question stringlengths 37 38.8k | group_id stringlengths 2 6 | sentence_embeddings listlengths 768 768 |
|---|---|---|
<p>I have a PGM as described by the attached diagram.</p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/t8LSK.png" alt="Graphical model"></p>
<p>$y$ is observed and I want to infer the joint posterior distribution as given by $P(w,\lambda, \phi |y)$. Distribution on $w$ is modelled using a multivariate 0 mean with a covarian... | g64236 | [
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<p>Advice?</p>
<p>I ran a Kruskal-Wallis H test in SPSS and have a lot of variables to report for a paper for publication in APA format with limited word count. Can I show all the paired comparisons in a table? (the independent variable has 4 groups, the dependent variable has 5 groups; that`s a lot of statistics). If... | g64237 | [
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<p>I am having trouble with a series of system tests in which each test is assumed to be a normal approximations of binomial distribution. Each test sample, n, is a Bernoulli ("success", "failure") trial of the system. Each system test has approximately 550 IID observations. Each has a lifetime that may vary between ... | g64238 | [
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<p>Why did the normal distribution become such a popular (important) distribution? I know one reason is because of CLT. Can you please give more reasons? </p> | g64239 | [
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<p>This is my first question on CrossValidated and I'm not a professional statistician (although I am trained in theoretical probability) so please be indulgent.</p>
<p>I have data of the form $(X_i, Y_i, K_i)_{1 \leq i \leq n}$ where $X_i,Y_i$ are 1-dimensional continuous variables and $K_i$ is categorical (ordinal ... | g22275 | [
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<p>Given a graph which is the product of an equation, we can meaningfully calculate any points that solve the equation, and consequently, also a line that goes through the points. The line, at any of its points, is the answer.</p>
<p>But what about measures like "number of cars per hour / parking lot." Does it make se... | g18754 | [
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<p>my name is vincenzo and i have that type of problem with zinb that you intorduce in this discussion (<a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/54898/zip-converges-but-zinb-does-not-should-i-drop-this-model">ZIP converges but ZINB does not. Should I drop this model?</a>): the iterations continues to be not co... | g64240 | [
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<p>I want to perform phylogenetic comparative analysis on a multilevel (3 level) categorical response variable, preferentially in R. Does anyone know how to do that or if there is a way to do at least?</p>
<p>Thanks very much in advance!</p>
<p>Best wishes,
Jasmine</p> | g7398 | [
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<p>A colleague of mine has asked me for help on this problem, but I am confused with it as well, the main question he asked me was that the chi-square result he was getting was very high.</p>
<p>He conducted a survey, and among other questions, one of them is a question which has 8 sub-questions about certain processe... | g64241 | [
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<p>Suppose I run A/B testing with two variants on my website and track multiple conversion goals (e.g. goal a: post a comment, goal b: click facebook like button). To make it simple for now, a conversion goal is a binominial variable that can take a value of either 0 or 1.</p>
<p>The system I use for capturing the res... | g64242 | [
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<p>I came across this distribution in a computer game and wanted to learn more about its behaviour. It comes from the decision as to whether a certain event should occur after a given number of player actions. The details beyond this aren't relevant. It seems applicable to other situations, and I found it interestin... | g40621 | [
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<p>I am using R (and the arules package) to mining transactions for association rules. What I wish to do is construct the rules and then apply them to new data. </p>
<p>For example, say I have many rules, one of which is the canonical <code>{Beer=YES} -> {Diapers=YES}</code>. </p>
<p>Then I have new transactional ... | g46161 | [
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<p>What's the name of the theorem that tells us that the total area under any probability density function, discrete or continuous, equals 1?</p>
<p>My stats book actually <em>defines</em> a PDF by requiring that
$$\sum_{x}f(x)=1\quad\text{or}\quad\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f(x)=1$$</p>
<p>In other words, $f(x)$ is a PDF... | g64243 | [
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<p>I would like to generate samples from a support vector machine, with a Gaussian kernel and a fixed <code>C</code> and <code>sigma</code>? For examples <code>(x1,x2)</code> and corresponding class label <code>y</code></p>
<p>Effectively I would like to generate a dataset such that I know a <code>C</code> and <code>s... | g43692 | [
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<p>I have a data set which has data about 1 million people. Data about each person consists of a 'Score' and about 100 features (each of which refers to some characteristic of the person - example - age, location, ethnicity, level of education, access to internet, etc. etc. )</p>
<p>I want to find the clusters/pockets... | g64244 | [
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<p>The <code>psych</code> package in R has a <code>fa.parallel</code> function to help determine the number of factors or components. From the documentation:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>One way to determine the number of factors or components in a data
matrix or a correlation matrix is to examine the “scree" plot of the
... | g64245 | [
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<p>When you're fitting a model $y=f(x)$ to data (${x_i, y_i}$) with errorbars on both the independent ($x$) and response ($y$) variables, it's standard that you can define an 'effective variance' when calculating the chi-squared</p>
<p>$$(\delta y_i)^2 + \left(\delta x_i \left(\frac{df}{dx}\right)_{x=x_i} \right)^2$$<... | g64246 | [
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<p>Minimizing sum of squares for scale and location estimation is optimum wrt efficiency for normal distributions, and doing so but using the sum of absolute values is maximum likelihood estimation scheme for the Laplace distribution, i.e. for having stronger exponential tails.
