id string | source_id string | benchmark class label | text string | model_label string | tool_label string | prompt_label string | model_label_id int64 | tool_label_id int64 | prompt_label_id int64 | router_metadata_json string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_medical::medical_genetics::test::80 | medical_genetics:test:80 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following diagnostic techniques is of no value for the diagnosis of neural tube defects?
Answer options:
A. Amniocentesis
B. Chorion villus sampling (CVS)
C. Maternal serum screening
D. Ultrasonography | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::113 | nutrition:test:113 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
What nutritional strategies will not improve performance during prolonged endurance type exercise?
Answer options:
A. Carbohydrate loading
B. Tapering
C. The classic glycogen loading regime
D. Exogenous carbohydrate ingestion during exercise | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::289 | nutrition:test:289 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The following types of research findings provide strong evidence for an association between diet and skeletal health:
Answer options:
A. Long-term intervention studies that have a large sample size with fracture as an endpoint
B. Experimental studies which measure bone remodelling through biochemical markers
C. ... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::52 | college_biology:test:52 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
All of the following statements about plant embryogenesis are correct EXCEPT:
Answer options:
A. The suspensor is derived from the basal cell.
B. Cotyledons are derived from the apical cell.
C. Shoot apical meristem formation occurs after seed formation.
D. Precursors of all three plant tissue systems are formed... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::clinical_knowledge::test::197 | clinical_knowledge:test:197 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of these is not necessary when examining the jugular venous pulse?
Answer options:
A. Patient's neck muscles should be relaxed
B. Timing the pulsation with the radial pulse
C. Good lighting
D. Patient lying at 45 degree angle | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::40 | anatomy:test:40 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following conditions is characterized by incompetence of the esophageal sphincter?
Answer options:
A. Crohn's disease
B. Esophageal varices
C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
D. Pyloric stenosis | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::58 | college_biology:test:58 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The first groups of animals to develop lung tissue adequate to support their respiratory requirements without the use of supplementary gas exchange organs were the
Answer options:
A. amphibians
B. reptiles
C. mammals
D. trematoda | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::0 | professional_medicine:test:0 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 67-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She had a pulmonary embolism and required treatment in the hospital for 3 weeks. She had a retroperitoneal hemorrhage; anticoagulant therapy was temporarily discontinued, and she underwent placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. She ... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::38 | college_medicine:test:38 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
During muscular contraction, interactions between myosin and actin allow for shortening of each sarcomere. In addition to the power stroke, what other process of muscle contraction requires ATP?
Answer options:
A. Tropomyosin-troponin interaction
B. Myosin-actin interaction
C. Calcium-troponin interaction
D. Myo... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::7 | anatomy:test:7 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following best describes the human body's defense mechanism against environmental bacteria?
Answer options:
A. Hair in the nose
B. Mucous membranes
C. Osteoblasts
D. Saliva | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::virology::test::135 | virology:test:135 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The purpose of a double-blind or double-masked study is to:
Answer options:
A. Achieve comparability of treated and untreated subjects
B. Reduce the effects of sampling variation
C. Avoid observer and subject bias
D. Avoid observer bias and sampling variation | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::95 | nutrition:test:95 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
What is a major limitation of using BMI (body mass index) as a method of body fat measurements?
Answer options:
A. It is not an accurate measure for average people
B. It is more accurate than height-weight tables
C. It does not distinguish between fat and fat free mass
D. All of the above | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::213 | high_school_biology:test:213 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following best accounts for the ability of legumes to grow well in nitrogen-poor soils?
Answer options:
A. These plants make their own proteins.
B. These plants have a mutualistic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
C. These plants are capable of directly converting nitrogen gas into nitrate... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::78 | college_biology:test:78 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
If the activity of an enzyme is constant over a broad range of pH values, it is likely that
Answer options:
A. only ionizing groups on the enzyme participate in the reaction
B. only ionizing groups on the substrate participate in the reaction
C. ionizing groups on both the enzyme and substrate participate in the... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::52 | college_medicine:test:52 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Approximately how many kJ of energy are expended if an athlete's steady-rate oxygen uptake averages 3.0 l/min for 5 minutes of exercise?
Answer options:
A. 60 kJ
B. 150 kJ
C. 300 kJ
D. 500 kJ | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::120 | nutrition:test:120 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype (ALP) is a collection of which lipoprotein abnormalities?
