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5
Python: Making one legend that spans two subplots
38,402,293
<p>The basic design I'm looking for is that I have two scatterplots side by side to each other, and then I wanted to create one legend underneath both subplots that spans both of them. This is a rough sketch:</p> <p><a href="http://i.stack.imgur.com/Su69w.png" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/Su69w.pn...
0
2016-07-15T17:46:23Z
38,402,730
<p>You want to use <a href="http://matplotlib.org/api/pyplot_api.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figlegend" rel="nofollow">figlegend</a> (<a href="http://matplotlib.org/examples/pylab_examples/figlegend_demo.html" rel="nofollow">demo</a>)</p> <pre><code>figlegend( (line1, line2, line3), ('label1', 'label2', 'label3'), 'upper r...
1
2016-07-15T18:16:38Z
[ "python", "matplotlib", "subplot" ]
Python: Making one legend that spans two subplots
38,402,293
<p>The basic design I'm looking for is that I have two scatterplots side by side to each other, and then I wanted to create one legend underneath both subplots that spans both of them. This is a rough sketch:</p> <p><a href="http://i.stack.imgur.com/Su69w.png" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/Su69w.pn...
0
2016-07-15T17:46:23Z
38,402,856
<p>Borrowing code from <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10545330/matplotlib-legend-with-multiple-axes-with-errorbar-object/34173062#34173062">matplotlib - Legend with multiple axes with errorbar object</a> and <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4700614/how-to-put-the-legend-out-of-the-plot">How to p...
1
2016-07-15T18:26:01Z
[ "python", "matplotlib", "subplot" ]
Python/Pygame Title Rendering
38,402,310
<p>I'm trying to render a title for a little project I'm working on. I've replicated the same code which was used to create the options set (merely for ease) yet it isn't working. I was wondering if anyone knows where I'm going wrong? it's probably something really obvious but I'm not experienced when it comes to pytho...
0
2016-07-15T17:47:28Z
38,644,534
<p>I do not know what exactly you want to happen. But I think you simple have some typos. The line <code>title = [Title("NOTPONG", (150,20))</code> needs to be <code>title = [Title("NOTPONG", (150,20))]</code> with the closing bracket. And the line <code>title_font = pygame.display.font.Font(None, 42)</code> needs to b...
0
2016-07-28T18:51:46Z
[ "python", "text", "fonts", "pygame" ]
Reading a multibyte text file in Windows - how does it detect newlines? (Python 2)
38,402,355
<p>I thought this was a caveat of a Unicode world -> you cannot <em>correctly</em> process a byte stream as writing without knowing what the encoding is. If you assume an encoding, then you might get valid - but incorrect - characters showing up.</p> <p>Here's a test - a file with the writing:</p> <pre><code>hi1 hi2 ...
0
2016-07-15T17:50:30Z
38,402,611
<p>First things first: open your file as text, indicating the correct encodin,and in explicit text mode.</p> <p>If you are still using Python 2.7, use <code>codecs.open</code> instead of <code>open</code>. In Python 3.x, just use open:</p> <pre><code>import codecs myfile = codecs.open('d:/t/hi2.txt', 'rt', encoding='...
0
2016-07-15T18:08:01Z
[ "python", "windows", "unicode" ]
Reading a multibyte text file in Windows - how does it detect newlines? (Python 2)
38,402,355
<p>I thought this was a caveat of a Unicode world -> you cannot <em>correctly</em> process a byte stream as writing without knowing what the encoding is. If you assume an encoding, then you might get valid - but incorrect - characters showing up.</p> <p>Here's a test - a file with the writing:</p> <pre><code>hi1 hi2 ...
0
2016-07-15T17:50:30Z
38,405,822
<p>The result in this case has nothing to do with Windows or the standard I/O implementation of Microsoft's C runtime. You'll see the same result if you test this in Python 2 on a Linux system. It's just how <a href="https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/v2.7.12/Objects/fileobject.c#l1659" rel="nofollow"><code>file.readli...
1
2016-07-15T22:28:00Z
[ "python", "windows", "unicode" ]
tab autocomplete on python script execution in console
38,402,359
<p>i'm having this "issue" (for lack of better word), whenever i run my python script with arguments, i can't use the tab completion function of Unix consoles. For example when i want to put a file in the script execution. Hope this examples illustrate better my issue.</p> <p>Case 1</p> <pre><code>&gt;python3 script....
-2
2016-07-15T17:50:58Z
38,425,485
<p>Ok, for a work around this. Using python 3.5 i can achieve what i wanted, autocomplete name of files in bash when executing a python script.</p> <p>so with</p> <pre><code>&gt; python3 script.py [tab] folder/ folder1/ data.dat &gt; python3 script.py -f d [tab] folder/ folder1/ (file data.dat not showing) </code></...
0
2016-07-17T20:08:06Z
[ "python", "shell", "python-3.x", "unix", "execution" ]
displaying values from entry boxes in tkinter
38,402,473
<p>I am currently doing gcse computer science and for my current piece of work I have to make a population model. I have made several entry boxes and want to be able to store and then get that information to print on another window and later use it in calculations. Please could somebody help me to get the values to pri...
-1
2016-07-15T17:58:51Z
38,403,468
<p>First, the <code>command</code> option of a button expects a function, so your code is wrong when you write <code>command=entQuestion7.get()</code>, it should be <code>command=entQuestion7.get</code>. But even this way, nothing will happend because you don't do anything with the value.</p> <p>Secondly, I think it s...
0
2016-07-15T19:06:18Z
[ "python", "tkinter" ]
No output from Python subprocess
38,402,553
<p>I'm using Python 3.5.1 and Windows 10. I can't get <code>subprocess</code> to put output to the screen. So let's start with something simple: </p> <pre><code>import subprocess process = subprocess.run('echo hi', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) </code></pre> <p>When I run my python module, I want to it to print...
-2
2016-07-15T18:04:07Z
38,402,662
<p>It's not printing to the screen because you're redirecting the output to a <code>PIPE</code>. Remove the pipe argument and the output will go to the normal <code>stdout</code></p> <p>You can use <code>subprocess.call</code> also.</p> <pre><code>subprocess.call('echo hi', shell=True) </code></pre> <p>If you want ...
2
2016-07-15T18:11:21Z
[ "python", "windows", "shell", "python-3.x", "subprocess" ]
Grouping the values of all columns by index of a pandas dataframe
38,402,574
<p>I want to basically build a distribution of total no. of videos a user has watched. Watch is signified by 1 else 0. Users are index of the data frame. </p> <p>Assume the data is like this: </p> <pre><code>A B C User1 1 1 0 User2 0 1 0 User3 1 0 1 </code></pre> <p>I want for each use a count ...
1
2016-07-15T18:05:45Z
38,402,675
<p>Use the <strong>transpose</strong> method of the DataFrame.</p> <pre><code>In [38]: d = pd.DataFrame({'A':[1,0,1],'B':[1,1,0],'C':[0,0,1]},index=['User1','User2','User3']) In [39]: d Out[39]: A B C User1 1 1 0 User2 0 1 0 User3 1 0 1 In [40]: d.transpose() Out[40]: User1 User2 User3 A ...
-1
2016-07-15T18:12:28Z
[ "python", "pandas" ]
Grouping the values of all columns by index of a pandas dataframe
38,402,574
<p>I want to basically build a distribution of total no. of videos a user has watched. Watch is signified by 1 else 0. Users are index of the data frame. </p> <p>Assume the data is like this: </p> <pre><code>A B C User1 1 1 0 User2 0 1 0 User3 1 0 1 </code></pre> <p>I want for each use a count ...
1
2016-07-15T18:05:45Z
38,402,963
<p>If you have duplicates in index, you can use <code>groupby</code> with double <code>sum</code>:</p> <pre><code>print (df) A B C User1 1 1 0 User1 1 1 1 User2 0 1 0 User3 1 0 1 print (df.groupby(df.index).sum().sum(1)) User1 5 User2 1 User3 2 dtype: int64 </code></pre> <p>If there are...
0
2016-07-15T18:31:53Z
[ "python", "pandas" ]
requests: 'module' object has no attribute 'get'
38,402,714
<p>I installed the <code>requests</code> package last week and it worked fine.. Until this morning. I coded this and I got the <code>AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'get'</code> message:</p> <pre><code>import requests r = requests.get('http://www.yellowpages.com/search?search_terms=coffee&amp;geo_loc...
0
2016-07-15T18:15:00Z
38,402,742
<p>Is it possible that you named your script <code>requests.py</code> or that you have a similarly named file in the same directory?</p>
0
2016-07-15T18:17:24Z
[ "python", "python-3.x", "python-requests" ]
logout and login with different twitter account using ( Django + Allauth )
38,402,760
<p>I am using Allauth to login with twitter in my Django app. I have a problem to logout from existing account to login with different one. </p> <p>I make logout in function logout in my views.py<br> and within it i tried to call:</p> <pre><code>from django.contrib import auth auth.logout(request) </code></pre> <p...
0
2016-07-15T18:19:02Z
38,402,978
<p>All auth takes care of it, jut build a url to: /accounts/logout/</p> <p>No need to write your own view. If you want to know what it does you could override their view.</p>
0
2016-07-15T18:32:32Z
[ "python", "django", "twitter", "django-allauth" ]
list comprehension with multiple conditions (python)
38,402,777
<p>The following code works in Python</p> <pre><code>var=range(20) var_even = [0 if x%2==0 else x for x in var] print var,var_even </code></pre> <p>However, I thought that the conditions need to be put in the end of a list. If I make the code</p> <pre><code>var_even = [0 if x%2==0 for x in var] </code></pre> <p>The...