The Huber estimator is switching smoothly... | g64247 | [
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<p>I am purposely keeping this question vague since this has happened to me with multiple datasets. I have a DV and a few IV then several controls, and all looks fine. Then I add one more controls and the output of my OLS looks the same BUT I see the following</p>
<pre><code>F(X, Y) = .
Prob > F = .
</code></pre>
... | g64248 | [
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<p>Assume you have much more variables than samples and you want to reduce the number of variables (because you think some of them are redundant). The natural approach to do this is PCA, but is it possible to apply clustering algorithms where you consider the features as samples and try to regroup them? If so: is there... | g64249 | [
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<p>For $i=1, \ldots, K$ and $j=1, \ldots,n$, assume the following model.
\begin{align}\label{model}
X_{ij} \mid \mu_i & \sim N(\mu_i, \sigma^2) \nonumber \\
\mu_i \mid \sigma^2 & \sim N(\mu_0, \sigma^2/\kappa_0) \nonumber \\
\sigma^2 & \sim Inv-\chi^2(\nu_0, \sigma^2_0)
\end{align}
We assume everything is ... | g64250 | [
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<p>I am looking for a statistical test that assesses if two samples which have binary values come from the same source or from different ones.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<p>I have one set that has 10 0s and 6 1s and another set which has 50 0s and 29 1s. I would like to test the two sets from belonging from the same source ... | g64251 | [
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<p>If pymc.numpy.random.seed(0) guarantee the same random number sequence to initialize a stochastic variable (say a Uniform distribution), why does its posterior samples (from trace plot) don't have the same values for multiple runs with the same seed=0 ? </p>
<p>Is there any internal random seed encoded in the pymc ... | g64252 | [
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<p>I have been working in <code>R</code> with nonlinear models such us:</p>
<p>$Y = \alpha_{0}\text{(varia)} + \alpha_{1}\text{Time}\text{(varia)} + \alpha_{2}\sin(\frac{2\pi\text{Time}}{\alpha_{3}}) + \alpha_{4}(-1^{\text{Time}})$</p>
<p>And I would line whether a Bernoulli variable affects to the $\alpha_{1}\text{T... | g22285 | [
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<p>I'm running a calibration experiment for an instrument that measures soil moisture content. I have 6 buckets filled with different soils that I weigh daily and at the same time take a measurement with the soil moisture probe.</p>
<p>I now have 6 different XY linear models all with different slopes/intercepts/R2 etc... | g64253 | [
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<p>If I have two sets of random samples and I'd like to test whether there is some difference or not between them (or if one is better than the other) I'd test the null hypothesis
$H_0: \mu_1 = \mu_2$ with a one-tailed test. So if it turns out that the null hypothesis is rejected on some significance level I could say... | g22286 | [
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<p>Nowadays I am trying to understand LDA. I have read a lot but something is missing. </p>
<p>For instance, when I have a vector with three different variables (buy order, sell order, volume) respectively: [14,34,23] And have over 12 Million records per each customer. </p>
<p>I want to profile them by using LDA. Ho... | g64254 | [
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<p>What do I do when the normal approximation is not valid?</p>
<p>Here's the question I'm trying to answer:</p>
<p>A student guesses all 15 answers on a multiple-choice test. There are 5 choices for each of the questions. Find the probability (correct to 6 decimal places) that the student passes the test.</p>
<p>th... | g22287 | [
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<p>Let $x$ have an exponential density $p(x|\theta) = \theta e^{-\theta x} \text{ if }x \ge 0;\quad 0 \text{ otherwise.}$</p>
<p>a) Plot $p(x|\theta)$ <em>versus</em> $x$ for $\theta = 1$. Plot $p(x|\theta)$ <em>versus</em> $\theta$, $(0\le \theta \le 5)$ for $x = 2.$</p>
<p>How would I do this?</p> | g22289 | [
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<p>I am using random forest on high-dimensional grouped data (50 numeric input variables) which have a hierachical structure, since the data have been collected with 6 replications at 30 positions of 70 different objects resulting in 12600 data points which are not independent. </p>
<p>It seems random forest is over... | g22292 | [
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... |
<p>I am looking for a viable method to create an alphabet out of multidimensional time series data. My intention is to use pattern/string matching algorithms (potentially genetic) to find profitable patterns.</p>
<p>Extra points if I can do this in R.</p>
<p>Any ideas? </p> | g37441 | [
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<p>I used <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIRCH_%28data_clustering%29">BIRCH</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis#Agglomerative_hierarchical_clustering">HAC</a> to do clustering on my data.</p>
<p>I want to now what type of information I can include in reports that my users can generate... | g22293 | [
