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5
What are built-in identifiers in Python?
38,364,868
<p>I was reading <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/errors.html#exceptions" rel="nofollow">Python tutorial</a> and came across this line which I couldn't understand:</p> <blockquote> <p>Standard exception names are built-in identifiers (not reserved keywords).</p> </blockquote> <p>What is meant by <code>...
1
2016-07-14T03:10:30Z
38,364,922
<p>In Python, an identifier is the name given to a particular entity, be it a class, variable, function etc. For example, when I write:</p> <pre><code>some_variable = 2 try: x = 6 / (some_variable - 2) except ZeroDivisionError: x = None </code></pre> <p>both <code>some_variable</code> and <code>x</code> are i...
1
2016-07-14T03:20:03Z
[ "python", "python-2.7" ]
What are built-in identifiers in Python?
38,364,868
<p>I was reading <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/errors.html#exceptions" rel="nofollow">Python tutorial</a> and came across this line which I couldn't understand:</p> <blockquote> <p>Standard exception names are built-in identifiers (not reserved keywords).</p> </blockquote> <p>What is meant by <code>...
1
2016-07-14T03:10:30Z
38,364,952
<p>Identifiers are 'variable names'. Built-ins are, well, built-in objects that come with Python and don't need to be imported. They are associated with identifiers in the same way we can associate 5 with <code>foo</code> by saying <code>foo = 5</code>.</p> <p>Keywords are special tokens like <code>def</code>. Identif...
1
2016-07-14T03:23:25Z
[ "python", "python-2.7" ]
What are built-in identifiers in Python?
38,364,868
<p>I was reading <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/errors.html#exceptions" rel="nofollow">Python tutorial</a> and came across this line which I couldn't understand:</p> <blockquote> <p>Standard exception names are built-in identifiers (not reserved keywords).</p> </blockquote> <p>What is meant by <code>...
1
2016-07-14T03:10:30Z
38,364,955
<p>It is exactly what you think it is, a name of a thing which isn't a function, and isn't a command like "while", and comes built-in to Python. e.g.</p> <p>A function is something like <code>open()</code>, a keyword is something like <code>while</code> and an identifier is something like <code>True</code>, or <code>I...
3
2016-07-14T03:23:47Z
[ "python", "python-2.7" ]
What are built-in identifiers in Python?
38,364,868
<p>I was reading <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/errors.html#exceptions" rel="nofollow">Python tutorial</a> and came across this line which I couldn't understand:</p> <blockquote> <p>Standard exception names are built-in identifiers (not reserved keywords).</p> </blockquote> <p>What is meant by <code>...
1
2016-07-14T03:10:30Z
38,365,627
<p>You can get all the builtins using following command ...</p> <pre><code>dir(__builtins__) </code></pre> <p>it will give following output</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; dir(__builtins__) ['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException', 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 'Byte...
0
2016-07-14T04:42:19Z
[ "python", "python-2.7" ]
why python need to open file every time when we use the data?
38,364,923
<p>The code below have two same lines, but I think fr is already opened by the first line. I try to remove the second lines, but the code failed. So why we need to the open file everytime when we use it?</p> <pre><code>def file2matrix(filename): fr = open(filename) #&lt;------------------------- numberOfLines ...
0
2016-07-14T03:20:12Z
38,365,081
<p>You don't need to reopen the file, but you do need to go back to the beginning.</p> <p>The readline() function reads a line in a file. Each time you call readline(), the pointer will move to the next line.</p> <p>readlines() calls readline() until it gets to the end of the file. If you want to move back to the beg...
1
2016-07-14T03:41:19Z
[ "python", "function", "built-in" ]
Why are python static/class method not callable?
38,364,980
<p>Why are python instance methods callable, but static methods and class methods not callable?</p> <p>I did the following:</p> <pre><code>class Test(): class_var = 42 @classmethod def class_method(cls): pass @staticmethod def static_method(): pass def instance_method(self...
5
2016-07-14T03:27:37Z
39,714,862
<p>The instance is the container where the object's data is stored (in the self) variable.</p>
1
2016-09-27T01:54:33Z
[ "python", "oop", "methods" ]
render django tag inside textfield written in html
38,364,998
<p>im a beginner in django and general programming and would like to ask a questions regarding how to render django model field in html save inside textfield.</p> <p>my code snippet as per below: </p> <p>models.py </p> <pre><code>class Recipe(models.Model): recipe_name = models.CharField(max_length=128) reci...
0
2016-07-14T03:31:20Z
38,365,204
<p>You need to link Recipe to Ingredients:</p> <pre><code>class Ingredient(models.Model): ingredient_name = models.CharField(max_length=200) ingredient_text = models.TextField() def __str__(self): return self.ingredient_name class Recipe(models.Model): recipe_name = models.CharField(max_lengt...
0
2016-07-14T03:56:20Z
[ "python", "html", "django" ]
How to increase all the prices which is dict values by 10%
38,365,106
<p>How do we increase all prices in menu which the values by 10%.</p> <p><strong>Code:</strong></p> <pre><code>burger = {'Fiery Pepper' : 5.65,'McSpicy':'4.85','Quarter Pounder':'4.20','Cheeseburger':'2.35'} beverages = {'Hot Tea':2.60,'McCafe':2.70,'Coca-Cola':2.65} menu ={} menu.update(burger) menu.update(beverages...
1
2016-07-14T03:43:43Z
38,365,142
<p>Multiply them by <strong><code>1.1</code></strong> (or <strong>110%</strong> of original):</p> <pre><code>burgers = {k: float(v) * 1.1 for k, v in burgers.items()} beverages = {k: float(v) * 1.1 for k, v in beverages.items()} </code></pre>
3
2016-07-14T03:48:15Z
[ "python", "dictionary" ]
Selenium webdriver could not perform button click
38,365,294
<p>I faced a problem of the button click issue by using selenium webdriver. I'm trying to click the "like button" but it did not work.</p> <p>Here is my selenium source code:</p> <pre><code>driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=cwd+'chromedriver', chrome_options=chrome_options) driver.get('https://tw.carousell.co...
0
2016-07-14T04:06:08Z
38,366,026
<p>"Like" button is not visible initially, so you cannot just click on it- you should make if visible first, so try following code:</p> <pre><code>number = 0 driver.execute_script('document.querySelectorAll("button.btn.btn-default.pdt-card-like")[number].style.display="block";') driver.execute_script('document.querySe...
1
2016-07-14T05:20:02Z
[ "python", "selenium", "selenium-webdriver", "automation" ]
Selenium webdriver could not perform button click
38,365,294
<p>I faced a problem of the button click issue by using selenium webdriver. I'm trying to click the "like button" but it did not work.</p> <p>Here is my selenium source code:</p> <pre><code>driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=cwd+'chromedriver', chrome_options=chrome_options) driver.get('https://tw.carousell.co...
0
2016-07-14T04:06:08Z
38,366,122
<p>I believe you need to hover to the thumbnail before the like button will appear. Try to separate move_to_element and click into 2 separate methods and give a sleep in between. Sorry, I don't know Python, but it should look like this.</p> <pre><code>webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(like_button).perform...
0
2016-07-14T05:29:57Z
[ "python", "selenium", "selenium-webdriver", "automation" ]
Get city polygon from name
38,365,324
<p>In python. I have the name of the city/postal address and I wish to find out the coordinates of a polygon around it. I did read about it at a lot of places but couldn't get the concrete guidance.</p> <pre><code>import json import requests from urllib.parse import urlencode import pprint base_url="https://maps.goog...
0
2016-07-14T04:09:44Z
38,365,466
<p>I'm not sure quite what your question is. But given your export, you can get the coordinates out of it with:</p> <pre><code>export = """{ "type": "FeatureCollection", [..] }""" import json results = json.loads(export) print results['features'][0]['geometry']['coordinates'][0] </code></pre> <p>Try it online:...
0
2016-07-14T04:24:04Z
[ "python", "python-2.7" ]
Logistic regression does not work after update to v.0.17
38,365,341
<p>I had something similar to this:</p> <pre><code>linear_model.LogisticRegression(penalty='l2').fit(X_train, y_train) </code></pre> <p>where X_train</p> <pre><code>array([[ 2500. , 5000. , 5000. , ..., 4697.2, 3. , 10600. ], ..., [ 2500. , 3500. , 3500. , ..., 3072. , 3. , 1...
0
2016-07-14T04:11:16Z
38,365,579
<p>I think you want a <code>LinearRegression</code>; logistic regression is actually a classification model (despite the misleading name). Not sure what your code was doing in the previous version, maybe it was treating each of the float values as a label?</p>
3
2016-07-14T04:36:57Z
[ "python", "machine-learning", "scikit-learn" ]
Beautiful soup strategy for splitting data
38,365,344
<p>I want to parse through a webpage like this and gather only the names of starters:</p> <p><a href="http://espn.go.com/nba/boxscore?gameId=400827888" rel="nofollow">http://espn.go.com/nba/boxscore?gameId=400827888</a></p> <p>My script grabs all the names on the page, but I cannot discriminate when the starters for ...
1
2016-07-14T04:11:48Z
38,365,716
<p>If you use pandas instead of beautiful soup it will parse out the tables separately. it only gets the starters, not the bench players though, so hopefully this isn't an issue.</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd pd.read_html('http://www.espn.com.au/nba/boxscore?gameId=400827888') [ Unnamed: 0 1 2 3 4 T...
