title stringlengths 10 172 | question_id int64 469 40.1M | question_body stringlengths 22 48.2k | question_score int64 -44 5.52k | question_date stringlengths 20 20 | answer_id int64 497 40.1M | answer_body stringlengths 18 33.9k | answer_score int64 -38 8.38k | answer_date stringlengths 20 20 | tags listlengths 1 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
appengine: cached reference property? | 1,174,075 | <p>How can I cache a Reference Property in Google App Engine?</p>
<p>For example, let's say I have the following models:</p>
<pre><code>class Many(db.Model):
few = db.ReferenceProperty(Few)
class Few(db.Model):
year = db.IntegerProperty()
</code></pre>
<p>Then I create many <code>Many</code>'s that point t... | 2 | 2009-07-23T19:51:30Z | 1,174,737 | <p>The first time you dereference any reference property, the entity is fetched - even if you'd previously fetched the same entity associated with a different reference property. This involves a datastore get operation, which isn't as expensive as a query, but is still worth avoiding if you can.</p>
<p>There's a good ... | 7 | 2009-07-23T21:57:58Z | [
"python",
"database",
"performance",
"google-app-engine",
"gae-datastore"
] |
django comments: how to prevent form errors from redirecting the user to the preview page? | 1,174,140 | <p>Currently, django.contrib.comments sends the user to the preview page if there is any error on the form. </p>
<p>I am using comments in the context of a blog and I would much rather that the user stayed on the page they were on if something went wrong with the submission. As far as I can tell though, this is hard-c... | 7 | 2009-07-23T20:01:27Z | 1,174,287 | <p>Yes! There's now a way to <a href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/comments/custom/" rel="nofollow">customize the Comments app</a>. Good luck!</p>
| 0 | 2009-07-23T20:30:16Z | [
"python",
"django",
"django-contrib"
] |
django comments: how to prevent form errors from redirecting the user to the preview page? | 1,174,140 | <p>Currently, django.contrib.comments sends the user to the preview page if there is any error on the form. </p>
<p>I am using comments in the context of a blog and I would much rather that the user stayed on the page they were on if something went wrong with the submission. As far as I can tell though, this is hard-c... | 7 | 2009-07-23T20:01:27Z | 1,174,307 | <p>Looks like you have two real options:</p>
<ul>
<li>Write your own view. Possibly copy that view's code to get started.</li>
<li>Patch that view to take an extra parameter, such as 'preview_on_errors' which defaults to True but can be overridden. Contribute the patch back to Django so other people can benefit from... | 3 | 2009-07-23T20:34:28Z | [
"python",
"django",
"django-contrib"
] |
To calculate the sum of numbers in a list by Python | 1,174,435 | <p>My data</p>
<pre><code>466.67
465.56
464.44
463.33
462.22
461.11
460.00
458.89
...
</code></pre>
<p>I run in Python</p>
<pre><code>sum(/tmp/1,0)
</code></pre>
<p>I get an error.</p>
<p><strong>How can you calculate the sum of the values by Python?</strong></p>
| -2 | 2009-07-23T20:52:17Z | 1,174,443 | <pre><code>f=open('/tmp/1')
print sum(map(float,f))
</code></pre>
| 13 | 2009-07-23T20:54:46Z | [
"python"
] |
To calculate the sum of numbers in a list by Python | 1,174,435 | <p>My data</p>
<pre><code>466.67
465.56
464.44
463.33
462.22
461.11
460.00
458.89
...
</code></pre>
<p>I run in Python</p>
<pre><code>sum(/tmp/1,0)
</code></pre>
<p>I get an error.</p>
<p><strong>How can you calculate the sum of the values by Python?</strong></p>
| -2 | 2009-07-23T20:52:17Z | 1,174,483 | <pre><code>sum(float(i) for i in open('/tmp/1.0'))
</code></pre>
| 11 | 2009-07-23T21:05:10Z | [
"python"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 1,175,005 | <p>You could look at the Wikipedia article on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%5Fdeviation" rel="nofollow">Standard Deviation</a>, in particular the section about Rapid calculation methods.</p>
<p>There's also an article I found that uses Python, you should be able to use the code in it without much chan... | 2 | 2009-07-23T23:14:18Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 1,175,029 | <p><a href="http://search.cpan.org/perldoc/Statistics::Descriptive">Statistics::Descriptive</a> is a very decent Perl module for these types of calculations:</p>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict; use warnings;
use Statistics::Descriptive qw( :all );
my $data = [
[ 0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03 ],
[ 0.00... | 7 | 2009-07-23T23:21:19Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 1,175,054 | <p>I think this issue will help you. <a href="http://www.johndcook.com/standard%5Fdeviation.html" rel="nofollow">Standard deviation</a></p>
| 2 | 2009-07-23T23:31:14Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 1,175,065 | <p>How big is your array? Unless it is zillions of elements long, don't worry about looping through it twice. The code is simple and easily tested.</p>
<p>My preference would be to use the <a href="http://numpy.scipy.org/" rel="nofollow">numpy</a> array maths extension to convert your array of arrays into a numpy 2D a... | 3 | 2009-07-23T23:35:54Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 1,175,084 | <p>The basic answer is to accumulate the sum of both <em>x</em> (call it 'sum_x1') and <em>x</em><sup>2</sup> (call it 'sum_x2') as you go. The value of the standard deviation is then:</p>
<pre><code>stdev = sqrt((sum_x2 / n) - (mean * mean))
</code></pre>
<p>where</p>
<pre><code>mean = sum_x / n
</code></pre>
<p... | 61 | 2009-07-23T23:39:33Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 1,175,491 | <p>Perhaps not what you were asking, but ... If you use a numpy array, it will do the work for you, efficiently:</p>
<pre><code>from numpy import array
nums = array(((0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03),
(0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02),
(0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02),
(0.01, 0.00, 0... | 24 | 2009-07-24T02:32:58Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 1,179,049 | <p>Have a look at <a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/PDL/">PDL</a> (pronounced "piddle!"). </p>
<p>This is the Perl Data Language which is designed for high precision mathematics and scientific computing.</p>
<p>Here is an example using your figures....</p>
<pre><code>use strict;
use warnings;
use PDL;
my $figs =... | 8 | 2009-07-24T17:34:54Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 1,348,615 | <p>The answer is to use Welford's algorithm, which is very clearly defined after the "naive methods" in:</p>
<ul>
<li>Wikipedia: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_for_calculating_variance">Algorithms for calculating variance</a>
</ul>
<p>It's more numerically stable than either the two-pass or online s... | 71 | 2009-08-28T18:24:27Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 16,247,411 | <p>Here's a "one-liner", spread over multiple lines, in functional programming style:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def variance(data, opt=0):
return (lambda (m2, i, _): m2 / (opt + i - 1))(
reduce(
lambda (m2, i, avg), x:
(
m2 + (x - avg) ** 2 ... | 0 | 2013-04-27T01:34:23Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 17,637,351 | <p>Here is a literal pure Python translation of the Welford's algorithm implementation from <a href="http://www.johndcook.com/standard_deviation.html">http://www.johndcook.com/standard_deviation.html</a>:</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/liyanage/python-modules/blob/master/running_stats.py">https://github.com/liyana... | 6 | 2013-07-14T07:10:53Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 20,832,236 | <p>The <a href="http://www.grantjenks.com/blog/portfolio-post/python-runstats-module/">Python runstats Module</a> is for just this sort of thing. <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/runstats">Install runstats</a> from PyPI:</p>
<pre><code>pip install runstats
</code></pre>
<p>Runstats summaries can produce the mean... | 6 | 2013-12-30T01:46:06Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to efficiently calculate a running standard deviation? | 1,174,984 | <p>I have an array of lists of numbers, e.g.:</p>
<pre><code>[0] (0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.03)
[1] (0.00, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
[2] (0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, 0.02)
...