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0.0... |
<p>Consider the model in spatial econometrics denoted SAR by James P LeSage:</p>
<p>$y = \rho W y + X \beta+ \epsilon$</p>
<p>I use the <code>R</code> package <code>spdep</code> and the econometric toolbox by LeSage from <a href="http://www.spatial-econometrics.com" rel="nofollow">www.spatial-econometrics.com</a>. Ho... | g64255 | [
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<p>I currently am conducting a study where I have three variables: one that is binary, and two numerical ratio variables. Each of the subjects in my study has values for each of the three variables. </p>
<p>Variables: </p>
<ul>
<li>Condition (binary): Values 0 and 1</li>
<li>Pre (ratio)</li>
<li>Post (ratio)</li>
</... | g64256 | [
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<p>I have a data on methylated gene expression which follows a bimodal distribution. Can I use a multivariate outlier analysis to detect differentially methylated genes? What are the various methods of doing this and what assumptions come with them? I know similar analyses have been used in analyzing gene expression da... | g64257 | [
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<p>My original thought was “post hoc” in a post hoc multiple comparison procedure means that the procedure is taken after an omnibus test (such as ANOVA F test) gives a significant result.</p>
<p>But after reading Howell's <em>Statistical Methods for Psychology</em>, “post hoc” in a post hoc multiple comparison proced... | g18866 | [
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<p>I have a dataset about a population in hospital, and what type of infections patients have.</p>
<p>Let say the number of patients is 100, 10 of them have pneumonia <code>(group A)</code>, 20 of them have urinary tract infection <code>(group B)</code>; keep in mind that group A and B can be overlapping, that is a pa... | g22301 | [
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<p>I'm looking at the effect defeat and entrapment inducing conditions have on subjective ratings of defeat and entrapment at three different time points (among other things). </p>
<p>However the subjective ratings are not normally distributed. I've done several transformations and the squareroot transformation seems ... | g64258 | [
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<p>Which statistical model is appropriate when the response is continuous and the predictors are a mix of continuous and categorical? What is the disadvantage in using GLM combined with gaussian family?</p>
<p>Here is my dataset and model in <code>R</code>:</p>
<pre><code>df <- structure(list(as.factor.pred. = str... | g64259 | [
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<p>I have a automated measurement system which measures the volume of particles. In our case it is known that the distribution of the volume particles follow the lognormal distribution. But under some circumstances this assumption can be violated (errors during the image recording etc). These cases should be recorded. ... | g64260 | [
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<p>I have had enough courses on statistics during my school years and at the university. I have a fair understanding of the concepts, such as, CI, p-values, interpreting statistical significance, multiple testing, correlation, simple linear regression (with least squares) (general linear models), and all tests of hypo... | g22305 | [
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0.043440621346235275,
0.01818852499127388,
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<p>There is the notion of Generalized RBF Kernels, for example in
"Towards Optimal Bag-of-Features for Object Categorization and Semantic Video Retrieval" from Jiang (1) or in formula (2.72) in <a href="http://agbs.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/lwk/sections/section23.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://agbs.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/lwk/sect... | g324 | [
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0.0031248582527041435,
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... |
<p><strong>Background:</strong> I have two random variables - height and weight. We often estimate correlation between them based on random sample of individuals. However, what would happen if I took only one individual and measured his weight and height in many points in time. </p>
<p><strong>Questions:</strong> What... | g64261 | [
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<p>I would like to estimate parameters of lognormal distribution having only two values: expected value and 0.95 quantile. What do you recommend? Thanks!</p> | g64262 | [
0.003939502872526646,
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0.014629415236413479,
0.028523756191134453... |
<p>I am working with a model where the literature suggests there is potential endogeneity between the dependent variable and the primary independent variable of interest (a binary treatment). However, there is a logical argument that selection may be made into the treatment across the spectrum of the continuous depend... | g64263 | [
-0.005657107103615999,
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0.009814401157200336,
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... |
