question stringlengths 37 38.8k | group_id stringlengths 2 6 | sentence_embeddings listlengths 768 768 |
|---|---|---|
<p>I've implemented the classic HMM model from <a href="http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Bayes/rabiner.pdf" rel="nofollow">Rabiner's tutorial</a> for gesture recognition and it has worked well. Now, I'm trying to implement the <a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=799904" rel="nofollow">HMM Thre... | g68286 | [
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<p>I am reading P.R. Rosenbaum, <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2289440" rel="nofollow">Model-based direct adjustment</a>, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1987 (82), pp. 387-394. However, there is one equation, which I can't understand.</p>
<p>$$
d = \frac{1}{N}\{\sum_{s=1}^{S}\sum_{i=1}... | g68287 | [
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<p>First time post and I'm not sure if I'm posting in the right place but here goes:</p>
<p>I enjoy Sports and was reading a book over Christmas (Mathletics by Wayne Winston) and to cut a long story short have started ranking sports teams based on least Squares Regression (based on the number of points scored or conce... | g68288 | [
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<p>One dependent variable, One independent continuous variable and One independent categorical variable (two levels only). Factorial design is easy except I don't know how to add center points. I am planning to have -1 and +1 , representing low and high, but I can't add a zero 0 for the center point because the categor... | g28273 | [
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<p>I have an AR(1) process that looks like this:</p>
<p>$$
\ln(g_t) = (1 - \rho_g)(\ln(\mu_g) - c) + \rho_g\ln(g_{t-1}) + \epsilon^g_t
$$</p>
<p>where $|\rho_g| < 1$, $\epsilon^g_t \sim N(0, \sigma^2_g)$, and $c = \cfrac{1}{2} \left( \cfrac{\sigma^2_g}{1 - \rho^2_g} \right)$</p>
<p>and I want to find $E(g_t)$... | g68289 | [
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... |
<p>I need to predict (estimate) probabilities of (rare) events when the training data only contains the yes/no indicator.</p>
<p>I.e., my target (dependent) variable is binary (logical).</p>
<p>What I need is not just to predict yes/no, but estimate the probabilities of yes/no for each observation.</p>
<p>If I use l... | g28275 | [
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<p>I'm trying to use Encog to define an artificial neural network in order to process <a href="http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Acute+Inflammations" rel="nofollow" title="this dataset">this dataset</a> (6 inputs, 2 yes/no outputs), but I can't get any lower than ~65% error. The NN is feedforward with backprop and... | g68290 | [
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<p>I have some data which I am using to show that there is no relationship between two variables. (Or only a weak one.) In a previous writeup, I included the scatterplot showing no visible relationship, as well as the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, which were both low. One of the reviewers commented... | g68291 | [
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<p>What if you take a random sample and you can see it is clearly not representative, as in a <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/32223/correcting-sample-bias/32250">recent question</a>. For example, what if the population distribution is supposed to be symmetric around 0 and the sample you draw randomly... | g11551 | [
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<p>When regression coefficient is nearly 0 (in fact in the real model it's exactly 0), what's the meaning of p value (<0.05) of the coefficient? </p>
<p>For example, I did a multiple variable regression with simulated data in R with lm().</p>
<p>Generate simulation data with the equation
$$
y=2x_1^2+3x_2^2+3x_1+5
... | g35635 | [
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<p>I have a multiple regression model (information derived from gretl):</p>
<p>$$Y=‐3,859921 \ln(P)
+
1,707514\,
(A)
+
3,578656$$</p>
<p>$$\quad\quad\space(1,216387)\quad\quad\quad(1,259650)\quad\quad(0,323867)$$</p>
<p>the standard errors of the parameter estimates are underneath.</p>
<p>How to calculate the stand... | g49153 | [
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<p>Winbugs seem to support either stochastic or deterministic relationship between variables.
