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In theoretical physics , the Weyl transformation , named after German mathematician Hermann Weyl , is a local rescaling of the metric tensor :
g a b → e − 2 ω ( x ) g a b {\displaystyle g_{ab}\rightarrow e^{-2\omega (x)}g_{ab}}
which produces another metric in the same conformal class . A theory or an expression inv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl_transformation |
In general relativity , the Weyl–Lewis–Papapetrou coordinates are used in solutions to the vacuum region surrounding an axisymmetric distribution of mass–energy . They are named for Hermann Weyl , Thomas Lewis, and Achilles Papapetrou . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
The square of the line element is of the form: [ 4 ]
where ( t ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl–Lewis–Papapetrou_coordinates |
Whale feces , the excrement of whales , has a vital role in the ecology of oceans , [ 2 ] earning whales the title of "marine ecosystem engineers ." This significant ecological role stems from the nutrients and compounds found in whale feces, which have far-reaching effects on marine life.
Nitrogen and iron chelate re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_feces |
The Wharton olefin synthesis or the Wharton reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the reduction of α,β-epoxy ketones using hydrazine to give allylic alcohols . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This reaction, introduced in 1961 by P. S. Wharton, is an extension of the Wolff–Kishner reduction . The general features of this synt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharton_reaction |
What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry , is a 2005 non-fiction book by John Markoff . The book details the history of the personal computer , closely tying the ideologies of the collaboration -driven, World War II -era defense research community to the embryonic co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_the_Dormouse_Said |
Whatman plc is a Cytiva brand specialising in laboratory filtration products and separation technologies.
Whatman products cover a range of laboratory applications that require filtration, sample collection (cards and kits), blotting, lateral flow components and flow-through assays and other general laboratory accesso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatman_plc |
A wheat lamp is a type of incandescent light designed for use in underground mining , named for inventor Grant Wheat and manufactured by Koehler Lighting Products in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania , United States, a region known for extensive mining activity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
A safety lamp designed for use in potentially hazar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_lamp |
A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit , one leg of which includes the unknown component. The primary benefit of the circuit is its ability to provide extremely accurate measurements (in contrast with something like a simpl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheatstone_bridge |
A wheel is a type of algebra (in the sense of universal algebra ) where division is always defined. In particular, division by zero is meaningful. The real numbers can be extended to a wheel, as can any commutative ring .
The term wheel is inspired by the topological picture ⊙ {\displaystyle \odot } of the real proje... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_theory |
In civil engineering , a wheel tractor-scraper (also known as a land scraper , land leveler , tournapull or simply called a scraper ) is a type of heavy equipment used for earthmoving . It has a pan/hopper for loading and carrying material. The pan has a tapered horizontal front cutting edge that cuts into the soil lik... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_tractor-scraper |
A wheel washing system is a device used to clean the tires of trucks when they are leaving a site, helping to control and eliminate pollution of public roads. [ 1 ] The installation can be made in or above the ground for either temporary or permanent applications. [ citation needed ] There are two types of wheel washin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_washing_system |
In both road and rail vehicles , the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels. For road vehicles with more than two axles (e.g. some trucks), the wheelbase is the distance between the steering (front) axle and the centerpoint of the driving axle group. In the case of a tri-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelbase |
The Wheeler Jump is a type of subroutine call methodology that was used on some early computers that lacked hardware support for saving the return address. The concept was developed by David Wheeler while working on the pioneering EDSAC machine in the 1950s. [ 1 ] EDSAC had not been built with subroutines in mind, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeler_Jump |
The incremental inductance rule , attributed to Harold Alden Wheeler [ 1 ] by Gupta [ 2 ] : 101 and others [ 3 ] : 80 is a formula used to compute skin effect resistance and internal inductance in parallel transmission lines when the frequency is high enough that the skin effect is fully developed. Wheeler's concept i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeler_incremental_inductance_rule |
