question stringlengths 37 38.8k | group_id stringlengths 2 6 | sentence_embeddings listlengths 768 768 |
|---|---|---|
<p>We know from measure theory that there are events
that cannot be measured, ie they are not Lebesgue
measureable. What do we call an event with a probability
that the probability measure is not defined on? What
types of statements would we make about such an event?</p> | g59045 | [
0.028783105313777924,
0.041624393314123154,
0.01079128123819828,
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0.031148022040724754,
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... |
<p>How is a precision-recall curve calculated from an error matrix and vector of labels? The error matrix is of size NxN, and contains distances between the features associated with the respective row and column (the diagonal is consequently 0). The labels are in a 1xN vector, describing the class corresponding to the ... | g59046 | [
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-0.... |
<p>Let $X_{1},..,X_{n}$ be a random sample from a normal distribution with mean ${\theta}$ and variance 1. Let $H_{0}:{\theta}=0$ and $H_{1}:{\theta}{\neq}0$. </p>
<p>Using likelihood ratios, show the critical region is of the form $exp(\frac{-n{\bar{x}}^2}{2}){\geq}k$ for some non-negative $k$. </p>
<p>My work: taki... | g14437 | [
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... |
<p>According to the $K$-means algorithm,</p>
<ol>
<li>Randomly assign a group or cluster to each point. # initial step</li>
<li>Compute the centroids of all the $K$ groups.</li>
<li>Reassign each point to the closest groups by measuring the distance to the centroid.</li>
<li>Iterate over 2~3 until convergence.</li>
<... | g49544 | [
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0.02902... |
<p>If got data (value) of two types (cond true or false):</p>
<pre><code> > str(test.df)
'data.frame': 3208 obs. of 2 variables:
$ cond : Factor w/ 2 levels "FALSE","TRUE": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
$ value: num 31 25 21 29 18 41 15 7 33 6 ...
</code></pre>
<p>The mean and the variance (and also the n... | g14439 | [
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<p>During an article revision the authors found, in average, 1.6 errors by page. Assuming the errors happen randomly following a Poisson process, what is the probability of finding 5 errors in 3 consecutive pages?</p>
<p>Please explain your methodology, as the main purpose of the question is not getting the answer but... | g3202 | [
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<p>I would like to apply a Stouffer (or Fisher) integration on a list of p-values or z-scores. However, some of them contain missing values. E.g. (R snippet):</p>
<pre><code>a<-c(0.05,NA,0.04)
b<-c(0.03,0.13,0.01)
</code></pre>
<p>What is in your opinion the best approach, in order to make the integrations of a... | g59047 | [
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<p>I am using <code>lmerTest</code> to run linear mixed models (LMM) to get the p-values. However, in the articles I have written, they will show both <code>lme4</code> and <code>lmerTest</code>. Then I am not sure if I also have cite <code>lme4</code> when I use only <code>lmerTest</code> to run LMM models. </p>
<p>D... | g14441 | [
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<p>if you have a time series and you want to do some predictions, what <strong>time feature</strong> should you use ? </p>
<p>lets say we are trying to predict <em>how many people visit a certain website</em>, we have data for the visits for the last 2 years, what should we include as a time feature ?
and if we use mo... | g59048 | [
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<p>I'm coding a meta analysis and have come across a paper that seems to have significant variation in the number of participants who answered specific demographic questions. The total sample size is $N = 81$, but the number of participants used to calculate and report age ($n = 72$), years of career experience ($n = 7... | g9255 | [
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0.0... |
<p>I am doing some data analysis involving fitting datasets to a GEV distribution, but I'm getting some weird results. I'm using scipy, which uses MLE for fitting the parameters. My data is </p>
<pre><code>[1.47, 0.02, 0.3, 0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.02, 0.12, 0.38, 0.02, 0.15, 0.01, 0.3, 0.24, 0.01, 0.05, 0.01, 0.0, 0.06,... | g59049 | [
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0.011... |
<p>I'm trying to analyse data from a factorial experiment with missing cells. I've read this reference <a href="http://users.monash.edu.au/~murray/BDAR/" rel="nofollow">http://users.monash.edu.au/~murray/BDAR/</a> which recomends to treat the experiment with an one-way anova, and make contrasts to evaluate the main eff... | g14445 | [
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0.... |
<p>I'm struggling to find a goodness of fit test of the above. The non-parametric tests I have looked at (KS) seem to be unable to deal with estimated parameters - can someone help?</p> | g59050 | [
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<p>I had dataset of the type $y;x_1, x_2, x_3, ... $ and I used some of my variables to perform a cluster analysis. Let's say one of those variables that I used was $x_i$</p>
<p>Then. After I had my clusters. I decided to run a simple linear regression of the type $y \hat{} x_1 + x_2 + ...$ ${\text{within each of the ... | g59051 | [
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<p>I have a series of measurements from a construction production study I've been carrying out. I essentially measured the output rate of workers in terms of output/hr. The measurements varied each day and I obtained a series of daily averages. So x variable would be date and y-variable would be the output rate. </p>
... | g14447 | [