However, many Bayesian Networks represent relationships between variables using conditional probability tables. The "visit to Asia", "burglar alarm", "smoking & cancer" examples are classic introductory material. </p>
<p... | g68292 | [
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<p>I have two populations: Class <code>A</code> and Class <code>B</code>. Both populations have two variables: <code>percent_correct</code> (i.e. number right answers / total answers) and <code>week</code>. I have graph comparing the two populations with the <code>percent_correct</code> on the y-axis measured over <c... | g68293 | [
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<p>I have a the following time series </p>
<pre><code> Price BrokerID 632 Behaviour BrokerID 680 Behaviour ...BrokerID XYZ Behaviour
5.6 IP SP
5.7 BP IP
5.8 SP BP
5.83 IP ... | g68294 | [
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<p>You are given the mean and standard deviations of N normal distributions x1,x2...xn</p>
<p>What is the probability that x1 is maximum?
ie. Find P(x1>x2,x3..xn)</p>
<p>How do I go about solving this?</p>
<p>x1,x2,x3 etc are independent.</p>
<p>Any help will be appreaciated,
Thanks!</p> | g49799 | [
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<p>I am developing a classifier using a set of N patterns, where N~1000. I am using K-fold cross-validation (with K=5) and computing the probability of classification error p (typical value is p=0.03). I am also computing estimates of the 95% confidence interval; I do this by assuming the classifier output is binomial... | g68295 | [
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<p>A Rank Histogram (or Talagrand Diagram) is a neat way of measuring whether your numerical model is giving appropriate variance. It's used for weather and climate forcasting, where you only have one observational series, and many model series (an ensemble). It's <a href="http://www.eumetcal.org/resources/ukmeteocal/v... | g40042 | [
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<p>I have a weighted graph in which the nodes represent users and weighted undirected edges represent the tie between a pairs of users. For a piece of content $c$, and a node $A$ in the graph, given that $A$ has viewed the content and a few of $A$'s neighbors have viewed it as well, the problem is to infer whether $A$ ... | g28285 | [
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<p>I'm new to machine learning, and I have been trying to figure out how to apply neural network to rainfall forecasting. I have found resource related to my query, but I seem to still be a bit lost. I think a basic explanation without too much detail would help.</p>
<p>Let's say I have 10 climate features values for ... | g28286 | [
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<p>My shop has 20-items with a recommender system on top which analyses history of purchases and recommends items to buy each time customer returns. </p>
<p>Now I want to add an additional item to choose from, which I have no history about previous purchases (let's say customers purchased it from my competitor). In a ... | g49800 | [
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<p>Suppose I have <strong>four basal forms</strong> of signal (blue, purple, red, green). I also have created <strong><em>transition</em> forms</strong> between each other. If you carefully look on the picture below, you can see that for example blue signal (<em>A1</em>) slowly transforms into purple (<em>A5</em>) - h... | g68296 | [
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<p>I have done an one-way anova test for to compare among 4 groups. I did the homogeneity test for variance and the result showed the variance was not equal but there was a significant difference between group (p=0.013). Thus, I did the Dunnett's T3 test for post-hoc test. However, the p values between all the groups w... | g68297 | [
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<p>I have a set of data, sampled once per year from 1990 to 2008. It looks more or less linear. However, doing a Chow test results in a significant p-value (0.003 and below), wherever I test for a structural break. What is going on?</p>
<p>(There was a <a href="http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/40504/how-to-ide... | g68298 | [
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<p>I have seen a similar question but thought I'd ask my own to hopefully garner some usefull feedback. </p>