When Engineering Fails is a 1998 film written and presented by Henry Petroski . [ 1 ] It examines the causes of major disasters, including the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger , and compares the risks of computer-assisted design with those of traditional engineering methods. The original title of the film was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_Engineering_Fails |
When Topology Meets Chemistry: A Topological Look At Molecular Chirality is a book in chemical graph theory on the graph-theoretic analysis of chirality in molecular structures. It was written by Erica Flapan , based on a series of lectures she gave in 1996 at the Institut Henri Poincaré , [ 1 ] and was published in 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_Topology_Meets_Chemistry |
Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being (hereinafter WMCF ) is a book by George Lakoff , a cognitive linguist , and Rafael E. Núñez , a psychologist . Published in 2000, WMCF seeks to found a cognitive science of mathematics , a theory of embodied mathematics based on conceptua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_Mathematics_Comes_From |
Whipple was a proposed space observatory in the NASA Discovery Program . [ 1 ] The observatory would try to search for objects in the Kuiper belt and the theorized Oort cloud by conducting blind occultation observations. [ 2 ] Although the Oort cloud was hypothesized in the 1950s, it has not yet been directly observed.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whipple_(spacecraft) |
The Fred Whipple Award , established in 1989 by the Planetary Sciences Section of the American Geophysical Union , is presented to an individual who makes an outstanding contribution to the field of planetary science . [ 1 ] The award was established to honor Fred Whipple . The Whipple Award includes an opportunity to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whipple_Award |
A whippletree , or whiffletree , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] is a mechanism to distribute force evenly through linkages . It is also referred to as an equalizer , leader bar , or double tree . It consists of a bar pivoted at or near the centre, with force applied from one direction to the pivot and from the other direction to the tips... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whippletree_(mechanism) |
A whirlwind mill is a beater mill for pulverising and micro-pulverising in process engineering .
Whirlwind mills essentially consist of a mill base, a mill cover and a rotor . The inner side of the cover is equipped with wear protection elements. The top of the rotor is equipped with precrushing tools, and its side is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlwind_mill |
Metal whiskering is a phenomenon that occurs in electrical devices when metals form long whisker-like projections over time. Tin whiskers were noticed and documented in the vacuum tube era of electronics early in the 20th century in equipment that used pure, or almost pure, tin solder in their production. It was notice... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisker_(metallurgy) |
Whistler Water is a manufacturer and supplier of bottled water. Their water originates from mountains just north of Whistler in British Columbia , Canada and is bottled a short distance away in Burnaby , British Columbia. Whistler Water has been supplying their products for over 25 years. [ 1 ]
Whistler Water's origin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistler_Water |
White Heat Cold Logic (2008), edited by Paul Brown , Charlie Gere , Nicholas Lambert, and Catherine Mason , is a book about the history of British computer art during 1960–1980. [ 1 ]
The book includes 29 contributed chapters by a variety of authors. The book was published in 2008 by MIT Press , [ 2 ] in hardcover for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Heat_Cold_Logic |
The White House Big Dig was the name used in press reports to describe a multi-year construction project at the White House that began in September 2010 and temporarily concluded in 2012, with a second phase planned for the future. According to the General Services Administration (GSA), the $376-million project, which ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Big_Dig |
White Lead (Painting) Convention, 1921 is an International Labour Organization Convention established in 1921 to advance the prohibition of using white lead in paint.
As of 2017 many leading global nations, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, China and India remain outside the organizatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Lead_(Painting)_Convention,_1921 |
White Space Internet uses a part of the radio spectrum known as white spaces . The frequency range is created when there are gaps between the coverage areas of television channels . The spaces can provide broadband internet access that is similar to that of 4G mobile. [ 1 ]
In a 2012 test of the technology, the city o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Space_Internet |
White blood cells (scientific name leukocytes ), also called immune cells or immunocytes , are cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign entities. White blood cells are generally larger than red blood cells . They include three main subtypes: granulo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell |
A white box system is a mechanical system installed in the engine room of a ship for controlling and monitoring the engine room bilge water discharge from the vessel.