Answer options:
A. Reduced levels of HDL, a high proportion of small dense LDL and raised triglycerides
B. Reduced levels of HDL, a high proportion of small dense LDL and normal triglycerides
C. Raised levels of HDL, ... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::57 | college_biology:test:57 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Monoclonal antisera are distinguished from polyclonal antisera in which of the following ways?
Answer options:
A. Each type of antibody in a monoclonal antiserum reacts against a single region of a single antigen; each type of antibody in a polyclonal antiserum reacts against multiple regions of different antige... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::191 | nutrition:test:191 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
After consumption of a mixed meal, a complex cascade of events takes place that integrates fat metabolism at the whole body level. Which of the following is correct?
Answer options:
A. Consumption of a meal leads to suppression of lipase activity within adipose tissue leading to a decrease in plasma NEFA concent... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::4 | nutrition:test:4 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which vitamin is a major lipid-soluble antioxidant in cell membranes?
Answer options:
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::41 | college_medicine:test:41 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The net production of ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis is:
Answer options:
A. 2 from glucose and 3 from glycogen.
B. 2 from glucose and 4 from glycogen.
C. 3 from glucose and 4 from glycogen.
D. 3 from glucose and 2 from glycogen. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::266 | nutrition:test:266 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of these factors increases the risk for postmenopausal breast cancer?
Answer options:
A. Red meat
B. Dietary fat
C. Fish
D. Obesity | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::22 | college_medicine:test:22 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following factors can affect enzyme activity?
Answer options:
A. Temperature.
B. pH.
C. The presence of certain metal ions.
D. All of the above. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::171 | high_school_biology:test:171 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Stomata allow gases, such as H2O and CO2, to exchange between the inside of a plant leaf and the surrounding environment. Which of the following occurs under normal daytime environmental conditions?
Answer options:
A. H2O diffuses out of the leaf faster than CO2 enters.
B. H2O diffuses out of the leaf slower tha... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::176 | nutrition:test:176 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The vitamins which are lost most readily during cooking are:
Answer options:
A. vitamin E and niacin
B. vitamin D and vitamin E
C. riboflavin and vitamin C
D. vitamin C and thiamin | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::141 | professional_medicine:test:141 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 27-year-old man is admitted to the hospital 45 minutes after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. Physical examination shows a sluggish response to stimuli. Neurologic examination shows no other abnormalities. A skull x-ray shows a linear, nondepressed basal skull fracture. Two weeks later, the patient ... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::123 | college_biology:test:123 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
An organism belonging to the nekton is which one of the following?
Answer options:
A. Whale
B. Barnacle
C. Cyanobacterium
D. Protist | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::clinical_knowledge::test::82 | clinical_knowledge:test:82 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which one of the following manoeuvres is not a central painful stimulus?
Answer options:
A. Supra-orbital ridge pressure.
B. Pressure on the little finger pulp.
C. Trapezius squeeze.
D. Sternal rub. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::232 | nutrition:test:232 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Infants born to mothers who are vegan may be at increased risk of deficiency of which nutrient?
Answer options:
A. Vitamin C
B. Folate
C. Vitamin B12
D. Calcium | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::273 | high_school_biology:test:273 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following are characteristics of both bacteria and fungi?
Answer options:
A. Cell wall, DNA, and plasma membrane
B. Nucleus, organelles, and unicellularity
C. Plasma membrane, multicellularity, and Golgi apparatus
D. Cell wall, unicellularity, and mitochondria | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::128 | college_biology:test:128 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Root pressure created by a plant's roots causes water to enter the roots by
Answer options:
A. translocation
B. adhesion
C. osmosis
D. capillary action | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::virology::test::125 | virology:test:125 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The first acquired immune cell to respond defensively to HIV infection is:
Answer options:
A. CD4+
B. CD8+
C. CD57
D. NK cells | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::135 | college_biology:test:135 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A quote from a natural resources text states: "Whenever the original ecosystem becomes restructured by man, it tends to become simplified, with a resultant disruption of the stabilizing influences of density-dependent regulatory factors." This implies that in a disturbed ecosystem
Answer options:
A. there exist ... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::medical_genetics::test::42 | medical_genetics:test:42 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Tay-Sachs disease is caused by deficiency of _________________?
