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600	This study shows that human peripheral blood monocytes ( PBMo ) also respond to MDHM with increases in IL-1 beta , IL-6 and TNF alpha expression , both at the mRNA and protein level .	This study shows that human peripheral blood <cell_type>monocytes</cell_type> ( <cell_type>PBMo</cell_type> ) also respond to MDHM with increases in <protein>IL-1 beta</protein> , <protein>IL-6</protein> and <protein>TNF alpha</protein> expression , both at the mRNA and protein level .
601	The induced expression of IL-1 beta and TNF alpha mRNA in the monocytic THP-1 cell line increased as quickly as in primary cells .	The induced expression of <rna>IL-1 beta and TNF alpha mRNA</rna> in the monocytic <cell_line>THP-1 cell line</cell_line> increased as quickly as in <cell_type>primary cells</cell_type> .
602	In contrast to PBMo , THP-1 and 14 other monocytic/myeloid leukemia-derived cell lines did not secrete measurable amounts of the cytokines upon treatment with MDHM .	In contrast to <cell_type>PBMo</cell_type> , <cell_line>THP-1</cell_line> and 14 other <cell_line>monocytic/myeloid leukemia-derived cell lines</cell_line> did not secrete measurable amounts of the <protein>cytokines</protein> upon treatment with MDHM .
603	IL-1 beta and IL-6 genes contain AP-1 binding sites as regulatory elements , the AP-1 protein being composed of c-jun and c-fos gene products .	<dna>IL-1 beta and IL-6 genes</dna> contain <dna>AP-1 binding sites</dna> as <dna>regulatory elements</dna> , the <protein>AP-1</protein> protein being composed of <protein>c-jun and c-fos gene products</protein> .
604	In THP-1 cells c-jun mRNA expression increased after incubation with MDHM while positive c-fos expression remained unaffected .	In <cell_line>THP-1 cells</cell_line> <rna>c-jun mRNA</rna> expression increased after incubation with MDHM while positive <dna>c-fos</dna> expression remained unaffected .
605	Although these data suggest AP-1 regulated cytokine mRNA expression , results from PBMo are not in accordance with this notion .	Although these data suggest <protein>AP-1</protein> regulated <protein>cytokine</protein> mRNA expression , results from <cell_type>PBMo</cell_type> are not in accordance with this notion .
606	In the primary cells MDHM-induced elevation of cytokine mRNA levels was preceded by a downregulation of c-fos expression while positive c-jun expression was not modulated .	In the <cell_type>primary cells</cell_type> MDHM-induced elevation of <rna>cytokine mRNA</rna> levels was preceded by a downregulation of <dna>c-fos</dna> expression while positive <dna>c-jun</dna> expression was not modulated .
607	c-myc mRNA expression , constitutively high in THP-1 cells , was induced in MDHM-stimulated PBMo .	<rna>c-myc mRNA</rna> expression , constitutively high in <cell_line>THP-1 cells</cell_line> , was induced in MDHM-stimulated <cell_type>PBMo</cell_type> .
608	In conclusion , MDHM-stimulated induction of cytokine mRNA expression was accompanied by different proto-oncogene responses in PBMo and THP-1 cells .	In conclusion , MDHM-stimulated induction of <rna>cytokine mRNA</rna> expression was accompanied by different <dna>proto-oncogene</dna> responses in <cell_type>PBMo</cell_type> and <cell_line>THP-1 cells</cell_line> .
609	These differences may represent different regulatory pathways of the two cell systems .	These differences may represent different regulatory pathways of the two cell systems .
610	Alternatively , these data support the notion that neither AP-1 nor the c-myc protein are involved in the MDHM-induced increase in IL-1 beta , IL-6 or TNF alpha mRNA levels .	Alternatively , these data support the notion that neither <protein>AP-1</protein> nor the <protein>c-myc protein</protein> are involved in the MDHM-induced increase in IL-1 beta , IL-6 or TNF alpha mRNA levels .
611	Furthermore , the present results demonstrate clearly that mycoplasma products can have a profound impact on the activation status of eukaryotic cells .	Furthermore , the present results demonstrate clearly that <protein>mycoplasma products</protein> can have a profound impact on the activation status of <cell_type>eukaryotic cells</cell_type> .
612	Novel membrane receptors for aldosterone in human lymphocytes : a 50 kDa protein on SDS-PAGE .	<protein>Novel membrane receptors</protein> for aldosterone in <cell_type>human lymphocytes</cell_type> : a <protein>50 kDa protein</protein> on SDS-PAGE .