0
2016-07-14T04:51:00Z
[ "python", "osx", "beautifulsoup", "iteration" ]
Beautiful soup strategy for splitting data
38,365,344
<p>I want to parse through a webpage like this and gather only the names of starters:</p> <p><a href="http://espn.go.com/nba/boxscore?gameId=400827888" rel="nofollow">http://espn.go.com/nba/boxscore?gameId=400827888</a></p> <p>My script grabs all the names on the page, but I cannot discriminate when the starters for ...
1
2016-07-14T04:11:48Z
38,383,876
<p>If all you want are the starters it is pretty straight forward, just pull the first tbody inside the <em>div.content.hide-bench</em> and extract the text from the <em>td.name</em> tags:</p> <pre><code>import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup teams = {} page = requests.get('http://espn.go.com/nba/boxscore?gameI...
1
2016-07-14T20:39:11Z
[ "python", "osx", "beautifulsoup", "iteration" ]
Remove nth row in groupby
38,365,363
<p>I want to remove the nth row of a groupby object, say the last row. I can extract this row using <code>groupby.nth</code></p> <p>Is there a similar method to remove the nth row, or equivalently get all the rows except the nth row?</p>
3
2016-07-14T04:13:50Z
38,365,605
<p>Assume <code>df</code> is your dataframe.</p> <pre><code>df.groupby(something_to_group_by).apply(lambda x: x.iloc[:-1, :]).reset_index(0, drop=True).sort_index() </code></pre>
0
2016-07-14T04:39:34Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe", "group-by" ]
Remove nth row in groupby
38,365,363
<p>I want to remove the nth row of a groupby object, say the last row. I can extract this row using <code>groupby.nth</code></p> <p>Is there a similar method to remove the nth row, or equivalently get all the rows except the nth row?</p>
3
2016-07-14T04:13:50Z
38,365,744
<p>You can find index of all <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.nth.html" rel="nofollow"><code>nth</code></a> rows and then select <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.Index.difference.html" rel="nofollow"><code>Index.difference</c...
3
2016-07-14T04:53:34Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe", "group-by" ]
Compare similarity between names
38,365,389
<p>I have to make a cross-validation for some data based on names.</p> <p>The problem I'm facing is that depending on the source, names have slight variations, for example:</p> <pre><code>L &amp; L AIR CONDITIONING vs L &amp; L AIR CONDITIONING Service BEST ROOFING vs ROOFING INC </code></pre> <p>I have several t...
1
2016-07-14T04:16:49Z
38,365,913
<p>You're going to need to figure out what it means for names to be similar. Slight spelling differences will be hard - I wouldn't focus on that.</p> <p>Let's say you have three variations:<br> - uppercase/lowercase<br> - additional words<br> - punctuations vs spaces </p> <p>I would suggest splitting eac...
0
2016-07-14T05:09:27Z
[ "python", "machine-learning", "nlp" ]
Compare similarity between names
38,365,389
<p>I have to make a cross-validation for some data based on names.</p> <p>The problem I'm facing is that depending on the source, names have slight variations, for example:</p> <pre><code>L &amp; L AIR CONDITIONING vs L &amp; L AIR CONDITIONING Service BEST ROOFING vs ROOFING INC </code></pre> <p>I have several t...
1
2016-07-14T04:16:49Z
38,365,964
<p>I would use cosine similarity to achieve the same. It will give you a matching score of how close the strings are.</p> <p>Here is the code to help you with the same (I remember getting this code from Stackoverflow itself, some months ago - couldn't find the link now)</p> <pre><code>import re, math from collections...
3
2016-07-14T05:14:01Z
[ "python", "machine-learning", "nlp" ]
Compare similarity between names
38,365,389
<p>I have to make a cross-validation for some data based on names.</p> <p>The problem I'm facing is that depending on the source, names have slight variations, for example:</p> <pre><code>L &amp; L AIR CONDITIONING vs L &amp; L AIR CONDITIONING Service BEST ROOFING vs ROOFING INC </code></pre> <p>I have several t...
1
2016-07-14T04:16:49Z
38,365,994
<p>You might be able to just use the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance" rel="nofollow">Levenshtein distance</a>, which is a good way to calculate difference between two strings. </p>
2
2016-07-14T05:16:41Z
[ "python", "machine-learning", "nlp" ]
Compare similarity between names
38,365,389
<p>I have to make a cross-validation for some data based on names.</p> <p>The problem I'm facing is that depending on the source, names have slight variations, for example:</p> <pre><code>L &amp; L AIR CONDITIONING vs L &amp; L AIR CONDITIONING Service BEST ROOFING vs ROOFING INC </code></pre> <p>I have several t...
1
2016-07-14T04:16:49Z
38,435,085
<p>You could probably try using <code>Fuzzy String Matching</code>. You can use <a href="https://github.com/seatgeek/fuzzywuzzy" rel="nofollow">this</a> Python Library.</p> <p>It internally uses the Levenshtein Distance(as suggested by @user3080953) to calculate the similarity between two words/phrases.</p> <pre><cod...
1
2016-07-18T11:04:01Z
[ "python", "machine-learning", "nlp" ]
In Python, can I define a named tuple using typename?
38,365,514
<p>I wonder why the third line in <strong>Snippet B</strong> would trigger an error. My understanding is in the second line in Snippet B (and A), I created a class variable (not a class instance) <code>cls_obj</code> whose type/class name is <code>Duck</code>. It's like </p> <pre><code>class Duck(...): ...Code goe...
0
2016-07-14T04:29:36Z
38,376,041
<p>In Python, a class is just a special kind of value.</p> <pre><code>class Duck(object): pass # 'Duck' is just a variable, you can change it Duck = 3 x = Duck() # Fails! </code></pre> <p>You can do things like this:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; class Goat(object): ... def __repr__(self): ... return...
1
2016-07-14T13:49:09Z
[ "python", "class", "tuples", "namedtuple" ]
How can I open a CSV file in iPython?
38,365,570
<p>I'm a newbie to Python. I downloaded a csv file to use. I use the Anaconda package in Python 2.7 on Windows 8.1. I can open and read the file in Spyder perfectly, but when I try to open it in the iPython shell, i get the following error message:</p> <pre><code> [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'C:/Users/User/D...
0
2016-07-14T04:35:56Z
38,366,726
<p>The issue is one of finding and properly naming the file. I would suggest using</p> <pre><code>%pwd </code></pre> <p>to find out what the current directory is.</p> <pre><code>%ls </code></pre> <p>to see what is in that directory</p> <p>and </p> <pre><code>%cd ... </code></pre> <p>to change to the right subdi...
1
2016-07-14T06:13:23Z
[ "python", "python-2.7", "csv", "ipython", "spyder" ]
How can I open a CSV file in iPython?
38,365,570
<p>I'm a newbie to Python. I downloaded a csv file to use. I use the Anaconda package in Python 2.7 on Windows 8.1. I can open and read the file in Spyder perfectly, but when I try to open it in the iPython shell, i get the following error message:</p> <pre><code> [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'C:/Users/User/D...
0
2016-07-14T04:35:56Z
38,367,309
<p>I am not aware of working with python in windows but Here I am giving the solution to the problem opening the csv file in ipython notebook.</p> <p>Before using this code please check the path of the csv file.</p> <p><strong>Loading csv file in ipython notebook</strong></p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd DSI_data_...
0
2016-07-14T06:49:14Z
[ "python", "python-2.7", "csv", "ipython", "spyder" ]
Beautiful Soup won't return full table in from HTML object
38,365,799
<p>I have this web page: <a href="http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/wys_rpt?dd_parm_cds=002_00060&amp;wys_water_yr=2015&amp;site_no=06935965" rel="nofollow">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/wys_rpt?dd_parm_cds=002_00060&amp;wys_water_yr=2015&amp;site_no=06935965</a></p> <p>That I was hoping to scrape this information from...
2
2016-07-14T04:58:39Z
38,365,824
<p>You just need to <a href="https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/#installing-a-parser" rel="nofollow">change the parser</a> to a more lenient one:</p> <pre><code>soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'html5lib') </code></pre> <p><code>lxml</code> would handle this case as well:</p> <pre><code>soup = Beautif...
2
2016-07-14T05:00:34Z
[ "python", "web-scraping", "beautifulsoup", "html-parsing", "python-requests" ]
matplotlib Venn diagram, 6 circles
38,365,860
<p>I can make 2 and 3 circles with matplotlib_venn. Any possible to plot Venn diagram more than 3?</p> <p>In my case I have 6 set of data and try to plot Venn diagram with 6 circles</p>
1
2016-07-14T05:03:47Z
38,365,961
<p>I don't think so. The <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/matplotlib-venn" rel="nofollow">matplotlib-venn documentation</a> says:</p> <blockquote> <p>The package provides four main functions: venn2, venn2_circles, venn3 and venn3_circles.</p> </blockquote> <p>Where <strong>venn2</strong> is used to "draw a two...
1
2016-07-14T05:13:54Z
[ "python", "matplotlib", "plot", "venn-diagram", "matplotlib-venn" ]
Python 3.5 sqlite3 passing parameter of string - Incorrect number of bindings supplied
38,365,902
<p>Error:</p> <blockquote> <p>c = dbConnection.execute("SELECT compid FROM " + tableToUse + " WHERE id = ?", id) sqlite3.ProgrammingError: Incorrect number of bindings supplied. The current statement uses 1, and there are 2 supplied.</p> </blockquote> <p>When I do:</p> <pre><code>def getcompid (dbConnectio...
