question stringlengths 37 38.8k | group_id stringlengths 2 6 | sentence_embeddings listlengths 768 768 |
|---|---|---|
<p>How do you interpret the Johanson's cointegration test if you are doing Granger causality and both variables are stationary at I(0)?</p> | g59350 | [
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<p>I'm working on a robust regression analysis with <code>SAS</code>. I'm running a full model first.(using <code>PROC ROBUSTREG</code>). Then I'm excluding the variable with maximum Pr>ChiSq value. And then I'm running the model again. I'm repeating the process until Pr>ChiSq value is under 0.05 for all variables in t... | g14835 | [
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<p>The central limit theorem assumes independent variables and I want to apply it to study the performances of my network speed (computer networks). What I have a is the throughput measurements of my network per second. I don't know how to classify my variable, do you think it's a independent variable?
I have a doubt ... | g14837 | [
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<p>I am searching for a tool/software which can convert PDF to text format for text mining. The PDF files I use, contains many tables.</p>
<p>I tried using PDF Miner, but I found many problems while converting tables in PDF to text.</p>
<p>Can someone recommend a tool that efficiently works?</p>
<p>Thanks</p> | g59351 | [
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<p>Could somebody point me to an online algorithm that computes the variance, but gives a higher weight to more recent values?</p> | g44069 | [
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<p>How to find the conditional/joint probabilities of two variables from their empirically estimated marginal ones and an assumed correlation?</p> | g59352 | [
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<p>when dealing with soft and hard clustering techniques such as K-means and fuzzy C-means I run into abit of difficulty on the steps that FCM takes to calculate the clusters. </p>
<p>For instance in K-means the steps are as follows:</p>
<ol>
<li>Chose number of clusters (K)</li>
<li>Initialize centroids (K patterns ... | g44072 | [
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<p>The data I am using is continuous, and may be somewhat skewed, but probably will not have many outliers.</p>
<p>It's been suggested to me that it would be a good rule of thumb to examine both Pearson and Spearman correlations, and if they are different to report the latter, on the grounds that a difference between ... | g59353 | [
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<p><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878029611001356" rel="nofollow"><em>Data Augmentation Approach in Bayesian Modelling of Presence-only Data</em> (Divino <em>et al.</em>)</a> states that the data ware sampled from a normal distribution with mean 2.0 and a common variance (section 3). Does a... | g14843 | [
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<p>I've got an estimate of the number of site visitors I'll see in a 1 hour period clicking email links in a large email campaign. I need to make sure I've got the required server capacity. That means I need to estimate the peaks in usage on a smaller time scale.</p>
<ol>
<li><p>How do I calculate the expected distr... | g14844 | [
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<p>I have several confusion tables calculated, see, e.g., <a href="https://dl.dropbox.com/u/22416352/table_2.csv" rel="nofollow">table 2</a> and <a href="https://dl.dropbox.com/u/22416352/table_1.csv" rel="nofollow">table 1</a>, but typically I'll have 10 or so. These confusion tables are the result of different classi... | g14845 | [
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<p>I work in a classification problem where <strong>collecting</strong> instances (labeled or unlabeled) is very expensive. In fact, labeling instances is cheap. </p>
<p>I want to explore an <strong>active learning strategy</strong> where I do <strong>not</strong> have access to unlabeled instances, but I can still as... | g59354 | [
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<p>i have obtained a marginal R squared value of 0.01599143 after fitting a tweedie model to my data set. Is this value too low? How can i interpret this?Thanks</p> | g11664 | [
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<p>I am trying to produce a glmm using the <code>lme4</code> package in <code>R</code>. To validate my model I would like to produce some diagnostic plots but am having trouble doing so as many of the packages that work for <code>lm()</code> models like CAR do not work for <code>lmer()</code> models. I have tried using... | g59355 | [
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<p>Probably, this is a very basic question but I don't seem to be able to find a solid answer for it. I hope here, I can.</p>
<p>I'm currently reading papers as a preparation for my own master's thesis. Currently, I'm reading a paper which researches the relationship between tweets and stock market features.</p>
<p>I... | g40194 | [
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<p>A study had shown that annual income on average was significantly higher among men than women for people over 30 years old in Portugal. The results were from 312 Portuguese men and 62 Portuguese women. The samples were chosen (not randomly) by the researchers.</p>
<p>Can we conclude that, in general, the annual inc... | g59356 | [
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<p>I am trying to figure out how to determine whether to reject or not the null hypothesis using ks-test.</p>
<ol>
