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14,100 | 25,489,352 | Our systematic review confirms that international recommendations on exercise for knee osteoarthritis also apply to subjects aged 70 - 80 years . | BACKGROUND Rheumatologic and geriatric scholarly organisations recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis , which emphasise the usefulness of non-pharmacological therapies , are not scaled according to patient 's age and physical condition .
We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials on ... | OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of aquatic exercise and education on fall risk factors in older adults with hip osteoarthritis ( OA ) . METHOD Seventy-nine adults , 65 years of age or older with hip OA and at least 1 fall risk factor , were r and omly assigned to 1 of 3 groups : aquatics and education ( AE ; aquatic e... |
14,101 | 20,685,716 | The effects of cigarette smoke are dose-dependent and are influenced by the presence of other toxic substances and hormonal status .
Individual sensitivity , dose , time and type of exposure also play a role in the impact of smoke constituents on human fertility .
All stages of reproductive functions are targets of cig... | BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is associated with lower fecundity rates , adverse reproductive outcomes and a higher risk of IVF failures .
Over the last few decades , prevalence of smoking among women of reproductive age has increased .
This review focuses on current knowledge of the potential effects of smoke toxicants... | OBJECTIVE To assess the association between recent cigarette smoking ( CS ) in female and male partners and assisted reproduction technology ( ART ) outcomes . DESIGN Cohort prospect i ve study . SETTING University ART program in Chile . PATIENT(S ) One hundred sixty-six couples seeking pregnancy through ART . INTERVEN... |
14,102 | 18,180,786 | Modest weight loss generated preferential loss of VAT , but with greater weight loss this effect was attenuated .
The method of weight loss was not an influence with one exception .
Very-low-calorie diets ( VLCDs ) provided exceptional short-term ( < 4 weeks ) preferential VAT loss .
Conclusions : Visceral adipose tiss... | Background : Visceral adipose tissue ( VAT ) is associated with greater obesity-related metabolic disturbance .
Many studies have reported preferential loss of VAT with weight loss .
Objective : This systematic review looks for factors associated with preferential loss of VAT relative to subcutaneous abdominal fat ( SA... | This study examined the effects of aerobic exercise without weight loss , a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet , and diet plus exercise ( D+E ) on total abdominal and visceral fat loss in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes . Thirty-three postmenopausal women ( body mass index , 34.6 + /- 1.9 kg/m(2 ... |
14,103 | 27,175,071 | The preponderance of evidence suggests a positive impact of PSPs on adherence , clinical and humanistic outcomes .
Although less often measured , health care utilization and costs are also reduced following PSP implementation . | BACKGROUND Patient support programs ( PSPs ) , including medication management and counseling , have the potential to improve care in chronic disease states with complex therapies .
Little is known about the program 's effects on improving clinical , adherence , humanistic , and cost outcomes .
PURPOSE To conduct a tar... | BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and diabetes account for one-third of the mortality difference between African American and white patients . We evaluated the effect of a CVD risk reduction intervention in African Americans with diabetes . METHODS We r and omized 359 African Americans with type 2 diabetes to r... |
14,104 | 18,339,376 | RESULT ( S ) Women with subserosal fibroids had no differences in their fertility outcomes compared with infertile controls with no myomas , and myomectomy did not change these outcomes compared with women with fibroids in situ .
Women with intramural fibroids appear to have decreased fertility and increased pregnancy ... | OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fibroids on fertility and of myomectomy in improving outcomes . | Eleven women with a history of infertility and uterine leiomyomas underwent magnetic resonance ( MR ) imaging of the pelvis prior to myomectomy . Nine also underwent preoperative pelvic ultrasonography ( US ) , and ten underwent hysterosalpingography . All studies were interpreted prospect ively by independent obser... |
14,105 | 15,994,688 | Diverse psychosocial or psychological interventions do not significantly reduce the number of women who develop postnatal depression .
The most promising intervention is the provision of intensive , professionally based postpartum support | OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of psychosocial and psychological interventions compared with usual antepartum , intrapartum , or postpartum care on the risk of postnatal depression . | OBJECTIVE This project aim ed to evaluate the impact of a home visiting programme that targeted families where the child , for environmental reasons , was at great risk of poor health and developmental outcomes . METHODOLOGY Women in the immediate postpartum period were recruited to a r and omized double-blind controll... |
14,106 | 28,278,726 | Immunohistochemistry-determined cell-of-origin , and BCL2 and BCL6 translocation status added no additional prognostic value .
