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The glass collection covers 4000 years of glass making, and has over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia. The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt and continues through the Ancient Roman, Medieval, Renaissance covering areas such as Venetian glass and Bohemian glass and more rece... | Where did the earliest item in the V&A glass collection come from? | [
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The embargo was not uniform across Europe. Of the nine members of the European Economic Community (EEC), the Netherlands faced a complete embargo, the UK and France received almost uninterrupted supplies (having refused to allow America to use their airfields and embargoed arms and supplies to both the Arabs and the Is... | Harold WInston's supported which country's during its six day war? | [
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The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy by causing immediate demands to address the threats to U.S. energy security. On an international level, the price increases changed competitive positions in many industries, such as automobiles. Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary... | Which problem consists of both inflationary and deflationary impacts? | [
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In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the wor... | How effective was the military use of the "Afghan Arabs"? | [
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The companion figure – generally a human – has been a constant feature in Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963. One of the roles of the companion is to remind the Doctor of his "moral duty". The Doctor's first companions seen on screen were his granddaughter Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford) and her teacher... | What was the occupation of Doctor Who's other (non-related) companions? | [
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The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized, in particular the agglomerations Cologne, Düsseldorf and Ruhr area. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the most important cities in this region is... | What does the Wessel-Datteln canal run parallel to? | [
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Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged "wrong" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil di... | What famous Indian's actions were considered civil disobedience? | [
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The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump to recycle or top up the boiler water, so that they may be run continuously. Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler feed water is an in... | What types of pumps are typically used in industrial boilers? | [
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Methodist institutions may be named after a biblical figure (e.g., "St. James UMC"). Methodists also honor notable heroes and heroines of the Christian faith and look to these prominent saints as providing examples of holy living and commitment to Christ that are worthy of imitation (see 1 Corinthians 11:1). Such exemp... | Who is Methodism's revered founder? | [
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Like sponges and cnidarians, ctenophores have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material, which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians and ctenophores; more complex animals have three main cell layers and no intermediate jelly-like layer. Hence ctenophores and cnidarians have traditional... | Ctenophores, cnidarians and what other group are labelled diploblastic? | [
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Datanet 1 was the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom (now known as KPN). Strictly speaking Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines (using the X.121 DNIC 2041), the name also referred to the public PAD service Telepad (using the DNIC 2049). And because ... | Who else did DATNET 1 refer to | [
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The "freedom to provide services" under TFEU article 56 applies to people who give services "for remuneration", especially commercial or professional activity. For example, in Van Binsbergen v Bestuur van de Bedrijfvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid a Dutch lawyer moved to Belgium while advising a client in a social s... | What did the Court of Justice reason were controlled in all member states in Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht? | [
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As Jamukha and Temüjin drifted apart in their friendship, each began consolidating power, and soon became rivals. Jamukha supported the traditional Mongolian aristocracy, while Temüjin followed a meritocratic method, and attracted a broader, though lower class, range of followers. Due to his earlier defeat of the Merki... | Where was Temüjin's patron Toghrul exiled? | [
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The 2013–14 season was a slight improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Resurrection, all of which were renewed; however, that season saw the cancellations of holdovers The Neighbors (which languished in its new Friday time slot despite being bookended by Last Man Standing a... | What program that aired between Last Man Standing and Shark Tank was cancelled by ABC in 2013? | [
"The Neighbors",
"The Neighbors",
"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D"
] | [
214,
214,
90
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The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr. on the Denver 35-yard line on their second offensive play. But the Broncos defense halted the drive on the 26-yard line, and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 4... | Who did Newton get a pass to in the Panther starting plays of Super Bowl 50? | [
"Ted Ginn Jr",
"Ted Ginn Jr."