<li>In matlab there is a function named <a href="http://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/kstest2.html" rel="nofollow">kstest2</a> decides if it should reject $H_0$. I want to use python scipy function
<a href... | g59357 | [
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<p>We know that $Z\sim N(0, 1)$. How do I prove that $e^Z$ has a mean of $e^{0.5}$? I have tried integrating $e^z$ times the pdf of $Z$ but I don't know why it isn't working out. </p>
<p>Also what is the pdf of $\exp(Z)$?</p> | g59358 | [
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<p>I'm relatively new to A/B split-testing and can't wrap my brain around the idea of z-scores.</p>
<p>I know that a z-score gives one an idea how statistically significant the result is that one gets from a split-test.</p>
<p>However, I found quite a few websites that explain A/B split-testing <strong>without talkin... | g460 | [
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<p>I am trying to get some bootstrap CIs for coefficients obtained by robust regression. I have influential values and thus switched to <code>rlm</code>.</p>
<p>The data are clustered and within clusters, the variance of my DV ("Durchlässigkeit") = 0.</p>
<p>Is this all sensible for my clustered data?</p>
<pre><code... | g59359 | [
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<p><br>
I'm currently working for EEG signal classification from 3 electrodes. I want to have a simple feature selection algorithm that is independent with the classification process. From the feature extraction step, let's say I have this kind of matrix now (not the actual numbers/data) :<p>
A CLASS :
$$
Ch_1 = \begi... | g59360 | [
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<p>I have a dataset of about a million companies containing their names, total employees and annual sales. I want to come up with a function that when given the company returns the 5 most similar companies in terms of their distance in total employees and annual sales.</p>
<p>I thought of doing k-means clustering on t... | g14852 | [
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<p>What's the statistical strategy to compute 2 month's ahead sales forecasts? I'm trying to build a chart for some software I'm creating.</p>
<p>Piecemealing this together with a lot of thought, it appears that I'm faced with:</p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Seasonal Delta (SD)</strong> Sales often tend to be seasonal, no m... | g14853 | [
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<p>Consider the cross sectional:</p>
<p>$Y_i = a + b X_i + e_i$</p>
<p>where I have reason to believe that $E[e_j e_k] \not= 0$ for a concerning number of $j\not= k$. </p>
<p>What happens if I use a serial correlation robust standard error here (such as Newey West)? Is it okay to do so even though, of course, I have... | g461 | [
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<p>I have several sample variance/covariance matrices, say $[C_1...C_n]$. These covariance matrices correspond to blocks of correlated multivariate normal samples (i.e. the samples used to estimate $C_1$ are not completely independent, but they are completely independent from the samples used to estimate $C_2$). In rea... | g14855 | [
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<p>I found it is quite inconvenient to do row operations in SAS.</p>
<p>Any good ideas?</p> | g14857 | [
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<p>I've <a href="http://www.r-project.org/user-2006/Slides/Mizera.pdf" rel="nofollow">found a paper</a> which introduces the multidimensional (bivariate here) version of the boxplot - a bagplot. What is that bagplot exactly? I can see the series of nested polygons based on vertices, one of those polygons being declared... | g14858 | [
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<p>I am now using <strong>Exponential distribution</strong> to model the the <strong>time intervals of a sequence of random events</strong>.Since I can choose several different lamdas for this model , I want to find out which lamda of them is fitting the training data best. I find Kullback–Leibler divergence from som... | g59361 | [
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<p>I'm aware there are a variety of approaches of dealing with missing values. I have been asked to analyse data that contains missing values. An author of a scale has recommended pro-rating when there are less than 3 missing values in a case. I am interested in advice regarding how this might be done. For example, if... | g59362 | [
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<p>The joint entropy is the amount of information we get when we observe X and Y at the same time, but what would happen if we don't observe them at the same time.</p>
<p>For example, when i toss a coin, if i got tails i will only observe the variable X, but if i got heads i will only observe the variable Y. How could... | g59363 | [
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<p>Assume we have the following function:</p>
<p>$$f(p) = \frac{1}{(1-p)d}\ln\left(\frac{1}{T}\sum_{t=1}^{T}\left[\frac{1+X_t}{1+Y_t} \right]^{1-p} \right)$$</p>
<p>where</p>
<p>$d$ is a constant</p>
<p>$T$ is a constant</p>
<p>$X_t$ for $t = 1, 2, \cdots, T$ are random variables</p>
<p>$Y_t$ for $t = 1, 2, \cdot... | g59364 | [
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<p>I am reading through an applied statistics book and in it, it makes a very luminous statement for a posterior case where the likelihood was taken from $X_1,...,X_n$ iid random variables from a continuous uniform distribution on $[0,\theta]$, for $\theta$ unknown, and for where the prior distribution is the Pareto(a,... | g49554 | [
0.023010773584246635,