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0.04872051626443863,
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0.006802242249250412,
-... |
<p>I have a regression predicting wage (dependent variable) from whether the participant is a college graduate (dummy variable, independent). </p>
<p>I have the regression coefficients and their standard errors, the R-squared of the regression, and the covariance between the intercept and the coefficient on the dummy ... | g59052 | [
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<p>I have a stream of real continuous numbers (Figure. 1). The stream flows from <strong>left</strong> to <strong>right</strong>. At $t_1$ the first number entered the stream. Every time a new number enters the stream I check if there is a sudden change or high variation.</p>
<p>How can I compute the <code>sudden chan... | g59053 | [
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0.05640001595020294,
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0.03424... |
<p>I have seen many prediction of time series using ARIMA model in R forecast package, and the result always have some initial wiggle before reaching the stable level. What causes the initial wiggle?</p>
<p>I can't attach a image because I need at least 10 reputation to post images. Basically the predicted value for t... | g59054 | [
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<p>I want to browse a .rda file (R dataset). I know about the <code>View(datasetname)</code> command. The default R.app that comes for Mac does not have a very good browser for data (it opens a window in X11). I like the RStudio data browser that opens with the <code>View</code> command. However, it shows only 1000 row... | g43559 | [
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<p>I have a question about the acceptance ratio used when implementing a random walk M-H in a gibbs sampler to generate sample paths of an unobservable process. When computing the likelihood of a set of parameters, does the likelihood also include the likelihood of each jump in the latent process given $ \theta $ ?</p>... | g14453 | [
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<p>The classical F-test for subsets of variables in multilinear regression has the form
$$
F = \frac{(\mbox{SSE}(R) - \mbox{SSE}(B))/(df_R - df_B)}{\mbox{SSE}(B)/df_B},
$$
where $\mbox{SSE}(R)$ is the sum of squared errors under the 'reduced' model, which nests inside the 'big' model $B$, and $df$ are the degrees of ... | g14454 | [
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<p>Has anyone heard of 1-step Chow test? I've searched the keyword "1-step chow test" in Google but can not find any hits. What's the formula of this test? </p> | g59055 | [
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<p>I am wondering the orthogonal projectors such as Hadamard transform change the statistics of i.i.d. generated data.</p>
<p>Consider, i.i.d. generated data $\mathbf{X}$ of length $N$,
$$\mathbf{X}_P=\mathbf{P}\mathbf{X}$$
where $\mathbf{P}$ is an orthogonal projector of size $N \times N$ and $\mathbf{X}_P$ is the pr... | g43562 | [
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<p>/edit: To clarify: The mtable function from the <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/memisc/index.html" rel="nofollow">memisc</a> package does exactly what I need, but unfortunately does not work with arima models.</p>
<p>Similar to <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/6856/aggregating-resul... | g45790 | [
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<p>I want to explain to a non-novice doctor the best way to validate consistency of a measure across a likert-scale. The variable describes an average dose across 5 levels of patients (lower to higher). Whats the easiest way to validate that the dose statistically increases from level 1 to level 2 to level3 ..to level ... | g59056 | [
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<p>I am trying to come up with a proper way to normalize my data. Using a microscope I want to count the percentage of green cells in a population. However, only ~0.1% of all cells are green. I decided I want to count 30 green cells, this would mean that I need to count roughly 30,000 cells to find 30 green ones. Howev... | g59057 | [
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0.0202205628156662,
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<p>I have a list of weighted 2D points taken from symmetry analysis of a human back surface. I am supposed to find the "midline" representing the most likely path describing vertebrae location (actually, spinal process of the vertebrae).</p>
<p>EDIT: A representative dataset is as follows:</p>
<pre><code>[[ -0.789817... | g59058 | [
0.04307486489415169,
-0.03115285001695156,
0.037651173770427704,
-0.05771196261048317,
0.02519097365438938,
-0.040472984313964844,
0.1116948127746582,
-0.009024570696055889,
-0.05064726248383522,
-0.042696043848991394,
0.004044932778924704,
0.05486186221241951,
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-0.013... |
<p>I know it has to do with consistency in the coefficients of the explanetory variable but I just don't understand what it is or how we use it. My professor doesn't explain it well, and I cant seem to find a good source that can explain it well. Can someone help?</p> | g14459 | [
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0.05240916833281517,
... |
<p>So I have data consisting of a binomial variable observed in multiple time periods and I want to use a statistical test to determine the existence of a change over time. So here's how it looks:</p>
<pre><code>period number of observations number of successes number of fails
1 10 ... | g59059 | [