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A new arrangement of the theme, once again by Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas special episode, "Voyage of the Damned"; Gold returned as composer for the 2010 series. He was responsible for a new version of the theme which was reported to have had a hostile reception from some viewers. In 2011, the theme tune... | What radio station did the Doctor Who theme reach the charts on in 2011? | [
"Classic FM",
"Classic FM's Hall of Fame",
"Classic FM's Hall of Fame"
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360,
360,
360
] | [
"5728185f3acd2414000df45d",
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There are several ways to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching. Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring, changing the work environment, and offering promotions and bonuses, may be effective in helping to reduce occupational stress among teachers... | What is stress-management training considered to be? | [
"Individual-level interventions",
"Individual-level interventions",
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The IPCC process on climate change and its efficiency and success has been compared with dealings with other environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol has been successful, in case of Climate Change, the Kyoto Pr... | What did the Kyoto Protocol try to address? | [
"Climate Change",
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A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. Various hypotheses have been promoted. The nickname may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besançon Hugues (died 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism in his time, using a clever derogatory pun on the name... | What Swiss city was the center of the Calvinist movement? | [
"Geneva",
"Geneva",
"Geneva"
] | [
547,
547,
547
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"57106185b654c5140001f8dd",
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Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966. Gemini missions developed some of the space travel techniques that were necessary for the success of the Apollo missions. Apollo used Saturn family rockets as launch vehicles. Apollo/Saturn ve... | Who did the U.S. collaborate with on an Earth orbit mission in 1975? | [
"Soviet Union",
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"Soviet Union",
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349,
542
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In early 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular" and that it would be "an important game for us as a league". | Who was the NFL Commissioner in early 2012? | [
"Roger Goodell",
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"Goodell"
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32,
32,
38
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One of the main functions of the chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis, the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy, to subsequently produce food in the form of sugars. Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen (O2) is made, using light energy. Photosyn... | What is chemical energy used to produce in plants? | [
"food in the form of sugars",
"light",
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97,
164
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"572974923f37b3190047840d",
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In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment. In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57–60 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side. Tesla's work for Edison began wi... | Where was the Continental Edison Company located? | [
"France",
"in France",
"France"
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67,
64,
67
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The succession of Genghis Khan was already a significant topic during the later years of his reign, as he reached old age. The long running paternity discussion about Genghis' oldest son Jochi was particularly contentious because of the seniority of Jochi among the brothers. According to traditional historical accounts... | Before which military campaign did Chagatai publicly dispute Jochi's paternity? | [
"invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire",
"invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire",
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Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that "although civil disobedients are constrained in their... | What side effect of these type of protests is unfortunate? | [
"coercion",
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The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley, a priest of the Church of England, because of the crisis caused by the American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England and its sacraments. Today, the clergy includes men and women who are ordained by bishops as elders an... | Elders in full connection are each a member of what? | [
"Annual Conference Order of Elders",
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Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs. In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George L... | What did Low suggest using Apollo 8 for instead of simply orbiting the Earth's surface? | [
"orbit the Moon",
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Tesla was the fourth of five children. He had an older brother named Dane and three sisters, Milka, Angelina and Marica. Dane was killed in a horse-riding accident when Nikola was five. In 1861, Tesla attended the "Lower" or "Primary" School in Smiljan where he studied German, arithmetic, and religion. In 1862, the Tes... | Where did the family move in 1862? | [
"Gospić, Austrian Empire",
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A few galleries were redesigned in the 1990s including the Indian, Japanese, Chinese, iron work, the main glass galleries and the main silverware gallery which was further enhanced in 2002 when some of the Victorian decoration was recreated. This included two of the ten columns having their ceramic decoration replaced ... | What was restored in the sculpture gallery during its renovated in 2006? | [
"mosaic floors",
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In most countries, the dispensary is subject to pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc., specified in legislation. Where it was once the case that pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend tow... | What are new responsibilities pharmacy technicians now deal with? | [
"patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues",
