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paclitaxel is an antineoplastic drug isolated from a bark extract of taxus brevifolia ( taxaceae ) the governments of the us and canada approved paclitaxel for sale in 1992 , and a parenteral solution of paclitaxel subsequently became commercially available in japan in 1997 .
paclitaxel is used clinically in the treatm... | backgroundethanol is included in certain injectable preparations of anticancer drugs to increase their solubility .
since the volume of ethanol in these preparations is approximately half of the total injection volume , the potential inhibitory effects of ethanol on the central nervous system can not be disregarded ... | [
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multiple sclerosis ( ms ) , received its name in 1955 , is an inflammatory disorder of brain and spinal cord where in body 's immune system incorrectly attacks its own central nervous system ( cns ) , causing variable and unpredictable symptoms ( some examples including slurred speech , blurred vision , loss of balance... | multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a major cause of neurological disability in adults and has an annual cost of approximately $ 28 billion in the united states .
ms is a very complex disorder as demyelination can happen in a variety of locations throughout the brain ; therefore , this disease is never the same in two pati... | [
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the demand for blood and blood products in nigeria is high due to road traffic accidents , surgical and obstetrical blood loss , and anemia from other causes . despite several
the goal of clinical blood transfusion is to provide qualitative , safe , and adequate blood to recipient.1 the challenges in achieving these go... | background : blood and blood products are scarce commodities .
the demand often outweighs the supply .
this study is directed at investigating the blood procurement sources and the risk of viral transfusion transmissible infection.materials and methods : the records of the blood transfusion unit of a tertiary heal... | [
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osteochondral lesions involve the articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone , and most often affect the knee and the talus ( 1 ) .
osteochondral lesions of the femoral head are uncommon , and few studies have reported the imaging findings of such lesions . since this condition occurs in relatively young patie... | osteochondral lesions of the femoral head are uncommon and few studies have reported their imaging findings .
since joints are at risk of early degeneration after osteochondral damage , timely recognition is important .
osteochondral lesions of femoral head may often be necessary to differentiate from avascular ne... | [
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diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus ( dm ) and is a leading cause of blindness worldwide .
diabetic macular ischemia ( dmi ) is an important category of diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) [ 2 , 3 ] . during the imaging study of the normal macula ,
an important hallmark is the capillary - ... |
purpose . to compare fluorescein angiography ( fa ) and optical coherence tomography angiography ( octa ) images of foveal avascular zone ( faz ) in patients with diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) with and without diabetic macular ischemia ( dmi )
. methods . the wilcoxon signed - rank test was used to compare area meas... | [
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in a recent breast
cancer study conducted by the clinical
proteomic tumor analysis consortium ( cptac ) , extensive global- and phospho- protein profiling were obtained for
a subset of breast cancer samples that have been extensively characterized
in the the cancer genome atlas ( tcga ) .
this is so far the fir... | we focus on characterizing
common and different coexpression patterns
among rnas and proteins in breast cancer tumors . to address this problem ,
we introduce joint random forest ( jrf ) , a novel nonparametric algorithm
to simultaneously estimate multiple coexpression networks by effectively
borrowing inf... | [
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in fixed orthodontic treatment , brackets were used for transferring orthodontic forces to the teeth . at first , to attach the brackets to the tooth , orthodontic bands were used and after welding brackets to bands , they were cemented to the tooth . in 1955 , buonocore introduced the acid - etch technique that was gr... | introduction : the purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength ( sbs ) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel prepared by er : yag laser with two different powers and conventional acid-etching.materials and methods : forty - five human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were randomly assigned ... | [
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acute cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection is common in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients worldwide.12 the infection is often asymptomatic .
symptoms , when they occur , include fever , cervical lymphadenitis , and arthralgia.3 rarely , acute cmv infection may be complicated by pneumonia , colitis , myoc... | acute cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection occurs commonly in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients , but is usually asymptomatic in the latter .
vascular events associated with acute cmv infection have been described , but are rare .
hence , such events are rarely reported in the literature .
we report a ... | [
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superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
( nps ) , with core diameters
of 315 nm , are used in a rapidly expanding number of applications
in the biomedical field ; the most common include cell labeling , hyperthermia , drug
delivery , and as contrast agents for magnetic
resonance imaging . for these applica... | fundamental research
on nanoparticle ( np ) interactions and development
of next - generation biomedical np applications relies on synthesis
of monodisperse , functional , core shell nanoparticles free
of residual dispersants with truly homogeneous and controlled physical
properties .
still , synthesis an... | [
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the incidence of autoimmune diseases ( aids ) such as systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) , rheumatoid arthritis , and primary biliary cirrhosis ( pbc ) has been increasing in china . until now ,
the antinuclear antibody ( ana ) test , wherein antibodies are detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay on hep-2 cells... | backgroundthe incidence of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus , rheumatoid arthritis , and primary biliary cirrhosis has increased significantly in china .
information about the susceptibility or potential of autoimmune diseases in the general population is lacking.objectiveto explore the preva... | [
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kaposi sarcoma ( ks ) is characterized by multicentric neoplastic proliferation of vascular endothelial cells .
aids - related ks has a rapidly progressive course with early mucosal and systemic involvement .
the incidence of aids - associated ks , especially the disseminated form , is very rare in india .
furthermore ... | aids - associated disseminated kaposi sarcoma ( ks ) is a rare entity , especially in india due to the low prevalence of human herpes virus-8 infections in indian population . due to its rapid and progressive nature
, early diagnosis and institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy is crucial in aids - associ... | [
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pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) is a major health issue for women , affecting quality - of - life and requiring costly surgery.1,2 pop is an age - related disorder , and the prevalence increases as a population ages .
women who attain the age of 80 years have a greater than 10% risk of requiring surgery to treat pop.3 tr... | objectiveswe performed constricting anterior and posterior colporrhaphy , levator myorrhaphy , and high perineorrhaphy with concurrent hysterectomy , and investigated the intraoperative complications , and short - term outcomes of these constricting procedures in patients aged 75 years or older.methodswe searched our ... | [
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the introduction of martensitic shape memory ( sm ) nickel - titanium ( niti ) alloy in the manufacturing of rotary endodontic instruments has led to relative increase in their flexibility , cutting efficiency and cyclic fatigue resistance .
these alloys were popularly termed as m - wire , cm - wire ( controlled memory... | context : recent introduction of shape memory ( sm ) nickel - titanium ( niti ) alloy into endodontics is a major breakthrough .
although the flexibility of these instruments was enhanced , fracture of rotary endodontic instruments during instrumentation is an important challenge for the operator .
implementation ... | [
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earlier studies have reported that either caloric restriction or the inactivation of nutrient - dependent pathways is able to increase life extension in different eukaryotes .
the extension of lifespan in various organisms is associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress ( 1 ) .
the findings of numerous stud... | background : glucose is the preferred carbon and energy source in most organisms and plays an active role in the regulation of many biological processes . however , an excess of glucose leads to such undesirable conditions as diabetes and age - related diseases . since schizosaccharomyces pombe homologous of many huma... | [
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acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory intra - abdominal process , which in approximately 1520% of patients presents in a severe form , with a gradual establishment of multiple organ dysfunction or local complications , including necrosis , pseudocyst , and abscess .
severe acute pancreatitis is a condition associated w... |
aim .
acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory intra - abdominal disease , which takes a severe form in 1520% of patients and can result in high mortality especially when complicated by acute renal failure .
the aim of this study is to assess the possible reduction in the extent of acute kidney injury after adminis... | [
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over the last few decades , a dramatic worldwide increase in infection rates by multidrug - resistant ( mdr ) pathogens has occurred , which is acknowledged as a public health crisis .
