context stringlengths 158 2.13k | question stringlengths 13 202 | answers.text list | answers.answer_start list | feat_id list | feat_title list | feat_metadata.split list | feat_metadata.model_in_the_loop list | start_logits list | end_logits list |
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The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England and its sacraments. Today, the clergy includes men and women who are ordained by bishops as elders an... | Which of the following is not a rank in the Methodist Church: priest, bishop or deacon? | [
"priest"
] | [
59
] | [
"46172a2c8b11dda5d5cb263f9cd5bc5232f1b801"
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"United_Methodist_Church"
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There are concentrations of pubs, bars and nightclubs around the Bigg Market and the Quayside area of the city centre. There are many bars on the Bigg Market, and other popular areas for nightlife are Collingwood Street, popularly referred to as the 'Diamond Strip' due to its concentration of high-end bars, Neville Str... | What type of facility is The Gate? | [
"indoor complex"
] | [
464
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"e58e60afbd082efdf8b1b2ce884fc71ed0c13b42"
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"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
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What we now call gravity was not identified as a universal force until the work of Isaac Newton. Before Newton, the tendency for objects to fall towards the Earth was not understood to be related to the motions of celestial objects. Galileo was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects by determ... | 9.81 meters per second squared refers to what constant? | [
"acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth"
] | [
445
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The chloroplast membranes sometimes protrude out into the cytoplasm, forming a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule. Stromules are very rare in chloroplasts, and are much more common in other plastids like chromoplasts and amyloplasts in petals and roots, respectively. They may exist to increase the chloroplast's surf... | How do stroma-containing tubules interact with the endoplasmic reticulum? | [
"branched and tangled with"
] | [
382
] | [
"ef759aa6fc7962c86334f5e8c362bfa4fb2dd6ec"
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Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title. The game ... | What was the outcome of the game between the Broncos and the Panthers? | [
"Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24–10"
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177
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Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics. New athletes gained attention, such as Pamela Jelimo, the women's 800m gold medalist who went ahead to win the IAAF Golden League jackpot, and Samuel Wanjiru who w... | Who keeps stealing the Kenyan athletes? | [
"Bahrain and Qatar"
] | [
724
] | [
"cf5d99c70de4d0102f6b01896994827c992354c0"
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Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice P... | Manning is the oldest winning what? | [
"quarterback"
] | [
124
] | [
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"Super_Bowl_50"
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Some dinophytes, like Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have a diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast. These chloroplasts are bounded by up to five membranes, (depending on whether you count the entire diatom endosymbiont as the chloroplast, or just the red algal derived chloroplast inside it). The diatom endosymbi... | What has a nucleus? | [
"diatom endosymbiont"
] | [
304
] | [
"1d1c4d9c2cfe4662d357b3498c9df3195007186b"
] | [
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The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England and its sacraments. Today, the clergy includes men and women who are ordained by bishops as elders an... | How do elders and deacons become in full connection? | [
"commissioning and then ultimately ordination"
] | [
799
] | [
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The United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of the holy catholic (or universal) church and it recognizes the historic ecumenical creeds, the Apostle's Creed and the Nicene Creed; which are used frequently in services of worship. The Book of Discipline also recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Cre... | For a church to be considered visible, Methodists believe that said church must preach the word of god and administer what? | [
"Sacraments"
] | [
689
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The city has an extensive neoclassical centre referred to as Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson, and recently extensively restored. Broadcaster and writer Stuart Maconie described Newcastle as England's best-looking city and the late German-born British scholar of arch... | Which award did Grey Street win first, England's finest street or 3rd in the British picturesque? | [
"England's finest street"
] | [
506
] | [
"939da51765f7920d4308409f49800298bf159c25"
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"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
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Tension forces can be modeled using ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable. They can be combined with ideal pulleys, which allow ideal strings to switch physical direction. Ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously in action-reaction pairs so that if two objects are co... | What happens to the work for an intricate machine? | [
"the work done on the load is the same"
] | [
1037
] | [
"21db0697c127fe2e77ccd01f29fbdeb1baeb0001"
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On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly in space, reinforcing American fears about being left behind in a technological competition with the Soviet Union. At a meeting of the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics one day after Gagarin's flight, many congressmen pledged t... | American fears about being left behind were addressed by whom? | [