0
2016-07-15T18:20:01Z
38,402,817
<p><code>0 if x%2==0</code> the syntax is <code>value1 if conditionX else value2</code> , what it does is if conditionX is true, it returns value1, otherwise it returns value2. You cannot use it if you want to get the event numbers from the list, you always return value 0 if it is an even number and you miss the else ...
1
2016-07-15T18:23:18Z
[ "python", "list" ]
list comprehension with multiple conditions (python)
38,402,777
<p>The following code works in Python</p> <pre><code>var=range(20) var_even = [0 if x%2==0 else x for x in var] print var,var_even </code></pre> <p>However, I thought that the conditions need to be put in the end of a list. If I make the code</p> <pre><code>var_even = [0 if x%2==0 for x in var] </code></pre> <p>The...
0
2016-07-15T18:20:01Z
38,402,873
<p>There are two distinct but similar-looking syntaxes involved here, <strong>conditional expressions</strong> and <strong>list comprehension filter clauses</strong>.</p> <p>A conditional expression is of the form <code>x if y else z</code>. This syntax isn't related to list comprehensions. If you want to conditionall...
3
2016-07-15T18:27:03Z
[ "python", "list" ]
Get literal prefix of regex pattern
38,402,822
<p>Here is the problem:</p> <p>There is a list of thousands of regular expressions. I need to get regular expression which matches to the given string. <em>Hopefully</em>, these regexes are mutually exclusive, so if several regexes are matching at the same time, I'm ok with returning <em>any</em> of them.</p> <p>I as...
0
2016-07-15T18:23:30Z
38,403,706
<p>I came to the following regular expression: </p> <pre><code>(?:[^.^$*+?{\\[|(]|(?:\\(?:[^\dAbBdDsSwWZ]|0|[0-7]{3})))*(?![*?|]|{\d+(?:,\d*)?}) </code></pre> <ul> <li><p>It's needed to replace backslash+symbol with the symbol in matched string after search: </p> <p><code>\$</code> → <code>$</code></p></li> <li><p...
0
2016-07-15T19:23:19Z
[ "python", "regex" ]
Validate that a WTForms BooleanField is checked
38,402,850
<p>I am creating a form using Flask-WTForms.</p> <p>I am using a BooleanField so that a user can indicate they agree terms.</p> <p>I cannot validate the BooleanField upon submission to ensure that it has been checked. I have tried using Required(), DataRequired() and custom validation but in each case I have not rece...
0
2016-07-15T18:25:30Z
38,403,451
<p>Works for me— you do need to use <code>DataRequired()</code> (<code>Required</code> is being deprecated):</p> <pre><code>from flask import Flask, render_template from flask_wtf import Form from wtforms import BooleanField from wtforms.validators import DataRequired app = Flask(__name__) app.secret_key = 'STACKOV...
2
2016-07-15T19:05:35Z
[ "python", "flask", "wtforms", "flask-wtforms" ]
Best way to get info out of dictionary
38,402,863
<p>I am struggling to wrap my head around the best way to get the Title, Artist Name out the following list.</p> <pre><code>{'status': 'ok', 'results': [{'score': 0.94222, 'id': 'ca222fc1-d1ed-4c30-b21f-eb533cc909aa', 'recordings': [{'artists': [{'id': '84dc4f23-c0b8-4fe1-bbca-a3993ddc8fc2', 'name': 'Primus'}], 'id': ...
-1
2016-07-15T18:26:17Z
38,403,028
<p>If the dict is bothering you, you may want to convert it to a class.</p> <pre><code>class Music(): def __init__(self, song): self.title = song['results'][0]['recordings'][0]['title'] self.artist = song['results'][0]['recordings'][0]['artist'][0]['name'] # and so on and so forth new_so...
2
2016-07-15T18:35:44Z
[ "python" ]
Best way to get info out of dictionary
38,402,863
<p>I am struggling to wrap my head around the best way to get the Title, Artist Name out the following list.</p> <pre><code>{'status': 'ok', 'results': [{'score': 0.94222, 'id': 'ca222fc1-d1ed-4c30-b21f-eb533cc909aa', 'recordings': [{'artists': [{'id': '84dc4f23-c0b8-4fe1-bbca-a3993ddc8fc2', 'name': 'Primus'}], 'id': ...
-1
2016-07-15T18:26:17Z
38,403,042
<p>The data which you getting is mix of dict and list. Since list can only be accessed via index I dont think there could be a better way of doing it unless you preprocess your data to remove that extra nested list.</p>
0
2016-07-15T18:36:26Z
[ "python" ]
Creating Grouped bars in Matplotlib
38,402,890
<p>I have just started learning python and I am using the Titanic data set to practice </p> <p>I am not able to create a grouped bar chart and it it giving me an error 'incompatible sizes: argument 'height' must be length 2 or scalar'</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as p...
-1
2016-07-15T18:27:46Z
38,404,017
<p>How about replacing your second block of code (the one that returns a <code>ValueError</code>) with this</p> <pre><code>bar_width = 0.35 tot_people_count = (female_count + male_count) * 1.0 plt.bar(0, female_count, bar_width, color ='b') plt.bar(1, male_count, bar_width, color ='y',) plt.bar(0, have_survived/tot_...
0
2016-07-15T19:44:58Z
[ "python", "numpy", "pandas", "matplotlib", "bar-chart" ]
How to make dynamic updates to the database using a list in python
38,402,895
<pre><code>if year in Year: #print 'executing' for rows in range(1,sheet.nrows): records = [] FIP = str(sheet.cell(rows, 1).value) for cols in range(9,sheet.ncols): records.append(str(sheet.cell(rows,cols).value)) cur.execute("UPDATE " + str(table_name) + " SET " + (str(variables[0...
0
2016-07-15T18:28:10Z
38,406,886
<p>You will find it easier to use parameter-substitution. See <a href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#paramstyle" rel="nofollow">params</a>, and note that <strong>execute</strong> takes a sequence argument. Then that line starts to look something like, </p> <pre><code>cur.execute(sql, records) </code></pr...
0
2016-07-16T01:31:19Z
[ "python", "sql-server" ]
Split rows according to text in two columns (Python, Pandas)
38,402,906
<p>This is my dataframe (with many more letters and a length of ~35.5k) and stuff where the – are other relevant strings). All the variables are strings and ['C1','C2'] is the MultiIndex.</p> <pre><code>tmp C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Start End C8 A 1 - - - 12 14 - A 2 ...
1
2016-07-15T18:28:53Z
38,403,123
<p>You can create new <code>df</code> from <code>s1</code> and <code>s2</code> and then <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.DataFrame.join.html" rel="nofollow"><code>join</code></a>. Also better is use parameter <code>expand=True</code> in <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/...
3
2016-07-15T18:42:24Z
[ "python", "string", "pandas", "split", "multi-index" ]
Split rows according to text in two columns (Python, Pandas)
38,402,906
<p>This is my dataframe (with many more letters and a length of ~35.5k) and stuff where the – are other relevant strings). All the variables are strings and ['C1','C2'] is the MultiIndex.</p> <pre><code>tmp C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Start End C8 A 1 - - - 12 14 - A 2 ...
1
2016-07-15T18:28:53Z
38,403,220
<p>I concat the expanded <code>'Start'</code> and <code>'End'</code> columns to ensure they match up even if they don't have the same number of entries.</p> <pre><code>s = tmp.Start.str.split(',', expand=True).stack().rename('Start') e = tmp.End.str.split(',', expand=True).stack().rename('End') se = pd.concat([s, e], ...
3
2016-07-15T18:49:01Z
[ "python", "string", "pandas", "split", "multi-index" ]
Python define class functions in seperate py file
38,402,932
<p>I am working on a project that deals with data analysis. In order to simplify the process of finding and modifying functions, I have decided to put functions of a similar purposes in different py files. The issue comes in when functions in one py file require functions from another to work. I think I can solve the i...
-1
2016-07-15T18:30:11Z
38,403,034
<p>You don't need classes, you simply need to re-think the responsibility of your functions. In general, any case where you have <code>A</code> depends on <code>B</code> and <code>B</code> depends on <code>A</code> you're confused.</p> <p>What you typically want to have is:</p> <ul> <li><code>C</code> depends on <cod...
1
2016-07-15T18:36:12Z
[ "python", "class", "prototype", "forward-declaration" ]
Python define class functions in seperate py file
38,402,932
<p>I am working on a project that deals with data analysis. In order to simplify the process of finding and modifying functions, I have decided to put functions of a similar purposes in different py files. The issue comes in when functions in one py file require functions from another to work. I think I can solve the i...
-1
2016-07-15T18:30:11Z
38,403,094
<ol> <li><p>To avoid confusion, in <code>a.py</code> and <code>b.py</code>, rename your implementation functions <code>a1_impl</code>, <code>a2_impl</code>, ... (or some other consistent naming convention).</p></li> <li><p>Update the code:</p> <pre><code>from b import * from a import * class test(object): a1 = a1...
0
2016-07-15T18:40:29Z
[ "python", "class", "prototype", "forward-declaration" ]
Python define class functions in seperate py file
38,402,932
<p>I am working on a project that deals with data analysis. In order to simplify the process of finding and modifying functions, I have decided to put functions of a similar purposes in different py files. The issue comes in when functions in one py file require functions from another to work. I think I can solve the i...