management of infections caused by these pathogens is often difficult due to the scarcity of available active drugs .
the last report o... | this article is one of ten reviews selected from the annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine 2015 and co - published as a series in critical care .
other articles in the series can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2015 .
further information about the annual update in intensiv... | [
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tissue culture methods and irradiation procedure have been described in . the three dimensional tissue culture model
( 3d epioral ) and media were purchased from mattek corporation ( ashland , ma ) .
the 3d epioral tissue is a co - culture organotypic model and consisted of human fibroblasts on the bottom and human ora... | we evaluated a three - dimensional ( 3d ) human oral cell culture that consisted of two types of cells , oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts as a model of oral mucositis which is a debilitating adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiation treatment .
the 3d cell culture model was irradiated with 12 or 2 gy , and tot... | [
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diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is a group of metabolic disorders , mainly characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and consequent hyperglycemia as the common feature . whereas cardiovascular complications are well described for dm , it is a relatively new consideration that diabetic patients are highly predisposed to can... | diabetes mellitus ( dm ) is a lifelong progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide .
whereas cardiovascular complications are well - known for dm , increasing evidence indicates that diabetics are predisposed to cancer .
understanding of molecular pathomechanisms of cancer in dm is of great imp... | [
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pulmonary hypertension is an increasingly recognized complication of sickle - cell anaemia and a risk factor for early death [ 14 ] .
recurrent episodes of acute and subacute pulmonary crises reflecting in situ sickling within the lung has been postulated to be the primary event leading to pulmonary hypertension .
ha... | pulmonary hypertension is an emerging complication of sickle cell anaemia with associated increased risk of mortality . in order to evaluate the clinical and electrocardiographic findings in adult sickle - cell patients with pulmonary hypertension ,
a cross sectional study was conducted on sixty two sickle cell anae... | [
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in the last decade we have witnessed a dramatic increase both in the proportion and absolute number of bacterial pathogens presenting multidrug resistance to antibacterial agents .
organizations such as the us centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) , the european centre for disease prevention and control ( ... | in the last decade we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the proportion and absolute number of bacterial pathogens resistant to multiple antibacterial agents .
multidrug - resistant bacteria are currently considered as an emergent global disease and a major public health problem . the b - debate meeting brought t... | [
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the study was conducted in 100 households of 9 affected villages of engil district on the edge of herat city .
households were included if they were located on 3 randomly selected transect lines and if members of the households owned either cattle or sheep . because there are no reliable estimates on seroprevalence of ... | in response to an outbreak of crimean - congo hemorrhagic fever in western afghanistan , we measured immunoglobulin g seroprevalence among household members and their animals . seroprevalence was 11.2% and 75.0% in humans ( n = 330 ) and livestock ( n = 132 ) , respectively .
persons with frequent exposure to cattle... | [
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cancer , which is commonly a harbinger of imminent patient death , is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells and aberrant cell behavior , which leads to expansive masses that destroy surrounding normal tissue and is able to attack vital organs resulting in disseminated dis... | cancer is an inevitable matter of concern in the medicinal chemistry era .
chalcone is the well exploited scaffold in the anticancer domain .
the molecular mechanism of chalcone at cellular level was explored in past decades .
this mini review provides the most recent updates on anticancer potential of chalcones... | [
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cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) colitis is common among immunocompromised patients who are more prone to opportunistic infections .
after the infection of cmv is detected by histology or serology , antiviral treatment is usually chosen initially . since cmv disease
can not be diagnosed on clinical symptoms alone , diagnosis an... | we report a case of hemorrhagic cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) colitis , occurring in a postoperative patient due to a weakened immune system .
an 85-year - old woman with a medical history , including chronic renal failure treated with oral administration of prednisolone , underwent colectomy due to an ascending colon can... | [
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healthcare is provided by public and private hospitals , and there are 5 major burns units . in january 2005 , pustular lesions were observed on the foot of a patient in 1 of the burns units , and similar lesions subsequently appeared on other patients .
local health authorities were informed of the outbreak , and an i... | during 5 months in 20042005 , buffalopoxvirus infection , confirmed by virus isolation and limited nucleic acid sequencing , spread between 5 burns units in karachi , pakistan .
the outbreak was related to movement of patients between units .
control measures reduced transmission , but sporadic cases continued due... | [
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we have observed a case of renal involvement complicated by granular corneal dystrophy type ii ( gcd2 ) .
gcd2 , also known as avellino corneal dystrophy ( cd ) , is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the transforming growth factor--induced ( tgfbi ) gene .
this mutation can be found in several dist... | many types of inherited renal diseases have ocular features that occasionally support a diagnosis .
the following study describes an unusual example of a 40-year - old woman with granular corneal dystrophy type ii complicated by renal involvement .
these two conditions may coincidentally coexist ; however , there ... | [
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we now appreciate that the immune system recognizes cancer and that patients with strong natural immune reactions have better survival compared with those with weak responses .
this concept was first demonstrated in patients with colorectal cancer ( crc ) by pages et al .
here they demonstrated that the immune contextu... | the current excitement surrounding cancer immunotherapy stems particularly from clinical data involving agents mediating immune checkpoint receptor blockade , which have induced unprecedented efficacy against a range of tumours compared with previous immunotherapeutic approaches .
however , an important consideratio... | [
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hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis ( hlh ) secondary to infectious disease is an important entity especially in tropics where infectious diseases are rampant and still pose a major threat .
a timely diagnosis and prompt treatment can improve the clinical outcome of this otherwise potentially fatal condition ! this arti... | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis ( hlh ) is a potentially fatal hyper inflammatory condition , if not recognized and treated in time .
a high index of suspicion can help identify the condition early .
this condition can occur in the primary or secondary form .
secondary hlh or hemophagocytic syndrome ( hps ) s... | [
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acetone is the simplest ketone compound . in general , acetone is not considered harmful , and the world health organization has not classified acetone as carcinogenic . however , its prolonged inhalation can not only cause irritation of the mucous membranes , headaches , confusion , and narcotic effects , but lead to ... | using high - performance liquid chromatography ( hplc ) and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine ( 2,4-dnph ) as a derivatizing reagent , an analytical method was developed for the quantitative determination of acetone in human blood .
the determination was carried out at 365 nm using an ultraviolet - visible ( uv - vis ) di... | [
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cytauxzoon felis is a tick - transmitted protozoan parasite that can cause cytauxzoonosis in wild and domestic felids .
cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats has been reported throughout central , south - eastern and south - central usa .
oklahoma is considered enzootic for c felis and iowa ( ia ) is a non - enzootic state b... | case summary cytauxzoonosis is a tick - borne disease of cats , and oklahoma ( ok ) , usa , is considered an enzootic state . to determine the prevalence of cytauxzoon felis ,
blood was collected from free - roaming cats , as they are frequently exposed to tick vectors .
our objective was to determine the prevalen... | [
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in order to collect a set of images useful to test the algorithm , we run 10 plasma samples using 2d - ge . 2d - ge was performed according to maresca et al .
