Datasets:

astronolan
/

lens-retrieval-ls-embeddings

aion_search_embedding list	aion_mean_embedding list	object_id string	ra float64	dec float64	hsc_a_i float32	hsc_r_sdssshape_psf_shape12 float32	hsc_r_sdssshape_psf_shape12.mask bool	hsc_a_y float32	hsc_i_sdssshape_psf_shape22 float32	hsc_y_sdssshape_psf_shape22 float32	hsc_z_sdssshape_shape11 float32	hsc_i_sdssshape_shape11 float32	hsc_y_sdssshape_shape22 float32	hsc_z_cmodel_mag float32	hsc_z_sdssshape_psf_shape12 float32	hsc_a_g float32	hsc_r_cmodel_magerr float32	hsc_z_sdssshape_shape22 float32	hsc_i_cmodel_magerr float32	hsc_y_sdssshape_shape12 float32	hsc_r_cmodel_mag float32	hsc_r_extendedness_value float32	hsc_r_extendedness_value.mask bool	hsc_y_sdssshape_psf_shape11 float32	hsc_i_sdssshape_shape22 float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_shape22 float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_shape22.mask bool	hsc_g_cmodel_mag float32	hsc_g_cmodel_mag.mask bool	hsc_r_sdssshape_psf_shape11 float32	hsc_r_sdssshape_psf_shape11.mask bool	hsc_r_sdssshape_shape11 float32	hsc_r_sdssshape_shape11.mask bool	hsc_i_extendedness_value float32	hsc_i_extendedness_value.mask bool	hsc_r_sdssshape_shape12 float32	hsc_r_sdssshape_shape12.mask bool	hsc_z_extendedness_value float32	hsc_z_extendedness_value.mask bool	hsc_g_sdssshape_psf_shape22 float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_psf_shape22.mask bool	hsc_y_extendedness_value float32	hsc_y_extendedness_value.mask bool	hsc_z_sdssshape_psf_shape11 float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_shape12 float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_shape12.mask bool	hsc_z_cmodel_magerr float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_psf_shape11 float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_psf_shape11.mask bool	hsc_r_sdssshape_shape22 float32	hsc_r_sdssshape_shape22.mask bool	hsc_i_sdssshape_psf_shape11 float32	hsc_y_cmodel_magerr float32	hsc_i_cmodel_mag float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_shape11 float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_shape11.mask bool	hsc_y_sdssshape_shape11 float32	hsc_i_sdssshape_shape12 float32	hsc_y_cmodel_mag float32	hsc_z_sdssshape_shape12 float32	hsc_z_sdssshape_psf_shape22 float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_psf_shape12 float32	hsc_g_sdssshape_psf_shape12.mask bool	hsc_i_sdssshape_psf_shape12 float32	hsc_a_r float32	hsc_r_sdssshape_psf_shape22 float32	hsc_r_sdssshape_psf_shape22.mask bool	hsc_g_cmodel_magerr float32	hsc_g_cmodel_magerr.mask bool	hsc_y_sdssshape_psf_shape12 float32	hsc_a_z float32	hsc_g_extendedness_value float32	hsc_g_extendedness_value.mask bool	legacysurvey_FLUX_G float32	legacysurvey_FLUX_W4 float32	legacysurvey_FLUX_W1 float32	legacysurvey_SHAPE_R float32	legacysurvey_FLUX_R float32	legacysurvey_SHAPE_E2 float32	legacysurvey_SHAPE_E1 float32	legacysurvey_FLUX_W2 float32	legacysurvey_FLUX_I float32	legacysurvey_EBV float32	legacysurvey_FLUX_Z float32	legacysurvey_FLUX_W3 float32	object_id_isnull bool	ra_isnull bool	dec_isnull bool	g_cmodel_mag float32	g_cmodel_mag.mask bool	g_cmodel_mag_isnull bool	g_cmodel_magerr float32	g_cmodel_magerr.mask bool	g_cmodel_magerr_isnull bool	r_cmodel_mag float32	r_cmodel_mag_isnull bool	r_cmodel_magerr float32	r_cmodel_magerr_isnull bool	i_cmodel_mag float32	i_cmodel_mag_isnull bool	i_cmodel_magerr float32	i_cmodel_magerr_isnull bool	z_cmodel_mag float32	z_cmodel_mag_isnull bool	z_cmodel_magerr float32	z_cmodel_magerr_isnull bool	y_cmodel_mag float32	y_cmodel_mag_isnull bool	y_cmodel_magerr float32	y_cmodel_magerr_isnull bool	a_g float32	a_g_isnull bool	a_r float32	a_r_isnull bool	a_i float32	a_i_isnull bool	a_z float32	a_z_isnull bool	a_y float32	a_y_isnull bool	photoz_median float32	photoz_median_isnull bool	stellar_mass float32	stellar_mass_isnull bool	sfr float32	sfr_isnull bool	kfold int64
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[0.04804791882634163,-0.018104922026395798,-0.006076637655496597,-0.03144678846001625,-0.02163521572(...TRUNCATED)	[0.7190014719963074,0.8338671922683716,0.37733423709869385,0.07692340761423111,0.6801435947418213,0.(...TRUNCATED)	42309220321746366	224.37752	0.564078	0.084028	-0.0032	false	0.055315	0.057994	0.09228	0.378852	0.266473	0.232537	20.601063	-0.001544	0.166718	0.009744	0.293447	0.004652	-0.08338	22.319939	1	false	0.085365	0.189419	0.25064	false	23.899935	false	0.113062	false	0.38663	false	1	false	-0.10426	false	1	false	0.093604	false	1	false	0.109476	-0.112092	false	0.006918	0.091925	false	0.307231	false	0.055638	0.010199	21.040569	0.36274	false	0.325616	-0.083186	20.373634	-0.105253	0.115701	0.001072	false	-0.002453	0.117114	0.12234	false	0.02397	false	0.001286	0.064989	1	false	0.336059	1,607.257813	20.730864	0.613134	1.358284	-0.265854	-0.077461	9.601022	3.187921	0.051456	5.168553	55.539185	false	false	false	23.899935	false	false	0.02397	false	false	22.319939	false	0.009744	false	21.040569	false	0.004652	false	20.601063	false	0.006918	false	20.373634	false	0.010199	false	0.166718	false	0.117114	false	0.084028	false	0.064989	false	0.055315	false	0.619483	false	62,200,999,936	false	0.38358	false	2