The system consists of all vital components for monitoring and controlling the discharge from the vessel's oily water separator . The white box includes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_box_system |
The White catalyst is a transition metal coordination complex named after the chemist by whom it was first synthesized, M. Christina White , a professor at the University of Illinois . The catalyst has been used in a variety of allylic C-H functionalization reactions of α-olefins . In addition, it has been shown to c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_catalyst |
In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal ( BCD ) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits , usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e.g. error or overflow).
In byte -oriented sys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_code |
White etching cracks ( WEC ), or white structure flaking or brittle flaking , is a type of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage that can occur in bearing steels under certain conditions, such as hydrogen embrittlement , high stress , inadequate lubrication, and high temperature. WEC is characterised by the presence of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_etching_cracks |
The white feather is a widely recognised propaganda symbol. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The white feather was most prominently used in the ' white feather movement ' in Britain during the First World War , in which women gave white feathers to non-enlisting men symbolizing cowardice and shaming them into signing up.
Other than the Wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_feather |
In general relativity , a white hole is a hypothetical region of spacetime and singularity that cannot be entered from the outside, although energy , matter , light and information can escape from it. In this sense, it is the reverse of a black hole , from which energy, matter, light and information cannot escape. Whit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_hole |
A white light scanner ( WLS ) is a device for performing surface height measurements of an object using coherence scanning interferometry ( CSI ) with spectrally-broadband, "white light" illumination. Different configurations of scanning interferometer may be used to measure macroscopic objects with surface profiles me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_light_scanner |
White matter dissection refers to a special anatomical technique able to reveal the subcortical organization of white matter fibers in the human or animal cadaver brain.
The first studies of cerebral white matter (WM) were described by Galen and by the subsequent efforts of Vesalius on human cadaver specimens. [ 2 ] [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_matter_dissection |
The white metals are a series of often decorative bright metal alloys used as a base for plated silverware , ornaments or novelties, as well as any of several lead -based or tin -based alloys used for things like bearings , jewellery , miniature figures , fusible plugs , some medals and metal type . [ 1 ] The term is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_metal |
White phosphorus , yellow phosphorus , or simply tetraphosphorus (P 4 ) is an allotrope of phosphorus . It is a translucent waxy solid that quickly yellows in light (due to its photochemical conversion into red phosphorus ), [ 2 ] and impure white phosphorus is for this reason called yellow phosphorus. White phosphorus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_phosphorus |
White pox disease (also " acroporid serratiosis " and " patchy necrosis "), first noted in 1996 on coral reefs near the Florida Keys , is a coral disease affecting Elkhorn coral ( Acropora palmata ) throughout the Caribbean . It causes irregular white patches or blotches on the coral that result from the loss of coral... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_pox_disease |
Whiteboard animation is the process of which an author physically draws and records an illustrated story using a whiteboard , or whiteboard-like surface, and marker pens . The animations frequently are aided with narration by script. The authors commonly use time-lapsed drawing and stop motion animation to liven hand-d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteboard_animation |
Whiteboarding when used in the context of computing, is the placement of shared files on an on-screen shared notebook or whiteboard. Videoconferencing and data conferencing software often lets documents as on a physical whiteboard .
In hybrid whiteboarding , special handwriting detection software allows for physical w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteboarding |
In mathematics , point-free geometry is a geometry whose primitive ontological notion is region rather than point . Two axiomatic systems are set out below, one grounded in mereology , the other in mereotopology and known as connection theory .
Point-free geometry was first formulated by Alfred North Whitehead , [ 1 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehead's_point-free_geometry |
In group theory , a branch of abstract algebra , the Whitehead problem is the following question:
Is every abelian group A with Ext 1 ( A , Z ) = 0 a free abelian group ?
Saharon Shelah proved that Whitehead's problem is independent of ZFC , the standard axioms of set theory. [ 1 ]
Assume that A is an abelian group ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehead_problem |
Whiteout or white-out [ 1 ] is a weather condition in which visibility and contrast are severely reduced by snow , fog , or sand . The horizon disappears from view while the sky and landscape appear featureless, leaving no points of visual reference by which to navigate.