, with each sample run in duplicate . for the first - dimension of electrophoresis ,
200 g of plasma protein samples ( approximately 3 l ) were applied to 18-c... | analysis of images obtained from two - dimensional gel electrophoresis ( 2d - ge ) is a topic of utmost importance in bioinformatics research , since commercial and academic software available currently has proven to be neither completely effective nor fully automatic , often requiring manual revision and refinement o... | [
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although the human genome sequence was released a decade ago , the role of functional noncoding rnas ( ncrnas ) is much less understood compared with their coding counterparts .
several previous studies have demonstrated that the human genome is pervasively transcribed ( 14 ) , but thoroughly cataloging all the rna spe... | thousands of novel transcripts have been identified using deep transcriptome sequencing .
this discovery of large and
hidden transcriptome rejuvenates the demand for methods that can rapidly distinguish between coding and noncoding rna . here
, we present a novel alignment - free method , coding potential asses... | [
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, it must develop tolerance to paternal antigens to avoid a lethal immunologic attack against the fetus . on the other hand
, it must preserve the ability to fight infections from a multitude of commensal and environmental pathogens .
disruption of this balance can have devastating consequences , including preterm labo... | several recent studies have shown differences in the maternal immune milieu at different phases of pregnancy , but most studies have been cross - sectional or of relatively few time points .
levels of 42 cytokines were determined using a multiplex bead - based assay on archived serum from a cohort of pregnant women ... | [
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all bacterial strains recovered from blood were identified from available microbiology department records of all 13 hospitals in san francisco county from january 1 , 1996 , to march 31 , 1999 . for three hospitals ( 4,5,9 ) ,
data from 1996 had been purged and were no longer available . for each isolate ,
information ... | countywide antibiotic resistance patterns may provide additional information from that obtained from national sampling or individual hospitals .
we reviewed susceptibility patterns of selected bacterial strains isolated from blood in san francisco county from january 1996 to march 1999 .
we found substantial hospi... | [
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aniridia is a rare bilateral congenital malformation of iris due to neuro - ectodermal developmental defect secondary to a mutation in pax6 gene located on chromosome 11p13 .
the incidence of aniridia is estimated to be 1 in 60,000 - 100,000 live births.1 it exists in both sporadic and familial form .
it may occur in i... | aniridia is a rare congenital malformation that may be associated with various ocular and systemic manifestations .
we describe two cases of familial total aniridia associated with microcornea , high myopia and dislocated lens .
no systemic abnormality was noted in any of the cases . | [
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the global burden of disease 2004 data estimated that 186 million ( 2.9% ) of the world s
population were severely disabled and another 797 million ( 12.4% ) had moderate long - term
disability .
the average global
prevalence of moderate and severe disability in children is 93 million ( 5.1% ) .
however , the sit... | objective : the aim of this study was to assess the economic burden of
disability of school - aged children and to evaluate the association between disabilities
and household socioeconomic status , as well as the economic burden of disability and
household socioeconomic status in vietnam.materials and methods : ... | [
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acute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis ( aospd ) is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis that has been described in only seven previous case reports since 1995 .
aospd is defined as suppuration from the pancreatic duct ; however , in contrast to the pancreatic infections that typically complicate chro... | abstractacute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis ( aospd ) is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis that has been described in only seven previous case reports since 1995 .
we report a case of a 33-year - old female a known case of chronic pancreatitis with computed tomography suggestive of dilated ma... | [
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what is new?the applicability of clinical practice guidelines to primary care has been questioned for individual conditions such as hypertension and depression , and concerns have been raised about guidelines promoting overtreatment of low - risk populations.until now , evidence from a systematic appraisal of the relev... | objectivesprimary care patients typically have less severe illness than those in hospital and may be overtreated if clinical guideline evidence is inappropriately generalized .
we aimed to assess whether guideline recommendations for primary care were based on relevant research.study design and settingliterature rev... | [
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as a country develops , the types of diseases that affect its population shift from primarily infectious , such as diarrhea and pneumonia , to primarily noncommunicable diseases , such as cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) , obesity , and cancer.1 the global burden of cvd has increased , mostly in wealthy countries .
howev... | backgroundcardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) are the leading cause of death in the world , and diet plays a major role in cvd incidence , especially through lipid oxidation mechanisms .
this , in turn , leads to tissue inflammation and formation of atheromatous plaques.methods and resultsour objective was to evaluate t... | [
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diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and the primary diagnosis in more than 40% of new patients on dialysis in several parts of the world including the united states .
identifying the factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of dn is a critical step towards halting its progressi... | connective tissue growth factor ( ctgf ; ccn2 ) plays a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) .
urinary ctgf ( uctgf ) is elevated in dn patients and has been proposed as a biomarker for disease progression , but it is unknown which pathophysiological factors contribute to elevated uctgf .
we stud... | [
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human cells show a different ddr during mitosis than in other cell cycle phases . during most of the cell cycle ,
after cells reach the point of no return , however , dsbs on mitotic chromosomes do not trigger cell - cycle delay or arrest ; and the cells rather proceed through mitosis even if they contain unrepaired ds... | double - strand breaks ( dsbs ) are one of the severest types of dna damage .
unrepaired dsbs easily induce cell death and chromosome aberrations . to maintain genomic stability , cells have checkpoint and dsb repair systems to respond to dna damage throughout most of the cell cycle .
the failure of this process o... | [
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epilepsy is the second most prevalent neurological disorder ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal }
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in advanced stages , solid tumors can metastasize to various organs , including the central nervous system . in particular , breast , lung and prostate cancer metastases
current operative concepts are focused on lesions to the vertebra , while metastases to non - osseous spinal structures are rare and usually associate... | introductionspinal metastases are frequently encountered in patients with breast cancer . because of
recent improvements in oncologic therapies a growing incidence of symptomatic leptomeningeal metastases ( lm ) should be expected .
the differential diagnosis of lm comprises a wide range of conditions , including ... | [
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intentional replantation ( intr ) is described as the intervention of purposely removing a tooth and following some extra - oral procedures , replacing it into its socket . despite increasing tendency to be a favored treatment alternative in cases of periodontally hopeless teeth ( pht ) , enhancement of periodontal tis... | the aim of the report is to document 15-month results of mucogingival surgery applied following intentional replantation ( intr ) .
a mandibular left lateral incisor with severe periodontitis and malposition was replanted and splinted following root canal treatment .
three months after intr , a free gingival graft... | [
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slipped capital femoral epiphysis ( scfe ) is an adolescent hip disorder with displacement of the capital femoral epiphysis from the metaphysis through the physis .
most scfes are varus ( medial and posterior epiphyseal displacement relative to the metaphysic ) but can occasionally be valgus ( lateral and superior epip... | the etiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis ( scfe ) is unknown with many insights coming from epidemiologic / demographic information .
a systematic medical literature review regarding scfe was performed .
the incidence is 0.33/100,000 to 24.58/100,000 children 8 to 15 years of age .
the relative racial f... | [
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proteomics has emerged as a valuable tool
for the identification
of biomarkers associated with human disease including those resulting from very subtle changes in normal cell
functions and signaling pathways .
proteomic technology has advanced
to a state where thousands of proteins can be identified within comp... | formaldehyde - fixed , paraffin - embedded ( ffpe ) tissue repositories
represent a valuable resource for the retrospective study of disease
progression and response to therapy .
however , the proteomic analysis
of ffpe tissues has been hampered by formaldehyde - induced protein
modifications , which reduce ... | [
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eligibility requirements included body mass index > 18.5 kg / m ( mean 24.8sd 4.5 kg / m ) , age 1850 years ( 267.5 ) , no current use of antioxidant dietary supplements or a willingness to refrain from their use three weeks prior to and during the study , and self - reported smoking of 3 cigarettes / day ( 11.05.1 ) f... | backgroundanimal experiments document effects of grape juice on cognitive performance and motor skills , and observational studies in humans suggest an inverse association between flavonoid intake and cognitive decline .
these effects may be related to the antioxidant properties of polyphenols .
juice consumption ... | [
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langerhans cell histiocytosis ( lch ) refers to a clonal , neoplastic expansion of langerhans cells .
stimulation by tumor necrosis factor and granulocyte - monocyte colony - stimulating factor has been implicated in the pathogenesis ( as has human herpesvirus 6 ) .