0
2016-07-14T05:07:59Z
38,365,942
<p>The bindings need to be in a list or tuple. Try this:</p> <pre><code>c = dbConnection.execute( "SELECT compid FROM " + tableToUse + " WHERE id = ?", [id]) </code></pre>
1
2016-07-14T05:12:33Z
[ "python", "sqlite3" ]
Making an list of dictionary unique is not working in python
38,366,060
<p>I have duplicates in list of dictionary but i could not make it unqiue when i use set in python</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; b = [ {"email_address": "aaa", "verify_score": "75"}, {"email_address": "bbb", "verify_score": "75"}, {"email_address": "Emailjcb.ab.baseball@gmail.com", "verify_score": "10"}, ...
1
2016-07-14T05:22:55Z
38,366,159
<p>As suggested by Julien in the comments, you can convert to a hashable type like tuple, and then do your unique over that:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; set(tuple(d.items()) for d in b) set([(('verify_score', '10'), ('email_address', 'carolpaterick@gmail.com')), (('verify_score', '10'), ('email_address', '37a11ce00909...
0
2016-07-14T05:33:13Z
[ "python", "dictionary", "set", "duplicates", "unique" ]
Making an list of dictionary unique is not working in python
38,366,060
<p>I have duplicates in list of dictionary but i could not make it unqiue when i use set in python</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; b = [ {"email_address": "aaa", "verify_score": "75"}, {"email_address": "bbb", "verify_score": "75"}, {"email_address": "Emailjcb.ab.baseball@gmail.com", "verify_score": "10"}, ...
1
2016-07-14T05:22:55Z
38,366,187
<p>Python dictionaries are <em>unhashable</em> which means they are mutable containers. They are not integers or strings that are always the same; the order of contents can change but semantically be the same.</p> <p>What you could do is try to change the dictionaries into frozensets, or some other hashable type.</p> ...
0
2016-07-14T05:35:40Z
[ "python", "dictionary", "set", "duplicates", "unique" ]
Why would one use binary integer literals instead of integers or floats in python?
38,366,081
<p>Shouldn't we keep code as simple and easy to understand as possible? What are the advantages of binary over floats and integers in python and is it possible to create floats with binary. Also, when would you use it?</p>
-5
2016-07-14T05:25:34Z
38,366,240
<p>Assuming that you mean:</p> <blockquote> <p>Why does Python have binary <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#integer-literals" rel="nofollow">integer literals</a>?</p> </blockquote> <p>e.g. allowing <code>0b1010</code> as well as <code>10</code>, then the answer is that sometimes t...
2
2016-07-14T05:39:46Z
[ "python", "binary" ]
Insert a value in the middle of iterating value in template tag
38,366,140
<p>I am using for loop in django template to iterate the list and my goal is to display a string every after 3 values.</p> <p>this is my list</p> <pre><code>myList = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] </code></pre> <p>This is my code</p> <pre><code>{% for a in myList %} {{a}} {% if forloop.counter == 3%} &lt;div&gt;String&lt;/di...
0
2016-07-14T05:32:00Z
38,366,425
<p>You can do as advised Kapil Sachdev</p> <pre><code>{% for a in myList %} {{ a }} {% if forloop.counter|divisibleby:3 %} &lt;div&gt;String&lt;/div&gt; {% endif %} {% endfor %} </code></pre> <p>or you can use <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/templates/builtins/#cycle" rel="nofol...
1
2016-07-14T05:52:43Z
[ "python", "django" ]
How to read text file's key, value pair using pandas?
38,366,494
<p>I want to parse one text file which contains following data.</p> <p><strong>Input.txt-</strong></p> <pre><code>1=88|11=1438|15=KKK|45=7.7|45=00|21=66|86=a 4=13|4=1388|49=DDD|8=157.73|67=00|45=08|84=b|45=k 6=84|41=18|56=TTT|67=1.2|4=21|45=78|07=d </code></pre> <p>In this input text file no columns are fixed it may...
1
2016-07-14T05:57:10Z
38,366,743
<p>You can first <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.read_csv.html" rel="nofollow"><code>read_csv</code></a> with separator which is not in data e.g. <code>;</code>, then double <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.Series.str.split.html" rel="nofollow">...
3
2016-07-14T06:14:52Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe", "key", "value" ]
Run exe with python script which is called by web browser
38,366,745
<p>I am running an exe with python script which is called by the web browser.</p> <p>Exe file is stored on server side. Exe file takes an input file and in output returns several text files. The python script running the exe is as follows:</p> <pre><code>import subprocess print ("Hello I am in python script") args =...
2
2016-07-14T06:14:54Z
38,366,961
<p>You have the redirect the output to the page, doing something like this before printing stuff out.</p> <pre><code>sys.stdout.write("Content-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n") </code></pre> <p>Maybe this can help you: <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1873735/display-the-result-on-the-webpage-as-soon-as-the-data-i...
0
2016-07-14T06:28:12Z
[ "python", "c", "subprocess", "cgi", "exe" ]
How does Python interpreter work in dynamic typing?
38,366,857
<p>I read this question, but it didn't give me a clear answer: <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25363034/how-does-python-interpreter-look-for-types">How does Python interpreter look for types?</a></p> <p>How does python interpreter know the type of a variable? I'm not looking how do get the type. I'm here l...
3
2016-07-14T06:21:18Z
38,366,927
<p>The concept "type" of a variable is "implemented" by using objects of a specific class.</p> <p>So in</p> <p><code>a=float()</code></p> <p>an object of type <code>float</code>, as defined by the class <code>float</code> is returned by <code>float()</code>. Python knows what type it is because that's how objects ...
0
2016-07-14T06:26:06Z
[ "python", "python-internals", "dynamic-typing" ]
How does Python interpreter work in dynamic typing?
38,366,857
<p>I read this question, but it didn't give me a clear answer: <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25363034/how-does-python-interpreter-look-for-types">How does Python interpreter look for types?</a></p> <p>How does python interpreter know the type of a variable? I'm not looking how do get the type. I'm here l...
3
2016-07-14T06:21:18Z
38,367,112
<blockquote> <p>how does it associate the class int or string to my variable</p> </blockquote> <p>Python doesn't. <em>Variables have no type</em>. Only the object that a variable references has a type. Variables are simply <em>names pointing to objects</em>.</p> <p>For example, the following also shows the type of ...
6
2016-07-14T06:38:39Z
[ "python", "python-internals", "dynamic-typing" ]
How does Python interpreter work in dynamic typing?
38,366,857
<p>I read this question, but it didn't give me a clear answer: <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25363034/how-does-python-interpreter-look-for-types">How does Python interpreter look for types?</a></p> <p>How does python interpreter know the type of a variable? I'm not looking how do get the type. I'm here l...
3
2016-07-14T06:21:18Z
38,367,680
<p>Python variables have no type, they are just references to objects. The size of a reference is the same regardless of what it is referring to. In the C implementation of Python it is a pointer, and <em>does</em> have a type, it a pointer to a Python object: <code>PyObject *</code>. The pointer is the same type re...
0
2016-07-14T07:08:52Z
[ "python", "python-internals", "dynamic-typing" ]
Python - how to make BMP into JPEG or PDF? so that the file size is not 50MB but less?
38,366,911
<p>I have a scanner when i scan the page it makes a BMP file but the size per page is 50MB. How do i tell Python, make it JPEG and small size.</p> <pre><code>rv = ss.XferImageNatively() if rv: (handle, count) = rv twain.DIBToBMFile(handle,'imageName.bmp') </code></pre> <p>how do you tell him to make it JPEG or PDF? (...
0
2016-07-14T06:24:57Z
38,367,016
<p>You can use something like PIL (<a href="http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/" rel="nofollow">http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/</a>) or Pillow (<a href="https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow</a>), which will save the file in the format you specify ba...
1
2016-07-14T06:32:23Z
[ "python", "windows", "pdf", "jpeg", "scanning" ]
Python CSV find string and pass column number to variable
38,367,022
<p>I just joined here after reading a ton of info over the last few months as I get grounds with Python.</p> <p>Anyway, I'm very new and have been researching as much as possible but most of the answers are a bit out of my reach in understanding and don't seem to do exactly what I need.</p> <p>From the reading I've d...
2
2016-07-14T06:32:56Z
38,367,194
<p>Looks like what you need is <code>numpy.genfromtxt()</code> with <code>delimiter='\t'</code> and <code>names=True</code></p> <p>Look <a href="http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/basics.io.genfromtxt.html" rel="nofollow">here</a></p> <p>You can set the generator to return strings and then reformat column-wise base...
0
2016-07-14T06:43:24Z
[ "python", "csv", "spreadsheet", "timecodes" ]
Python CSV find string and pass column number to variable
38,367,022
<p>I just joined here after reading a ton of info over the last few months as I get grounds with Python.</p> <p>Anyway, I'm very new and have been researching as much as possible but most of the answers are a bit out of my reach in understanding and don't seem to do exactly what I need.</p> <p>From the reading I've d...
2
2016-07-14T06:32:56Z
38,367,373
<p>If all you need is columnHeader along with respective columnValue, you can read 1st line (header) before the loop from file, and inside the loop use zip(header, row) to get tuple of (columnHeader, columnValue).</p> <p><code>https://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#zip</code></p>
0
2016-07-14T06:53:02Z
[ "python", "csv", "spreadsheet", "timecodes" ]
csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC does not work with float in python
38,367,091
<p>I have a dataframe in Python that I want to save as a CSV with this line:</p> <pre><code>df.to_csv(PATH, quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC, index = False) </code></pre> <p>The dataframe has this form:</p> <pre><code>date timeOfDay GridID score 2015-12-31 Morning 1445 0.0000...