<p>Basically, I have a large temporal dataset, consisting of domestic smart energy meter use collected at 30 minute intervals for three months. I have data for about 120,000 households and I'm looking to apply ... | g68299 | [
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<p>I have seen several ways to write (and calculate and interpret) a survivor function in discrete time survival analysis and I wonder which is correct or if they both are, but the interpretation and/or setup of the problem is different and I am missing it.</p>
<p>Here is an example.</p>
<ul>
<li>Customers open an ac... | g18566 | [
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<p>I have this confusion, why are gaussian processes called smoothers. I mean I know they are also used for regression. But why are they called smoothers. Any guidance will be much appreciated</p> | g837 | [
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<p>I gave run the following codes in R console: </p>
<pre><code>#for built-in matrix ToothGrowth
tooth.1mg <- subset(ToothGrowth, dose==1)
var.test(len~supp,data=tooth.1mg,alternative="two.sided")
</code></pre>
<p>I have found the result:</p>
<pre><code>F test to compare two variances
data: len by supp
F = 2.4... | g28290 | [
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<p>Does a random variable of t-square converge almost surely to another random variable?</p>
<p>Here is the random variable $Tn$:
$$
Tn=\frac{Z_{0}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}\left ( Z_{1}^{2}+Z_{2}^{2}+...+Z_{n}^{2}\right )}}
$$
Will there exist an RV $X$ such that $Tn^2$ converge almost surely to $X$ as $n$ tends to infinit... | g68300 | [
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<p>Suppose I have two time series (Series1 and Series2) which are identical from timePeriod -200 to timePeriod 0. Say that in timePeriod 0 they are both equal to 100. Series1is equal to 200 at timePeriod 50. Series2 is equal to 250 at timePeriod 50. They both go up and down over time, but Series2 is always equal to Ser... | g68301 | [
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<p>I understand this question has been asked many times however, i am unable to understand the answers well enough and apply to my situation.</p>
<p>I have attached 2 screenshots of my model. There are 5 class labels </p>
<p>Firstly this is a model with a lower accuracy but with a higher ROC area. </p>
<p><img src="... | g68302 | [
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0.029893772676587105,
0.06011776998639107,
0.0... |
<p>I have ran a glm in R, and near the bottom of the <code>summary()</code> output, it states</p>
<pre><code>(Dispersion parameter for gaussian family taken to be 28.35031)
</code></pre>
<p>I've done some rummaging on Google and learnt that the dispersion parameter is used to fit the standard errors. I'm hoping someb... | g35918 | [
0.015020502731204033,
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<p>I am calculating my $R^2$ for a model two different ways. I used <code>pred = predict(model, newdata = mydata, se.fit = T)</code> and then calculated <code>1 - (mean(pred$se.fit))/var(mydata)</code> and this gave me a value of <code>0.9903</code>. </p>
<p>However, then I calculated <code>rmse.model = sqrt(mean((myd... | g28293 | [
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<p>Just wanted your opinion on whether you think its appropriate to have a 2nd hypothesis when you have included in your study a secondary outcome? And also do you think its appropriate to have more than one secondary outcome? I believe it should be fine but wanted to double check with you guys.</p> | g14832 | [
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<p>Let {$X_1$, ..., $X_n$} be a random sample of size n in which the different elements are measurements drawn from $m$ different populations with different distributions. From the Central Limit Theorem, as long as $n \gg m$ and $n \to \infty$, the values of $\bar{X}$ obtained by repeating this experiment will follow ... | g68303 | [
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... |
<p>$$F_X(x)=\begin{cases}
\quad\dfrac{\alpha}{\alpha+\theta}\left(\dfrac x\omega \right)^\theta &\text{ if } x<\omega \\ \\
1-\dfrac{\theta}{\alpha+\theta}\left(\dfrac\omega x\right)^{\alpha} &\text{ if } x>\omega \end{cases}\quad\text{ where } 0\le x< +\infty.$$</p>
<p>I derived it by having $F_{X|Y... | g68304 | [
0.02425299771130085,
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<p>I have used simple linear regression, and I'm now checking that the model meets the assumption of linearity. The model used a continuous response variable and categorical explanatory variables. How can I asses linearity when using categorical explanatory variables? </p> | g35919 | [
