text stringlengths 1 2.26M |
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\section{Introduction}
The problem to find a sharp bound on the size of cliques or cocliques in a graph has been well-studied, and some nontrivial bounds have been known based on linear algebraic techniques, cf.~\cite{Ha1,Ha2}. In particular, it is well-known that if a $k$-regular graph with $v$ vertices has a cocli... |
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
\subsection{Motivation and Overview}
Reaction-diffusion models in the form of Eq.~\eqref{eq:pde} are used to describe the dynamic behaviour of interacting and diffusing particles in various disciplines including biochemical processes \cite{murray2001mathematical}, ecology \cite{ho... |
\section{Introduction}
Individuals, organizations, industries, and nations are increasingly depending on software and systems using
software. This software is large and complex and integrated in a continuously changing complex environment.
New languages, libraries and tools increase productivity of programmers, cr... |
\section{Introduction}
Proteins are a fundamental building block of the complex molecular machinery employed by all living organisms. The collection of all the possible proteins that can be synthesized by an organism is known as the proteome \cite{proteome}. Proteins interact with each other through distinct biochemica... |
\subsubsection{Bit Error Minimizer}
As we introduced earlier when calculating $q_{01}$ and $q_{10}$, $\gamma$ defines a trade-off between $q_{01}$ and $q_{10}$.
We can calculate the error probability of our decision rule:
\begin{align}
\nonumber
p_e
&=
\sum_{j=0}^K \mathbb{P}(J_i = j)\cdot \... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Multi-view video coding (MVC) has found important applications in 3D television and surveillance~\cite{flierl2007mvc,guo2008wyner, Wang00, Wilburn04}. In MVC, we usually have multiple cameras recording the same scene from different locations and/or angles. The video frames fro... |
\section{Introduction}
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a key branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the intersection of machine learning, decision making and control. It is a method of learning from interaction with the environment and it is inspired by the human learning process. RL gained success in the last few ... |
\section{Introduction}
Broad missions ---Cassini at Saturn, as well as Galileo and Juno at Jupiter--- have helped to provide significant knowledge about the Gas Giants. For minor missions involving specific visits such as exploring Jupiter's Europa or Saturn's Enceladus, electrodynamic tethers can provide free propuls... |
\section{Detailed Dataset Statistics in the Benchmark Suite}
In Table~\ref{table:downstream_ic_dataset} and Table~\ref{table:downstream_od_dataset}, we list the basic statistics of 20 image classification datasets and 35 object detection datasets in the benchmark.
\label{app:ic}
\begin{table*}[h!]
\centering
... |
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}%
\z@{1\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{1\linespacing}%
{\bf\centering}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{0}%
\z@{\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{\linespacing}%
{\bf}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{0}%
\z@{\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{\linespacing}%
{\bf... |
\section{Introduction}
Let $(R,\mathfrak m)$ be a commutative Noetherian complete equicharacteristic local ring and let $\mathcal D=\mathcal D(R,k)$ be the ring of $k$-linear differential operators of $R$, where $k\subset R$ is a fixed coefficient field of $R$ ($k$ exists as $R$ is complete).
Let $E$ be the injectiv... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Intro.SEC}
In the Standard Model (SM), lepton-flavour number is conserved because one can always rotate to a basis in which gauge interactions and the charged lepton Yukawa matrix are diagonal. Therefore, any future observation of lepton-flavour violation (LFV) would constitute evidence f... |
\section*{Introduction.}
Necessary conditions on infinite-horizon control problems were proved in their maximally general form by H.Halkin in the form of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) in \cite[\S~4]{Halkin}; however, these relations lacked a boundary condition at infinity and could not help to select a uniq... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
One of the widely accepted fundamental theories of physics is Special Relativity (SR) in which Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and Standard Model (SM) of the universe are grounded. In SR, some quantities, like the line element ${ds}^2=(dt^2-dx^2-dy^2-dz^2)$, are invariant under the Lorentz... |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
BL Lac objects (BLL) are active galactic nuclei, whose emission is dominated by non-thermal radiation from a relativistically beamed jet aligned with the line of sight. The emission, of synchrotron-inverse Compton origin, extends over the whole electromagnetic spectrum, from ... |
\section{Introduction and summary of results}
For each of the $105\,097\,564$ odd primes less than $2^{31} = 2\,147\,483\,648$, we performed the following tasks:
\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
\item We computed the \emph{irregular indices} for $p$, that is, the integers $r \in \{2, 4, \ldots, p-3\}$ for which $B_r = 0 \pmod p... |
\section{Empowerment as Path-counting}
\label{app:empPathCount}
We can obtain a further intuitive understanding of empowerment by examining analytical properties of equation \eqref{eq:empowermentMI}. For simplicity, we focus on deterministic and discrete environments.
