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Decorrelationis a general term for any process that is used to reduceautocorrelationwithin a signal, orcross-correlationwithin a set of signals, while preserving other aspects of the signal.[citation needed]A frequently used method of decorrelation is the use of a matchedlinear filterto reduce theautocorrelationof a si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorrelation |
Acar, or anautomobile, is amotor vehiclewithwheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily onroads,seatone to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transportpeoplerather thancargo.[1][2]There are around one billion cars in use worldwide.[citation needed]
The French inventorNicolas-Joseph Cugnotbui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile |
Incryptography, aFeistel cipher(also known asLuby–Rackoff block cipher) is asymmetric structureused in the construction ofblock ciphers, named after theGerman-bornphysicistand cryptographerHorst Feistel, who did pioneering research while working forIBM; it is also commonly known as aFeistel network. A large number ofbl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feistel_network |
Instatisticsandmachine learning,leakage(also known asdata leakageortarget leakage) is the use ofinformationin the model training process which would not be expected to be available atpredictiontime, causing the predictive scores (metrics) tooverestimatethe model's utility when run in a production environment.[1]
Leaka... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leakage_(machine_learning) |
Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization[1]is a program and competition byNISTto update their standards to includepost-quantum cryptography.[2]It was announced at PQCrypto 2016.[3]23 signature schemes and 59 encryption/KEMschemes were submitted by the initial submission deadline at the end of 2017[4]of which 69 total ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIST_Post-Quantum_Cryptography_Standardization |
Inmathematics, aninvariant subspaceof alinear mappingT:V→Vi.e. from somevector spaceVto itself, is asubspaceWofVthat is preserved byT. More generally, an invariant subspace for a collection of linear mappings is a subspace preserved by each mapping individually.
Consider a vector spaceV{\displaystyle V}and a linear m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_subspace |
Incomputer science, theEarley parseris analgorithmforparsingstringsthat belong to a givencontext-free language, though (depending on the variant) it may suffer problems with certain nullable grammars.[1]The algorithm, named after its inventorJay Earley, is achart parserthat usesdynamic programming; it is mainly used fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earley_parser |
High-availability clusters(also known asHA clusters,fail-over clusters) are groups ofcomputersthat supportserverapplicationsthat can be reliably utilized witha minimum amount of down-time. They operate by usinghigh availability softwareto harnessredundantcomputers in groups orclustersthat provide continued service whe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-availability_cluster |
Crowdfixingis a specific way ofcrowdsourcing, in which people gather together to fix public spaces of thelocal community. The main aim is to fight against deterioration of public places. Crowdfixing actions include (but are not limited to) cleaningflashmobs, mowing, repairing structures, and removing unsafe elements.
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdfixing |
Asource portis a software project based on thesource codeof agame enginethat allows the game to be played onoperating systemsorcomputing platformswith which the game was not originally compatible.
Source ports are oftencreated by fansafter the original developer hands over the maintenance support for a game by releasi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_port |
ASPARQCodeis amatrix code(or two-dimensionalbar code)encodingstandard that is based on the physicalQR Codedefinition created by Japanese corporationDenso-Wave.