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<p>I am exploring the relationship between the quality of connection two people share and the tendency for their laughter to synchronize. In order to do this, I need some way to quantify the degree of synchrony. The measure that has seemed most promising to me so far is "r" (order) from Kuramoto's model. My understandi... | g59060 | [
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... |
<p>I am trying to get spectrogram from audio file, using <a href="http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/hp/staff/dmb/voicebox/voicebox.html" rel="nofollow">voicebox</a> tool. My input audio file is <strong>audiofile.wav</strong>. After spectrogram, I want to apply PCA to my spectrogram matrix, <strong>b</strong> (to reduce dimensiona... | g59061 | [
0.0037660168018192053,
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0.02389952726662159,
-0.08667438477277756,
-0.006859313230961561,
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0.06292015314102173,
0.09280186891555786,
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-0.06636378169059753,
0.016139881685376167,
0.03674933686852455,
0.01706632599234581,
0.031... |
<p>Suppose there are two vector signals $x$, $z$. The observer 1 receives a linear version of $x$ plus Gaussian noise. Observer 2 receives a linear sum of both $x$ and $z$ plus Gaussian noise as shown below;
$$y_1(t)=A_1(t)x(t)+n_1(t),$$
$$y_2(t)=A_2(t)x(t)+B_2(t)z(t)+n_2(t).$$
But observer 2 is only interested in esti... | g59062 | [
0.024057084694504738,
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0.05331891030073166,
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0.03997295722365379,
0.033250562846660614,
... |
<p>Consider a beta distribution for a given set of ratings in [0,1]. After having calculated the mean: </p>
<p>$$
\mu = \frac{\alpha}{\alpha+\beta}
$$</p>
<p>Is there a way to provide a confidence interval around this mean?</p> | g59063 | [
0.0009313371847383678,
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<p>I'm reading a <a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6121313&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6121313" rel="nofollow">paper</a> about DBSCAN implementation on Map-Reduce. In preprocessing step, it wants to divide dataset and it says:</p>
<blockqu... | g59064 | [
-0.03722972422838211,
0.04976602643728256,
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0.03265722841024399,
0.05525611713528633,
-0.008... |
<p>If I generate normally distributed data and then use this data to estimate the parameters of a normal distribution using, say, maximum likelihood I would expect the estimated standard deviation to be close to the true standard deviation given enough data. If I instead use this normally distributed data to estimate t... | g59065 | [
0.03568979352712631,
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0.039058566093444824,
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<p>I have to do canonical correlation analysis between two multivariate datasets X and Y. One dataset contain numerical data and the other binary data.I would like to know what features are highly correlated with the features in second data set. Would the normal CCA available in Matlab be sufficient if one data set has... | g59066 | [
0.05408100783824921,
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0.03668959438800812,
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0.016386251896619797,
0.05144713446497917,
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0.02... |
<p>In R, there is the function MCMCglmm (in the package "MCMCglmm"). It allows one to perform a Markov chain Monte Carlo Sampler for Multivariate Generalised Linear Mixed Models.</p>
<p>My question is: <strong>How does <code>MCMCglmm</code> work (explained to dummies)?</strong></p>
<p>There is no need to go into the ... | g14470 | [
0.02493865042924881,
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0.06749870628118515,
... |
<p>What does "chi" mean and come from in "chi-squared distribution"? Does "chi" mean a random variable with a standard normal distribution? Thanks!</p> | g14471 | [
0.037045110017061234,
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0.012104145251214504,
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<p>I have an estimator $\mu^*$ of a the mean $\mu$ of a certain distribution that I obtained using a variational technique (basically just establishing a bound on $\mu$ and finding a trial function that minimizes that bound). My estimator $\mu^*$ has therefore the property that:</p>
<p>$\mu \leq \mu^*$ </p>
<p>I want... | g59067 | [
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... |
<p>I have a vector of percentile ranks. I want to convert them into z-scores, so it will be interval scale. I have to do it in R, but I could not find a function or package that can do this. Does anyone have any idea?</p> | g59068 | [
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<p>I am currently using a Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to generate well-spaced uniform random numbers for Monte Carlo procedures. Although the variance reduction that I obtain from LHS is excellent for 1 dimension, it does not seem to be effective in 2 or more dimensions. Seeing how LHS is a well-known variance reduc... | g59069 | [
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<p>Consider two binary observations, $x_1$ and $x_2$, which are independent given $\theta$. Now suppose there is uncertainty with respect to $\theta$. Find the correlation between two binary observations when the parameter is one of two possible values with priors $p(\theta_1)$ and $p(\theta_2)$.</p> | g14474 | [
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0.05001217499375343,
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<p>What would be the best way to go about visualizing an interaction effect of a Logistic Regression Analysis (preferably using SPSS)?</p>
<p>There is a significant interaction between one interval (HDI) and one binary (before/after Fukushima) variable as well as between that same interval variable (HDI) and another i... | g14475 | [