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Lens Retrieval Benchmark

AION-Search and AION embeddings for Legacy Survey images for the Lens Retrieval Benchmark. Including is_lens from a collection of public catalogs.

Also included are .npy files containing AION-Search embeddings for 'gravitational lens'.

The construction of this dataset was described in the AION-1 paper.

nDCG@10 scores were calculated using is_lens as the relevance label.

Model	Lenses
AION-1-B	0.012
AION-1-L	0.011
AION-1-XL	0.015
Parker et al. [2024]	0.006
Stein et al. [2021]	0.007
Oquab et al. [2023]	0.003
Random	0.000
AION-Search	0.173

Legacy DR10 r<20 Embeddings

AION-Search and AION embeddings for Legacy DR10 galaxies with r_mag < 20 mag

License & data source

The embeddings and packaging in this repository are released under the MIT License. The underlying catalog data are derived from the Legacy Survey DR10 and remain subject to the original Legacy Survey data-use policy and required acknowledgements.

Embeddings Citation

@misc{koblischke2025semantic,
      title={Semantic search for 100M+ galaxy images using AI-generated captions}, 
      author={Nolan Koblischke and Liam Parker and Francois Lanusse and Irina Espejo Morales and Jo Bovy and Shirley Ho},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2512.11982},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={astro-ph.IM},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.11982}, 
}

Legacy Dataset Citation

Data Release 10 (DR10) is the tenth public data release of the Legacy Surveys.

When using data from the Legacy Surveys in papers, please use the following acknowledgment:

The Legacy Surveys consist of three individual and complementary projects: the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS; Proposal ID #2014B-0404; PIs: David Schlegel and Arjun Dey), the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS; NOAO Prop. ID #2015A-0801; PIs: Zhou Xu and Xiaohui Fan), and the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey (MzLS; Prop. ID #2016A-0453; PI: Arjun Dey). DECaLS, BASS and MzLS together include data obtained, respectively, at the Blanco telescope, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s NOIRLab; the Bok telescope, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona; and the Mayall telescope, Kitt Peak National Observatory, NOIRLab. Pipeline processing and analyses of the data were supported by NOIRLab and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The Legacy Surveys project is honored to be permitted to conduct astronomical research on Iolkam Du’ag (Kitt Peak), a mountain with particular significance to the Tohono O’odham Nation.

NOIRLab is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. LBNL is managed by the Regents of the University of California under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy.

This project used data obtained with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was constructed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) collaboration. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF’s NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, the Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University.

BASS is a key project of the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the National Astronomical Observatories of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (the Strategic Priority Research Program “The Emergence of Cosmological Structures” Grant # XDB09000000), and the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance. The BASS is also supported by the External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant # 114A11KYSB20160057), and Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant # 12120101003, # 11433005).

The Legacy Survey team makes use of data products from the Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE), which is a project of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology. NEOWISE is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

The Legacy Surveys imaging of the DESI footprint is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123, by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract; and by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under Contract No. AST-0950945 to NOAO.