[n] (0.01, 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03)
</code></pre>
<p>What I would like to do is efficiently calculate the mean and standard deviation at each in... | 53 | 2009-07-23T23:09:05Z | 26,716,417 | <pre><code>n=int(raw_input("Enter no. of terms:"))
L=[]
for i in range (1,n+1):
x=float(raw_input("Enter term:"))
L.append(x)
sum=0
for i in range(n):
sum=sum+L[i]
avg=sum/n
sumdev=0
for j in range(n):
sumdev=sumdev+(L[j]-avg)**2
dev=(sumdev/n)**0.5
print "Standard deviation is", dev
</code... | 1 | 2014-11-03T14:38:21Z | [
"python",
"perl",
"statistics"
] |
How to refactor this Python code? | 1,175,043 | <pre><code>class MainPage(webapp.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
user = users.get_current_user()
tasks_query = Task.all()
tasks = tasks_query.fetch(1000)
if user:
url = users.create_logout_url(self.request.uri)
else:
url = users.create_login_url(self.request.uri)
template_values = ... | 0 | 2009-07-23T23:26:11Z | 1,175,274 | <p>Refactor for what purposes? Are you getting errors, want to do something else, or...? Assuming the proper imports and url dispatching around this, I don't see anything here that has to be refactored for app engine -- so, don't keep us guessing!-)</p>
| 1 | 2009-07-24T00:44:23Z | [
"python",
"google-app-engine",
"refactoring"
] |
How to refactor this Python code? | 1,175,043 | <pre><code>class MainPage(webapp.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
user = users.get_current_user()
tasks_query = Task.all()
tasks = tasks_query.fetch(1000)
if user:
url = users.create_logout_url(self.request.uri)
else:
url = users.create_login_url(self.request.uri)
template_values = ... | 0 | 2009-07-23T23:26:11Z | 1,175,364 | <p>Since both classes are identical except for one string ('index.html' vs 'gadget.xml') would it be possible to make one a subclass of the other and have that one string as a class constant in both?</p>
| 1 | 2009-07-24T01:20:01Z | [
"python",
"google-app-engine",
"refactoring"
] |
How to refactor this Python code? | 1,175,043 | <pre><code>class MainPage(webapp.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
user = users.get_current_user()
tasks_query = Task.all()
tasks = tasks_query.fetch(1000)
if user:
url = users.create_logout_url(self.request.uri)
else:
url = users.create_login_url(self.request.uri)
template_values = ... | 0 | 2009-07-23T23:26:11Z | 1,175,373 | <p>Make it the same class, and use a GET or POST parameter to decide which template to render.</p>
| 1 | 2009-07-24T01:22:22Z | [
"python",
"google-app-engine",
"refactoring"
] |
How to refactor this Python code? | 1,175,043 | <pre><code>class MainPage(webapp.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
user = users.get_current_user()
tasks_query = Task.all()
tasks = tasks_query.fetch(1000)
if user:
url = users.create_logout_url(self.request.uri)
else:
url = users.create_login_url(self.request.uri)
template_values = ... | 0 | 2009-07-23T23:26:11Z | 1,175,410 | <p>Really it depends on what you expect to be common between the two classes in future. The purpose of refactoring is to identify common abstractions, not to minimise the number of lines of code.</p>
<p>That said, assuming the two requests are expected to differ only in the template:</p>
<pre><code>class TaskListPage... | 6 | 2009-07-24T01:40:09Z | [
"python",
"google-app-engine",
"refactoring"
] |
Python classes for simple GTD app | 1,175,110 | <p>I'm trying to code a very rudimentary GTD app for myself, not only to get organized, but to get better at coding and get better at Python. I'm having a bit of trouble with the classes however. </p>
<p>Here are the classes I have so far:</p>
<pre><code>class Project:
def __init__(self, name, actions=[]):
... | 2 | 2009-07-23T23:48:09Z | 1,175,150 | <p>I suggest you look at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite%5Fpattern" rel="nofollow">composite pattern</a> which can be applied to the "Project" class. If you make your structure correctly, you should be able to make action be a leaf of that tree, pretty much like you described in your example.</p>
<... | 0 | 2009-07-23T23:59:57Z | [
"python",
"design",
"recursion",
"gtd"
] |
Python classes for simple GTD app | 1,175,110 | <p>I'm trying to code a very rudimentary GTD app for myself, not only to get organized, but to get better at coding and get better at Python. I'm having a bit of trouble with the classes however. </p>
<p>Here are the classes I have so far:</p>
<pre><code>class Project:
def __init__(self, name, actions=[]):
... | 2 | 2009-07-23T23:48:09Z | 1,175,154 | <p>You could create a subprojects member, similar to your actions list, and assign projects to it in a similar way. No subclassing of Project is necessary.</p>
<pre><code>class Project:
def __init__(self, name, actions=[], subprojects=[]):
self.name = name
self.actions = actions
self.subpro... | 3 | 2009-07-24T00:01:01Z | [
"python",
"design",
"recursion",
"gtd"
] |
Python classes for simple GTD app | 1,175,110 | <p>I'm trying to code a very rudimentary GTD app for myself, not only to get organized, but to get better at coding and get better at Python. I'm having a bit of trouble with the classes however. </p>
<p>Here are the classes I have so far:</p>
<pre><code>class Project:
def __init__(self, name, actions=[]):
... | 2 | 2009-07-23T23:48:09Z | 1,192,266 | <p>Have you evaluated existing GTD tools? I'd look at file formats used by existing GTD tools, esp. those that save to XML. That would give you an idea about which ways to organize this kind of data tend to work.</p>
<p>Structure ranges from rather simplistic (TaskPaper) to baroque (OmniFocus). Look around and learn w... | 0 | 2009-07-28T06:44:48Z | [
"python",
"design",
"recursion",
"gtd"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 1,175,221 | <p>Not in the standard library, but I found <a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/from-camel/0.2.0" rel="nofollow">this script</a> that appears to contain the functionality you need.</p>
| 2 | 2009-07-24T00:27:58Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 1,175,366 | <p><strong>For the fun of it:</strong></p>
<pre><code>>>> def un_camel(input):
... output = [input[0].lower()]
... for c in input[1:]:
... if c in ('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'):
... output.append('_')
... output.append(c.lower())
... els... | 4 | 2009-07-24T01:20:40Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 1,175,421 | <pre><code>''.join('_'+c.lower() if c.isupper() else c for c in "DeathToCamelCase").strip('_')
re.sub("(.)([A-Z])", r'\1_\2', 'DeathToCamelCase').lower()
</code></pre>
| 5 | 2009-07-24T01:48:27Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 1,175,443 | <p>A horrendous example using regular expressions (you could <em>easily</em> clean this up :) ):</p>
<pre><code>def f(s):
return s.group(1).lower() + "_" + s.group(2).lower()
p = re.compile("([A-Z]+[a-z]+)([A-Z]?)")
print p.sub(f, "CamelCase")
print p.sub(f, "getHTTPResponseCode")
</code></pre>
<p>Works for getH... | 0 | 2009-07-24T02:05:16Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 1,175,451 | <p>Here's my solution:</p>
<pre><code>def un_camel(text):
""" Converts a CamelCase name into an under_score name.