0.009707046672701836,
0.05430902540683746,
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<p>I have an experiment with two factors. The first factor, picture, has three levels: nice, ugly, absent (i.e., the picture is not presented). The second factor, information, has two levels: present, absent. The dependent variable is a continuous variable: liking. </p>
<p>Now, I did not run the picture=absent + info... | g14477 | [
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<p>I have an imbalanced dataset (90% class 0 10% class 1), should I first split it in training and test set, then balance my training set (my test set would still be imbalanced), or could I randomly downsample the majority class in my dataset then split in training and test set (my test set will not contain any observa... | g14478 | [
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<p>I am researching cluster analysis, and I am interested in variables that are both categorical and continuous, for which I have read that a Gower's similarity coefficient is a good proximity measure. I have read that Gower's similarity coefficient is generally not compatible with Ward's method, so I was planning to i... | g14479 | [
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0.03152642399072647,
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0.04135056957602501,
0.03721838817000389,
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0.03617377206683159,
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<p>I want to perform significance test for correlation coefficient. However my data is not normally distributed. In my books I have found tests only for the normally distributed data. Is there such test I could apply to data having any distribution?</p> | g59070 | [
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<p>Does anyone know of any good example code illustrations for the <a href="http://www-stat.stanford.edu/~jhf/R-RuleFit.html" rel="nofollow">rulefit</a> Rule Based Learning Ensembles package? The documentation is incredibly lacking. I was guided to the package by <a href="http://www-stat.stanford.edu/~jhf/ftp/RuleFit.p... | g43590 | [
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0.05... |
<p>I have two datasets of time-series data, each with arbitrary, non-linear sampling intervals. I'm planning to analyze them using either Pearson or Spearman correlation (determined by the detection of outliers using the 3-sigma rule) but I believe that the correlation between times at which each sample was taken may b... | g59071 | [
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... |
<p>I am looking for a pattern recognition toolbox in MATLAB capable of doing well and have enough number of possible routines. What can be good candidate?</p> | g59072 | [
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<p>I've built a naive bayesian classifier which classifies a binary category (either in or out).</p>
<p>I have a number of variables which the classifier gets trained on v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, etc. How do I identify which variables contribute more or less to the overall classification? </p>
<p>EDIT: I'm still working on... | g59073 | [
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0.054000094532966614,
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... |
<p>This is a very simple question but it has been years since I have done statistics. I am also new to this website (was recommended by a friend) so apologies if this question has been done 'wrongly'.</p>
<p>I am comparing several criteria between two different treatment methods of a certain disease. I have the follow... | g59074 | [
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<p>If the accuracy of $classifier1$ is statistically significantly better than $classifier2$ as per some hypothesis test, and likewise the accuracy of $classifier2$ is statistically significantly better than $classifier3$, does it follow that $classifier1$ is statistically significantly better than $classifier3$. Thi... | g14482 | [
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<p>I have a variable which is a linear combination of two other variables, each one following an N(0,1) distribution.</p>
<p>I need to compute the threshold of the distribution of this combination variable (to compute the Z for a specific probability).</p>
<p>Does anyone know which function should I use, i.e. which p... | g14483 | [
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<p>I'm afraid this is an extremely simple question, but I didn't understand completely why if both $O_1$ and $O_2$ can be marginalised over $R$ the following holds:</p>
<p>$ P(O_2 = o_i | O_1 = o_j) = \sum_r P(O_2 = o_i | R = r) P(R = r | O_1 = o_j)$</p>
<p>Thanks</p> | g59075 | [
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<p>I am trying to provide help to an NGO in the non-profit sector that is running a disease screening program:</p>
<p>The program visits thousands of villages a year. A village has a population (on average around 800), with an unknown number of infected individuals. Each village is visited by the NGO for mass screeni... | g59076 | [
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<p>I have conducted a binary logistic regression (with 7 predictor variables) in R using "year" as a random effect, i.e. a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). For a few of the predictor variables, I would now like to find the inflection point, i.e. the value of the predictor variable for which the probability of the... | g59077 | [
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0.... |
<p>I have the following data set:</p>
<pre><code> | Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 |
|Trial 1|Trial 2| Trial 3|Trial 1|Trial 2| Trial 3|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
S1 | ...
Condition 1 S2 | ...