CITATION

@ARTICLE{2019AJ....157..168D,
       author = {{Dey}, Arjun and {Schlegel}, David J. and {Lang}, Dustin and {Blum}, Robert and {Burleigh}, Kaylan and {Fan}, Xiaohui and {Findlay}, Joseph R. and {Finkbeiner}, Doug and {Herrera}, David and {Juneau}, St{\'e}phanie and {Landriau}, Martin and {Levi}, Michael and {McGreer}, Ian and {Meisner}, Aaron and {Myers}, Adam D. and {Moustakas}, John and {Nugent}, Peter and {Patej}, Anna and {Schlafly}, Edward F. and {Walker}, Alistair R. and {Valdes}, Francisco and {Weaver}, Benjamin A. and {Y{\`e}che}, Christophe and {Zou}, Hu and {Zhou}, Xu and {Abareshi}, Behzad and {Abbott}, T.~M.~C. and {Abolfathi}, Bela and {Aguilera}, C. and {Alam}, Shadab and {Allen}, Lori and {Alvarez}, A. and {Annis}, James and {Ansarinejad}, Behzad and {Aubert}, Marie and {Beechert}, Jacqueline and {Bell}, Eric F. and {BenZvi}, Segev Y. and {Beutler}, Florian and {Bielby}, Richard M. and {Bolton}, Adam S. and {Brice{\~n}o}, C{\'e}sar and {Buckley-Geer}, Elizabeth J. and {Butler}, Karen and {Calamida}, Annalisa and {Carlberg}, Raymond G. and {Carter}, Paul and {Casas}, Ricard and {Castander}, Francisco J. and {Choi}, Yumi and {Comparat}, Johan and {Cukanovaite}, Elena and {Delubac}, Timoth{\'e}e and {DeVries}, Kaitlin and {Dey}, Sharmila and {Dhungana}, Govinda and {Dickinson}, Mark and {Ding}, Zhejie and {Donaldson}, John B. and {Duan}, Yutong and {Duckworth}, Christopher J. and {Eftekharzadeh}, Sarah and {Eisenstein}, Daniel J. and {Etourneau}, Thomas and {Fagrelius}, Parker A. and {Farihi}, Jay and {Fitzpatrick}, Mike and {Font-Ribera}, Andreu and {Fulmer}, Leah and {G{\"a}nsicke}, Boris T. and {Gaztanaga}, Enrique and {George}, Koshy and {Gerdes}, David W. and {Gontcho}, Satya Gontcho A. and {Gorgoni}, Claudio and {Green}, Gregory and {Guy}, Julien and {Harmer}, Diane and {Hernandez}, M. and {Honscheid}, Klaus and {Huang}, Lijuan Wendy and {James}, David J. and {Jannuzi}, Buell T. and {Jiang}, Linhua and {Joyce}, Richard and {Karcher}, Armin and {Karkar}, Sonia and {Kehoe}, Robert and {Kneib}, Jean-Paul and {Kueter-Young}, Andrea and {Lan}, Ting-Wen and {Lauer}, Tod R. and {Le Guillou}, Laurent and {Le Van Suu}, Auguste and {Lee}, Jae Hyeon and {Lesser}, Michael and {Perreault Levasseur}, Laurence and {Li}, Ting S. and {Mann}, Justin L. and {Marshall}, Robert and {Mart{\'\i}nez-V{\'a}zquez}, C.~E. and {Martini}, Paul and {du Mas des Bourboux}, H{\'e}lion and {McManus}, Sean and {Meier}, Tobias Gabriel and {M{\'e}nard}, Brice and {Metcalfe}, Nigel and {Mu{\~n}oz-Guti{\'e}rrez}, Andrea and {Najita}, Joan and {Napier}, Kevin and {Narayan}, Gautham and {Newman}, Jeffrey A. and {Nie}, Jundan and {Nord}, Brian and {Norman}, Dara J. and {Olsen}, Knut A.~G. and {Paat}, Anthony and {Palanque-Delabrouille}, Nathalie and {Peng}, Xiyan and {Poppett}, Claire L. and {Poremba}, Megan R. and {Prakash}, Abhishek and {Rabinowitz}, David and {Raichoor}, Anand and {Rezaie}, Mehdi and {Robertson}, A.~N. and {Roe}, Natalie A. and {Ross}, Ashley J. and {Ross}, Nicholas P. and {Rudnick}, Gregory and {Safonova}, Sasha and {Saha}, Abhijit and {S{\'a}nchez}, F. Javier and {Savary}, Elodie and {Schweiker}, Heidi and {Scott}, Adam and {Seo}, Hee-Jong and {Shan}, Huanyuan and {Silva}, David R. and {Slepian}, Zachary and {Soto}, Christian and {Sprayberry}, David and {Staten}, Ryan and {Stillman}, Coley M. and {Stupak}, Robert J. and {Summers}, David L. and {Sien Tie}, Suk and {Tirado}, H. and {Vargas-Maga{\~n}a}, Mariana and {Vivas}, A. Katherina and {Wechsler}, Risa H. and {Williams}, Doug and {Yang}, Jinyi and {Yang}, Qian and {Yapici}, Tolga and {Zaritsky}, Dennis and {Zenteno}, A. and {Zhang}, Kai and {Zhang}, Tianmeng and {Zhou}, Rongpu and {Zhou}, Zhimin},
        title = "{Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys}",
      journal = {\aj},
     keywords = {catalogs, surveys, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics},
         year = 2019,
        month = may,
       volume = {157},
       number = {5},
          eid = {168},
        pages = {168},
          doi = {10.3847/1538-3881/ab089d},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
       eprint = {1804.08657},
 primaryClass = {astro-ph.IM},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019AJ....157..168D},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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Collection including astronolan/lens-retrieval-ls-embeddings

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Collection

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Papers for astronolan/lens-retrieval-ls-embeddings