it most commonly affects children between the age of... | we report a case of langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 64-year - old male who presented with symptoms and signs of brain involvement , including seizures and hypopituitarism .
the diagnosis was confirmed with a biopsy of a lytic skull lesion .
the disease affecting the bone showed no sign of progression following ... | [
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studies have shown the incidence of injury from squash to range from 35.5 to 80.9 per 100,000 players .
trauma to the head ( including the eyes ) is the most common cause of squas - related hospital presentation , comprising 48.7% of all emergency department presentations .
craniofacial and spinal fractures typically r... | squash is a popular racquet sport not usually associated with severe head or spinal injury .
the incidence of squash - related injury ranges from 35.5 to 80.9 per 100,000 players , with the most common sites being the lower - limbs and eyes .
we present a case of extensive traumatic craniomaxillofacial and vertebr... | [
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the data file of recommendations by pbac was created by abstracting data from the pbac web site ( http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/public-summary-documents-by-product ) .
data were taken from recommendations made from july 2005 through november 2009 . in the data
if a product had more than ... | objectives : the aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the financial impact of a new drug and the recommendation for reimbursement by the australian pharmaceutical benefits advisory committee ( pbac).methods : data in the pbac summary database were abstracted for decisions made between july 2005 a... | [
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we administered intravitreal bevacizumab injection to eight eyes of eight patients of various etiologies ranging from retinal vein occlusion to diabetic retinopathy , age related macular degeneration amd , and choroidal neovascular membrane cnvm .
the best corrected visual acuity of seven out of eight patients was poor... | the risk of endophthalmitis is always a concern when an intraocular procedure is performed .
intravitreal injection is a frequently used method for therapeutic management of many diseases , affecting the posterior segment of the eye .
hence , it is important to assess the risk of complications , especially endopht... | [
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membrane proteins ( mps ) constitute about 30% of all the proteins encoded in the currently known genomes , and play critical roles in cell signaling , ion transport , and cell - cell communications , as well as assist the folding of other mps ( 1 ) . because of these biological significance
, mps represent the most im... | there is a large gap between the number of membrane protein ( mp ) sequences and that of their decoded 3d structures , especially high - resolution structures , due to difficulties in crystal preparation of mps .
however , detailed knowledge of the 3d structure is required for the fundamental understanding of the fu... | [
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subjects for this nested case - controlled study were selected from ongoing clinical investigations of skeletal muscle insulin resistance . only female subjects were included to provide a sex - controlled analysis .
women aged 6075 years were recruited through advertisements in the pittsburgh , pa , area . a brief phon... | objectivewe tested the primary hypotheses that sphingolipid and diacylglycerol ( dag ) content is higher within insulin - resistant muscle and that the association between intramyocellular triglycerides ( imtg ) and insulin resistance is muscle fiber type specific.research design and methodsa nested case - control ana... | [
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a 50-year - old , 168 cm , 68 kg man without significant past medical history , was admitted to emergency room following a slip - down accident . on admission ,
neurologic examination confirmed a glasgow coma scale ( gcs ) of 15 , and the pupils were symmetrical and reactive . emergent skull x - ray series , facial com... | pneumocephalus is a condition which usually results from head trauma .
it has been known that iatrogenic pneumocephalus can occur as a complication of positive pressure mask ventilation during induction of anesthesia or ventilatory care for head trauma patients .
we report a case of mask ventilation during anesthe... | [
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the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s13555 - 015 - 0084 - 3 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
finasteride 1 mg is used successfully all over the world for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in male pattern baldness .
various clinical trials have established f... | introductionfinasteride is one of the most common drugs used in androgenetic alopecia .
the literature discusses the sexual side effects of the drug ; however , in practice there is little evidence to support this .
the aim of the present study was to investigate the sexual dysfunction in patients taking finasteri... | [
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263,
532,
4... |
neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( nac ) has generally been used in treatment of locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer , but its use is increasing for earlier stages of the disease [ 1 - 3 ] .
the number of patients who are candidates for breast conserving treatment ( bct ) increases with the use of nac , which downs... | purposethe purpose of this study is to determine whether breast cancer subtype can affect locoregional recurrence ( lrr ) and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence ( ibtr ) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( nac ) and breast - conserving therapy ( bct).materials and methodswe evaluated 335 consecutive patients with clinic... | [
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... |
coltheart , langdon , and mckay ( 2007 ) extended a two - factor explanation of capgras ' delusion to somatoparaphrenic delusions and from there to paranoid delusions in schizophrenia .
the authors argued that abnormal experiences or data give rise to delusional hypotheses which are not rejected because of damage to ... | introductiontheories of delusions which rely on a combination of abnormal experience and defective belief evaluation and/ or cognitive bias are the subject of an emerging consensus .
this paper challenges the validity of these theories and constructs a two factor alternative.methodsthe paper starts by identifying th... | [
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115,
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113,
... |
mapping nucleobases
in dna or rna modified by alkylation or oxidation
often relies on the ability to specifically cleave the oligonucleotide
at the site of modification , followed by gel electrophoresis to develop
the map . a method established by maxam and gilbert
utilizes base - specific
alkylation followed... | the nucleobase guanine in dna ( dg )
and rna ( rg ) has the lowest
standard reduction potential of the bases , rendering it a major site
of oxidative damage in these polymers .
mapping the sites at which
oxidation occurs in an oligomer via chemical reagents utilizes hot
piperidine for cleaving oxidized dna... | [
2,
109,
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66787,... |
physical fitness is the ability that helps people to adapt with their environmental conditions and plays an important role in daily activities .
it is highly associated to one 's health status and has a striking effect on the quality of life , learning and working efficiency , and physical activity contributions .
phys... | background : physical exercises can influence some anthropometric and fitness components differently .
the aim of present study was to evaluate how a relatively long - term training program in 11 - 14-year - old male iranian students affects their anthropometric and motor performance measures.methods:measurements we... | [
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136,
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971,
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... |
derangements of the condyle - disc complex arise from a breakdown of the normal rotational movement of the disc on the condyle .
the thinning of the posterior border of the disc can cause the disc to be displaced in a more posterior position . with the condyle resting on a more posterior portion of the disc or retrodis... | statement of problemqualitative and semi - quantitative methods have been developed for tmj sound classification , but the criteria presented are completely inhomogeneous . thus , to develop more objective criteria for defining tmj sounds , electroacoustical systems have been developed .
we used joint vibration anal... | [
2,
109,
4129,
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105,
3251,
110,
46641,... |
a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor ( mpnst ) is a sarcoma that arises from peripheral nerves or cells of the associated nerve sheath ( schwann cells , perineural cells , fibroblasts ) .
the term " mpnst " has substituted previously used terms such as malignant schwannoma , neurofibrosarcoma , and neurogenic sarc... | a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor ( mpnst ) is a type of sarcoma that arises from peripheral nerves or cells of the associated nerve sheath .
this tumor most commonly metastasizes to the lung and metastases to the spinal cord and brain are very rare .
we describe a case of young patient with spinal cord an... | [
2,
145,
731,
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221,
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31753,
17823,
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729,
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12263,
56344,
11771,
15219,
110,
107,
106,
109,... |
giving birth is one of the most amazing physiologic events in human life and it can be safe and pleasant in many circumstances , but in some situations it might end with known difficulties and complications for mother and her fetus .
it means regular uterine contractions with adequate frequency and intensity resulting ... | we aimed to use celecoxib to suppress preterm labor instead magnesium sulfate ( mgso4 ) to prevent preterm labor . methods .
it was a randomized clinical trial study , which was done on 600 pregnant women .
all subjects were divided into two groups by simple random sampling .
one group was given 4 grams of mgso4... | [
2,
115,
136,
692,
110,
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207,
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143,
5111,
2770,
914,
110,
158,
130,
109,
211,
540,
2495,
110,
107,
106,
... |
depressive disorders affect 340 million people ( approximately 9% ) globally regardless of gender , culture , or ethnicity . from 1990 till present time
, depression has been rated one of the leading causes of years lived with disability ( ylds ) .
for instance , depression predicts future coronary events and cardiac d... | this prospective , community - based study examined trajectories of physical activity from childhood to adulthood and whether these trajectories contributed to depressive symptoms in adulthood to a greater degree than adulthood physical activity .
participants ( n = 3596 ) were from the ongoing cardiovascular risk i... | [
2,
136,
692,
8703,
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317,
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1965,
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4530,
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9068,
122,
110,
17940,
416... |
in 2012 , an estimated 790,000 women in the united states were diagnosed with cancer , of whom 10% were of reproductive age ( american cancer society , 2012 , schover , 2005 ) .