>>> un_camel('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
>>> un_camel('getHTTPResponseCode')
'get_http_response_code'
"""
result = []
pos = 0
while pos... | 3 | 2009-07-24T02:09:28Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 1,176,023 | <p>This is pretty thorough:</p>
<pre><code>def convert(name):
s1 = re.sub('(.)([A-Z][a-z]+)', r'\1_\2', name)
return re.sub('([a-z0-9])([A-Z])', r'\1_\2', s1).lower()
</code></pre>
<p>Works with all these (and doesn't harm already-un-cameled versions):</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_... | 365 | 2009-07-24T06:25:13Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 5,356,672 | <p>Wow I just stole this from django snippets. ref <a href="http://djangosnippets.org/snippets/585/" rel="nofollow">http://djangosnippets.org/snippets/585/</a></p>
<p>Pretty elegant </p>
<pre><code>camelcase_to_underscore = lambda str: re.sub('(((?<=[a-z])[A-Z])|([A-Z](?![A-Z]|$)))', '_\\1', str).lower().strip('_'... | 0 | 2011-03-18T19:05:44Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 7,593,794 | <p>Very nice RegEx proposed on <a href="http://jason.diamond.name/weblog/2009/08/15/splitting-camelcase-with-regular-expressions/comment-page-1/" rel="nofollow">this site</a>:</p>
<pre class="lang-none prettyprint-override"><code>(?<!^)(?=[A-Z])
</code></pre>
<p>If python have a String Split method, it should work... | 0 | 2011-09-29T07:19:31Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 8,452,630 | <p>Here's something I did to change the headers on a tab-delimited file. I'm omitting the part where I only edited the first line of the file. You could adapt it to Python pretty easily with the re library. This also includes separating out numbers (but keeps the digits together). I did it in two steps because that was... | 0 | 2011-12-09T22:41:32Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 10,985,418 | <p>I have had pretty good luck with this one:</p>
<pre><code>import re
def camelcase_to_underscore(s):
return re.sub(r'(^|[a-z])([A-Z])',
lambda m: '_'.join([i.lower() for i in m.groups() if i]),
s)
</code></pre>
<p>This could obviously be optimized for speed a <em>tiny</em> bi... | 0 | 2012-06-11T18:17:16Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 12,867,228 | <p>I don't know why these are all so complicating.</p>
<p>for most cases the simple expression <code>([A-Z]+)</code> will do the trick</p>
<pre><code>>>> re.sub('([A-Z]+)', r'_\1','CamelCase').lower()
'_camel_case'
>>> re.sub('([A-Z]+)', r'_\1','camelCase').lower()
'camel_case'
>>> re.sub... | 56 | 2012-10-12T21:17:16Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 13,363,758 | <p>I don't get idea why using both .sub() calls? :) I'm not regex guru, but I simplified function to this one, which is suitable for my certain needs, I just needed a solution to convert camelCasedVars from POST request to vars_with_underscore: </p>
<pre><code>def myFunc(...):
return re.sub('(.)([A-Z]{1})', r'\1_\2'... | 6 | 2012-11-13T15:39:08Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 14,634,975 | <p>I was looking for a solution to the same problem, except that I needed a chain; e.g.</p>
<pre><code>"CamelCamelCamelCase" -> "Camel-camel-camel-case"
</code></pre>
<p>Starting from the nice two-word solutions here, I came up with the following:</p>
<pre><code>"-".join(x.group(1).lower() if x.group(2) is None e... | 0 | 2013-01-31T20:55:29Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 14,913,356 | <p>This is not a elegant method, is a very 'low level' implementation of a simple state machine (bitfield state machine), possibly the most anti pythonic mode to resolve this, however re module also implements a too complex state machine to resolve this simple task, so i think this is a good solution.</p>
<pre><code>... | 2 | 2013-02-16T17:58:52Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 17,328,907 | <p>There's an <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/inflection">inflection library</a> in the package index that can handle these things for you. In this case, you'd be looking for <a href="http://inflection.readthedocs.org/en/latest/#inflection.underscore"><code>inflection.underscore()</code></a>:</p>
<pre><code>>... | 64 | 2013-06-26T19:34:34Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 19,940,888 | <p>Personally I am not sure how anything using regular expressions in python can be described as elegant. Most answers here are just doing "code golf" type RE tricks. Elegant coding is supposed to be easily understood.</p>
<pre><code>def un_camel(x):
final = ''
for item in x:
if item.isupper():
... | 14 | 2013-11-12T22:05:05Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 23,561,109 | <p>Concise without regular expressions, but HTTPResponseCode=> httpresponse_code:</p>
<pre><code>def from_camel(name):
"""
ThisIsCamelCase ==> this_is_camel_case
"""
name = name.replace("_", "")
_cas = lambda _x : [_i.isupper() for _i in _x]
seq = zip(_cas(name[1:-1]), _cas(name[2:]))
ss... | 0 | 2014-05-09T09:29:04Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 28,774,760 | <p>Using regexes may be the shortest, but this solution is way more readable:</p>
<pre><code>def to_snake_case(s):
snake = "".join(["_"+c.lower() if c.isupper() else c for c in s])
return snake[1:] if snake.startswith("_") else snake
</code></pre>
| 2 | 2015-02-27T21:39:18Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 32,064,723 | <p>Use: <code>str.capitalize()</code> to convert first letter of the string (contained in variable str) to a capital letter and returns the entire string.</p>
<p>Example:
Command: "hello".capitalize()
Output: Hello</p>
| -3 | 2015-08-18T06:07:33Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 32,252,101 | <p>Without any library :</p>
<pre><code>def camelify(out):
return (''.join(["_"+x.lower() if i<len(out)-1 and x.isupper() and out[i+1].islower()
else x.lower()+"_" if i<len(out)-1 and x.islower() and out[i+1].isupper()
else x.lower() for i,x in enumerate(list(out))])).lstrip('_').replace('_... | 0 | 2015-08-27T14:27:01Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 33,516,645 | <p>This simple method should do the job:</p>
<pre><code>import re
def convert(name):
return re.sub(r'([A-Z]*)([A-Z][a-z]+)', lambda x: (x.group(1) + '_' if x.group(1) else '') + x.group(2) + '_', name).rstrip('_').lower()
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>We look for capital letters that are precedeed by any number of (or ... | 0 | 2015-11-04T08:06:03Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 34,159,022 | <p>Lightely adapted from <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/users/267781/matth">http://stackoverflow.com/users/267781/matth</a>
who use generators.</p>
<pre><code>def uncamelize(s):
buff, l = '', []
for ltr in s:
if ltr.isupper():
if buff:
l.append(buff)
buff ... | 1 | 2015-12-08T14:57:20Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Elegant Python function to convert CamelCase to snake_case? | 1,175,208 | <p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>>>> convert('CamelCase')
'camel_case'
</code></pre>
| 238 | 2009-07-24T00:22:02Z | 36,357,670 | <p>Take a look at the excellent Schematics lib </p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/schematics/schematics" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/schematics/schematics</a></p>
<p>It allows you to created typed data structures that can serialize/deserialize from python to Javascript flavour, eg:</p>
<pre><code>class MapPri... | 1 | 2016-04-01T13:30:43Z | [
"python",
"camelcasing"
] |
Comparing dissimilar types in python | 1,175,529 | <p>First the code:</p>