Half of the studies on gene expression profiling-determined cell-of-origin and MYC translocation status found that germinal center B-cell – like ( GCB ) and no translocation were associated wit... | Abstract We examined the additional prognostic value for survival of cell-of-origin , and MYC , BCL2 and BCL6 translocation status to that provided by the International Prognostic Index in newly-diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( DLBCL ) patients treated firstline with rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy . | Prognosis studies are investigations of future events or the evaluation of associations between risk factors and health outcomes in population s of patients ( 1 ) . The results of such studies improve our underst and ing of the clinical course of a disease and assist clinicians in making informed decisions about how be... |
14,107 | 23,152,252 | We were unable to draw conclusions about the difference in adverse events between interventions , however recent studies suggest that pre-quit NRT does not increase adverse events .
AUTHORS ' CONCLUSIONS Reducing cigarettes smoked before quit day and quitting abruptly , with no prior reduction , produced comparable qui... | BACKGROUND The st and ard way to stop smoking is to quit abruptly on a design ated quit day .
A number of smokers have tried unsuccessfully to quit this way .
Reducing smoking before quitting could be an alternative approach to cessation .
Before this method is adopted it is important to determine whether it is at leas... | BACKGROUND New ways of improving the efficacy of nicotine therapy need to be explored . We tested whether starting nicotine polacrilex gum treatment 4 weeks before the quit date improved smoking abstinence rates compared with starting treatment on the quit date . METHODS An open r and omized trial of 314 daily smokers ... |
14,108 | 28,125,861 | Based on low- or moderate- quality evidence using the GRADE approach and generally low risk of bias , the detection rate of CIN2 + or CIN3 + after two years does not appear to differ between immediate colposcopy and cytological surveillance in the absence of HPV testing , although women may default from follow-up .
Imm... | BACKGROUND A significant number of women are diagnosed with minor cytological abnormalities on cervical screening .
Many authorities recommend surveillance as spontaneous regression might occur .
However , attendance for cytological follow-up decreases with time and might put some women at risk of developing invasive d... | Background Large numbers of women who participate in cervical screening require follow-up for minor cytological abnormalities . Little is known about the psychological consequences of alternative management policies for these women . We compared , over 30-months , psychosocial outcomes of two policies : cytological sur... |
14,109 | 30,377,437 | Conclusions Work-related outcomes are rarely reported in journal publication on r and omized , double blind , placebo-controlled trials of h and , hip or knee OA . | Background Osteoarthritis ( OA ) has a high prevalence in Western societies and can affect an individual ’s life in a number of domains , including work .
In our experience , treatment trials on OA , however , rarely report work-related outcomes .
Here we conducted a systematic review to assess the reporting of work-re... | Background The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of 8-weeks ingestion of a commercialized joint pain dietary supplement ( InstaflexTM Joint Support , Direct Digital , Charlotte , NC ) compared to placebo on joint pain , stiffness , and function in adults with self-reported joint pain . InstaflexTM is a jo... |
14,110 | 31,134,155 | Toxicity consisted mainly of nausea and thrombotic events and was higher in combination therapy of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy and hormonal therapy and mTOR inhibitors compared to other therapies .
Conclusion : Tamoxifen or a combination of tamoxifen and progestin should be the preferred choice when selecting sec... | Introduction : Hormonal therapy in endometrial cancer ( EC ) is used for patients who wish to preserve fertility and for patients with advanced or recurrent disease in a palliative setting .
First line hormonal therapy consists of treatment with progestins , which has a response rate of 25 % in an unselected population... | A multicenter phase II trial was conducted to define the activity of letrozole in postmenopausal women with recurrent or advanced endometrial carcinoma , who had no more than one prior line of progestins and never had chemotherapy ( except adjuvant ) . Archival paraffin-embedded tumor sample s were retrieved to determi... |
14,111 | 31,387,247 | Results demonstrated that health status is a potentially important effect modifier as RCTs with higher baseline cholesterol , blood pressure and glycaemia demonstrated greater overall effectiveness , which was also found in studies where specific subgroup analyses were performed . | Plant-based diets rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols have been shown to positively modulate the risk of cardiometabolic ( CM ) diseases .
The inter-individual variability in the response to these bioactives may affect the findings .