In this setting, the transition probability $p(\mbo... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:introduction}
The past decades have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of active galactic nuclei (AGN), which are associated with some of the most energetic phenomena in the Universe.
It is now widely accepted that nuclear activity is caused by gas accretion onto a central ... |
\section{Notation}
The variables $ \xi, \zeta $ denote ordinals and $ \kappa $ stands for an infinite cardinal. We write $ \omega $ for the smallest limit
ordinal (i.e. the set of natural numbers). We apply the abbreviation $ H+h $ for the set $ H\cup \{ h \} $ and $ H-h $ for $ H\setminus
\{ h \} $ and we denote by... |
\section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Office of High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics Center for
Computational Excellence (HEP-CCE) at Brookhaven National Laboratory and
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory under B\&R KA2401045. This research used r... |
\section{Introduction}
Quantum entanglement is an intriguing property of composite systems.
The generation of entangled states for two or more particles is not
only fundamental for demonstrating quantum nonlocality
\cite{JSBPhys65,DMGMAHASAZAjp90}, but also useful in quantum
information processing (QIP) \cite{AKEP... |
\section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider several infinite dimensional principal bundles whose total space is a set of embeddings and whose structure group is given by a group of reparametrizing diffeomorphisms. The base space of these principal bundles are certain classes of nonlinear Grassmannians, that is,... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
The problem of ranking a set of $n$ items is of significant recent interest due to its popularity in various machine learning problems, such as recommendation systems \citep{RecommendationSystem2010}, web search \citep{WebSearch2001}, crowd sourcing \citep{CrowdSourcing2013}, a... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
\noindent
The theory of information-based asset pricing put forward by Brody, Hughston \& Macrina \cite{Macrina2006, BHM2007, BHM2008, BHM2008dam} is concerned with the determination of the price processes of financial assets from first principles. In particular, the market... |
\section{Introduction}
Line intensity mapping has emerged as a promising tool to probe the three-dimensional structure of the Universe. Several emission lines have been proposed to uniquely trace the cosmic reionization process, revealing properties of the ionizing sources and the intergalactic medium at high redshifts... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Many measurements of $D$ meson decays have been performed since
the $D$ mesons were discovered in 1976
by Mark I~\cite{PhysRevLett.37.255, PhysRevLett.37.569}.
Today, most of the low-multiplicity $D$ decay mode
branching fractions (BFs) are well-measured. The ... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In recent years, we have witnessed an explosion of services provided
over the Internet.
These services are increasingly transferring
customers' private information over the network and
used in mission-critical tasks. Central to ensuring the reliability and
security of these ser... |
\section{Introduction}
While quantum dynamics of closed systems are always unitary, systems of interest often possess an additional property: information propagates at finite speeds. In quantum field theories or local quantum circuits, information is strictly constrained to spread within a region called the light cone,... |
\section{Introduction}
Force-free magnetospheres around rotating Kerr black holes allow for the extraction of rotational energy in the form of a Poynting flux, known as the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process \cite{BZ}. Such configurations are of particular physical interest as they may provide the primary power source for... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
As digital technology has advanced over the past years, there has been a huge surge in data. Structured and semi-structured data in particular, which refers to data that is organised explicitly, for example as spreadsheets, web tables, databases and maps, has become criti... |
\section{Introduction}\label{Sec1}
Uncertainty principle is one of the most fundamental and important issues in quantum theory which is determined the distinction between quantum theory and classical theory. It
sets a nontrivial limit on our ability to predict the
outcomes of two incompatible measurements on a quantu... |
\section{Introduction}
Thermoelectric devices on the nano scale are an interesting topic and research object, not only from the pure scientific point of view, but much more so for technological reasons. All aspects of thermoelectric devices are nicely reviewed by Benenti et al.\cite{be.ca.13u, be.ca.17}. In partic... |
\section{Introduction}
In recent years, representation learning has been greatly facilitated by deep neural networks \cite{bengio2013representation,liu2021swin,he2016deep}. Self-supervised learning (SSL) is one of the most popular paradigms in the unsupervised scenario, which can learn transferable representations wit... |
\section*{Introduction}
We illustrate the use of computer algebra for experimental
investigations relying on numerical simulations in the field of
automatic control. We consider here the notion of flat systems and
some possible generalizations in order to solve motion planning
problems for aircrafts models.
