question stringlengths 37 38.8k | group_id stringlengths 2 6 | sentence_embeddings listlengths 768 768 |
|---|---|---|
<p>Let S and C denote a Sunny day and a Cloudy day, respectively. Suppose that the weather on the given day depends on the past weather only through the weather on the two immediately preceding days according to the following conditional probabilities: The probability that a day is sunny given that the immediately prec... | g59563 | [
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<p>So, let's suppose that I have a set of 20 features - some of them are continous and some of them are binary.</p>
<p>Is there an algorithm/method/solution to create more features ( combine/transform ) those features ( for example by using 2 of them to create another feature )?</p>
<p>I want to do this to give a lin... | g59564 | [
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<p>Consider the following sequential, adaptive data generating process for $Y_1$, $Y_2$, $Y_3$. (By sequential I mean that we generate $Y_1$, $Y_2$, $Y_3$ in sequence and by adaptive I mean that $Y_3$ is generated depending on the observed values of $Y_1$ and $Y_2$.):</p>
<p>$Y_1 = X_1\ \beta + \epsilon_1$</p>
<p>$Y... | g27693 | [
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<p>I'm trying to reduce noise (improve separability) among groups in a data set with 26 numerical variables and 10.000 samples. Each sample is a chemical profile, with each variable indicating the quantity of some chemical constituent. Most of the variables are far from normal. </p>
<p>My question is: how can I test w... | g59565 | [
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<p>How can I use "partial pooling" to shrink cells with a small sample size towards the mean in a contingency table? I am interested in the proportions within each cell with a positive response.</p>
<p>To clarify, I am tabulating various customer demographics survey across a range of stores. I would consider a standar... | g59566 | [
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<p>Thanks everyone for the advice of my earlier question. May I once again get some guidance on the following?</p>
<p>If C = { purchase by cash }, and U = { transaction amount > $200 }</p>
<p>So if a customer purchases a new shirt that costs $80, and I need to find the probability of him paying by cash, will it be ri... | g59567 | [
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<p>I am building a logistic multiple regression with 5 potential variables candidates. I read <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/21265/choosing-variables-to-include-in-a-multiple-linear-regression-model">this post</a> and fit all 2^5 = 32 possible combinations of explanatory variables and chose the best... | g15149 | [
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<p>I'm trying to compute item-item similarity using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index#Tanimoto_coefficient_.28extended_Jaccard_coefficient.29" rel="nofollow">Jaccard (specifically Tanimoto)</a> on a large list of data in the format</p>
<pre><code>(userid, itemid)
</code></pre>
<p>An item is consider... | g59568 | [
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<p>X and Y are not correlated (-.01); however, when I place X in a multiple regression predicting Y, alongside three (A, B, C) other (related) variables, X and two other variables (A, B) are significant predictors of Y. Note that the two other (A, B) variables are significantly correlated with Y outside of the regressi... | g59569 | [
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<p>I am trying to set up a generative model where I have two images $x$ and $y$ and it is assumed that $y$ can be generated by applying some unknown transformation to $x$ i.e.</p>
<p>$$
y = t(x, w) + e
$$</p>
<p>i.e.
$$
e = y- t(x, w)
$$</p>
<p>where $t$ is the applied transformation which has parameters $w$ and e i... | g15157 | [
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<p>I'm doing a two-factor within-subject design experiment, and the two factors are all categorical variables. factor one has four categories, while factor two has two categories, and is counterbalanced. this lead to a 2*4=8 conditions. the dependent variable is a continuous variable such as reaction times.</p>
<p>my ... | g59570 | [
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<p>I want to have R display the data it gives me from the <code>summary()</code> function in a table so I can easily share this. I am currently just doing <code>summary()</code> in the console and then taking a screenshot, but I would rather have this generated as a nice table just like all of my graphs are. Any ideas?... | g59571 | [
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<p>I am having some issues with stochastic gradient descent. Using batch gradient descent where I consider all the training sets I have certain parameter values which I know are correct. </p>
<p>My function is convex,globally. </p>
<p>Now when I use stochastic gradient descent considering ten samples at a time, the ... | g15160 | [
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<p>I'm trying to fit a logistic regression where there is a huge difference in the number of data points in either group (70 Vs 10,000). A statistician friend of mine has told me that this is a known problem with logistic regression and that for those kinds of numbers it overfits the data and basically doesn't work. Wh... | g59572 | [
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<p>I currently have a setup, for which I want do do an ANOVA in spss. In my model I need to include four factors (I'll call them <code>factor1</code> to <code>factor4</code>) each with two possible states (<code>true</code> and <code>false</code>). However not all combinations are possible. To be more precise, <code>fa... | g59573 | [
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<p>As we all know , the GLM has the structure: $G(EY)=X^{T}\beta$, in which $G(.)$ is a known
link function. What confuse me is that some people say that it's a semiparametric model. But in my opinion, it's a parametric model, because there is no nonparametric part and all we don't know in the previuos structure is $\... | g59574 | [