This systematic review aim ed to summarize findings from existing r and om... | Potatoes have the highest daily per capita consumption of all vegetables in the U.S. diet . Pigmented potatoes contain high concentrations of antioxidants , including phenolic acids , anthocyanins , and carotenoids . In a single-dose study six to eight microwaved potatoes with skins or a comparable amount of refined st... |
14,112 | 26,633,306 | There is no clear evidence for supporting or rejecting the routine use of leukoreduction in all patients requiring PRBC transfusion for preventing TRALI , death , infection , non-infectious complications and other adverse events . | BACKGROUND A blood transfusion is an acute intervention , implemented to solve life and health-threatening conditions on a short-term basis .
However , blood transfusions have adverse events , some of them potentially related to immune modulation or to a direct transmission of infectious agents ( e.g. cytomegalovirus ... | CONTEXT Allogeneic blood transfusions have immunomodulatory effects and have been associated with activation of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) and cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) in vitro and of HIV in small pilot studies . Retrospective studies suggest that transfusions adversely affect the clinical course of HIV . Data... |
14,113 | 31,998,146 | Results : While AtBM seems to influence attentional bias , its effects on drinking behavior are inconsistent .
As for ApBM , the best effects on drinking behavior are obtained in clinical sample s. Effects of ApBM on approach bias are mixed .
Interestingly , those clinical RCTs which investigated ApBM effects on bias c... | Background : In patients with alcohol use disorder , novel interventions to increase abstinence have attracted growing attention .
Interventions aim ed at modifying cognitive biases linked to alcohol use [ i.e. cognitive bias modification ( CBM ) ] may serve as an add-on to st and ard therapy .
This systematic review t... | This study aim ed to replicate findings that alcohol consumption and positive implicit beer-related cognitions can be reduced using inhibitory control ( IC ) training , with the addition of an active training control . Frontal EEG asymmetry , an objective psychophysiological index of approach motivation , was used as a... |
14,114 | 32,167,233 | In conclusion , there is evidence that , on average , lifestyle interventions can lead to small increases in children 's daily water consumption . | The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta- analysis on the effectiveness of interventions to increase children 's water consumption . | BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages and maternal weight are strong drivers of child obesity , but few studies have targeted these risk factors as an obesity prevention strategy in children . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a smartphone-delivered intervention to reduce parent-provided ... |
14,115 | 29,017,560 | Intra-pregnancy nonsurgical periodontal therapy improved periodontal clinical parameters ( periodontal pocket depth , clinical attachment level , and bleeding on probing ) and reduced biomarker level from gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) , and some from blood serum ; however , it did not influence biomarker level from... | Background The aim of this systematic review with meta- analysis was to analyze the effects of intra-pregnancy nonsurgical periodontal therapy on periodontal inflammatory biomarkers and adverse pregnancy outcomes . | Periodontal disease ( PD ) in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage and preterm birth . Evidence exists that periodontal disease treatment may reduce inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) and the risk of inflammation-associated pregnancy... |
14,116 | 25,373,519 | The findings suggest that couple counselling for the prevention of vertical transmission ; gender empowerment , community mobilization , and female condom promotion for female sex workers ; exp and ed female condom distribution for the general population ; and post-exposure HIV prophylaxis for rape survivors are cost-e... | INTRODUCTION Harmful gender norms and inequalities , including gender-based violence , are important structural barriers to effective HIV programming .
We assess current evidence on what forms of gender-responsive intervention may enhance the effectiveness of basic HIV programmes and be cost-effective . | Women who exchange sex for money or other goods , that is , female sex workers , are at increased risk of experiencing physical and sexual violence from both paying and intimate partners . Exposure to violence can be exacerbated by alcohol use and HIV/STI risk . The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of a... |
14,117 | 22,350,195 | Data from 12 RCTs passed quality assessment criteria and provided evidence of positive changes in non-behavioural outcomes ( e.g. knowledge and self-efficacy ) .
Intervention effects on behavioural outcomes , such as condom use , were generally limited and did not demonstrate a negative impact ( e.g. earlier sexual ini... | null | null |
14,118 | 25,402,463 | Several demonstrated no difference or an increased risk of adverse outcome among persons with DM and tight control of HTN as compared to usual control .
Several demonstrated lack of benefit of statins among persons with end-stage renal disease .
CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence regarding the effects of multiple co... | BACKGROUND There are concerns about the potential for unintentional harms when clinical practice guidelines are applied to patients with multimorbidity .