-1
2016-07-15T18:30:11Z
38,403,107
<p>Use mix-in classes:</p> <pre><code># In a.py class A(object): def a1(self): self.var=3 def a2(self): self.b1(4) # In b.py class B(object): def b1(self, x): self.var=x def b2(self): self.a1() # In testclass.py class Test(A, B): def __init__(self): self...
0
2016-07-15T18:41:19Z
[ "python", "class", "prototype", "forward-declaration" ]
Dictionary Comprehension to generate values of built-in type
38,402,938
<p>I would like to do a dictionary comprehension to get a list of keys with the built-in type of <code>str</code> as values. </p> <pre><code>headers = ['Header1', 'Header2', 'Header3'] print dict([(x,str) for x in headers]) </code></pre> <p>output:</p> <pre><code>{'Header2': &lt;type 'str'&gt;, 'Header3': &lt;type '...
1
2016-07-15T18:30:29Z
38,402,994
<p>You <strong>do</strong> have a dictionary with the built-in <code>str</code> in it. </p> <p>The <code>&lt;type 'str'&gt;</code> is due to the <code>print</code> call which will use the value obtained from calling an objects' <code>__str__</code> when it prints it. That value for <code>str</code> is <code>&lt;type '...
5
2016-07-15T18:33:33Z
[ "python", "python-2.7", "dictionary", "dictionary-comprehension" ]
Django/Python: Import once, use everywhere
38,402,941
<p>I have the following structure for my <code>views</code> directory.</p> <pre><code>views |--__init__.py |--a_management.py |--b_management.py |--c_management.py |--d_management.py |--e_management.py </code></pre> <p>and <code>__init__.py</code> starts with the following:</p> <pre><code>from a_management import * ...
5
2016-07-15T18:30:32Z
38,403,360
<p>If each <code>management</code> module needs access to <code>sys</code>, then they all must import it. No way around that. (And really, if they all need it, then they all <em>should</em> import it. It's not a bad thing.)</p> <p>You could save a bit of typing by having <code>__init__</code> import <code>sys</code...
3
2016-07-15T18:59:11Z
[ "python", "django", "python-import" ]
Django/Python: Import once, use everywhere
38,402,941
<p>I have the following structure for my <code>views</code> directory.</p> <pre><code>views |--__init__.py |--a_management.py |--b_management.py |--c_management.py |--d_management.py |--e_management.py </code></pre> <p>and <code>__init__.py</code> starts with the following:</p> <pre><code>from a_management import * ...
5
2016-07-15T18:30:32Z
38,403,714
<p>What about using a shared script to do all the system imports?</p> <p>BTW, I agree that <code>import *</code> is not the greatest of idea. It makes sense in my use of <strong>importer</strong>, but I am not so sure in your general setup. Also, you need to careful about circular imports.</p> <p>So, my answer is s...
2
2016-07-15T19:23:58Z
[ "python", "django", "python-import" ]
How to write data to Redshift that is a result of a dataframe created in Python?
38,402,995
<p>I have a dataframe in Python. Can I write this data to Redshift as a new table? I have successfully created a db connection to Redshift and am able to execute simple sql queries. Now I need to write a dataframe to it. </p>
1
2016-07-15T18:33:34Z
38,443,665
<p>For the purpose of this conversation Postgres = RedShift You have two options:</p> <p><strong>Option 1:</strong></p> <p>From Pandas: <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/io.html#io-sql" rel="nofollow">http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/io.html#io-sql</a></p> <p>The pandas.io.sql module pr...
0
2016-07-18T18:28:11Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe", "amazon-redshift", "psycopg2" ]
How to write data to Redshift that is a result of a dataframe created in Python?
38,402,995
<p>I have a dataframe in Python. Can I write this data to Redshift as a new table? I have successfully created a db connection to Redshift and am able to execute simple sql queries. Now I need to write a dataframe to it. </p>
1
2016-07-15T18:33:34Z
39,709,820
<p>You can use <code>to_sql</code> to push data to a Redshift database. I've been able to do this using a connection to my database through a SQLAlchemy engine. Just be sure to set <code>index = False</code> in your <code>to_sql</code> call. The table will be created if it doesn't exist, and you can specify if you w...
2
2016-09-26T18:24:44Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe", "amazon-redshift", "psycopg2" ]
Python: Adding hour vector to date vector elementwise
38,403,141
<p>I have an array of dates as:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; dates array([datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 2, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2013, 2, 1, 0, 0))], dtype=object) </code></pre> <p>I have corresponding array of hours of same size as dates:</p> <pre><code>numpy.asarra...
2
2016-07-15T18:43:41Z
38,403,197
<p>All you need is creating <code>timedelta</code>s from your hours as a numpy array tehm add it with your dates:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; import datetime &gt;&gt;&gt; import numpy as np &gt;&gt;&gt; dates = np.array([datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 1, 0, 0), ... datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 2, 0, 0), ... da...
1
2016-07-15T18:47:54Z
[ "python", "datetime", "numpy" ]
Getting nameerror in python
38,403,142
<p>I have the following function, I want to concat the 2 strings, What wrong am I doing here?</p> <pre><code>commands = ["abcd","123"] def configure_dev(self, steps): func_name = self.id + ':configure dev' global conf_cmd for key in commands: conf_cmd += key + '\n' print(conf_cmd) </code></pr...
1
2016-07-15T18:43:43Z
38,403,193
<p>All you need to do is to add: <code>conf_cmd = ''</code></p> <p>just after <code>commands = ["abcd","123"]</code></p> <p>Why? <code>global conf_cmd</code> Does not create new string, it just means you can access the global variable. </p>
1
2016-07-15T18:47:38Z
[ "python" ]
Getting nameerror in python
38,403,142
<p>I have the following function, I want to concat the 2 strings, What wrong am I doing here?</p> <pre><code>commands = ["abcd","123"] def configure_dev(self, steps): func_name = self.id + ':configure dev' global conf_cmd for key in commands: conf_cmd += key + '\n' print(conf_cmd) </code></pr...
1
2016-07-15T18:43:43Z
38,403,202
<p>I added your code with your critical issue resolved.</p> <pre><code>commands = ["abcd","123"] def configure_dev(self, steps): func_name = self.id + ':configure dev' global conf_cmd = '' // &lt;-- '' for key in commands: conf_cmd+=key+'\n' print(conf_cmd) </code></pre>
1
2016-07-15T18:48:02Z
[ "python" ]
Need Python regex for all characters between double quotes after 'returned'
38,403,159
<p>I have an error message response...</p> <pre><code>&lt;HttpError 404 when requesting https://www.googleapis.com/bigquery/v2/projects/di-dtbqquery-us-poc-1/queries?alt=json returned "Not found: Table di-dtbqquery-us-poc-1:lab_auxiliary.antonioTes"&gt;` </code></pre> <p>I only need the text between the double quotes...
0
2016-07-15T18:44:56Z
38,403,198
<p>Try something like this:</p> <pre><code>.*returned "(?P&lt;error_message&gt;.*)" </code></pre>
2
2016-07-15T18:47:57Z
[ "python", "regex" ]
Prints a 2D list of the possible rolls of two dice in python
38,403,168
<p>I am trying to print a 2D list of the possible rolls of two dice in python 3.0+, using Eclipse I have two questions. First, why my prof gave the function that take no arguments, what should I write for the main program? Second, when it runs to r.append(result) , it said AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute ...
1
2016-07-15T18:45:30Z
38,403,316
<p>I am not going to do your homework, but to answer your questions:</p> <p>1) Probably because your Professor wanted to make the assignment more challenging</p> <p>2) Because when you are trying to append <code>r</code>, <code>r</code> is an int</p> <pre><code>for r in range(DICE1): # r are the integers in the ran...
1
2016-07-15T18:55:42Z
[ "python" ]
How to segment blood vessels python opencv
38,403,205
<p>I am trying to segment the blood vessels in retinal images using Python and OpenCV. Here is the original image:</p> <p><a href="http://i.stack.imgur.com/aB4Iz.jpg" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/aB4Iz.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></a></p> <p>Ideally I want all the blood vessels to be ...
6
2016-07-15T18:48:13Z
38,414,873
<p>I worked on retina vessel detection for a bit few years ago, and there are different ways to do it:</p> <ul> <li>If you don't need a top result but something fast, you can use oriented openings, <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3327391_Segmentation_of_vessel-like_patterns_using_mathematical_morphol...
0
2016-07-16T19:33:16Z
[ "python", "image", "opencv", "computer-vision", "edge-detection" ]
How to multiply every other list item by 2 in python
38,403,219
<p>I'm making a program that validates a credit card, by multiplying every other number in the card number by 2; after i'll add the digits multiplied by 2 to the ones not multiplied by 2. All of the double digit numbers are added by the sum of their digits, so 14 becomes 1+4. I have a photo below that explains it all. ...
-1
2016-07-15T18:48:57Z
38,403,386
<p>To perform that sum:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; s = '4417123456789113' &gt;&gt;&gt; sum(int(c) for c in ''.join(str(int(x)*(2-i%2)) for i, x in enumerate(s))) 70 </code></pre> <h3>How it works</h3> <p>The code consists of two parts. The first part creates a string with every other number doubled:</p> <pre><cod...
2
2016-07-15T19:00:54Z
[ "python" ]
How to multiply every other list item by 2 in python
38,403,219
<p>I'm making a program that validates a credit card, by multiplying every other number in the card number by 2; after i'll add the digits multiplied by 2 to the ones not multiplied by 2. All of the double digit numbers are added by the sum of their digits, so 14 becomes 1+4. I have a photo below that explains it all. ...