613	Fast in vitro effects of aldosterone on the Na+/H ( + ) -exchanger , inositoltrisphosphate generation and corresponding specific binding to plasma membranes at Kd-values of approximately 0.1 nM have been found in human mononuclear leukocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells .	Fast in vitro effects of aldosterone on the <protein>Na+/H ( + ) -exchanger</protein> , inositoltrisphosphate generation and corresponding specific binding to plasma membranes at Kd-values of approximately 0.1 nM have been found in <cell_type>human mononuclear leukocytes</cell_type> and <cell_type>vascular smooth muscl...
614	The novel aldosterone membrane receptor was analyzed on SDS-PAGE after labeling of microsomal membranes from human mononuclear leukocytes with a [ 125I ] -aldosterone-derivative by use of BASED as a photoactivatable crosslinker .	The novel aldosterone membrane receptor was analyzed on SDS-PAGE after labeling of microsomal membranes from <cell_type>human mononuclear leukocytes</cell_type> with a [ 125I ] -aldosterone-derivative by use of BASED as a photoactivatable crosslinker .
615	Binding of 1 nM [ 125I ] -aldosterone was found at a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa which was absent with 1 microM cold aldosterone , but not cortisol in the binding media .	Binding of 1 nM [ 125I ] -aldosterone was found at a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa which was absent with 1 microM cold aldosterone , but not cortisol in the binding media .
616	This aldosterone-selectivity is typical and discriminatory for the new aldosterone membrane receptor .	This aldosterone-selectivity is typical and discriminatory for the new <protein>aldosterone membrane receptor</protein> .
617	Solubilization of the receptor protein from membranes by high salt concentrations ( 1 M NaCl , 1 mM EDTA ) was not achieved .	Solubilization of the <protein>receptor protein</protein> from membranes by high salt concentrations ( 1 M NaCl , 1 mM EDTA ) was not achieved .
618	It , thus , appears as an integral membrane protein .	It , thus , appears as an <protein>integral membrane protein</protein> .
619	Dithiothreitol , a sulfhydryl agent , does not reduce specific aldosterone binding indicating the absence of SH-groups in the binding domain or sensitive structures of the receptors .	Dithiothreitol , a sulfhydryl agent , does not reduce specific aldosterone binding indicating the absence of <protein>SH-groups</protein> in the <protein>binding domain</protein> or sensitive structures of the receptors .
620	The results are the first to characterize the novel membrane receptor for aldosterone with regard to molecular weight and basic properties .	The results are the first to characterize the <protein>novel membrane receptor</protein> for aldosterone with regard to molecular weight and basic properties .
621	These findings and other related results are reviewed here .	These findings and other related results are reviewed here .
622	A transcriptional regulatory element is associated with a nuclease-hypersensitive site in the pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 .	A <dna>transcriptional regulatory element</dna> is associated with a <dna>nuclease-hypersensitive site</dna> in the <dna>pol gene</dna> of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 .
623	Analysis of the chromatin organization of the integrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) genome has previously revealed a major constitutive DNase I-hypersensitive site associated with the pol gene ( E. Verdin , J. Virol. 65 : 6790-6799 , 1991 ) .	Analysis of the chromatin organization of the integrated <dna>human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) genome</dna> has previously revealed a <dna>major constitutive DNase I-hypersensitive site</dna> associated with the <dna>pol gene</dna> ( E. Verdin , J. Virol. 65 : 6790-6799 , 1991 ) .
624	In the present report , high-resolution mapping of this site with DNase I and micrococcal nuclease identified a nucleosome-free region centered around nucleotides ( nt ) 4490 to 4766 .	In the present report , high-resolution mapping of this site with <protein>DNase I</protein> and <protein>micrococcal nuclease</protein> identified a <dna>nucleosome-free region</dna> centered around <dna>nucleotides ( nt ) 4490 to 4766</dna> .
625	A 500-bp fragment encompassing this hypersensitive site ( nt 4481 to 4982 ) exhibited transcription-enhancing activity ( two- to threefold ) when it was cloned in its natural position with respect to the HIV-1 promoter after transient transfection in U937 and CEM cells .	A <dna>500-bp fragment</dna> encompassing this <dna>hypersensitive site</dna> ( <dna>nt 4481 to 4982</dna> ) exhibited transcription-enhancing activity ( two- to threefold ) when it was cloned in its natural position with respect to the <dna>HIV-1 promoter</dna> after transient transfection in <cell_line>U937</cell_lin...