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<p>In a previous post I’ve wondered how to <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/22494/is-using-a-questionnaire-score-euroqols-eq-5d-with-a-bimodal-distribution-as">deal with EQ-5D scores</a>. Recently I stumbled upon logistic quantile regression suggested by <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.proxy.kib.k... | g15163 | [
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<p>Below is a print screen of a summary(lm(..)).</p>
<p>I called the response variable <code>response</code> explained by a continuous variable <code>X</code> and a factor <code>Y</code>.</p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/mOEAG.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>I'm trying to understand (not to ... | g49310 | [
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<p>I'd like your opinion on a very strange behavior that I recently encountered running glmer(). The problem is that when I make the dependent variable into a logical vector, glmer behaves weirdly. My dependent variable is Accuracy, and it is coded in terms of 1 (accurate response) and 0 (wrong response). What puzzles ... | g59575 | [
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<p>I have this partition function</p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/ve5sd.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>Now if I take the derivative of log(Z(x)) wrt $\lambda_k$</p>
<p>the result is </p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/6Qikg.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>I didn't ... | g59576 | [
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<p>I am working with some two-regime autoregressive models first introduced by Hamilton in 1989. The specific models is of no great concern to my question, but some variables within my autoregressive models are latent binary variables - non-observable binary variables, that is. I have a dataset and use MCMC to find po... | g59577 | [
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<p>Suppose we consider all the people in the planet. We are interested in randomly selecting 10 people who have heart disease. Is it better to repeatedly sample 10 people and then choose the one selection in which all 10 people have heart disease? Or is it better to only look at the people who have heart disease and sa... | g15167 | [
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<p>I have different functions, that measure characteristics like completeness or reputation. I try to find out on what scale types they are (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio or absolute).</p>
<p>Most of the functions map to values between $0.0$ and $1.0$. I would assume that they are on a ratio scale. A ratio scale i... | g59578 | [
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<p>Is it sound/allowed to use entropy as a measure of (non-) uniformity of a data stream? </p>
<p>E.g. I calculate the Shannon entropy with the standard formula based on various measures in the data stream. The measures are count values whose probabilities sum up to 1. I do the calculation continuously every 1 sec, so... | g59579 | [
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<p>I want to generate 1000 random numbers with Gumbel distribution (extreme value distribution type 1) with known parameters $m$ and $a$.
Then I want to estimate the parameters of the distribution for these 1000 numbers using probability-weighted moments estimation (PWM) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to compa... | g59580 | [
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<p>I have the following problem:
I have 2 urns, one which contains which contains 20% red balls and another which contains 80% red balls. Each time I select (with replacement) a ball, I am blind and have an equal chance of selecting from each urn.</p>
<p><strong>What is the probability of selecting a red ball?</strong... | g802 | [
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<p>A local linear regresson provides at each point $x_i $ an estimate of the intercept and slope of the values of $y$ centered at that point. Consider the curve formed by the sequence of intercepts. What is the 'best' estimate of its slope? Is it the estimate of the slope in the local linear regresson or is it derived ... | g15170 | [
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<p>Given the following experimental setup:</p>
<p>Multiple samples are taken from a subject and each sample is treated multiple ways (including a control treatment). What is mainly interesting is the difference between the control and each treatment.</p>
<p>I can think of two simple models for this data. With sample ... | g59581 | [
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<p>I <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/q/14088/442">recently realized</a> that a mixed-model with only subject as a random factor and the other factors as fixed factors is equivalent to an ANOVA when setting the correlational structure of the mixed model to compound symmetry.</p>
<p><strong>Therefore I would lik... | g394 | [
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<p><strong>Background</strong>:</p>
<p>A group at work is sampling 1,000 customers to contact and from that point, determining if the effort is worthwhile or not. I wanted to see if this (pretty much) arbitrary sample size value was at all "good enough". </p>
<p>If we assume that the true proportion of successes in a... | g15177 | [
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<p>I'm checking the conversion rates on some segments of a web application as to figure out which types of customers we should invest in paid acquisition (theory is that these segments see more value in the product and, as such, are willing to pay).</p>
<p>For example, on one segment there are 336 users of which 88 co... | g44515 | [
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-0.040540166199207306,
0.012005683034658432,
0.028044482693076134,
0.013268829323351383,
-0.011559541337192059,
0.030177615582942963,
0.015658041462302208,
0.05680137872695923,
-0... |
<p>I am trying to model the rating of a product (that takes integer values between 0 and 10) using some other predictors.