-1
2016-07-15T18:48:57Z
38,403,416
<p>You need to increment the <code>count</code> inside the <code>while()</code> loop. Also, append the user input to your <code>card_li</code> list after you have the <code>if..</code> check. Your <strong>init</strong> method should look like:</p> <pre><code>def __init__(self): count = 1 self.card_li = [] ...
0
2016-07-15T19:03:04Z
[ "python" ]
Can't get my program to animate multiple patches in python matplotlib
38,403,232
<p>I am attempting to animate two different particles in matplotlib (python). I just figured out a way to animate one particle in matplotlib, but I am havign difficulties trying to get the program to work with multiple particles. Does anyone know what is wrong and how to fix it?</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np from ...
0
2016-07-15T18:49:57Z
38,421,142
<pre><code>import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from matplotlib import animation fig = plt.figure() fig.set_dpi(100) fig.set_size_inches(5, 4.5) ax = plt.axes(xlim=(0, 100), ylim=(0, 100)) enemy = plt.Circle((10, -10), 0.75, fc='r') agent = plt.Circle((10, -10), 0.75, fc='b') def init(): enem...
1
2016-07-17T12:24:58Z
[ "python", "animation", "matplotlib", "plot", "simulation" ]
Django RegexValidator fails on empty string
38,403,238
<p>I have added a custom validation for my username field,</p> <p>my regex is, <code>^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{1,15}$</code> which I need to validate a-z, 0-9 and _ (underscores) of length 1-15.</p> <pre><code>def validate_username(value): valid_username = r'^[a-zA-Z0-9_]{1,15}$' validator = RegexValidator(regex=valid_u...
0
2016-07-15T18:50:25Z
38,403,317
<p>The <code>validator</code> is never called in your <code>save</code> method when the string is empty:</p> <pre><code>if self.username: # an empty string will not pass this condition self.username = validate_username(self.username) </code></pre>
2
2016-07-15T18:55:43Z
[ "python", "regex", "django" ]
Django Model Graph (pydot) Error
38,403,350
<p>I have recently started working on a big Django project with existing complicated model. I needed to visualize that model, so I decided to use django-extensions (namely <strong>pygraphviz</strong>). But unfortunately, failed to install <strong>pygraphviz</strong> on windows using pip, so I installed <strong>pydot</s...
1
2016-07-15T18:58:30Z
38,412,639
<p>You must use older <code>pydot</code>. Version 1.1.0 works for me. Install with:</p> <pre><code>pip install pydot==1.1.0 </code></pre>
0
2016-07-16T15:32:16Z
[ "python", "django", "graph", "model", "pydot" ]
Django Model Graph (pydot) Error
38,403,350
<p>I have recently started working on a big Django project with existing complicated model. I needed to visualize that model, so I decided to use django-extensions (namely <strong>pygraphviz</strong>). But unfortunately, failed to install <strong>pygraphviz</strong> on windows using pip, so I installed <strong>pydot</s...
1
2016-07-15T18:58:30Z
39,171,212
<p>pydot==1.1.0 doesn't work for me with Python 3.5. as pydot 1.1.0 is not compatible with <strong>Python 3.5</strong></p> <p>Using <strong>pydotplus</strong> worked for me.</p> <pre><code>pip install pydotplus </code></pre>
1
2016-08-26T16:54:31Z
[ "python", "django", "graph", "model", "pydot" ]
OpenGL (Python) - applying an STMap (UVmap) to an image?
38,403,443
<p>i have the following code that loads and displays (using PyQt) an image on the screen:</p> <pre><code>gVShader = """ attribute vec4 position; attribute vec2 texture_coordinates; varying vec2 v_texture_coordinates; void main() { v_texture_coor...
2
2016-07-15T19:05:08Z
38,473,827
<p>Since I do not have all resources I cannot run you code here.</p> <p>From the shader point of view, you can modify <code>texture1</code> coordinates by using <code>texture2</code> coordinates. There are many ways to do that, for example you could just translate them by adding UVMap values to it. Here, <code>texture...
2
2016-07-20T06:29:12Z
[ "python", "opengl" ]
pygame crash right after taking an action
38,403,479
<p>Im new at Python, so the problem at my code is probably a silly one. Right after the image of the player is moving, the window of the pygame is crashing without an error message at the IDLE.</p> <p>im using Python 2.7. Here's the code: </p> <pre><code>import pygame,sys from pygame.locals import * pygame.init() di...
0
2016-07-15T19:06:37Z
38,403,994
<p>I just skimmed over your program, if I'm not wrong (hopefully I'm not) you keep adding 10 to cax, the result is that your player reaches the position which will set flag to false after just 26 iterations in your while loop. This will happen quite fast.</p>
0
2016-07-15T19:43:19Z
[ "python", "pygame" ]
pygame crash right after taking an action
38,403,479
<p>Im new at Python, so the problem at my code is probably a silly one. Right after the image of the player is moving, the window of the pygame is crashing without an error message at the IDLE.</p> <p>im using Python 2.7. Here's the code: </p> <pre><code>import pygame,sys from pygame.locals import * pygame.init() di...
0
2016-07-15T19:06:37Z
38,404,217
<p>I look through your program and the issue is that you set <code>flag = False</code> when <code>if cax == 410</code>. That is why your program quits, because the condition becomes True after just a couple of seconds. But there are many things you should consider, so I made some changes (not in the program but in name...
0
2016-07-15T19:59:14Z
[ "python", "pygame" ]
ipcluster on Sun Grid Engine has only ranks 0
38,403,534
<p>I set up an IPython parallel <code>ipcluster</code> to use the Sun Grid Engine and things seem to work fine:</p> <p><code>ipcluster start -n 100 --profile=sge</code></p> <pre><code>2016-07-15 14:47:09.749 [IPClusterStart] Starting ipcluster with [daemon=False] 2016-07-15 14:47:09.751 [IPClusterStart] Creating pid ...
0
2016-07-15T19:11:10Z
38,433,954
<p>Found the solution/bug myself:</p> <p>in <code>ipcluster_config.py</code>, I forgot to rename some cases of <code>Slurm</code>-><code>SGE</code>, so it should be</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>c.IPClusterEngines.engine_launcher_class = 'SGEEngineSetLauncher' c.IPClusterStart.controller_launche...
0
2016-07-18T10:07:06Z
[ "python", "ipython", "sungridengine", "ipython-parallel" ]
Find duplicates, add to variable and remove
38,403,761
<p>I have a script that writes sales values to separate lines in a file and the ultimate goal is to save the data into a database. The problem I'm running into is that there are duplicate entries for the same sales person, date, product, price and quantity.</p> <p>My code is written like this to the file:</p> <pre><c...
1
2016-07-15T19:27:05Z
38,403,919
<p>Assuming your files is called records.txt</p> <p>To Split the file into a separate file for each salesperson:</p> <p><code>awk '{print > $1}' records.txt</code></p> <p>Then to count specific items per salesperson:</p> <p><code>cat Sara | grep 'Hammer' | awk '{print $NF,sum}' | awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}'</code><...
0
2016-07-15T19:38:11Z
[ "python", "django", "counter" ]
Find duplicates, add to variable and remove
38,403,761
<p>I have a script that writes sales values to separate lines in a file and the ultimate goal is to save the data into a database. The problem I'm running into is that there are duplicate entries for the same sales person, date, product, price and quantity.</p> <p>My code is written like this to the file:</p> <pre><c...
1
2016-07-15T19:27:05Z
38,404,040
<p>sample.csv</p> <pre><code>John 07-15-2016 Tool Belt $100 2 Sara 07-15-2016 Hammer $100 3 John 07-15-2016 Tool Belt $100 2 John 07-15-2016 Tool Belt $100 2 Sara 07-15-2016 Hammer $100 3 </code></pre> <p>test.py</p> <pre><code>with open("sample.csv") as inputs: mydict = dict() for line in inputs: el...
0
2016-07-15T19:46:23Z
[ "python", "django", "counter" ]
How to pass Variable from Python to VBA Sub
38,403,790
<p>I am trying to call a VBA sub from my Python code to convert all excel files in a specified folder from the xls to xlsm format.</p> <p>I can use the following code when I am not using a variable in the VBA and it works well.</p> <p><strong>Python Code:</strong></p> <pre><code>import os import win32com.client xl=...
1
2016-07-15T19:29:23Z
38,403,831
<p>Go to Macro Security under the developer tag and choose the Enable all macros option </p>
0
2016-07-15T19:32:41Z
[ "python", "excel", "vba", "excel-vba" ]
How to pass Variable from Python to VBA Sub
38,403,790
<p>I am trying to call a VBA sub from my Python code to convert all excel files in a specified folder from the xls to xlsm format.</p> <p>I can use the following code when I am not using a variable in the VBA and it works well.</p> <p><strong>Python Code:</strong></p> <pre><code>import os import win32com.client xl=...
1
2016-07-15T19:29:23Z
38,405,493
<p>Per Tim Williams suggestion I read the last section of rondebruin.nl/win/s9/win001.htm and formulated the python code</p> <pre><code> import os import win32com.client Datev = """16.06 """ xl=win32com.client.Dispatch("Excel.Application") xl.Workbooks.Open(Filename="C:\Users\Name\Documents\PERSONA...
0
2016-07-15T21:51:39Z
[ "python", "excel", "vba", "excel-vba" ]
Python metaclass conflict/Type error
38,403,795
<p>I'm debugging a python script (python isn't my go to language), and this is the first time I'm working with metaclass's in python. I'm getting a metaclass conflict error when I run the code as it is below.</p> <pre><code>TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases metaclass conflict: the metaclass of a de...