<p>I am making a study guide for a statistics test at the end of the summer semester. My professor went through some stuff that will be on the test. There is one type of question that I just don't understand. It gives you a p-value and asks you to retain or reject the null hypothesis, for example:</p>
<pre><code>For p... | g18925 | [
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0.03727402538061142,
0.032287586480379105,
0.04... |
<p>I have a two large lists and I want to compute the p-value that they are similar. The similarity algorithm is a black-box, but for this application we will trust it gives accurate p-values. My problem is my list is too large and the algorithm won't give answers for them. However, I think that if I take a smaller ... | g64264 | [
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... |
<p>Non-statisticians can be easily misled by the phrase "missing at random". Their natural interpretation tends to be closer to MCAR than to MAR.</p>
<p>I had to explain the concept to an ecologist today, and his reaction was something along the lines of "But why on Earth would you call it that?".</p>
<p>I must admi... | g64265 | [
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0.07716657221317291,
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0.06898326426744461,
0.04... |
<p>What are some good papers describing <em>applications</em> of statistics that would be fun and informative to read? Just to be clear, I'm not really looking for papers describing new statistical methods (e.g., a paper on least angle regression), but rather papers describing how to solve real-world problems.</p>
<p>... | g41829 | [
0.03481011837720871,
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0.015492291189730167,
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0.001545243663713336,
0.02480233460664749,
0.005326732527464628,
0.06960373371839523,
-0... |
<p>I have a dataset of 113 variables. In exploratory analysis the first thing I want to know is what are the most important factors on a single variable (revenue). I learned that naive Bayes would work, but I do not know how. </p>
<p>I am using <code>e1071</code> package and coded according to the example:</p>
<pr... | g64266 | [
0.005346378777176142,
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0.004090296104550362,
0.03750791773200035,
0.028835035860538483,
0.06474453210830688,
0.0719... |
<p>We have a large number of samples whose concentration we measure twice, averaging the two values. Typically, the coefficient of variation (cv) for each sample is < 5%, but for a few samples the cv is high. We assume that in these cases something went wrong with one or both concentration measurements. We can affor... | g41831 | [
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0.002458187285810709,
0.008723568171262741,
0.04415141046047211,
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0.026912746950984,
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0.03787842020392418,
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0.000... |
<p>Following a previous <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/8899/several-questions-about-conditional-probability">question</a>, lets say we now have 3 variables:</p>
<p>$L$, $B$, $S$:</p>
<pre><code> S
/ \
L B
</code></pre>
<p>So
$L$ depends on $S$
$B$ depends on $S$</p>
<p>$P(S) =$ 0.... | g64267 | [
0.03915604576468468,
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0.0022328547202050686,
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0.03180629014968872,
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0.03320983797311783,
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0.05777844041585922,
0.019224684685468674,
0.032... |
<p>I have two independent groups who travel with different modes. I want to compare the distance traveled (which is a continuous variable) by different modes for these two groups. How do I compare them in SPSS? My sample size is small: each group has only 32 observations.</p>
<hr>
<p>Sorry, I am a newbie in stats. H... | g64268 | [
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-... |
<p>I went to a stats course refresher last week and the instructor talked about data distribution and sampling distribution. I am just practicing with the exercises shown in class.
Based on my dataset below,
For the data in Week2, what can I explain about the ‘data distribution’. and the ‘sampling distribution’ of the... | g22319 | [
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0.06997203081846237,
-... |
<p>I have some trouble with the evaluation of a classification model in Rapidminer. </p>
<p>I train a naive bayes and svm model by using a split validation (first training of naive bayes, then application of the model and evaluation by the performance operator). The result is one performance window with the results of... | g64269 | [
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-0.004827046766877174,
0.009872954338788986,
0.05086130276322365,
0.03534255549311638,
0.049... |
<p>I am working on a classification problem with the following characteristics:</p>
<ul>
<li>Individuals belong to one of three groups. The groups are "somewhat ordinal": controls, subclinical and clinical group.</li>
<li>Each individual is measured five times on each predictor. These are technical replicates taken at... | g64270 | [
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0.008844361640512943,
0.018710775300860405,
0.03287505358457565,
0.0410580113530159,
0.0047479295... |