The QR Code standard as defined by Denso-Wave in ISO/IEC 18004 covers the physical encoding method of a binary data stream.[1]However, the Denso-Wave standard ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQCode |
Achatbotis asoftwareapplication or web interface that is designed to mimic humanconversationthrough text or voice interactions.[1][2][3]Modern chatbots are typicallyonlineand usegenerative artificial intelligencesystems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user innatural languageand simulating the way ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chatbots |
Incomputability theory, aprimitive recursive functionis, roughly speaking, a function that can be computed by acomputer programwhoseloopsare all"for" loops(that is, an upper bound of the number of iterations of every loop is fixed before entering the loop). Primitive recursive functions form a strictsubsetof thosegener... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_recursive_function |
The following is a list ofweb serviceprotocols. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_service_protocols |
Indecision theory, theodds algorithm(orBruss algorithm) is a mathematical method for computing optimal strategies for a class of problems that belong to the domain ofoptimal stoppingproblems. Their solution follows from theodds strategy, and the importance of the odds strategy lies in its optimality, as explained belo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds_algorithm |
ARMInstruction Set Simulator, also known asARMulator, is one of the software development tools provided by the development systems business unit ofARM Limitedto all users of ARM-based chips. It owes its heritage to the early development of the instruction set bySophie Wilson. Part of this heritage is still visible in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARMulator |
Reed's lawis the assertion ofDavid P. Reedthat theutilityof largenetworks, particularlysocial networks, canscale exponentiallywith the size of the network.[1]
The reason for this is that the number of possible sub-groups of network participants is 2N−N− 1, whereNis the number of participants. This grows much more rap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%27s_law |
ThePact of Forgetting(Spanish:Pacto del Olvido) is the political decision by both leftist and rightist parties of Spain to avoid confronting directly the legacy ofFrancoismafter the death ofFrancisco Francoin 1975.[1]The Pact of Forgetting was an attempt to move on from theCivil Warand subsequent repression and to conc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pact_of_forgetting |
In common usage,randomnessis the apparent or actual lack of definitepatternorpredictabilityin information.[1][2]A random sequence of events,symbolsor steps often has noorderand does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination. Individual random events are, by definition, unpredictable, but if there is a knownprob... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomness |
Thesuffix-onym(fromAncient Greek:ὄνυμα,lit.'name') is abound morpheme, that is attached to the end of aroot word, thus forming a newcompound wordthat designates a particularclassofnames. Inlinguisticterminology, compound words that are formed with suffix -onym are most commonly used as designations for variousonomastic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-onym |
Condorcet methods
Positional voting
Cardinal voting
Quota-remainder methods
Approval-based committees
Fractional social choice
Semi-proportional representation
By ballot type
Pathological response
Strategic voting
Paradoxes ofmajority rule
Positive results
This article discusses the methods and results of c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_system_criterion |
Radical democracyis a type ofdemocracythat advocates the radical extension ofequalityandliberty.[1]Radical democracy is concerned with a radical extension of equality andfreedom, following the idea that democracy is an unfinished, inclusive, continuous and reflexive process.[1]
Within radical democracy there are three... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_democracy |
In mathematics and computer science,optimal radix choiceis the problem of choosing the base, orradix, that is best suited for representing numbers. Various proposals have been made to quantify the relative costs of using different radices in representing numbers, especially in computer systems. One formula is the numbe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix_economy |
Parallel tempering, inphysicsandstatistics, is a computer simulation method typically used to find the lowest energy state of a system of many interacting particles. It addresses the problem that at high temperatures, one may have a stable state different from low temperature, whereas simulations at low temperatures ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_tempering |
Hypertargetingrefers to the ability to deliver advertising content to specific interest-based segments in a network.MySpacecoined the term in November 2007[1]with the launch of their SelfServe advertising solution (later called myAds[2]), described on their site as "enabling online marketers to tap into self-expressed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertargeting |
Apotentially unwanted program(PUP) orpotentially unwanted application(PUA) is software that a user may perceive as unwanted or unnecessary. It is used as a subjective tagging criterion by security and parental control products. Such software may use an implementation that can compromise privacy or weaken the computer's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentially_unwanted_program |
printfis ashellcommandthat formats and outputs text like thesame-named C function. It is available in a variety ofUnixandUnix-likesystems. Some shells implement the command asbuiltinand some provide it as autilityprogram[2]
The command has similarsyntaxandsemanticsas the library function. The command outputs text tost... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printf_(Unix) |
Scholastic Corporationis an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools viare... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastic_Corporation |
Apen register, ordialed number recorder(DNR), is a device that records allnumberscalled from a particulartelephoneline.[1]The term has come to include any device or program that performs similar functions to an original pen register, including programsmonitoringInternetcommunications.
The United States statutes govern... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_register |
Ingraph theory, a division ofmathematics, amedian graphis anundirected graphin which every threeverticesa,b, andchave a uniquemedian: a vertexm(a,b,c) that belongs toshortest pathsbetween each pair ofa,b, andc.