1
2016-07-14T06:37:50Z
38,367,230
<p>There is a bug already on <a href="https://github.com/pydata/pandas/issues/12922" rel="nofollow">github</a>. So you're actually not doing anything wrong.</p> <p>Quoting the relevant part from the bug description:</p> <blockquote> <p>The problem is that <code>pandas.core.internals.FloatBlock.to_native_types</code...
1
2016-07-14T06:45:01Z
[ "python", "csv" ]
python lambda list filtering with multiple conditions
38,367,118
<p>My understanding about filtering lists with lambda is that the filter will return all the elements of the list that return True for the lambda function. In that case, for the following code,</p> <pre><code>inputlist = [] inputlist.append(["1", "2", "3", "a"]) inputlist.append(["4", "5", "6", "b"]) inputlist.append(...
1
2016-07-14T06:39:04Z
38,367,191
<p>Well, <code>['1', '2', '4', 'c']</code> doesn't satisfy the condition that <code>x[0] != "1"</code>, nor does it satisfy the condition that <code>x[1] != "2"</code>.</p>
1
2016-07-14T06:43:10Z
[ "python", "list", "lambda", "filter", "multiple-conditions" ]
python lambda list filtering with multiple conditions
38,367,118
<p>My understanding about filtering lists with lambda is that the filter will return all the elements of the list that return True for the lambda function. In that case, for the following code,</p> <pre><code>inputlist = [] inputlist.append(["1", "2", "3", "a"]) inputlist.append(["4", "5", "6", "b"]) inputlist.append(...
1
2016-07-14T06:39:04Z
38,367,198
<p><code>x = ['1', '2', '4', 'c']</code>, so <code>x[1]=='2'</code>, which makes the expression <code>(x[0] != "1" and x[1] != "2" and x[2] != "3")</code> be evaluated as <code>False</code>.</p> <p>When conditions are joined by <code>and</code>, they return <code>True</code> only if all conditions are <code>True</code...
2
2016-07-14T06:43:35Z
[ "python", "list", "lambda", "filter", "multiple-conditions" ]
python lambda list filtering with multiple conditions
38,367,118
<p>My understanding about filtering lists with lambda is that the filter will return all the elements of the list that return True for the lambda function. In that case, for the following code,</p> <pre><code>inputlist = [] inputlist.append(["1", "2", "3", "a"]) inputlist.append(["4", "5", "6", "b"]) inputlist.append(...
1
2016-07-14T06:39:04Z
38,367,250
<pre><code>['1', '2', '4', 'c'] </code></pre> <p>Fails for condition </p> <pre><code>x[0] != "1" </code></pre> <p>as well as</p> <pre><code>x[1] != "2" </code></pre> <p>Instead of using <code>or</code>, I believe the more natural and readable way is:</p> <pre><code>lambda x: (x[0], x[1], x[2]) != ('1','2','3') </...
2
2016-07-14T06:46:01Z
[ "python", "list", "lambda", "filter", "multiple-conditions" ]
python lambda list filtering with multiple conditions
38,367,118
<p>My understanding about filtering lists with lambda is that the filter will return all the elements of the list that return True for the lambda function. In that case, for the following code,</p> <pre><code>inputlist = [] inputlist.append(["1", "2", "3", "a"]) inputlist.append(["4", "5", "6", "b"]) inputlist.append(...
1
2016-07-14T06:39:04Z
38,367,290
<p>The filter is acting exactly like it should. In the first case</p> <pre><code>lambda x: (x[0] != "1" and x[1] != "2" and x[2] != "3") </code></pre> <p>the filter only "accepts" lists whose first element is not 1 AND whose second element is not 2 AND whose third element is not 3. Thus the list <code>['1', '2', '4...
1
2016-07-14T06:48:38Z
[ "python", "list", "lambda", "filter", "multiple-conditions" ]
required field difference in python file and xml file
38,367,206
<p>What is the difference between giving required field in python file and xml file in <code>openerp</code>?</p> <p>In xml file :field name="employee_id" required="1"</p> <p>In python file: 'employee_id' : fields.char('Employee Name',required=True),</p>
0
2016-07-14T06:44:07Z
38,368,546
<p>The difference is that in the python <code>.py</code> when you set a fields required argument to <code>True</code>, it's creates a <code>NOT NULL</code> constraint directly on the database, this means that no matter what happens (Provided data didn't already exist in the table) you can never insert data into that ta...
0
2016-07-14T07:55:14Z
[ "python", "openerp" ]
Scrapy feed output contains the expected output several times instead of just once
38,367,216
<p>I've written a spider of which the sole purpose is to extract one number from <a href="http://www.funda.nl/koop/amsterdam/" rel="nofollow">http://www.funda.nl/koop/amsterdam/</a>, namely, the maximum number of pages from the pager at the bottom (e.g., the number 255 in the example below).</p> <p><a href="http://i.s...
0
2016-07-14T06:44:34Z
38,367,293
<ol> <li>Your spider goes to first start_url. </li> <li>Uses LinkExtractor to extract 7 urls. </li> <li>Downloads every one of those 7 urls and calls <code>get_max_page_number</code> on every one of those. </li> <li>For every url <code>get_max_page_number</code> returns a dictionary.</li> </ol>
3
2016-07-14T06:48:42Z
[ "python", "scrapy" ]
Scrapy feed output contains the expected output several times instead of just once
38,367,216
<p>I've written a spider of which the sole purpose is to extract one number from <a href="http://www.funda.nl/koop/amsterdam/" rel="nofollow">http://www.funda.nl/koop/amsterdam/</a>, namely, the maximum number of pages from the pager at the bottom (e.g., the number 255 in the example below).</p> <p><a href="http://i.s...
0
2016-07-14T06:44:34Z
38,371,053
<p>As a workaround, I've written the output to a text file to be used instead of the JSON feed output:</p> <pre><code>import scrapy from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess class FundaMaxPagesSpider(CrawlSpider): name = ...
0
2016-07-14T09:54:16Z
[ "python", "scrapy" ]
Python 3: my argparse method isn't working correct
38,367,292
<p>I've just started learning Python 3, and my argparse method isn't working as it should. I already tried different examples from this website but nothing is working like I want it to.</p> <p>My code looks like this:</p> <pre><code>import argparse class CommandlineArguments(): def __init__(self, number, duplica...
0
2016-07-14T06:48:40Z
38,367,370
<p>If you want an argument to be required, you have to pass <code>required=True</code>.</p> <p>Here's working code that requires all arguments. (I also changed your single dashes to double dashes, which is more typical, and I set <code>type=int</code> for <code>--number</code>, since I assume that's what you want.)</p...
0
2016-07-14T06:52:52Z
[ "python" ]
Python 3: my argparse method isn't working correct
38,367,292
<p>I've just started learning Python 3, and my argparse method isn't working as it should. I already tried different examples from this website but nothing is working like I want it to.</p> <p>My code looks like this:</p> <pre><code>import argparse class CommandlineArguments(): def __init__(self, number, duplica...
0
2016-07-14T06:48:40Z
38,367,465
<p>The problem with your programme is that the argument names are prefixed with dash <code>-</code>.</p> <p>If you just use <code>number</code>, <code>duplicates</code> and <code>databases</code> in <code>add_argument</code>, these three arguments become required. By default prefixing the argument name with dash or do...
0
2016-07-14T06:58:05Z
[ "python" ]
Python subprocess for queries with quotes
38,367,382
<p>I need to fire this query which runs perfectly on the terminal:</p> <pre><code>sed -i '' '/default\]/a\'$'\n'' Hello world'$'\n' &lt;PATH_TO_FILE&gt; </code></pre> <p>This adds a line below where I find "default]" string.</p> <p>Using the python code:</p> <pre><code>query = r""" sed -i '' '/default\]/a\'$'\n'' ...
0
2016-07-14T06:53:18Z
38,367,484
<p>You <code>split</code> on <em>every</em> whitespace. This causes <code>query.split()</code> to be</p> <pre><code>['sed', '-i', "''", "'/default\\]/a\\'$'\\n''", 'Hello', "world'$'\\n'", '/tmp/foo'] </code></pre> <p>which is not what you want. Build up the parameters for <code>subprocess.Popen</code> by ha...
2
2016-07-14T06:58:52Z
[ "python", "subprocess" ]
Is there a module can be used as FindWindow API in python
38,367,414
<p>On Windows there is a WinAPI: FindWindow that you can use to get window handle of a existing window and use this handle to send message to it. Is there a python module can do that too? Find a window &amp; communicate with it?</p> <p>If this module do exist, could the same mechainsm be able applied on Ubuntu too? Th...
0
2016-07-14T06:55:11Z
38,369,455
<p>You can execute your commands with a subprocess:</p> <pre><code>import subprocess import time process = subprocess.Popen("echo 'start' &amp; sleep 60 &amp; echo 'stop'", shell=True) time.sleep(60) # Maybe you want a timer... </code></pre> <p>The you have two options of closing, use terminate or kill methods in th...