<p>I have seen formulas that either sum or subtract entropy values (eg Information Gain). However, I have not seen a "multiplication/division of entropy values" anywhere. I would like to know if there is any formula/theorem that multiplies/divides entropy values. Additionally, I would like to know if there is any mathe... | g64271 | [
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<p>Does the ICC require that my data are normally distributed?</p>
<p>If more information about my data is needed, just ask.</p> | g64272 | [
0.001385825453326106,
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0... |
<p>I want to compute predicted survivor function for a Cox proportional hazards
model with frailty terms [using survival package]. It appears that when
frailty terms are in the model, the predicted survivor function cannot be
computed.</p>
<pre><code>## Example
require(survival)
data(rats)
## Create fake weight
set.... | g64273 | [
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0.016485976055264473,
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0.023829855024814606,
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0.0424003042280674,
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0.023853451013565063,
0.09677549451589584,
-0.... |
<p>The following graph shows the ACF (sample autocorrelation function) and PACF (partial autocorrelation function) of the residuals in a linear regression. There is a sinusoidal decay in the ACF and two spikes at lag 1 and 4 in the PACF. Considering the spike at lag 4, can we still assume AR(1) for these residuals? I s... | g64274 | [
0.050974439829587936,
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0.009087626822292805,
0.10137002915143967,
0.03506188467144966,
-... |
<p>Suppose all the simple correlations between $x_i$ and $x_j$ are $r$ for all $i,j=1,2,\dots,p, i\neq j.p>8$. Find the partial correlation coefficient $r_{1p.2468}.$</p>
<p>By definition, $$r_{1p.2468}=\frac{cov(e_{1.2468},e_{p.2468})}{\sqrt{var(e_{1.2468})}\sqrt{var(e_{p.2468})}}$$
how can I find $cov(e_{1.2468},... | g64275 | [
0.04577910155057907,
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0.05231199413537979,
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0.011594489216804504,
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-0.05560655519366264,
0.017500514164566994,
-0.01982155069708824,
0.0... |
<p>I'm revising for an exam and have no idea how to approach this question:</p>
<p>Let $\{N_t\}_{t\geq 0}$ be a homogeneous Poisson process of parameter $\lambda > 0$. Let $\{X_k\}_{k\geq 0}$ be a sequence of random variables, identically independently distributed, with $E[X_k] = 0$ and $Var[X_k] = \sigma^2 < +\... | g22322 | [
0.03408548980951309,
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0.010815229266881943,
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0.013685154728591442,
-0.07660722732543945,
0.04189227521419525,
-0.0238743107765913,
0.00434... |
<p>Briefly, my study ($n=188$) consists of using PCA on a 111-item questionnaire claiming to have 21 different disorders (factors). I did a MAP test (Velicer's Minimum Average Partial test) to decide on the number of factors to extract (it said 16), followed by PCA with varimax rotation. Using .4 as minimum loading. Th... | g64276 | [
-0.011342113837599754,
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0.0007538346690125763,
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0.007502580992877483,
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0.055752940475940704,
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0.0471821054816246,
0.02434999868273735,
0.01145132351666689,
-0.0578... |
<ol>
<li><p>I know there are three types of averaging methods in statistics: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean" rel="nofollow">Mean</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_%28statistics%29" rel="nofollow">Mode</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median" rel="nofollow">Median</a>. Are there an... | g22324 | [
0.021976616233587265,
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0.02155662141740322,
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-0.043558262288570404,
0.07000751793384552,
-0.036050815135240555,
0.09631744772195816,
0... |
<p>I'm having a bit of a problem with Stata syntax. I need to do the following regression:</p>
<p>$$y = ax + bz + c(xz) + e$$</p>
<p>where both $x$ and $z$ are instrumented and also the interaction term $xz$ uses the instrumented values of $x$ and $z$. </p>
<p>Just generating the predicted values for $x$ and $z$ and... | g64277 | [
0.05230923742055893,
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0.04061836004257202,
0.02396029233932495,
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-0.0235621128231287,
0.013353627175092697,
0.06278900057077408,
-0.005330342333763838,
0.0115... |
<p>Scikit-learn has function to evaluate the F-statistics for univariate feature importance <a href="http://scikit-learn.org/dev/modules/generated/sklearn.feature_selection.f_classif.html#sklearn.feature_selection.f_classif" rel="nofollow">feature selection</a>. According to the web page they are calculating ANOVA F va... | g64278 | [
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-0.012254748493432999,
0.007690818049013615,
0.03462305665016174,
0.07263532280921936,
0.0286... |
<p>I would like to apply the Kalman filter in order to get a causal Hodrick-Prescott filter.