Can I use negative binomial regression? The data is over-dispersed toward higher ratings but I am not sure whether negbin works for bounded counts. </p> | g59582 | [
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-... |
<p>I am working on some medical research. Given 3 values (BMI, age, gender) I have a list of baseline risks for the probability of an adverse event occurring in the next 10 years for an individual with a given BMI, age, gender.</p>
<p>I also have a list of additional risk factors, given as Hazard Ratios. How can I pro... | g59583 | [
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<p>I'm coming from this question <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/77888/similarity-between-two-sets-of-random-values">Similarity between two sets of random values</a> (which still stands BTW) where @whuber suggested in the comments that I use a Q-Q plot to assess the similarity of two discrete distribu... | g15182 | [
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-... |
<p>Suppose I have positive and negative samples, and I care a lot more about precision than recall. Furthermore, I assume that there are some cases among the positive samples which are "easier" to separate than others, but I have no direct way of identifying these. By easier, I mean it is easy to pick for a given class... | g59584 | [
0.04240699112415314,
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... |
<p>I'm a researcher within cardiovascular medicine, currently working on a study in endocrinology (diabetes). I have the following challenge, which I have discussed with several statisticians who all gave me discordant advice and explanations (which is why I'll try the discussion here).</p>
<p>The data set consists of... | g59585 | [
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0.0016226628795266151,
0.039556343108415604,
0.035115983337163925,
0.010938814841210842,
... |
<p>There's a lot about collinearity with respect to continuous predictors but not so much that I can find on categorical predictors. I have data of this type illustrated below. </p>
<p>The first factor is a genetic variable (allele count), the second factor is a disease category. Clearly the genes precede the diseas... | g59586 | [
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0.010748657397925854,
0.06824646890163422,
-0... |
<p><strong>Note</strong>: This question is a follow-up of <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/77211/estimating-population-size-of-a-subgroup-based-on-independent-samples-without-re">Estimating population size of a subgroup based on independent samples without replacement</a></p>
<p>Let a bag have 1000 ba... | g15186 | [
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0... |
<p>My contingency table:</p>
<pre><code> heterozygous homozygous.minor homozygous.major
observed 2 0 3
expected 0 0 5
</code></pre>
<p>The expected population is composed of only AA genotype, but in the observed population we observe 2 AB genot... | g15187 | [
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<p>Are there any "good" ways to eliminate the effects of ties in a data set for statistical analysis? For example, in finding the correlation between two series which has lots of ties?</p>
<p>I would like to estimate the dependence between two series by a Pearson correlation coefficient and other correlation measures,... | g59587 | [
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<p>I would like to evaluate <strong>the rarity of each sentence in a document set</strong>. Please let me know the state-of-the-art or a survey paper on this task.</p>
<p>I've already checked several papers in <strong>the document summarization problem</strong> (e.g. [1]) which seems to be closely related my task and ... | g13737 | [
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<p>Following up on this question, <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/18058/how-would-you-explain-covariance-to-someone-who-understands-only-the-mean">How would you explain covariance to someone who understands only the mean?</a>, which addresses the issue of explaining covariance to a lay person, brought... | g15191 | [
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0.063381... |
<p>I want to find the maximum likelihood estimator of the "rate parameter theta of the Exponential Distribution".</p>
<p>So i followed the following commands in <code>R</code>:</p>
<pre><code> x=rexp(500,rate=2)
f <- function(x,theta){
sum(-dexp(x,rate=theta,log=T))
}
optimize(f=f,x=x,interval=c(0,5))
<... | g59588 | [
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<p>I'm curious if there are any neural network packages out there that easily allow one to construct feed forward neural networks with shared weights, but also allow for the training to be done in parallel. <a href="http://torch.ch/" rel="nofollow">Torch7</a> allows for easy construction of shared weights, although the... | g15193 | [
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<p>The title says it all, really. I'm aware of the Wishart distribution for symmetric, nonnegative-definite matrix-valued random variables, and am looking for something along these lines, but for sparse symmetric, binary matrix-valued random variables. If necessary, I'm willing to forego the requirement that the matric... | g59589 | [
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0.014759047888219357,
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0.04936186224222183,
0.030169345438480377,
-0.0... |
<p>Suppose we have</p>
<p>$$X_1 \sim \textrm{unif}(n,0,1),$$
$$X_2 \sim \textrm{unif}(n,0,1),$$</p>
<p>where $\textrm{unif}(n,0,1)$ is uniform random sample of size n,
and </p>
<p>$$Y=X_1,$$</p>
<p>$$Z = 0.4 X_1 + \sqrt{1 - 0.4}X_2.$$</p>
<p>Then the correlation between $Y$ and $Z$ is $0.4$.</p>
<p>How can I exte... | g44519 | [
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... |
<p>Suppose I have some measurement for each subject at each site. Two variables, subject and site, are of interest in terms of computing intraclass correlation (ICC) values. Typically I would use function <code>lmer</code> from R package <code>lme4</code>, and run</p>
<pre><code>lmer(measurement ~ 1 + (1 | subject) + ... | g13764 | [
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0.009273968636989594,
