README.md

---
license: cc-by-4.0
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
  - split: test
    path: data/test-*
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: image
    dtype: image
  - name: ocr_text
    dtype: string
  - name: result
    dtype: int64
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 60582512.0
    num_examples: 10000
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 70989855.334
    num_examples: 11766
  download_size: 132297385
  dataset_size: 131572367.334
task_categories:
- question-answering
tags:
- captcha
- math
- mathcaptcha
- math-captcha
- mvccaptcha
---

<p align="center">
  <img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/65e3c559d26b426e3e1994f8/gI5XYkSxvcw3E9GAfDEZG.png" />
</p>

<div align="center">
  
  ![visitors](https://visitor-badge.laobi.icu/badge?page_id=atalaydenknalbant/MathCaptcha10k)

</div>



## Dataset Details
* **Dataset Name:** MathCaptcha10k
* **Curated by:** Atalay Denknalbant
* **License:** Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
* **Repository:** [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/atalaydenknalbant/mathcaptcha10k](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/atalaydenknalbant/mathcaptcha10k)

### Dataset Description

A corpus of 10 000 synthetic arithmetic‐captcha images rendered at 200×70 px. Each image contains exactly two base-10 numbers (1–2 digits), a single `+` or `–` operator, an `=` sign and a trailing question mark (e.g. `96-41=?`). Every example in the **train** split includes:

| image                      | ocr\_text | result |
| -------------------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `96-41=?`  | "96-41=?" | 55     |

…where `ocr_text` is the exact characters in the image, and `result` is the integer answer.

The **test** split consists of 11 766 unlabeled captchas in `Unlabeled/` folder.

---

## Examples of the Captchas

**Easy example**
![easy captcha](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/65e3c559d26b426e3e1994f8/HhN9wDAq1zDT6xvY51zHq.png)

**Challenging example**
![hard captcha](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/65e3c559d26b426e3e1994f8/zZpwcHMgLt5Y-60wpY5x7.png)

> Even state-of-the-art vision-language models often mis‐OCR the more distorted variants (see the “challenging” sample above).

---

## Uses

* **Direct uses**:

  * Train and evaluate OCR/vision-language models on simple arithmetic recognition.
  * Benchmark visual math-solving capabilities.

* **Out-of-scope uses**:

  * Handwritten digit OCR.
  * Complex mathematical notation beyond two-term arithmetic.

---

## Dataset Structure

* **Splits**

  * `train` (10 000 labeled examples)
  * `test` (11 766  `.png` files in `Unlabeled/`)

* **Features**

  * `image` (PNG file)
  * `ocr_text` (string, e.g. `"75-26=?"`)
  * `result` (int, e.g. `49`)

---

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

Synthetic captchas provide a controlled environment for training and benchmarking. Even top tier vision language methods struggle with some distortions motivating manual QA to ensure label accuracy.

### Source Data

Programmatically generated using [CaptchaMvc.Mvc5](https://www.nuget.org/packages/CaptchaMvc.Mvc5)’s standard arithmetic template.

### Data Collection & Processing

1. Generate 10 000 PNG captchas via CaptchaMvc.Mvc5.
2. Run a VLM-based OCR pipeline, then manually verify and correct every label in a Streamlit QA app.

**Annotator:**

* Atalay Denknalbant

---

## Personal & Sensitive Information

None. Captchas contain no personal data.

---

## Bias, Risks & Limitations

* Purely synthetic; may not generalize to natural or handwritten text.
* Limited to two-term, 1–2 digit arithmetic.

---

## Recommendations

Combine with broader OCR datasets for real-world text recognition tasks.

---

## Citation

```bibtex
@misc{atalay_denknalbant_2025,
  title        = {MathCaptcha10k},
  author       = {Atalay Denknalbant},
  year         = {2025},
  howpublished = {\url{https://www.kaggle.com/ds/7779792}},
  publisher    = {Kaggle},
  DOI          = {10.34740/KAGGLE/DS/7779792}
}
```

**APA**

> Denknalbant, A. (2025). *MathCaptcha10k* \[Data set]. Kaggle. [https://doi.org/10.34740/KAGGLE/DS/7779792](https://doi.org/10.34740/KAGGLE/DS/7779792)


## Dataset Card Authors

* Atalay Denknalbant

## Dataset Card Contact

* Atalay Denknalbant (questions & feedback)