The Hodrick-Prescott filter models a time series $(y_t)_{t=0}^T$ as
$$
y_t = \tau_t + c_t
$$
where $\tau_t$ is a trend component and $c_t$ is a cyclical component.</p>
<p>This <a href="http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/stat-data/c... | g47790 | [
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0.028817787766456604,
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0.05077497661113739,
0... |
<p>If I have only $\mathrm{Var}(X)$, how can I calculate $\mathrm{Var}(\frac{1}{X})$?</p>
<p>I do not have any information about the distribution of $X$, so I cannot use transformation, or any other methods which use the probability distribution of $X$. </p> | g64279 | [
0.01542966440320015,
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0.02... |
<p>My question is related to the discussion that take place in <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/33709/interpreting-the-regression-output-from-a-mixed-model-when-interactions-between">this post</a>. The question is: how can I compute the expected values of conditions GroupB/Cond2 and GroupB/Cond3 in tha... | g34862 | [
0.00008842170791467652,
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0.01578628458082676,
-0... |
<p><em>(Prompted to some extent by the answers already given by Shane and Srikant, I've rewritten this to try to clarify what I'm getting at, if only to myself.)</em></p>
<p>Suppose we have several similar systems, each with behaviour that approximates a continuous time Markov process. That is, there are some number o... | g64280 | [
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0.008277558721601963,
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0.... |
<p>I'm learning about machine learning using Python's library scikit learn, and in their <a href="http://scikit-learn.github.io/scikit-learn-tutorial/general_concepts.html#handling-categorical-features" rel="nofollow">tutorial here</a> they mentioned about a categorical variable <code>color</code> which can have values... | g22327 | [
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0.007723973132669926,
0.0005688592791557312,
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0.08319862931966782,
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0.031444061547517776,
0.06203930079936981,
0.06037738919258118,
0.093114... |
<p>I would like to know if it makes any logical sense to perform principal component analysis (PCA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the same data set. I have heard professionals expressly recommend: </p>
<ol>
<li>Understand what the goal of analysis is and choose PCA or EFA for the data analysis</li>
<li>Havi... | g34864 | [
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0.014084945432841778,
0.018... |
<p>I had a question about interpreting the graphs generated by plot(lm) in R. I was wondering if you guys could tell me how to interpret the scale-location and leverage-residual plots? Any comments would be appreciated. Assume basic knowledge of statistics, regression and econometrics.</p> | g64281 | [
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<p>Consider $n\cdot m$ independent draws from cdf $F(x)$, which is defined over 0-1, where $n$ and $m$ are integers. Arbitrarily group the draws into $n$ groups with m values in each group. Look at the minimum value in each group. Take the group that has the greatest of these minima. Now, what is the distribution t... | g22338 | [
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<p>I am a middle school teacher. My district prides itself on having the kids take 3 tests during the year to predict their score, and my teaching, on "the real test" at the end of the year. My question: Is this practice even real? Or is the district fooling themselves in thinking these numbers mean more than what they... | g64282 | [
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... |
<p>I have training arff file, and also I have instances data at hand. Now I want to add the instances data onto another file, called test file, and this test file has the same relation header and attribute with previous training file. How to realize that?</p> | g22339 | [
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0.009312453679740429,
-0.03... |
<p>I'am getting more and more familiar with this kind of model (and others models too).
I'm now used to fit this model with my data (rmgarch package in R).</p>
<p>How is it done ? What is the theory behind parameters estimators ?</p>
<p>I think about a maximum likelihood process, but I would like a confirmation and p... | g22340 | [
0.033778268843889236,
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0.03293890878558159,
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0.04011176526546478,
0.0302... |
<p>in my thesis i had a significant interaction effect between two variables and their main effect is insignificant.
A variable had a p-value of 0.636
B variable had a p-value of 0.219
A*B had a p-value of 0.022
A is employee training practices, B is Autonomy, and the response is explicit knowledge creation. my thesis ... | g49515 | [
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0.01059888955205679,
0.03412434086203575,
0.01231... |
<p>I need your help.