A whiteout may be due simply to extremely heavy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteout_(weather) |
Whitetopping is the covering of an existing asphalt pavement with a layer of Portland cement concrete . Whitetopping is divided into types depending on the thickness of the concrete layer and whether the layer is bonded to the asphalt substrate. Unbonded whitetopping, also called conventional whitetopping, uses concret... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitetopping |
Whitewash , calcimine , kalsomine , calsomine , asbestis or lime paint is a type of paint made from slaked lime ( calcium hydroxide , Ca(OH) 2 ) or chalk ( calcium carbonate , CaCO 3 ), sometimes known as "whiting". Various other additives are sometimes used.
Whitewash cures through a reaction with carbon dioxide in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitewash |
A whiting event is a phenomenon that occurs when a suspended cloud of fine-grained calcium carbonate precipitates in water bodies , typically during summer months, as a result of photosynthetic microbiological activity or sediment disturbance. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The phenomenon gets its name from the white, chalky color ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiting_event |
The Whiting reaction is an organic reaction converting a propargyl diol into a diene using lithium aluminium hydride . [ 1 ]
This organic reduction has been applied in the synthesis of fecapentaene , a suspected cause of colon cancer : [ 2 ]
Protecting groups are tetrahydropyranyl and TBSMS ; the final step is deprot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiting_reaction |
The position of Whitley Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford is one of the permanent chairs of the university, and the first in the field of biochemistry at the university. It is associated with a fellowship at Trinity College, Oxford , and was established with an endowment of £10,000 by Edward Whitley... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitley_Professor_of_Biochemistry |
In mathematics , in particular in mathematical analysis , the Whitney extension theorem is a partial converse to Taylor's theorem . Roughly speaking, the theorem asserts that if A is a closed subset of a Euclidean space, then it is possible to extend a given function of A in such a way as to have prescribed derivative... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney_extension_theorem |
In mathematics , the Whitney inequality gives an upper bound for the error of best approximation of a function by polynomials in terms of the moduli of smoothness . It was first proved by Hassler Whitney in 1957, [ 1 ] and is an important tool in the field of approximation theory for obtaining upper estimates on the er... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney_inequality |
The Whitworth Society was founded in 1923 by Henry Selby Hele-Shaw , then president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers . Its purposes are to promote engineering in the United Kingdom, and more specifically to support all Whitworth Scholars, the recipients of a scholarship funded by Joseph Whitworth 's scholarsh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitworth_Society |
The Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) is an international consortium of astronomers created in 1997, with the aim to study a particular category of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) called blazars , which are characterized by strong and fast brightness variability, on time scales down to hours or less.
This collaboration... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_Earth_Blazar_Telescope |
The Whole Earth Telescope is an international network of astronomers that collaborate to study variable stars . The distribution of the observatories in longitude allow the selected targets to be continuously monitored despite the rotation of the Earth . [ 2 ]
This concept was devised by American astronomers R. Edward... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_Earth_Telescope |
Aquatic toxicology is the study of the effects of manufactured chemicals and other anthropogenic and natural materials and activities on aquatic organisms at various levels of organization, from subcellular through individual organisms to communities and ecosystems . [ 1 ] Aquatic toxicology is a multidisciplinary fiel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_effluent_toxicity |
Whole genome bisulfite sequencing is a next-generation sequencing technology used to determine the DNA methylation status of single cytosines by treating the DNA with sodium bisulfite before high-throughput DNA sequencing . The DNA methylation status at various genes can reveal information regarding gene regulation and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_bisulfite_sequencing |
Whole genome sequencing ( WGS ), also known as full genome sequencing or just genome sequencing , is the process of determining the entirety of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] This entails sequencing all of an organism's chromosomal DNA as well as DNA contained in the mitoch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing |
In chemistry , the whole number rule states that the masses of the isotopes are whole number multiples of the mass of the hydrogen atom. [ 1 ] The rule is a modified version of Prout's hypothesis proposed in 1815, to the effect that atomic weights are multiples of the weight of the hydrogen atom. [ 2 ] It is also known... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_number_rule |
A whorl ( / w ɜːr l / or / w ɔːr l / ) is an individual circle , oval , volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern , which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles , ovals and arcs ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