626	Using in vitro footprinting and gel shift assays , we have identified four distinct binding sites for nuclear proteins within this positive regulatory element .	Using in vitro footprinting and gel shift assays , we have identified four distinct <dna>binding sites</dna> for <protein>nuclear proteins</protein> within this <dna>positive regulatory element</dna> .
627	Site B ( nt 4519 to 4545 ) specifically bound four distinct nuclear protein complexes : a ubiquitous factor , a T-cell-specific factor , a B-cell-specific factor , and the monocyte/macrophage- and B-cell-specific transcription factor PU.1/Spi-1 .	<dna>Site B</dna> ( <dna>nt 4519 to 4545</dna> ) specifically bound four distinct <protein>nuclear protein complexes</protein> : a <protein>ubiquitous factor</protein> , a <protein>T-cell-specific factor</protein> , a <protein>B-cell-specific factor</protein> , and the <protein>monocyte/macrophage- and B-cell-specific ...
628	In most HIV-1 isolates in which this PU box was not conserved , it was replaced by a binding site for the related factor Ets1 .	In most HIV-1 isolates in which this <dna>PU box</dna> was not conserved , it was replaced by a <dna>binding site</dna> for the related factor <protein>Ets1</protein> .
629	Factors binding to site C ( nt 4681 to 4701 ) had a DNA-binding specificity similar to that of factors binding to site B , except for PU.1/Spi-1 .	Factors binding to <dna>site C</dna> ( <dna>nt 4681 to 4701</dna> ) had a DNA-binding specificity similar to that of factors binding to <dna>site B</dna> , except for <protein>PU.1/Spi-1</protein> .
630	A GC box containing a binding site for Sp1 was identified ( nt 4623 to 4631 ) .	A <dna>GC box</dna> containing a <dna>binding site</dna> for <protein>Sp1</protein> was identified ( <dna>nt 4623 to 4631</dna> ) .
631	Site D ( nt 4816 to 4851 ) specifically bound a ubiquitously expressed factor .	<dna>Site D</dna> ( <dna>nt 4816 to 4851</dna> ) specifically bound a <protein>ubiquitously expressed factor</protein> .
632	These results identify a transcriptional regulatory element associated with a nuclease-hypersensitive site in the pol gene of HIV-1 and suggest that its activity may be controlled by a complex interplay of cis- regulatory elements .	These results identify a <dna>transcriptional regulatory element</dna> associated with a <dna>nuclease-hypersensitive site</dna> in the <dna>pol gene</dna> of HIV-1 and suggest that its activity may be controlled by a complex interplay of cis- <dna>regulatory elements</dna> .
633	Expression of v-src in T cells correlates with nuclear expression of NF-kappa B .	Expression of <dna>v-src</dna> in <cell_type>T cells</cell_type> correlates with nuclear expression of <protein>NF-kappa B</protein> .
634	NF-kappa B is a rapidly inducible transcriptional activator that responds to a variety of signals and influences the expression of many genes involved in the immune response .	<protein>NF-kappa B</protein> is a rapidly inducible <dna>transcriptional activator</dna> that responds to a variety of signals and influences the expression of many genes involved in the immune response .
635	Protein tyrosine kinases transmit signals from cytokine and immune receptors .	Protein <protein>tyrosine kinases</protein> transmit signals from <protein>cytokine and immune receptors</protein> .
636	Very little information exists linking these two important classes of signaling molecules .	Very little information exists linking these two important classes of <protein>signaling molecules</protein> .
637	We now demonstrate that v-src expression correlates with nuclear expression of a kappa B binding complex similar to that induced by phorbol ester and ionomycin , as detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a variety of kappa B sites .	We now demonstrate that <dna>v-src</dna> expression correlates with nuclear expression of a <protein>kappa B binding complex</protein> similar to that induced by phorbol ester and ionomycin , as detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using a variety of <dna>kappa B sites</dna> .
638	This complex was blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor , herbimycin A .	This complex was blocked by the <protein>tyrosine kinase</protein> inhibitor , herbimycin A .
639	The v-src-induced complex comprised the p50 and p65 components of NF-kappa B , as determined by supershift and immunoblot analysis .	The <protein>v-src-induced complex</protein> comprised the <protein>p50</protein> and <protein>p65</protein> components of <protein>NF-kappa B</protein> , as determined by supershift and immunoblot analysis .