S3 ... | g59078 | [
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0.... |
<p>I have read now a couple of times that the rate of false positives is upper bounded by the significance level alpha regarding hypothesis testing, and does not depend on sample size. But how so? As far as I can see, the probability of drawing only extreme values is much smaller when the sample size is 1000 than say 3... | g49545 | [
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0.... |
<p>I have four variables, two are categorical and two are numeric:</p>
<pre><code>a<-c("yes","yes","no","no","no",NA,"yes","no")
b<-c("high","low","medium","medium","medium","low",NA,NA)
c<-c(12,23,23,12,23,34,12,NA)
d<-c(1.2,1.3,4.5,3.4,NA,5.4,9.4,7.4)
df<-data.frame(a,b,c,d)
</code></pre>
<p>I want ... | g33666 | [
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... |
<p>I am working out the difference between two angles from a circle, and I work out the mean difference across 96 trials in 10 separate samples.</p>
<p>In order to detect outliers for statistical analysis, Barret & Lewis (<em>Outliers in Statistical Data</em>, 1984) suggest the use of a von Mises basic model. </p>... | g59079 | [
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<p>I measured the five factor model (extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, and agreeableness) and the results gave me a continuous value between 1-5. Using these values as an IV is giving me problems as the frequency of the values (can be anything between 1-5) is way to low to produce any results. So, I be... | g59080 | [
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-0.029510941356420517,
0.020734218880534172,
0.002635690849274397,
-0.02054504118859768,
-0.0029690901283174753,... |
<p>The last couple of days I tried to find systematic approaches to customer discovery, i. e. how to answer the question "what kind of people are interested in product X?".</p>
<p>I didn't find anything useful (lots of tactics, but it's no strategy), so I started to think about it myself.</p>
<p>Imagine, there is a p... | g59081 | [
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0... |
<p>Could someone give an example of a simple BN using trinomial nodes? I am a bit confused, particularly on how to specify and calculate conditional probabilities with trinomials.</p> | g14486 | [
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<p>Let's say in linear regression, I got a fit and I can plot residuals to see whether there is any systematic trend in such a plot. How to quantitatively determine whether the residues are really random? Is Durbin-Watson test used for this purpose? How to interpret such test if so?</p>
<p>Please provide an example, p... | g14487 | [
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0.02375900186598301,
0.028122154995799065,
0.06476856023073196,
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<p>If I have two lists A and B, both of which are subsets of a much larger list C, how can I determine if the degree of overlap of A and B is greater than I would expect by chance?</p>
<p>Should I just randomly select elements from C of the same lengths as lists A and B and determine that random overlap, and do this m... | g48359 | [
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0.009528325870633125,
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<p>I found that it is possible to look at adjusted residuals and treat them as a z-score and then use a two-tailed test to find a p-value. The problem is how do you calculate adjusted residuals on what I realise is a 1xr table (as it is a goodness of fit test)? </p>
<p>In addition if anyone is interested in seeing wha... | g59082 | [
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0.0633011907339096,
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0.058544... |
<p>What is the difference between a population and a sample? What common variables and statistics are used for each one, and how do those relate to each other? </p> | g59083 | [
0.022138481959700584,
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<p>If $X$ is distributed $N(\mu_X, \sigma^2_X)$,
$Y$ is distributed $N(\mu_Y, \sigma^2_Y)$
and $Z = X + Y$, I know that $Z$ is distributed $N(\mu_X + \mu_Y, \sigma^2_X + \sigma^2_Y)$ if X and Y are independent.</p>
<p>But what would happen if X and Y were not independent, i.e.
$(X, Y) \approx N\big(
(\begin{smallmatri... | g14489 | [
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0.023... |
<p>I'm trying to work out what sample size I need to calculate a prevalence rate within certain confidence intervals, using a two-phase design.</p>
<p>There is a screener test. Everyone that screens positive is diagnosed. A proportion of those that screen negative are also diagnosed to check how well the screener work... | g14490 | [
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<p><strong>Cross validation</strong> is one of the most important tools because it gives us an honest assessment of the true accuracy of our system. In other words, the cross-validation process provides a much more accurate picture of our system's true accuracy.</p>
<p><strong>If we have for example a dataset that con... | g14492 | [
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0.004721489269286394,
0.008708642795681953,
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0.02489117905497551,
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<p>I am trying to use a categorical variable as a predictor in a supervised learning setting, but there are too many categories for the classification algorithm to handle, something like over a 1000 categories. </p>
<p>What are some ways to get a manageable number of categories, is there a standard way of binning th... | g59084 | [
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0.001031364663504064,
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0.10290814191102982,
0.049... |
<p>I am going through probabilistic latent semantic analysis (pLSA) for image classification.