"many congressmen"
] | [
294
] | [
"1ff36402106a6c954b545f6efcef584e40cdfcad"
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"Apollo_program"
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To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions, the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the forest is crucial. In 2006 Tatiana Kuplich organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories: (1) mature forest, (2) regenerating forest [less than three years], (3... | What category does a tree with four years of regrowth fit into? | [
"3"
] | [
319
] | [
"6ba5c539e2e022a73de238e784114a8cf9f21ab6"
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"Amazon_rainforest"
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The working fluid in a Rankine cycle can operate as a closed loop system, where the working fluid is recycled continuously, or may be an "open loop" system, where the exhaust steam is directly released to the atmosphere, and a separate source of water feeding the boiler is supplied. Normally water is the fluid of choic... | How available is water to use in the system? | [
"abundance"
] | [
400
] | [
"b5e19a0c5be66dbe2559a1d2ee165427aec32bda"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles. However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons (the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force. Here the strong force acts indirectly, transmitted as gluons, which form part of the virt... | What transmit the nuclear force? | [
"the virtual pi and rho mesons"
] | [
312
] | [
"14fd945f7bc6d69370c7b4787d1ff96cf15ac2d5"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences was based on it. | What else was based upon the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation? | [
"His railing against the sale of indulgences"
] | [
127
] | [
"5ae9262c0ca8f5cdbe8cfd06c557fd73c8756e66"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Several commemorative events take place every year. Gatherings of thousands of people on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer’s Night for a festival called Wianki (Polish for Wreaths) have become a tradition and a yearly event in the programme of cultural events in Warsaw. The festival traces its roots to a peaceful p... | How did Wianki start? | [
"pagan ritual where maidens would float their wreaths of herbs on the water to predict when they would be married, and to whom"
] | [
319
] | [
"8e27a229864334261e390c67a1982ec263f96f15"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The Daily Mail newspaper reported in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants' "Sky TV bills to establish if a woman in receipt of benefits as a single mother is wrongly claiming to be living alone" – as, it claimed, subscription to sports channels would betray a man's presence in the househ... | A substance that can be chewed or smoked that is considered to be hazardous to be used by an individual is called? | [
"tobacco"
] | [
443
] | [
"d7bc62f61005c1ab3d85f137e726399a05d355e1"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Warsaw, especially its city centre (Śródmieście), is home not only to many national institutions and government agencies, but also to many domestic and international companies. In 2006, 304,016 companies were registered in the city. Warsaw's ever-growing business community has been noticed globally, regionally, and nat... | What is the central business district of Poland's capital? | [
"Śródmieście"
] | [
36
] | [
"b65a09f100d8a91f50b72d9241a90511bf1487ff"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Diseases of poverty directly correlate with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution: Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level. Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity; weak pol... | What is a major obstacle can be found within the medical ranks of Kenyan citizens? | [
"weak management and poor leadership"
] | [
366
] | [
"2b206823f71ffbe9941c1e5ae56a65e5531b3791"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Luther devised the catechism as a method of imparting the basics of Christianity to the congregations. In 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis, the Small Catechism, to be memorised by the people themselves. The catechisms provided easy-to-understand instructional ... | What type of educational practice did Luther disdain. | [
"learned by rote"
] | [
556
] | [
"3f2d6c7b26a50ffceefa8c81022f5fa32d0cd195"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru, and, in many traditions of Hinduism - especially those common in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship is extremely high, with gurus often exercising a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples. | What another way of considering a guru? | [
"spiritual teacher"
] | [
16
] | [
"e70d5583a2d04f31036e0ea54e59a0b68c21ff20"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive and will show more interest in courses taught by these teachers. Teachers that spend more time interacting and working directly with students are perceived as supportive and effective teachers. Effective teachers have been sho... | How can teachers allow students to step up in the classroom? | [
"invite student participation and decision making"
] | [
326
] | [
"676cd74d68ea1c727291b4fe46fe1daa2e4123a5"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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... |
The chloroplast double membrane is also often compared to the mitochondrial double membrane. This is not a valid comparison—the inner mitochondria membrane is used to run proton pumps and carry out oxidative phosphorylation across to generate ATP energy. The only chloroplast structure that can considered analogous to i... | Where are thylakoids found in the cell? | [
"chloroplast"
] | [
264
] | [
"6846202b735a11a69b0003c8eb6bc4fb959b2897"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-1.8701171875,