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<p>When there is a perfect collinearity among more than two continuous variables, how do you deal with it and how are the regression results interpreted? </p>
<p>I have three independent variables which represent the percentage of different races within different cities, Say $x_1$ is the percentage of Hispanics, $x_2$... | g68305 | [
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<p>I am seeking a parametric probability model whose <em>pdf</em> has the following characteristics: (1) it is supported on a variate axis that is bounded between 0 and 1; (2) it is continuous; and (3) it is capable of having two (or more) modes that are not necessarily located at 0 or 1 (e.g., in contrast to the beta ... | g68306 | [
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<p>I am tasked with analyzing data to find "triggers" to an event. Specifically, this is transaction data from a bank (e.g., checking account daily balances, daily over draft fees, daily number of checks cleared etc) and the event of interest is the checking account being closed by the customer. It sounds like I am rea... | g47346 | [
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<p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgeworth_series#Edgeworth_series" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia for Edgeworth expansion</a>,</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Let $F_n$ denote <strong>the cumulative distribution functions</strong> of the
variables $Y_n$. ...</p>
<p>Again, after inverse Fourier transform, <strong>t... | g68307 | [
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<p>In the maximum likelihood estimation of Skew Normal, how does R calculate the mean? You know the formula is </p>
<p>\begin{equation} \mu=\frac{ \sum_{i} x_{i} W(x_{i})}{\sum_{i} W(x_{i})} \end{equation}. </p>
<p>Where </p>
<p>\begin{equation} W(x_{i})=\frac{\phi [ \lambda \left( \frac{x_{i}-\mu}{\sigma} \right) ]... | g49801 | [
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... |
<p>I want to find some particular individuals in a population, ones with a special genetic makeup for instance. I estimate the population to be 10000 and I'm hoping to find one of 45 individuals. I sample 2000 but still haven't found any. Assuming my sampling is random, how do I put a figure on the likelihood of that h... | g68308 | [
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<blockquote>
<p>I've asked this question on <a href="http://cs.stackexchange.com/q/25871/2914">cs.stackexchange</a> before. It has a 20-hours remaining bounty there.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>On-line handwriting recognition is the task of converting a series of $(x(t),y(t))$ coordinates to symbols and words. In contrast ... | g25599 | [
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<p>It's hard to think of a more eloquent way of phrasing this question - I'm basically wondering if a classifier trained on data where examples of some of the classes are infrequent/rare would be a bad model? I'm mainly interested in decision trees (C4.5). </p>
<p>I think the answer is no, but that you will get a high... | g68309 | [
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<p>Some major commercial statistical packages (e.g., SPSS) do not report a CI for the intercept term in logistic regression. [Based on answer below R does provide CI for intercept] </p>
<p>Why might confidence intervals for the intercept term not be included by default?</p>
<p>UPDATE:</p>
<p>Based on feedback, Confi... | g68310 | [
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<p>This should be a very elementary question, yet I cannot figure out where I am going wrong.
The matrix below contains data on the colour distributions of balls in two urns. I am looking for a formal method that can tell me whether the contents of the two come from the same population distribution. </p>
<pre><code>fr... | g23774 | [
0.04874468222260475,
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0.016206864267587662,
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0.02367880940437317,
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0.017962267622351646,
0.010459904558956623,
0.05113290250301361,
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<p>I'm a newbie to statistics and R and I have a trouble with using Levene function (I would like to check the equality of variance of two samples).