[ nih surveillance ] ( national institute of health , 2010 , society of family planning , 2012 ) addressing the possibility of future pregnanc... | we sought to identify how gynecologic oncologists approach reproductive counseling for their fertile , reproductive age patients , and their experience with unplanned pregnancies.members of the society of gynecologic oncology ( sgo ) were surveyed electronically regarding consistency of counseling patterns of contrace... | [
2,
145,
3047,
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2629,
113,
582,
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113,
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791,
110,
107,
790,
59769,
9770,
... |
neonatal sprague - dawley rats ( seven days old ) together with their maternal rats were obtained from a commercial breeder ( orient co. , seoul , korea ) .
the experimental procedures were performed in accordance with the animal care guidelines of the national institutes of health ( nih ) and the korean academy of med... | purposeto investigate the effect of catechin on apoptotic cell death in the lens epithelium of rats with cataract.methodscataract was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg / kg n - methyl - n - nitrosourea ( mnu ) to ten day - old sprague - dawley rats .
the neonatal rats were randomly divided into five gro... | [
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145,
799,
114,
17172,
692,
113,
1061,
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943,
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3178,
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24315,
18909,
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1061,
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943,
10069,
110,
... |
therapeutic drug monitoring ( tdm ) of antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) is a common practice and is usually done to optimize their dosing regimens , efficacy and in investigating therapeutic failure or patient compliance and avoid toxicity .
as seizures occur irregularly , sometimes with long gaps in between the episodes ,... | introduction : with the advancement of therapeutics , newer antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) like levetiracetam ( lev ) , with good therapeutic efficacy and tolerability are available .
but unfortunately , therapeutic drug monitoring is not routinely done in india for these drugs.objectives:the objective of this study i... | [
2,
115,
136,
692,
110,
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13204,
1099,
113,
110,
26040,
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1532,
110,
116,
19044,
111,
2827,
1407,
110,
108,
451,
124,
109,
13183,
... |
uremia related , non -traditional risk factors , such as inflammation , oxidative stress , dyslipidemia , vascular calcification alterations in calcium and phosphorus ( p ) metabolism , have been proposed to play a central role ( 2 ) .
elevated plasma beta2 microglobulin ( 2 m ) , is a well - known characteristic of ch... | background : higher than expected cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients , has been attributed to dyslipidemia as well as inflammation .
beta2-microglobulin ( 2 m ) is an independent predictor of outcome for hemodialysis patients and a representative substance of middle molecules.results:in 40 patients in... | [
2,
109,
2560,
113,
136,
692,
117,
112,
5731,
109,
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12940,
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23722,
111,
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115,
281,
233,
23509,
12479,
82560,
1044,
110,
10... |
the experimental models of myocardial infarction have largely contributed to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction . studies on large animal models revealed many mechanisms involved in myocardial injury and repair [ 1 , 2 ] . in the last few years , transgenic mice and gene targeting te... | myocardial infarction is associated with inflammatory reaction leading to tissue remodeling .
we compared tissue remodeling between cryoinfarction ( cmi ) and reperfused myocardial infarction ( mi ) in order to better understand the local environment where we apply cell therapies .
models of closed - chest one - h... | [
2,
145,
1711,
109,
24847,
111,
109,
5936,
113,
9590,
111,
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317,
183,
110,
1... |
the health of the elderly has elicited considerable social attention . with the social and economic development ,
health care conditions and living standards improve continuously , thus improving the physical health of the elderly and prolonging their life span . according to statistics from the chinese ministry of hea... | background : china has become an aging society , and the mental health problem of the elderly is increasingly becoming prominent .
this paper aimed to analyze the effect of air pollution and rural - urban difference on mental health of the elderly in china.methods:using the data from the china health and retirement ... | [
2,
136,
800,
23078,
37723,
109,
19485,
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109,
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426,
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348,
110,
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819,
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111,
2697,
110,
107,
451,
124,
... |
acromegaly is serious endocrinological derangement which , left untreated , reduces life expectancy and results in physiological derangements and complications that may negatively affect a patient 's quality of life .
those patients with residual or recurrent disease are often treated with medication to decrease growth... | acromegaly is debilitating disease occasionally refractory to surgical and medical treatment .
stereotactic radiosurgery , and in particular gamma knife surgery ( gks ) , has proven to be an effective noninvasive adjunct to traditional treatments , leading to disease remission in a substantial proportion of patients... | [
2,
35421,
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66203,
114,
4618,
12047,
110... |
oral melanoma is an extremely rare tumor arising from uncontrolled growth of melanocytes found in the basal layer of oral mucous membrane .
it occurs between 30 and 90 years of age , with a higher incidence in the 6th decade with a mean age of 56 years .
it is having a higher prevalence in yellows , blacks , japanese ,... | primary oral melanoma is a rare neoplasm of melanocytic origin , accounting for 0.5% of all oral malignancies .
the chameleonic presentation of a mainly asymptomatic condition , rarity of this lesion , poor prognosis , and the necessity of a highly specialized treatment are factors that should be seriously conside... | [
2,
145,
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264,
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270,
317,
8667,
111,
5029,
110,
... |
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting predominantly joints , synovial membranes , articular cartilages , and subchondral bones .
disease progression is attributed to increases in reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and oxidative stress ( os ) in the lesion sites .
proinflammatory ... | rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic inflammatory disease , leading to progressive destruction of joints and extra - articular tissues , including organs such as liver and spleen .
the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a potential immunomodulator , natural polyphenol n - feruloylserotonin ( n -... | [
2,
145,
10920,
109,
1298,
113,
3178,
233,
28910,
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21045,
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158,
124,
109,
20808,
110,
... |
molecular hydrogen ( h2 ) is a zero - emission energy carrier and is one of the best alternative fuels for the future , especially in urban areas with stricter environmental requirements .
hydrogenase ( h2ase ) enzymes catalyze the bidirectional reaction of 2h + 2e h2 ( jugder et al . , 2013 ; kim & cha , 2013 ) and... | direct spectroscopic evidence for a hydride bridge in the ni
r form of [ nife ] hydrogenase has been obtained using iron - specific nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy .
this article focuses on the long and strenuous experimental journey to search for and identify this first spectroscopic evidence for a hy... | [
2,
12663,
2889,
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5124,
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76301,
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110,
158,
1026,
233,... |
this is a retrospective cross - sectional study . there were 4,377 participants , all of whom underwent cardiac ct in a health promotion center at gangnam severance hospital ( seoul , korea ) between january 2008 and february 2013 . from 4,377 participants
, we excluded men ( n = 2,584 ) and premenopausal women ( n ... | abstractobjective : cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in postmenopausal women , and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) has been known to be associated with cardiovascular disease .