<pre><code>class myClass(object):
def __cmp__(self, other):
return cmp(type(self), type(other)) or cmp(self.__something, other.__something)
</code></pre>
<p>Does this produce the same ordering as for other types in python? Is there a correct idiom
for this?</p>
<p><a href="http://... | 3 | 2009-07-24T02:43:46Z | 1,175,923 | <p>Python 2 unfortunately did support such "alien" comparisons (fortunately abrogated in Python 3). It's NOT easy to emulate the built-ins behavior because it has so many special cases, for example float and int compare directly (no type-comparison override as you have it coded) but complex makes any comparison (except... | 1 | 2009-07-24T05:58:13Z | [
"python"
] |
Comparing dissimilar types in python | 1,175,529 | <p>First the code:</p>
<pre><code>class myClass(object):
def __cmp__(self, other):
return cmp(type(self), type(other)) or cmp(self.__something, other.__something)
</code></pre>
<p>Does this produce the same ordering as for other types in python? Is there a correct idiom
for this?</p>
<p><a href="http://... | 3 | 2009-07-24T02:43:46Z | 1,183,941 | <p>What are you actually trying to do? Why would you want to sort or compare instances of different classes by class/type?</p>
<p>It's hard to propose a solution when you haven't actually posted the problem.</p>
<p>You need to define your own comparison methods for custom classes, and it's largely up to you to make s... | 0 | 2009-07-26T07:05:10Z | [
"python"
] |
Iterative find/replace from a list of tuples in Python | 1,175,540 | <p>I have a list of tuples, each containing a find/replace value that I would like to apply to a string. What would be the most efficient way to do so? I will be applying this iteratively, so performance is my biggest concern.</p>
<p>More concretely, what would the innards of processThis() look like?</p>
<pre><code>x... | 3 | 2009-07-24T02:48:28Z | 1,175,547 | <pre><code>x = 'find1, find2, find3'
y = [('find1', 'replace1'), ('find2', 'replace2'), ('find3', 'replace3')]
def processThis(str,lst):
for find, replace in lst:
str = str.replace(find, replace)
return str
>>> processThis(x,y)
'replace1, replace2, replace3'
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2009-07-24T02:53:08Z | [
"python",
"django",
"list",
"iteration",
"tuples"
] |
Iterative find/replace from a list of tuples in Python | 1,175,540 | <p>I have a list of tuples, each containing a find/replace value that I would like to apply to a string. What would be the most efficient way to do so? I will be applying this iteratively, so performance is my biggest concern.</p>
<p>More concretely, what would the innards of processThis() look like?</p>
<pre><code>x... | 3 | 2009-07-24T02:48:28Z | 1,175,554 | <p>You could consider using <code>re.sub</code>:</p>
<pre><code>import re
REPLACEMENTS = dict([('find1', 'replace1'),
('find2', 'replace2'),
('find3', 'replace3')])
def replacer(m):
return REPLACEMENTS[m.group(0)]
x = 'find1, find2, find3'
r = re.compile('|'.join(REPLACE... | 6 | 2009-07-24T02:55:05Z | [
"python",
"django",
"list",
"iteration",
"tuples"
] |
Iterative find/replace from a list of tuples in Python | 1,175,540 | <p>I have a list of tuples, each containing a find/replace value that I would like to apply to a string. What would be the most efficient way to do so? I will be applying this iteratively, so performance is my biggest concern.</p>
<p>More concretely, what would the innards of processThis() look like?</p>
<pre><code>x... | 3 | 2009-07-24T02:48:28Z | 1,175,576 | <pre><code>s = reduce(lambda x, repl: str.replace(x, *repl), lst, s)
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2009-07-24T03:05:45Z | [
"python",
"django",
"list",
"iteration",
"tuples"
] |
Iterative find/replace from a list of tuples in Python | 1,175,540 | <p>I have a list of tuples, each containing a find/replace value that I would like to apply to a string. What would be the most efficient way to do so? I will be applying this iteratively, so performance is my biggest concern.</p>
<p>More concretely, what would the innards of processThis() look like?</p>
<pre><code>x... | 3 | 2009-07-24T02:48:28Z | 1,175,640 | <p>A couple notes:</p>
<ol>
<li>The boilerplate argument about premature optimization, benchmarking, bottlenecks, 100 is small, etc.</li>
<li>There are cases where the different solutions will return different results. if <code>y = [('one', 'two'), ('two', 'three')]</code> and <code>x = 'one'</code> then mhawke's solu... | 1 | 2009-07-24T03:40:13Z | [
"python",
"django",
"list",
"iteration",
"tuples"
] |
Iterative find/replace from a list of tuples in Python | 1,175,540 | <p>I have a list of tuples, each containing a find/replace value that I would like to apply to a string. What would be the most efficient way to do so? I will be applying this iteratively, so performance is my biggest concern.</p>
<p>More concretely, what would the innards of processThis() look like?</p>
<pre><code>x... | 3 | 2009-07-24T02:48:28Z | 38,260,657 | <p>Same answer as mhawke, enclosed with method str_replace</p>
<pre><code>def str_replace(data, search_n_replace_dict):
import re
REPLACEMENTS = search_n_replace_dict
def replacer(m):
return REPLACEMENTS[m.group(0)]
r = re.compile('|'.join(REPLACEMENTS.keys()))
return r.sub(replacer, data... | 0 | 2016-07-08T06:57:41Z | [
"python",
"django",
"list",
"iteration",
"tuples"
] |
How can I display updating output of a slow script using Pylons? | 1,175,748 | <p>I am writing an application in Pylons that relies on the output of some system commands such as traceroute. I would like to display the output of the command as it is generated rather than wait for it to complete and then display all at once.</p>
<p>I found how to access the output of the command in Python with th... | 0 | 2009-07-24T04:26:26Z | 1,175,909 | <p><code>pexpect</code> will let you get the output as it comes, with no buffering.</p>
<p>To update info promptly on the user's browser, you need javascript on that browser sending appropriate AJAX requests to your server (dojo or jquery will make that easier, though they're not strictly required) and updating the pa... | 1 | 2009-07-24T05:54:31Z | [
"python",
"pylons"
] |
How can I display updating output of a slow script using Pylons? | 1,175,748 | <p>I am writing an application in Pylons that relies on the output of some system commands such as traceroute. I would like to display the output of the command as it is generated rather than wait for it to complete and then display all at once.</p>
<p>I found how to access the output of the command in Python with th... | 0 | 2009-07-24T04:26:26Z | 1,178,314 | <p>I haven't tried it with pylons, but you could try to show the output of the slow component in an iframe on the page (using mime type text/plain) and yield each chunk to the iframe as it is generated. For fun I just put this together as a
WHIFF demo. Here is the slowly generated web content wsgi application:</p>
... | 0 | 2009-07-24T15:10:55Z | [
"python",
"pylons"
] |
How can I display updating output of a slow script using Pylons? | 1,175,748 | <p>I am writing an application in Pylons that relies on the output of some system commands such as traceroute. I would like to display the output of the command as it is generated rather than wait for it to complete and then display all at once.</p>
<p>I found how to access the output of the command in Python with th... | 0 | 2009-07-24T04:26:26Z | 1,224,684 | <p>You may want to look at this <a href="http://wiki.pylonshq.com/display/pylonsfaq/Streaming+Content+to+the+Browser" rel="nofollow">faq</a> entry. Then with JS, you always clear the screen before writing new stuff.</p>