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-0.0353248305618763,
-0.018931163474917412,
0.021415650844573975,
0.023318765684962273,
0.0... |
<p>I don't know how to put my exogenous variable in ARIMA model.</p>
<p>I use number of tourists ('number of torism' below) in an ARIMA model
and 'CLI_Index' for exogenous variable</p>
<p>My code in R: </p>
<pre><code>tourist <- ts(number of torism, start=c(2540,1),end=c(2553, 12), freq=12)
cli <- ts(CLI_Index... | g59365 | [
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0.011499609798192978,
0.013563210144639015,
0.04078419879078865,
0.043329644948244095,
-0.00... |
<p>Suppose I have that the posterior distribution of a set of iid $X_1,...,X_n$ data that is continuous, uniformly distributed with a Pareto(a,b) prior is. </p>
<p>Suppose that the posterior mode is:</p>
<p>$max(x_1,...,x_n,a)$, where the mode is the maximum of the data points and the parameter a in the pareto prior ... | g49554 | [
0.037532493472099304,
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-0.03752608224749565,
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0.004664836451411247,
0.049186598509550095,
... |
<p>I have 20 independent variables that sum to one. I have 181 vectors so my X matrix is 181 by 20 so I do have an overdetermined system. However, when I run lm() in R with this data it gives me nonsensical data with equal coefficients for every single independent variable. Also, the intercept is -1*coefficient. Could ... | g59366 | [
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0.03722229227423668,
-0.035929128527641296,... |
<p>At the most rudimentary level, how is a fixed effects model equal to first differencing, and how is first differencing equal to the regression </p>
<p>$$\text{Outcome}_{it} = α_1 + α_2\text{Treat}_i + α_3\text{Post}_t + β(\text{Treat}_i\times\text{Post}_t) + ε_{it}$$</p>
<p>Where $\text{Treat}_i$ is a dummy which ... | g59367 | [
-0.0017542866989970207,
-0.04657900705933571,
-0.021532047539949417,
0.009349483996629715,
0.05099554732441902,
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0.049271464347839355,
0.03936627879738808,
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-0.010479174554347992,
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0.04261445254087448,
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... |
<p>I have a question regarding the impact of regression to the mean when using forecasting with exponential smoothing. Unfortunately, I do not have access to the book on which this analysis was based [@Rob Hyndman, Forecasting with Exponential Smoothing: The State Space Approach (New York: Springer, 2008)], nor am I f... | g59368 | [
-0.029892340302467346,
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0.07000954449176788,
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0.03788319602608681,
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0.09672987461090088,
0.0... |
<p>I'm looking for an article, program, algorithm that can clearly explain whats going on inside a <strong>Multinomial Naive Bayes classifier</strong> compared to a <strong>Gaussian Naive Bayes Classifier</strong>.</p> | g59369 | [
0.033995889127254486,
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<p>Using the KNN classifier, given a test data-point $x$, how do we get the probability of membership of $x$ to each class $y_i$, that is the probabilities $P(y_i | x)$ for $i = 1, 2, .., n$ (where $n$ is the number of classes).</p> | g59370 | [
-0.002491254825145006,
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0.027076127007603645,
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0.008496740832924843,
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0.06453350186347961,
0.01019071601331234,
0.... |
<p>I am currently working on sentimental analysis of twitter data for one of telecom company data.I am loading the data into HDFS and using Mahout's Naive Bayes Classifier for predicting the sentiments as positive,negative or neutral .</p>
<p>Here's is what i am doing</p>
<p>I am providing training data to the machin... | g59371 | [
0.0014679081505164504,
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0.006836738903075457,
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0.006598153151571751,
0.0044001624919474125,
0.0012344522401690483,
0.09991814196109772,
... |
<p>I have a gene expression profile with negative values.</p>
<p>Is there any way to do an Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) on a matrix which has a few negative values? </p>
<p>(I couldn't approximate the negatives by 1 because the range of negative values are really high.) </p>
<p>Thanks.</p> | g14866 | [
-0.01575840264558792,
0.006751456297934055,
0.007023256737738848,
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0.0398394800722599,
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0.014619993977248669,
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0... |
<p>As we train a neural network, we have access to the error-rate (both on training, and test patterns). What are standard techniques to use this information to stop the learning as quickly as possible when over-fitting starts?</p> | g462 | [
0.041179295629262924,
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0.010889964178204536,
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0.00012009350029984489,
0.007446896284818649,
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0.0... |
<p>I am reading a paper <a href="http://pds8.egloos.com/pds/200805/26/44/2684406.pdf" rel="nofollow">"A note on the Delta Method" by Gary Oehlert, JASA, 1992</a>.</p>
<p>I am trying to estimate the variance of a function of a random variable, but first I want to understand the limitations of using the Delta Method Tay... | g59372 | [