... |
<p>I was wondering what relation and differences are between a significance test and a hypothesis test? Are they the same concept, or is the former a special case of the latter, or ...?</p>
<p>What does a significance test mean?</p>
<p>Thanks and regards!</p> | g49564 | [
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<p>Let $X_{ij}$ with $1\leq i<j\leq n$ (that are $X_{12},\dots, X_{1n},\dots,X_{(n-1)n}$) be ${n \choose 2}$ identically normal distributed $N(0,\sigma^2)$ such that
$
\text{corr}(X_{ij},X_{rs})=\rho
$
if $|\{i,j\}\cap\{r,s\}|=1$ and $0$ if $|\{i,j\}\cap\{r,s\}|=0$.</p>
<p>I'd like to estimate $\sigma^2$ if in the... | g59590 | [
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0.07010740041732788,
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0.04259004816412926,
0.017044151201844215,
0.... |
<p>I am writing a program which takes notes from a keyboard as the input, (just numbers, 1 to 88) and decides which notes are played by which hand. There are a lot of variables, for example, the position of the note(the higher it is the more chance it will be played by a right hand and vice versa), the amount of notes ... | g59591 | [
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0.006205263081938028,
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... |
<p>I have the rank percentages of students in 38 exams as the dependent variable in my study. A rank percentage is calculated by (a student's rank / number of students in an exam). This dependent variable has nearly uniform distribution and I want to estimate the effects of some variables on the dependent variable.</... | g15196 | [
0.010708793066442013,
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0.006116108037531376,
0.019783439114689827,
0.022952822968363762,
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0.02... |
<p>I have this confusion related to PCA. Lets say I have a 100 dimensional data, then the projection into the first principal component is given by the average over all the dimensions.</p>
<p>How is it so?</p> | g59592 | [
0.04866298660635948,
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0.03954609856009483,
0.030990157276391983,
0.014335750602185726,
0.00... |
<p>Consider the following example:</p>
<pre><code>t = 1/24:1/24:365;
x = cos((2*pi)/12*t)+randn(size(t));
% if you have the signal processing toolbox
[Pxx,F] = periodogram(x,rectwin(length(x)),length(x),1);
plot(F,10*log10(Pxx)); xlabel('Cycles/hour');
ylabel('dB/(Cycles/hour');
</code></pre>
<p>This demonstrates the... | g13778 | [
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0.025067394599318504,
0.07071422040462494,
0.0881723165512085,
0.0... |
<p>It is well known that the solution to the optimization problems proposed in Principal Components and Canonical Correlation Analysis are given by the solution to eigenvalue problems and generalized eigenvalue problems respectively. My linear algebra is quite rusty and I wanted to know if anyone could give me a semi-f... | g472 | [
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0.04675553739070892,
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<p>I am working with a set of genes for which I have both methylation values $\beta$ (continuous on unit interval) and gene expression $E$ (non-negative continuous) that I want to test for correlation $\hat\rho(log_2E,\beta)=R$. To filter out only the significant correlations I perform a permutation test where for each... | g59593 | [
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<p>I tried performing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test on SP500 data from MASS library and got the following results:</p>
<pre><code>adf.test(SP500)
Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test
data: SP500
Dickey-Fuller = -13.5835, Lag order = 14, p-value = 0.01
alternative hypothesis: stationary
</code></pre>
<p>The results seem ... | g59594 | [
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0.025565383955836296,
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0.... |
<p>I ran an experiment on my website where I randomly assigned users to either the treatment or control group, and have two questions about how to correctly compute significance of the results.</p>
<p>Some context: The outcome variable is the total number of actions they took on my website. I am computing the mean num... | g59595 | [
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0.019886532798409462,
0.04783462733030319,
0.0... |
<p>I've read through the following posts that answered the question I was going to ask:</p>
<p><a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/59741/use-random-forest-model-to-make-predictions-from-sensor-data">Use Random Forest model to make predictions from sensor data</a></p>
<p><a href="http://stats.stackexchan... | g49407 | [
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0.058160752058029175,
0.013445151038467884,
0.09407045692205429,
0.0... |
<p>I asked a related question before <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/32584/gee-with-exchangeable-working-covariance-vs-assuming-independence-and-using-hu">here</a> on the difference between GEE method with exchangeable varcov structure v. Robust standard errors known as Huber White method in group ran... | g59596 | [
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0.004502653144299984,
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0.03982854634523392,
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0.06484892964363098,
0.024909967556595802,
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0.033894650638103485,
0.04713031277060509,
0.011653891764581203,
0.03207226097583771,
0.0362... |
<p>I'm a physicist who has some issues in data treatment, so sorry if I get the maths wrong.</p>
<p>I have some diffractograms, which are displayed as counts vs. angle. The points have standard deviations estimated from a poisson statistic on the bins (an external program does that).</p>
<p>Getting the average of dif... | g59597 | [
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<p>I am writing a naive bayes classifier for a text classification problem. I have a bunch of words and an associated label:</p>
<pre><code>[short,snippet,text], label1
[slightly,different,snippet,text], label2
...