The concept of median graphs has long been studied, for instance byBirkhoff & Kiss (1947)or (more explicitly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_graph |
Analgorithmis fundamentally a set of rules or defined procedures that is typically designed and used to solve a specific problem or a broad set of problems.
Broadly, algorithms define process(es), sets of rules, or methodologies that are to be followed in calculations, data processing, data mining, pattern recognition... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_algorithms#Parsing |
Adatabase catalogof adatabaseinstance consists ofmetadatain which definitions ofdatabase objectssuch asbase tables,views(virtualtables),synonyms,value ranges,indexes,users, and user groups are stored.[1][2]It is anarchitectureproduct that documents the database's content anddata quality.[3]
TheSQLstandard specifies a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_catalog |
High Capacity Color Barcode(HCCB) is a technology developed byMicrosoftfor encoding data in a2D "barcode"using clusters of colored triangles instead of the square pixels conventionally associated with 2D barcodes orQR codes.[1]Data density is increased by using a palette of 4 or 8 colors for the triangles, although HCC... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Capacity_Color_Barcode |
Inlinear algebra, aToeplitz matrixordiagonal-constant matrix, named afterOtto Toeplitz, is amatrixin which each descending diagonal from left to right is constant. For instance, the following matrix is a Toeplitz matrix:
Anyn×n{\displaystyle n\times n}matrixA{\displaystyle A}of the form
is aToeplitz matrix. If thei,j... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toeplitz_matrix |
Informal semantics,homogeneityis the phenomenon wherepluralexpressions that seem to mean "all" negate to "none" rather than "not all". For example, theEnglishsentence "Robin read the books" requires Robin to have read all of the books, while "Robin didn't read the books" requires her to have read none of them. Neither ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneity_(semantics) |
Intelecommunication, aBerger codeis a unidirectionalerror detecting code, named after its inventor, J. M. Berger. Berger codes can detect all unidirectional errors. Unidirectional errors are errors that only flip ones into zeroes or only zeroes into ones, such as in asymmetric channels. Thecheck bitsof Berger codes are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berger_code |
User modelingis the subdivision ofhuman–computer interactionwhich describes the
process of building up and modifying a conceptual understanding of the user. The main goal of user modeling is customization andadaptation of systemsto the user's specific needs. The system needs to "say the 'right' thing at the 'right' tim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_modeling |
Tile, Inc.(stylized astile) is an Americanconsumer electronicscompany which producestracking devicesthat users can attach to their belongings such as keys and backpacks. A companionmobile appforAndroidandiOSallows users to track the devices usingBluetooth 4.0in order to locate lost items or to view their last detected ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile_(company) |
Scientific consensusis the generally held judgment, position, and opinion of themajorityor thesupermajorityofscientistsin aparticular fieldof study at any particular time.[1][2]
Consensus is achieved throughscholarly communicationatconferences, thepublicationprocess, replication ofreproducibleresults by others, schola... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensus |
Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL)is a sub-field ofreinforcement learning. It focuses on studying the behavior of multiple learning agents that coexist in a shared environment.[1]Each agent is motivated by its own rewards, and does actions to advance its own interests; in some environments these interests are op... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-agent_reinforcement_learning |
Indistributed data storage, aP-Gridis a self-organizing structuredpeer-to-peersystem, which can accommodate arbitrary key distributions (and hence support lexicographic key ordering and range queries), still providing storageload-balancingand efficient search by using randomized routing.
P-Grid abstracts atrieand reso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Grid |
The followingoutlineis provided as an overview of and topical guide to information technology:
Information technology(IT) –microelectronicsbased combination ofcomputingandtelecommunicationstechnologyto treatinformation, including in the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_information_technology |
Inmathematical logicandcomputer science, ageneral recursive function,partial recursive function, orμ-recursive functionis apartial functionfromnatural numbersto natural numbers that is "computable" in an intuitive sense – as well as in aformal one. If the function is total, it is also called atotal recursive function(s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C-recursive_function |
Instatistics,simple linear regression(SLR) is alinear regressionmodel with a singleexplanatory variable.[1][2][3][4][5]That is, it concerns two-dimensional sample points withone independent variable and one dependent variable(conventionally, thexandycoordinates in aCartesian coordinate system) and finds a linear functi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_linear_regression |
Aposition weight matrix (PWM), also known as aposition-specific weight matrix (PSWM)orposition-specific scoring matrix (PSSM), is a commonly used representation ofmotifs(patterns) in biological sequences.