0
2016-07-14T08:42:52Z
[ "python", "ipc" ]
Python: Unable to perform multiple adb commands based operation
38,367,466
<p>I am running this on Windows m/c. While trying to automate fetching network logs to local m/c, there are multiple commands that I need to send. I am able to club most of them, but now got stuck where I have to stop the execution and copy the file back(using adb pull). </p> <p>I am using tcpdump executable for captu...
0
2016-07-14T06:58:06Z
38,368,591
<p>You need to send the <code>SIGINT</code> signal to the <code>tcpdump</code> process.</p> <p>Depending on busybox/toolbox/toybox versions available the following would make all running <code>tcpdump</code> instances to stop capturing and dump the log:</p> <pre><code>adb shell su -c killall -q -2 tcpdump </code></pr...
1
2016-07-14T07:57:42Z
[ "android", "python", "automation", "subprocess", "adb" ]
How to create a singleton?
38,368,044
<p>I was wondering if this approach for creating a singleton was correct.</p> <p><code>my_class.py</code></p> <pre><code>class MyClass(object): def a_method(self): print("Hello World") ... MY_CLASS_SINGLETON = MyClass() </code></pre> <p>another module:</p> <pre><code>from my_class import MY_CLASS_S...
0
2016-07-14T07:27:23Z
38,368,196
<p>I would assume that your implementation is not a save singleton as far as you can easily create new instances of MyClass. A singleton should avoid this by holding this instance by itself and just returning this instance - your instance is hold outside of the class. (But I am myself new to Python and a the moment I j...
0
2016-07-14T07:35:21Z
[ "python", "import", "scope", "singleton" ]
Sybpydb error 5701 ignored sometimes
38,368,072
<p>I have come across a very strange behavior when developing an application in Python (2.7.11) using a Sybase ASE 15.7 database and the sybpydb library.</p> <p>When selecting data from the database there is always an error 5701 thrown that isn´t an error but just a informational message taht the client has logged on...
0
2016-07-14T07:28:49Z
38,377,876
<p>I never get such message when using sybpydb , I don't print cur.connection.errors() , which is not one of the documented <a href="http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/topic/com.sybase.infocenter.dc01692.1570/doc/html/car1309464785662.html" rel="nofollow">methods</a> (I even got an error when I tried to use it ) </p> <...
0
2016-07-14T15:09:51Z
[ "python", "sybase", "sybase-ase" ]
how to store/save and restore tensorflow DNNClassifier(No variables to save)
38,368,096
<p>I trained a deep neural network on tensorflow and used to predict some examples but, when I try to save it using <a href="https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.9/api_docs/python/state_ops.html#Saver" rel="nofollow"><code>train.Saver()</code></a> I get the error: "No variables to save"</p> <p>Already tried <code>tr...
0
2016-07-14T07:30:04Z
38,401,873
<p>Here's a code sample from the <a href="https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.9/how_tos/variables/index.html" rel="nofollow">tf.variable docs</a> that might clarify:</p> <pre><code># Create some variables. v1 = tf.Variable(..., name="v1") v2 = tf.Variable(..., name="v2") ... # Add an op to initialize the variables....
0
2016-07-15T17:20:08Z
[ "python", "machine-learning", "tensorflow" ]
how to store/save and restore tensorflow DNNClassifier(No variables to save)
38,368,096
<p>I trained a deep neural network on tensorflow and used to predict some examples but, when I try to save it using <a href="https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.9/api_docs/python/state_ops.html#Saver" rel="nofollow"><code>train.Saver()</code></a> I get the error: "No variables to save"</p> <p>Already tried <code>tr...
0
2016-07-14T07:30:04Z
38,465,157
<p>So I ran into the same issue (Estimators don't have save/restore functions yet). I tried savers and <a href="https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/614d4c19fb22df501ba16a3f580f4e3ac1a9df1a/tensorflow/contrib/learn/python/learn/monitors.py#L260" rel="nofollow"><code>CheckpointSaver</code></a> to try and save c...
1
2016-07-19T17:42:18Z
[ "python", "machine-learning", "tensorflow" ]
wxpython bitmap adding textctrl/combobox top of it?
38,368,223
<p>I was trying to find if its possible to add textctrl/combobox top of GenStaticBitmap in wxpython. </p> <p>Did not find anything with the fast searches i did. Its not first in the priorities, but i feel like it would make the program usage better. </p> <p>In this case i have screenshot taken from webpage and user c...
1
2016-07-14T07:37:45Z
38,369,528
<p>Are you searching for something like a background bitmap (controls on top of a user-defined bitmap)?</p> <p><a href="http://www.blog.pythonlibrary.org/2010/03/18/wxpython-putting-a-background-image-on-a-panel/" rel="nofollow">Mike Driscoll has described a solution for this in his Blog.</a></p>
0
2016-07-14T08:46:25Z
[ "python", "bitmap", "wxpython" ]
Installing a pip package from within a Jupyter Notebook not working
38,368,318
<p>When I run <code>!pip install geocoder</code> in Jupyter Notebook I get the same output as running <code>pip install geocoder</code> in the terminal but the geocoder package is not available when I try to import it.</p> <p>I'm using Ubuntu 14.04, Anaconda 4.0.0 and pip 8.1.2</p> <p>Installing geocoder:</p> <pre><...
2
2016-07-14T07:42:48Z
38,750,900
<p>Try using some shell magic: %%sh <code>%%sh pip install geocoder</code> let me know if it works, thanks</p>
0
2016-08-03T18:14:31Z
[ "python", "ipython", "anaconda", "jupyter", "jupyter-notebook" ]
How to efficiently decode a large number of small JSON data chunks?
38,368,380
<p>I'm going to write a parser for a log file where each line is one JSON record.</p> <p>I could decode each line in a loop:</p> <pre><code>logs = [json.loads(line) for line in lines] </code></pre> <p>or I could decode the whole file in one go:</p> <pre><code>logs = json.loads('[' + ','.join(lines) + ']') </code></...
0
2016-07-14T07:46:03Z
38,368,541
<p>You can just make the log as a JSON dictionary. Like </p> <pre><code>{ "log":{ "line1":{...} "line2":{...} ... } } </code></pre> <p>And then do <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19483351/converting-json-string-to-dictionary-not-list-python">this</a> that explains how to convert and ...
0
2016-07-14T07:55:02Z
[ "python", "json" ]
How to efficiently decode a large number of small JSON data chunks?
38,368,380
<p>I'm going to write a parser for a log file where each line is one JSON record.</p> <p>I could decode each line in a loop:</p> <pre><code>logs = [json.loads(line) for line in lines] </code></pre> <p>or I could decode the whole file in one go:</p> <pre><code>logs = json.loads('[' + ','.join(lines) + ']') </code></...
0
2016-07-14T07:46:03Z
38,368,580
<p>You can easily test it with <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/timeit.html#timeit-command-line-interface" rel="nofollow"><code>timeit</code></a>:</p> <pre><code>$ python -m timeit -s 'import json; lines = ["{\"foo\":\"bar\"}"] * 1000' '[json.loads(line) for line in lines]' 100 loops, best of 3: 2.22 msec ...
3
2016-07-14T07:57:00Z
[ "python", "json" ]
how can I use remove for this code(2)?
38,368,434
<p>In the <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/38356276/how-can-i-use-remove-for-this-code/38356363?noredirect=1#comment64125658_38356363">last code</a> , I tried to use one array to remove information.</p> <p>In this one, I used three arrays to remove information as below:</p> <pre><code>class student(object)...
-2
2016-07-14T07:48:54Z
38,374,417
<p>Your problem is that you're iterating over a loop and making changes to the list you're looping over while doing so. The impulse to do so is understandable, but unless you know what you're doing you should just avoid that. Anyway, lets take a look at what you're doing and how it impacts the loop and the list. Removi...
0
2016-07-14T12:37:39Z
[ "python" ]
Pandas DataFrame select the specific columns with NaN values
38,368,490
<p>I have a two-column DataFrame, I want to select the rows with <code>NaN</code> in either column. </p> <p>I used this method <code>df[ (df['a'] == np.NaN) | (df['b'] == np.NaN) ]</code><br> However it returns an empty answer. I don't know what's the problem</p>
1
2016-07-14T07:52:15Z
38,368,514
<p>You need <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.Series.isnull.html" rel="nofollow"><code>isnull</code></a> for finding <code>NaN</code> values:</p> <pre><code>df[ (df['a'].isnull()) | (df['b'].isnull()) ] </code></pre> <p><a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/missing_d...
1
2016-07-14T07:53:44Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe", null ]
Pandas DataFrame select the specific columns with NaN values
38,368,490
<p>I have a two-column DataFrame, I want to select the rows with <code>NaN</code> in either column. </p> <p>I used this method <code>df[ (df['a'] == np.NaN) | (df['b'] == np.NaN) ]</code><br> However it returns an empty answer. I don't know what's the problem</p>
1
2016-07-14T07:52:15Z
38,368,593
<p>You could apply <code>isnull()</code> to the whole dataframe then check if the rows have any nulls with <code>any(1)</code></p> <pre><code>df[df.isnull().any(1)] </code></pre> <hr> <h3>Timing</h3> <pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.choice((np.nan, 1), (1000000, 2), p=(.2, .8)), columns=['A', 'B']) </code></p...
0
2016-07-14T07:57:43Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe", null ]
What's the most efficient way to sum up an ndarray in numpy while minimizing floating point inaccuracy?