however , little information regarding the relationship between nafld and coronary artery calcification ( cac )... | [
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145,
10920,
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7936,
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111,
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36321,
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263,
112,
5935,
109,
4097,
317,
7936,
20603,
... |
the design and baseline characteristics of the whi have been described in detail elsewhere ( 8) . in brief , the whi enrolled postmenopausal women 5079 years of age who provided written informed consent and had an expected survival and local residency of 3 years .
exclusion criteria included current alcoholism , drug d... | objectiveto examine determinants of racial / ethnic differences in diabetes incidence among postmenopausal women participating in the women s health initiative.research design and methodsdata on race / ethnicity , baseline diabetes prevalence , and incident diabetes were obtained from 158,833 women recruited from 1993... | [
2,
136,
692,
9068,
109,
19107,
113,
5040,
115,
695,
111,
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233,
164,
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55644,
231,
110,
107,
106,
109,
602,
5348,
120,
109,
... |
several types of studies have suggested that infectious agents may play a role in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease ( chd ) .
atherosclerosis in chickens is exacerbated by infection with marek 's disease virus , a member of the herpes virus family 12 , and numerous studies have suggested an association of vira... | recent work has revealed correlations between bacterial or viral infections and atherosclerotic disease .
one particular bacterium , chlamydia pneumoniae , has been observed at high frequency in human atherosclerotic lesions , prompting the hypothesis that infectious agents may be necessary for the initiation or pro... | [
2,
500,
1020,
113,
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133,
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133,
4607,
1812,
118,
114,
33184,
868,
113,
14162,
3073,
115,
58871,
303,
109... |
according to the world health organisation ( who ) , the current estimates are that more than 62 million individuals are affected by diabetes mellitus ( dm ) , with 79.4 million cases expected by 2030 [ 1 , 2 ] .
the success of the treatments such as the one started in south india is closely related to early detectio... | this study has investigated the association between retinal vascular parameters with type ii diabetes in indian population with no observable diabetic retinopathy .
it has introduced two new retinal vascular parameters : total number of branching angles ( tba ) and average acute branching angles ( aba ) as potential... | [
2,
136,
692,
148,
3087,
109,
4097,
317,
33739,
19943,
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120,
137,
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2093,
3686,
347,
2761,
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122,
619,
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5040,
111,
220,
6878,
20850,
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107,
106,
142,
42870,
861,
113,
5040,
115,
109,
27251,
1948,
303,
33739,
1055,
... |
thymoglobulin , rabbit anti - human thymocyte immunoglobulin ( atg ) , is an immunosuppressive drug used as an anti - rejection therapy in solid organ transplantation and in hematological diseases .
an association between atg and acute lung injury was first described in an experimental model in 1975 . since then
, few ... | non - cardiogenic pulmonary edema ( ncpe ) is a clinical syndrome characterized by simultaneous presence of severe hypoxemia , bilateral alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph , without evidence of left atrial hypertension / congestive heart failure / fluid overload .
the diagnosis of drugrelated ncpe relies upon ... | [
2,
145,
731,
114,
437,
113,
134,
838,
233,
16399,
609,
233,
16596,
22393,
23138,
50942,
143,
38080,
7573,
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115,
114,
1149,
10069,
729,
458,
130,
304,
887,
51318,
4906,
8934,
2939,
111,
12857,
20768,
30144,
134,
114,
53397,
53... |
arthritis affects around 0.51% of the world population with more women being affected than men .
the deregulation of the immune system may lead to the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) which is a prototype of the groups of illnesses with chronic systemic disorders with destructive i... |
saraca asoca has been traditionally used in indian system for treatment of uterine , genital , and other reproductive disorders in women , fever , pain , and inflammation .
the hypothesis of this study is that acetone extract of saraca asoca seeds is an effective anti - inflammatory treatment for arthritis in anim... | [
2,
109,
3189,
63549,
4051,
113,
109,
48683,
110,
108,
1857,
66612,
25402,
110,
108,
111,
9000,
1857,
233,
17120,
817,
113,
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5703,
113,
3949,
113,
41546,
30638,
130,
35307,
148,
634,
1225,
111,
1259,
602,
333,
2517,
19409,
1... |
medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric brain tumor , with an incidence of ~0.5/100,000 children < 15 years old ( 1 ) .
it is classified as grade iv according to the world health organization ( who ) ( 2 ) .
current treatment consisting of surgery , radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy has a limited role in impr... | medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of the central nervous system among children .
medulloblastoma is an embryonal tumor , of which little is known about the pathogenesis .
several efforts have been made to understand the molecular aspects of its tumorigenic pathways ; however , these are poor... | [
2,
20945,
54416,
71280,
117,
109,
205,
830,
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2037,
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110,
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191,
51843,
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110,
105,
738,
231,
459,
143,
305,
110,
158,
110,
107,
106,
126,
117,
8015,
130,
2476,
53301... |
kindler syndrome ( ks ) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis , which was first described in a 14-year - old girl in 1954 by kindler and later by forman et al . in 1989 .
more than 120 cases have been reported since the original report by kindler ; the largest series being a cluster of 26 patients identified wit... | kindler syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder , associated with skin fragility .
the syndrome involves the skin and mucous membrane with radiological changes .
the genetic defect has been identified on the short arm of chromosome 20 .
this report describes a 16-year - old patient with classical features like bl... | [
2,
660,
5587,
17763,
49165,
71288,
8364,
117,
114,
2822,
84268,
83357,
66411,
144,
15219,
110,
107,
106,
109,
8364,
117,
114,
1852,
113,
556,
113,
14942,
39539,
769,
5962,
143,
860,
107,
838,
107,
110,
108,
35368,
49046,
24456,
38119,
... |
myelodysplastic syndromes ( mdss ) represent a group of clonal hematological disorders characterized by progressive cytopenia reflecting defects in erythroid , myeloid and megakaryocytic maturation .
anemia , neutropenia and thrombocytopenia , separated or in combination , despite a hyper- or normocellular marrow defin... | myelodysplastic syndrome ( mds ) represents one of the most challenging health - related problems in the elderly , characterized by dysplastic morphology in the bone marrow in association with ineffective hematopoiesis .
hypoplastic mds ( h - mds ) accounts for 1217% of all patients with mds and has yet to be shown ... | [
2,
21997,
554,
90025,
5962,
110,
108,
704,
110,
144,
233,
2717,
445,
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143,
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267,
110,
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2822,
111,
148,
142,
5964,
422,
110,
107,
145,
127,
3234,
114,
620,
437,
113,
110,
144,
233,
8... |
bacteria of the genus actinomyces are gram - positive bacilli which generally colonize mouth , colon and vagina .