PWMs are often derived from a set of aligned sequences that are thought to be functionally related and have become... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position-specific_scoring_matrix |
"What the Tortoise Said to Achilles",[1]written byLewis Carrollin 1895 for the philosophical journalMind,[1]is a brief allegorical dialogue on the foundations oflogic.[1]The titlealludesto one ofZeno's paradoxes of motion,[2]in whichAchillescould never overtake thetortoisein a race. In Carroll's dialogue, the tortoise ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_the_Tortoise_Said_to_Achilles |
Inprobability theoryand related fields, thelife-time of correlationmeasures the timespan over which there is appreciableautocorrelationorcross-correlationinstochastic processes.
Thecorrelation coefficientρ, expressed as anautocorrelation functionorcross-correlation function, depends on the lag-time between the times b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life-time_of_correlation |
Ininformation theory,perplexityis a measure of uncertainty in the value of a sample from a discrete probability distribution. The larger the perplexity, the less likely it is that an observer can guess the value which will be drawn from the distribution. Perplexity was originally introduced in 1977 in the context ofspe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perplexity |
Biomedical engineering(BME) ormedical engineeringis the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare applications (e.g., diagnostic or therapeutic purposes). BME is also traditionally logical sciences to advance health care treatment, includingdiagnosis,monitoring, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_engineering |
Inmathematics, amorphismis a concept ofcategory theorythat generalizes structure-preservingmapssuch ashomomorphismbetweenalgebraic structures,functionsfrom a set to another set, andcontinuous functionsbetweentopological spaces. Although many examples of morphisms are structure-preserving maps, morphisms need not to be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphism |
Dimensional modeling(DM) is part of theBusiness Dimensional Lifecyclemethodology developed byRalph Kimballwhich includes a set of methods, techniques and concepts for use indata warehousedesign.[1]: 1258–1260[2]The approach focuses on identifying the keybusiness processeswithin a business and modelling and implementing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensional_modeling |
Incomputing,type introspectionis the ability of a program toexaminethetypeor properties of anobjectatruntime.
Someprogramming languagespossess this capability.
Introspection should not be confused withreflection, which goes a step further and is the ability for a program tomanipulatethe metadata, properties, and funct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_introspection |
VACUUM[1][2][3][4]is a set ofnormativeguidance principles for achieving training and test dataset quality for structured datasets indata scienceandmachine learning. Thegarbage-in, garbage outprinciple motivates a solution to the problem of data quality but does not offer a specific solution. Unlike the majority of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VACUUM |
Mathematical optimization(alternatively spelledoptimisation) ormathematical programmingis the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives.[1][2]It is generally divided into two subfields:discrete optimizationandcontinuous optimization. Optimization problems arise i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimization_(mathematics) |
Intelecommunications,6Gis the designation for a futuretechnical standardof asixth-generationtechnology forwireless communications.
It is the planned successor to5G(ITU-RIMT-2020), and is currently in the early stages of the standardization process, tracked by theITU-Ras IMT-2030[1]with the framework and overall object... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6G |
Inphysics,relativistic angular momentumrefers to the mathematical formalisms and physical concepts that defineangular momentuminspecial relativity(SR) andgeneral relativity(GR). The relativistic quantity is subtly different from thethree-dimensionalquantity inclassical mechanics.