I did some image classification experiments with BOW (bag of words) and pLSA but based on my experiments BOW and pLSA performs similar. I could not find any improvement using pLSA.</p>
<p>If pLSA does not perform better than ... | g19201 | [
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0.03882846236228943,
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0.041363075375556946,
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0.08198054879903793,
0... |
<p>I was given three binary dependent variables, which are the following: </p>
<pre><code>1) Paid in Full (Subject paid their full balance)
2) Settled in Full (Subject paid 80% or more of their balance in 1, 3, or 5 payments)
3) Rehab (Subject made 10 or more payments)
</code></pre>
<p>With these three binary depende... | g14495 | [
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0.04588867351412773,
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0.01371883973479271,
0.04179134592413902,
-0.0... |
<p>consider a typical ar-garch model:</p>
<pre><code> y = sum( bi*xi ) + epsilon, epsilon~garch(p,q)
</code></pre>
<p>In such case a typical textbook says that we should first estimate all bi's and then estimate the garch parameters, because regression parameters and garch parameters are independent to each other (as... | g43615 | [
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<p>I'm trying to adapt something like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_association_football_predictions" rel="nofollow">this association football prediction approach</a> to 2v2 foosball games at our office.</p>
<p>For football, they basically have an offense score and a defense score for each time. Th... | g43617 | [
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0.008696870878338814,
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<p>I have been running some binomial logistic regressions in R on a data set and I realised that the p-values of the estimated coefficients are not computed based upon a Normal distribution. For e.g. I have the following result from the glm() function:</p>
<pre><code> Coefficients:
... | g59085 | [
0.0243629552423954,
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0.02783936820924282,
0.04318780079483986,
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0.037813689559698105,
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0.013297169469296932,
0.04418344050645828,
-0.... |
<p>This question was inspired by another question on another SE site: <a href="http://history.stackexchange.com/questions/7931/has-any-other-book-in-history-been-as-prescriptive-as-mein-kampf">http://history.stackexchange.com/questions/7931/has-any-other-book-in-history-been-as-prescriptive-as-mein-kampf</a></p>
<p>If... | g59086 | [
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0.02178940922021866,
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0.016046341508626938,
0.05342938005924225,
0.0005719648324884474,
-0.030451128259301186,
-0.057167306542396545,
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0.03507647663354874,
0.... |
<p>I am a bioinformatician and work on <em>RNA-Seq data</em>. The data contains a lot of <strong>reads</strong> (of length 80 bp in my case). These reads are fragments of those <em>genes</em> that were <em>expressed</em>. I map them back to my <em>reference genome</em> which helps answer many questions (gene expression... | g14500 | [
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0.021869631484150887,
0.06543787568807602,
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0.021246958523988724,
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0.04573332518339157,
-... |
<p>I want to draw vertical line graph (like the first graph on <a href="http://www.cimt.plymouth.ac.uk/projects/mepres/book7/bk7i18/bk7_18i1.htm" rel="nofollow">this</a> page):</p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/UXcb2.gif" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>The deal is I have about ~15k data points who... | g43618 | [
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0.009792379103600979,
0.05348721519112587,
0.03194992244243622,
0.044... |
<p>For my masters dissertation I am currently preparing a Survey Questionnaire. The dissertation main aim is to find the factors which have an impact on failure of IT related projects in SMEs. I have done some extensive reading in the respective area and shortlisted around 30 factors.</p>
<p>My current plan is to use ... | g59087 | [
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0.05008721351623535,
0.02274255082011223,
0.04517334699630737,
0.07150191813707352,
... |
<p>Let $K_t$ be a Poisson process with rate $1$ and $X_n=K_n-n$ $, \ \ \ n\in \mathbb{N}$</p>
<p>Now I want to determine whether it is null or positive recurrent, we already know it is recurrent.</p>
<p>I tried to compute the mean return time to zero, but, using the law of total probability, I got huge sums... | g59088 | [
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0.01989106647670269,
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0.00969475507736206,
0.0003644815587904304,
-0.0081369923427701,
-0.032874707132577896,
0.042066946625709534,
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-0.0... |
<p>I am using SPSS and having some trouble with a research question which is analogous to the hypothetical question:</p>
<p><em>Is there a longitudinal Relationship between Happiness and Chocolate Consumption?</em></p>
<p>Let’s say I take a sample of people and contact them when they are aged 14 and aged 18 and ask t... | g14503 | [
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0.008005422540009022,
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0.029008308425545692,
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0.015776867046952248,
0.03908367455005646,
... |
<p>Recent history suggests that one supplier fails to meet this new specification 20% of the time. Assume that the next 15 batches of this alloy are a random sample. </p>
<p>How can I find the expected number of shipments that do meet the new specifications,