, if actinomycosis occurs , it often presents as an indolent , slowly progressive infection characterized by abscess formation , which can progress across tissue boundaries , can present with mass like feat... | actinomycosis is a slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic bacteria , primarily from the genus actinomyces .
primary actinomycosis of the breast is rare and presents as a mass like density which can mimic malignancy .
mammography , ultrasonography and histopathologic examination is required for diagnosis ... | [
2,
145,
799,
228,
1145,
113,
1708,
1787,
386,
38060,
1152,
15219,
113,
109,
4622,
110,
107,
115,
302,
1145,
106,
145,
374,
29529,
497,
38602,
16176,
66334,
15842,
24125,
110,
108,
162,
117,
606,
112,
1007,
1708,
1787,
386,
38060,
1152... |
indeed , while their short - term effects for acute exposure are well known [ 1 , 2 ] and some fatal cases [ 25 ] have been reported , chronicle exposures to these xenobiotics are not studied yet , even if toxic effects ( abortion and liver damage ) are suspected in people involved in these jobs .
in addition , scienti... | in this work , a new sensitive analytical method has been developed and evaluated for the determination of the most commonly used gaseous anesthetics , desflurane , sevoflurane , and this latter 's hepatic metabolite hexafluoroisopropanol ( hfip ) in the urine .
in addition , an evaluation of anesthetics exposition ... | [
2,
114,
221,
3787,
1356,
451,
124,
1907,
3181,
3766,
65267,
2928,
1503,
52966,
2977,
55260,
143,
13790,
2935,
110,
158,
148,
174,
1184,
115,
385,
112,
1735,
109,
13877,
113,
56575,
116,
115,
336,
111,
12454,
110,
107,
106,
109,
1382,
... |
in addition to being a crucial underlying circumstance in the primary cardiovascular risk factors ( cvrfs ) , obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular illness and mortality [ 1 , 2 ] . increased body mass index ( bmi ) alters the behavior of adipose tissue , which provides insulin resistance as well as ... | although obesity is a well - established cardiovascular risk factor , some controversy has arisen with regard to its effect on hospital mortality in patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome .
methods .
clinical and anthropometric variables were analyzed in patients consecutively admitted for acute coronary sy... | [
2,
145,
10082,
109,
1289,
317,
513,
2977,
4224,
143,
3027,
6120,
110,
158,
111,
2241,
12439,
115,
1044,
6305,
69808,
118,
9000,
23279,
8364,
110,
107,
106,
3027,
6120,
117,
142,
1991,
44777,
113,
2241,
12439,
115,
120,
114,
902,
3027,... |
in early november 2001 , a 57-year - old female laboratory worker ( laboratory worker 1 ) began experiencing nonspecific symptoms of malaise , vomiting , headache , lower leg cramping , anorexia , and fever .
one week after onset of symptoms , she was evaluated for severe headaches at a local emergency room , where cer... | we report two laboratory - acquired brucella melitensis infections that were shown to be epidemiologically related .
blood culture isolates were initially misidentified because of variable gram stain results , which led to misdiagnoses and subsequent laboratory exposures .
notifying laboratory personnel who unknow... | [
2,
115,
136,
3244,
110,
108,
109,
1116,
113,
84048,
18931,
55155,
110,
107,
110,
108,
162,
140,
7994,
41859,
115,
114,
13945,
5220,
115,
109,
5220,
113,
114,
9871,
121,
1019,
233,
459,
6214,
5631,
170,
148,
146,
174,
6878,
122,
109,... |
chikungunya virus ( chikv ) is an arthropod - borne virus belonging to the family , togaviridae , and genus , alphavirus . in this group of 29 viruses , six cause arthralgia and arthritis upon infection in humans .
these six viruses are chikv , ross river virus ( rrv ) , semliki forest virus ( sfv ) , onyong - nyong vi... | chikungunya virus , a re - emerging mosquito - borne alphavirus , causes fever , rash and persistent arthralgia / arthritis in humans .
severe outbreaks have occurred resulting in infections of millions of people in southeast asia and africa .
currently there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines for prevention and t... | [
2,
16589,
112,
909,
32922,
113,
110,
52691,
8213,
65313,
143,
21674,
50583,
110,
158,
115,
130,
2396,
110,
108,
18988,
111,
3119,
550,
2928,
2273,
186,
148,
174,
114,
9833,
820,
115,
109,
486,
113,
1857,
233,
17120,
3073,
110,
108,
... |
thousands of children and adolescents across the united states suffer from musculoskeletal conditions each year [ 1 , 2 ] .
common musculoskeletal conditions in children include cerebral palsy ( cp ) , congenital muscular torticollis ( cmt ) , duchenne muscular dystrophy , idiopathic clubfoot , idiopathic toe walking (... | children with musculoskeletal conditions experience muscle weakness , difficulty walking and limitations in physical activities .
standard treatment includes physiotherapy , casting , and surgery .
the use of botulinum toxins appears as a promising treatment on its own , but usually as an adjunct to other treatmen... | [
2,
1812,
124,
109,
5800,
110,
108,
1008,
110,
108,
111,
3819,
4019,
113,
56912,
3027,
144,
757,
233,
114,
115,
404,
122,
34075,
1047,
117,
5216,
110,
107,
106,
3027,
144,
757,
233,
114,
117,
5348,
112,
1329,
3526,
1383,
115,
114,
... |
the ability of mammals to respond to an inadequate o2 supply , commonly termed hypoxia , is crucial for their survival .
although a proper response to changed o2 tensions triggers adaptation , a number of pathological conditions or failures in the o2 response are associated with various diseases such as anemia , myocar... | hypoxia - inducible factors ( hifs ) , consisting of - and -subunits , are critical regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxia under both physiological and pathological conditions .
to a large extent , the protein stability and the recruitment of coactivators to the c - terminal transactivation domain of ... | [
2,
109,
37948,
5106,
40271,
17065,
2634,
143,
5124,
2619,
121,
110,
158,
233,
13398,
16064,
116,
127,
1065,
115,
623,
9590,
1994,
110,
108,
330,
72281,
50129,
110,
108,
81278,
110,
108,
110,
8723,
34764,
20547,
34261,
110,
108,
2201,
... |
although considered the gold standard for evaluating treatment effectiveness , randomized clinical trials ( rcts ) have important limitations .
because randomization removes potential bias from unknown and unmeasured confounders , observed differences in measured outcomes can be reasonably attributed to the treatment... | purposeto investigate equivalency of results from multivariable regression ( mr ) and propensity score matching ( psm ) models , observational research methods used to mitigate bias stemming from non - randomization ( and consequently unbalanced groups at baseline ) , using , as an example , a large study of chronic o... | [
2,
145,
731,
124,
114,
39147,
2135,
4555,
143,
891,
116,
208,
110,
158,
1382,
113,
109,
17934,
252,
143,
17934,
252,
233,
985,
791,
5800,
110,
158,
2827,
1280,
692,
110,
107,
106,
109,
891,
116,
208,
1382,
140,
3047,
118,
17934,
2... |
adult soft - shelled turtles ( 2 males and 4 females ) were purchased from a local supplier
tobun ( kamikita , japan ) .
all procedures were done in accordance with the guideline for care
and use of animal experiments and approved by the animal care and use committee at iwate
university .
the animals were anesthe... | in general , the nasal cavity of turtles is divided into two chambers : the upper chamber ,
lined with the olfactory epithelium containing ciliated olfactory receptor cells , and the
lower chamber , lined with the vomeronasal epithelium containing microvillous receptor
cells . in the nasal cavity of soft - shell... | [
2,
109,
19586,
17954,
113,
1607,
233,
66908,
19952,
117,
5215,
190,
228,
20432,
110,
151,
109,
2909,
7896,
111,
109,
1074,
7896,
110,
107,
106,
109,
84285,
113,
109,
2909,
7896,
117,
5924,
113,
17323,
2361,
5840,
2895,
39591,
124,
109... |
they are congenital benign tumor accounting for 15 - 20 % of intraventricular mass but only about 1% of intracranial ones ( 1 - 3 ) .
they can be diagnosed at any age but usually become symptomatic in the third to sixth decades and more common in men than women .
they usually found incidentally and are asymptomatic ; b... | colloid cysts are mucous - filled masses with an outer fibrous layer .
these cysts are rare developmental malformation and not a true neoplasm .
they usually found incidentally and are asymptomatic ; but in some cases may associate with rapid neurologic deterioration , herniation , and sudden death .
recognition... | [
2,
115,
136,
731,
110,
108,
145,
799,
114,
19230,
1019,
233,
459,
2955,
122,
5710,
113,
228,
488,
1753,
2281,
111,
976,
5220,
113,
24441,
47945,
37933,
115,
109,
776,
2037,
62233,
110,
107,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0... |
microbial contamination and side effects of synthetic antioxidants are two important major concerns of food and pharmaceutical industries .