The objective was to summarize the evidence regarding the effect(s ) of comorbidity on the outcomes of medication for an index chronic condition . | BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest that calcium-channel blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes and hypertension . We previously reported that antihypertensive treatment with the calcium-channel blocker nitrendipine reduced the risk of cardiovascular events . In this post hoc analysis , we compared the outcome... |
14,119 | 27,390,716 | The results of this analysis indicated that taurolidine-citrate , compared to heparin , was more effective in preventing catheter-related infection ; therefore , it could be considered as a superior strategy .
Nevertheless , compared to heparin-gentamicin combination , taurolidine-citrate is an inferior strategy becaus... | BACKGROUND Prevention of catheter-related infection is of prime importance , .
However , because of the risks caused by the leakage of circulating antibiotics and development of resistance to antibiotics , they are replaced by lock solutions .
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and cost- effectiveness... | Background Taurolidin/Citrate ( TauroLock ™ ) , a lock solution with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity , may prevent bloodstream infection ( BSI ) due to coagulase-negative staphylococci ( CoNS or ' MRSE ' in case of methicillin-resistant isolates ) in pediatric cancer patients with a long term central venous acces... |
14,120 | 27,490,154 | The results of this systematic review and meta- analysis favor a protective effect of neuromuscular training programs on the risk of ACL rupture in female athletes .
This protective effect is more pronounced in soccer players . | BACKGROUND A number of reports have been published on the effectiveness and design of intervention programs for the prevention of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) in female athletes .
The purpose of this study was to systematic ally review the literature to determine the effectiveness of neuromuscular ... | Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in reducing the rate of acute knee injury in adolescent female football players . Design Stratified cluster r and omised controlled trial with clubs as the unit of r and omisation . Setting 230 Swedish football clubs ( 121 in the intervention group , 10... |
14,121 | 31,041,475 | Elcatonin therapies and non-elcatonin medications had comparable fracture rates and bone mineral density change .
Conclusions Based on current evidence , C-E may be considered for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis because it benefits on pain relief and complications .
Moreover , it shows comparable fracture rate and... | Summary The present systematic review aim ed to evaluate bone mineral density ( BMD ) change and complication rates of elcatonin on treating postmenopausal osteoporosis .
The result confirmed efficacy of elcatonin and safety in combination therapies of elcatonin ( C-E ) .
Introduction Postmenopausal osteoporosis is an ... | Summary A r and omized controlled trial was performed to compare the short-term effects of alendronate ( ALN ) and ECT on pain and quality of life ( QOL ) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis . Back pain and QOL [ Short-Form Health Survey ( SF-8 ) ] significantly improved at 1 , 3 , and 6 months in both groups , ... |
14,122 | 31,983,838 | Conclusion : With best possible evidence , it can be inferred that nonsurgical periodontal therapy is safe during pregnancy . | Background and Objectives : The poor maternal oral health in the pregnancy has an impact on the fetus through the oral-systemic link .
Various studies have proven the relationship between poor maternal oral health and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes .
Hence , periodontal therapy becomes indispensable durin... | Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease during the second trimester of gestation on adverse pregnancy outcomes . Material and Methods Pregnant patients during the 1st and 2nd trimesters at antenatal care in a Public Health Center were divided into 2 ... |
14,123 | 29,216,916 | Conclusions Based upon the current systematic review , LLLT ( PBM ) may be considered an effective treatment approach for women with BCRL . | Background Breast cancer related lymphedema ( BCRL ) is a prevalent complication secondary to cancer treatments which significantly impacts the physical and psychological health of breast cancer survivors .
Previous research shows increasing use of low level laser therapy ( LLLT ) , now commonly referred to as photobio... | Various studies have shown biostimulation effects of laser irradiation by producing metabolic changes within the cells . Little is known about the biological effect of laser irradiation on the oral tissues . Among the many physiological effects , it is important to recognize that low-level laser therapy ( LLLT ) may af... |
14,124 | 28,279,251 | RESULTS Apixaban ( Eliquis ® , Bristol-Myers Squibb , USA ; Pfizer , USA ) [ 5 mg bd ( twice daily ) ] was ranked as among the best interventions for stroke prevention in AF , and had the highest expected net benefit .
Edoxaban ( Lixiana ® , Daiichi Sankyo , Japan ) [ 60 mg od ( once daily ) ] was ranked second for maj... | BACKGROUND Warfarin is effective for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation ( AF ) , but anticoagulation is underused in clinical care .
