context stringlengths 169 4.06k | question stringlengths 12 197 | answers.text list | answers.answer_start list | feat_id list | feat_title list | start_logits list | end_logits list |
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Many faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event. Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone. The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence ... | Which fault can produce a magnitude earthquake of 8.0? | [
"the San Andreas Fault",
"San Andreas Fault",
"San Andreas"
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Politically, the system of government created by Kublai Khan was the product of a compromise between Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system. Nevertheless, socially the educated Chinese elite were in general not given the degree of esteem that they had been accorded pr... | Who were the Semuren? | [
"various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire",
"various allied groups",
"allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire"
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466,
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Wealth concentration is a theoretical[according to whom?] process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities. According to this theory, those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to o... | Who wrote the book "Capital in the Twenty-First Century"? | [
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"Thomas Piketty",
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The descendants of Rollo's Vikings and their Frankish wives would replace the Norse religion and Old Norse language with Catholicism (Christianity) and the Gallo-Romance language of the local people, blending their maternal Frankish heritage with Old Norse traditions and customs to synthesize a unique "Norman" culture ... | What did maternal Old Norse traditions merge with? | [
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Although lacking historical connections to the Middle East, Japan was the country most dependent on Arab oil. 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970. On November 7, 1973, the Saudi and Kuwaiti governments declared Japan a "nonfriendly" country to encourage it to change its noninvolvement policy. It r... | Which country is most involved in nonviolent policy? | [
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] | [
-1
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The election produced a majority SNP government, making this the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority. The SNP took 16 seats from Labour, with many of their key figures not returned to parliament, although Labour leader Iain Gray retained East Lothian by 151 votes. ... | The SNP gave how many seats to Labour? | [
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Throughout its existence, Warsaw has been a multi-cultural city. According to the 1901 census, out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics, 35.7% Jews, 5% Greek orthodox Christians and 2.8% Protestants. Eight years later, in 1909, there were 281,754 Jews (36.9%), 18,189 Protestants (2.4%) and 2,818 Mariavites (0.4%... | What percentage of Warsaw's population was Protestant in 1901? | [
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The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources. According to IPCC guidelines, authors should give priority to peer-reviewed sources. Authors may refer to non-peer-reviewed source... | What is an example of a peer-reviewed resource? | [
""
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-1
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Much of the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits. In addition, residents in unincorporated suburbs had difficulty obtaining municipal services, such as sewage and building code enforcement. In 1958, a study recommended that the ci... | What was the cause for the issues with city funding? | [
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0,
19
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Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | Where does the Rhine make a distinctive turn to the north? | [
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143
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A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2 (twin prime conjecture). Polignac's conjecture is a strengthening of that conjecture, it states that for every positive integer n, there are infinit... | Of what form is the infinite amount of positives that comprise the special cases of Schinzel's hypothesis? | [
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In 2001, 16 national science academies issued a joint statement on climate change. The joint statement was made by the Australian Academy of Science, the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society of Canada, the Caribbean Academy of Sciences, the Chin... | How sure did the statement say scientists were that temperatures would keep rising? | [
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In response to American aid to Israel, on October 16, 1973, OPEC raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel. The following day, oil ministers agreed to the embargo, a cut in production by five percent from September's output and to continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments until their ... | What did Geroge Lenczowski do to the price of oil on October 16, 1973? | [
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Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816, is home to over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999. It is surrounded by green. The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 Jun... | How much area does the University Library garden cover? | [
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While the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries (which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties) gave a Sinicized image in the Yuan administration, the actual functions of these ministries also reflected how Mongolian priorities and policies reshaped and redirected those i... | Who had no real military power during the Yuan? | [
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The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries. These societies also served as a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germ... | Friedrich Ratzel thought imperialism was what for the country? | [