| 1 | 2009-08-03T21:15:37Z | [
"python",
"pylons"
] |
How to use .pem file with Python M2Crypto | 1,176,055 | <p>To generate an RSA key pair I used openssl:</p>
<pre><code>openssl genrsa -out my_key.private.pem 1024
openssl rsa -in my_key.private.pem -pubout -out my_key.public.pem
</code></pre>
<p>Now I want to use this my_key.public.pem file in a function of another .py file:</p>
<pre><code>import M2Crypto
from M2Crypto im... | 2 | 2009-07-24T06:34:57Z | 1,176,205 | <p>According to the <a href="http://www.heikkitoivonen.net/m2crypto/api/" rel="nofollow">documentation</a> the <code>load_pub_key</code> expects a file name as input. It returns a <code>M2Crypto.RSA.RSA_pub</code> object, which doesn't make sense to print. What exactly are trying to achieve?</p>
| 4 | 2009-07-24T07:19:14Z | [
"python",
"m2crypto",
"pem"
] |
How to use .pem file with Python M2Crypto | 1,176,055 | <p>To generate an RSA key pair I used openssl:</p>
<pre><code>openssl genrsa -out my_key.private.pem 1024
openssl rsa -in my_key.private.pem -pubout -out my_key.public.pem
</code></pre>
<p>Now I want to use this my_key.public.pem file in a function of another .py file:</p>
<pre><code>import M2Crypto
from M2Crypto im... | 2 | 2009-07-24T06:34:57Z | 4,145,761 | <p>Try this:</p>
<pre><code>RSA.load_key('mykey.pem')
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2010-11-10T14:56:59Z | [
"python",
"m2crypto",
"pem"
] |
Convert string to Python class object? | 1,176,136 | <p>Given a string as user input to a python function, I'd like to get a class object out of it if there's a class with that name in the currently defined namespace. Essentially, I want the implementation for a function which will produce this kind of result:</p>
<pre><code>class Foo:
pass
str_to_class("Foo")
==&g... | 84 | 2009-07-24T07:01:23Z | 1,176,179 | <p>You could do something like:</p>
<pre><code>globals()[class_name]
</code></pre>
| 60 | 2009-07-24T07:12:08Z | [
"python"
] |
Convert string to Python class object? | 1,176,136 | <p>Given a string as user input to a python function, I'd like to get a class object out of it if there's a class with that name in the currently defined namespace. Essentially, I want the implementation for a function which will produce this kind of result:</p>
<pre><code>class Foo:
pass
str_to_class("Foo")
==&g... | 84 | 2009-07-24T07:01:23Z | 1,176,180 | <p>This could work:</p>
<pre><code>import sys
def str_to_class(str):
return getattr(sys.modules[__name__], str)
</code></pre>
| 80 | 2009-07-24T07:13:10Z | [
"python"
] |
Convert string to Python class object? | 1,176,136 | <p>Given a string as user input to a python function, I'd like to get a class object out of it if there's a class with that name in the currently defined namespace. Essentially, I want the implementation for a function which will produce this kind of result:</p>
<pre><code>class Foo:
pass
str_to_class("Foo")
==&g... | 84 | 2009-07-24T07:01:23Z | 1,176,194 | <p>Yes, you can do this. Assuming your classes exist in the global namespace, something like this will do it:</p>
<pre><code>import types
class Foo:
pass
def str_to_class(s):
if s in globals() and isinstance(globals()[s], types.ClassType):
return globals()[s]
return None
str_to_class('Foo')
... | 1 | 2009-07-24T07:16:32Z | [
"python"
] |
Convert string to Python class object? | 1,176,136 | <p>Given a string as user input to a python function, I'd like to get a class object out of it if there's a class with that name in the currently defined namespace. Essentially, I want the implementation for a function which will produce this kind of result:</p>
<pre><code>class Foo:
pass
str_to_class("Foo")
==&g... | 84 | 2009-07-24T07:01:23Z | 1,176,225 | <pre><code>import sys
import types
def str_to_class(field):
try:
identifier = getattr(sys.modules[__name__], field)
except AttributeError:
raise NameError("%s doesn't exist." % field)
if isinstance(identifier, (types.ClassType, types.TypeType)):
return identifier
raise TypeError... | 16 | 2009-07-24T07:25:27Z | [
"python"
] |
Convert string to Python class object? | 1,176,136 | <p>Given a string as user input to a python function, I'd like to get a class object out of it if there's a class with that name in the currently defined namespace. Essentially, I want the implementation for a function which will produce this kind of result:</p>
<pre><code>class Foo:
pass
str_to_class("Foo")
==&g... | 84 | 2009-07-24T07:01:23Z | 1,178,089 | <p>This seems simplest.</p>
<pre><code>>>> class Foo(object):
... pass
...
>>> eval("Foo")
<class '__main__.Foo'>
</code></pre>
| 55 | 2009-07-24T14:32:24Z | [
"python"
] |
Convert string to Python class object? | 1,176,136 | <p>Given a string as user input to a python function, I'd like to get a class object out of it if there's a class with that name in the currently defined namespace. Essentially, I want the implementation for a function which will produce this kind of result:</p>
<pre><code>class Foo:
pass
str_to_class("Foo")
==&g... | 84 | 2009-07-24T07:01:23Z | 13,808,375 | <p>You want the class "Baz", which lives in module "foo.bar". With python 2.7,
you want to use importlib.import_module(), as this will make transitioning to
python 3 easier: </p>
<pre><code>import importlib
def class_for_name(module_name, class_name):
# load the module, will raise ImportError if module cannot be ... | 44 | 2012-12-10T20:08:18Z | [
"python"
] |
Convert string to Python class object? | 1,176,136 | <p>Given a string as user input to a python function, I'd like to get a class object out of it if there's a class with that name in the currently defined namespace. Essentially, I want the implementation for a function which will produce this kind of result:</p>
<pre><code>class Foo:
pass
str_to_class("Foo")
==&g... | 84 | 2009-07-24T07:01:23Z | 19,273,974 | <p>In terms of arbitrary code execution, or undesired user passed names, you could have a list of acceptable function/class names, and if the input matches one in the list, it is eval'd.</p>
<p>PS: I know....kinda late....but it's for anyone else who stumbles across this in the future.</p>
| 1 | 2013-10-09T13:49:35Z | [
"python"
] |
Convert string to Python class object? | 1,176,136 | <p>Given a string as user input to a python function, I'd like to get a class object out of it if there's a class with that name in the currently defined namespace. Essentially, I want the implementation for a function which will produce this kind of result:</p>
<pre><code>class Foo:
pass
str_to_class("Foo")
==&g... | 84 | 2009-07-24T07:01:23Z | 33,662,482 | <p>Using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html" rel="nofollow">importlib</a> worked the best for me.</p>
<pre><code>import importlib
importlib.import_module('accounting.views')
</code></pre>
<p>This uses <em>string dot notation</em> for the python module that you want to import.</p>
| 0 | 2015-11-12T00:34:01Z | [
"python"
] |
Convert string to Python class object? | 1,176,136 | <p>Given a string as user input to a python function, I'd like to get a class object out of it if there's a class with that name in the currently defined namespace. Essentially, I want the implementation for a function which will produce this kind of result:</p>
<pre><code>class Foo:
pass
str_to_class("Foo")
==&g... | 84 | 2009-07-24T07:01:23Z | 34,963,527 | <p>I've looked at how django handles this</p>
<p>django.utils.module_loading has this</p>
<pre><code>def import_string(dotted_path):
"""
Import a dotted module path and return the attribute/class designated by the
last name in the path. Raise ImportError if the import failed.
