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It is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle.[citation needed] Since electrons are fermions, they cannot occupy the same quantum mechanical state as other electrons. When the electrons in a material are densely packed together, there are not enough lower energy quantum mechanical states for them all, so some of them must be in higher energy states. This means that it takes energy to pack them together. While this effect is manifested macroscopically as a structural force, it is technically only the result of the existence of a finite set of electron states.
How rare is the misconception that solid matter is rigid because of like charges?
[ "common" ]
[ 8 ]
[ "9ed7642d485d2a7db5922fb8a1ccb4d8484c03e7" ]
[ "Force" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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This combination of cancellations and σ and π overlaps results in dioxygen's double bond character and reactivity, and a triplet electronic ground state. An electron configuration with two unpaired electrons as found in dioxygen (see the filled π* orbitals in the diagram), orbitals that are of equal energy—i.e., degenerate—is a configuration termed a spin triplet state. Hence, the ground state of the O2 molecule is referred to as triplet oxygen.[b] The highest energy, partially filled orbitals are antibonding, and so their filling weakens the bond order from three to two. Because of its unpaired electrons, triplet oxygen reacts only slowly with most organic molecules, which have paired electron spins; this prevents spontaneous combustion.
Which orbitals are only partially filled in O2?
[ "highest energy" ]
[ 457 ]
[ "628e029184cda2f1a5de0e8b4180a602c7f846c0" ]
[ "Oxygen" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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where is the relevant cross-sectional area for the volume for which the stress-tensor is being calculated. This formalism includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area (the matrix diagonals of the tensor) as well as shear terms associated with forces that act parallel to the cross-sectional area (the off-diagonal elements). The stress tensor accounts for forces that cause all strains (deformations) including also tensile stresses and compressions.:133–134:38-1–38-11
A deformation is also a?
[ "strains" ]
[ 425 ]
[ "c78a17f8098786c6ea4bfb6e87c33f223ee41e94" ]
[ "Force" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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Today, Warsaw has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe. The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI), the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland, as well as an active research and education center. While the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology it is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe. The clinical section is located in a 10-floor building with 700 beds, 10 operating theatres, an intensive care unit, several diagnostic departments as well as an outpatient clinic. The infrastructure has developed a lot over the past years.
what is the first field of service mentioned?
[ "medical" ]
[ 35 ]
[ "5cb18431bd623f4c95a834cea4a5dd7bf96281ba" ]
[ "Warsaw" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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Breathing pure O2 in space applications, such as in some modern space suits, or in early spacecraft such as Apollo, causes no damage due to the low total pressures used. In the case of spacesuits, the O2 partial pressure in the breathing gas is, in general, about 30 kPa (1.4 times normal), and the resulting O2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood is only marginally more than normal sea-level O2 partial pressure (for more information on this, see space suit and arterial blood gas).
Aside from spacecrafts, where else is it safe to breathe in O2 if you are an astronaut?
[ "modern space suits" ]
[ 57 ]
[ "b027c410e3958d9c33447c609d235a19e774dedf" ]
[ "Oxygen" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs. In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George Low suggested the bold step of sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon instead, deferring the D mission to the next mission in March 1969, and eliminating the E mission. This would keep the program on track. The Soviet Union had sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968, aboard Zond 5, and it was believed they might soon repeat the feat with human cosmonauts. The decision was not announced publicly until successful completion of Apollo 7. Gemini veterans Frank Borman and James Lovell, and rookie William Anders captured the world's attention by making 10 lunar orbits in 20 hours, transmitting television pictures of the lunar surface on Christmas Eve, and returning safely to Earth.
Which of the following is not an astronaut: McDivitt, Low, or Schweickart?
[ "Low" ]
[ 319 ]
[ "03ef658451ce822a2c18e33741c2c14557744ebe" ]
[ "Apollo_program" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa [varˈʂava] ( listen); see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.740 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 2.666 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover 516.9 square kilometres (199.6 sq mi), while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.43 square kilometres (2,355.39 sq mi).
What distinguishes Warsaw among Poland's cities?
[ "largest" ]
[ 88 ]
[ "b6699237b71af49ad207f2bb6ade705d1ab7c392" ]
[ "Warsaw" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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Warsaw's first stock exchange was established in 1817 and continued trading until World War II. It was re-established in April 1991, following the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy. Today, the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) is, according to many indicators, the largest market in the region, with 374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR as of 31 August 2009. From 1991 until 2000, the stock exchange was, ironically, located in the building previously used as the headquarters of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).
What was reappropriated for use?
[ "headquarters of the Polish United Workers' Party" ]
[ 553 ]
[ "76705b13e17014f30c39c9bc440b0850f8f0b761" ]
[ "Warsaw" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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The Daily Mail newspaper reported in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants' "Sky TV bills to establish if a woman in receipt of benefits as a single mother is wrongly claiming to be living alone" – as, it claimed, subscription to sports channels would betray a man's presence in the household. In December, the UK’s parliament heard a claim that a subscription to BSkyB was ‘often damaging’, along with alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits on a "Welfare Cash Card", in the style of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, that could be used to buy only "essentials".
