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Usually the shipowner is organized through a company, but also people and investment funds can be ship owners.
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If owned by a ship company, the shipowner usually performs technical management of the vessel through the company, though this can also be outsourced or relayed onto the shipper through bareboat charter.
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Shipowners are usually members of a national Chamber of Shipping such as the UK Chamber of Shipping.
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The International Chamber of Shipping is the global organisation for shipowners and their respective national chambers, representing approximately 80% of the entire world shipping tonnage.
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A tribal chief or chieftain is the leader of a tribal society or chiefdom.
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The chairperson also chair, chairman or chairwoman is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly.
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In some organizations the chairperson is also known as president.
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A folk healer is an unlicensed person who practices the art of healing using traditional practices, herbal remedies and even the power of suggestion.
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A folk healer may be a highly trained person who pursues their specialties, learning by study, observation and imitation.
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In some cultures a folk healer might be considered to be a person who has inherited the gift of healing from his or her parent.
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Tour promoters also known as concert promoters or talent buyers are the individuals or companies responsible for organizing a live concert tour or special event performance.
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Tour promoters make an offer of employment to a particular artist usually through the agent or music manager of the artist.
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The tour promoter and the music manager negotiate the live performance contract.
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Grand Master is a title of the supreme head of various orders, including chivalric orders such as military orders and dynastic orders of knighthood.
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Tekiya or peddlers are itinerant Japanese merchants who, along with the bakuto or gamblers, historically were predecessors to the modern yakuza.
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The Tekiya who first appeared in the early 18th century along with the bakuto, would travel around the countryside, setting up portable stalls at markets and festivals.
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The Tekiya had a shady reputation, as their goods were typically of low quality and their sales practices were often deceptive and coercive.
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The Tekiya lived by strict codes, and their gangs used the oyabun - kobun system of bosses, underbosses and followers.
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Unlike the bakuto the Tekiya line of work was generally honest.
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An ironmaster is the manager, and usually owner, of a forge or blast furnace for the processing of iron.
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An ironmaster is a term mainly associated with the period of the Industrial Revolution, especially in Great Britain.
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The ironmaster was usually a large scale entrepreneur and thus an important member of a community.
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The ironmaster would have a large country house or mansion as his residence.
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There were ironmasters from the 17th century onwards, but they became more prominent with the great expansion in the British iron industry during the Industrial Revolution.
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Youth leaders are persons that are active in youth work field.
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Youth leaders, educator or youth counsellor are not the same as Child and Youth Worker named persons in Canada and United States of America which are therapeutics youth workers.
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Youth leaders are also Youth Workers or Youth Support Workers.
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When acting in youth communities the Youth leaders are called Community youth workers.
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The advocate as an officer of a court of law first appears in the 12th and 13th centuries, concomitant with the rediscovery of Roman law.
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The advocate was any person called to defend another person; such as a lawyer.
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Community leaders are most likely to use coercive power to discipline followers, often by secondary sources for a person widely perceived to represent a community.
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Community leaders are not necessarily elected to their positions, and usually have no legal powers.
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Community leaders are often used by the media and the police as a way of determining the general feeling within a particular community.
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Community leaders acting as a point of liaison between that community and authorities.
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A caporegime or capodecina usually shortened to just a capo is a rank used in the Mafia.
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caporegime indicates the head of a branch of an organized crime syndicate who commands a crew of soldiers and reports directly to the Don (Boss) or an Underboss or Streetboss.
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Stagehands are usually skilled in multiple disciplines, including rigging, carpentry, painting, stage electrics, stage lighting, audio, video, projection, and props.
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Stagehands are often responsible for operating the systems during shows or taping and also for the repair and maintenance of the equipment.
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Stagehands have a general knowledge of all the phases of a production, but tend to develop specialties and focus on specific areas.
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Riggers are in charge of the things that hang.
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Riggers use safety gear similar to that used for mountain climbing.
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Carpenters construct and set up scenery.
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Carpenters may also move scenery on stage during a show.
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Electricians also called Lighting technicians set up all the lights, program the light design in the lighting console and run the follow spot.
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Stagehands are generally employed on a show by show basis, although most major theaters and studios maintain staff heads of departments and assistants.
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Stagehands are often union members.
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An organ scholar is a young musician employed as a part time assistant organist at a cathedral, church or institution where regular choral services are held.
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Organ scholars may sometimes be found at a cathedral or a collegiate church.
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At some institutions the organ scholars work under the direction of a full time professional Director of Music.
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At other institutions, the organ scholar is in charge of running the choir.
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Many organ scholars have gone on to notable careers in music and in other fields.
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Two notable ex organ scholars who went on to achieve fame in other fields are Edward Heath, who read Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at Balliol College, Oxford and later served as British Prime Minister 1970 – 1974; and Dudley Moore, who read music at Magdalen College, Oxford and went on to a career in acting.