"""
try:
modu... | 0 | 2016-01-23T12:36:01Z | [
"python"
] |
Python equivalent of PropertyUtilsBean | 1,176,139 | <p><br />
I was wondering, is there a Python equivalent to Apache commons' PropertyUtilsBean?</p>
<p><strong>Edit:</strong><br />
For example, I'd like to be able to make this assignment</p>
<pre><code>x.y[2].z = v
</code></pre>
<p>given "y[2].z" as a string.<br />
Please note, I'm asking just because I'd like to no... | 0 | 2009-07-24T07:02:19Z | 1,176,272 | <p>Do you mean something like <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#setattr" rel="nofollow"><code>setattr</code></a>?</p>
<p>From its docstring:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre><code>setattr(object, name, value)
</code></pre>
<p>Set a named attribute on an object;
setattr(x, 'y', v) is equivalent to
`... | 1 | 2009-07-24T07:44:57Z | [
"python",
"apache-commons"
] |
Python equivalent of PropertyUtilsBean | 1,176,139 | <p><br />
I was wondering, is there a Python equivalent to Apache commons' PropertyUtilsBean?</p>
<p><strong>Edit:</strong><br />
For example, I'd like to be able to make this assignment</p>
<pre><code>x.y[2].z = v
</code></pre>
<p>given "y[2].z" as a string.<br />
Please note, I'm asking just because I'd like to no... | 0 | 2009-07-24T07:02:19Z | 1,176,293 | <p>Why do you need such a thing when there's <a href="http://docs.python.org/reference/simple%5Fstmts.html#the-exec-statement" rel="nofollow">exec</a>?</p>
| 1 | 2009-07-24T07:52:22Z | [
"python",
"apache-commons"
] |
How to generate pdf with epydoc? | 1,176,407 | <p>I am considering epydoc for the documentation of one module. It looks ok to me and is working fine when I am generating html document.</p>
<p>I would like to try to generate the documenation in the pdf format. I've just modified the 'output' setting in my config file. </p>
<p>Unfortunately, epydoc fails when gener... | 1 | 2009-07-24T08:32:10Z | 1,180,671 | <p>I suppose that you used an existing conf file.</p>
<p>If you have a closer look inside, you will see an option <code>pstat: profile.out</code>. This options says that the file <code>profile.out</code> will be used to generate the call graph (see <a href="http://epydoc.sourceforge.net/manual-reference.html" rel="nof... | 3 | 2009-07-24T23:34:32Z | [
"python",
"documentation",
"latex",
"epydoc"
] |
How to filter files (with known type) from os.walk? | 1,176,441 | <p>I have list from <code>os.walk</code>. But I want to exclude some directories and files. I know how to do it with directories:</p>
<pre><code>for root, dirs, files in os.walk('C:/My_files/test'):
if "Update" in dirs:
dirs.remove("Update")
</code></pre>
<p>But how can I do it with files, which type I kn... | 17 | 2009-07-24T08:40:31Z | 1,176,465 | <pre><code>files = [file for file in files if os.path.splitext(file)[1] != '.dat']
</code></pre>
| 2 | 2009-07-24T08:48:23Z | [
"python"
] |
How to filter files (with known type) from os.walk? | 1,176,441 | <p>I have list from <code>os.walk</code>. But I want to exclude some directories and files. I know how to do it with directories:</p>
<pre><code>for root, dirs, files in os.walk('C:/My_files/test'):
if "Update" in dirs:
dirs.remove("Update")
</code></pre>
<p>But how can I do it with files, which type I kn... | 17 | 2009-07-24T08:40:31Z | 1,176,559 | <p>A concise way of writing it, if you do this a lot:</p>
<pre><code>def exclude_ext(ext):
def compare(fn): return os.path.splitext(fn)[1] != ext
return compare
files = filter(exclude_ext(".dat"), files)
</code></pre>
<p>Of course, exclude_ext goes in your appropriate utility package.</p>
| 3 | 2009-07-24T09:16:36Z | [
"python"
] |
How to filter files (with known type) from os.walk? | 1,176,441 | <p>I have list from <code>os.walk</code>. But I want to exclude some directories and files. I know how to do it with directories:</p>
<pre><code>for root, dirs, files in os.walk('C:/My_files/test'):
if "Update" in dirs:
dirs.remove("Update")
</code></pre>
<p>But how can I do it with files, which type I kn... | 17 | 2009-07-24T08:40:31Z | 1,176,824 | <pre><code>files = [ fi for fi in files if not fi.endswith(".dat") ]
</code></pre>
| 21 | 2009-07-24T10:23:41Z | [
"python"
] |
How to filter files (with known type) from os.walk? | 1,176,441 | <p>I have list from <code>os.walk</code>. But I want to exclude some directories and files. I know how to do it with directories:</p>
<pre><code>for root, dirs, files in os.walk('C:/My_files/test'):
if "Update" in dirs:
dirs.remove("Update")
</code></pre>
<p>But how can I do it with files, which type I kn... | 17 | 2009-07-24T08:40:31Z | 1,179,222 | <p>Should be exactly what you need:</p>
<pre><code>if thisFile.endswith(".txt"):
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2009-07-24T18:03:18Z | [
"python"
] |
How to filter files (with known type) from os.walk? | 1,176,441 | <p>I have list from <code>os.walk</code>. But I want to exclude some directories and files. I know how to do it with directories:</p>
<pre><code>for root, dirs, files in os.walk('C:/My_files/test'):
if "Update" in dirs:
dirs.remove("Update")
</code></pre>
<p>But how can I do it with files, which type I kn... | 17 | 2009-07-24T08:40:31Z | 1,179,420 | <p>Try this:</p>
<pre><code>import os
skippingWalk = lambda targetDirectory, excludedExtentions: (
(root, dirs, [F for F in files if os.path.splitext(F)[1] not in excludedExtentions])
for (root, dirs, files) in os.walk(targetDirectory)
)
for line in skippingWalk("C:/My_files/test", [".dat"]):
print line... | 2 | 2009-07-24T18:41:11Z | [
"python"
] |
How to filter files (with known type) from os.walk? | 1,176,441 | <p>I have list from <code>os.walk</code>. But I want to exclude some directories and files. I know how to do it with directories:</p>
<pre><code>for root, dirs, files in os.walk('C:/My_files/test'):
if "Update" in dirs:
dirs.remove("Update")
</code></pre>
<p>But how can I do it with files, which type I kn... | 17 | 2009-07-24T08:40:31Z | 9,523,148 | <p>And in one more way, because I just wrote this, and then stumbled upon this question:</p>
<p><code>files = filter(lambda file: not file.endswith('.txt'), files)</code></p>
| 1 | 2012-03-01T20:02:06Z | [
"python"
] |
How to filter files (with known type) from os.walk? | 1,176,441 | <p>I have list from <code>os.walk</code>. But I want to exclude some directories and files. I know how to do it with directories:</p>
<pre><code>for root, dirs, files in os.walk('C:/My_files/test'):
if "Update" in dirs:
dirs.remove("Update")
</code></pre>
<p>But how can I do it with files, which type I kn... | 17 | 2009-07-24T08:40:31Z | 10,812,969 | <p>Exclude multiple extensions.</p>
<pre><code>files = [ file for file in files if not file.endswith( ('.dat','.tar') ) ]
</code></pre>
| 10 | 2012-05-30T08:52:24Z | [
"python"
] |
How to filter files (with known type) from os.walk? | 1,176,441 | <p>I have list from <code>os.walk</code>. But I want to exclude some directories and files. I know how to do it with directories:</p>
<pre><code>for root, dirs, files in os.walk('C:/My_files/test'):
if "Update" in dirs:
dirs.remove("Update")
</code></pre>
<p>But how can I do it with files, which type I kn... | 17 | 2009-07-24T08:40:31Z | 17,010,837 | <p>Another solution would be to use the functions from <a href="http://docs.python.org/2/library/fnmatch.html" rel="nofollow">fnmatch</a> module:</p>
<pre><code>def MatchesExtensions(name,extensions=["*.dat", "*.txt", "*.whatever"]):
for pattern in extensions:
if fnmatch.fnmatch(pattern):
return True
ret... | 1 | 2013-06-09T14:51:11Z | [
"python"
] |