0.0035195995587855577,
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0.017903486266732216,
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0.023379314690828323,
0.03878644481301308,
0.03632913529872894,
... |
<p>What is the difference between a multivariate normal random deviate and a random variable? More specifically, I suppose, what exactly is a deviate?</p> | g59373 | [
0.010350662283599377,
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0.021199559792876244,
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<p>This is kind of a basic stats question, but I want to make sure I am doing this right.</p>
<p>I have a distribution of objects. Specifically:
<code>array([ 6072., 112673., 126874., 44366., 5384., 14697., 20323., 68197., 98024.,39483., 103990., 18556., 32930., 23551., 6897.])</code></p>
<p>I then have ... | g33730 | [
0.02878824807703495,
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0.0035633824300020933,
-0.1020793542265892,
-0.0009304580162279308,
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0.023398661985993385,
0.0036573971156030893,
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-0.05298725888133049,
-0.010876470245420933,
0.046761367470026016,
0.036272406578063965,
... |
<p>I am using dynamic model with panel quarter data using Stata. And my sample contain 16 nations from 2000 to 2010.
Is there an approximated number of observations in the panel data to be considered as a time persistent process? </p> | g33731 | [
0.013973592780530453,
0.002276263665407896,
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0.02040073275566101,
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0.0023892028257250786,
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-0.047271907329559326,
0.02543679066002369,
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0.020752981305122375,
... |
<p>In an ongoing project concerning life style changes, I can't find the way to study the difference in effects over time between the intervention and the control group.</p>
<p>The project is set up as a an experiment where a number of individuals have been randomly assigned to treatment or control after which the tre... | g59374 | [
-0.032386187463998795,
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0.001197496079839766,
0.007450432982295752,
0.02635372057557106,
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0.... |
<p>I have a set of integer that I am trying to see use different methods to categorize them into four groups, and the 2x2 table for the outcome of the 2 methods is displayed as below:</p>
<pre><code> method_B
method_A 0 1 2 3
0 182 11 0 0
1 41 127 2 0
... | g59375 | [
-0.014244685880839825,
-0.01602601632475853,
-0.0019836516585201025,
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0.014973210170865059,
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0.015656905248761177,
-0.054862163960933685,
-0.024855852127075195,
-0.0023889942094683647,
0.056175585836172104,
0.05196845531463623... |
<p>I'm looking for sample R code, or pointers to sample R code for the following. (Gentle) critique of the approach would also be appreciated. I'm not a statistician and I'm pretty new to R.</p>
<p>I have duration of hospitalization ("length of stay"=LOS) data for 2,000 patients from my hospital and 50,000 patients ... | g59376 | [
0.00009793831850402057,
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0.03450457751750946,
0.008123285137116909,
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0.006871148943901062,
0.05272051692008972,
0.013289461843669415,
0.036449603736400604,
0.009... |
<p>The data I want to analyze consist of set of votes similar to the voting system here on stackexchange. Votes are binary, i.e, items can receive up- or down-votes. The data have been gathered in an A/B controlled experiment. </p>
<p>I want to compare the control group to the treatment group according to some gold st... | g14871 | [
0.0077299983240664005,
-0.004997664131224155,
0.010609677992761135,
0.00010924349771812558,
0.057476628571748734,
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0.00022983888629823923,
0.014680175110697746,
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0.0018748075235635042,
0.04190732538700104,
0.05426689609885216,
0.0002776290930341929,
... |
<p>In this paper:</p>
<p>Use of the Bootstrap and Cross-Validation in Ridge Regression
Author(s): Nancy Jo Delaney and Sangit Chatterjee Source: Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Apr., 1986), pp. 255-262</p>
<p>The authors state that:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>"As a caveat to the implementati... | g14872 | [
0.024081217125058174,
-0.016381539404392242,
0.024275241419672966,
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0.09306332468986511,
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0.03700358793139458,
0.009110922925174236,
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0.03693346306681633,
0.045880142599344254,
0.01218070276081562,
0.010336433537304401,
-0.03761... |
<p>So I am currently making my 6th version of a model designed to predict the likelihood of of a particular medical condition based on a multifactorial genetic markers and I really would appreciate some advice with regards to a method to overcome this problem. The model I have used thus far has proved very successful, ... | g59377 | [
0.012745975516736507,
-0.01271937694400549,
0.00021494705288205296,
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0.030357617884874344,
0.05797833949327469,
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0.007707798853516579,
0.030465535819530487,
0.03392991051077843,
0.055406443774700165,
0.... |