The solut... |
\section{Introduction}
Absorption spectra of interstellar clouds contain well\textendash
known molecular bands of simple polar radicals, CH, CN, CH$^+$
which have been discovered and identified long ago \citep{kellar41}.
For a long period they were believed to be the only
possible interstellar molecules. In 1970-t... |
\section{Sensitive Attributes and Templates in Fairness Specification}
In our paper, we consider the sentiment bias of three sensitive attributes, \emph{Country}, \emph{Name}, and \emph{Occupation}, which are detailed below.
\label{sec:template_attributes}
\paragraph{Country.}
We design a list of country names by fir... |
\section{Introduction}
QED in three space-time dimensions has become a testing laboratory for certain nonperturbative aspects of QFT like chiral symmetry breaking~\cite{pis,abcw,abkw,kye,koma,bas1,bas2,bas3,bas4,bas5}, bound states~\cite{ab,matna,hosh} or confinement~\cite{bas3,gm,br,bpr,maris,sauli} and for various... |
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Cyclic Sieving Phenomenon}
Let $ X $ be a finite set and let $ c \in S_X $ be a permutation of $ X $ of order $ r $. We can study the sizes of the fixed point set $ X^{c^d}$ for $ d \ge 0 $. Let $ f(q) $ be a polynomial. Following Reiner-Stanton-White, we say that $ (X, c, f(q)) $ ... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Pulsars are rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron stars which emit
radio electromagnetic radiation along their magnetic axes.
The discrete and regular pulses are received while our line of sight sweeps
across the radio beam as the star rotates.
Two primary single pulse mod... |
\section{Introduction}
Throughout, we assume that
\begin{empheq}[box=\mybluebox]{equation}
\text{$X$ is
a real Hilbert space with inner product
$\scal{\cdot}{\cdot}\colon X\times X\to\ensuremath{\mathbb R}$, }
\end{empheq}
and induced norm $\|\cdot\|$.
We also assume that
\begin{empheq}[box=\mybluebox]{equation}
\... |
\subsection{Dynamic Programming Algorithm}
\label{subsec:algorithm_dynamic}
To simplify the expression in the objective, we define a local cost term $f(\hat{\vec{x}}_{i-D}^{i})$ combining the prior and the rate term as:
\begin{equation}
f(\hat{\vec{x}}_{i-D}^{i}) = \beta s(\hat{\vec{x}}_{i-D_s}^i) - \lambda \log_2 P(\... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The PDF format is used ubiquitously for sharing and printing documents. Unfortunately,
while the latest PDF specification supports embedding structural information for graphical elements (e.g., figures, tables, and footnotes\footnote{\url{https://www.iso.org/standard/635... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Clusters of galaxies are the largest gravitationally-bound objects in the Universe and, as tracers of the highest peaks of the primordial density perturbations, they are frequently used to test cosmological models. For example, global properties, such as the abundance o... |
\section{Model Potentials}
\label{PotentialSection}
\subsection{Bilayer Graphene}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=4.4cm, angle=0]{device.eps
\caption{Cross section of device used to find model potential
(schematic). The filled rectangles represent the top and bottom gates.}
\lab... |
\section{Introduction}
Longitudinal functional data consists of time-series rather than of single samples.