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A few galleries were redesigned in the 1990s including the Indian, Japanese, Chinese, iron work, the main glass galleries and the main silverware gallery which was further enhanced in 2002 when some of the Victorian decoration was recreated. This included two of the ten columns having their ceramic decoration replaced ... | Who designed the new Medieval and Renaissance galleries which opened in 2009? | [
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After a chloroplast polypeptide is synthesized on a ribosome in the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins phosphorylates, or adds a phosphate group to many (but not all) of them in their transit sequences. Phosphorylation helps many proteins bind the polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely. This ... | What is the benefit of polypeptide binding? | [
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It has been claimed that the transmission of the first episode was delayed by ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy the previous day; whereas in fact it went out after a delay of eighty seconds. The BBC believed that many viewers had missed this introduction to a... | When did the BBC rebroadcast the first episode of Doctor Who? | [
"30 November 1963",
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The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy by causing immediate demands to address the threats to U.S. energy security. On an international level, the price increases changed competitive positions in many industries, such as automobiles. Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary... | On an international level, which industry's competitive positions is affected? | [
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Doctor Who originally ran for 26 seasons on BBC One, from 23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989. During the original run, each weekly episode formed part of a story (or "serial") — usually of four to six parts in earlier years and three to four in later years. Notable exceptions were: The Daleks' Master Plan, which ai... | When was the last episode of the original series? | [
"6 December 1989",
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The acme of the horizontal engine was the Corliss steam engine, patented in 1849, which was a four-valve counter flow engine with separate steam admission and exhaust valves and automatic variable steam cutoff. When Corliss was given the Rumford medal the committee said that "no one invention since Watt's time has so e... | How many valves did the Corliss engine use? | [
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Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason, the Carolina Panthers had their best regular season in franchise history, becoming the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule... | What team had the best start ever in the NFL? | [
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In 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion. Watt's ten-horsepower engines enabled a wide range of manufacturing machinery to be powered. The engines could be sited anywhere that water and coal or wood fuel could be obtained. By 1883, engines that could provide 10,000 hp had become... | What was the steam engine an important component of? | [
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After this, Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000) fled to surrounding Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia — whose Calvinist Great Elector Frederick William welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. Following thi... | Which central European country had a Calvinist ruler? | [
"Prussia",
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The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn, close to the Dutch-German border with the division of the Rhine into Waal and Nederrijn. Since the Rhine contributes most of the water, the shorter term Rhine Delta is commonly used. However, this name is also... | What is the name of the Delta in the Netherlands? | [
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Concentrated O
2 will allow combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically. Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen will act as a fuel; and therefore the design and manufacture of O
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The merger between ABC and Capital Cities received federal approval on September 5, 1985. After the ABC/Capital Cities merger was finalized on January 3, 1986, the combined company – which became known as Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. – added four television stations (WPVI-TV/Philadelphia, KTRK-TV/Houston, KFSN-TV/Fresno an... | After the merger between ABC and Capital Cities was completed, what was the resulting company known as? | [
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On April 14, 2011, ABC canceled the long-running soap operas All My Children and One Life to Live after 41 and 43 years on the air, respectively (following backlash from fans, ABC sold the rights to both shows to Prospect Park, which eventually revived the soaps on Hulu for one additional season in 2013 and with both c... | Who did ABC sell the rights to All My Children and One Life to Live to? | [
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The historic heart of Newcastle is the Grainger Town area. Established on classical streets built by Richard Grainger, a builder and developer, between 1835 and 1842, some of Newcastle upon Tyne's finest buildings and streets lie within this area of the city centre including Grainger Market, Theatre Royal, Grey Street,... | What is the historic heart of Newcastle? | [
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The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity. The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols, the higher they were placed, the more the held out, the lower they were ranked. The Nort... | Which part of China had people ranked higher in the class system? | [
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Effects of inequality researchers have found include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, a lower level of economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption, and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumptio... | Why does a lower level of economic growth occur due to high-end consumption? | [
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The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa. The Prince of Płock, Bolesław II of ... | When was the settlement which would become Warsaw established? | [