0
2016-07-15T19:29:53Z
38,404,006
<p>The problem is that when selecting a metaclass, python picks the most inherited version. However, you have two conflicting metaclasses in play (<code>ABCMeta</code> and whatever <code>MSoftware</code> has).</p> <p>I think that the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.5/reference/datamodel.html#determining-the-approp...
2
2016-07-15T19:44:11Z
[ "python", "python-2.7" ]
Python metaclass conflict/Type error
38,403,795
<p>I'm debugging a python script (python isn't my go to language), and this is the first time I'm working with metaclass's in python. I'm getting a metaclass conflict error when I run the code as it is below.</p> <pre><code>TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases metaclass conflict: the metaclass of a de...
0
2016-07-15T19:29:53Z
38,407,284
<p>The issue has to do with your imports, and confusion between identically named classes and modules. The <code>MSoftware</code> you're importing in <code>MySQLMSoftware.py</code> is the module implemented in <code>MSoftware.py</code>, not the class of the same name within that module. To get the latter (without chang...
1
2016-07-16T03:00:32Z
[ "python", "python-2.7" ]
Query in pandas for closest object (in time) which meets a set of conditions
38,403,939
<p>I am using Pandas to manage a set of files which have several properties:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd data = {'Objtype' : ['bias', 'bias', 'flat', 'flat', 'StdStar', 'flat', 'Arc', 'Target1', 'Arc', 'Flat', 'Flat', 'Flat', 'bias', 'bias'], 'UT' : pd.date_range("11:00", "12:05", freq="5min...
2
2016-07-15T19:39:18Z
38,405,651
<p>Let's build a function</p> <pre><code>def get_closest(df, idx, bool_cond, to_this): others = df.loc[bool_cond, to_this] target = df.loc[idx, to_this] return df.ix[(others - target).abs().idxmin()] </code></pre> <p>First, assume when you are looking for somethihg closest to something else that we have a...
2
2016-07-15T22:08:53Z
[ "python", "datetime", "numpy", "pandas" ]
Sklearn - How to predict probability for all target labels
38,403,951
<p>I have a data set with a target variable that can have 7 different labels. Each sample in my training set has only one label for the target variable. </p> <p>For each sample, I want to calculate the probability for each of the target labels. So my prediction would consist of 7 probabilities for each row.</p> <p>On...
0
2016-07-15T19:40:19Z
38,409,496
<p>You can do that by simply removing the <code>OneVsRestClassifer</code> and using <a href="http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier.html#sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier.predict_proba" rel="nofollow"><code>predict_proba</code></a> method of the <a href="http://scikit-lea...
1
2016-07-16T09:05:00Z
[ "python", "scikit-learn", "multilabel-classification" ]
Sklearn - How to predict probability for all target labels
38,403,951
<p>I have a data set with a target variable that can have 7 different labels. Each sample in my training set has only one label for the target variable. </p> <p>For each sample, I want to calculate the probability for each of the target labels. So my prediction would consist of 7 probabilities for each row.</p> <p>On...
0
2016-07-15T19:40:19Z
38,413,714
<p>You can try using <a href="http://scikit.ml" rel="nofollow">scikit-multilearn</a> - an extension of sklearn that handles multilabel classification. If your labels are not overly correlated you can train one classifier per label and get all predictions - try (after <em>pip install scikit-multilearn</em>):</p> <pre><...
1
2016-07-16T17:23:44Z
[ "python", "scikit-learn", "multilabel-classification" ]
How to use the return value of the first task in the second task's group for loop?
38,403,999
<p>I have two celery tasks:</p> <pre><code>@app.task def task1(a, b, c, d): # do some stuff and find the return value return r @app.task def task2(a, b, c, d, e, f, g): # do some other stuff </code></pre> <p>I want to first execute task1 and then execute a list of task2 in parallel:</p> <pre><code>c = ch...
-1
2016-07-15T19:43:34Z
38,405,656
<p>You may specify a base for your first task and have it call the second task with the retVal of the first. You can do this in the on_success method of your base.</p> <pre><code>import Task from Celery def setVal(): return 1, 2, 3 class FollowUp(Task): def on_success(self, retval, task_id, *args, **kwargs):...
0
2016-07-15T22:09:27Z
[ "python", "celery", "chain" ]
Pygit2: Why does merge leave branch in an unclean state?
38,404,020
<p>I'm currently running Pygit 0.24.1 (along with libgit 0.24.1), working on a repository where I have two branches (say <code>prod</code> and <code>dev</code>).</p> <p>Every change is first commited to the <code>dev</code> branch and pushed to the remote repository. To do that, I have this piece of code:</p> <pre><c...
4
2016-07-15T19:45:11Z
38,442,759
<p>I would explain the observed problem as follows:</p> <pre><code>head_commit = repo.head # This resets the index and the working tree to the old state # and records that we are in a state corresponding to the commit # pointed to by refs/heads/prod repo.checkout('refs/heads/prod') prod_branch_tip = repo.lookup_refe...
3
2016-07-18T17:32:29Z
[ "python", "git", "python-2.7", "libgit2", "pygit2" ]
Filling NumPy array with object instances?
38,404,079
<p>I am trying to add object instances of <code>astropy</code> <code>Angles</code> to a <code>NumPy</code> array , and am getting an error:</p> <p><code>ValueError: setting an array element with a sequence.</code></p> <p>the <code>Angle</code> objects look something like this:</p> <p><code>&lt;Angle 1.2557346257567 ...
0
2016-07-15T19:49:39Z
38,404,362
<p>I don't have <code>astrop</code> package and don't know the details of the <code>Angle</code> object. But I can make some Python and numpy observations.</p> <p><code>&lt;Angle 1.2557346257567 deg&gt;</code> is the string representation of this object, produced by its <code>__repr__</code> method.</p> <p>The TypeE...
2
2016-07-15T20:10:43Z
[ "python", "object", "numpy", "sequence", "astropy" ]
Filling NumPy array with object instances?
38,404,079
<p>I am trying to add object instances of <code>astropy</code> <code>Angles</code> to a <code>NumPy</code> array , and am getting an error:</p> <p><code>ValueError: setting an array element with a sequence.</code></p> <p>the <code>Angle</code> objects look something like this:</p> <p><code>&lt;Angle 1.2557346257567 ...
0
2016-07-15T19:49:39Z
38,404,372
<p>You can set the <code>dtype</code> of the array to <code>object</code>, a trivial example being</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np from astropy.coordinates import Angle a, b, c = Angle('1.2562500714928306d'), Angle('1.2562500714928306d'), Angle('1.2562500714928306d') s = np.array([a, b, c], dtype=object) </code></pr...
0
2016-07-15T20:11:36Z
[ "python", "object", "numpy", "sequence", "astropy" ]
Filling NumPy array with object instances?
38,404,079
<p>I am trying to add object instances of <code>astropy</code> <code>Angles</code> to a <code>NumPy</code> array , and am getting an error:</p> <p><code>ValueError: setting an array element with a sequence.</code></p> <p>the <code>Angle</code> objects look something like this:</p> <p><code>&lt;Angle 1.2557346257567 ...
0
2016-07-15T19:49:39Z
38,406,593
<p>Don't create a list or array of <code>Angle</code> objects.<br> Instead, view <code>Angle</code> (and similar astropy classes) as a container object that adds a unit, and initialize it with a list or array.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; from astropy.coordinates import Angle &gt;&gt;&gt; from astr...
4
2016-07-16T00:28:31Z
[ "python", "object", "numpy", "sequence", "astropy" ]
Python Sphinx/rest substitution for long names defining substitution rule in same source file
38,404,147
<p>Post <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10034303/python-sphinx-referencing-long-names">Python Sphinx referencing long names</a> provided one answer that was very close to what I was looking for with regards to substitution directives for long class names.</p> <pre><code>def exampleFunction(): '''Here i...
1
2016-07-15T19:54:50Z
38,404,422
<p>You can do that with the variable <code>rst_epilog</code> in your <code>conf.py</code> file. This is taken straight from <a href="http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/config.html#confval-rst_epilog" rel="nofollow">rst_epilog</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>rst_epilog</p> <p>A string of reStructuredText that will be ...
0
2016-07-15T20:15:38Z
[ "python", "python-sphinx", "substitution" ]
Is None really a built-in?
38,404,151
<p>I am trying to use Python's (2.7) <code>eval</code> in a (relatively) safe manner. Hence, I defined:</p> <pre><code>def safer_eval(string): """Safer version of eval() as globals and builtins are inaccessible""" return eval(string, {'__builtins__': {}}) </code></pre> <p>As expected, the following does not w...
2
2016-07-15T19:55:09Z
38,404,267
<p>In Python 2.7, this is a perfectly valid statement.</p> <pre><code>True = False &gt;&gt;&gt; print True False </code></pre> <p>Try to do it with <code>None</code> though, and..</p> <p><code>SyntaxError: cannot assign to None</code></p> <p>Can kind of make your head spin. I'm not sure, but I suspect that <code>Tr...
0
2016-07-15T20:02:40Z
[ "python", "built-in", "nonetype" ]
Is None really a built-in?
38,404,151
<p>I am trying to use Python's (2.7) <code>eval</code> in a (relatively) safe manner. Hence, I defined:</p> <pre><code>def safer_eval(string): """Safer version of eval() as globals and builtins are inaccessible""" return eval(string, {'__builtins__': {}}) </code></pre> <p>As expected, the following does not w...