A subscription to BSkyB was described to damage an individual in many ways, in addition to which vice that is primarily involved with the potential to earn money?
[ "gambling" ]
[ 455 ]
[ "b407409dd3fea2022ba487aa9f451a9577386cd5" ]
[ "Sky_(United_Kingdom)" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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For most of human history higher material living standards – full stomachs, access to clean water and warmth from fuel – led to better health and longer lives. This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in recent decades it has slowed down among middle income countries and plateaued among the richest thirty or so countries in the world. Americans live no longer on average (about 77 years in 2004) than Greeks (78 years) or New Zealanders (78), though the USA has a higher GDP per capita. Life expectancy in Sweden (80 years) and Japan (82) – where income was more equally distributed – was longer.
Who has the same life expectancy?
[ "Greeks (78 years) or New Zealanders (78)" ]
[ 518 ]
[ "d8e912cc372097105d5c3a1366c64079b917a6ca" ]
[ "Economic_inequality" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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St. George's United Methodist Church, located at the corner of 4th and New Streets, in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States, beginning in 1769. The congregation was founded in 1767, meeting initially in a sail loft on Dock Street, and in 1769 it purchased the shell of a building which had been erected in 1763 by a German Reformed congregation. At this time, Methodists had not yet broken away from the Anglican Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church was not founded until 1784.
Which church did not purchase the shell of a building in 1769, St. George's United Methodist Church or the Methodist Episcopal Church?
[ "the Methodist Episcopal Church" ]
[ 500 ]
[ "b0edb1fbc695f23e6cbe49a851d4915d29a28671" ]
[ "United_Methodist_Church" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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A constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President. A referendum to vote on the proposed constitution was held on 4 August 2010, and the new constitution passed by a wide margin. Among other things, the new constitution delegates more power to local governments and gives Kenyans a bill of rights. It was promulgated on 27 August 2010 at a euphoric ceremony in Nairobi's Uhuru Park, accompanied by a 21-gun salute. The event was attended by various African leaders and praised by the international community. As of that day, the new constitution heralding the Second Republic came into force.
What in the radical divergence from the previous set of guidelines that was instituted in the summer of 2010 seeks to redress injustices?
[ "bill of rights" ]
[ 376 ]
[ "82fcddfa6bb50783cf219caec9521499848e20ce" ]
[ "Kenya" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox. If the water level drops, such that the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly, the lead melts and the steam escapes, warning the operators, who may then manually suppress the fire. Except in the smallest of boilers the steam escape has little effect on dampening the fire. The plugs are also too small in area to lower steam pressure significantly, depressurizing the boiler. If they were any larger, the volume of escaping steam would itself endanger the crew.[citation needed]
Who has to make changes when the lead melts and steam escapes?
[ "operators" ]
[ 220 ]
[ "040af11bdd098a3f9c962148bcf79076c49afa94" ]
[ "Steam_engine" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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According to the Secret History, Temüjin again offered his friendship to Jamukha, asking him to return to his side. Temüjin had killed the men who betrayed Jamukha, stating that he did not want disloyal men in his army. Jamukha refused the offer of friendship and reunion, saying that there can only be one sun in the sky, and he asked for a noble death. The custom is to die without spilling blood, which is granted by breaking the back. Jamukha requested this form of death, despite the fact that in the past Jamukha had been known to have boiled his opponents' generals alive.
Who was the opponent general to Jamukha?
[ "Temüjin" ]
[ 33 ]
[ "d8bb784978769c5d9bce8706823662c0ef422296" ]
[ "Genghis_Khan" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
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The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte, is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast. The glaucophyte chloroplast group is the smallest of the three primary chloroplast lineages, being found in only 13 species, and is thought to be the one that branched off the earliest. Glaucophytes have chloroplasts that retain a peptidoglycan wall between their double membranes, like their cyanobacterial parent. For this reason, glaucophyte chloroplasts are also known as muroplasts. Glaucophyte chloroplasts also contain concentric unstacked thylakoids, which surround a carboxysome - an icosahedral structure that glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in. The starch that they synthesize collects outside the chloroplast. Like cyanobacteria, glaucophyte chloroplast thylakoids are studded with light collecting structures called phycobilisomes. For these reasons, glaucophyte chloroplasts are considered a primitive intermediate between cyanobacteria and the more evolved chloroplasts in red algae and plants.
What is Cyanophora considered?
[ "glaucophyte" ]
[ 23 ]
[ "2b6ed768e04d77f1a4dd9e81d0c46db46f969d53" ]
[ "Chloroplast" ]
[ "validation" ]
[ "Combined" ]
[ 1.3486328125, -5.74609375, -6.52734375, -5.68359375, -6.796875, -5.609375, -6.2890625, -5.578125, -2.79296875, -2.666015625, -4.6484375, -1.078125, -3.646484375, -2.4453125, 5.0859375, 6.25, -0.98681640625, -0.59423828125, -3.59765625, -2.6875, -0.6064453125, -4.1171875, ...
[ 1.5341796875, -5.65625, -7.1640625, -7.05078125, -6.2890625, -6.07421875, -7.140625, -5.6171875, -6.12109375, -6.390625, -4.5546875, -5.40234375, -2.814453125, -3.763671875, -3.30078125, -2.537109375, -2.1171875, 6.51953125, 0.587890625, -5.65625, -4.69921875, -6.53515625, ...
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Dataset Card for AutoTrain Evaluator

This repository contains model predictions generated by AutoTrain for the following task and dataset:

  • Task: Question Answering
  • Model: deepset/deberta-v3-large-squad2
  • Dataset: adversarial_qa
  • Config: adversarialQA
  • Split: validation

To run new evaluation jobs, visit Hugging Face's automatic model evaluator.

Contributions

Thanks to @mbartolo for evaluating this model.

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