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Tamara de Lempicka was a famous artist born in Warsaw. She was born Maria Górska in Warsaw to wealthy parents and in 1916 married a Polish lawyer Tadeusz Łempicki. Better than anyone else she represented the Art Deco style in painting and art. Nathan Alterman, the Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw, as was Moshe Vilenski... | Who loved Warsaw so much that he kept putting it in his novels? | [
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Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices. In his many notes on the early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage to various causes. He believed early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays, but by the ozone generated in c... | what did Tesla think nitrous acid contributed to? | [
"skin damage",
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This vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s.[citation needed] After decades of neglect and suburban flight, the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970s, which at tha... | During what period did the Tower Theatre re-open? | [
"late 1970s",
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In late November 2015, reports surfaced stating that "multiple acts" would perform during the halftime show. On December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyoncé, who headlined the Super Bowl XLV... | Who lead the halftime show of Super Bowl 50? | [
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Plastoglobuli were once thought to be free-floating in the stroma, but it is now thought that they are permanently attached either to a thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid, a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network. In normal green chloro... | What are Plastoglobuli attached to? | [
"either to a thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid",
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"thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid"
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134,
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As a result, by 1206 Temüjin had managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other disparate smaller tribes under his rule. It was a monumental feat for the "Mongols" (as they became known collectively). At a Khuruldai, a council of Mongol chiefs, Temüjin was acknowledged as... | Who gave Genghis Khan the title Khadan? | [
"Ögedei",
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"Ögedei"
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Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities in the form of carbon dioxide (CO
2). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon (silica SiO
2, as found in granite and quartz), aluminium (aluminium oxide Al
2O
3, in bauxite and corundum), iron (iron(III) oxide Fe
2O
3, in hematite a... | What part of the Earth is composed of mostly of silicates of iron and magnesium? | [
"mantle",
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The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of unification of disparate ideas. For example, Isaac Newton unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics in his universal theory of gravitation.... | What kind of self-consistent models are physicists trying to make that would create a theory of everything? | [
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The mid 1890s saw the conglomerate General Electric, backed by financier J. P. Morgan, involved in takeover attempts and patent battles with Westinghouse Electric. Although a patent-sharing agreement was signed between the two companies in 1896 Westinghouse was still cash-strapped from the financial warfare. To secure ... | How much had Westinghouse paid to Tesla, Brown and Peck? | [
"an estimated $200,000 in licenses and royalties",
"estimated $200,000",
"an estimated $200,000"
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There have been debates as to whether civil disobedience must necessarily be non-violent. Black's Law Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience. Christian Bay's encyclopedia article states that civil disobedience requires "carefully chosen and legitimate means," but holds that they do not... | When violence is used, what is civil disobedience sometimes called? | [
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It is conjectured that a progressive decline in hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals. Conversely, some hormones are regulated by the immune system, notably thyroid hormone activity. The age-related decline in immune function is also related to decreasing vi... | Older people get less sun and produce less of what chemical via UVB radiation? | [
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Since its foundation, the Treaties sought to enable people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement. Reflecting the economic nature of the project, the European Community originally focused upon free movement of workers: as a "factor of production". However, from the 1970s, this focus shifted tow... | Which entity focused upon the free movement of workers? | [
"the European Community",
"the European Community",
"the European Community"
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In July 1968, ABC Radio launched a special programming project for its FM stations, which was spearheaded by Allen Shaw, a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal to develop a format to compete with the new progressive rock and DJ-helmed stations. The new conce... | Who was the ABC Radio president in 1968? | [
"Harold L. Neal",
"Harold L. Neal",
"Harold L. Neal"
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207,
207,
207
] | [
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In southern Europe, the stage was set in the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of the Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP (million years before present). The present Mediterranean Sea descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea. At abou... | Microplates squeezing and rotating created the features of what? | [
"Mediterranean geography",
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"Mediterranean geography"
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697,
697,
697
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In the spring of 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians. His orders were to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British. Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier, but where Céloron had limited the record of ... | What native chief travelled to French fort and threatened Marin? | [
"the Mingo",
"Tanaghrisson",