and the standard deviation?</p> | g59089 | [
0.0017440442461520433,
0.042071618139743805,
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-0.01125787291675806,
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0.04759443551301956,
0.027405286207795143,
-0.... |
<p>I'm in the process of running a repeated-measures ANOVA on two groups of participants from an experiment. In one group, there are 10 participants, and in the other group, there is only 1 participant. This is because the 1 participant is a patient who is being compared to the 10 other participants.</p>
<p>Now, my qu... | g59090 | [
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0.005779510363936424,
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0.029897866770625114,
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0.006155027076601982,
0.028173580765724182,
0.060545191168785095,
-0.04892076924443245,
... |
<p>Given a collections of sets, which have an inherent but unknown (at runtime) hierarchy, I would like to cluster them based on the sub/super-relationships with respect to their elements. Let me try and illustrate this with a overly simplified example: </p>
<pre><code>Set 1 = {a, b, c, d, e, f}
Set 2 = {a, b}
Set 3 =... | g59091 | [
0.039244964718818665,
0.018497290089726448,
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0.0004058399354107678,
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-0.05485666170716286,
0.013157427310943604,
0.04474746063351631,
0.021944867447018623,
... |
<p>I can't seem to do a comparison with a sum of numbers and get the right answer (lines alternate between my input and R output):</p>
<blockquote>
<p>(.6 + .3 + .1) == 1</p>
<p>[1] FALSE</p>
<p>(.6 + .3 + .1)</p>
<p>[1] 1</p>
<p>1</p>
<p>[1] 1</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I've tried with and witho... | g48494 | [
0.024337491020560265,
-0.02632955275475979,
0.009374478831887245,
-0.02633207105100155,
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0.0352126806974411,
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0.0065532042644917965,
0.007495810277760029,
0.040573641657829285,
0.014668147079646587,
0.06... |
<p>I'm familiar with a traditional Error Correction Model (ECM) of the form
$$Y_{t}-Y_{t-1}=\Pi Y_{t-1}+\sum_{i=1}^{p-1}\Gamma_{i}\left(Y_{t-i}-Y_{t-i-1}\right)+\varepsilon_{t}
$$
where $\Pi=\alpha\beta'$, $\alpha$ is the long-run adjustment, $\beta$ is the matrix of cointegrating vectors, and $\beta'Y_{t-1}$ is stati... | g59092 | [
0.005846114829182625,
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0.01402471773326397,
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0.03186899051070213,
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0.07224801182746887,
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0.06666039675474167,
-0.032117318361997604,
0.03170260041952133,
-0.009725186973810196,
0.04... |
<p>I am working on a multiple regression model that will forecast the value of loans being granted within the current month.</p>
<p>The data points are broken down per day ( Jan will have 31 data points etc) and I will be updating the model every week.</p>
<p>I have 4 independent variables driving the model.
I am cur... | g59093 | [
0.009183206595480442,
0.01716245338320732,
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0.015490008518099785,
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0.07615239173173904,
0.028962230309844017,
0.0... |
<p>In a nested design (e.g., students in schools, ants in colonies, individuals in a species, leaves in a tree), ICC is defined as the proportion of variance among observations from the same subject (over total variation, i.e., variance within + residual variation). See, e.g., <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/qu... | g59094 | [
-0.03665364161133766,
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0.007053426466882229,
0.008056096732616425,
0.013104047626256943,
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-0.01087205670773983,
0.0011800946667790413,
0.00889431033283472,
0.03129887208342552,
0.0084... |
<p>From <em>Introductory Time Series with R</em>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>If the random variation is modelled by a multiplicative factor and the variable is positive, an additive decomposition model for $\log(x_t)$ [where $x_t$ is the observation at time $t$] can be used:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>$\log(x_t) = m_t + ... | g59095 | [
0.008876059204339981,
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-0.002228239318355918,
0.016223104670643806,
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0.09667661786079407,
0.018792174756526947,
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-0.025706885382533073,
-0.037534091621637344,
0.047646548599004745,
0.07777322828769684,
0... |
<p>The code and data I am borrowing come from <a href="http://www.perossi.org/home/bsm-1" rel="nofollow">http://www.perossi.org/home/bsm-1</a> under CS 5 from the book <em>Bayesian Statitics and Marketing</em>. I tried applying their model to another dataset and am getting failed convergence/terrible results. I am sim... | g59096 | [
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0.003320366609841585,
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-0.011280185543000698,
0.03891126066446304,
0.03291673958301544,
... |
<p>I have 3 samples of water contamination (bacteria/L) from a lake which I want to compare to another, more "pristine" lake. So I have 6 values in total, 3 belonging to each lake:</p>
<pre><code>contamination, lake type
7576.48, pristine
7472.81, pristine
7511.55, pristine
6803.65, test l... | g446 | [
0.03580718860030174,
-0.08215144276618958,
0.002695794217288494,
-0.04600593447685242,
0.0014583197189494967,
0.020455455407500267,
0.049790158867836,
-0.01722332276403904,
0.007649516686797142,
0.005317757837474346,
0.04547487944364548,
0.04767735302448273,
0.020786086097359657,
0.0451174... |
<p>What are the "best" metrics for covariance matrices, and why?