For mollusc whorls , the body whorl in a mollusc shell is the most recently formed whorl of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whorl |
" Why is there anything at all? " or " Why is there something rather than nothing? " is a question about the reason for basic existence which has been raised or commented on by a range of philosophers and physicists , including Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , [ 3 ] Ludwig Wittgenstein , [ 4 ] and Martin Heidegger , [ 5 ] w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_is_there_anything_at_all? |
IEEE 802.11be , dubbed Extremely High Throughput (EHT) , is a wireless networking standard in the IEEE 802.11 set of protocols [ 4 ] [ 5 ] which is designated Wi-Fi 7 by the Wi-Fi Alliance . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] It has built upon 802.11ax , focusing on WLAN indoor and outdoor operation with stationary and pedestrian speed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_7 |
Cambium Networks Corporation is an American manufacturer of wireless telecommunications equipment, including Enterprise WiFi , Network switch , Internet of Things , and fixed wireless broadband and Wi-Fi for enterprises products for Internet access . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Publicly traded on the NASDAQ stock exchange, it sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_array |
WiFi-Where was a tool that facilitated Wardriving and detection of wireless LANs using the 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g WLAN standards . Versions existed for the operating systems iOS and Palm OS . Originally created in June 2004 for the Palm OS by Jonathan Hays of Hazelware Software, the IP for WiFi-Where was licensed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiFi-Where |
WiFi Explorer is a wireless network scanner tool for macOS that can help users identify channel conflicts, overlapping and network configuration issues [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] that may be affecting the connectivity and performance of Wi-Fi networks.
WiFi Explorer began as a desktop alternative to WiFi Analyzer, an iPhone ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiFi_Explorer |
WiGLE ( Wireless Geographic Logging Engine ) is a website for collecting information about the different wireless hotspots around the world. Users can register on the website and upload hotspot data like GPS coordinates , SSID , MAC address and the encryption type used on the hotspots discovered. In addition, cell towe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiGLE |
In physics , Wick rotation , named after Italian physicist Gian Carlo Wick , is a method of finding a solution to a mathematical problem in Minkowski space from a solution to a related problem in Euclidean space by means of a transformation that substitutes an imaginary-number variable for a real-number variable.
Wick... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wick_rotation |
WidSets is a mobile runtime technology, and a mobile service powered by the said technology, based on the Java MIDP 2.0 platform , from the Finnish mobile company Nokia . It is both a widget engine and a widget deployment service where mini-applications called widgets can be uploaded to WidSets servers to be compiled a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WidSets |
The Widal test , developed in 1896 and named after its inventor, Georges-Fernand Widal , is an indirect agglutination test for enteric fever or undulant fever whereby bacteria causing typhoid fever are mixed with a serum containing specific antibodies obtained from an infected individual. In cases of Salmonella infecti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widal_test |
Widdershins (sometimes withershins , widershins or widderschynnes ) is a term meaning to go counter-clockwise, anti-clockwise, or lefthandwise, or to walk around an object by always keeping it on the left. Literally, it means to take a course opposite the apparent motion of the sun viewed from the Northern Hemisphere (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widdershins |
A wide-column store (or extensible record store ) is a type of NoSQL database . [ 1 ] It uses tables, rows, and columns, but unlike a relational database , the names and format of the columns can vary from row to row in the same table. A wide-column store can be interpreted as a two-dimensional key–value store . [ 1 ] ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-column_store |
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer ( WISE , observatory code C51, Explorer 92 and MIDEX-6 ) was a NASA infrared astronomy space telescope in the Explorers Program launched in December 2009. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] WISE discovered thousands of minor planets and numerous star clusters . Its observations also supported the dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer |
Wide-field multiphoton microscopy [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] refers to an optical non-linear imaging technique tailored for ultrafast imaging in which a large area of the object is illuminated and imaged without the need for scanning. High intensities are required to induce non-linear optical processes such as two-photon ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide-field_multiphoton_microscopy |
The Wide Area Augmentation System ( WAAS ) is an air navigation aid developed by the Federal Aviation Administration to augment the Global Positioning System (GPS), with the goal of improving its accuracy, integrity, and availability. Essentially, WAAS is intended to enable aircraft to rely on GPS for all phases of fli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_Area_Augmentation_System |
Wide Area GPS Enhancement (WAGE) is a method to increase the horizontal accuracy of the GPS encrypted P(Y) Code by adding additional range correction data to the satellite broadcast navigation message.