Answer options:
A. Alpha-L-iduronidase
B. Glucose-6-phosphatase
C. Hexosaminidase A
D. Homogentisic acid oxidase | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::62 | college_biology:test:62 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Fungi participate in each of the following EXCEPT
Answer options:
A. photosynthesis to produce glucose
B. fermentation to produce alcohol
C. association with humans to produce ringworm
D. association with the roots of plants to form mycorrhizae | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::139 | college_biology:test:139 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following is a correct statement about the cohesion-tension theory for the ascent of water in the xylem?
Answer options:
A. The evaporation of water from leaf mesophyll cells generates tension in the water column.
B. Water moves from a source region with high hydrostatic pressure to a sink region wi... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::196 | high_school_biology:test:196 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
If two modern organisms are distantly related in an evolutionary sense, then one should expect that
Answer options:
A. they live in very different habitats.
B. they should share fewer homologous structures than two more closely related organisms.
C. their chromosomes should be very similar.
D. they shared a comm... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::184 | professional_medicine:test:184 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 53-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of intermittent blood in his stool. He has had no pain with defecation. Physical examination shows a 1-cm, visible anal mass located below the dentate line. A biopsy of the mass is scheduled. If the mass if found to be malignant, it is most app... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::185 | high_school_biology:test:185 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following is the correct characteristic of arteries?
Answer options:
A. They are thin-walled blood vessels.
B. They contain valves that prevent backflow.
C. They always carry oxygenated blood.
D. They carry blood away from the heart. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::95 | professional_medicine:test:95 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 49-year-old man, who is recovering in the hospital 2 days after uncomplicated left femoral-popliteal bypass grafting for claudication, has now developed increasing pain in his left foot. Until now, the patient's postoperative course had been unremarkable and he has been treated with low-dose morphine for pain c... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::126 | professional_medicine:test:126 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of episodes of fainting for 3 months. He also has had difficulty performing daily tasks because he is easily fatigued. He had a myocardial infarction 12 years ago. His pulse is 40/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 138/85 mm Hg. Physical examinatio... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::213 | professional_medicine:test:213 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 5-year-old boy returns to the office with his 19-year-old mother to discuss results of studies done to evaluate his behavior of eating dirt. The patient sits quietly while his mother answers questions about his health. She says her son seems healthy, although he does not seem to be as active as other children h... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::9 | nutrition:test:9 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following statements about human amino acid requirements in human nutrition is correct?
Answer options:
A. The amino acid requirements determined for adults is assumed to be the requirement pattern for all ages.
B. The amino acid requirements determined for adults is assumed to be the requirements f... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::97 | anatomy:test:97 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
In a patient with a normal healthy mouth, you would expect the mucosa covering the alveolar process supporting the mandibular teeth to be
Answer options:
A. light pink in colour on both sides of the mucogingigival junction.
B. light pink below the mucogingival junction and red above it.
C. red below the mucoging... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::clinical_knowledge::test::253 | clinical_knowledge:test:253 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Oxygen is used:
Answer options:
A. in glycolysis.
B. in the conversion of fatty acids to acetyl CoA.
C. in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs' cycle).
D. in glycogenolysis. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::87 | anatomy:test:87 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The seventh cranial nerve supplies
Answer options:
A. taste buds on the posterior third of the tongue.
B. muscles of the soft palate.
C. muscles of the lower lip.
D. the parotid salivary gland. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::292 | nutrition:test:292 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Additional dietary protein may:
Answer options:
A. Increase risk of hip fracture
B. Decrease calcium excretion in the urine
C. Stimulate production of insulin-like growth hormone
D. Reduce muscle mass and strength | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::38 | high_school_biology:test:38 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following statements most detracts from the claim that the human appendix is a completely vestigial organ?
Answer options:
A. The appendix can be surgically removed with no immediate ill effects.
B. The appendix might have been larger in fossil hominids.
C. The appendix has a substantial amount of d... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::166 | professional_medicine:test:166 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 15-year-old male presents to the office with the complaint of painless swelling in the left testicle that has varied in size over the past several months. There is no history of trauma. The lesion transilluminates well, and no inguinal nodes are palpable. Findings from a testicular scan are normal. The most app... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::186 | nutrition:test:186 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Fibre supplements
Answer options:
A. May be helpful in diverticular disease
B. Are always easily fermented by colonic bacteria
C. Are usually derived from soluble fibre sources
D. Should be avoided in constipation | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::35 | college_medicine:test:35 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following releases most energy when completely oxidised in the body?
Answer options:
A. One gram of glucose
B. One gram of palmitic acid
C. One gram of leucine
D. One gram of alcohol | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::95 | college_biology:test:95 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Both C4 and CAM plants employ physiological and biochemical strategies to reduce photorespiration. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two strategies?