Angular momentum is an important dynam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-spin |
TheAI effectis the discounting of the behavior of anartificial intelligenceprogram as not "real" intelligence.[1]
The authorPamela McCorduckwrites: "It's part of thehistory of the field of artificial intelligencethat every time somebody figured out how to make a computer do something—play good checkers, solve simple b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_effect |
Inpropositional logic,conjunction elimination(also calledandelimination,∧ elimination,[1]orsimplification)[2][3][4]is avalidimmediate inference,argument formandrule of inferencewhich makes theinferencethat, if theconjunctionA and Bis true, thenAis true, andBis true. The rule makes it possible to shorten longerproofsby ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_elimination |
Model-driven architecture(MDA) is a software design approach for the development of software systems. It provides a set of guidelines for the structuring of specifications, which are expressed as models. Model Driven Architecture is a kind of domain engineering, and supportsmodel-driven engineeringof software systems. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-driven_architecture |
Theversineorversed sineis atrigonometric functionfound in some of the earliest (SanskritAryabhatia,[1]Section I)trigonometric tables. The versine of an angle is 1 minus itscosine.
There are several related functions, most notably thecoversineandhaversine. The latter, half a versine, is of particular importance in theh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versine |
Video feedbackis the process that starts and continues when avideo camerais pointed at its own playbackvideo monitor. The loop delay from camera to display back to camera is at least onevideoframe time, due to the input and output scanning processes; it can be more if there is more processing in the loop.
First discov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_feedback |
Multi-factor authentication(MFA;two-factor authentication, or2FA) is anelectronic authenticationmethod in which a user is granted access to awebsiteorapplicationonly after successfully presenting two or more distinct types of evidence (orfactors) to anauthenticationmechanism. MFA protectspersonal data—which may include... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication |
Inprobability theoryandergodic theory, aMarkov operatoris anoperatoron a certainfunction spacethat conserves the mass (the so-called Markov property). If the underlyingmeasurable spaceistopologicallysufficiently rich enough, then the Markov operator admits akernelrepresentation. Markov operators can belinearor non-line... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_operator |
Instochastic processes,chaos theoryandtime series analysis,detrended fluctuation analysis(DFA) is a method for determining the statisticalself-affinityof a signal. It is useful for analysingtime seriesthat appear to belong-memoryprocesses (divergingcorrelation time, e.g. power-law decayingautocorrelation function) or1/... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detrended_fluctuation_analysis |
Incomputeroperating systems, aprocess(ortask) maywaitfor another process to complete its execution. In most systems, aparent processcan create an independently executingchild process. The parent process may then issue awaitsystem call, which suspends the execution of the parent process while the child executes. When th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wait_(system_call) |
Anormal modeof adynamical systemis a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system movesinusoidallywith the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation. The free motion described by the normal modes takes place at fixed frequencies. These fixed frequencies of the normal modes of a system are known as itsnatur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_mode |
TheHeaviside step function, or theunit step function, usually denoted byHorθ(but sometimesu,1or𝟙), is astep functionnamed afterOliver Heaviside, the value of which iszerofor negative arguments andonefor positive arguments. Different conventions concerning the valueH(0)are in use. It is an example of the general class... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviside_step_function |
Inlinear algebra, amatrix unitis amatrixwith only one nonzero entry with value 1.[1][2]The matrix unit with a 1 in theith row andjth column is denoted asEij{\displaystyle E_{ij}}. For example, the 3 by 3 matrix unit withi= 1 andj= 2 isE12=[010000000]{\displaystyle E_{12}={\begin{bmatrix}0&1&0\\0&0&0\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-entry_vector |
Transient execution CPU vulnerabilitiesarevulnerabilitiesin which instructions, most often optimized usingspeculative execution, are executed temporarily by amicroprocessor, without committing their results due to a misprediction or error, resulting in leaking secret data to an unauthorized party. The archetype isSpect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_execution_CPU_vulnerability |
Ascale-free networkis anetworkwhosedegree distributionfollows apower law, at least asymptotically. That is, the fractionP(k) of nodes in the network havingkconnections to other nodes goes for large values ofkas
whereγ{\displaystyle \gamma }is a parameter whose value is typically in the range2<γ<3{\textstyle 2<\gamma <... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale-free_network |
Infunctional analysisand related areas ofmathematics, ametrizable(resp.pseudometrizable)topological vector space(TVS) is a TVS whose topology is induced by a metric (resp.pseudometric). AnLM-spaceis aninductive limitof a sequence oflocally convexmetrizable TVS.