"Tanaghrisson",
"Tanaghrisson",
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834,
809,
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809,
809
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The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In ma... | What are the two major subsystems of the immune system? | [
"innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system",
"innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system",
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Sports programming is also provided on some weekend afternoons at any time from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time (9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Pacific) and, during college football season, during prime time on Saturday nights as part of the Saturday Night Football package. Due to the erratic and (outside of college football s... | During summers, for what tournaments does ABC air highlight programs? | [
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Although most are non-aligned, some of the best known independent schools also belong to the large, long-established religious foundations, such as the Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not insist on their students’ religious allegiance. These schools are typically view... | What denomination operates St Joseph's College? | [
"Catholic",
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Martin Luther was born to Hans Luder (or Ludher, later Luther) and his wife Margarethe (née Lindemann) on 10 November 1483 in Eisleben, Saxony, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was baptized as a Catholic the next morning on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours. His family moved to Mansfeld in 1484, where his fath... | Where was Luther born? | [
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Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen mode was an important part of ... | Who was hired to be the deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight? | [
"Joseph Shea",
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In the course of the 10th century, the initially destructive incursions of Norse war bands into the rivers of France evolved into more permanent encampments that included local women and personal property. The Duchy of Normandy, which began in 911 as a fiefdom, was established by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte betw... | When was the Duchy of Normandy founded? | [
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Philosophers in antiquity used the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines, but thinkers such as Aristotle and Archimedes retained fundamental errors in understanding force. In part this was due to an incomplete understanding of the sometimes non-obvious force of friction, and... | Who had mathmatical insite? | [
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The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France. They were descended from Norse ("Norman" comes from "Norseman") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agree... | From which countries did the Norse originate? | [
"Denmark, Iceland and Norway",
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"Denmark, Iceland and Norway"
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256
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The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare, cutting off resources for cities and towns by diverting certain rivers, taking enemy prisoners and driving them in front of the army, and adopting new ideas, techniques and tools from the people they conquered, particularly in employing Muslim and Chinese siege ... | How did Mongol armies lure enemy groups out of their defensive positions? | [
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In 2005, parts of the Amazon basin experienced the worst drought in one hundred years, and there were indications that 2006 could have been a second successive year of drought. A July 23, 2006 article in the UK newspaper The Independent reported Woods Hole Research Center results showing that the forest in its present ... | In what year did the Amazon experience its worst drought of recent history? | [
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The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources. According to IPCC guidelines, authors should give priority to peer-reviewed sources. Authors may refer to non-peer-reviewed source... | What does the IPCC not do? | [
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A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. Examples include the Huguenot District and Fr... | The French church in Portarlington was built when? | [
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The first commercially successful true engine, in that it could generate power and transmit it to a machine, was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712. It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin. Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most... | What was the first true engine that was commercially successful? | [
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For a long time, number theory in general, and the study of prime numbers in particular, was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics, with no applications outside of the self-interest of studying the topic with the exception of use of prime numbered gear teeth to distribute wear evenly. In particular, number ... | Besides public key cryptography, what is another application for prime numbers? | [
"hash tables and pseudorandom number generators",
"hash tables",
"hash tables and pseudorandom number generators",
"hash tables"
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664,
664,
664,
664
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"Prime_number",
"Prime_number",
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The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories. Most Canadians have access to at least one U.S.-based ABC affiliate, either over-the-air (in areas located within proximity to the Canada–United States border) or through a c... | ABC news provides content for radio stations owned by what company? | [
"Citadel Broadcasting",
"Citadel Broadcasting",
"Citadel Broadcasting"
] | [
768,
768,
768
] | [
"57267f1cdd62a815002e8744",
"57267f1cdd62a815002e8744",
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"American_Broadcasting_Company",
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The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many nations are within the Amazon Basin? | [
"nine nations",
"nine",
"nine"
] | [
515,
515,
515
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"5729e2316aef0514001550c6",