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The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity. In simple terms, physical barriers prevent pathogens such as bacteria and viruses from entering the organism. If a pathogen breaches these barriers, the innate immune system provides an immediate, but non-specific respo... | What is gotten rid of after a pathogen has been eliminated? | [
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Philosophers in antiquity used the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines, but thinkers such as Aristotle and Archimedes retained fundamental errors in understanding force. In part this was due to an incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction, and... | What was the belief that maintaining motion required force? | [
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One computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100. However, simulations of Amazon... | What are the main threats facing the Amazon rainforest in the current century? | [
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Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars. He was one of the first mathematicians in China to work on spherical trigonometry. Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations. His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons, was disseminated in 12... | What was the Chinese name of Gou's math? | [
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The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at... | What is the major tributary of the Rhine? | [
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The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is the result of the oxygen cycle. This biogeochemical cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, ... | In how many places is oxygen stored in its cycle? | [
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A third type of conjectures concerns aspects of the distribution of primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes with difference 2 (twin prime conjecture). Polignac's conjecture is a strengthening of that conjecture, it states that for every positive integer n, there are infinit... | What is a twin positive? | [
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Ctenophora (/tᵻˈnɒfərə/; singular ctenophore, /ˈtɛnəfɔːr/ or /ˈtiːnəfɔːr/; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide. Their most distinctive feature is the ‘combs’ – groups of cilia which they use for swimming – ... | How many types of cnidarians have been discovered worldwide? | [
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] | [
-1
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To help reduce consumption, in 1974 a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph (about 88 km/h) was imposed through the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act. Development of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve began in 1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Ac... | On Novermber 28, 1995 what did the Department of Energy end? | [
""
] | [
-1
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BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company. There are tight controls over use of VideoGuard decoders; they are not available as stand-alone DVB CAMs (conditional-access modules). BSkyB has design authority over all digital satellite receivers capable of receiving their ... | What company was never involved with NDS? | [
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-1
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Another important role of the immune system is to identify and eliminate tumors. This is called immune surveillance. The transformed cells of tumors express antigens that are not found on normal cells. To the immune system, these antigens appear foreign, and their presence causes immune cells to attack the transformed ... | What is the virus in humans that causes cervical cancer? | [
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The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that "it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the... | What was the Justinian plague epidemic called? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246f"
] | [
"Black_Death"
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The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism. In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the ... | Conservative Islam classifies Muslims who follow Shia interpretation as what? | [
"infidels",
"infidels",
"infidels"
] | [
401,
401,
401
] | [
"572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca",
"572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca",
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"Islamism",
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Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks, first presented to the Air Force in the summer of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in re... | How was forward switching achieved? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5a5508f5134fea001a0e182c"
] | [
"Packet_switching"
] | [
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Under the Scotland Act 1998, ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament are held on the first Thursday in May every four years (1999, 2003, 2007 and so on). The date of the poll may be varied by up to one month either way by the Monarch on the proposal of the Presiding Officer. If the Parliament itself reso... | Under the Scotland Act 1988, ordinary general elections are held when? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad0415577cf76001a686f04"
] | [
"Scottish_Parliament"
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The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized, in particular the agglomerations Cologne, Düsseldorf and Ruhr area. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the most important cities in this region is... | How wide is the Rhine in Germany between Emmrich and Cleves? | [
"400 m",
"400 m",
"400 m"
] | [
711,
711,
711
] | [
"572f7588947a6a140053c988",
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None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states sho... | What other entity was established at the same time as the European Convention on Human Rights? | [
"European Court of Human Rights",
"the European Court of Human Rights",
"European Court of Human Rights."