Apseudometricon a setX{\displaystyle X}is a mapd:X×X→R{\d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranorm |
Shipping portalsare websites which allowshippers, consignees and forwarders access to multiple carriers through a single site. Portals provide bookings, track and trace, and documentation, and allow users to communicate with their carriers. In many respects, ashippingportal is to the maritime industry what aglobal dist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipping_portal |
The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations, published in 2004, is a book written byJames Surowieckiabout the aggregation of information in groups, resulting in decisions that, he argues, are often better than could have been ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wisdom_of_Crowds |
Age of candidacyis the minimum age at which a person canlegallyhold certain elected government offices. In many cases, it also determines the age at which a person may beeligible to standfor an election or be grantedballot access.
International electoral standards which are defined in the International Public Human Ri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_candidacy |
Astructure gauge, also called theminimum structure outline, is a diagram or physical structure that sets limits to the extent that bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure can encroach on rail vehicles. It specifies the height and width of station platforms,tunnelsandbridges, and the width of the doors that allow acce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_gauge |
Word playorwordplay[1](also:play-on-words) is aliterary techniqueand a form ofwitin which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect oramusement. Examples of word play includepuns, phonetic mix-ups such asspoonerisms, obscure words and meanings, cleverrhetoricalexcursio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_play |
Acase report form(orCRF) is a paper or electronic questionnaire specifically used in clinical trial research.[1]The case report form is the tool used by the sponsor of theclinical trialto collect data from each participating patient. All data on each patient participating in a clinical trial are held and/or documented ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_report_form |
Depth-first search(DFS) is analgorithmfor traversing or searchingtreeorgraphdata structures. The algorithm starts at theroot node(selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. Extra memory, usually astack, is needed to keep ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search |
Indata analysisinvolving geographical locations,geo-imputationorgeographical imputationmethods are steps taken to replacemissing valuesfor exact locations with approximate locations derived from associated data. They assign a reasonable location or geographic based attribute (e.g.,census tract) to a person by using bo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo-imputation |
Alanguage modelis amodelof natural language.[1]Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, includingspeech recognition,[2]machine translation,[3]natural language generation(generating more human-like text),optical character recognition,route optimization,[4]handwriting recognition,[5]grammar induction,[6]andinfo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_model |
TransmitorTransmissionmay refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(disambiguation) |
"AI slop", often simply "slop", is a derogatory term for low-quality media, including writing and images, made usinggenerative artificial intelligencetechnology, characterized by an inherent lack of effort, logic, or purpose.[1][4][5]Coined in the 2020s, the term has a pejorative connotation akin to "spam".[4]
It has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slop_(artificial_intelligence) |
Inlinguistics, thesyntax–semantics interfaceis the interaction betweensyntaxandsemantics. Its study encompasses phenomena that pertain to both syntax and semantics, with the goal of explaining correlations between form and meaning.[1]Specific topics includescope,[2][3]binding,[2]andlexical semanticproperties such asver... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax%E2%80%90semantics_interface |
Inmachine learning,support vector machines(SVMs, alsosupport vector networks[1]) aresupervisedmax-marginmodels with associated learningalgorithmsthat analyze data forclassificationandregression analysis. Developed atAT&T Bell Laboratories,[1][2]SVMs are one of the most studied models, being based on statistical learnin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_vector_machines |
File verificationis the process of using analgorithmfor verifying the integrity of acomputer file, usually bychecksum. This can be done bycomparing two filesbit-by-bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files. A more popular approach is to generate a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_verification |
Ambient IoT, fromambientandInternet of things, is a concept originally coined by3GPP[1]that is used in thetechnologyindustry referring to anecosystemof a large number of objects in which every item is connected into awireless sensor networkusing low-costself-poweredsensor nodes.[2][3][4][5]Bluetooth SIGhas assessed the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_IoT |
Alertnessis a state of activeattentioncharacterized by highsensoryawareness. Someone who is alert is vigilant and promptly meets danger or emergency, or is quick to perceive and act. Alertness is a psychological and physiological state.