IO completion port key confusion | 1,176,477 | <p>I'm writing an IO completion port based server (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/pyiocp/source/browse/01%20-%20Work%20in%20Progress/03%20-%20Serving.py">source code here</a>) using the Windows DLL API in Python using the ctypes module. But this is a pretty direct usage of the API and this question is directed at t... | 6 | 2009-07-24T08:52:37Z | 1,176,694 | <p><code>GetQueuedCompletionStatus</code> returns two things, an <code>OVERLAPPED</code> structure and a completion key. The completion key represents per-device information, and the <code>OVERLAPPED</code> structure represents per-call information. The completion key should match what was given in the call to <code>... | 1 | 2009-07-24T09:50:51Z | [
"python",
"windows",
"winsock",
"ctypes",
"iocp"
] |
IO completion port key confusion | 1,176,477 | <p>I'm writing an IO completion port based server (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/pyiocp/source/browse/01%20-%20Work%20in%20Progress/03%20-%20Serving.py">source code here</a>) using the Windows DLL API in Python using the ctypes module. But this is a pretty direct usage of the API and this question is directed at t... | 6 | 2009-07-24T08:52:37Z | 1,181,330 | <p>The problem is in how I am passing the completion keys. The completion key argument is a pointer, yet it passes back the pointer not the value pointed to - a little confusing to me at least.</p>
<p>Also the completion key passed for the accepted connection overlapped packet is that of the listening socket - not th... | 0 | 2009-07-25T05:58:45Z | [
"python",
"windows",
"winsock",
"ctypes",
"iocp"
] |
IO completion port key confusion | 1,176,477 | <p>I'm writing an IO completion port based server (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/pyiocp/source/browse/01%20-%20Work%20in%20Progress/03%20-%20Serving.py">source code here</a>) using the Windows DLL API in Python using the ctypes module. But this is a pretty direct usage of the API and this question is directed at t... | 6 | 2009-07-24T08:52:37Z | 2,330,449 | <p>What I've found in everyday practice is that it is best to simply focus on the <code>OVERLAPPED</code> result, as that will be unchanged. One way that you can use it effectively is to have something like the following:</p>
<pre><code>struct CompletionHandler
{
OVERLAPPED dummy_ovl;
/* Stuff that actually m... | 4 | 2010-02-24T23:20:48Z | [
"python",
"windows",
"winsock",
"ctypes",
"iocp"
] |
IO completion port key confusion | 1,176,477 | <p>I'm writing an IO completion port based server (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/pyiocp/source/browse/01%20-%20Work%20in%20Progress/03%20-%20Serving.py">source code here</a>) using the Windows DLL API in Python using the ctypes module. But this is a pretty direct usage of the API and this question is directed at t... | 6 | 2009-07-24T08:52:37Z | 2,565,448 | <p>Completion key is not a pointer - it is a number of type ULONG_PTR, which just means "an integer the size of a pointer" so it is 32-bits on x86 and 64-bits on x64. The typename is confusing, but when win32 typenames refer to a pointer they do it by having a P at the front of the name, not the end.</p>
| 0 | 2010-04-02T07:01:23Z | [
"python",
"windows",
"winsock",
"ctypes",
"iocp"
] |
IO completion port key confusion | 1,176,477 | <p>I'm writing an IO completion port based server (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/pyiocp/source/browse/01%20-%20Work%20in%20Progress/03%20-%20Serving.py">source code here</a>) using the Windows DLL API in Python using the ctypes module. But this is a pretty direct usage of the API and this question is directed at t... | 6 | 2009-07-24T08:52:37Z | 7,828,469 | <p>If your application is multithreading, make sure that the CompletionKey you're passing is either constant or a pointer value to object on heap rather than on stack. In your example where 100 is passed as constant, you must be wrong to say any change. But as to the problem it could be that you pass a socket handle in... | 0 | 2011-10-19T21:34:49Z | [
"python",
"windows",
"winsock",
"ctypes",
"iocp"
] |
IO completion port key confusion | 1,176,477 | <p>I'm writing an IO completion port based server (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/pyiocp/source/browse/01%20-%20Work%20in%20Progress/03%20-%20Serving.py">source code here</a>) using the Windows DLL API in Python using the ctypes module. But this is a pretty direct usage of the API and this question is directed at t... | 6 | 2009-07-24T08:52:37Z | 7,832,010 | <p>You should think about the completion key as 'per connection' data and the (extended) overlapped structure as 'per i/o' operation. </p>
<p>Some people use an extended overlapped structure for BOTH and store all the information that they need in the extended overlapped structure. I have always stored a reference cou... | 1 | 2011-10-20T06:35:35Z | [
"python",
"windows",
"winsock",
"ctypes",
"iocp"
] |
Using ADODBAPI-Python | 1,176,521 | <p>Can you list some resources that explain using ADODBAPI in python.?</p>
| 1 | 2009-07-24T09:06:23Z | 1,177,335 | <p>ADO can be accessed with <a href="http://python.net/crew/mhammond/win32/Downloads.html" rel="nofollow">win32 extensions for python</a>.</p>
<p>ADO is acessible through COM objects. </p>
<p>You can have a look at this page that would give a lot of info: <a href="http://www.ecp.cc/pyado.html" rel="nofollow">http://w... | 0 | 2009-07-24T12:27:09Z | [
"python",
"database"
] |
Return files only from specific folder | 1,176,624 | <p>I wrote a function in Python, that must return file from specific folder and all subfolders. File name taken from function parameter:</p>
<pre><code>def ReturnFile(fileName)
return open("C:\\folder\\" + fileName,"r")
</code></pre>
<p>But as <code>fileName</code> you can pass for example: <code>"..\\Windows\\pass... | 0 | 2009-07-24T09:34:44Z | 1,176,757 | <p>The <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#os.path.normpath" rel="nofollow"><code>os.path.normpath</code></a> function normalizes a given path py resolving things like "..". Then you can check if the resulting path is in the expected directory:</p>
<pre><code>def ReturnFile(fileName)
norm = os.path.... | 4 | 2009-07-24T10:03:11Z | [
"python"
] |
Return files only from specific folder | 1,176,624 | <p>I wrote a function in Python, that must return file from specific folder and all subfolders. File name taken from function parameter:</p>
<pre><code>def ReturnFile(fileName)
return open("C:\\folder\\" + fileName,"r")
</code></pre>
<p>But as <code>fileName</code> you can pass for example: <code>"..\\Windows\\pass... | 0 | 2009-07-24T09:34:44Z | 1,176,783 | <p>How about this:</p>
<pre><code>import os
_BASE_PATH= "C:\\folder\\"
def return_file(file_name):
"Return File Object from Base Path named `file_name`"
os.path.normpath(file_name).split(os.path.sep)[-1]
return(open(_BASE_PATH+file_name))
</code></pre>
| 1 | 2009-07-24T10:09:01Z | [
"python"
] |
How do I add items to a gtk.ComboBox created through glade at runtime? | 1,176,748 | <p>I'm using Glade 3 to create a GtkBuilder file for a PyGTK app I'm working on. It's for managing bandwidth, so I have a gtk.ComboBox for selecting the network interface to track. </p>
<p>How do I add strings to the ComboBox at runtime? This is what I have so far:</p>
<pre><code>self.tracked_interface = builder.get_... | 3 | 2009-07-24T10:01:58Z | 1,176,848 | <p>Hey, I actually get to answer my own question!</p>
<p>You have to add gtk.CellRendererText into there for it to actually render:</p>
<pre><code>self.iface_list_store = gtk.ListStore(gobject.TYPE_STRING)
self.iface_list_store.append(["hello, "])
self.iface_list_store.append(["world."])