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"Amazon_rainforest",
"Amazon_rainforest",
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Martin Luther was born to Hans Luder (or Ludher, later Luther) and his wife Margarethe (née Lindemann) on 10 November 1483 in Eisleben, Saxony, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was baptized as a Catholic the next morning on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours. His family moved to Mansfeld in 1484, where his fath... | What profession did Martin's father want his son to pursue? | [
"lawyer",
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] | [
870,
870,
870
] | [
"56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292",
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After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy. Many came from the region of the Cévennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozère. This was a huge influx as the entir... | What declaration predicated the emigration of Huguenot refugees? | [
"the revocation of the Edict of Nantes",
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] | [
6,
6,
28
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One of the things Tesla developed at that laboratory in 1887 was an induction motor that ran on alternating current, a power system format that was starting to be built in Europe and the United States because of its advantages in long-distance, high-voltage transmission. The motor used polyphase current which generated... | When was Tesla's innovative motor patented? | [
"May 1888",
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"May 1888"
] | [
464,
461,
464
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There are also several smaller freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge. However, the interstate trunk routes, as well as a number of branch lines in the west of the state have been... | Where were the narrow gauge rail lines built in Victoria? | [
"mountainous areas",
"mountainous areas",
"mountainous areas"
] | [
531,
531,
531
] | [
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A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that, by their own definition of violence ("any act[s] which may cause physical and/or psychological injury, hurt or death to persons, animals or property, whether intentional or accidental") Doctor Who was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation p... | What publication did Philip Howard work for? | [
"The Times newspaper",
"The Times",
"The Times newspaper"
] | [
499,
499,
499
] | [
"5727fed73acd2414000df1a5",
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Grissom, White, and Chaffee decided to name their flight Apollo 1 as a motivational focus on the first manned flight. They trained and conducted tests of their spacecraft at North American, and in the altitude chamber at the Kennedy Space Center. A "plugs-out" test was planned for January, which would simulate a launch... | What other location did Apollo 1 test at besides Kennedy Space Center? | [
"North American",
"North American",
"North American",
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] | [
174,
174,
174,
174
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To make new legislation, TFEU article 294 defines the "ordinary legislative procedure" that applies for most EU acts. The essence is there are three readings, starting with a Commission proposal, where the Parliament must vote by a majority of all MEPs (not just those present) to block or suggest changes, and the Counc... | Is it easier or harder to change EU law than stay the same? | [
"harder",
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"harder",
"harder"
] | [
861,
861,
861,
861
] | [
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The total number of seats in the Parliament are allocated to parties proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method. For example, to determine who is awarded the first list seat, the number of list votes cast for each party is divided by one plus the number of s... | How is the process of allocating seats repeated until all available seats have been determined? | [
"iteratively",
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] | [
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545,
545
] | [
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Tesla served as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers) of the modern-day IEEE, from 1892 to 1894. | What organization did Tesla serve as vice president of? | [
"American Institute of Electrical Engineers",
"the American Institute of Electrical Engineers",
"American Institute of Electrical Engineers"
] | [
40,
36,
40
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The origin of the legendary figure is not fully known. The best-known legend, by Artur Oppman, is that long ago two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey through the depths of the oceans and seas. One of them decided to stay on the coast of Denmark and can be seen sitting at the entrance to the port of Copenhagen.... | Where did two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey through? | [
"depths of the oceans and seas",
"depths of the oceans and seas",
"depths of the oceans and seas"
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171,
171,
171
] | [
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1.3671875,
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3.75,
1.37890625,
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Firstly, certain costs are difficult to avoid and are shared by everyone, such as the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care. If the state does not provide these services, then for those on lower incomes, the costs must be borrowed and often those on lower incomes are those who are worse equipped to mana... | How are the certain costs which are difficult to avoid shared? | [
"by everyone",
"by everyone"
] | [
61,
61
] | [
"572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5",
"572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5"
] | [
"Economic_inequality",
"Economic_inequality"
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University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement in legal analysis, the Chicago school of literary criticism, the Chicago school of religion, and the beh... | University of Chicago scholars played a major part in what development? | [
"the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction",
"the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction",
"various academic disciplines",
"various academic disciplines"
] | [
404,
404,
78,
78
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"57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc"