] | [
470,
466,
470
] | [
"5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1",
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The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains. An example of such a domain is the Gaussian integers Z[i], that is, the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers. Its prime elements are known as Gaussian prime... | What form do complex rational primes have? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5a89464f3b2508001a72a590"
] | [
"Prime_number"
] | [
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During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China’s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marsha... | When was the last Sino-Japanese War? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad0388377cf76001a686e40"
] | [
"Imperialism"
] | [
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It was only the orbit of the planet Mercury that Newton's Law of Gravitation seemed not to fully explain. Some astrophysicists predicted the existence of another planet (Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet could be found. When Albert Einstein formulated ... | Who predicted the existence of many other planets? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad27fb9d7d075001a429783"
] | [
"Force"
] | [
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Ctenophora (/tᵻˈnɒfərə/; singular ctenophore, /ˈtɛnəfɔːr/ or /ˈtiːnəfɔːr/; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide. Their most distinctive feature is the ‘combs’ – groups of cilia which they use for swimming – ... | What are ctenophora commonly known as? | [
"comb jellies",
"comb jellies",
"comb jellies"
] | [
151,
151,
151
] | [
"57263eaa38643c19005ad371",
"57263eaa38643c19005ad371",
"57263eaa38643c19005ad371"
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"Ctenophora",
"Ctenophora",
"Ctenophora"
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Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.), and less complex than bilaterians (which include almost all other animals). Unlike sponges, both ctenophores and cnidarians have: cells bound by inter-cell connections and carpet-like bas... | Which two groups have cells bound by inter-cell connections and membranes, muscles, a nervous system and sensory organs? | [
"ctenophores and cnidarians",
"ctenophores and cnidarians",
"ctenophores and cnidarians"
] | [
230,
230,
230
] | [
"572646655951b619008f6ec2",
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"Ctenophora",
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Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) possess an alternative T cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (αβ) T cells and share the characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. The conditions that produce responses from γδ T cells are not fully understood. Like other 'unconventional' T cell subse... | What is fully understood about γδ T cells? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a234"
] | [
"Immune_system"
] | [
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During the American Civil War, Jacksonville was a key supply point for hogs and cattle being shipped from Florida to aid the Confederate cause. The city was blockaded by Union forces, who gained control of the nearby Fort Clinch. Though no battles were fought in Jacksonville proper, the city changed hands several times... | In what year was the battle that resulted from a Confederate cavalry unit attacking a Union expedition? | [
"Battle of Cedar Creek",
"1864",
"Battle of Cedar Creek"
] | [
805,
731,
805
] | [
"5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a",
"5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a",
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"Jacksonville,_Florida",
"Jacksonville,_Florida",
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The War of the Austrian Succession (whose North American theater is known as King George's War) formally ended in 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. The treaty was primarily focused on resolving issues in Europe. The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in No... | What issues were not addressed in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle? | [
"The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies",
"conflicting territorial claims",
"conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America",
"conflicting territorial claims between British and French",
"conflicting territorial claims between Br... | [
234,
248,
248,
248,
248
] | [
"5733e771d058e614000b6547",
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"5733e771d058e614000b6547",
"5733e771d058e614000b6547",
"5733e771d058e614000b6547"
] | [
"French_and_Indian_War",
"French_and_Indian_War",
"French_and_Indian_War",
"French_and_Indian_War",
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NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 d... | How much windblown dust leaves the Sahara each year? | [
"182 million tons",
"182 million tons",
"182 million tons"
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119,
119,
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"5729ea263f37b319004785bf",
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Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that "although civil disobedients are constrained in their... | Boycotting, refusing to pay taxes, sit ins, and draft dodging all make what harder? | [
"system to function",
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The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation proje... | Where does the Rhine end? | [
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In the north eastern part of Fresno, Woodward Park was founded by the late Ralph Woodward, a long-time Fresno resident. He bequeathed a major portion of his estate in 1968 to provide a regional park and bird sanctuary in Northeast Fresno. The park lies on the South bank of the San Joaquin River between Highway 41 and F... | How many miles, once completed, will the the Lewis S. Eaton trail cover? | [
"22 miles",
"22",
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1114,
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1114
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As of 2010[update], there were 366,273 households out of which 11.8% were vacant. 23.9% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals an... | What percentage of married couples had children living with them? | [
""
] | [
-1
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"5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146dc"
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"Jacksonville,_Florida"
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Both before and after the 1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act, an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England, with many moving on to Ireland and elsewhere. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. And... | What Catholic Church liturgical belief did Lortie criticize openly? | [
"the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation",
"the doctrine of transubstantiation",
"doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass"
] | [
482,
495,
499
] | [
"5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64",
"5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64",
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"Huguenot",
"Huguenot",
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Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes. In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication service... | Packet Switching contrast with what other principal | [
"circuit switching",
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] | [
71,