Typical examples are found in growth curves, in signals emanating from different celestial objects,
or in the analyses of medical trials where patients are followed for a period of time, see e.g. \cite{diggle1990... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{}
In modern scientific computing, it is strongly suggested to properly
simulate the long-time evolution of a dynamical system by means of a
numerical integration. Geometric integrators are beneficial for this
aspect as they possess an overwhelming superiority in reproducing
the signifi... |
\section{Introduction}
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that creates detailed anatomical pictures of internal structures of the body.
A common application of MRI scanners is for guiding of needles during biopsy interventions (where sample tissues are extracted from an area of interest).
... |
\section{Introduction}
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a connected undirected graph with $|V|=n$ vertices and $|E|=m$ edges. Let $c: E \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a linear cost function for the set of edges and $q: E\times E \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a quadratic cost function to weight each pair of edges (without loss of generalit... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The 1998 discovery of the present acceleration of the universe with type
Ia supernovae requires a theoretical explanation. The
standard cosmological model based on general relativity (GR), {\em
i.e.}, the
$\Lambda$ cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model,... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
Spiral arms are one of the the most striking, beautiful and
scientifically challenging structures of disc galaxies. They have
fascinated and intrigued astronomers for centuries. As a rough initial
approximation to treat this complex problem, the spiral arms had to be
assumed as ... |
\section{Introduction}
The modelling of a dynamic and unpredictable phenomenon like stock markets or interest rate markets
is often approached via chosing an appropriate stochastic model.
In many cases, the choice of the model is a delicate and difficult question.
In complex dynamic environments like financial mar... |
\section{Introduction}
The geometry of algebraic curves varying in families is a very fascinating and old topic, dating back to the nineteenth century. The interest around this subject naturally led to the definition of the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_g$ of smooth curves of genus $g$ over the complex numbers. The study ... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In recent decades a large body of evidence that neutrinos change
flavor as they propagate macroscopic distances due to the
non-alignment of their mass and flavor eigenstates has accumulated from
solar~\citep{Super-Kamiokande:2010tar, Borexino:2013zhu},
atmospheric~\citep{PhysR... |
\section{Introduction}
Microphases supersede simple gas-liquid coexistence when short-range
inter-particle attraction is frustrated by long-range repulsion
(SALR). The resulting structures are both elegant and remarkably
useful~\cite{Seul1995}. Block
copolymers~\cite{Bates1990,Bates1999,Kim2010}, for instance, form a
r... |
\section{Introduction} \label{intro}
In the BCS formalism of superconductivity \cite{Tinkham:book,PhysRev.108.1175.1957.Bardeen}, an attractive interaction potential is assumed to act between pairs of electrons with opposite momenta and opposite spin projections (or between pairs of electrons of time reversed eigensta... |
\section*{List of Abbreviations}
\begin{acronym}[MyTimeSeriesAnalysis]
\acro{AIC} {Akaike's information criterion (Akaike, 1974)}
\acro{BIC} {Bayesian information criterion (Schwarz, 1978)}
\acro{Delta}[$\Delta$AIC/$\Delta$BIC] {Scaled AIC/BIC scores}
\acro{$h$} {Forecast horizon, in this stu... |
\subsection*{{ Acknowledgements}}
\paragraph{Acknowledgements.-}
We thank A. Ferrando, J. R. Salgueiro and D. Tommasini for discussions.
The work of A. Paredes is supported by the Ram\'on y Cajal programme.
The work of D. Feijoo is supported by the FPU Ph.D. programme.