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One of the main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis, the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy, to subsequently produce food in the form of sugars. Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen (O2) is made, using light energy. Photosyn... | What is instrumental to photosynthesis? | [
"chloroplast"
] | [
33
] | [
"e3d78433cb80c0147fb81e8ade67b77118e2ddac"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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There are many concepts of teachers in Islam, ranging from mullahs (the teachers at madrassas) to ulemas, who teach of the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living according to the Sunnah and Ahadith, and can render legal verdicts upon matters of Islamic law in accordance with the teaching of one of the Four ... | What happened to traditions? | [
"passed down from initiate to initiate"
] | [
709
] | [
"c218845596aac22d2b6e68379e5c32a0fd74b427"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades. The area includes many California Bungalow and American Craftsman style homes, Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture, Mediterranean Revival Style architecture, Mission Revival Style architecture, and ... | what area includes california bungalows? | [
"Tower District"
] | [
437
] | [
"a9be9462d1c089eb048474235052108b2f88a184"
] | [
"Fresno,_California"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.73828125,
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2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Un... | How do thoughts of ownership change when unemployment occurs? | [
"generates redistributive pressures"
] | [
412
] | [
"01c235c756cd5d16fec18527b41b3a2840bfc2ab"
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"Economic_inequality"
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Economist Joseph Stiglitz argues that rather than explaining concentrations of wealth and income, market forces should serve as a brake on such concentration, which may better be explained by the non-market force known as "rent-seeking". While the market will bid up compensation for rare and desired skills to reward we... | What is the concept of economic gain without any reciprocal contribution? | [
"rent-seeking"
] | [
223
] | [
"6627dee73fc4904569853c419c490b35b6681b60"
] | [
"Economic_inequality"
] | [
"validation"
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In January 1519, at Altenburg in Saxony, the papal nuncio Karl von Miltitz adopted a more conciliatory approach. Luther made certain concessions to the Saxon, who was a relative of the Elector, and promised to remain silent if his opponents did. The theologian Johann Eck, however, was determined to expose Luther's doct... | Who tried to get along? | [
"Luther"
] | [
113
] | [
"643313f9bb3aa1dcd964c96804fdf297b9a71a01"
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"Martin_Luther"
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St. George's United Methodist Church, located at the corner of 4th and New Streets, in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States, beginning in 1769. The congregation was founded in 1767, meeting initially in a sail loft on Dock Street, and in 1769 i... | Which church did not purchase the shell of a building in 1769, St. George's United Methodist Church or the Methodist Episcopal Church? | [
"the Methodist Episcopal Church"
] | [
500
] | [
"b0edb1fbc695f23e6cbe49a851d4915d29a28671"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
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The 2010 United States Census reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700.6/km²). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) White, 40,960 (8.3%) African American, 8,525 (1.7%) Native American, 62,528 (12.6%) Asian (3.6% Hmong, 1.7% Indian, 1.2... | What percent was from an unspecified race? | [
"22.6%"
] | [
471
] | [
"8b583f89c2f9b403125a93d14d234d6a8259164a"
] | [
"Fresno,_California"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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On May 3, 1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire that started as a kitchen fire. Spanish moss at a nearby mattress factory was quickly engulfed in flames and enabling the fire to spread rapidly. In just eight hours, it swept through 146 city blocks, destroyed over 2,000 buildings, left about 10,000 homeless ... | Who enforced the martial law? | [
"state militia to"
] | [
487
] | [
"b80b31f007ca52538077beabfb18e92c90a08014"
] | [
"Jacksonville,_Florida"
] | [
"validation"
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After a chloroplast polypeptide is synthesized on a ribosome in the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins phosphorylates, or adds a phosphate group to many (but not all) of them in their transit sequences. Phosphorylation helps many proteins bind the polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely. This ... | Which of the following does not host phosphate groups, enzymes or transit sequences? | [
"enzyme"
] | [
80
] | [
"cb971331e7f0efb2a10d54b9966826f5c5c939c8"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee has vowed to be "the most giving Super Bowl ever", and will dedicate 25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area. The committee created the 50 fund as its philanthropic initiative and focuses on providing grants to aid with youth development, community inv... | Where is the 50 fund getting its money? | [
"The Super Bowl"
] | [
0
] | [
"5df4679c18019567ec599885790862a5219bdc46"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
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The third assessment report (TAR) prominently featured a graph labeled "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" based on a 1999 paper by Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99), which has been referred to as the "hockey stick graph". This graph extended the similar graph in ... | Who published in the same year as Briffa? | [
"Crowley & Lowery"
] | [
1096
] | [
"48ec6770829b129e2239fabf0dcca479d63ca44d"
] | [