<p>Can any one please suggest me a self-study plan for becoming a Statistical Analyst? I need suggestion something similar to <a href="http://quantstart.com/articles/Self-Study-Plan-for-Becoming-a-Quantitative-Analyst" rel="nofollow">Self Study Plan for Quantitative Analyst</a></p> | g14873 | [
-0.009942855685949326,
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0.011102767661213875,
0.017449887469410896,
0.03418566659092903,
0.03795585036277771,
-0.008... |
<p>I'm working in R. I'd like to run a regression analysis for predicting price against terms in a text field. </p>
<p>I have a dataset of jewellery auction listings, with price paid, date, and an unstructured description of the item type: </p>
<pre><code>text,date,price_usd
"Ruby necklace, Spanish",1925,45000
"Diamo... | g59378 | [
0.021104607731103897,
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0.03492292761802673,
0.05090029910206795,
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0.0013580911327153444,
-0.007002851460129023,
-0.022314973175525665,
0.060739658772945404,
0... |
<p>I have a problem about normal distribution and multivariate normal distribution .so I need a whole books on multivariate normal distributions and normal distribution.</p>
<p>Thanks for help.</p> | g59379 | [
0.0776124894618988,
0.016790136694908142,
0.0047543663531541824,
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0.023222576826810837,
0.01865139976143837,
-0.0392129048705101,
-0.044271744787693024,
-0.01... |
<p>So in my data, I have parameters(~800) and each parameter has 14 different groups. I individually know the mean and standard deviation within each group for each parameter. The data within each group has been collected with 30 measurements. Eg. </p>
<p><a href="http://imgur.com/nFDDRK5" rel="nofollow">http://imgur.... | g33733 | [
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0.003222907427698374,
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-0.012616010382771492... |
<p>My second question is about Test Statistics.</p>
<p>The questions and answers are on this PDF: <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?b74e633lxdb49rb" rel="nofollow">http://www.mediafire.com/?b74e633lxdb49rb</a></p>
<p>I understand that they work out the join density and I know how to calculate this.</p>
<p>What I re... | g59380 | [
0.01929616928100586,
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0.019655494019389153,
0.036920323967933655,
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0.05380969122052193,
0.... |
<p>I am writing a program in C# that requires me to use the Ttest formula. I have to effectively interpret the Excel formula:</p>
<pre><code>=TTEST(range1,range2,1,3)
</code></pre>
<p>I am using the formula given <a href="http://www.monarchlab.umn.edu/lab/research/stats/2SampleT.aspx" rel="nofollow">here</a></p>
<p... | g59381 | [
-0.02880929782986641,
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0.008448791690170765,
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0.019133996218442917,
0.012541446834802628,
-0.09497735649347305,
-0.015910008922219276,
-0.00048396826605312526,
0.002267123432829976,
0.021543579176068306,... |
<p>In a biological experiment I draw somewhere between 100k and several million datapoints, where each datapoint is one of 1024 DNA sequences. If each sequence has an equal probability of coming up, I would expect the distribution of counts for each sequence to be binomially distributed with p=1/1024. Given the very ... | g59382 | [
0.0035195148084312677,
-0.004759688396006823,
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-0.00439060153439641,
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-0.03254244476556778,
-0.0030781629029661417... |
<p>I have posted a <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/7977/how-to-generate-uniformly-distributed-points-on-the-surface-of-the-3-d-unit-spher">previous question</a>, this is related but I think it is better to start another thread. This time, I am wondering how to generate uniformly distributed points ins... | g49426 | [
0.04209554195404053,
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0.04534042254090309,
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0.008670412003993988,
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0.... |
<p>I have the following problem:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Suppose we have a sample $Y_1,...,Y_n \sim N(\mu, \sigma^2)$. Find the
pivotal function for $\sigma^2$ when
$\mu$ is known and when $\mu$ is
unknown.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I know that you need to find a statistic where its distribution doesn't depend on the ... | g14877 | [
0.027970490977168083,
0.05876537412405014,
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0.03149743750691414,
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0.04336439073085785,
-0.05508857220411301,
0.04625494033098221,
0.027855228632688522,
0.0049... |
<p>Precision is defined as:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>p = true positives / (true positives + false positives)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>What is the value of precision if (true positives + false positives) = 0? Is it just undefined?</p>
<p>Same question for recall:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>r = true positives / (true positives +... | g59383 | [
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0.01258888840675354,
-0.002003817120566964,
0.03011024370789528,
0.05252113565802574,
-0.026... |
<p>I have done some clustering to a matrix with 30 random variables , each variable has 13000 observations ). i got 10 clusters</p>
<p>and now i need to test how good the clustering is by calculating the variance in each cluster.