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A crossing guard, lollipop man, lollipop lady, crosswalk attendant or school road patrol is a traffic management volunteer who is normally stationed on busy roadways to aid pedestrians.
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Often associated with elementary school children, crossing guards stop the flow of traffic so pedestrians may cross an intersection.
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The title mnemonist, derived from the term mnemonic, refers to an individual with the ability to remember and recall unusually long lists of data, such as unfamiliar names, lists of numbers, entries in books, etc.
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Mnemonists may have superior innate ability to recall or remember, or may use techniques such as the method of loci.
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Scout Snipers must earn the rank of Lance Corporal be selected by their battalion to join the scout sniper platoon, and complete an approved scout sniper course in order to receive this designation.
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Tertön is a term within Tibetan Buddhism.
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Tertön is a person who is a discoverer of ancient hidden texts or terma.
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Many tertöns are considered to be incarnations of the twenty five main disciples of Padmasambhava.
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In patent law, an inventor is the person, or persons in United States patent law, who contribute to the claims of a patentable invention.
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In some patent law frameworks such as in the European Patent Convention (EPC) and its case law, no explicit, accurate definition of who exactly is an inventor is provided.
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An inventor is the one with intellectual domination over the inventive process, and not merely one who assists in its reduction to practice.
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Since inventorship relates to the claims in a patent application, knowing who an inventor is under the patent law is sometimes difficult.
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Joint inventors or co inventors exist when a patentable invention is the result of inventive work of more than one inventor.
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Joint inventors exist even where one inventor contributed a majority of the work.
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Absent a contract or license, the inventors are individuals who own the rights in an issued patent.
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Status as an inventor dramatically alters parties ability to capitalize on the invention.
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A security hacker is someone who explores methods for breaching defenses and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system or network.
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Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, information gathering, challenge, recreation, or to evaluate system weaknesses to assist in formulating defenses against potential hackers.
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The subculture that has evolved around hackers is often referred to as the computer underground.
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Longstanding controversy surrounds the meaning of the term hackers.
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Computer programmers reclaim the term hackers arguing that it refers simply to someone with an advanced understanding of computers and computer networks.
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A culture minister is a Cabinet position in governments.
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The culture minister is typically responsible for cultural policy, which often includes arts policy and measures to protect the national heritage of a country and cultural expression of a country or subnational region.
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The culture minister responsibility usually manifests in the accompanying ministry or department.
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The culture minister is responsible for an official registry of protected historic sites and other sites of cultural importance; maintaining national archives of cultural work, including public museums, galleries and libraries; creating a department or ministry of culture or arts; creating arts councils, which disburse...
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In some countries or subnational jurisdictions the minister of culture may also be responsible for sport, youth issues, or tourism.
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In a few cases minister of culture is also responsible for foreign affairs, education, science and technology policy or communications and media.
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In order to promote the cultural movement in Saudi Arabia the Minister of Culture announced the initiative of cultural residency where international artists can be given such a residency to live in Saudi Arabia.
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Mormon missionaries are volunteer representatives of the LDS Church who engage variously in proselytizing, church service, humanitarian aid, and community service.
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Mormon missionaries may serve on a full or part time basis, depending on the assignment, and are organized geographically into missions.
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The LDS Church is one of the most active modern practitioners of missionary work, reporting that it had more than 70000 full time missionaries worldwide at the end of 2016.
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Most full time LDS missionaries are single young men and women in their late teens and early twenties and older couples no longer with children in their home.
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Missionaries are often assigned to serve far from their homes, including in other countries.
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Many missionaries learn a new language at a missionary training center as part of their assignment.
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All Mormon missionaries serve voluntarily and do not receive a salary for their work; they typically finance missions themselves or with assistance from family or other church members.
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Throughout the LDS church history, over one million missionaries have been sent on missions.
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In the United States a patroon was a landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in the 17th century Dutch colony of New Netherland on the east coast of North America.
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These inducements to foster colonization and settlement are the basis for the patroon system.
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The title of patroon came with powerful rights and privileges.
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A patroon could create civil and criminal courts, appoint local officials and hold land in perpetuity.
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As tenants working for the patroon, these first settlers were relieved of the duty of public taxes for ten years, but were required to pay rent to the patroon.
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A mule or courier is someone who personally smuggles contraband across a border for a smuggling organization.
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The organizers employ mules to reduce the risk of getting caught themselves.
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In the case of transporting illegal drugs, the term drug mule applies.
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Other slang terms for mule include Kinder Surprise and Easter Egg.
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Small scale operations, in which one courier carries one piece or a very small quantity, are sometimes called the ant trade.
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A chess composer is a person who creates endgame studies or chess problems.
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Chess composers usually specialize in a particular genre, such as, endgame studies, threemovers, helpmates, selfmates or fairy problems.
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