The documentation says that I should run:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>levene.test(y, group)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>But I have no idea what I should put as y and group? I have t... | g49199 | [
0.02727166749536991,
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0.00584572646766901,
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0.040953129529953,
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0.0190858393907547,
0.035245899111032486,
0.07485252618789673,
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0.0310462... |
<p>I'm building a database of economic and political indicators provided by the World Bank and other similar sources. I would like to run uni- and multivariate analysis of these indicators over the past 20 years of data. I'll be using JMP to analyze the data. </p>
<p>Here's an excerpt of the database structure:</p>
<... | g68311 | [
0.03472643718123436,
0.013722079806029797,
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0.011545278131961823,
0.019802894443273544,
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0.03216882050037384,
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<p>Recently, I have been preparing to perform a meta-analysis about the treatment of pancreatic cancer. </p>
<p>When I extracted time to event (survival-type) data from the publications, I encountered some obstacles. </p>
<p>Most articles included showed the two-sided $p$ value for the log-rank test and the number of... | g68312 | [
0.002670523477718234,
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0.013047000393271446,
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0.013116387650370598,
0.050095103681087494,
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<h3>Context</h3>
<p>I need to compare two groups of students. Students of these groups did some work, which later was evaluated. Now I have the values of the accuracy of every student. Here are the results:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>0.2
0.065
0.123
0.075
0.181
0.054
0.185
0.106
0.142</p>
</blockquote>
<p... | g18790 | [
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0.0015468001365661621,
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0.040913015604019165,
0.0018154773861169815,
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0.014107076451182365,
0.03068600594997406,
0.03392046317458153,
0.02599572204053402,
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<p>What are the major machine learning theories that maybe used by Twitter for suggesting followers?</p> | g48745 | [
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0.005566377192735672,
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0.11673080921173096,
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<p>I want to implement k-NN to use in a multi-class dataset. I found "<a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCkQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.86.9501%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&rct=j&q=k%20nearest%20multi%20class%20zhang&... | g8394 | [
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0.026202255859971046,
0.029026519507169724,
0.0369916595518589,
0.04887... |
<p><strong>The data:</strong> I have worked recently on analysing the stochastic properties of a spatio-temporal field of wind power production forecast errors. Formally, it can be said to be a process $$ \left (\epsilon^p_{t+h|t} \right )_{t=1\dots,T;\; h=1,\dots,H,\;p=p_1,\dots,p_n}$$
indexed twice in time (with $t$... | g68313 | [
0.03577956557273865,
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0.002211581449955702,
0.010991289280354977,
0.01917988434433937,
0... |
<p>I've only started using R one day ago, still so much to get my head around. I need to create a choice experiment, and I have been following the <a href="http://www.jstatsoft.org/v50/c02/paper" rel="nofollow">example of H.Aizaki</a></p>
<p>I think I have created a successful choice experiment design using the input ... | g68314 | [
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0.06272412091493607,
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<p>I'm newbie to R, I'm using it for my thesis on trade classification
algorithms.
I've some problems with the package <code>highfrequency</code>.
I've converted my txt data in <code>xts</code> format using the code:</p>
<pre><code>library(highfrequency)
library(timeDate)
from="1990-11-01";
to="1990-11-02";
da... | g49802 | [
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0.016982311382889748,
0.029033156111836433,
0.09035622328519821,
0... |
<p>A brief motivation: $n$ critters live in an aquarium, where sadly they often hide in, under or behind things. When the aquarium is observed, each critter is only seen with probability $p$ (independently), so the number of critters spotted is $X\sim \operatorname{Bin}(n,p)$. The observer takes repeated counts $X_1, X... | g68315 | [
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0.04438050091266632,
0.... |
<p>How can one prove that the random sample is normally distributed if the sample mean and sample variance are independent?</p> | g49803 | [
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... |
<p>I was told I had to direct my machine learning questions to this site. So here it goes.</p>
<p>I'm trying to do Multiclass classification with SVM. I have 7 classes. Now I was wondering if the following is possible. I'm thinking of creating 7 SVMs for 1 vs all approach. Am i allowed to create 1 kind of feature vect... | g24077 | [
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0.021529506891965866,
0.06533357501029968,
0.072... |
<p>I ask this question out of curiosity</p>
<p>earlier today when i was trying to test for heteroscedasticity in <code>R</code>, i accidentally mistook <code>white.test</code> of <code>tseries</code> package for <code>white.test</code> of <code>bstat</code> package. </p>
<p>i found out later that the former tests for... | g68316 | [
0.03663495182991028,
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0.0029611217323690653,
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0.03621656820178032,