does anyone knows how can i calculate the variance?</p>
<p>i can easily calculate the va... | g59384 | [
-0.00848026480525732,
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0.009345625527203083,
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0.030201762914657593,
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0.06098583713173866,
0.02334786392748356,
0.015... |
<p>I need to determine the KL-divergence between two Gaussians. I am comparing my results to <a href="http://allisons.org/ll/MML/KL/Normal/">these</a>, but I can't reproduce their result. My result is obviously wrong, because the KL is not 0 for KL(p, p).</p>
<p>I wonder where I am doing a mistake and ask if anyone ca... | g59385 | [
0.022971322759985924,
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0.0005127401673234999,
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0.043951746076345444,
0.02808823063969612,
0.0... |
<p>Given that $Y$ follows multivariate normal distribution ,i.e, $N_n (0, \sigma^2 I_n)$, we want to find the distribution of $Y'Y$ given that $a'Y=0$ where $a$ is a non zero constant vector.</p>
<p>I know that the distribution of $Y'Y$ would be $\sigma^2 \chi_n^2$ if the condition is not given. How to approach for th... | g44123 | [
0.05658414959907532,
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0.011493594385683537,
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<p>I was reading about instrumental variables, where I found description of the Hansen Sargen J statistic. The model is the usual $y=X\beta+\epsilon$, where $X\in \mathbb{R}^{N\times K}$, $E(X^T\epsilon)\ne 0$ and $Z\in \mathbb{R}^{N\times M}, M>K$ and $E(Z^T\epsilon)= 0$. Assume $\epsilon\sim \mathcal{N}(0,\sigma^... | g59386 | [
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0.0304742269217968,
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<p>I am trying to recreate analysis of diamond data in R and compare it to minitab output cited in <a href="http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v9n2/datasets.chu.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v9n2/datasets.chu.html</a> </p>
<p>I'm almost certain its the same data set yet my results are... | g11930 | [
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<p>A consumer group rated 12 manufactured products
import
ed from a single
source on a scale
of 1 to 10. The data are shown below. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to
indicate tha
t the median score is greater than 5? Use
the
sign test at the 1% level of significance.</p>
<p>2
9
6
7
8
5
10
2
8
5
3
4</p> | g14881 | [
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-0.01353... |
<p>Both <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_mean_square">Root Mean Square</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_deviation#Average_absolute_deviation">Average absolute deviation</a> seem like the measures of the magnitude of variability (especially when the variates are both +ve and -ve). What ar... | g44125 | [
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0.0... |
<p>I have an observation sequence of TPM, EPM and prior. I want to find the log-likelihood of around 100 sequences of length 10 at a time. How can I do this using a forward algorithm?</p> | g59387 | [
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... |
<p>This is a follow-up question from this post, here:
<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14423325/confidence-intervals-for-predictions-from-logistic-regression">Confidence intervals for predictions from logistic regression</a></p>
<p>The answer from @Gavin is excellent, but I have some additional questions wh... | g14884 | [
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0.017362818121910095,
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<p>It is possible to test for interaction in Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) between the independent variable and the co-variate, but isn't “the homogeneity of regression slopes” an assumption that should not be violated in ANCOVA? If this is the case, then if we have an interaction between independent variable and co... | g49698 | [
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0.02337406761944294,
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<p>I am having some trouble understanding something that feels very basic in probability theory concerning the past history of repeated independent events.</p>
<p>Consider the tossing of a fair coin. $P(\text{head}) = P(\text{tail}) = 0.5$. Repeated tosses are independent events. Let's say that we already have four He... | g59388 | [
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<p>From basic statistics and hearing "correlation is not causation" all the time, I tend to think it's fine to say that "X and Y are correlated" even if X and Y aren't in a causal relationship. For example, I'd normally think it's perfectly okay to say that ice cream sales and swimsuit sales are correlated, since high ... | g44719 | [
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<p>It's well established that both Anderson-Darling and Shapiro-Wilk have a much higher power to detect departures from normality than a KS-Test.<br>
I have been told that Shapiro-Wilk is usually the best test to use if you want to test if a distribution is normal because it has one of the highest powers to detect lack... | g59389 | [
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<p>Is simply including a covariate in a model (ANCOVA) enough for variance in the DV due to it to be factored away? Or do the higher order interactions of the covariate with the other factors of the model have to be modelled as well? </p>
<p>In some software (e.g. Statistica), you have to specifically ask what factori... | g14890 | [
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0.005554923787713051,
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0.023471655324101448,
... |
<p>I have a question concerning the Kruskal-Wallis test. I compared 4 groups with the kwallis2 test (in stata) and got insignificant results (the multiple comparisons are aborted). When I look at the medians of the variable in two of the groups, one is double of the other. So I did a kwallis test for these two groups a... | g59390 | [
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0.009939637966454029,
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0.002855421043932438,
0.039393506944179535,
-0.04017818346619606,
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-0.013626816682517529,
0.04408523067831993,
0.026937399059534073,