The work of A. Paredes and D. Feijoo is also sup... |
\section{Proof for the sequential pursuit}
Recall that the sequential pursuit with lasso penalty sequentially solves
\begin{align}\label{opt_se}
(\widehat{d}_{k},\widehat{{\bf u}}_{k},\widehat{{\bf v}}_{k})
& = \underset{(d,{\bf u},{\bf v})}{\arg\min}~(2n)^{-1}\norm{{\bf Y}_{k} - d{\bf X}{\bf u}{\bf v}^{\r... |
\section{Introduction}
Our aim is to understand the representations (equivalently the module category) of the Leavitt path algebra $L(\Gamma)$ of a di(rected )graph $\Gamma$ from the viewpoint of quiver representations. The main tool we employ is that the category of $L(\Gamma)$-modules is equivalent to a full subcat... |
\section{Appendix}
\input{implementation-details}
\subsection{eSIM}\label{sec:esim}
Embedded Subscriber Identity Module (eSIM) or Embedded Universal
Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC) is a programmable chip embedded
in a device that allows it to connect to different
mobile networks without a physical SIM card. The eSI... |
\section{Introduction}
Let $G = (V, E)$ be a simple graph. The order of $G$ is the number of vertices of $G$. For any vertex $ v \in V$, the open neighborhood of $v$ is the set $N(v)=\{ u \in V | uv \in E\}$ and the closed neighborhood is the set $N[v]=N (v) \cup \{v\}$.
For a set $S\subset V$, the open neighborhood o... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Nekrasov functions~\cite{Nekrasov} obtained by applying the
localization technique to supersymmetric gauge theories in four, five
and six dimensions effectively sum up instanton contributions to their
partition functions. Instanton configurations fixed under toric ... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
Environment plays a major in role in the evolution and the observed properties of galaxies \citep[e.g.,][]{Dressler:1980ie, Kauffmann:2004cw, Blanton:2005eb, Peng:2010gn, Geha:2012eu, Tal:2014uf, Wetzel:2014ju}. Environmental processes such as tidal forces and ram pr... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
\vspace{-4pt}
Recently, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and its various equivalents have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the network throughput \cite{Liaskos08,Renzo19,Basar19}, thanks to their capability of modifying the wireless channels between the base... |
\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
Liquid Helium experiments offer a unique way to investigate developed turbulence in laboratory scale facilities.
Liquid Helium, in its normal state (He I), has indeed a very low
kinematic viscosity $\nu$.
Besides, one of the most striking features of liquid Helium is
superfluidi... |
\section{Introduction and summary}
The notion of fermionic topological phase of matter has
attracted great interest, since fermionic systems admit novel phases that have no counterpart in bosonic systems~\cite{Gaiotto:2015zta,Gu:2012ib, Wang2017Interacting, Witten2016Fermion, Metlitski2014, Cheng2018Classification, Gu... |
\section{The problem}
\paragraph{Main goal.}
The objective of this note is showing that the universal families of
echo state networks (ESNs) devised in the main theorem of \cite{RC7} can be chosen to satisfy the echo state and the fading memory properties. This fact was not established in the original paper and showi... |
\section{Introduction}
Dust remains an issue for the study of stellar populations in galaxies, not just within
\begin{wrapfigure} [17]{l}{0.49\textwidth}
\includegraphics [width=0.49\textwidth]{method.pdf}
\caption{Measuring dust in overlapping galaxies: dust extinction in the overlap region ({\bf black aperture}) ca... |
\section{Introduction}
In recent years, researchers within the metamaterials and composite materials communities have uncovered a vast array of media exhibiting interesting and unexpected wave scattering properties. These have ranged from ultralow frequency band gaps to one-way edge states and negative refraction... |
\section{Introduction }
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\hspace{0.0cm}
\includegraphics[width=0.225\textwidth]{a_figure/result/1-1.pdf}
&\hspace{0.0cm}
\includegraphics[width=0.200\textwidth]{a_figure/result/1-2.pdf}\\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{(a) Original blur images} \\
\hspace{0.0cm}
\includegraphics[w... |
\section{Introduction}
The notion of the {\it Landscape}, as the set of all consistent low-energy effective theories of quantum gravity, has served for decades as a central idea behind much research activity in high energy physics. Perhaps an equally important notion is that of the {\it Swampland}, which is the complem... |
\section{Introduction}
Driven interacting many-particle systems \cite{Liggett} have been
of considerable interest in the past decades due to their rich
transport properties, especially in lower dimensions. The zero
range process (ZRP), a lattice gas model without any hardcore exclusions, is perhaps the simplest of ... |
\section{Introduction}
Robust model estimation is a cardinal problem in Computer Vision.