"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle. Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pa... | Of the two countries that produce soybeans, which country is clearing rain forest in order to increase production? | [
"Brazil"
] | [
338
] | [
"2036cc32529c26ee87dc04a80d2d46377958cf3b"
] | [
"Amazon_rainforest"
] | [
"validation"
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Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs. In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George L... | what craft was mentioned first? | [
"Apollo 8"
] | [
0
] | [
"c6a235eee02a4d6d6abf527c8af48c45253e20a9"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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Trevithick continued his own experiments using a trio of locomotives, concluding with the Catch Me Who Can in 1808. Only four years later, the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca by Matthew Murray was used by the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway. In 1825 George Stephenson built the Locomotion for... | The Rainhill Trials were won by The Rocket twenty one years after tests by whom? | [
"Trevithick"
] | [
0
] | [
"1e592698a46c59af945b69782f5c9bb55561a9e5"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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Luther next set about reversing or modifying the new church practices. By working alongside the authorities to restore public order, he signalled his reinvention as a conservative force within the Reformation. After banishing the Zwickau prophets, he now faced a battle against not only the established Church but also t... | Which of the following didn't Luther have to fight: the established Church, public order, and radical reformers? | [
"public order"
] | [
119
] | [
"6577a9a5b52d3ab3165e14bbe84395ac8b80af70"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm. Some remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies in those bands to characterize plant health status from a satellite platform. This approach exploits the f... | What difference is used tomeasure the health of the vegetation canopies? | [
"discriminate the vegetation's reflectance from its fluorescence"
] | [
362
] | [
"ee9b948392dd978372a4e766b4911b982628c2e9"
] | [
"Oxygen"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs. These "Maxwell Equations" fully describe... | What is Maxwell's middle name? | [
"Clerk"
] | [
94
] | [
"d101d47cb0fe07d8d91e280676099872401ce0b6"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company. Following BSkyB's 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90.04% interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014, its holding company British Sky Br... | What type of company was British Satellite? | [
"Broadcasting"
] | [
84
] | [
"9a12d1a07670a0936a413772f8052bd04caa4ba6"
] | [
"Sky_(United_Kingdom)"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The delay in the CSM caused by the fire enabled NASA to catch up on man-rating the LM and Saturn V. Apollo 4 (AS-501) was the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V, carrying a Block I CSM on November 9, 1967. The capability of the Command Module's heat shield to survive a trans-lunar reentry was demonstrated by using t... | Why did remaining engines have to compensate? | [
"Two S-II engines shut down prematurely"
] | [
879
] | [
"6d09897f46c6695f2b4e28b65fa89f0e76c5603e"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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During the English Civil War, the North declared for the King. In a bid to gain Newcastle and the Tyne, Cromwell's allies, the Scots, captured the town of Newburn. In 1644 the Scots then captured the reinforced fortification on the Lawe in South Shields following a siege. In 1644 the city was then besieged for many mon... | Which happened later, the Scots captured the reinforced fortification on the Lawe or Charles I was imprisoned in Newcastle? | [
"Charles I was imprisoned in Newcastle"
] | [
526
] | [
"11486d796d4587017d778f0385c8e0b84914516d"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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Larger drugs (>500 Da) can provoke a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides and proteins (which are typically larger than 6000 Da). In some cases, the drug itself is not immunogenic, but may... | What helps design therapeutic antibodies? | [
"predict the immunogenicity of peptides and proteins"
] | [
451
] | [
"02d876f8b40f6bb3e7852764eea19c46a7512d63"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed. Newton was limited by Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sac... | Who was the player who fumbled leading to a Broncos' score? | [
"Newton"
] | [
67
] | [
"98d05e2420795b4c8d4580f69694e5e66b04b661"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The third assessment report (TAR) prominently featured a graph labeled "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" based on a 1999 paper by Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99), which has been referred to as the "hockey stick graph". This graph extended the similar graph in ... | What is the "99" in "MBH99" in reference to? | [
"1999"
] | [
142
] | [
"e8dbed45b4997c4ddea276e977c25bef57d38c8c"
] | [
"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-1.5556640625,
-7.5078125,
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The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957. Despite British hopes of handing power to "moderate" local rivals, it was the Kenya African National Union (KANU) of Jomo Kenyatta that formed a government. The Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya each came to an end ... | Who had controlled Kenya prior to 1963? | [
"The United Kingdom"
] | [
391
] | [
"f2f93b5df00dc8bc9efafb6666a5695f56475308"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.134765625,
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According to PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans "have more wealth than half of all Americans combined." According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, the "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent". Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have becom... | To what financial proportion do the richest 400 Americans belong? | [