</code></pre>
<p>I am able to train the naive bayes fine. However, when I am classifying unseen data, s... | g59598 | [
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0.038916125893592834,
0.05973579362034798,
0.0596... |
<p>I have two time series of count data which I believe are correlated. Is there an equivalent to <code>cov()</code> that assumes an overdispersed Poisson rather than a normal distribution? If there is a significance test for this (noting that both series increase over time but that doesn't prove correlation), so muc... | g59599 | [
0.024411387741565704,
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<p>I have two sequences of equal length, like <code>[1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4]</code> and <code>[1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4]</code>. I want to determine the odds that they were generated by the same random variable, or different ones. What is a good statistical test to do this?</p>
<p>The data are not pairwise; nor ar... | g59600 | [
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<p>I am teaching a programming course at the university where I am working. I would like to do a statistical test to see if students marks (exam grades) are significantly better compared to the previous semester (e.g., summer semester vs. winter semester).</p>
<p>There are three exams each semester, and the grades are... | g59601 | [
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<p><a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/34414/specifying-the-linear-predictor-survival-function-and-pdf-of-a-log-normal-survi">Related question</a></p>
<p>I have a project where, despite being able to implement some parametric models in LIFEREG, it is somewhat more convenient to do it in NLMIXED. Verifyin... | g59602 | [
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0.02... |
<p>Is anyone aware of a orthogonal multiple regression library that is implemented in say R, Scipy, Matlab, Octave, etc.? (Or even fortran/C...) If I'm not mistaken, it would not be difficult to write but just wanted to check. </p>
<p>Second question: my actual application is for a multivariate regression case where I... | g59603 | [
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0.01... |
<p>I have some training set data variables $x_1$, $x_2$, $x_3$, $x_4$, and $x_5$ and a response variable $y$.
But these are time series data. So the for the same set of values of $x_1$, $x_2$, $x_3$, $x_4$, and $x_5$ the response variable $y$ may be different in different observations. Can anyone please suggest me how... | g59604 | [
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<p>I have a survey data containing two samples drawing from two populations (or the same population but at different time series). Based on these two samples, I would like to estimate the total and its confidence intervals for each population. Since my sample distributions are highly skewed and both sample sizes are sm... | g525 | [
0.007905852980911732,
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<p>This was an example done in class, However I was sick</p>
<p>An experiment was performed to determine whether the average
nicotine content of brand A cigarette exceeds that of brand B
cigarette by 0.20 milligram. If 50 cigarettes of brand A had a sample
mean of 2.61 milligrams whereas 40 brand B cigarettes had an
a... | g15209 | [
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<p>I am looking for advice and comments that deal with the analysis of ratios and rates. In the field in which I work analysis of ratios in particular is widespread but I have read a few papers that suggest this can be problematic, I am thinking of:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Kronmal, Richard A. 1993. Spurious correlation ... | g15210 | [
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... |
<p>I have a function that I have added noise to. I want to test a few smoothers, but for each smoother I want to minimise MSE. I know the underlying function, so how can I make R automatically choose the bandwidth that minimises the MSE?</p> | g15211 | [
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<p>I am working through past examination questions from the Royal Statistical Society and came across this one from 2009 in Module 5 (<a href="http://www.rss.org.uk/uploadedfiles/documentlibrary/625.pdf" rel="nofollow">Question 2(i)</a> and <a href="http://www.rss.org.uk/uploadedfiles/documentlibrary/624.pdf" rel="nofo... | g59605 | [
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0.01556663028895855,
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... |
<p>When I perform k-fold cross validation, the observations are selected randomly into each fold. This works fine for cross-sectional data. However, when I have panel data (and fit with hierarchical model), does it make sense if the training set has observations that happen before those in the test set?</p> | g59606 | [