RANSAC \cite{fischler1981random} has been a very successful and widely applied approach to robust model estimation since the early days of Computer Vision, and a great research effort has been devoted to improving it.
While init... |
\section{Introduction}
We consider the second-order stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) of the It\^o type
\begin{equation}\label{chief}
\md u = (\aij u_\xdij + {b^{i}} u_{x^{i}} + c u + f)\,\md t + (\si^{ik} u_{x^{i}} + \nu^k u + g^k) \,\md \BM^k_t,
\end{equation}
in $\R^n\times(0,\infty)$, where $\BM^k$... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sSW1}
Assume that
$(\Omega,\mathcal{F},(\mathcal{F}_t)_{t\geq 0},P)$ is a stochastic basis.
We study stochastic linear Volterra equations in a separable Hilbert space
$(H, |\cdot|_H )$ of the form
\begin{equation} \label{eSW1}
X(t) = X_0 + \int_0^t a(t-\tau)\,AX(\tau)d\tau + W(t)\;, \q... |
\section{Background} \label{sec:back}
In this section, we provide a brief background on NVDLA and FireSim.
\subsection{NVDLA}
NVDLA is an industry-grade open-source DNN inference engine, developed by Nvidia\cite{nvdla}. It is released as Verilog source code and is configurable at the build time to meet different pe... |
\section*{Introduction}
Since the advent of relativity the quest for a covariant bracket, which does not require a splitting of spacetime into space and time to be defined, has become a relevant issue in order to get a covariant physical description of fields and particles.
In particular such a search is necessary to... |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Early theories of galaxy formation proposed that galaxies form from the cooling gas that sinks to the centers of virialized dark matter halos and self-gravitates to form stars \citep{white_core_1978}. However, early models ran into the longstanding problem of ``overcooling", whe... |
\section{Introduction}
Social bias can be understood as implicit or explicit prejudices against, as well as unequal treatment or discrimination of, certain social groups in society~\cite{sweeney_transparent_2019,papakyriakopoulos_bias_2020}. A social group might be described by physical attributes of its members, suc... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Deep learning has proven to be effective in solving various problems in the field of computer vision \cite{chai2021deep}. In particular, with the development of new and robust generative deep learning algorithms \cite{goodfellow2014generative}, a powerful new application has eme... |
\section*{Résumé}
Dans cet article, nous décrivons la résolution du jeu de Juniper Green pour tout entier, avec des techniques suffisamment élémentaires pour être expliquées à des élèves maîtrisant les notions de diviseurs et multiples. Une méthode générale permet de résoudre le jeu pour presque tout entier, si bien q... |
\section{Introduction}
Assume Alice and Bob capture two images of non-overlapping sections of the same scene. Alice then says to Bob, ``Have a look at what I see.'' Can Bob rotate his camera to view the section of the scene viewed by Alice?
In this paper we refer to the problem of computing this desired rotation and c... |
\section{Introduction}
In 1927, Birkhoff introduced the concepts of non-wandering points and recurrent points \cite{Birkhoff}.
Using these concepts, we can describe and capture sustained or stationary dynamical behaviors and conservative dynamics.
Moreover, Conley \cite{Conley1988} defined a weak form of recurrence, c... |
\section{Introduction}
A deep lesson of late-20$^\text{th}$-century physics is the renormalization group (RG) philosophy: many body physics is organized scale-by-scale.
The fruits of this lesson have been assimilated well into our understanding of classical statistical physics and of perturbative quantum field theory... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
One of the major issues faced by typical users of social media is misinformation infecting their timelines.