"the \"richest 1 percent"
] | [
160
] | [
"a5a86afda685ee9774b09d29352d05e1d8d13489"
] | [
"Economic_inequality"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference and is the only organization which may speak officially for the church. The General Conference meets every four years (quadrennium). Legislative changes are recorded in The Book of Discipline which is revised a... | They expire after eight years unless passed again by a subsequent session of General Conference? | [
"Non-legislative resolutions"
] | [
350
] | [
"6ed051963e6f2dd3317f2e5cb262a55fca5c451a"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress. Incorporated first by Henry II, the city had a new charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589. A 25-foot (7.6 m) high stone wall was built around the town in the 13th century, to defend it from invaders during the Border war against Scotland. The Scots ki... | Which of the following was a king: William Wallace, Elizabeth or Henry IV? | [
"Henry IV"
] | [
611
] | [
"3fea12720bda31698bc9872e3cdd5fe3686954d1"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Wiesner kept up the pressure, even making the disagreement public during a two-day September visit by the President to Marshall Space Flight Center. Wiesner blurted out "No, that's no good" in front of the press, during a presentation by von Braun. Webb jumped in and defended von Braun, until Kennedy ended the squabble... | Who did Wiesener make his disagreement public to? | [
"the press"
] | [
202
] | [
"8bc06c3bd09b09cecf0eaf2852d017dd11729d69"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Accounts of Genghis Khan's life are marked by claims of a series of betrayals and conspiracies. These include rifts with his early allies such as Jamukha (who also wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes) and Wang Khan (his and his father's ally), his son Jochi, and problems with the most important shaman, who was allege... | who was a quick student? | [
"Genghis Khan"
] | [
12
] | [
"ac1260eb293f5402dece7af14d97392815a768a2"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-3.556640625,
-4.1015625,
-8.6953125,
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Luther dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession. Luther described this period of his life as one of deep spiritual despair. He said, "I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my ... | Luther learned that in order to demonstrate sorrow and regret in ones life, what must not occur? | [
"penances and punishments"
] | [
526
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2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Un... | How would inequality be classed as a social issue according to Robert Schiller? | [
"the most important problem"
] | [
118
] | [
"b3597d6e4976f9219380137e2fe1ebd8f3c41571"
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The other major method of producing O2 gas involves passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves, which absorbs the nitrogen and delivers a gas stream that is 90% to 93% O2. Simultaneously, nitrogen gas is released from the other nitrogen-saturated zeolite bed, by r... | what is removed to concentrate the oxygen from the air | [
"nitrogen"
] | [
170
] | [
"49a683cf5ef964fba42792a5148af577cfddef2c"
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"Oxygen"
] | [
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In Hinduism the spiritual teacher is known as a guru, and, in many traditions of Hinduism - especially those common in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship is extremely high, with gurus often exercising a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples. | What do gurus really value? | [
"spiritual mentorship"
] | [
146
] | [
"7b91069de18e00fd130f8b2df2ccf9089b6ef233"
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"Teacher"
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Before the Apollo program began, Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket engineers had started work on plans for very large launch vehicles, the Saturn series, and the even larger Nova series. In the midst of these plans, von Braun was transferred from the Army to NASA, and made Director of the Marshall Space Flight C... | What was NASA's direct ascent plan | [
"to send the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module directly to the lunar surface"
] | [
358
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The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching, the more the student will get out of the subject matter. The three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm are enthusiasm about teaching, enthusiasm about the students, and enthusiasm about the subject matter. A teacher must enjoy teaching. If they do not en... | What do teachers have to show regarding teaching, students, and subject matter? | [
"enthusiasm"
] | [
173
] | [
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His translation of the Bible into the vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the writing of an Engl... | What was the effect of translation of the Bible into different languages? | [
"tremendous impact on the church and German culture"
] | [
105
] | [
"89f9dab96f1dfbb4516149db23288eb9f0674c4a"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
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The flagship stations of each station in the markets of each team will carry their local play-by-play calls. In Denver, KOA (850 AM) and KRFX (103.5 FM) will carry the game, with Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary. In North Carolina, WBT (1110 AM) will carry the game, with Mick Mixon on pla... | who owns WBT and KOA? | [
"clear-channel"
] | [
525
] | [
"2109b0c2fba20ce66bdeba32026378c56a7a9bbd"
] | [
"Super_Bowl_50"