2
2016-07-15T19:55:09Z
38,404,298
<p><code>None</code> is a <em>constant</em> in Python, see the <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords" rel="nofollow"><em>Keywords</em> documentation</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>Changed in version 2.4: <code>None</code> became a constant and is now recognized by the compiler as a na...
9
2016-07-15T20:05:12Z
[ "python", "built-in", "nonetype" ]
Summing Groups of Columns within a Pandas Dataframe
38,404,247
<p>I have a pandas dataframe with 600 columns (df1), and I want to sum the values of each column in groups of 6. In other words, I want to create a new dataframe (df2) that has 100 columns, each column being the sum of 6 columns from the input dataframe. For example, Each row the first column in df2 will be the sum of ...
1
2016-07-15T20:00:56Z
38,404,341
<p>You can <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.DataFrame.groupby.html" rel="nofollow"><code>groupby</code></a> by columns (<code>axis=1</code>) with groups created by <code>df.columns //6</code> and <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.core.groupby.Grou...
1
2016-07-15T20:08:49Z
[ "python", "pandas", "dataframe", "sum" ]
Python - Multiprocessing Pool Class: Can the Thread Function contain arguments?
38,404,320
<p>I want to know if it is possible to pass arguments into the threading pool funktion?</p> <pre><code>from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool def mainFunc(): myArray = ["A", "B", "C"] pool = ThreadPool(8) pool.map(threadFunc, myArray) # how is it possible to give &gt;&gt;threadFunc&lt;&...
0
2016-07-15T20:06:37Z
38,404,357
<ol> <li><p>The official python docs says</p> <blockquote> <p>A parallel equivalent of the map() built-in function (it supports only one iterable argument though). It blocks until the result is ready.</p> </blockquote> <p>Therefore it is impossible to add another argument, but you can always add text1 as the last e...
2
2016-07-15T20:09:59Z
[ "python", "multithreading", "multiprocessing", "pool" ]
Python - Multiprocessing Pool Class: Can the Thread Function contain arguments?
38,404,320
<p>I want to know if it is possible to pass arguments into the threading pool funktion?</p> <pre><code>from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool def mainFunc(): myArray = ["A", "B", "C"] pool = ThreadPool(8) pool.map(threadFunc, myArray) # how is it possible to give &gt;&gt;threadFunc&lt;&...
0
2016-07-15T20:06:37Z
38,410,625
<p>You can pass as many arguments as you want in a tuple or a list:</p> <pre><code>from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool def mainFunc(): myArray = ["A", "B", "C"] text1 = "Hello " pool = ThreadPool(8) # combine text1 with each element in myArray args_generator = ((text1, x) for x...
0
2016-07-16T11:16:01Z
[ "python", "multithreading", "multiprocessing", "pool" ]
Efficiently compute historical aggregates
38,404,359
<p>I have a dataframe containing historical records, for example sales.</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd first_salesman = pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=[pd.to_datetime('2015-01-01'), pd.to_datetime('2015-01-02'), pd.to_datetime('2015-01-03')]) second_salesman = pd.Series([2, 0, 5], index=[pd.to_datetime('2015-01-01'),...
2
2016-07-15T20:10:11Z
38,406,260
<p>After some tinkering, I found the solution. In Pandas >= 0.18, you can use df.expanding(). See <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/computation.html" rel="nofollow">documentation</a>.</p> <p>A clean solution to this scenario is this one-liner:</p> <pre><code>df.set_index(['Salesman_id', 'Date']).ex...
0
2016-07-15T23:26:53Z
[ "python", "pandas" ]
2 Sample KS test - something seems wrong
38,404,398
<p>I am attempting to run a Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test using the ks_2samp function from scipy to determine if histograms of data are from the same distribution. The returned p-value doesn't seem quite right sometimes though...</p> <p>For example with this histogram: </p> <p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/2j2ug.jpg"...
1
2016-07-15T20:13:07Z
38,405,469
<p><code>ks_2samp</code> applies the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to two samples and tests the null hypothesis that both come from the same distribution.</p> <p>Therefore <code>ks_2samp</code> also takes the two samples (here <code>list1</code> and <code>list2</code>) as input.</p> <pre><code>ks_2samp(list1, list2) </code...
3
2016-07-15T21:49:34Z
[ "python", "scipy", "statistics", "kolmogorov-smirnov" ]
Writing Output of Python Program to .txt File
38,404,505
<p>I've written a program that reads a CSV file and outputs the contents as insert statements. I then wrote an execute program that <em>should</em> take the output of the CSV parser program and write it to a .txt file but instead of writing the entire output it only writes the first statement. </p> <p>Here is the code...
-2
2016-07-15T20:22:01Z
38,404,565
<p>Not sure if this would work for you but you can use the >/>> operator to have stdout be re-routed to a file.</p> <p><strong>Edit: The difference between > and >> is that >> appends to the end of the file while > truncates the file</strong></p> <pre><code>$python program.py &gt;&gt; output.txt </code></pre> <p>To ...
0
2016-07-15T20:29:03Z
[ "python", "file", "python-3.x", "csv", "parsing" ]
Writing Output of Python Program to .txt File
38,404,505
<p>I've written a program that reads a CSV file and outputs the contents as insert statements. I then wrote an execute program that <em>should</em> take the output of the CSV parser program and write it to a .txt file but instead of writing the entire output it only writes the first statement. </p> <p>Here is the code...
-2
2016-07-15T20:22:01Z
38,404,748
<p>You are making things more complicated than they need to be. Just nest your open statements using <strong>with</strong>. One program. And it prints to the screen and writes to a file.</p> <pre><code>import csv, os path = 'C:/Users/user/Desktop/test/' for file in os.listdir(path): if file.endswith('.csv'): ...
0
2016-07-15T20:43:25Z
[ "python", "file", "python-3.x", "csv", "parsing" ]
Python : Most efficient way to get list of combinations?
38,404,580
<p>I have a dictionary : </p> <pre><code>diff_params = {0: [a, b], 1: [c, d]} </code></pre> <p>Each key is a setting_name, and each value is a specific setting. I would like to be able to make a list like:</p> <pre><code>[[a, c], [a, d], [b, c], [b, d]] </code></pre> <p>I can't figure out how t...
-2
2016-07-15T20:30:10Z
38,404,665
<p>It seems that you are more specifically looking for <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.product" rel="nofollow"><code>itertools.product()</code></a> which can be used like this with <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#unpacking-argument-lists" rel="nofollow">u...
3
2016-07-15T20:36:57Z
[ "python", "combinations", "permutation", "itertools" ]
Move popup window
38,404,585
<p>The popup Image window blocks the stop button and other buttons in windows application. How do I move the window in Squish? I tried to move the window using the following script. Squish is not recognizing the popup window. </p> <pre><code>win = waitForObject(":_Image0") mousePress(win.x, win.y - 10, MouseButton.Le...
0
2016-07-15T20:30:59Z
38,437,248
<p>You could try using the <a href="http://doc.froglogic.com/squish/6.0/rgs-windowsobjectapi.html#win-mouseDrag-function" rel="nofollow"><code>mouseDrag()</code></a> function, e.g.</p> <pre><code>mouseDrag(win, 100, 0) </code></pre> <p>In the upcoming Squish 6.1 release, there's also a <a href="http://doc.froglogic.c...
0
2016-07-18T12:54:09Z
[ "python", "squish" ]
Why is a part of my Python code interpreted diffently when I add a seemingly unrelated part?
38,404,605
<p>Some background: I'm implementing a GUI to interact with equipment via GPIB. The issue arises in this method:</p> <pre><code>from tkinter import * from tkinter import ttk import visa #PyVisa Package. pyvisa.readthedocs.io from time import sleep import numpy as np #NumPy Package. Scipy.org def oneDSweep(): Voltage ...
0
2016-07-15T20:32:36Z
38,404,695
<p>Python is telling you exactly what is wrong with your code -- a <code>ValueError</code>. It even gives you the exact line number and the value that is causing the problem.</p> <pre><code>'#3006 00.003' </code></pre> <p>That is the value of <code>SNOW</code> that is being printed out. Then you do this</p> <pre><...
2
2016-07-15T20:39:36Z
[ "python", "interpreter", "visa", "gpib" ]
Why is a part of my Python code interpreted diffently when I add a seemingly unrelated part?
38,404,605
<p>Some background: I'm implementing a GUI to interact with equipment via GPIB. The issue arises in this method:</p> <pre><code>from tkinter import * from tkinter import ttk import visa #PyVisa Package. pyvisa.readthedocs.io from time import sleep import numpy as np #NumPy Package. Scipy.org def oneDSweep(): Voltage ...
0
2016-07-15T20:32:36Z
38,405,028
<blockquote> <p>I am convinced that Python's interpreter is at fault here. Earlier, I was cleaning up my code and discovered that one particular set of quotes, when changed from ' to ", produced this same error, despite no other quote pair exhibiting this behavior, even within the same line.</p> </blockquote> <p>Pyt...
2
2016-07-15T21:07:08Z
[ "python", "interpreter", "visa", "gpib" ]
how to import module only once in python behave step files
38,404,617
<p>I am very new to Python and Behave. In my step file, <code>test_steps.py</code>, I have imported the following: </p> <pre><code>from behave import given, when, then, step from behave_http.steps import * from datetime import datetime import time import pdb import xmltodict import requests </code></pre> <p>If I crea...
0
2016-07-15T20:33:19Z
38,405,434
<p>It's generally useful to know all the imports for a given file; however, you can do something like the following:</p> <p>config.py</p> <pre><code>from behave import given, when, then, step from behave_http.steps import * from datetime import datetime import time import pdb import xmltodict import requests </code><...