It is clear to me that Frobenius&c are not appropriate, and angle parametrizations have their issues too. Intuitively one might want a compromise between these two, but I would also like to know if there are other aspects to keep in mind and maybe we... | g59097 | [
0.023564832285046577,
-0.03630430996417999,
-0.007736493833363056,
-0.041860178112983704,
-0.012159906327724457,
-0.03770069405436516,
0.05975966155529022,
-0.03970395773649216,
-0.02917676419019699,
0.016874827444553375,
0.05644884705543518,
0.0024065233301371336,
0.007375576067715883,
-0... |
<p>I am new to statistics and I currently deal with ANOVA. I carry out an ANOVA test in R using</p>
<pre><code>aov(dependendVar ~ IndependendVar)
</code></pre>
<p>I get – among others – an F-value and a p-value. </p>
<p>My null hypothesis ($H_0$) is that all group means are equal. </p>
<p>There is a lot of informat... | g49384 | [
0.005064273718744516,
-0.04536218196153641,
-0.01295519806444645,
-0.014114323072135448,
0.02094588615000248,
-0.00817012693732977,
-0.008893165737390518,
0.029553722590208054,
-0.06033923104405403,
-0.00938284583389759,
-0.019478874281048775,
0.011310908943414688,
0.040766529738903046,
0.... |
<p>I play a game online (Heroes of Newerth) which has a large ladder of players, each player having a couple of different ratings. I've manually gathered the rating data for all percentiles of players but am blanking at how to turn this into a histogram and compute the Mean and Standard Deviation. I'd also like to have... | g59098 | [
0.012206065468490124,
0.022882407531142235,
-0.035430796444416046,
-0.08121879398822784,
0.010209063068032265,
-0.038489289581775665,
0.02033110335469246,
0.018302878364920616,
-0.029181478545069695,
-0.010817349888384342,
0.024970198050141335,
0.028458571061491966,
0.05830029025673866,
-0... |
<p>In R, why do the default settings of <code>qqplot(linear model)</code> use the standardized residuals on the y-axis? Why doesn't R use the "regular" residuals?</p> | g59099 | [
0.041052233427762985,
-0.04220377653837204,
-0.019930904731154442,
0.0022914614528417587,
-0.03384210169315338,
-0.02565934509038925,
0.05325034260749817,
0.004197993315756321,
-0.04409059137105942,
-0.0003669647267088294,
-0.013438387773931026,
0.0060737887397408485,
-0.0019834439735859632,... |
<p>As both a stats and R novice, I have been having a really difficult time trying to generate qqplots with an aspect ratio of 1:1. ggplot2 seems to offer far more control over plotting than the default R plotting packages, but I can't see how to do a qqplot in ggplot2 to compare two datasets.</p>
<p>So my question, w... | g59100 | [
0.025293031707406044,
-0.03996860608458519,
-0.005862934049218893,
-0.08765855431556702,
-0.03678710386157036,
-0.008692676201462746,
-0.007979465648531914,
-0.04860968142747879,
-0.09338265657424927,
-0.014365804381668568,
0.056262556463479996,
0.017592420801520348,
0.015720700845122337,
... |
<p>I carrying out a gene set analysis to investigate if a list of genes are differentially expressed before and after a medical treatment (paired analysis).</p>
<p>The list of genes was made (a priori) by a promoter analysis, where genes that are likely to bind to a specific DNA promoter region was computationally ide... | g59101 | [
-0.03300662338733673,
0.001597345108166337,
-0.01150496769696474,
-0.07733352482318878,
-0.014325073920190334,
-0.02841121517121792,
0.03016902506351471,
0.026428671553730965,
-0.05611254274845123,
-0.054688647389411926,
0.012494807131588459,
0.03675418347120285,
0.022342447191476822,
-0.0... |
<p>Assume there are a number of customers, each of which has made one more orders. You now see a sample/subset of orders (lets say 1,000,000 out of 10,000,000) but do not know the total number of customers. How to estimate the total number of customers in the full dataset, based on the sample?</p>
<p>I can assume that... | g35254 | [
0.004183339420706034,
-0.00208610319532454,
-0.0033740543294698,
-0.025249289348721504,
-0.04692057520151138,
-0.10085151344537735,
-0.02167429029941559,
0.029720107093453407,
-0.03051348216831684,
-0.029314206913113594,
0.008600974455475807,
-0.00978299230337143,
0.013185588642954826,
0.0... |
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