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0.009997870773077011,
0.052815958857536316,
0.04229867830872536,
0... |
<p>Suppose that we are searching for best <code>features</code> using an optimization algorithm for a classification model (MLP,SNM,Regression,etc...). We should set a cost function for this propose. This is one of the well-known cost functions:</p>
<pre><code>NN = Selected_f
Z = MSE(1+beta*NN)
</code></pre>
<p>We sh... | g68317 | [
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0.007559550926089287,
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0.09518276154994965,
0.037768103182315826,
... |
<p>I am trying to figure out what I did wrong or what I could do to get accurate results.</p>
<p>I have <em>n</em> vectors of data, and I am trying to decide whether each dataset is unimodal or bimodal. I assumed that it could be a mixture of Gaussians, so in MATLAB I attempted:</p>
<pre><code>fit1 = gmdistribution(... | g68318 | [
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0.04615360498428345,
-0.00... |
<p>My endogenous variable is very likely to be measured with error, but also confounded by unobservables. I have an instrument that rises with the value of the endogenous variable, at the same time it is exogenous to the the error in the outcome equation.</p> | g68319 | [
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<p>All the examples of SVMs are related to classification. I don't understand how an SVM for regression (support vector regressor) could be used in regression.</p>
<p>From my understanding, A SVM maximizes the margin between two classes to finds the optimal hyperplane. How would this possibly work in a regression prob... | g5496 | [
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0.054... |
<p>For my research I am looking for proof of the asymptotic distribution of the univariate Kernel density estimator as proposed by Rosenblatt 1956 and Parzen 1962. A proof is for example given <a href="http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/vmarmer/econ590a/nonparametric.pdf" rel="nofollow">here</a> and is also included in <a href... | g68320 | [
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<p>I have a set of vectors $\{V_i\}$ in $n$-dimensional space. There is a number corresponded to each vector $\alpha_i = f(V_i)$ ($\alpha_i$ can be negative). I want to find a hyperplane which would maximize the difference between sums of $\alpha_i$ on the different sides of the space, divided by plane. </p>
<p>What i... | g68321 | [
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<p>I'm trying to predict counts based on variables sampled on a monthly basis as well as a few that are not related to time. In several places I've read that the MCMCglmm package in R would be appropriate for this purpose, but I'm having a little difficulty understanding exactly how the panel aspect should be incorpor... | g68322 | [
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<p>I want to know how to write the $\chi^{2}$ distance between two multivariate Gaussian distributions $f$ and $g$ in terms of their parameters only. The parameters of $f$ is the vector $\mu_{1}$ and a covariance matrix $\Sigma_{1}$. The parameters of $g$ is the vector $\mu_{2}$ and a covariance matrix $\Sigma_{2}$. <... | g68323 | [
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<p>I have run into an error associated with truncating a distribution in JAGS.</p>
<p>In my minimum reproducible example, I have data for 9 observations and would like to find a posterior predictive distribution for the 10th observation. To do this, I include the 10th observation as an NA and estimate its posterior pr... | g68324 | [
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<p>I've found plenty of formulas showing how to find the mean survival time for an exponential or Weibull distribution, but I'm having considerably less luck for log-normal survival functions.</p>
<p>Given the following survival function:</p>
<p>$$S(t) = 1 - \phi \left[ {{{\ln (t) - \mu } \over \sigma }} \right]$$</p... | g68325 | [
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<p>I am performing a binomial logistic regression with my outcome being a count with an upper bound which is 45. My data is of the following form:</p>
<p><img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/oE2qX.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>Now I am wondering whether the actual analysis happens on a crosstab or no... | g68326 | [
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<p>I recently got to hear about <a href="http://dahtah.wordpress.com/2011/10/28/hello-world/" rel="nofollow">copulas</a> which to me sounded like a nice tool to model relationships between variables. I decided to try to implement the likelihood function for a bivariate Gaussian copula with normally distributed margina... | g68327 | [
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<p>I have many time series and a set of dates (key events eg public holidays or big sales days). There are too many for me to look as manually and determine if either an increase or decrease occured as a result of the event. Is there some algorithm that I could use? I am currently using R.</p> | g68328 | [
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<p>Just wondering how to setup xreg variables for ARIMAX models? I am particularly interested in whether I should be grouping together events for dummy variables. For example should I create 1 dummy variable and store all public holidays or should I create a dummy variable for each public holiday (this could lead to ma... | g28324 | [
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<p>I am working on a project involving genomes. I am going to divide a genome into subsequences, and then do something with those subsequences. I want to know if the subsequences that I produce are going to be unique, or the probability that they will be unique.</p>
<p>So assuming we are dealing with the base pairs of... | g49222 | [
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<p>Suppose I want to fit a function to measured data minimizing the chi^2.
