as the lysogenic part of the viral life cycle. [ 1 ] A latent viral infection is a type of persistent viral infection which is distinguished from a chronic viral infection. Latency is the phase in cer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_latency |
Virus nanotechnology is the use of viruses as a source of nanoparticles for biomedical purposes.
Viruses are made up of a genome and a capsid ; and some viruses are enveloped. Most virus capsids measure between 20-500 nm in diameter. Because of their nanometer size dimensions, viruses have been considered as naturally ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_nanotechnology |
Virus quantification is counting or calculating the number of virus particles (virions) in a sample to determine the virus concentration. It is used in both research and development (R&D) in academic and commercial laboratories as well as in production situations where the quantity of virus at various steps is an impor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_quantification |
Vis medicatrix naturae (literally "the healing power of nature", and also known as natura medica ) is the Latin rendering of the Greek Νόσων φύσεις ἰητροί ("Nature is the physician(s) of diseases"), a phrase attributed to Hippocrates . While the phrase is not actually attested in his corpus, [ 1 ] it nevertheless sums ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis_medicatrix_naturae |
Vis viva (from the Latin for "living force") is a historical term used to describe a quantity similar to kinetic energy in an early formulation of the principle of conservation of energy .
Proposed by Gottfried Leibniz over the period 1676–1689, the theory was controversial as it seemed to oppose the theory of conserv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis_viva |
A visbreaker is a processing unit in an oil refinery whose purpose is to minimize the quantity of residual oil produced in the distillation of crude oil and to increase the yield of more valuable middle distillates ( heating oil and diesel ) by the refinery. A visbreaker thermally cracks large hydrocarbon molecules in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visbreaker |
Visceral pain is defined as pain that results from the activation of nociceptors of the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal viscera (organs) in the human body. Visceral structures are highly sensitive to distension (stretch), ischemia and inflammation , but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visceral_pain |
Viscimation is the turbulence when liquids of different viscosities mix,
particularly the formation of vortices (also known as "viscimetric whorls") and visible separate threads of the different liquids.
The term viscimation is archaic and idiosyncratic to whisky tasting; their study (or appreciation) is called viscim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscimation |
In materials science and continuum mechanics , viscoelasticity is the property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation . Viscous materials, like water, resist both shear flow and strain linearly with time when a stress is applied. Elastic materials strain when stre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscoelasticity |
A viscometer (also called viscosimeter ) is an instrument used to measure the viscosity of a fluid . For liquids with viscosities which vary with flow conditions , an instrument called a rheometer is used. Thus, a rheometer can be considered as a special type of viscometer. [ 1 ] Viscometers can measure only constant v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscometer |
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid 's rate-dependent resistance to a change in shape or to movement of its neighboring portions relative to one another. [ 1 ] For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness ; for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water . [ 2 ] Viscosity is defined scientificall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity |
The viscosity index ( VI ) is an arbitrary, unit-less measure of a fluid's change in viscosity relative to temperature change. It is mostly used to characterize the viscosity-temperature behavior of lubricating oils . The lower the VI, the more the viscosity is affected by changes in temperature. The higher the VI, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity_index |
In geometry , visibility is a mathematical abstraction of the real-life notion of visibility.
Given a set of obstacles in the Euclidean space , two points in the space are said to be visible to each other, if the line segment that joins them does not intersect any obstacles. (In the Earth's atmosphere light follows a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visibility_(geometry) |
The Visible Embryo Project ( VEP ) is a multi-institutional, multidisciplinary research project originally created in the early 1990s as a collaboration between the Developmental Anatomy Center at the National Museum of Health and Medicine and the Biomedical Visualization Laboratory (BVL) at the University of Illinois ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_Embryo_Project |
The Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph ( VIMOS ) is a wide field imager and a multi-object spectrograph installed at the European Southern Observatory 's Very Large Telescope (VLT), in Chile. The instrument used for deep astronomical surveys delivers visible images and spectra of up to 1,000 galaxies at a time. [ 1 ] [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_Multi_Object_Spectrograph |
Vision rehabilitation (often called vision rehab ) is a term for a medical rehabilitation to improve vision or low vision . In other words, it is the process of restoring functional ability and improving quality of life and independence in an individual who has lost visual function through illness or injury. [ 1 ] [ 2 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_rehabilitation |
A Visite du Branchage is an inspection of roads in Jersey and Guernsey to ensure property owners have complied with the laws against vegetation encroaching onto the road.
The Visite du Branchage takes place in each parish twice a year to check that occupiers of houses and land bordering on public roads have undertaken... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visite_du_Branchage |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.