38,368,500
<p>I have a big matrix with values that vary greatly in orders of magnitude. To calculate the sum as accurate as possible, my approach would be to reshape the ndarray into a 1-dimensional array, sort it and then add it up, starting with the smallest entries. Is there a better / more efficient way to do this?</p>
4
2016-07-14T07:52:51Z
38,368,970
<p>I think that, given floating point precision problems, the best known algorithm for your task is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahan_summation_algorithm">Kahan summation</a>. For practical purposes, Kahan summation has an error bound that is independent of the number of summands, while naive summation has ...
5
2016-07-14T08:18:25Z
[ "python", "numpy", "precision" ]
Does a big class impact performance by any significance?
38,368,720
<p>I constructed a class <em>Vector</em> some time ago which I use quite frequently. As time goes by I'm adding more and more methods that are fun and useful, such as normalize, projection et cetera. The class starts to get quite big and will presumably get even bigger.</p> <p>As I'm using this class to calculate posi...
1
2016-07-14T08:04:59Z
38,369,024
<p>The (code) size of a class does not has a (direct) performance consequence.</p> <p>Also, as long as you don't have or expect performance problems, don't focus on optimization (mostly optimization results in more work, and sometimes more unreadable/maintainable code). Only optimize for performance if needed. Initial...
2
2016-07-14T08:21:05Z
[ "python", "performance", "python-3.x", "optimization" ]
Pandas: group by column and count repetitions
38,368,759
<p>I'm having some problems obtaining a dataframe from another one.</p> <p>Summarizing, I have this dataframe:</p> <pre><code>Word | ... | ... | Code w1 | ... | ... | 1234 w1 | ... | ... | 2345 ... w1 | ... | ... | 5678 w2 | ... | ... | 5678 w2 | ... | ... | 1234 ... wXX | ... | ... | YYYY </code></pre> <p>I...
1
2016-07-14T08:07:06Z
38,368,816
<p>You need <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.pivot_table.html" rel="nofollow"><code>pivot_table</code></a> with <code>aggfunc=len</code>:</p> <pre><code>print (df) Word Code 0 w1 1234 1 w1 2345 2 w1 5678 3 w2 5678 4 w2 1234 df = df.pivot_table(index='Code', colum...
0
2016-07-14T08:10:15Z
[ "python", "pandas", "group-by" ]
x and y coordinates are not correct when trying to read a matrix (python)
38,368,866
<p>I am trying to read a matrix (from another file) and check if the numbers are 1,2,3,4 or 5. But when i check I check the coordinates (code below) the x and y is not correct.</p> <pre><code>with open('/directory/to/file', 'r') as f: for index,row in enumerate([line.split() for line in f]): for i,num in e...
0
2016-07-14T08:12:42Z
38,369,821
<p>The problem is that <code>enumerate</code> starts enumerating with 0. You want it to start with one. It has an optional second parameter that allows you to do this:</p> <pre><code>class enumerate(object) | enumerate(iterable[, start]) -&gt; iterator for index, value of iterable | | Return an enumerate object...
1
2016-07-14T08:59:07Z
[ "python", "matrix", "coordinates" ]
Perl's __DATA__ equivalent in Python
38,368,956
<p>When writing code in perl I often read data in from the filehandle <code>__DATA__</code> at the end of the script:</p> <pre><code>while (&lt;DATA&gt;) { chomp; say; } __DATA__ line1 line2 </code></pre> <p>I find this quicker for testing code etc than reading in a file, as it means I can edit its contents ...
7
2016-07-14T08:17:37Z
38,369,018
<p>No, there is no direct equivalent in Python. Put your data in a multi-line variable:</p> <pre><code>DATA = '''\ line1 line2 ''' </code></pre> <p>You can then use <code>DATA.splitlines()</code> if you must have access to separate lines. You can put this at the end of your Python file provided you only use the name ...
8
2016-07-14T08:20:38Z
[ "python", "perl", "filehandle" ]
Scatter plot with a slider in python
38,368,990
<p>Hey I am trying to create a scatter plot with a slider that updates the plot as I slide across. This is my code so far. It draws a scatter plot and a slider but as I move it around, nothing happens. I suspect that the problem is with the <code>.set_ydata</code>bit but I can't seem to find how to do it otherwise on t...
0
2016-07-14T08:19:26Z
38,369,750
<p>You need to use <code>set_offsets</code> and <code>set_array</code> in stead:</p> <pre><code># make sure you get the right dimensions and direction of arrays here xx = np.vstack ((x, y)) scat.set_offsets (xx.T) # set colors scat.set_array (y) </code></pre> <p>Probably duplicate of: <a href="http://stackoverflow.c...
0
2016-07-14T08:56:08Z
[ "python", "plot", "slider", "interactive", "scatter" ]
Django: Define URL for media file
38,369,013
<p>I would like to define a custom URL to a folder of files, that can be managed by ftp (I will grant ftp access to this folder 'repository').</p> <p>e.g. </p> <pre><code>File on disk: var/www/djangoproject/media/repository/logo.png </code></pre> <p>I want this image to have the URL:</p> <pre><code>/abc/def/logo.pn...
0
2016-07-14T08:20:29Z
38,369,546
<p>Surely this is possible in <code>urls.py</code> and <code>views.py</code>. However, using a web server (e.g. nginx) to <a href="https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/serving-static-content/" rel="nofollow">serve static content</a> is apparently a better solution.</p>
0
2016-07-14T08:46:59Z
[ "python", "django", "django-urls" ]
Django: Define URL for media file
38,369,013
<p>I would like to define a custom URL to a folder of files, that can be managed by ftp (I will grant ftp access to this folder 'repository').</p> <p>e.g. </p> <pre><code>File on disk: var/www/djangoproject/media/repository/logo.png </code></pre> <p>I want this image to have the URL:</p> <pre><code>/abc/def/logo.pn...
0
2016-07-14T08:20:29Z
38,372,272
<p>You can make an ordinary view as you would do with any other view; then in that view, redirect to the actual URL.</p> <pre><code>from django.shortcuts import redirect def my_view(request): return redirect('/media/repository/logo.png') </code></pre> <p>Use <code>permanent=True</code> to make browsers cache the...
1
2016-07-14T10:52:28Z
[ "python", "django", "django-urls" ]
Flask passing in query string
38,369,133
<p>Fairly new to flask. Don't know how it works properly. However what I'm trying to do is using dryscrape module I'm trying to query a webpage. Using flask for my own front end. However I am having trouble passing in my query string. So what I'm trying to do is.</p> <pre><code>@app.route("/", methods=['GET', 'POST'])...
0
2016-07-14T08:27:09Z
38,371,136
<p>In order for the query string to be available across requests you need to store it somewhere on either the client side or server side. <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/Flask-Session/" rel="nofollow" title="Flask-Session">Flask-Session</a> will handle this for you on the server side and is probably the simplest solu...
0
2016-07-14T09:58:19Z
[ "python", "function", "flask" ]
Flask passing in query string
38,369,133
<p>Fairly new to flask. Don't know how it works properly. However what I'm trying to do is using dryscrape module I'm trying to query a webpage. Using flask for my own front end. However I am having trouble passing in my query string. So what I'm trying to do is.</p> <pre><code>@app.route("/", methods=['GET', 'POST'])...
0
2016-07-14T08:27:09Z
38,371,720
<p>Your concept of HTTP request and respond is not clear. Let me assume some usecase to explain.</p> <ol> <li><p>When you request <code>your.domain/search_info</code>, flask will run <code>search_info()</code> function</p></li> <li><p>And then, flask will run another function <code>getIndex()</code> in <code>search_i...
0
2016-07-14T10:25:18Z
[ "python", "function", "flask" ]
Set size of ticks in all subplots
38,369,188
<p>I have a plt.figure(...) with several subplots, my code looks essentially like this:</p> <pre><code>num_plots = 2 my_dpi = 96 fig_size = (1440 / my_dpi, 900 / my_dpi) fig = plt.figure(figsize=fig_size, dpi=my_dpi, frameon=False) # Subplot 1 fig.add_subplot(num_plots, 1, 1) # plot fancy stuff # Subplot 2 fig.ad...
2
2016-07-14T08:29:39Z
38,369,691
<p>There a two things you can do here. If you want to change the tick size for all figures in the script you are running, you need to add the following at the top of your code:</p> <pre><code>import matplotlib matplotlib.rc('xtick', labelsize=20) matplotlib.rc('ytick', labelsize=20) </code></pre> <p>This will be s...
1
2016-07-14T08:53:27Z
[ "python", "python-2.7", "matplotlib" ]
Are python packages version specific?
38,369,233
<p>I ma trying to install <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-epo-ops-client" rel="nofollow">https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-epo-ops-client</a> I tried installing it from pip from both latest version.</p> <p>python 2.7.12 and python 3.5.2</p> <p>for both of the version it says</p> <pre><code>C:\Users\m...
1
2016-07-14T08:31:52Z
38,369,425
<p>You are having space between <strong>python-epo-ops-client</strong> &amp; <strong>2.1.0</strong>, so it is trying to install two packages. </p> <p>(1) python-epo-ops-client and (2) 2.1.0, but there isn't any package named "2.1.0"</p> <p>To install specific version you need to mention <strong>==</strong>.</p> <pr...
4
2016-07-14T08:41:12Z
[ "python" ]
What is the pythonic way to alternate between two functions in a loop
38,369,250
<p>It seems like a simple question to me, but a search yielded nothing useful.</p> <p>I have code like below:</p> <pre><code> for key, v in enumerate(ranges): ### Used to switch between voltage steps second_iter = 0 for step in v: ### Set voltage sources to differential volta...