"It is known" that if it has too many correlated parameters the fit will not only have very large expected statistical errors on the fitted parameters but many times it will fail (e.g. stuck in a minimum more than 10 standard errors away from th... | g68329 | [
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<p>I am analyzing survey data for a membership organization. We have survey data from 2000, 2005, and 2010, and each year has between 400-600 respondents (the survey was sent to all members). In all years, the ratio of men to women is highly male, and there are many more people in the upper age categories. However, it ... | g37528 | [
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0... |
<p>Apparently, in hierarchical clustering in which the distance measure is Euclidean distance, the data must be first normalized or standardized to prevent the covariate with the highest variance from driving the clustering. Why is this? Isn't this fact desirable?</p> | g28326 | [
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<p>What software implements the multiple comparison sign test as described in Steel (1959)?</p>
<h3>References</h3>
<ul>
<li>Steel, R.G.D. (1959). A multiple comparison sign test: treatments versus control. Journal of the American Statistical Association, , 767-775. <a href="http://sci2s.ugr.es/keel/pdf/algorithm/art... | g68330 | [
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0.00... |
<p>This is exercise 2.9.b from <em>Time Series Analysis – With Applications in R</em> (Cryer, Chan). First of all, for $m\in\mathbb N+2$, let us define the $m$-th difference of a discrete time series $\{A_t\}_{t\in\mathbb Z}$ as
$$\nabla^{m+1}A_t\triangleq\nabla(\nabla^m A_t)\quad:\quad\nabla A_t\triangleq A_t-A_{t-1}\... | g68331 | [
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<p>I built a neural net in Octave to predict if products are a match or not using a number of features. The net has 8 input features, 1 hidden layer with 8 nodes and outputs either match or no match. I employ feature regualarization and use <code>fmuncg</code> to perform gradient decend.</p>
<p>I trained it with 30,00... | g68332 | [
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0.03497471660375595,
0.00514861848205328,
0.037... |
<p>If I have a GLM with a number of explanatory variables, where one is a categorical variable with levels "no treatment" "treatment A" "treatment B"</p>
<p>Assuming that it is reasonable to combine the 2 treatment groups together experimentally, what statistical assumptions do I need to check?</p>
<p>I wish to inclu... | g68333 | [
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<p>Two types of treatment were considered to relieve pain after surgery.
Pain is measured as follows:
first 30 min after first interpleural (IP) injection (hour zero) in recovery room, then every 4 hours in resting position <strong>before and 30 min after</strong> IP injection (i.e., hours 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 p... | g68334 | [
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<p>Is there any way to determine the optimal cluster number or should I just try different values and check the error rates to decide on the best value?</p> | g49237 | [
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0.05360182002186775,
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<p>I have a dataset of population growth rates (pgr). Most of the observations are relatively small (positive and negative) but there are also somewhat more extreme values (also positive and negative). The distribution is quite symmetric. To normalize the distribution I thought to take the square root of the absolute ... | g68335 | [
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<p>I have read this statement many times but have never come across a proof. I would like to try to produce one myself but I'm not even sure on what notation to use. Can anyone help me with this?</p> | g23783 | [
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<p>I took a 30 unit sample from a population. The sample distribution resulted to be normal. Can I state that the population distribution is normal too? If so, with what level of confidence?</p> | g18972 | [
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<p>A coworker and I are trying to analyze agreement between two measurement methods. I apologize in advance for needing some extra explanation due to the fact I'm an engineer whose statistics background is mostly geared toward the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rates, and other analysis of ra... | g68336 | [
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<p>Let $S_1$ = $(X_1, Y_1)$ and $S_2$ = $(X_2, Y_2)$ be two samples from two groups. The broad null hypothesis is that they come from the same distribution. Note $X$ is a matrix here with many columns and $Y$ is just a vector.</p>
<p>By running a random forest model and looking at the variable importance, it appears t... | g68337 | [
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... |
<p>I am trying to figure out why the following holds:</p>
<p>Given $y_{i}=E[y_{i}|X_{i}]+\epsilon_{i}$ that</p>
<p>$E[\epsilon^{2}_{i}] =E[E[\epsilon^{2}_{i}|X_{i}]] = E[V[y_{i}|X_{i}]]$ </p>