0
2016-07-15T21:46:41Z
[ "python", "import", "python-behave" ]
Reading YAML config file in python and using variables
38,404,633
<p>Say I have a yaml config file such as:</p> <pre><code>test1: minVolt: -1 maxVolt: 1 test2: curr: 5 volt: 5 </code></pre> <p>I can read the file into python using:</p> <pre><code>import yaml with open("config.yaml", "r") as f: config = yaml.load(f) </code></pre> <p>Then I can access the varia...
-1
2016-07-15T20:34:45Z
38,409,774
<p>You can do this:</p> <pre><code>class Test1Class: def __init__(self, raw): self.minVolt = raw['minVolt'] self.maxVolt = raw['maxVolt'] class Test2Class: def __init__(self, raw): self.curr = raw['curr'] self.volt = raw['volt'] class Config: def __init__(self, raw): ...
0
2016-07-16T09:40:03Z
[ "python", "yaml", "config" ]
Wrong posts sequence at home page [Django app]
38,404,646
<p>At my home-page I've got exhibited all posts on my blog, but they're sorted incorrectly, from the oldest post to newest(it has to be reversed). I use querysets to sort posts order by published date in my views.py</p> <pre><code>def home(request): posts = Post.objects.filter(published_date__lte=timezone.now()).or...
0
2016-07-15T20:35:43Z
38,404,729
<p>You want to add a <code>-</code> to the string argument in <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/models/querysets/#django.db.models.query.QuerySet.order_by" rel="nofollow">order_by</a> this will cause your queryset to be in descending order.</p> <pre><code>def home(request): posts = Post.objects.fil...
0
2016-07-15T20:42:22Z
[ "python", "django", "django-queryset" ]
How to convert Panda's columns into an index and a header when index column has duplicates
38,404,669
<p>I’d like to convert a dataframe, df, similar to this one:</p> <pre><code>PIDM | COURSE | GRADE 1 | MAT1 | B 1 | PHY2 | C 2 | MAT1 | A 2 | MAT2 | B 2 | PHE2 | A </code></...
0
2016-07-15T20:37:23Z
38,404,709
<p>You can use <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.pivot_table.html" rel="nofollow"><code>pivot_table</code></a> with aggregate function <code>join</code>:</p> <pre><code>df2 = df.pivot_table(index='PIDM', columns='COURSE', values = 'GRADE', aggfunc=', '.join) print (df2) COURSE MAT1 ...
1
2016-07-15T20:40:28Z
[ "python", "pandas", "pivot" ]
Obtaining widget values in tkinter
38,404,686
<p>How do I refer to the widget values in the following code.Here I have added widgets by calling methods in the app class for different frames.Next,I want to access the values in all the Widgets(which the user enters) of all the frames at the same time.But I am not able to figure out how should I refer to them and acc...
0
2016-07-15T20:38:39Z
38,409,232
<p>The widgets in which the user can write have a <code>get</code> method that returns their content. But in order to do this, you need to store your widget in a class variable for example.</p> <p><strong>Edit</strong>: I had misunderstood the problem and I hadn't realized that the <code>add_widget</code> function wou...
1
2016-07-16T08:16:18Z
[ "python", "tkinter" ]
How to call functions in python files that are not in the working directory?
38,404,707
<p>Say now my working folder is <code>.</code> and my supporting python files are in <code>./supporting_files/</code>, I want to call a function <code>func</code> in the <code>a.py</code> file under <code>./supporting_files/</code>, what should I do? I tried calling <code>from supporting_files.a import func</code> and ...
2
2016-07-15T20:40:26Z
38,404,790
<p>Add an <code>__init__.py</code> file (it can be empty) to the <code>supporting_files</code> directory, and python will treat it as a package available for imports. More details are available in the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html#packages" rel="nofollow">Python documentation</a>.</p>
1
2016-07-15T20:47:37Z
[ "python" ]
How to call functions in python files that are not in the working directory?
38,404,707
<p>Say now my working folder is <code>.</code> and my supporting python files are in <code>./supporting_files/</code>, I want to call a function <code>func</code> in the <code>a.py</code> file under <code>./supporting_files/</code>, what should I do? I tried calling <code>from supporting_files.a import func</code> and ...
2
2016-07-15T20:40:26Z
38,404,858
<p>There are two ways you can do that I'm aware of.</p> <h1>Wrong way</h1> <pre><code>import sys sys.path.append('./supporting_files') from a import func func() </code></pre> <h1>Right way</h1> <pre><code>$ touch supporting_files/__init__.py </code></pre> <p>Then</p> <pre><code>import supporting_files.a as a ...
3
2016-07-15T20:54:09Z
[ "python" ]
multiprocessing module and distinct psycopg2 connections
38,404,773
<p>I am very puzzled as to the behavior of some multiprocessing code that is using <em>psycopg2</em> to make queries in parallel to a postgres db.</p> <p>Essentially, I am making the same query (with different params) to various partitions of a larger table. I am using multiprocessing.Pool to fork off a separate query...
0
2016-07-15T20:46:06Z
38,407,361
<p>I think I've figured this out. The answer lies in the fact that multiprocessing in Python is shared-nothing so the entire memory space is copied, functions and all. Hence for each process, even though the pid is different, the memory spaces are copies of each other and the address of the connection within the memory...
1
2016-07-16T03:17:05Z
[ "python", "postgresql", "psycopg2" ]
Numpy using smaller 2D array to map with bigger array with more elements
38,404,793
<p>I have a smaller array as:</p> <pre><code>A = np.array([2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017]) Aval = np.array([14, 10, 35, 40, 45]) </code></pre> <p>I have another array:</p> <pre><code>A2 = np.array([2013, 2014, 2015, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2017]) </code></pre> <p>I want to create A2val such that:</p> <pre><co...
1
2016-07-15T20:48:19Z
38,404,864
<p>You can construct a dictionary from <code>A</code> and <code>Aval</code> and then loop through <code>A2</code> and find out the corresponding values:</p> <pre><code>dic = dict(zip(A, Aval)) [dic.get(a) for a in A2 if dic.get(a) != None] # [10, 35, 10, 35, 40, 40, 40, 45] </code></pre>
1
2016-07-15T20:54:56Z
[ "python", "numpy" ]
Numpy using smaller 2D array to map with bigger array with more elements
38,404,793
<p>I have a smaller array as:</p> <pre><code>A = np.array([2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017]) Aval = np.array([14, 10, 35, 40, 45]) </code></pre> <p>I have another array:</p> <pre><code>A2 = np.array([2013, 2014, 2015, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2016, 2016, 2017]) </code></pre> <p>I want to create A2val such that:</p> <pre><co...
1
2016-07-15T20:48:19Z
38,404,995
<p>Here is one way:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; Aval[np.searchsorted(A, A2[np.nonzero(np.in1d(A2, A))[0]])] array([10, 35, 10, 35, 40, 40, 40, 45]) </code></pre> <p>Note that for getting the expected indices in default order the second array that you pass to <code>searchsorted()</code> should be contain the common it...
4
2016-07-15T21:04:34Z
[ "python", "numpy" ]
cx_Freeze doesn't print to console
38,404,800
<p>I have an application that prints a few things to the console upon running. But as a standalone the executable doesn't print anything to the console?</p> <p>The setup.py script looks like this:</p> <pre><code>import sys from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable setup( name = "My App", version = "1.0", o...
0
2016-07-15T20:48:44Z
38,412,650
<p>If you use the "Win32GUI" base, then Windows does not make available stdout and stderr. You will need to redirect those yourself to some other location (such as a file). If you use the "Console" base then stdout and stderr are available and print() will work as expected -- but you will see a console created for you ...
1
2016-07-16T15:33:11Z
[ "python", "python-3.x", "cx-freeze" ]
Safest way to remove argument order and provide default values at the same time in Python
38,404,819
<p>I am trying to write Python 2.7 cod that is easier to scale by removing argument order while providing default values in the case that requirements change. Here is my code:</p> <pre><code># Class: class Mailer(object): def __init__(self, **args): self.subject=args.get('subject', None) self.maili...
0
2016-07-15T20:50:34Z
38,404,927
<p>Try this way of initialize your class:</p> <pre><code>class Mailer(object): def __init__(self, **args): for k in args: self.__dict__[k] = args[k] </code></pre>
0
2016-07-15T20:59:26Z
[ "python", "python-2.7", "parameter-passing", "default-value", "kwargs" ]
Safest way to remove argument order and provide default values at the same time in Python
38,404,819
<p>I am trying to write Python 2.7 cod that is easier to scale by removing argument order while providing default values in the case that requirements change. Here is my code:</p> <pre><code># Class: class Mailer(object): def __init__(self, **args): self.subject=args.get('subject', None) self.maili...
0
2016-07-15T20:50:34Z
38,404,967
<p>The problem with the way you're doing it is that there is no documentation about what arguments the class accepts, so <code>help(Mailer)</code> is useless. What you should do is provide default argument values in the <code>__init__()</code> method where possible. </p> <p>To set the arguments as attributes on the in...
0
2016-07-15T21:02:06Z
[ "python", "python-2.7", "parameter-passing", "default-value", "kwargs" ]
Python: ' ' is not defined
38,404,825
<p>Here is my code:</p> <pre><code># This program makes the robot calculate the average amount of light in a simulated room from myro import * init("simulator") from random import* def pressC(): """ Wait for "c" to be entered from the keyboard in the Python shell """ entry = " " while(entry != "c"): ...