Manual and automated efforts to detect and verify claims are indispensable to protect and inform users, especially in critical times like the current COVID-19 pandemic~\cite{... |
\section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Cosmic inflation has played as one of the leading paradigms in modern cosmology \cite{cosmic-inflation}. This is due to the fact that many theoretical predictions of cosmic inflation have been well confirmed by the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) observations of the Wil... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In view of the update of European (EU) High-Energy Physics (HEP) strategy for particle physics, the highest scientific priorities are given by the precision study of the Higgs boson and the exploration of the high-energy frontier~\cite{europeanstrategygroup2020physics, adolphsen... |
\subsection{Survey 01 (Open on 2021-01-06, Close on 2021-01-16)}
\begin{itemize}
\item Question 1
\begin{itemize}
\item Question: What will be the number of new incident U.S. adult and pediatric previous day admissions to the hospital with confirmed COVID-19 for the week beginning on 2021-01-24... |
\section{Introduction}
This paper develops a class of Hubbard-Stratonovich (HS) transformations that can be used to handle on-site Hubbard interactions, $\hat{\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{int}}=U\hat{n}_{\uparrow}\hat{n}_{\downarrow}$,
in the context of determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) and related simulation methods~\c... |
\section{Introduction}
The quality of deep learning methods for signal reconstruction from noisy images, also known as deep image denoising, has benefited from the advanced neural network architectures such as ResNet~\cite{he2016deep}, U-Net~\cite{ronneberger2015u} and their variants~\cite{zhang2017beyond, milletari20... |
\section{Introduction}
\boro{The generalized hypergeometric
function \cite[Chapter 16]{NIST:DLMF} is defined by the
infinite series \cite[(16.2.1)]{NIST:DLMF}
\begin{equation} \label{genhyp}
\hyp{r}{s}{a_1,\ldots,a_r}
{b_1,\ldots,b_s}{z}
:=
\sum_{k=0}^\infty
\frac{(a_1,\ldots,a_r)_k}
{(b_1,\ldots,b_s)_k}
\frac{z^k}{... |
\section{Introduction}
We work within the framework of real or complex vector spaces and write $\mathbb F$ for the respective field $\mathbb R$ or $\mathbb C$.
If $E$ is a Banach space then $E^*$ stands for its dual space. We denote by $B_E$ and $S_E$ the unit ball and sphere in $E$, respectively, and we write $\langl... |
\section{Introduction}
Nowadays we are witnessing
the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) where
numerous devices can interact with their environment and perform simple processing
activities.
Multiple services and applications
are executed over the humongous volumes of data
collected by the IoT devices.
These data ar... |
\section{Introduction}
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.
Icosahedral double-stranded (ds)DNA bacteriophages pack their genome in a roughly spherical protein capsid. The length of the genome is on the order of tens of microns, while the diameter of the capsid is in the $10$ to $50$ nm range.
The tightly... |
\section{Introduction}
Visual similarity plays an important role in visual recognition in object detection and scene understanding \cite{lsvm-pami,DBLP:dblp_conf/cvpr/LiS009}. A visual similarity function returns a score of how likely two instances (\eg images and videos) share similar semantic concepts (\eg persons,... |
\section{Introduction}
The subject matter of this paper is the following two anti-Ramsey coloring principles:
\begin{defn}[Shelah, \cite{Sh:282}]\label{def_pr1}
$\pr_1(\kappa, \kappa, \theta, \chi)$ asserts the existence of a coloring $c:[\kappa]^2 \rightarrow \theta$ such that for every $\sigma<\chi$, every
pairw... |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Young associations --- coeval stellar populations thought to share a common age, metallicity, and kinematics --- are crucial for studies of stellar and planetary evolution, including circumstellar disk lifetimes \citep{haisch_disk_2001}, planet formation and migration \citep{man... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The bin packing problem is an iconic problem in combinatorial
optimization, which has been investigated intensively from many
different viewpoints. In particular, it has served as a proving
ground for new approaches to the development and analysis of
approximation and o... |
\section{Introduction}
\noindent
Let $({\mathbf R}, {\mathfrak m})$ be a Noetherian local ring of dimension $d\geq 1$. We say that ${\mathbf R}$ is {\em almost} Cohen-Macaulay, or briefly, aCM if $\mbox{\rm depth } {\mathbf R} \geq d-1$. Numerous classes of such rings occur among Rees algebras of ideals of Cohen-Maca... |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Our primary goal in this work is to prove {\L}ojasiewicz--Simon gradient inequalities for coupled Yang-Mills $L^2$-energy functionals. A key feature of our results is that we use systems of Sobolev norms that are as \emph{weak as possible}. This property turns out to ... |
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