Per a 1997 article, [ citation needed ] the navigation message for each satellite is updated once daily or as needed.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_Area_GPS_Enhancement |
Cisco Wide Area Application Services (WAAS) is technology developed by Cisco Systems that optimizes the performance of any TCP-based application operating in a wide area network (WAN) environment while preserving and strengthening branch security. WAAS combines WAN optimization , acceleration of TCP-based applications,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_application_services |
The Wideband Networking Waveform ( WNW ) is a military radio protocol for mobile ad hoc networking (MANETs) for software defined radios. [ 1 ] It was developed as part of the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) program of the U.S. Department of Defense , and was intended for US and NATO military use.
The ""WNW"" wavefor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wideband_Networking_Waveform |
Wideband material refers to material that can convey Microwave signals (light/sound) over a variety of wavelengths . These materials possess exemplary attenuation and dielectric constants, and are excellent dielectrics for semiconductor gates . Examples of such material include gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wideband_materials |
Widespread fatigue damage ( WFD ) in a structure is characterised by the simultaneous presence of fatigue cracks at multiple points that are of sufficient size and density that while individually they may be acceptable, link-up of the cracks could suddenly occur and the structure could fail. [ 1 ] For example, small f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widespread_fatigue_damage |
A widget is a device placed in a container of beer to manage the characteristics of the beer's head . The original widget was patented in Ireland by Guinness . The "floating widget" is found in cans of beer as a hollow plastic sphere, approximately 3 centimetres (1.2 in) in diameter (similar in appearance to a table te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widget_(beer) |
Cinnoline is an aromatic heterocyclic compound with the formula C 8 H 6 N 2 . It is isomeric with other naphthyridines including quinoxaline , phthalazine and quinazoline .
The free base can be obtained as an oil by treatment of the hydrochloride with base. It co-crystallizes with one molecule of ether as white silk... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widman–Stoermer_synthesis |
In the context of the pressure-temperature phase diagram of a substance and of the supercritical fluid state in particular, the Widom line is a line emanating from the critical point which in a way extends the liquid-vapor coexistence curve above the critical point.
It corresponds to the maxima or minima of certain phy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widom_line |
Widom scaling (after Benjamin Widom ) is a hypothesis in statistical mechanics regarding the free energy of a magnetic system near its critical point which leads to the critical exponents becoming no longer independent so that they can be parameterized in terms of two values. The hypothesis can be seen to arise as a na... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widom_scaling |
The Wiedemann effect is the twisting of a ferromagnetic rod through which an electric current is flowing when the rod is placed in a longitudinal magnetic field, caused by the total helical magnetic field. It is the inverse of the Matteucci effect . It was discovered by the German physicist Gustav Wiedemann in 1858 [ 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiedemann_effect |
In mathematics —specifically, in Riemannian geometry —a Wiedersehen pair is a pair of distinct points x and y on a (usually, but not necessarily, two-dimensional) compact Riemannian manifold ( M , g ) such that every geodesic through x also passes through y , and the same with x and y interchanged.