self.tracked_interface.set_mo... | 4 | 2009-07-24T10:31:33Z | [
"python",
"gtk",
"pygtk"
] |
How do I add items to a gtk.ComboBox created through glade at runtime? | 1,176,748 | <p>I'm using Glade 3 to create a GtkBuilder file for a PyGTK app I'm working on. It's for managing bandwidth, so I have a gtk.ComboBox for selecting the network interface to track. </p>
<p>How do I add strings to the ComboBox at runtime? This is what I have so far:</p>
<pre><code>self.tracked_interface = builder.get_... | 3 | 2009-07-24T10:01:58Z | 1,177,233 | <p>Or you could just create and insert the combo box yourself using <a href="http://library.gnome.org/devel/pygtk/stable/class-gtkcombobox.html#function-gtk--combo-box-new-text"><code>gtk.combo_box_new_text()</code></a>. Then you'll be able to use gtk shortcuts to <a href="http://library.gnome.org/devel/pygtk/stable/cl... | 5 | 2009-07-24T12:03:09Z | [
"python",
"gtk",
"pygtk"
] |
How do I add items to a gtk.ComboBox created through glade at runtime? | 1,176,748 | <p>I'm using Glade 3 to create a GtkBuilder file for a PyGTK app I'm working on. It's for managing bandwidth, so I have a gtk.ComboBox for selecting the network interface to track. </p>
<p>How do I add strings to the ComboBox at runtime? This is what I have so far:</p>
<pre><code>self.tracked_interface = builder.get_... | 3 | 2009-07-24T10:01:58Z | 5,987,859 | <p>Just in case anyone else uses this, the last line of code should be:</p>
<pre><code>self.tracked_interface.add_attribute(cell, "text", 0)
</code></pre>
<p>instead of:</p>
<pre><code>self.tracked_interface.(cell, "text", 0)
</code></pre>
| 2 | 2011-05-13T06:04:57Z | [
"python",
"gtk",
"pygtk"
] |
Python file read problem | 1,176,988 | <pre><code>file_read = open("/var/www/rajaneesh/file/_config.php", "r")
contents = file_read.read()
print contents
file_read.close()
</code></pre>
<p>The output is empty, but in that file all contents are there. Please help me how to do read and replace a string in <code>__conifg.php</code>.</p... | 1 | 2009-07-24T11:06:10Z | 1,177,049 | <p>Usually, when there is such kind of issues, it is very useful to start the <strong>interactive shell</strong> and analyze all commands.</p>
<p>For instance, it could be that the file does not exists (see comment from freiksenet) or you do not have privileges to it, or it is locked by another process.<br />
If you e... | 4 | 2009-07-24T11:23:25Z | [
"python",
"file-io"
] |
Python file read problem | 1,176,988 | <pre><code>file_read = open("/var/www/rajaneesh/file/_config.php", "r")
contents = file_read.read()
print contents
file_read.close()
</code></pre>
<p>The output is empty, but in that file all contents are there. Please help me how to do read and replace a string in <code>__conifg.php</code>.</p... | 1 | 2009-07-24T11:06:10Z | 1,178,039 | <p>Would it be possible that you don't have read access to the file you are trying to open?</p>
| 0 | 2009-07-24T14:24:00Z | [
"python",
"file-io"
] |
Python file read problem | 1,176,988 | <pre><code>file_read = open("/var/www/rajaneesh/file/_config.php", "r")
contents = file_read.read()
print contents
file_read.close()
</code></pre>
<p>The output is empty, but in that file all contents are there. Please help me how to do read and replace a string in <code>__conifg.php</code>.</p... | 1 | 2009-07-24T11:06:10Z | 1,178,203 | <p>I copied your code onto my own system, and changed the filename so that it works on my system. Also, I changed the indenting (putting everything at the same level) from what shows in your question. With those changes, the code worked fine.</p>
<p>Thus, I think it's something else specific to your system that we p... | 2 | 2009-07-24T14:51:19Z | [
"python",
"file-io"
] |
How to do scheduled sending of email with django-mailer | 1,177,088 | <p>I'm making a django app that needs to be able to make emails and then send these out at a given time. I was thinking i could use django-mailer to put things in que and then send it of. But even though theire sample case list, lists that this is a feature, I cant seem to find out how.</p>
<p>What I need is to be abl... | 3 | 2009-07-24T11:32:49Z | 1,177,837 | <p>You can just add another clause to the conditionals under your message processing loop (you will also need to import datetime at the top of your file):</p>
<pre><code> for message in prioritize():
if DontSendEntry.objects.has_address(message.to_address):
logging.info("skipping em... | 0 | 2009-07-24T13:54:31Z | [
"python",
"django",
"email",
"schedule",
"django-mailer"
] |
How to do scheduled sending of email with django-mailer | 1,177,088 | <p>I'm making a django app that needs to be able to make emails and then send these out at a given time. I was thinking i could use django-mailer to put things in que and then send it of. But even though theire sample case list, lists that this is a feature, I cant seem to find out how.</p>
<p>What I need is to be abl... | 3 | 2009-07-24T11:32:49Z | 1,836,054 | <p>You need to implement the cron job for <a href="http://github.com/jtauber/django-mailer/blob/master/docs/usage.txt" rel="nofollow">django-mailer</a>:</p>
<pre><code>* * * * * (cd $PINAX; /usr/local/bin/python2.5 manage.py send_mail >> $PINAX/cron_mail.log 2>&1)
</code></pre>
<p>And then in <a href="ht... | 3 | 2009-12-02T21:48:42Z | [
"python",
"django",
"email",
"schedule",
"django-mailer"
] |
Python- about file-handle limits on OS | 1,177,230 | <p>HI i wrote a program by python , and when i open too many tempfile, i will got an exception: Too many open files ...
Then i figure out that windows OS or C runtime has the file-handle limits, so, i alter my program using StringIO(), but still don`t know whether StringIO also is limited??</p>
| 4 | 2009-07-24T12:02:40Z | 1,177,261 | <p>Python's StringIO does not use OS file handles, so it won't be limited in the same way. StringIO will be limited by available virtual memory, but you've probably got heaps of available memory.</p>
<p>Normally the OS allows a single process to open thousands of files before running into the limit, so if your program... | 7 | 2009-07-24T12:08:33Z | [
"python"
] |
Decoding double encoded utf8 in Python | 1,177,316 | <p>I've got a problem with strings that I get from one of my clients over xmlrpc. He sends me utf8 strings that are encoded twice :( so when I get them in python I have an unicode object that has to be decoded one more time, but obviously python doesn't allow that. I've noticed my client however I need to do quick work... | 14 | 2009-07-24T12:23:26Z | 1,177,542 | <pre>
>>> s = u'Rafa\xc5\x82'
>>> s.encode('raw_unicode_escape').decode('utf-8')
u'Rafa\u0142'
>>>
</pre>
| 32 | 2009-07-24T13:11:26Z | [
"python",
"string",
"utf-8",
"decode"
] |
Decoding double encoded utf8 in Python | 1,177,316 | <p>I've got a problem with strings that I get from one of my clients over xmlrpc. He sends me utf8 strings that are encoded twice :( so when I get them in python I have an unicode object that has to be decoded one more time, but obviously python doesn't allow that. I've noticed my client however I need to do quick work... | 14 | 2009-07-24T12:23:26Z | 1,177,568 | <p>Yow, that was fun!</p>
<pre><code>>>> original = "Rafa\xc3\x85\xc2\x82"
>>> first_decode = original.decode('utf-8')
>>> as_chars = ''.join([chr(ord(x)) for x in first_decode])
>>> result = as_chars.decode('utf-8')
>>> result
u'Rafa\u0142'
</code></pre>
<p>So you do the ... | 3 | 2009-07-24T13:15:27Z | [
"python",
"string",
"utf-8",
"decode"
] |
Decoding double encoded utf8 in Python | 1,177,316 | <p>I've got a problem with strings that I get from one of my clients over xmlrpc. He sends me utf8 strings that are encoded twice :( so when I get them in python I have an unicode object that has to be decoded one more time, but obviously python doesn't allow that. I've noticed my client however I need to do quick work... | 14 | 2009-07-24T12:23:26Z | 1,178,086 | <pre><code>>>> weird = u'Rafa\xc5\x82'
>>> weird.encode('latin1').decode('utf8')
u'Rafa\u0142'
>>>
</code></pre>
<p>latin1 is just an abbreviation for Richie's nuts'n'bolts method.</p>
<p>It is very curious that the seriously under-described <code>raw_unicode_escape</code> codec gives the s... | 1 | 2009-07-24T14:31:52Z | [
"python",
"string",
"utf-8",
"decode"
] |
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