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For a long time, number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers in particular, was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics, with no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth to distribute wear evenly. In particular, number ... | What type of number generators make use of prime numbers? | [
"pseudorandom",
"pseudorandom number generators",
"pseudorandom",
"pseudorandom"
] | [
680,
680,
680,
680
] | [
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Instability troubled the early years of Kublai Khan's reign. Ogedei's grandson Kaidu refused to submit to Kublai and threatened the western frontier of Kublai's domain. The hostile but weakened Song dynasty remained an obstacle in the south. Kublai secured the northeast border in 1259 by installing the hostage prince W... | Who was Kaidu's uncle? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5d"
] | [
"Yuan_dynasty"
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In Europe, the North American theater of the Seven Years' War usually is not given a separate name. The entire international conflict is known as the Seven Years' War. "Seven Years" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not co... | How long did the fighting last in Seven Years War? | [
"six years",
"six years",
"six years",
"six years",
"six years"
] | [
450,
450,
450,
450,
450
] | [
"5733d4c8d058e614000b6354",
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"5733d4c8d058e614000b6354",
"5733d4c8d058e614000b6354",
"5733d4c8d058e614000b6354"
] | [
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"French_and_Indian_War",
"French_and_Indian_War",
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Evolution of the adaptive immune system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates. Many of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system (e.g., immunoglobulins and T cell receptors) exist only in jawed vertebrates. However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless v... | What primitive jawed vertebrates do not contain lymphocyte-derived molecules? | [
""
] | [
-1
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"5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29a"
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Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of anim... | In what time period were lagerstatten first found? | [
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] | [
-1
] | [
"5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57d"
] | [
"Ctenophora"
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In the fall quarter of 2014, the University of Chicago enrolled 5,792 students in the College, 3,468 students in its four graduate divisions, 5,984 students in its professional schools, and 15,244 students overall. In the 2012 Spring Quarter, international students comprised almost 19% of the overall study body, over 2... | In the fall quarter of 2014, how many students signed up for the college? | [
"5,792",
"5,792",
"5,792"
] | [
64,
64,
64
] | [
"572863363acd2414000df985",
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Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was initially called "New College" or "the college at New Towne". In 1638, the college became home for North America's first known printing press, carried by the ship John of London. In 1639, the college was renamed Ha... | In what year was the school formed? | [
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Formed in 1946, Sierra Sky Park Airport is a residential airport community born of a unique agreement in transportation law to allow personal aircraft and automobiles to share certain roads. Sierra Sky Park was the first aviation community to be built[citation needed] and there are now numerous such communities across ... | Who created all of the nation's aviation communities? | [
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] | [
-1
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Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged "wrong" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil di... | Revolutionary civil disobedience towards culture is highlighted by example of who? | [
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Helper T cells express T cell receptors (TCR) that recognize antigen bound to Class II MHC molecules. The MHC:antigen complex is also recognized by the helper cell's CD4 co-receptor, which recruits molecules inside the T cell (e.g., Lck) that are responsible for the T cell's activation. Helper T cells have a weaker ass... | Activation of a helper T cell causes it to release what chemicals that influence cell activity? | [
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In front of the Presiding Officers' desk is the parliamentary mace, which is made from silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers and inscribed with the words: Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity. The words There shall be a Scottish Parliament, which are the first words of the Scotland Act, are inscr... | What was presented to the Scottish Parliament by the Queen in 1989? | [
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The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle because, when an efficient turbine is used, the TS diagram begins to resemble the Carnot cycle. The main difference is that heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the condenser) are isobaric (constant pressure) processes in the Rankine cycl... | What is a term that means constant temperature? | [
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The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom and, on 21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey took place as Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway from the Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon i... | In what geographical portion of England is Abercynon located? | [
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The Rhine is the longest river in Germany. It is here that the Rhine encounters some more of its main tributaries, such as the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s). Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via the Moselle; smaller rivers ... | What is the average discharge of the Moselle to the Rhine? | [
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There are also many places commemorating the heroic history of Warsaw. Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom and the museum, is only the beginning of a walk in the traces of Heroic City. The Warsaw Citadel, an impressive 19th-century fortification built after the d... | What was the name of the infamous German Heroic prison? | [
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] | [
-1
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"5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e7"
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Private schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments; thus, they retain the right to select their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition, rather than relying on mandatory taxation t... | Rather than taxation, what are private schools largely funded by? | [
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Analogous definitions can be made for space requirements. Although time and space are the most well-known complexity resources, any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity the... | How are complexity measures generally not defined? | [
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It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full c... | Where did the French send a large number of settlers? | [
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557