0
2016-07-14T08:32:27Z
38,369,368
<p>I would do it like this:</p> <pre><code>for key, v in enumerate(range(0, 100)): [fun_call1() if key % 2 else fun_call2()] </code></pre>
1
2016-07-14T08:38:18Z
[ "python" ]
What is the pythonic way to alternate between two functions in a loop
38,369,250
<p>It seems like a simple question to me, but a search yielded nothing useful.</p> <p>I have code like below:</p> <pre><code> for key, v in enumerate(ranges): ### Used to switch between voltage steps second_iter = 0 for step in v: ### Set voltage sources to differential volta...
0
2016-07-14T08:32:27Z
38,369,374
<p>If v is a 2 element list, I'd write it like this:</p> <pre><code>for key, (step1, step2) in enumerate(ranges): self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource1(step1) self.measure_something() self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource2(step2) self.measure_something() </code></pre> <p>Pythonic doesn't always mean to use the most adv...
0
2016-07-14T08:38:36Z
[ "python" ]
What is the pythonic way to alternate between two functions in a loop
38,369,250
<p>It seems like a simple question to me, but a search yielded nothing useful.</p> <p>I have code like below:</p> <pre><code> for key, v in enumerate(ranges): ### Used to switch between voltage steps second_iter = 0 for step in v: ### Set voltage sources to differential volta...
0
2016-07-14T08:32:27Z
38,369,414
<p>Your code is very little intuitive... Is this not enough to do that, without abusing loops?</p> <pre><code>vsource1 = self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource1 vsource2 = self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource2 for key, (v1, v2) in enumerate(ranges): vsource1(v1) # Do some other stuff vsource2(v2) # Do some other stuff ...
6
2016-07-14T08:40:47Z
[ "python" ]
What is the pythonic way to alternate between two functions in a loop
38,369,250
<p>It seems like a simple question to me, but a search yielded nothing useful.</p> <p>I have code like below:</p> <pre><code> for key, v in enumerate(ranges): ### Used to switch between voltage steps second_iter = 0 for step in v: ### Set voltage sources to differential volta...
0
2016-07-14T08:32:27Z
38,369,466
<p>Simple indexing into second list can help avoid loop and second_iter variable</p> <pre><code>for key, v in enumerate(ranges): self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource1(v[0]) self.measure_something() self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource2(v[1]) self.measure_something() </code></pre>
0
2016-07-14T08:43:37Z
[ "python" ]
What is the pythonic way to alternate between two functions in a loop
38,369,250
<p>It seems like a simple question to me, but a search yielded nothing useful.</p> <p>I have code like below:</p> <pre><code> for key, v in enumerate(ranges): ### Used to switch between voltage steps second_iter = 0 for step in v: ### Set voltage sources to differential volta...
0
2016-07-14T08:32:27Z
38,369,478
<p>This reduces the amount of code and reduces the need of conditional evaluation to 1 for each iteration.</p> <pre><code>for key, v in enumerate(ranges): if key % 2 == 0: self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource1(v[0]) else: self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource2(v[1]) </code></pre>
1
2016-07-14T08:44:07Z
[ "python" ]
What is the pythonic way to alternate between two functions in a loop
38,369,250
<p>It seems like a simple question to me, but a search yielded nothing useful.</p> <p>I have code like below:</p> <pre><code> for key, v in enumerate(ranges): ### Used to switch between voltage steps second_iter = 0 for step in v: ### Set voltage sources to differential volta...
0
2016-07-14T08:32:27Z
38,369,499
<p>You could use <code>itertools.cycle</code> and <code>zip</code>:</p> <pre><code>from itertools import cycle vsources = [self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource1, self.tf.institf.dcm.vsource2] for key, v in enumerate(ranges): for (step, vsource) in zip(v, cycle(vsources)): ### Set voltage sources to differential ...
0
2016-07-14T08:44:57Z
[ "python" ]
What is the pythonic way to alternate between two functions in a loop
38,369,250
<p>It seems like a simple question to me, but a search yielded nothing useful.</p> <p>I have code like below:</p> <pre><code> for key, v in enumerate(ranges): ### Used to switch between voltage steps second_iter = 0 for step in v: ### Set voltage sources to differential volta...
0
2016-07-14T08:32:27Z
38,369,622
<p>Not strictly pythonic, but you can use the remainder operator to switch between the two functions:</p> <pre><code>funcs = [func1, func2] for i, voltage in enumerate(ranges): for step in voltage: func = funcs[i % 2] func(step) </code></pre> <p><strong>OR</strong></p> <p>This one's not DRY, but...
0
2016-07-14T08:50:21Z
[ "python" ]
Maybe a bug in DataFrame.reindex ?
38,369,291
<p>python 2.7.11</p> <p>pandas 0.18.1 </p> <p>when i try to do like this:</p> <pre><code>idx = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([['Ia','Ib'],['i1','i2','i3']]) df = pd.DataFrame({'A':['c','b','b','a','b','a'],'B':[10,-20,50,40,None,50],'C':[100,50,-30,-50,70,40]},index=idx) print df.reindex(index=['Ib','Ia'],columns=['B',...
1
2016-07-14T08:34:36Z
38,370,835
<p>To answer the question: No, that is not OK! And it's not a bug... really.</p> <p>Consider the dataframe <code>df</code>:</p> <pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(8).reshape(4, 2), pd.MultiIndex.from_product([['a', 'b'], ['C', 'D']]), ['One', 'Two']) df </code></pre> <p><a hr...
0
2016-07-14T09:44:47Z
[ "python", "pandas" ]
Lambdas from a list comprehension are returning a lambda when called
38,369,470
<p>I am trying to iterate the lambda func over a list as in <code>test.py</code>, and I want to get the call result of the lambda, not the function object itself. However, the following output really confused me. </p> <pre><code>------test.py--------- #!/bin/env python #coding: utf-8 a = [lambda: i for i in range(5)...
51
2016-07-14T08:43:46Z
38,370,058
<p>Closures in Python are <a href="http://docs.python-guide.org/en/latest/writing/gotchas/#late-binding-closures">late-binding</a>, meaning that each lambda function in the list will only evaluate the variable <code>i</code> when invoked, and <em>not</em> when defined. That's why all functions return the same value, i....
17
2016-07-14T09:09:30Z
[ "python", "lambda" ]
Lambdas from a list comprehension are returning a lambda when called
38,369,470
<p>I am trying to iterate the lambda func over a list as in <code>test.py</code>, and I want to get the call result of the lambda, not the function object itself. However, the following output really confused me. </p> <pre><code>------test.py--------- #!/bin/env python #coding: utf-8 a = [lambda: i for i in range(5)...
51
2016-07-14T08:43:46Z
38,370,176
<p><code>lambda: i</code> is an anonymous function with no arguments that returns i. So you are generating a list of anonymous functions, which you can later (in the second example) bind to the name <code>t</code> and invoke with <code>()</code>. Note you can do the same with non-anonymous functions:</p> <pre><code>&g...
4
2016-07-14T09:14:24Z
[ "python", "lambda" ]
Lambdas from a list comprehension are returning a lambda when called
38,369,470
<p>I am trying to iterate the lambda func over a list as in <code>test.py</code>, and I want to get the call result of the lambda, not the function object itself. However, the following output really confused me. </p> <pre><code>------test.py--------- #!/bin/env python #coding: utf-8 a = [lambda: i for i in range(5)...
51
2016-07-14T08:43:46Z
38,370,271
<p>In Python 2 list comprehension 'leaks' the variables to outer scope:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; [i for i in xrange(3)] [0, 1, 2] &gt;&gt;&gt; i 2 </code></pre> <p>Note that the behavior is different on Python 3:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; [i for i in range(3)] [0, 1, 2] &gt;&gt;&gt; i Traceback (most recent cal...
46
2016-07-14T09:18:35Z
[ "python", "lambda" ]
Scope of variable when passed to another function in python decorators
38,369,575
<p>So I was reading this <a href="https://jeffknupp.com/blog/2013/11/29/improve-your-python-decorators-explained/" rel="nofollow">wonderful piece</a> which tries to explain decorators in python.</p> <p>My question is specific to this code snippet.</p> <pre><code>def surround_with(surrounding): """Return a functio...
0
2016-07-14T08:48:24Z
38,369,831
<p>I think I understood it, </p> <p>When we call <code>surround_with('*')</code>, it returns the function <code>surround_with_value()</code> which is then returning the value <code>'{}{}{}'.format('*', word, '*')</code>.</p> <p>Now the very same function takes an argument (<code>word</code> here) which is then passed...
0
2016-07-14T08:59:33Z
[ "python", "scope", "decorator" ]
Scope of variable when passed to another function in python decorators
38,369,575
<p>So I was reading this <a href="https://jeffknupp.com/blog/2013/11/29/improve-your-python-decorators-explained/" rel="nofollow">wonderful piece</a> which tries to explain decorators in python.</p> <p>My question is specific to this code snippet.</p> <pre><code>def surround_with(surrounding): """Return a functio...
0
2016-07-14T08:48:24Z
38,369,860
<p>The <code>surround_with()</code> function returns another function object with a <em>closure</em>:</p> <pre><code>def surround_with(surrounding): """Return a function that takes a single argument and.""" def surround_with_value(word): return '{}{}{}'.format(surrounding, word, surrounding) return...