Answer options:
A. C4 plants fix CO2 as the 4-carbon acid oxaloacetate, while CAM plants fix CO2 as the 5-carbon acid ribulose 1, 5-bisphospha... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::medical_genetics::test::51 | medical_genetics:test:51 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
On average, how many fragments would a restriction enzyme which recognizes a specific 4 base sequence in DNA be expected to cleave a double-stranded bacteriophage with a genome size of 5,000 bp into?
Answer options:
A. about 2
B. about 4
C. about 20
D. about 50 | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::163 | college_medicine:test:163 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
With an increasing number of sprints the:
Answer options:
A. anaerobic contribution progressively increases.
B. pH of the muscle falls below 6.0.
C. blood glucose concentration falls below 3 mmol/L.
D. relative contribution of aerobic metabolism increases. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::virology::test::131 | virology:test:131 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The rotavirus is an important cause of which of the following?
Answer options:
A. Respiratory infection in adults
B. Gastroenteritis in children
C. Diarrhoea and vomiting in adults
D. Cancer | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::80 | college_biology:test:80 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Cancer cells grown in culture are similar to normal cells grown in culture in that they
Answer options:
A. divide an indefinite number of times
B. do not display contact inhibition
C. require a surface for attachment in order to grow
D. proliferate to the same cell density | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::virology::test::34 | virology:test:34 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
How is next generation sequencing (NGS) most often used?
Answer options:
A. To identify a newly discovered virus
B. To search for drug resistant mutants
C. To identify quasi species viruses
D. Cannot be used | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::medical_genetics::test::69 | medical_genetics:test:69 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following karyotypes is not compatible with survival to birth?
Answer options:
A. 47,XY,+13
B. 47,XX,+18
C. 47,XY,+21
D. 45,Y | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::210 | professional_medicine:test:210 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 47-year-old man comes to the physician 12 hours after the sudden onset of a severe occipital headache and stiff neck. He has not had any other symptoms and has no history of severe headache. He has hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Current medications include hydrochlorothiazide and ranitidine. ... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::75 | professional_medicine:test:75 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 45-year-old woman with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of progressive shortness of breath and nonproductive cough. Her temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F), pulse is 82/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 136/85 mm Hg. Crackles are heard in both lowe... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::40 | college_biology:test:40 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A stem-boring beetle has laid its eggs in the center of a 5-year-old wood twig, and the eggs have matured into larvae. In proper order (inside to outside), what tissues and tissue regions would the larvae encounter as they eat their way toward the outside of the twig? (For simplicity, assume that the epidermis ha... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::116 | anatomy:test:116 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Ectoderm gives rise to
Answer options:
A. the neural tube.
B. ectomesenchymal cells.
C. dental enamel.
D. all three structures. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::105 | college_medicine:test:105 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Rational choice theory is premised on the concept that actions are chosen based on the benefit to the individual. The three main assumptions of rational theory are completeness, transitivity, and independence of variables. This is most accurately described as what kind of system?
Answer options:
A. Hierarchical
... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::84 | anatomy:test:84 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which orbital wall is most likely to collapse in a 'blow out' fracture?
Answer options:
A. The roof
B. The floor
C. The lateral wall
D. The medial wall | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::148 | college_medicine:test:148 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
According to attachment theory, which of the following children is most likely to attach to a male psychologist, previously unknown to the child, in the course of a psychological study?
Answer options:
A. A two month old female infant raised in a safe, stable environment
B. A five month old male infant raised in... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::6 | college_medicine:test:6 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Sauna use, sometimes referred to as "sauna bathing," is characterized by short-term passive exposure to extreme heat. This exposure elicits mild hyperthermia – an increase in the body's core temperature – that induces a thermoregulatory response involving neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and cytoprotective mechani... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::118 | high_school_biology:test:118 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
All of the following organs in the digestive system secrete digestive enzymes EXCEPT the
Answer options:
A. mouth
B. stomach
C. gall bladder
D. small intestine | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::130 | high_school_biology:test:130 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time. Which of the following terms best describes this?
Answer options:
A. artificial selection
B. directional selection
C. stabilizing selection
D. disruptive selection | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::18 | nutrition:test:18 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which country has undergone the most rapid nutrition transition in the last two decades?