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During the divestment from South Africa movement in the late 1980s, student activists erected a symbolic "shantytown" on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech given by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown. The Harvard Management Company repeatedly refused to divest, stating that "operating expenses must not be subje... | What was erected in South Africa by Duke Kent-Brown to protest Harvard? | [
""
] | [
-1
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Another example of scientific research which suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC, far from overstating dangers and risks, have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels. When the researchers' analysis was "applied to the possible scenarios outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on ... | How much did the IPCC Third Assessment Report say sea levels will rise from 1990 to 2100? | [
"9–88 cm",
"0.5–1.4 m",
"9–88 cm"
] | [
478,
398,
478
] | [
"572949306aef051400154c69",
"572949306aef051400154c69",
"572949306aef051400154c69"
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"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change",
"Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change",
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All of the forces in the universe are based on four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles, including nucleons and compound nuclei. The electromagnetic force acts between electric... | What forces are responsible for the interactions between atomic particles? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad27941d7d075001a4295ab"
] | [
"Force"
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Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such a... | Which country had trading posts in India after Britain? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad0316177cf76001a686dde"
] | [
"Imperialism"
] | [
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Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities in the form of carbon dioxide (CO
2). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon (silica SiO
2, as found in granite and quartz), aluminium (aluminium oxide Al
2O
3, in bauxite and corundum), iron (iron(III) oxide Fe
2O
3, in hematite a... | What is AlO? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad26235d7d075001a429082"
] | [
"Oxygen"
] | [
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One of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror, Edgar Atheling, eventually fled to Scotland. King Malcolm III of Scotland married Edgar's sister Margaret, and came into opposition to William who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders. William invaded Scotland in 1072, riding as far ... | Who did the Scotish king take hostage? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3d"
] | [
"Normans"
] | [
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Steam engines are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. In the cycle, water is... | Along with geothermal and nuclear, what is a notable combustion heat source? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2d"
] | [
"Steam_engine"
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An important factor in the creation of inequality is variation in individuals' access to education. Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates high wages for those with this education, however, increases in education first increase and then decrease growth as well as income inequ... | What type of wages do people unable to afford an education receive? | [
"lower",
"lower wages",
"lower wages"
] | [
452,
452,
452
] | [
"5729e1101d04691400779643",
"5729e1101d04691400779643",
"5729e1101d04691400779643"
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Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | When did it retract to a inland formation? | [
"Middle Miocene",
"at the last glacial maximum",
"It expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum."
] | [
470,
530,
441
] | [
"5725be0f271a42140099d11a",
"5725be0f271a42140099d11a",
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"Amazon_rainforest",
"Amazon_rainforest",
"Amazon_rainforest"
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There were 158,349 households, of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284 (43.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 30,547 (19.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11,698 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12,843 (8.1%) u... | How many households had someone alone under the age of 18? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e06"
] | [
"Fresno,_California"
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In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime in Pakistan. Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists, had announced banning alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown. Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism, and "Islam... | When was the regime in Pakistan accepted by General Zia-ul-Haq? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5acfee8977cf76001a686566"
] | [
"Islamism"
] | [
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The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan. The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fun... | Thousands of madrasahs spawned what organization? | [
"The Taliban",
"The Taliban",
"Taliban"
] | [
0,
0,
4
] | [
"57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf",
"57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf",
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An early important political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress in June and July, 1754. The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians, since allegiance of the various tribes and nations was seen to be pivotal in the ... | What was the unimportance of the congress? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feced"
] | [
"French_and_Indian_War"
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The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan (Ayurbarwada), was a competent emperor. He was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture after the reign of Kublai, to the discontent of some Mongol elite. He had been mentored by Li Meng, a Confucian academic. He made many reforms, including t... | Who mentored Buyantu? | [
"Li Meng",
"Li Meng",
"Li Meng"
] | [
256,
256,
256
] | [
"57286f373acd2414000df9dd",
"57286f373acd2414000df9dd",
"57286f373acd2414000df9dd"
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Legally, only non-profit trusts and societies can run schools in India. They will have to satisfy a number of infrastructure and human resource related criteria to get Recognition (a form of license) from the government. Critics of this system point out that this leads to corruption by school inspectors who check compl... | Along with trusts, what other non-profits are allowed to run schools in India? | [
"societies",
"societies",
"societies"
] | [
36,
36,
36
] | [
"57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4",
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"Private_school",
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To measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem, one may wish to see how much time the best algorithm requires to solve the problem. However, the running time may, in general, depend on the instance. In particular, larger instances will require more time to solve. Thus the time required to solve a problem ... | In what unit is the size of the input measured? | [