0
2016-07-15T20:51:32Z
38,405,406
<p>If you want to return multiple items from <code>scan()</code>, don't use three separate <code>return</code> statements. Instead, do this:</p> <pre><code>return leftLightSeries, centerLightSeries, rightLightSeries </code></pre> <p>Also, when you call the function, you have to assign variable(s) to the returned val...
0
2016-07-15T21:43:14Z
[ "python", "nameerror" ]
Avoid writing carriage return when writing line feed with Python
38,404,827
<p>If taken into consideration that <code>carriage return = \r</code> and <code>line feed = \n</code></p> <pre><code>Python 3.5.1 (v3.5.1:37a07cee5969, Dec 6 2015, 01:38:48) [MSC v.1900 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. &gt;&gt;&gt; '{:02x}'.format(ord('\n...
0
2016-07-15T20:51:47Z
38,420,824
<p>You can do this by passing <code>''</code> to the <code>newline</code> parameter when opening the text file.</p> <pre><code>f = open('test.txt', 'w', newline='') f.write('Only LF\n') f.write('CR + LF\r\n') f.write('Only CR\r') f.write('Nothing') f.close() </code></pre> <p>As described in the <a href="https://docs....
2
2016-07-17T11:44:00Z
[ "python", "carriage-return", "linefeed" ]
Slider with max value greater than 2147483647 in wxPython Phoenix?
38,404,850
<p>Basically, the <code>wx.Slider</code> widget from wxPython Phoenix cannot go further than <code>2147483647</code>. </p> <p>Indeed, </p> <pre><code>slider = wx.Slider( parent = parent,\ value = 10,\ minValue = 0,\ maxValue = 2147483647 ) print slide...
0
2016-07-15T20:53:24Z
38,404,999
<p>I assume it's a 32 bit machine? <br> 2147483647 (or 2^31-1 (since we're counting from 0)) is the biggest integer a 32 bit machine can handle</p>
0
2016-07-15T21:04:48Z
[ "python", "slider", "wxpython", "limit", "value" ]
Slider with max value greater than 2147483647 in wxPython Phoenix?
38,404,850
<p>Basically, the <code>wx.Slider</code> widget from wxPython Phoenix cannot go further than <code>2147483647</code>. </p> <p>Indeed, </p> <pre><code>slider = wx.Slider( parent = parent,\ value = 10,\ minValue = 0,\ maxValue = 2147483647 ) print slide...
0
2016-07-15T20:53:24Z
38,409,032
<p>Have you considered just dividing your values by an appropriate divisor.</p> <p>Edit:<br> There are times when you simply have to be pragmatic. You cannot possibly display or use a slider with a length of 2 billion. Whether it is automatically generated or not, it is simpler to make the slider utilise values betwee...
1
2016-07-16T07:48:21Z
[ "python", "slider", "wxpython", "limit", "value" ]
Implement classes Square and Triangle as subclasses of class Polygon
38,404,881
<p>It will overload the constructor method init so it only takes one argument(side length) and will override method area that computes the area. I came up with this program, but it keeps saying "undefined name Polygon".</p> <pre><code>class Square(Polygon): 'square class' def __init__(self, s): 'const...
-1
2016-07-15T20:55:53Z
38,405,105
<p>If you want to inherit from <code>Polygon</code>, you have to define it before you define the other classes that inherit from it.</p> <pre><code>class Polygon: def __init__(self): pass def area(self): raise NotImplemented class Square(Polygon): 'square class' def __init__(self, s):...
0
2016-07-15T21:13:32Z
[ "python" ]
Google's Python Course wordcount.py
38,404,890
<p>I am taking Google's Python Course, which uses Python 2.7. I am running 3.5.2. </p> <p>The script functions. This was one of my exercises. </p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python -tt # Copyright 2010 Google Inc. # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # Google's Pyt...
-1
2016-07-15T20:56:24Z
38,405,538
<ol> <li><p>If <code>word</code> is not already in the dictionary, we create a new entry in the dictionary for it, and set the value to the number <code>1</code>, since we've so far just found 1 occurrence of the word. Otherwise, we retrieve the old value from the dictionary, use <code>+ 1</code> to add 1 to that value...
0
2016-07-15T21:55:47Z
[ "python" ]
All list items change to appended item, in Python
38,404,939
<p>I am using Python 2.7, using only standard modules.</p> <p>I have a huge data file that contains a bunch of information about car events. I am trying to copy the data about an individual car event type (e.g. Acceleration) and write it to separate file. My current approach stores the data in a table --I used lists w...
0
2016-07-15T21:00:03Z
38,431,544
<p>List objects are passed by reference in Python. The reason the previously appended elements are mutating to the current row is because they all point to the same list, single_event.</p> <p>A simple </p> <pre><code>single_event = list(range(3)) </code></pre> <p>after each append operation should solve your issue.<...
1
2016-07-18T08:06:37Z
[ "python", "list", "file", "object", "datatable" ]
Selecting only rows where one date is less than another with Pandas Dataframe
38,405,015
<p>I have a pandas dataframe with this data:</p> <pre><code>Id Converteddate Createddate 0015000000toohpAAA 2015-07-24 00:00:00 2014-07-08 19:36:13 0015000000tqEpKAAU 2015-03-17 00:00:00 2014-07-16 00:28:06 00138000015me01AAA 2015-10-22 00:00:00 2015-10-22 22:04:55 00138000015me56AAA 2015-10...
1
2016-07-15T21:06:03Z
38,405,148
<p>You can use for converting to <code>datetime</code> function <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.to_datetime.html" rel="nofollow"><code>to_datetime</code></a> and then use <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.to_timedelta.html" rel="nofollow"><code>t...
1
2016-07-15T21:16:42Z
[ "python", "python-2.7", "datetime", "pandas", "dataframe" ]
How to convert a scipy row matrix into a numpy array
38,405,047
<p>Consider the following example:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import scipy.sparse A = scipy.sparse.csr_matrix((2,2)) b = A.sum(axis=0) </code></pre> <p>The matrix <code>b</code> now has the form</p> <pre><code>matrix([[ 0., 0.]]) </code></pre> <p>However, I'd like it to become an array like this:</p> <pre...
1
2016-07-15T21:08:03Z
38,405,450
<p>There are different options here. For example, you could start by converting matrix <code>b</code> to a 2D array. Then you'll need to transform it into a 1D array. This can be easily accomplished through NumPy's <a href="http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.squeeze.html" rel="nofollow"><code>squ...
1
2016-07-15T21:48:03Z
[ "python", "numpy", "scipy" ]
How to convert a scipy row matrix into a numpy array
38,405,047
<p>Consider the following example:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import scipy.sparse A = scipy.sparse.csr_matrix((2,2)) b = A.sum(axis=0) </code></pre> <p>The matrix <code>b</code> now has the form</p> <pre><code>matrix([[ 0., 0.]]) </code></pre> <p>However, I'd like it to become an array like this:</p> <pre...
1
2016-07-15T21:08:03Z
38,405,999
<p><code>b.A1</code> will do the job.</p> <pre><code>In [83]: A Out[83]: &lt;2x2 sparse matrix of type '&lt;class 'numpy.float64'&gt;' with 0 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format&gt; In [84]: A.A Out[84]: array([[ 0., 0.], [ 0., 0.]]) In [85]: b=A.sum(axis=0) In [86]: b Out[86]: matrix([[ ...
2
2016-07-15T22:47:18Z
[ "python", "numpy", "scipy" ]
Python finding Prime Numbers between any two numbers
38,405,065
<p>I'm trying to find prime numbers between any two random numbers.</p> <p>Firstly, I have written the code like:</p> <pre><code>m,n = map(int, raw_input().split()) for i in range(m, n+1): for j in range(2, i): if i%j == 0: break else: print i, </code></pre> <p>Now for test case s...
1
2016-07-15T21:09:15Z
38,405,172
<p>Your inner loop used to loop up until <code>i-1</code> or <code>i/2</code>. This inner loop was short when <code>i</code> was small, and longer when <code>i</code> got larger.</p> <p>Now, your inner loop goes up to <code>sqrt_num</code>, which is a constant computed from <code>n</code>. Difference in behavior.</p...
2
2016-07-15T21:18:53Z
[ "python", "primes", "sieve-of-eratosthenes" ]
Python finding Prime Numbers between any two numbers
38,405,065
<p>I'm trying to find prime numbers between any two random numbers.</p> <p>Firstly, I have written the code like:</p> <pre><code>m,n = map(int, raw_input().split()) for i in range(m, n+1): for j in range(2, i): if i%j == 0: break else: print i, </code></pre> <p>Now for test case s...
1
2016-07-15T21:09:15Z
38,405,582
<p>Also, I hope the position of your else is intentional, because that matters in Python: different results when directly under the if</p>
-3
2016-07-15T22:02:06Z
[ "python", "primes", "sieve-of-eratosthenes" ]
How are python module paths translated to filesystem paths?
38,405,109
<p>This may seem like a simple question, but I haven't found an answer that explains the behavior I'm seeing. Hard to provide a simple repro case but I basically have a package structure like this:</p> <p><code>a.b.c</code> <code>a.b.utils</code></p> <p>I have one project that has files in <code>a.b.c.</code> (let's ...
0
2016-07-15T21:13:57Z
38,405,572
<p>Ok, the problem was simply that the cwd is prepended to the PYTHONPATH. <code>sys.path.pop(1)</code> (0 is the tests dir, prepended by pytest) resolved the behavior.</p>
0
2016-07-15T22:00:59Z
[ "python", "py.test", "python-module" ]