Answer options:
A. China
B. Sweden
C. Britain
D. India | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::clinical_knowledge::test::106 | clinical_knowledge:test:106 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The sex of a child is dictated by the inheritance of:
Answer options:
A. the number of X chromosomes from the mother.
B. a recessive allele on the X chromosome.
C. a single Y chromosome from the mother.
D. a single Y chromosome from the father. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::203 | professional_medicine:test:203 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A previously healthy 14-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever and pain and swelling of the right knee. She remembers injuring the knee while playing soccer last week, but she was able to finish the game. She has no history of rash or joint pain. Her sister has inflammatory ... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::190 | professional_medicine:test:190 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 68-year-old female presents to the emergency department with a 3-day history of worsening fever and headache. Today the patient is nauseated and less responsive. Lumbar puncture reveals a protein level of 89 mg/dL (reference range: 15-45 mg/dL) with pleocytosis. The most likely etiologic organism is
Answer opt... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::92 | college_medicine:test:92 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Walking down a street late at night, an adult male pedestrian notices a young female on the ground, not moving. The female is on the opposite side of the street. Crossing the street, the pedestrian notices that the young woman appears both much wealthier than he is and is of a different ethnicity. Seeing no one e... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::83 | nutrition:test:83 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
It is correct to state that for the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa:
Answer options:
A. Fluoxetine is considered of benefit
B. The first approach is to discuss body image
C. It is not useful to discuss weight with patients
D. Treatments should target exclusively on purging practices | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::14 | college_medicine:test:14 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A patient comes into the ER looking extremely agitated. They are acting aggressive, and claiming they need medication or “bad things will happen”. What is the likely state of this patient’s dopamine system?
Answer options:
A. There is decreased dopamine in the synaptic cleft.
B. There are decreased dopamine rece... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::219 | high_school_biology:test:219 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A feature of amino acids NOT found in carbohydrates is the presence of
Answer options:
A. carbon atoms
B. oxygen atoms
C. nitrogen atoms
D. hydrogen atoms | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::74 | college_medicine:test:74 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber (MERRF) is an extremely rare disorder that affects neuromuscular systems. MERRF results from a mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that impairs protein synthesis, oxygen consumption, and energy production. When an affected male and a normal female reproduce, which of the ... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::52 | anatomy:test:52 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which sequence describes the systemic circulation?
Answer options:
A. Left ventricle → aorta → arteries → veins → capillaries
B. Left ventricle → aorta → arteries →capillaries → veins
C. Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → arteries → capillaries →veins
D. Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → arteries → veins → ca... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::clinical_knowledge::test::217 | clinical_knowledge:test:217 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Endurance training increases the muscle's capacity to:
Answer options:
A. contract faster.
B. break down phosphocreatine.
C. burn fat and carbohydrate.
D. generate energy anaerobically. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::212 | nutrition:test:212 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which statement about intestinal "brakes" and "accelerators" is FALSE?
Answer options:
A. Dietary starch is a potent stimulator of small intestinal motility because it causes insulin release from the pancreas
B. Food in the stomach causes gastrin release, which stimulates acid secretion
C. Short-chain fatty acid... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::59 | college_biology:test:59 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following is a biological attribute that would most likely allow a species to become cosmopolitan in distribution?
Answer options:
A. Extreme habitat specialization
B. K-selected reproductive rate
C. Limited dispersal abilities
D. Capacity for long-distance dispersal | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::58 | anatomy:test:58 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following is the point at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another neuron?
Answer options:
A. Dendrite
B. Glial cell
C. Nerve center
D. Synapse | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_biology::test::25 | college_biology:test:25 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The process in which pioneer species colonize a bare substrate such as rock, sand, or glacial till is known as
Answer options:
A. weathering
B. stabilizing succession
C. secondary succession
D. primary succession | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::107 | nutrition:test:107 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which statement about absorption from the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract is most correct?
Answer options:
A. The absorption of glucose is associated with sodium uptake.
B. Fructose is absorbed more rapidly than glucose.
C. Galactose and fructose are absorbed by the same transporter at the brush border membrane.
D.... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::clinical_knowledge::test::168 | clinical_knowledge:test:168 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following is true about jaundice?
Answer options:
A. Pale stools and dark urine are characteristic of the jaundice of haemalytic anaemia
B. Bilirubin is used by the liver in the synthesis of red blood cells
C. Itching may be a sign of obstructive jaundice
D. Putting a danger of infection sticker on ... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::211 | high_school_biology:test:211 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
All of the following support the endosymbiotic theory that ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts were once independent, free-living prokaryotes EXCEPT:
Answer options:
A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide independently of the eukaryotic host cell by a process similar to binary fission.