For example, on an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiedersehen_pair |
In physics , Wien's displacement law states that the black-body radiation curve for different temperatures will peak at different wavelengths that are inversely proportional to the temperature. The shift of that peak is a direct consequence of the Planck radiation law , which describes the spectral brightness or intens... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien's_displacement_law |
Wien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law ) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived by Wilhelm Wien in 1896. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The equation does accurately describe the short-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien_approximation |
The Wien effect is the experimentally-observed increase in ionic mobility or conductivity of electrolytes at very high gradient of electrical potential . [ 1 ] A theoretical explanation has been proposed by Lars Onsager . [ 2 ]
A related phenomenon is known as the Second Wien Effect or the dissociation field effect , ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wien_effect |
In network theory , the Wiener connector is a means of maximizing efficiency in connecting specified "query vertices" in a network. Given a connected , undirected graph and a set of query vertices in a graph, the minimum Wiener connector is an induced subgraph that connects the query vertices and minimizes the sum of s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_connector |
In chemical graph theory , the Wiener index (also Wiener number ) introduced by Harry Wiener , is a topological index of a molecule , defined as the sum of the lengths of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in the chemical graph representing the non- hydrogen atoms in the molecule. [ 1 ]
Wiener index can ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_index |
In the mathematical field of probability , the Wiener sausage is a neighborhood of the trace of a Brownian motion up to a time t , given by taking all points within a fixed distance of Brownian motion. It can be visualized as a sausage of fixed radius whose centerline is Brownian motion. The Wiener sausage was named a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_sausage |
In mathematics, the Wiener series , or Wiener G-functional expansion , originates from the 1958 book of Norbert Wiener . It is an orthogonal expansion for nonlinear functionals closely related to the Volterra series and having the same relation to it as an orthogonal Hermite polynomial expansion has to a power series .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_series |
The Wiener–Ikehara theorem is a Tauberian theorem , originally published by Shikao Ikehara , a student of Norbert Wiener 's, in 1931. It is a special case of Wiener's Tauberian theorems , which were published by Wiener one year later. It can be used to prove the prime number theorem (Chandrasekharan, 1969), under the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener–Ikehara_theorem |
In applied mathematics , the Wiener–Khinchin theorem or Wiener–Khintchine theorem , also known as the Wiener–Khinchin–Einstein theorem or the Khinchin–Kolmogorov theorem , states that the autocorrelation function of a wide-sense-stationary random process has a spectral decomposition given by the power spectral density ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener–Khinchin_theorem |
The Wieringerrandmeer or bordering lake of Wieringen was a project in the Dutch province of North Holland and the (former) municipalities of Wieringen and Wieringermeer . It planned to create islands and a bordering lake . The project was canceled in 2010 by the provincial and national governments.
Wieringen has been ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieringerrandmeer |
A Wigner crystal is the solid (crystalline) phase of electrons first predicted by Eugene Wigner in 1934. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A gas of electrons moving in a uniform, inert, neutralizing background (i.e. Jellium Model ) will crystallize and form a lattice if the electron density is less than a critical value. This is because the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner_crystal |
The Wigner effect (named for its discoverer, Eugene Wigner ), [ 1 ] also known as the discomposition effect or Wigner's disease , [ 2 ] is the displacement of atoms in a solid caused by neutron radiation .
Any solid can display the Wigner effect. The effect is of most concern in neutron moderators , such as graphite ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner_effect |
The Wigner quasiprobability distribution (also called the Wigner function or the Wigner–Ville distribution , after Eugene Wigner and Jean-André Ville ) is a quasiprobability distribution . It was introduced by Eugene Wigner in 1932 [ 1 ] to study quantum corrections to classical statistical mechanics . The goal was to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner_quasiprobability_distribution |
In theoretical physics , the composition of two non- collinear Lorentz boosts results in a Lorentz transformation that is not a pure boost but is the composition of a boost and a rotation. This rotation is called Thomas rotation , Thomas–Wigner rotation or Wigner rotation . If a sequence of non-collinear boosts returns... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner_rotation |
In mathematical physics , the Wigner surmise is a statement about the probability distribution of the spaces between points in the spectra of nuclei of heavy atoms, which have many degrees of freedom, or quantum systems with few degrees of freedom but chaotic classical dynamics. It was proposed by Eugene Wigner in prob... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner_surmise |
The Wigner–Seitz cell , named after Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz , is a primitive cell which has been constructed by applying Voronoi decomposition to a crystal lattice . It is used in the study of crystalline materials in crystallography .
The unique property of a crystal is that its atoms are arranged in a regu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner–Seitz_cell |
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