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"University_of_Chicago",
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The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes (amino acids and/or sugars) on the surface of the pathogen, while keeping essential epitopes concealed. This is called antigenic variation. An example is HIV, which mutates rap... | What compounds can be masked with the molecules of the host cell in order for a virus to evade detection? | [
"antigens",
"antigens",
"antigens"
] | [
728,
728,
728
] | [
"572a0e4b6aef051400155217",
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"Immune_system",
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Apicoplasts have lost all photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids. They are bounded by four membranes, but the membranes are not connected to the endoplasmic reticulum. The fact that apicomplexans still keep their nonphotosynthetic chloroplast around demonstrates how the chlor... | What are apicoplasts missing? | [
"all photosynthetic function",
"photosynthetic function",
"photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids"
] | [
22,
26,
66
] | [
"5729645b3f37b31900478324",
"5729645b3f37b31900478324",
"5729645b3f37b31900478324"
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"Chloroplast",
"Chloroplast",
"Chloroplast"
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On 1 July 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council, and the absolute independence of Victoria from New South Wales was established proclaiming a new Colony of Victoria. Days later, still in 1851 gold was discovered near Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo. Later discoveries ... | How much did the population of Victoria increase in ten years after the discovery of gold? | [
"sevenfold",
"sevenfold",
"76,000 to 540,000"
] | [
544,
544,
559
] | [
"570d4329fed7b91900d45dda",
"570d4329fed7b91900d45dda",
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"Victoria_(Australia)",
"Victoria_(Australia)",
"Victoria_(Australia)"
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After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney. The first European settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October ... | What name was given to the western half of the colony? | [
"New Holland",
"New Holland",
"New Holland"
] | [
151,
151,
151
] | [
"570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15",
"570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15",
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Major roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass), stretching north to Edinburgh and south to London; the A19 heading south past Sunderland and Middlesbrough to York and Doncaster; the A69 heading west to Carlisle; the A696, which becomes the A68 heads past Newcastle Airport and up through cen... | What major Newcastle road stretches from Edinburgh to London? | [
"the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass)",
"A1",
"the A1"
] | [
32,
36,
32
] | [
"57268d1b708984140094c9cd",
"57268d1b708984140094c9cd",
"57268d1b708984140094c9cd"
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"Newcastle_upon_Tyne",
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne",
"Newcastle_upon_Tyne"
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Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans. He intended his vigorous, direct language to make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans, "for we are removing impediments and difficulties so that other people may read it without hind... | What group did Luther want to understand his works? | [
"everyday Germans",
"everyday Germans",
"everyday Germans"
] | [
207,
207,
207
] | [
"56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607",
"56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607",
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"Martin_Luther",
"Martin_Luther",
"Martin_Luther"
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Seismologists can use the arrival times of seismic waves in reverse to image the interior of the Earth. Early advances in this field showed the existence of a liquid outer core (where shear waves were not able to propagate) and a dense solid inner core. These advances led to the development of a layered model of the Ea... | In the layered model of the Earth there are seismic discontinuities in which layer? | [
"mantle",
"the mantle",
"mantle",
"mantle"
] | [
366,
362,
366,
366
] | [
"57266193dd62a815002e832d",
"57266193dd62a815002e832d",
"57266193dd62a815002e832d",
"57266193dd62a815002e832d"
] | [
"Geology",
"Geology",
"Geology",
"Geology"
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In the early 13th century, the Khwarazmian dynasty was governed by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad. Genghis Khan saw the potential advantage in Khwarezmia as a commercial trading partner using the Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire. However, Inalchuq, the govern... | How many soldiers did Genghis Khan take with him to Khwarezmia? | [
"100,000 soldiers",
"100,000",
"100,000"
] | [
1079,
1079,
1079
] | [
"5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79",
"5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79",
"5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79"
] | [
"Genghis_Khan",
"Genghis_Khan",
"Genghis_Khan"
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Once Mutual's appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, and gave the mandate to do so to Mark Woods. RCA converted the NBC Blue Network into an independent subsidiary, formally divorcing the operations of NBC Red and NBC Blue on January 8, 1942, with the Blue Network being referred to... | What network was converted into an independent subsidiary by RCA in 1942? | [
"NBC Blue Network",
"NBC Blue Network",
"NBC Blue Network"
] | [
154,
154,
154
] | [
"572684f5dd62a815002e87fd",
"572684f5dd62a815002e87fd",
"572684f5dd62a815002e87fd"
] | [
"American_Broadcasting_Company",
"American_Broadcasting_Company",
"American_Broadcasting_Company"
] | [
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-8.... |
The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313, at a time when Kraków served as the Polish capital city. Due to its central location between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's capitals of Kraków and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ... | What city served as Poland's capital in 1313? | [
"Kraków",
"Kraków",
"Kraków"
] | [
85,
85,
85
] | [
"5733140a4776f419006606e1",
"5733140a4776f419006606e1",
"5733140a4776f419006606e1"
] | [
"Warsaw",
"Warsaw",
"Warsaw"
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-5.... |
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