In experiment I have measured the grow of one plant on 40 locations. At one location different number of plants were measured, but always the same species. The distribution of response variable is log-normal. I wanted to show the distribution in the post but it is not possible because I'm new user ... | g19146 | [
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0.029447002336382866,
0.036928530782461166... |
<p>I am using forecast() package in R to predict future values. I have a time series data
for approx 6-7 years.</p>
<p>First, I split the data into training set and test
set. Test set contained values of the last 12 months of original data. Then, applied ets() and auto.arima() on the training set. This can be done by ... | g64283 | [
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0.0729600265622139,
0.033368922770023346,
0.04120190814137459,
0.0... |
<p>Given a variable $X \sim N(\mu, \Sigma)$ </p>
<p>What is the density of $X$ given $HX = d$,<br>
$H$ and $d$ both constant</p>
<p>I.e. we observe $X$ with rank-deficient linear operator $H$ and obtain some value $d$. Given this knowledge how do we update our knowledge/distribution of $X$?</p>
<p>This is just one o... | g49314 | [
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0.03541688621044159,
0.0644068717956543,
0.0... |
<p>When I'm dealing with time-series data I'm generally thinking about visualizing that data with a bar graph (small n) or a line plot (large n). For example, I might create something like the below:</p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/au0Li.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>However, is there any ... | g64284 | [
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0.01880350150167942,
0.12499887496232986,
-... |
<p>I am dealing with data which is generated by a complex process, which I elaborate below; I am trying to answer one or more of the following questions- a) what is the right literature to look for previous work addressing my problem b) has someone solved my problem already c) if this problem is novel (which I personal... | g677 | [
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0.0005569645436480641,
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... |
<p>I'm attempting to dig out some metrics that look at how reliably clients connect to a service.</p>
<p>The raw data is in the form of "client A, came online|offline at time X". The connection is highly unreliable, and I want some type of moving average to show whether the connection is improving or not over time. Cl... | g64285 | [
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0.01288876123726368,
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0.01084806863218546,
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<p>In an article I'm reading the probability of an observed point falling in bin i is written as:</p>
<p>$P_i=\frac{m_i}{\sum\limits_j m_j}$</p>
<p>where $m_i$ is the number of <strong>model</strong> points in bin i.
Then, the <strong>cumulative probability</strong> of obtaining the entire data set $n_i$ is written a... | g22347 | [
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0.03860294446349144,
0.00024... |
<p>The Wikipedia entry for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function" rel="nofollow">Probability Density Function</a> states that the PDF "describes the relative likelihood for this random variable to take on a given value." Two questions: </p>
<ol>
<li><p>Does that mean that the ratio of two ... | g64286 | [
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0.02037634328007698,
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0.07924676686525345,
-0... |
<p>We have performed a microarray screening of about 200 samples. In each sample we measure about 100 different variables. For technical reasons the screening of these 200 samples was divided into two batches with a couple of weeks interval between them. When all the data has been collected, I have performed principle ... | g41873 | [
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0.08151056617498398,
0.051841817796230316,
0.01501444447785616,
0.0... |
<p>In a particular application I was in need of machine learning (I know the things I studied in my undergraduate course). I used Support Vector Machines and got the problem solved. Its working fine.</p>
<p>Now I need to improve the system. Problems here are</p>
<ol>
<li><p>I get additional training examples every we... | g64287 | [
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0.02480420656502247,
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0.012409573420882225,
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0.04861115664243698,
0.052263934165239334,
0... |
<p>I am doing a time series regression between 2 variables. I used the dynlm library in R. I'm trying to understand how to interpret the results. </p>
<p>Could you please point out where I am getting it wrong: </p>
<p>1) The R squared seems very low -- this indicates a weak linear relationship. Or too many outliers. ... | g64288 | [
0.004333785269409418,
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0.019417596980929375,
0.024171167984604836,
-0.01859203353524208,
... |
<p>is there any theoretical result which says that use the minimum of the cross-validation as value for the lasso penalty is a good choice?</p>
<p>I would like something like $P(S_0 \subset \hat S_{lasso}(\lambda_{cv}))\rightarrow 1$ where $S_0$ is the set of true variable.</p>
<p>Where can I find it?</p> | g64289 | [
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0.05706420913338661,
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0.05444580689072609,
0.06366148591041565,
0.0... |
<p>While learning frequentist linear regressions, one thing the professors always talked about was about the <em>number of degrees of freedom</em>, I never saw this expression in a bayesian book though. Perhaps because bayesian methods don't need this number to infer things like variance and such?</p>