<p>Specifically I am trying to understand why $E[\epsilon^{2}_{i}|X_{i}] = V[y_{i}|X_{i}]$?</p>
<p>Clearly, I need a refres... | g49804 | [
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0.015382558107376099,
... |
<p>Which null hypothesis can be tested by a $\chi^2$ test?</p>
<p>could you please write the description of the relevant null hypothesis or at least give an example.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p> | g28335 | [
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<p>Could someone please explain me this reviewer comment:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>asymmetric distribution could affect Principal
Component Analysis results, symmetry of distribution should be
tested. Authors should also indicate if outliers were observed and
consequently excluded because they could affect factors... | g68338 | [
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0.05265350639820099,
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0.01144... |
<p>I have two variables. They're both $I(1)$ even when I fit constant and trend terms into the ADF test. The $p$-values for the stationarity tests are around 0.5 so it's not a marginal case.</p>
<p>However, when I execute the Johansen procedure with a constant in the error correction term the $\Pi$ matrix is full rank... | g28338 | [
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0.015443149954080582,
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0.002690382767468691,
-0.019262559711933136,
0.04461... |
<p>Next weekend you will be participating in 12km cross country race on a mountain.The average time between two successive wild animal sightings on the mountain is reported to be 5 minutes</p>
<p>(a) What is the probability that you see at least one wild animal in the 11th minute of the race given that you will s... | g68339 | [
0.022062622010707855,
-0.004157929681241512,
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0.036420390009880066,
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0... |
<p>I'm doing data analysis with MATLAB and I have a bunch of files with missing data here and there and somewhere even whole days or months worth of data is missing, because sensor devices have been fixed or changed or something like that.</p>
<p>My question is: How to decide what to do with missing data? When is it b... | g68340 | [
0.06745650619268417,
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0.027928920462727547,
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... |
<p>For my master's thesis I would like to use different clustering algorithms to cluster municipalities (as objects) in regard to their land-use characteristics (as variables). </p>
<p>Analyzing my data descriptively I noted that I have a lot of extremely left skewed distributions (for example a lot of municipalities ... | g68341 | [
0.017363902181386948,
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0.0037222530227154493,
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0.046354278922080994,
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<p>I would like to calculate $E[log{(a-b*x)^2}]$ where $a$ is known scaler, $b$ is a known row vector and $x$ is random column vector following a multivariate normal distribution with a known mean and covariance matrix. What is a quick way to calculate or approximate this expectation numerically [without using simulati... | g68342 | [
0.006465287879109383,
0.002249278360977769,
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0.033759575337171555,
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0.017... |
<p>Are there any reference document(s) that give a comprehensive list of activation functions in neural networks along with their pros/cons (and ideally some pointers to publications where they were successful or not so successful)?</p> | g68343 | [
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<p>Suppose that $X$ comes from an exponential family
$$
p_\theta(x) = h(x)\exp(\theta x - A(\theta)),
$$
and that, conditional on $X$, $Y$ also comes from an exponential family of the form
$$
p_\eta(y\mid x) = h(y\mid x)\exp(\eta y - A(\eta, x)).
$$</p>
<p>Just a pointer to a reference would be helpful. I'm not sure ... | g68344 | [
0.02990003488957882,
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<p>I am working on a model based on logistic regression with a binary response variable and my data consists of ratios of integers (number of positive observations out of the total number of observations).</p>
<p>I am trying to speed up the regression by downsampling the ratios (I have to run it on a massive amount of... | g28342 | [
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<p>I have an existing logistic regression used to forecast whether a given action will take place or not. The unit of analysis is the individual person. For the sake of the question, assume a default threshold of <code>p > .5</code> yields a positive prediction. When I plot the proportion of individuals who are actu... | g68345 | [
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0.031845930963754654,
-0.009420190006494522,
0.045127179473638535,
-... |
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