Lack of alertness is a symptom of a number of conditions, includingnarcolepsy,atte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alertness |
Incryptography,Square(sometimes writtenSQUARE) is ablock cipherinvented byJoan DaemenandVincent Rijmen. The design, published in 1997, is a forerunner toRijndael, which has been adopted as theAdvanced Encryption Standard. Square was introduced together with a new form ofcryptanalysisdiscovered byLars Knudsen, called t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(cipher) |
TheErdős number(Hungarian:[ˈɛrdøːʃ]) describes the "collaborative distance" between mathematicianPaul Erdősand another person, as measured by authorship ofmathematical papers. The same principle has been applied in other fields where a particular individual has collaborated with a large and broad number of peers.
Paul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s_number |
TheFederal Information Processing Standard Publication 140-2, (FIPS PUB 140-2),[1][2]is aU.S.governmentcomputer securitystandardused to approvecryptographic modules. The title isSecurity Requirements for Cryptographic Modules. Initial publication was on May 25, 2001, and was last updated December 3, 2002.
Its successo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIPS_140-2 |
Wikibaseis a set of software tools for working withversionedsemi-structured datain a centralrepository. It is based uponJSONinstead of theunstructured dataofwikitextnormally used in MediaWiki. It stores and organizes information that can be collaboratively edited and read by humans and by computers, translated into mul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikibase |
Astory within a story, also referred to as anembedded narrative, is aliterary devicein which a character within astorybecomes the narrator of a second story (within the first one).[1]Multiple layers of stories within stories are sometimes callednested stories. A play may have a brief play within it, such as in Shakespe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story_within_a_story |
rsync(remote sync) is a utility fortransferringandsynchronizingfilesbetween a computer and a storage drive and acrossnetworkedcomputersby comparing themodification timesand sizes of files.[8]It is commonly found onUnix-likeoperating systemsand is under theGPL-3.0-or-laterlicense.[4][5][9][10][11][12]
rsync is written ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rsync |
Confidentialityinvolves a set of rules or a promise sometimes executed throughconfidentiality agreementsthat limits the access to or places restrictions on the distribution of certain types ofinformation.
By law, lawyers are often required to keep confidential anything on the representation of a client. The duty of co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidentiality |
There are many different types of software available to producecharts.
A number of notable examples (with their own Wikipedia articles) are given below and organized according to theprogramming languageor other context in which they are used. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_charting_software |
In various science/engineering applications, such asindependent component analysis,[1]image analysis,[2]genetic analysis,[3]speech recognition,[4]manifold learning,[5]and time delay estimation[6]it is useful to estimate thedifferential entropyof a system or process, given some observations.
The simplest and most commo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_estimation |
TheZero Page(or Base Page) is adata structureused inCP/Msystems for programs to communicate with the operating system. In 8-bit CP/M versions it is located in thefirst 256 bytes of memory, hence its name.
The equivalent structure inDOSis theProgram Segment Prefix(PSP), a 256-byte (page-sized) structure, which is by de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_page_(CP/M) |
Akeyincryptographyis a piece of information, usually a string of numbers or letters that are stored in a file, which, when processed through a cryptographicalgorithm, canencodeor decode cryptographic data. Based on the used method, the key can be different sizes and varieties, but in all cases, the strength of the encr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_(cryptography) |
Inmathematics,multipliers and centralizersare algebraic objects in the study ofBanach spaces. They are used, for example, in generalizations of theBanach–Stone theorem.
Let (X, ‖·‖) be a Banach space over a fieldK(either therealorcomplex numbers), and let Ext(X) be the set ofextreme pointsof theclosed unit ballof thec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipliers_and_centralizers_(Banach_spaces) |
Word-sense disambiguationis the process of identifying whichsenseof awordis meant in asentenceor other segment ofcontext. In humanlanguage processingandcognition, it is usually subconscious.
Given that natural language requires reflection of neurological reality, as shaped by the abilities provided by the brain'sneura... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_sense_disambiguation |
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