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Sanctifying Grace is that grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection: a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors as ourselves. Sanctifying grace enables us to respond to God by leading a Spirit-filled and Christ-like life aim... | What group is to strive for perfection? | [
"Christians"
] | [
465
] | [
"25ceb14d46b692bdd3445ebca01fbef24bf2757c"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
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It's not clear, however that this stereotypical view reflects the reality of East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries. In Japan, for example, although average attainment on standardized tests may exceed those in Western countries, classroom... | What struggles do Japanese teachers face in the calssroom? | [
"classroom discipline and behavior"
] | [
311
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A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties, instead of maize, in particularly dry areas. Pigeon peas are very drought resistant, so can be grown in areas with less than 650 mm annual rainfall. S... | Which climate occurence makes it difficult to grow maize and similar crops? | [
"drought"
] | [
236
] | [
"7bdeafd76c4e82053b75fb70032b43c974228d2d"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
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Many counties offer alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taugh... | What criteria do you need to teach in different districts | [
"alternative licensing programs"
] | [
20
] | [
"fe302e37007ff4cbfcbc9fea85d2cd3a290f3fdd"
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One theory suggests the name stems from a palatalised version of the Mongolian and Turkic word tenggis, meaning "ocean", "oceanic" or "wide-spreading". (Lake Baikal and ocean were called tenggis by the Mongols. However, it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis tenggis they could have said, and written, "Tenggis ... | Why is Genghis spelled with a G and not a J? | [
"medieval romanization"
] | [
490
] | [
"0170e72d31ead92259d8563831fc4fe30db99d2f"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
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The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa. The Prince of Płock, Bolesław II of ... | Which settlement was first between Brodno and Jazdow? | [
"Bródno"
] | [
78
] | [
"f012ae84156a1912f00a9df1db90b0be888a77f9"
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"Warsaw"
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Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, which is called homeschooling, or in the wider community. Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals. Such professionals enjoy a status in some societies on a par with physicians, lawyers, engineers, and accountants (Chartered or CPA). | What are doctors considered? | [
"professionals"
] | [
180
] | [
"3a898b839d8c5023d6eb19802980a0131ed4363c"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to recognize the tumor cell as abnormal. NK cells ... | What allows the killer T cells to classify a tumor as irregular? | [
"antigens"
] | [
159
] | [
"0a7a1abcea9d95597553e3aa666af3a9381d3b19"
] | [
"Immune_system"
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"validation"
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"Combined"
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In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam, which he called "Mohammedanism" or "the Turk". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil, he was indifferent to its practice: "Let the Turk believe and live as he will, just as one lets the... | who did Luther believe was using the Qur'an in a bad way? | [
"the devil"
] | [
210
] | [
"ea031223504e9c7014fc940e3f776e5a50d8ada2"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Nearby, in Ogród Saski (the Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939, and in the inter-war period, the theatre complex also included Momus, Warsaw's first literary cabaret, and Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram. The Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre (1922–26), was the best example of "Poli... | what is the first place mentioned? | [
"Ogród Saski (the Saxon Garden)"
] | [
11
] | [
"b97393e201b2ab201469809d34072e6605c6b425"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Following guidelines set in the National Cycling strategy, Newcastle first developed its cycling strategy in 1998. As of 2012, the local council social aims and objectives for cycling include: highlighting the usage of cycling to cut city congestion; educating that cycling promotes healthy living… The authority also ha... | What would help people who don't know what to do with their bikes when at their destination? | [
"Increase the number of cycle parking facilities"
] | [
661
] | [
"1e97667657e290028f7cfdcf7562ab3e5911486f"
] | [
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
] | [
"validation"
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"Combined"
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Today, Warsaw has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe. The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI), the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland, as well as an active research and education center. While the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology it is ... | what is the first city mentioned? | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
7
] | [
"074c02d4777cbe32b95530a498885465f65bc5fe"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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As previously arranged by his father, Temüjin married Börte of the Onggirat tribe when he was around 16 in order to cement alliances between their respective tribes. Soon after Börte's marriage to Temüjin, she was kidnapped by the Merkits and reportedly given away as a wife. Temüjin rescued her with the help of his fri... | What tribe did Borte join unwillingly? | [
"Merkits"
] | [
231
] | [
"6b3d0e01479fc6855377af45c4cfa650d584b4a7"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-1.6005859375,