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<p>I was wondering if there is any recommendation for a "decent" minimum sample size when estimating the density/distribution/quantiles of a random variable using KDE. Is it always the case that "the more data the better"?</p> | g15213 | [
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0... |
<p>I am not really strong with time series but I have a project I am working on..</p>
<p>I have a problem where I am trying to model a time series of the difference in pressure before and after oil has passed through an oil filter. I am trying to see if this oil filter can go longer without being changed. I also hav... | g15214 | [
0.02058403193950653,
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0.013593851588666439,
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<p>I'm trying to find a reasonable way to measure <strong>retention</strong> of a site (news site). I'm trying to do cohort analysis: I've grouped all visits by year/week, and measured the percent of users that kept coming back in the following weeks.</p>
<p><strong>Clarification</strong>: these users are first-time v... | g59607 | [
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0.034179627895355225,
0.06631004065275192,
... |
<p>I have a large word-frequency matrix (~6m unique words X ~4k documents) and I'm trying to use truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) to project it onto a matrix with fewer dimensions. I know how to get to $[U_{k}, S_{k}, V_{k}']$, but I don't know what to do then.</p>
<p>Each tutorial I find gives me a differ... | g15218 | [
0.020973876118659973,
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... |
<p>What are reasons or references for a statement such as "When you have a lot of data the statistical problem you run into is that even a tiny difference will be statistically significant." I see this quite often and I need references as to why this is true. Any help is appreciated.</p> | g15219 | [
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0.00914... |
<p>I am having difficulty figuring out how to calculate the SEM and report it in a table. I have 5 different time periods, and for those time periods 6 different measures of digestibility for each animal:</p>
<pre><code>horse period adfdig'y ndfdig'y
1 1 45.1 70.2
2 1 ... | g59608 | [
0.00315813347697258,
0.01356907095760107,
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0.020489031448960304,
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0.003898436203598976,
0.027733774855732918,
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0.031072601675987244,
-0.019621916115283966,
0.011328193359076977,
0.06898131221532822,
0.0... |
<p>So I have a series of non-linear equations which I wish to solve as fast as possible, to illustrate for the case of $n = 4$, I have the following equations: </p>
<p>\begin{gather*}
c_0\exp(\lambda_0-1)+f\exp(\lambda_0 + \lambda_1 + \lambda_2 + \lambda_3 + \lambda_4 - 1) = 1 \\
c_1\exp(\lambda_0+\lambda_1-1)+f\exp(\... | g59609 | [
0.004260694608092308,
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0.03307856246829033,
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0.025485651567578316,
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0.0... |
<p>I am running multiple linear regression with R.</p>
<pre><code>mod=lm(varP ~ var1 +var2+var3+var4)
</code></pre>
<p>The table is:</p>
<pre><code>all:
lm(formula = varP ~ var1 + var2 + var3 + var4)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-4.9262 -0.6985 0.0472 0.7319 4.3305
Coefficients:
... | g59610 | [
-0.03234114497900009,
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0.01795145869255066,
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0.07541568577289581,
0.04241650179028511,
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-0.018482821062207222,
-0.04019589722156525,
0.06339164823293686,
0.046857353299856186,
-0.01... |
<p>I have 2 data sets (I have more but for simplicity lets say I have 2). </p>
<pre><code>Data 1
0.15239652
0.145848036
0.175981261
Data 2
0.417902092
0.342696648
0.354871141
</code></pre>
<p>I average these values </p>
<pre><code>Data 1 : 0.158075272
Data 2 : 0.371823294
</code></pre>
<p>Then normalise </p>
<pre... | g15227 | [
0.029296502470970154,
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-0.019766192883253098,
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0.08027135580778122,
0.018691780045628548,
-0.... |
<p>I am trying to forecast data using ARIMA. I have read articles which say that I should first take the log of the series, if my series follows an exponential trend. </p>