B. Mitochondria an... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::professional_medicine::test::6 | professional_medicine:test:6 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
A 72-year-old woman with advanced ovarian cancer metastatic to the liver is brought to the physician by her son because she cries all the time and will not get out of bed. On a 10-point scale, she rates the pain as a 1 to 2. She also has hypertension and major depressive disorder. She has received chemotherapy fo... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::20 | anatomy:test:20 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
Answer options:
A. Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
B. Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
C. In the upper wall of the right atrium
D. In the upper wall of the left ventricle | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::48 | college_medicine:test:48 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) is a serious complication seen in infants born prematurely who have a compromised ability to facilitate oxygen diffusion across their alveolar membranes. This is caused by inadequate surfactant production. What role does surfactant play in facilitating oxygen diffusio... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::virology::test::76 | virology:test:76 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Poliovirus can most easily become more virulent by which of the following processes?
Answer options:
A. Mutation of the RNA genome at only a few positions
B. Recombining with another enterovirus
C. Altering its protein coat
D. Multiple nucleotide deletions and substitutions | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::clinical_knowledge::test::231 | clinical_knowledge:test:231 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
In all-out exercise such as sprinting the first fibre types to fatigue are the:
Answer options:
A. Type I fibres.
B. Type Ia fibres.
C. Type IIa fibres.
D. Type IIX fibres. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::virology::test::63 | virology:test:63 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Describe the coronavirus structure.
Answer options:
A. Club shaped glycoprotein spikes protrude through a lipid bilayer
B. An icosahedral structure with an envelope
C. An icosahedral large pleomorphic virus
D. Large regimented barrel shaped virus | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::239 | high_school_biology:test:239 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The major difference between cartilage and bone is that cartilage
Answer options:
A. is a part of the skeletal system
B. is composed of collagen and salts
C. lacks blood vessels and nerves
D. secretes a matrix | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::virology::test::32 | virology:test:32 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Deep nucleotide sequencing (NGS) is now cheap enough for general application. What will the technique mainly be useful for?
Answer options:
A. Speedy vaccine development
B. Identifying genetic variation
C. Giving details on virus excretion in symptomless carriers
D. Quickly identifying new viruses | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::college_medicine::test::132 | college_medicine:test:132 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following factors does not influence success in sport?
Answer options:
A. Ability to tolerate heavy training without succumbing to illness or injury.
B. Tactics.
C. The diet.
D. Ingestion of carnitine during exercise. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::nutrition::test::293 | nutrition:test:293 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Greater milk consumption
Answer options:
A. Has been reported to be associated with a higher incidence of fracture and higher mortality in a few studies
B. During puberty seems to be associated with higher bone mineral density in later life
C. Is consistently associated with a lower rate of fractures
D. In count... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::virology::test::47 | virology:test:47 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Papillomaviruses cause warts and cancer but how do they most often infect humans?
Answer options:
A. Are water borne
B. Are airborne
C. Via scratches and breaks in the skin
D. Are nosocomial and spread in hospitals | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::high_school_biology::test::178 | high_school_biology:test:178 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural selection is based?
Answer options:
A. There is heritable variation among individuals.
B. Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.
C. Species produce more offspring than the environment can support.
D. Individuals whose charact... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::91 | anatomy:test:91 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
On which surfaces of the teeth is dental plaque most likely to accumulate in the mouth of a patient with poor oral hygiene?
Answer options:
A. The palatal surfaces of the upper molars and lingual surfaces of the lower incisors.
B. The buccal surfaces of the upper molars and lingual surfaces of the lower incisors... | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::anatomy::test::124 | anatomy:test:124 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
Parasympathetic preganglionic axons leave the CNS with the
Answer options:
A. cervical spinal nerves.
B. thoracic spinal nerves.
C. lumbar spinal nerves.
D. sacral spinal nerves. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
mmlu_medical::clinical_knowledge::test::133 | clinical_knowledge:test:133 | 2mmlu_medical | Task:
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex:
Answer options:
A. is located in the sarcoplasm.
B. catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
C. catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate.
D. catalyses the conversion of lactate to pyruvate. | openai/gpt-oss-120b:nitro | none | mmlu_medical_json | 1 | 0 | 0 | {"expected_route_complexity":"low"} |
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