0.021025119349360466,
... |
<p>I'm trying to measure the influence of one event over the other. Say we have two articles $A$ and $B$. We have knowledge about the users reading these two articles, so I'm trying to measure $P(B|A)$ here. </p>
<p>Intuitively, I feel that the larger $P(B|A)$ is, the more influence the event "one has read article $A$... | g14892 | [
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0.01824125461280346,
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0.010231894440948963,
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0.0008984507876448333,
0.020933445543050766,
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0.010098762810230255,
0.010781507007777691,
-0.000856212165672332,
0.007584916427731514,
... |
<p>I have a number of distance matrices that are related to different elements. Each of these matrices represent a specific distance between these elements. I want to perform a Self-Organizing Map technique on them in R and get a Heatmap or something that could present the data well. But the SOM function does not creat... | g59391 | [
-0.011185272596776485,
0.023894889280200005,
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0.02243923768401146,
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0.0025774608366191387,
0.03691255673766136,
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0.029293730854988098,
0.0032899596262723207,
0.0011404241668060422,
0.09266345947980881,
0... |
<p>I am using a group of observers who will report a certain type of X-ray test on a sample of 50 patients to look for fractures. 2 weeks later the same sample of patients will be reported again, this time using a different type of xray test. I want to find out if their is a statistical difference in the number of fr... | g59392 | [
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0.008047183975577354,
0.007588498294353485,
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0.04032961651682854,
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0.032894913107156754,
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<p>I'm doing a self-study. I am currently at part IV of the question. After several attempts, I still can't seem to figure out why $p = 0.75$ for part IV.</p>
<p><strong>QUESTION SHEET</strong></p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/5WeGb.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p><strong>ANSWER KEY</strong>... | g59393 | [
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0.010341054759919643,
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0.0030209217220544815,
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-0.03476512059569359,
-0.0026330796536058187,
-0.05972873046994209,
0.016237687319517136,
0.006705048959702253,... |
<p>is it possible to use kernel PCA for Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) in the same way as PCA is used?</p>
<p>I perform LSI in R using the <strong>prcomp</strong> PCA function and extract the features with highest loadings from the first k components. By that i get the features describing the component best.</p>
<p>I... | g15370 | [
0.004147951025515795,
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0.020957522094249725,
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0.004076946526765823,
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0.011446294374763966,
0.0067479428835213184,
0.0025921431370079517,
-... |
<p>I conducted a Friedman test to related-sample group in three conditions (pre-treatment, post-treatment and 6-month post treatment). Out of 216 participants that completed the first two stages, 50 of these completed the 6-month post stage. Am I right in thinking that the Friedman test is doing the calculation on the ... | g59394 | [
0.0029221370350569487,
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0.01212394330650568,
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0.008418597280979156,
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0.05012847110629082,
0.041543811559677124,
0.003384010400623083,
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0.006892466451972723,
0.026795070618391037,
-0.007602124009281397,
-... |
<p>First I have to tell my experience in development is extremely thin (a few bash scripts that's all) so bear with me if I can't keep up :)</p>
<p>A little background story to begin:</p>
<p>A few years ago during my sysadmin formation I had the chance to meet a senior security expert which showed me something I foun... | g59395 | [
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0.05011333152651787,
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0.052644696086645126,
0.0630744993686676,
0.03865... |
<p>When the Breusch-pagan test in R is done on a regression model through the origin with one independent variable then the <code>df=0</code> and the <code>p-value < 2.2e-16</code>. This looks wrong and in the following link the user experience this problem,</p>
<p><a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/... | g59396 | [
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0.011745445430278778,
0.041508160531520844,
0.024527816101908684,
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<p>I have a very large (36k items) spatial dataset of locations of commercial landuses with their corresponding square footages. I am hoping to use the <code>pam()</code> command in R (from {cluster} package) to form clusters around a set of centers determined by other methods.</p>
<p>I am trying to figure out how to ... | g59397 | [
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<p>The answers to this question on SO returned a set of approximately 125 one- to two-letter names:
<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6979630/what-1-2-letter-object-names-conflict-with-existing-r-objects">http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6979630/what-1-2-letter-object-names-conflict-with-existing-r-objects<... | g14902 | [
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0.008517088368535042,
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0.008785597048699856,
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0.00848140474408865,
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0.011462233029305935,
0.09996628016233444,
0.0... |
<p>I have a very simple linear model that I need to fit with a fixed slope (I'm interested in estimating the intercept). How would I go about describing the performance of the fit, since the usual r^2 doesn't apply. I'm reasonably handy with the math, so even a point in the right direction would be helpful.