<p>My question is: Is there a mathematical approach to find what kind of trend (linear or exponential) my data is following? </p>
<p>Im working wi... | g59611 | [
0.03340890258550644,
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0.001583364442922175,
0.08022770285606384,
0.08899012207984924,
-0.00... |
<p>I'm trying to find the best model based on AIC using the stepwise (<code>direction = both</code>) model selection in R using the stepAIC in MASS package.</p>
<p>This is the script i used: </p>
<pre><code>stepAIC (glmer(decision ~ as.factor(Age) + as.factor(Educ) + as.factor(Child), family=binomial, data=RShifting)... | g59612 | [
-0.013658377341926098,
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0.05367156118154526,
0.04738864302635193,
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-0.034501612186431885,
0.013281835243105888,
0.01648704707622528,
0.09742555767297745,
0.... |
<p>I am reading the lecture note from Cambridge University about Probabilistic Ranking and they claim that the normalized constant has a closed form in the below formula but I could not know how to prove. Would you please help me to handle this relation?</p>
<p>$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \mathcal{... | g49565 | [
-0.020321456715464592,
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0.04206693172454834,
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-0.029391545802354813,
-0.02433709241449833,
0.0770990177989006,
-0.022600082680583,
0.015... |
<p>I have two multivariate normal densities and I parameterise them by the <em>precision</em> matrix (i.e. the inverse covariance matrix). One of them has a sparse precision matrix and the other one has a simple precision matrix form with non-zero elements only along the diagonal matrix. So, we have as follows:</p>
<p... | g59613 | [
-0.0062051150016486645,
-0.06769587844610214,
-0.012161392718553543,
-0.054901547729969025,
0.04055577144026756,
-0.02925420179963112,
0.01413852907717228,
0.01120374072343111,
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0.022525833919644356,
-0.011222928762435913,
0.018314002081751823,
0.029768647626042366,
-... |
<p>I was wondering if it is possible to do symbolic computation in R? </p>
<p>For example, </p>
<p>I was hoping to get the inverse of a symbolic covariance matrix of 3D Gaussian distribution.</p>
<p>Also can I do symbolic integration and differentiation in R?</p>
<p>Thanks and regards!</p> | g59614 | [
0.03746313601732254,
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0.03548013046383858,
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-0... |
<p>Short definition of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boosting_%28machine_learning%29">boosting</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Can a set of weak learners create a single strong learner? A weak
learner is defined to be a classifier which is only slightly
correlated with the true classification (it can label exa... | g59615 | [
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0.009741602465510368,
0.039148297160863876,
... |
<p>The inequality:</p>
<p>$$\Pr(\overline X - \mathrm{E}[\overline X] \geq t) \leq \exp \left( - \frac{2n^2t^2}{\sum_{i=1}^n (b_i - a_i)^2} \right)$$</p>
<p>Is this bound (or any other form of hoeffding) tight in any sense? e.g. does there exist a distribution for which the bound is no more than a constant multiple o... | g59616 | [
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-0.000298767990898340... |
<p>I am interested in solving the following problem </p>
<p>$$ \min_{\boldsymbol{\beta}} \left( \mathbf{y}-\mathbf{X}\boldsymbol{\beta} \right)^T W \left( \mathbf{y}-\mathbf{X}\boldsymbol{\beta} \right) + \lambda \left|\boldsymbol{\beta}\right|_1 $$</p>
<p>$\mathbf{y}$ is the vector of observations for each dataset.<... | g15233 | [
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0.0049757882952690125,
0.02539646252989769,
0.07008422166109085,
0.049548547714948654,
0.0... |
<p>I recall reading that this is a no-no. Makes sense, b/c the pattern/relationship may dramatically change outside of the interval. My question is: Is there a rule for this convention? Interpolation vs. extrapolation? </p>
<p>Like if you have a correlation between auto price to auto mileage, and the range of mil... | g49566 | [
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0.015437544323503971,
0.011842860840260983,
0.01758... |
<p>Can someone help me in understanding Sequential signed rank test? how do we relate sequential test with signed ranking test and how do we decide H0 and H1 in SSRT?</p> | g59617 | [
-0.006618463899940252,
0.004274790175259113,
0.021511752158403397,
0.04351126775145531,
0.015330014750361443,
-0.04668089747428894,
0.02763957343995571,
0.07526054978370667,
-0.0028268469031900167,
-0.02436782792210579,
-0.048341333866119385,
0.052472855895757675,