1
2016-07-14T09:00:46Z
[ "python", "scope", "decorator" ]
Scope of variable when passed to another function in python decorators
38,369,575
<p>So I was reading this <a href="https://jeffknupp.com/blog/2013/11/29/improve-your-python-decorators-explained/" rel="nofollow">wonderful piece</a> which tries to explain decorators in python.</p> <p>My question is specific to this code snippet.</p> <pre><code>def surround_with(surrounding): """Return a functio...
0
2016-07-14T08:48:24Z
38,404,156
<p>Closure can be very confusing and this example might not be the best to show <strong>why</strong> surround_with_value() <strong>remembers</strong> surround with(surrounding) event if it's not in its scope.</p> <p>I strongly advice you to read this excellent blog showing all concept you need to understand to underst...
0
2016-07-15T19:55:28Z
[ "python", "scope", "decorator" ]
Merging data frame with overlapping columns
38,369,638
<p>I have following DataFrames:</p> <pre><code> stores = [['AA', 12, 'Red'], ['BB', 13, 'Red'], ['BB', 14, 'Red'], ['BB', 15, 'Red']] visits = [['BB', 13, 'Green'], ['BB', 14, 'Blue']] stores_df = pd.DataFrame(data=stores, columns=['retailer', 'store', 'color']) stores_df.set_index(['retailer', 'store'...
2
2016-07-14T08:51:15Z
38,369,732
<p>You can use <code>update</code>:</p> <pre><code>In [41]: stores_df.update(visits_df) In [42]: stores_df Out[42]: color retailer store AA 12 Red BB 13 Green 14 Blue 15 Red </code></pre>
3
2016-07-14T08:55:26Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe" ]
Merging data frame with overlapping columns
38,369,638
<p>I have following DataFrames:</p> <pre><code> stores = [['AA', 12, 'Red'], ['BB', 13, 'Red'], ['BB', 14, 'Red'], ['BB', 15, 'Red']] visits = [['BB', 13, 'Green'], ['BB', 14, 'Blue']] stores_df = pd.DataFrame(data=stores, columns=['retailer', 'store', 'color']) stores_df.set_index(['retailer', 'store'...
2
2016-07-14T08:51:15Z
38,369,882
<p>You want to use <code>combine_first</code></p> <pre><code>visits_df.combine_first(stores_df) </code></pre> <p><a href="http://i.stack.imgur.com/sjpH4.png" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/sjpH4.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>
3
2016-07-14T09:01:50Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe" ]
How to add 2 random numbers from a list together?
38,369,740
<p>For example: <code>list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]</code></p> <p>I want to get 2 random numbers from this list and add them together:</p> <p><code>3 + 2</code> for example.</p>
3
2016-07-14T08:55:49Z
38,369,798
<p>Here you have the solution, but what I'd like to tell you is that you wont go too far in programming by asking that kind of questions. </p> <p>What you need to do before asking is to do some reflexion. for example, if I were you, I would have searched:</p> <p>On google "<code>python get random number list</code>" ...
1
2016-07-14T08:58:15Z
[ "python", "list" ]
How to add 2 random numbers from a list together?
38,369,740
<p>For example: <code>list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]</code></p> <p>I want to get 2 random numbers from this list and add them together:</p> <p><code>3 + 2</code> for example.</p>
3
2016-07-14T08:55:49Z
38,369,850
<p><strong>For unique selections</strong> (sampling <em>without</em> replacement), you can make use of <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html#random.sample" rel="nofollow"><code>random.sample</code></a> for selecting multiple random elements from the list and use the built-in <a href="https://docs.pytho...
4
2016-07-14T09:00:08Z
[ "python", "list" ]
How to add 2 random numbers from a list together?
38,369,740
<p>For example: <code>list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]</code></p> <p>I want to get 2 random numbers from this list and add them together:</p> <p><code>3 + 2</code> for example.</p>
3
2016-07-14T08:55:49Z
38,369,854
<p>I guess that if you want distinct elements, you can use:</p> <pre><code>import random sum(random.sample(list1, 2)) </code></pre>
1
2016-07-14T09:00:31Z
[ "python", "list" ]
How to add 2 random numbers from a list together?
38,369,740
<p>For example: <code>list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]</code></p> <p>I want to get 2 random numbers from this list and add them together:</p> <p><code>3 + 2</code> for example.</p>
3
2016-07-14T08:55:49Z
38,369,879
<p>For taking random numbers from the list you can use </p> <pre><code>import random random.choice() </code></pre> <p>In your case use</p> <pre><code>import random list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6] sum=random.choice(list1)+random.choice(list1) </code></pre>
1
2016-07-14T09:01:36Z
[ "python", "list" ]
How to add 2 random numbers from a list together?
38,369,740
<p>For example: <code>list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]</code></p> <p>I want to get 2 random numbers from this list and add them together:</p> <p><code>3 + 2</code> for example.</p>
3
2016-07-14T08:55:49Z
38,370,052
<p>You should use the function:</p> <pre><code>from random import choice a=(random.choice(list1)) </code></pre> <p>'a' will now be a random number from the list</p>
0
2016-07-14T09:09:18Z
[ "python", "list" ]
Calculate euclidean distance from dicts (sklearn)
38,369,742
<p>I have two <code>dictionaries</code> already calculated in my code, which look like this:</p> <pre><code>X = {'a': 10, 'b': 3, 'c': 5, ...} Y = {'a': 8, 'c': 3, 'e': 8, ...} </code></pre> <p>Actually they contain words from wiki texts, but this should serve to show what I mean. They don't necessarily contain the s...
0
2016-07-14T08:55:52Z
38,370,159
<p>Why don't you just do it directly from your sparse representation?</p> <pre><code>In [1]: import math In [2]: Y = {'a': 8, 'c':3,'e':8} In [3]: X = {'a':10, 'b':3, 'c':5} In [4]: math.sqrt(sum((X.get(d,0) - Y.get(d,0))**2 for d in set(X) | set(Y))) Out[4]: 9.0 </code></pre>
1
2016-07-14T09:13:54Z
[ "python", "numpy", "dictionary", "scikit-learn", "euclidean-distance" ]
Calculate euclidean distance from dicts (sklearn)
38,369,742
<p>I have two <code>dictionaries</code> already calculated in my code, which look like this:</p> <pre><code>X = {'a': 10, 'b': 3, 'c': 5, ...} Y = {'a': 8, 'c': 3, 'e': 8, ...} </code></pre> <p>Actually they contain words from wiki texts, but this should serve to show what I mean. They don't necessarily contain the s...
0
2016-07-14T08:55:52Z
38,372,675
<p>Seems like you'd want to use <code>X.get(search_string,0)</code>, which would output the value or 0 if not found. If you have a lot of search strings you could do <code>[X.get(s,0) for s in list_of_strings]</code> which will push a list of output.</p>
0
2016-07-14T11:12:33Z
[ "python", "numpy", "dictionary", "scikit-learn", "euclidean-distance" ]
Calculate euclidean distance from dicts (sklearn)
38,369,742
<p>I have two <code>dictionaries</code> already calculated in my code, which look like this:</p> <pre><code>X = {'a': 10, 'b': 3, 'c': 5, ...} Y = {'a': 8, 'c': 3, 'e': 8, ...} </code></pre> <p>Actually they contain words from wiki texts, but this should serve to show what I mean. They don't necessarily contain the s...
0
2016-07-14T08:55:52Z
38,372,795
<p>You could start by creating a list with all the keys of your dictionaries (it is important to note that this list has to be sorted):</p> <pre><code>X = {'a': 10, 'b': 3, 'c': 5} Y = {'a': 8, 'c': 3, 'e': 8} data = [X, Y] words = sorted(list(reduce(set.union, map(set, data)))) </code></pre> <p>This works fine in Py...
2
2016-07-14T11:18:50Z
[ "python", "numpy", "dictionary", "scikit-learn", "euclidean-distance" ]
pyyaml and using quotes for strings only
38,369,833
<p>I have the following YAML file:</p> <pre><code>--- my_vars: my_env: "dev" my_count: 3 </code></pre> <p>When I read it with PyYAML and dump it again, I get the following output:</p> <pre><code>--- my_vars: my_env: dev my_count: 3 </code></pre> <p>The code in question:</p> <pre><code>with open(env_file) a...
1
2016-07-14T08:59:38Z
38,370,522
<p>Right, so borrowing heavily from <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8640959/how-can-i-control-what-scalar-form-pyyaml-uses-for-my-data">this answer</a>, you can do something like this:</p> <pre><code>import yaml # define a custom representer for strings def quoted_presenter(dumper, data): return dumpe...
1
2016-07-14T09:29:18Z
[ "python", "pyyaml" ]
pyyaml and using quotes for strings only
38,369,833
<p>I have the following YAML file:</p> <pre><code>--- my_vars: my_env: "dev" my_count: 3 </code></pre> <p>When I read it with PyYAML and dump it again, I get the following output:</p> <pre><code>--- my_vars: my_env: dev my_count: 3 </code></pre> <p>The code in question:</p> <pre><code>with open(env_file) a...
1
2016-07-14T08:59:38Z
38,582,476
<p>I suggest you update to using YAML 1.2 (released in 2009) with the backwards compatible <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ruamel.yaml/" rel="nofollow"><code>ruamel.yaml</code></a> package instead of using PyYAML which implements most of YAML 1.1 (2005). (Disclaimer: I am the author of that package).</p> <p>Then...
0
2016-07-26T06:28:19Z
[ "python", "pyyaml" ]