Doing it in... | g59398 | [
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<p>I am doing a project on finding out whether there is a difference in job satisfaction between employees of non-profit organisations and for-profit organisations. I also need to find whether job satisfaction varies as a function of age (categorized as below 20, 21-30 and so on), gender, and type of job (paid or volun... | g9331 | [
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... |
<p>Is it correct to say that the Hidden State Sequence in a Hidden Markov Model is a Markov Chain?</p>
<p>Thanks</p> | g59399 | [
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0.0375913642346859,
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<p>I've got to verify whether there is a significant difference in value market shares between 2 versions of packaging (A and B) of a given beverage: </p>
<p>For the 'Packaging A' I've got a sample of 600 purchases on which I compute average 'Packaging A' purchase value as well as the average value of entire category ... | g48380 | [
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<p>I am confused by the following expectation which appears within equation (1) of the following paper <a href="http://statweb.stanford.edu/~jhf/ftp/trebst.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://statweb.stanford.edu/~jhf/ftp/trebst.pdf</a>:</p>
<p>$E_{X}[E_{Y}[L(Y,F(X))]|X]$</p>
<p>I am confused by the inner expectation, which i... | g14904 | [
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<p>The book of "Time Series and its Applications" gives the following example,</p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/GRljj.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>The book also includes the following statement regarding the observation from this figure</p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/03IGu.png"... | g59400 | [
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0.... |
<p>I cannot understand this answer , why we get probability of x=2,3?? - the question tell us that the play end when team won 2 games only not 3 -</p>
<p>and why EX[x] is maximized at (d^2 E(x))/dp^2 </p>
<p>i need help please
thanks in advance</p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/G5YtE.png" alt="enter image ... | g59401 | [
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<p>I have created a text clustering algorithm and calculated the Precision and Recall measures for the evaluation. I am looking for papers that contain other text clustering algorithms evaluations with Precision and Recall in order to compare them.</p>
<p>I have already found a few from Google, but I am not satisfied ... | g59402 | [
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<p>Hi i'm reading threw all my statistics notes and i can't find any mention of how to transform ols variables into logs. ie i can't see a equation or any method of turning a beta value into a log form.</p>
<p>i know why we must do this but i can't work out how. also is there a different method for partial transformat... | g59403 | [
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... |
<p>I have one million of keywords (from search queries in google), and I need to group them semantically. I have already done some research and I have found information about how to extract keywords and cluster them from a large corpus, but in my case I don't have any large documents, only those keywords.</p>
<p>I ima... | g59404 | [
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<p>Assume I have data originating from a model
$$
y_i=f(t_i)+e(t_i)
$$
with $f\in C_2(\mathbb{R})$. </p>
<p>The only thing I know about the errors is that they roughly happen to be of to different sources:</p>
<ul>
<li>Some more or less random noise of varying magnitude over time. The noise might just oscillate betwe... | g59405 | [
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0.... |
<p>I'm studying Matrix Factorization (to use in Recommender Systems as link predictor) and i want to know if there is any similarity with PCA? The latent features can be compared to the eigenvectors?</p>
<p>Thank you</p> | g59406 | [
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0.... |
<p>I'm interested in using bootstrapping to estimate the confidence interval of the difference between the <em>actual</em> mean length of stay (LOS) for Hospital A and the <em>expected</em> mean LOS at Hospital A. The expected LOS is taken from a reference population and is adjusted for severity.</p>
<p><strong>Below... | g44163 | [
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0.06897620856761932,
-0.... |
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