-0.01758601702749729,
-0.... |
<p>How can I check the linear independence of my variables?</p>
<p>I have this system $Ax=b$ where A is a $N\times 4$ matrix.</p>
<p>I want to check the linear independence between the 4 variables in matrix $A$. </p> | g59618 | [
0.0137191042304039,
-0.026733025908470154,
0.002194124273955822,
-0.0026292356196790934,
-0.037490468472242355,
-0.07110901176929474,
-0.014639504253864288,
0.0188194140791893,
-0.010169994086027145,
0.002980327932164073,
-0.005434355698525906,
0.04779023304581642,
-0.07414113730192184,
0.... |
<p>Is there a article/textbook that treats probability distributions on functions just like basic textbooks cover the classical distributions for scalar variables?</p>
<p>Suppose the random function $f$ has a gaussian process distribution with some mean function $m$ and covariance function $w$. I know how to generate ... | g37519 | [
0.04073382169008255,
-0.04658754914999008,
-0.012011813931167126,
-0.04443371668457985,
-0.008799794130027294,
0.03590497747063637,
-0.008593077771365643,
0.04953640326857567,
-0.039250098168849945,
-0.04658014327287674,
-0.009539549238979816,
0.042202893644571304,
0.08667807281017303,
-0.... |
<p>After gathering valuable feedback from previous questions and discussions, I have came up with the following question: Suppose that the goal is to detect effect differences across two groups, male vs. female for example. There are two ways to do it:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>running two separate regressions for the two group... | g21718 | [
0.017454950138926506,
-0.014479892328381538,
0.0063040293753147125,
-0.045441873371601105,
0.01962663233280182,
0.024941250681877136,
0.03480612486600876,
0.0013607913861051202,
-0.03960825130343437,
-0.004032693337649107,
0.01138162799179554,
0.051871851086616516,
0.014841214753687382,
0.... |
<p>Suppose we have two finite discrete probability distributions, say $A$ and $B$. For some event $e$ in both $A$ and $B$, $f_A(e) = \frac{P_A(e)}{P_A(e) + P_B(e)}$ and $f_B(e) = \frac{P_B(e)}{P_A(e) + P_B(e)}$. Does this have a name?</p> | g45314 | [
0.06355387717485428,
-0.014042492024600506,
0.0175346527248621,
-0.02412942796945572,
0.05520319938659668,
-0.0482298769056797,
-0.02921479381620884,
0.020700370892882347,
-0.009492236189544201,
-0.06309632956981659,
-0.014494335278868675,
-0.013228796422481537,
0.04226333647966385,
-0.034... |
<p>Given a distribution $f(x_i,y_i;\alpha,\beta)$ and joint probability function $F(x_1,...,x_N,y_1,...,y_N;\alpha, \beta)$</p>
<p>The first order derivatives are $\frac{\partial F}{\partial \alpha}$ and $\frac{\partial F}{\partial \beta}$ </p>
<p>Is the first order condition </p>
<blockquote>
<p>$\frac{\partial ... | g59619 | [
0.05189802125096321,
0.01191477756947279,
0.004066246561706066,
0.009122255258262157,
0.0851120799779892,
-0.06995217502117157,
0.005358455237001181,
0.0010856371372938156,
-0.07204453647136688,
-0.009917664341628551,
-0.032968781888484955,
0.010841328650712967,
-0.028895080089569092,
0.03... |
<p>While checking to see whether two variables were correlated, I observed that applying Pearson correlation yielded numbers as low as 0.1 indicating no correlation. Is there anything I can do to strengthen this claim?</p>
<p>The dataset (subset because of the posting limits) I am looking at is this:</p>
<pre><code>6... | g59620 | [
0.02150915190577507,
-0.05155661329627037,
0.022433463484048843,
-0.11804377287626266,
0.03520994633436203,
-0.039440955966711044,
0.10879240185022354,
-0.00455915741622448,
-0.04538211226463318,
-0.05278158560395241,
-0.005444864276796579,
0.059244852513074875,
0.027525069192051888,
-0.00... |
<p>I have carried out simple linear regression and I am now checking the models meets the assumption of homogeneity of variance:</p>
<p>• am I correct in concluding that the Levenes tests which gave a p<0.05 indicates a violation of homogeneity of variance?</p>
<p>• some models contain 2 or 3 explanatory variables... | g28450 | [
0.04011791944503784,
-0.05387211591005325,
0.014691753312945366,
-0.04940704256296158,
0.05624569579958916,
0.01877480000257492,
0.016099844127893448,
0.01716914027929306,
-0.05925248563289642,
0.0106120640411973,
0.010716985911130905,
0.011148947291076183,
-0.028041811659932137,
0.0260922... |
<p>Can the terms LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) and GDA (Gaussian Discriminant Analysis) be used interchangeably?
Do they often refer to the same thing?</p> | g44574 | [
0.0270267091691494,
-0.03849171847105026,
0.020528892055153847,
-0.08942264318466187,
-0.004265189170837402,
-0.011801271699368954,
0.022987576201558113,
-0.016070326790213585,
-0.02454138547182083,
-0.03347643092274666,
0.013245431706309319,
0.05691857635974884,
0.07085473835468292,
-0.00... |
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