increasing propensity for replacing synthetic antioxidant by natural one on one side and development of microbial resistance to existing antibiotics from the other has encouraged r... | bergenia ciliata sternb . , commonly known as paashaanbhed , is a well known herb of sikkim himalaya with various pharmaceutical properties .
however , scientific exploration of b. ciliata , growing in the sikkim himalaya , for phytochemicals and pharmacological properties is in infancy . with this view
, the pre... | [
2,
115,
109,
799,
692,
110,
108,
110,
71420,
2396,
110,
52484,
7962,
110,
108,
114,
281,
564,
1306,
113,
109,
110,
116,
50188,
208,
342,
42931,
110,
108,
148,
174,
10920,
118,
203,
7777,
817,
111,
71649,
9452,
110,
107,
106,
109,
... |
an 18-year - old male transferred to the emergency department presented loss of consciousness , cyanosis , and deteriorated vital signs . according to the rescue team transfer records , he called the control center himself because he was home alone .
he complained of aggravating dyspnea after eating dinner and of sudde... | spontaneous pneumothorax is a common clinical problem in emergency care .
however , the overall incidences of primary spontaneous pneumothorax has been reported from as low as 1.4% to 7.6% .
the clinical findings of simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax can be variable .
clinical presentation is variab... | [
2,
17754,
5668,
891,
24103,
66096,
11661,
757,
117,
114,
830,
1007,
113,
48315,
111,
12439,
115,
2280,
3025,
110,
107,
106,
145,
731,
114,
437,
113,
114,
1532,
122,
21147,
17754,
5668,
891,
24103,
66096,
11661,
757,
333,
142,
2148,
11... |
lung cancer is the main cause of cancer deaths both in poland and in the world .
non - small cell lung cancer accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers , and the progress in its treatment is still not very satisfactory . the therapeutic procedure of choice is surgery , but only every fifth patient qualifies for it .
t... | abnormalities of epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) in non - small - cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) patients consist of egfr overexpression and egfr ( her1 ) gene mutations .
structural dysfunction of the tyrosine kinase domain of egfr is associated with the clinical response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( tki )... | [
2,
156,
113,
109,
177,
10403,
5128,
118,
109,
791,
113,
609,
233,
360,
2201,
9577,
1695,
143,
3178,
16787,
21330,
110,
158,
117,
109,
80664,
874,
2634,
17323,
143,
24117,
16628,
110,
158,
110,
108,
162,
8759,
112,
109,
110,
420,
127... |
a 50 year male presented on july 2011 to the emergency department with right heel pain and inability to bear weight following falling from height . clinical examination revealed mild uniform swelling of the right heel and moderate tenderness with full ankle range of motion .
1 ) revealed undisplaced calcaneal fracture ... | introductionxanthoma ( or xanthofibroma ) is a benign proliferative lesion , mostly seen in soft tissue .
xanthoma of bone is very rare benign primary bone tumor , more frequently seen in men and in patients over 20 years of age .
histologically , it is characterized by mononuclear macrophage - like cells , abunda... | [
2,
145,
799,
114,
437,
692,
113,
114,
6415,
232,
459,
729,
6632,
122,
25206,
12042,
8647,
19236,
55419,
1579,
4499,
40864,
162,
1552,
165,
112,
129,
114,
110,
77442,
12047,
110,
107,
106,
450,
7464,
144,
49565,
4499,
51617,
140,
2303,... |
computational probe mapping is frequently
applied in structure - based
drug design ( sbdd ) to identify potential binding pockets along a protein
surface ( i.e. , hot spots ) . however , mapping is usually limited by the implementation
of gas - phase minimizations , wherein protein flexibility and solvent
com... | probe mapping is a common approach
for identifying potential binding
sites in structure - based drug design ; however , it typically relies
on energy minimizations of probes in the gas phase and a static protein
structure .
the mixed - solvent molecular dynamics ( mixmd ) approach was
recently developed to... | [
2,
109,
1000,
113,
136,
692,
117,
112,
14231,
3044,
233,
23179,
10403,
8530,
143,
1707,
208,
252,
110,
158,
18486,
113,
20026,
445,
116,
386,
115,
336,
111,
117,
554,
29921,
1321,
6045,
143,
110,
40602,
110,
158,
130,
114,
1356,
118... |
illness is a challenge to our physical , psychological and spiritual wellbeing that has repercussions on our identity and our social context . in a pathogenetic approach ,
diagnostic tests are used to look for the underlying disease and treatments are aimed at removing it .
a person is considered cured when the disease... | the purpose of this review is to discuss how a salutogenetic approach that takes into consideration the human being as physical , psychological and spiritual entity may provide some answers to the difficulties faced by healthcare systems .
the choice of medical intervention needs to take into account the technologic... | [
2,
109,
2186,
19107,
113,
4906,
4189,
110,
108,
109,
221,
291,
155,
3357,
2249,
1628,
4232,
141,
200,
115,
109,
1690,
111,
1184,
278,
5194,
110,
108,
319,
214,
122,
3357,
26449,
7977,
90927,
1170,
110,
107,
106,
465,
233,
27836,
302... |
oral lichen planus ( olp ) , a common mucocutaneous disease , was first described by wilson in 1869 .
poor described the formation of cavities in lichen planus of the mucosa , corresponding in character to subepithelial bullae and gougerot described the reticular , annular , plaque , ulcerated , dotted and sclerotic fo... | background : the etiology of oral lichen planus ( olp ) is not fully understood .
it is generally considered to be a t - cell mediated chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease .
there is increasing evidence that chronic inflammation is linked to the diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction and is involved... | [
2,
109,
1396,
113,
136,
692,
140,
112,
4783,
109,
868,
113,
81278,
115,
109,
66973,
113,
4868,
59061,
511,
1579,
143,
19214,
1379,
110,
158,
110,
108,
303,
17600,
12365,
9070,
112,
4135,
109,
1458,
7696,
118,
6542,
109,
3766,
261,
3... |
chf is not only the failure of the heart to generate sufficient cardiac output , but is a multisystemic disorder with immune activation leading to increased concentrations of several cytokines . in chf
several studies showed increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as tnf , interleukin ( il)-1 , il-6 ... | chronic heart failure ( chf ) is associated with elevated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) and cardiotrophin-1 ( ct-1 ) and altered peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( pbmc ) function .
therefore , we tested whether ct-1 induces tnf in pbmc of healthy volunteers .
ct-1 induced in pbmc tnf protein... | [
2,
115,
4906,
773,
2939,
143,
9210,
2073,
110,
158,
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54865,
386,
3364,
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110,
158,
117,
606,
112,
129,
1065,
115,
8973,
113,
9210,
2073,
110,
107,
115,
136,
692,
106,
145,
10920,
682,
110,
8932,
3364,
45492... |
a 48-year - old female patient 158 cm in weight weighing 53 kg was admitted to receive functional endoscopic sinus surgery and septoplasty for a diagnosis of chronic sinusitis and nasal septal deviation .
the patient was a non - smoker and her medical history stated that she had received an appendectomy one year prior ... | the occurrences of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are rare , but considered to be potentially life - threatening conditions in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia .
tracheobronchial rupture may results in serious complications , such as pneumothorax and pneumomediasti... | [
2,
2834,
1396,
110,
151,
2834,
115,
136,
800,
110,
108,
145,
731,
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437,
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1019,
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1590,
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956,
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110,
108,
111,
237,
1184,
891,
24103,
5196,
9715,
1332,
67015,
1... |
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