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The way a teacher promotes the course they are teaching, the more the student will get out of the subject matter. The three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm are enthusiasm about teaching, enthusiasm about the students, and enthusiasm about the subject matter. A teacher must enjoy teaching. If they do not en... | What is the noun that describes physical substances, which also occupies space and has mass? | [
"matter"
] | [
599
] | [
"800c981434650f5b65eefee94af4134a407244ba"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Genghis Khan is regarded as one of the prominent leaders in Mongolia's history. He is responsible for the emergence of the Mongols as a political and ethnic identity because there was no unified identity between the tribes that had cultural similarity. He reinforced many Mongol traditions and provided stability and uni... | Of the men mentioned, who was younger? | [
"President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj"
] | [
709
] | [
"3aea75b0f5f6f207a9c620c0985ad2cd97239be0"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England and its sacraments. Today, the clergy includes men and women who are ordained by bishops as elders an... | Who ranks lower, elders or bishops? | [
"elders"
] | [
311
] | [
"c8d5600e3d440da0a4367789746440dd31ea8b7b"
] | [
"United_Methodist_Church"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Plastoglobuli were once thought to be free-floating in the stroma, but it is now thought that they are permanently attached either to a thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid, a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network. In normal green chloro... | What would a singlular plastoglobuli attached to their parent thylakoid be called? | [
"plastoglobulus"
] | [
160
] | [
"3dee719c5026307ecf55597bd37b39ef59e7a8fe"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-8.640625,
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According to the Secret History, Temüjin again offered his friendship to Jamukha, asking him to return to his side. Temüjin had killed the men who betrayed Jamukha, stating that he did not want disloyal men in his army. Jamukha refused the offer of friendship and reunion, saying that there can only be one sun in the sk... | Who did Jamukha refuse to be friends with again? | [
"Temüjin"
] | [
33
] | [
"3f4732dbedf28bdb8aab9412ccd18836830432bd"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In land plants, chloroplasts are generally lens-shaped, 5–8 μm in diameter and 1–3 μm thick. Greater diversity in chloroplast shapes exists among the algae, which often contain a single chloroplast that can be shaped like a net (e.g., Oedogonium), a cup (e.g., Chlamydomonas), a ribbon-like spiral around the edges of th... | What species has chloroplasts near the edge of cells? | [
"Sirogonium"
] | [
397
] | [
"816a0130969af469bced69767f58bf398478a708"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-4.19140625,
-6.34375,
-6.21875,
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Without Luther's backing for the uprising, many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed. Their defeat by the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525, followed by Müntzer's execution, brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close. Thereafter, radicalism found a refuge in... | Who didn't support the uprising? | [
"Luther"
] | [
8
] | [
"fa565f21b26ca078ba2bb010beb0705109e2b32c"
] | [
"Martin_Luther"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
-1.9775390625,
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Warsaw's name in the Polish language is Warszawa, approximately /vɑːrˈʃɑːvə/ (also formerly spelled Warszewa and Warszowa), meaning "belonging to Warsz", Warsz being a shortened form of the masculine name of Slavic origin Warcisław; see also etymology of Wrocław. Folk etymology attributes the city name to a fisherman, ... | Who is Warsz? | [
"nobleman"
] | [
487
] | [
"d8347657c2f472894b29e7ee7f9aef4e878ac603"
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"Warsaw"
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If angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation, proplastids may develop into an etioplast stage before becoming chloroplasts. An etioplast is a plastid that lacks chlorophyll, and has inner membrane invaginations that form a lattice of tubes in their stroma, called a prolamellar bo... | What is needed to turn an etioplast into a chloroplast? | [
"chlorophyll"
] | [
201
] | [
"70606d9274623bf124d0a79811a07672b389384d"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
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The first four Saturn I test flights were launched from LC-34, with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages filled with water. The first flight with a live S-IV was launched from LC-37. This was followed by five launches of boilerplate CSMs (designated AS-101 through AS-105) into orbit in 1964 and 1965. The... | what made sure the space past the moon was not dangerous | [
"Pegasus satellites"
] | [
395
] | [
"be364a62bfd99998718b6ecab9a721d2ef5bfdc6"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
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2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Un... | What is one way that rising inequality can be mitigated? | [
"controlling unemployment"
] | [
640
] | [
"b7684a904a5f3760549b2d1678bb0b283ddc5ea2"
] | [
"Economic_inequality"
] | [
"validation"
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"Combined"
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In 2014, economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency concluded that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles. To partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting s... | Who would need to do something to add $105 billion to economy? | [
"average United States worker"
] | [
405
] | [
"1e4b98af945ef9e0bca733fe7d029a9cc73761b8"
] | [