<p>My question i... | g64290 | [
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0.013943771831691265,
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-0.0... |
<p>I have a data.frame with 18 columns all of which are categorical variables containing the same factors e.g. "a", "b", "c". What I would like to produce is a matrix which is 18x18 and contains the proportion/percentage agreement between each column and the rest of the others.</p>
<p>For example:-
Input:</p>
<pre><... | g64291 | [
0.024647580459713936,
-0.012449793517589569,
0.002516672248020768,
-0.10971002280712128,
0.028287218883633614,
-0.06430076062679291,
0.042061906307935715,
-0.047236889600753784,
-0.06850603967905045,
-0.01575998030602932,
-0.002302945125848055,
-0.02409735694527626,
0.04511437192559242,
-0... |
<p>I currently have a problem understanding the syntax for R for fitting a GLM using the Gamma distribution. </p>
<p>I have a set of data, where each row contains 3 co-variates ($X_1, X_2, X_3$), a response variable ($Y$), and a shape parameter ($K$). I want to model the scale of the Gamma distribution as a linear fun... | g64292 | [
0.02904152125120163,
-0.0008021579124033451,
-0.013392130844295025,
-0.05511971935629845,
0.025946494191884995,
-0.00029988453024998307,
-0.00554689671844244,
-0.012659473344683647,
-0.07731427252292633,
0.0023748809471726418,
0.02002369612455368,
-0.019259294494986534,
0.038192883133888245,... |
<p>I am struggling on panel data in R. I detected some serial correlation within my data, and now I would like to detect some pattern within it.</p>
<p>There are 166 observations and 34 variables and the data looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>id 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 ... 2007
5 10 10 10 ... | g64293 | [
0.01634649559855461,
-0.023317907005548477,
0.004143472295254469,
-0.09849440306425095,
-0.02022281102836132,
-0.03684798255562782,
0.06903799623250961,
0.0026757479645311832,
-0.01835363730788231,
-0.06344892084598541,
0.023104889318346977,
0.04276282340288162,
0.022198358550667763,
0.004... |
<p>I have written a function (in R-language) to perform a Theil-Sen regression with large sample approximation (please see below). It seems to work well for the one-sided case as illustrated in Hollander & Wolfe (2nd Edition Ch. 9) </p>
<pre><code>NP.lm <-function(dat, X, Y, alpha) {
dat <- dat[order(d... | g22354 | [
-0.013863321393728256,
-0.05106014385819435,
-0.0004871371202170849,
-0.052074696868658066,
0.012731070630252361,
-0.061789870262145996,
0.06143775209784508,
0.001540475059300661,
-0.07067963480949402,
-0.029336614534258842,
0.021448416635394096,
0.0026870316360145807,
0.03446481004357338,
... |
<p>I've tried to simulate data for a power analysis of a logistic regression. The results of the power analysis look reasonable: power=90% for a sample of 6000 persons. But I feel that the analysis lacks something. So, my question is: when generating the data should I include something about how the variables are corre... | g64294 | [
0.023429865017533302,
-0.033990390598773956,
0.0021279742941260338,
-0.06715032458305359,
0.02628803625702858,
-0.04981338232755661,
-0.006473621819168329,
0.009222572669386864,
-0.07869812846183777,
-0.04637785628437996,
0.018657339736819267,
-0.00037977268220856786,
-0.0046329619362950325,... |
<p>Basically what the title says; I'm carrying out an exploratory regression on the determinants of board independence. Is using a GML regression the way to go? Thanks in advance</p> | g22356 | [
-0.012362807057797909,
0.10549366474151611,
0.02570001222193241,
0.00438714399933815,
-0.027066899463534355,
-0.01904935948550701,
0.038625217974185944,
0.01997738517820835,
-0.00756612466648221,
-0.04465304687619209,
-0.01557160634547472,
-0.0018702424131333828,
0.02724541164934635,
0.074... |
<p>As the title states, is there a closed form formula for the expectation of the square root of a hypergeometric variable.</p>
<p>Edit:</p>
<p>Closed form approximate solutions based on related distributions or expansions are also welcome.</p> | g64295 | [
0.025076355785131454,
0.003671650541946292,
-0.02812124229967594,
-0.013765660114586353,
-0.03288109600543976,
0.023099923506379128,
-0.05356132984161377,
-0.029416661709547043,
-0.022029675543308258,
-0.03700391575694084,
0.012424713000655174,
0.012091576121747494,
0.013983447104692459,
0... |
<p>I have used Principal Component Analysis to find main components that desribe the perceptions of the environment. The goal is to use those main components as index / measurement for another study. My problem is if I find a "parsimonious description of the variables" and use that as an index for the next study, how c... | g64296 | [
0.02026679366827011,
-0.016430208459496498,
-0.007617410272359848,
-0.0897148996591568,
0.00983319990336895,
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0.010380812920629978,
0.01529395766556263,
0.02501186542212963,
0.019191350787878036,
0.05609599128365517,
0.034745972603559494,
-0.009087508544325829,
0.0... |
<p>I have been given two discrete distributions $X$ and $Y$ and values $\mathbb{P}(x_i,y_j)$ for every $i,j$. What is the formula to compute for example $\mathbb{E}(X+Y)$ and $\mathbb{E}(XY)$? My lecture notes do not explain this but I have to count those. In the one parameter case I know the formula is
$\mathbb{E}X=\s... | g64297 | [
0.020865824073553085,
0.01858978345990181,
-0.0406455397605896,
-0.014659671112895012,
0.015594271011650562,
-0.019506804645061493,
0.003135192906484008,
-0.017661644145846367,
0.02150380052626133,
-0.012500783428549767,
-0.06997554749250412,
0.02387901209294796,
0.0963626429438591,
0.0140... |
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