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After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but stri... | What did the NIF try to unify Islamist opposition against? | [
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A few years after the First Crusade, in 1107, the Normans under the command of Bohemond, Robert's son, landed in Valona and besieged Dyrrachium using the most sophisticated military equipment of the time, but to no avail. Meanwhile, they occupied Petrela, the citadel of Mili at the banks of the river Deabolis, Gllaveni... | Who was Robert's son? | [
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Harvard's athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet, coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting, which dates back to 1875 and is usually called simply "The Game". While Harvard's football team is no longer one of the country's best as it often was a century ago during foot... | How did Yale introduce a new era in football? | [
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The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump to recycle or top up the boiler water, so that they may be run continuously. Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler feed water is an in... | What are jet engines used to supply? | [
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The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine. The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war existed. Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germa... | Who were the Pannonian troops allies with? | [
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-1
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Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe o... | What was done to counteract the overpopulation of mnemiopsis in The Black Sea? | [
"accidental introduction of Beroe",
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794,
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Governor Vaudreuil, who harboured ambitions to become the French commander in chief (in addition to his role as governor), acted during the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts Shirley had erected at t... | What was the attack on the British weakness? | [
"March Battle of Fort Bull",
"Battle of Fort Bull",
"Battle of Fort Bull",
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The history of the steam engine stretches back as far as the first century AD; the first recorded rudimentary steam engine being the aeolipile described by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria. In the following centuries, the few steam-powered "engines" known were, like the aeolipile, essentially experimental devices... | In what year did Jeronimo de Ayanz y Beaumont patent a water pump for draining patients? | [
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From the late 1340s onwards, people in the countryside suffered from frequent natural disasters such as droughts, floods and the resulting famines, and the government's lack of effective policy led to a loss of popular support. In 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion started and grew into a nationwide uprising. In 1354, when... | What uprising began in 1351? | [
"Red Turban Rebellion",
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A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race forme... | What kinds of literature were Social Darwinism and theories of race? | [
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The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confusedly seen to represent the policies of major powers, or simply, general-purpose aggressiveness. Further on, some writers[who?] used the term imperialism, in slightly more discriminating fashion, to mean all kinds of domination or control b... | colonial rule, or physical occupation of a territory is an example of what kind of imperialism? | [
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According to Sheldon Ungar's comparison with global warming, the actors in the ozone depletion case had a better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties. The ozone case communicated to lay persons "with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture" and related to "immediate ris... | Who ordered the Stern Review? | [
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The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. It precipitated civil bloodshed, ruined commerce, and resulted in the illegal flight from the country of hundreds of thousands of Protestants, ... | How many Huguenots emigrated to North America as colonists? | [
"Four thousand",
"Four thousand",
"Four thousand"
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442,
442,
442
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"571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68",
"571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68",
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"Huguenot",
"Huguenot",
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A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament is that Scottish MPs sitting in the UK House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation that applies only to England, Wales and Northern Ireland – whilst English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs are unable to vote on th... | What party had a victory in the 2015 UK election? | [
"the Conservative",
"Conservative",
"Conservative"
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461,
465,
465
] | [
"572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0",
"572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0",
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During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/commun... | Western governments considered Islamists to be the lesser of two evils when compared to whom? | [
"communist",
"leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition",
"leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition"
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306,
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Oxygen, as a supposed mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports. Oxygen bars are establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada since the late 1990s that offer higher than normal O
2 exposure for a fee. Professional athletes, especially in American football, also s... | As a euphoric how is oxygen used in bars? | [
"recreational",
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"recreational"
] | [
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54,
54
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BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts are in DVB-compliant MPEG-2, with the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films, although these are only accessible with a Sky+ box. Sky+ HD material is broadcast using MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 st... | What is the proprietary system that Sky+HD can't use? | [
""
] | [
-1
] | [
"5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea72"
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The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two bifurcations: first, at Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal, which changes its name to Nederrijn at Angeren, and second near Arnhem, the IJssel branches off from the Nederrijn. This creates three main flows, two of which change names ... | At Millingen aan de Rijn where the Rhine splits, what does it change it's name to? | [
"Nederrijn at Angeren",
"Nederrijn at Angeren",
"Nederrijn at Angeren"
] | [
173,
173,
173
] | [
"572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51",
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... |
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