"Economic_inequality"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The armed forces are regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions around the world. Further, in the aftermath of the national elections of December 2007 and the violence that subsequently engulfed the country, a commission of inquiry, the Waki Commission, commended its readiness and adjudged it to "have performed its du... | What contravention took place in Mt Elgon? | [
"serious allegations of human rights violations"
] | [
360
] | [
"929467b236fafb40431fa2af11d20b7e3da98e8a"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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Several commemorative events take place every year. Gatherings of thousands of people on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer’s Night for a festival called Wianki (Polish for Wreaths) have become a tradition and a yearly event in the programme of cultural events in Warsaw. The festival traces its roots to a peaceful p... | Who sets up Wianki? | [
"city council"
] | [
537
] | [
"45569b5c5c4ad4378678f5bd22a85f7e08a4dd50"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-0.059265... |
Chloroplasts are one of many types of organelles in the plant cell. They are considered to have originated from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis—when a eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthesizing cyanobacterium that became a permanent resident in the cell. Mitochondria are thought to have come from a similar event,... | What else has an origin that is similar to the origin of chloroplasts? | [
"Mitochondria"
] | [
261
] | [
"cc942999f77ea3cca3f66020ed5e5b236cd6613c"
] | [
"Chloroplast"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), the teacher is an office in the Aaronic priesthood, generally conferred on young boys or recent converts, and has little in common with the "spiritual teacher" archetype. The role of "spiritual teacher" may be filled by many individuals in the LDS Church,... | If I had a spiritual need that could not be met by my spiritual teacher, who might I go to next? | [
"Patriarch"
] | [
1052
] | [
"6ab5ed600c3a7f507720179c2d28a3f3692e4e88"
] | [
"Teacher"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port. Its riverine location facilitates two United States Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida's third largest seaport. The two US Navy bases, Blount Island Command and the nearby Naval Submarine ... | what is the first time period mentioned? | [
"late 19th century"
] | [
30
] | [
"b64d1090467d35bffca2568523fb1116c933fdbb"
] | [
"Jacksonville,_Florida"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes (amino acids and/or sugars) on the surface of the pathogen, while keeping essential epitopes concealed. This is called antigenic variation. An example is HIV, which mutates rap... | What is not currently possible to be immunized against? | [
"HIV"
] | [
298
] | [
"57ba7774fa6fbef22fb145a9f7f6c1e593392c40"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
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In Mongolia today, Genghis Khan's name and likeness are endorsed on products, streets, buildings, and other places. His face can be found on everyday commodities, from liquor bottles to candy products, and on the largest denominations of 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 Mongolian tögrög (₮). Mongolia's main intern... | What is the second highest value togrog note featuring Genghis Khan? | [
"10,000"
] | [
257
] | [
"207e7aef295ee3e410ac98e0d87ca443a83649a6"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The armed forces are regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions around the world. Further, in the aftermath of the national elections of December 2007 and the violence that subsequently engulfed the country, a commission of inquiry, the Waki Commission, commended its readiness and adjudged it to "have performed its du... | Where do the armed forces hopeful to keep peace? | [
"the world"
] | [
72
] | [
"2242619f8c59d9fe1958fc9d0085b28c16cd5f81"
] | [
"Kenya"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 50 academic majors and 28 minors. The college's academics are divided into five divisions: the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, the Physical Sciences Collegiate Division, the Social Sciences Collegiate Division, ... | Which Collegiate Division starts with a word that has a second letter of o? | [
"Social Sciences"
] | [
283
] | [
"0a0e85a7009a68159d78297123746d81e3046a4a"
] | [
"University_of_Chicago"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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In 1939, c. 1,300,000 people lived in Warsaw, but in 1945 – only 420,000. During the first years after the war, the population growth was c. 6%, so shortly the city started to suffer from the lack of flats and of areas for new houses. The first remedial measure was the Warsaw area enlargement (1951) – but the city auth... | Was the population of Warsaw lower in 1939 or 1945? | [
"1945"
] | [
53
] | [
"7ad5556fac1d1c76fb5494d795ace7bea669ca44"
] | [
"Warsaw"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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The problems with North American were severe enough in late 1965 to cause Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips to head a "tiger team" to investigate North American's problems and identify corrections. Phillips documented his findings in a December 19 letter to NAA... | Who presented issues to Robert Seamans? | [
"Phillips"
] | [
257
] | [
"8a6361dfb2253a7c14da5ae3a3302bee402db9bd"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
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It also became clear that Apollo would outgrow the Canaveral launch facilities in Florida. The two newest launch complexes were already being built for the Saturn I and IB rockets at the northernmost end: LC-34 and LC-37. But an even bigger facility would be needed for the mammoth rocket required for the manned lunar m... | What began late in the 63rd year of the previous century? | [
"Construction began"
] | [
663
] | [
"2a44a0ca59b0d45abbb454b4f4b075bd29789b9c"
] | [
"Apollo_program"
] | [
"validation"
] | [
"Combined"
] | [
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-8.... |
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