The risk of venous thromboembolic disease during hospitalisation can be reduced by low-molecular-weight heparin ( LMWH ) : warfarin is the most frequently prescribed anticoagulant f... | R and omized clinical trials have identified a population of acute medically ill patients who remain at risk for venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) beyond the st and ard duration of therapy and hospital discharge . The aim of the APEX study is to determine whether extended administration of oral betrixaban ( 35 - 42 days )... |
14,125 | 11,094,464 | Level I evidence exists against the use of diuretics for radiocontrast-induced acute tubular necrosis , and loop diuretics given after vascular surgery .
There is level II evidence that diuretics do not improve outcome in patients with established acute renal failure .
Level II evidence also exists against the use of... | Objective To evaluate the impact of diuretics and dopamine for both the prevention and treatment of renal dysfunction in the acute care setting . | W hat n ~ les of evidence should apply when evpert committees meet to generate recommendations for the clinical management of patients ? Should only the thoroughly vali date d results of r and omized clinical trials be admissible to avoid or minimize the application of useless or harmful therapy ? Or , to maximize the ... |
14,126 | 29,341,310 | RESULTS A deregulated oxidative pathway is clearly evident with elevated superoxide dismutase , decreased catalase and increased lipid peroxidation .
However , similar results have been obtained in other inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis , atopic dermatitis , lichen planus and urticaria .
Some isolated succe... | BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains a topic of extensive debate .
This is partly due to the moderate efficacy of current treatments .
The role of the oxidative stress pathway in vitiligo is a popular although controversial research topic .
OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of the oxidative stress pathway in vit... | Background Vitiligo is a common hypopigmentation disorder with significant psychological impact if occurring before adulthood . A pilot clinical trial to determine the feasibility of an RCT was conducted and is reported here . Methods 12 participants 12 to 35 years old were recruited to a prospect i ve open-label pilot... |
14,127 | 11,726,471 | RESULTS Exposure to a high training load ( duration , frequency , or running distance ) increases the risk of injury , and thus modification of the training schedule can reduce the incidence of injury .
Wearing a knee brace with a patellar support ring may be effective in the prevention of anterior knee pain caused by ... | OBJECTIVES To assess the available evidence for preventive strategies for lower limb soft tissue injuries caused by running . | Eighty-seven male inmates from a state prison and 70 inmates from a county jail volunteered as subjects . The subjects , age 20 to 35 yrs , were assigned r and omly into a control or exercise group . Their Vo2max and treadmill performance values were determined before and after a 20 week jogging program . Training inte... |
14,128 | 25,940,390 | Subgroup analyses indicated that a lesser improvement in MWD was observed in the subgroup with more diabetes patients , and that the subgroup with better baseline walking ability exhibited greater improvement in walking performance .
In addition , similar improvements in walking performance were observed for exercise p... | BACKGROUND Supervised treadmill exercise is the recommended therapy for peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) patients with intermittent claudication ( IC ) .
However , most PAD patients do not exhibit typical symptoms of IC .
The aim of the present study was to explore the efficacy and safety of intensive walking exerci... | OBJECTIVE : To assess the acute metabolic and cardiovascular responses to walking exercise at an intensity corresponding to the heart rate of claudication pain onset and to investigate the effects of a 12-week walking training program at this intensity on walking capacity . METHODS : Twenty-nine patients with intermitt... |
14,129 | 24,799,724 | It appears that ADDs were effective in reducing medication storage errors and the time that nurses spent taking inventory of narcotics and controlled substances .
There was no definitive evidence that using ADDs increased the time that nurses or pharmacists spent with patients , reduced medication errors result ing in ... | BACKGROUND Technologies have been developed over the past 20 years to automate the stages of drug distribution in hospitals , including ordering , dispensing , delivery , and administration of medications , in attempts to decrease medication error rates .
De central ized automated dispensing devices ( ADDs ) represent ... | STUDY OBJECTIVE Our objectives are to describe the outcomes of patients presenting to the emergency department ( ED ) because of an adverse drug event and to compare them with outcomes of patients presenting for other reasons . METHODS This prospect i ve observational study was conducted at Vancouver General Hospital ,... |
14,130 | 27,337,690 | A large effect was found on muscle cross-sectional area following strength training , with small to moderate effects on muscle volume and thickness .
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION S There is preliminary evidence that strength training leads to hypertrophy in children and adolescents with CP .
A paucity of studies exist me... | AIM The aim of this study was to systematic ally review the current literature to determine the impact of strength training on skeletal muscle morphology and architecture in individuals aged 4 - 20 years with spastic type cerebral palsy . | The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of functional progressive resistance exercise ( PRE ) training on walking ability in children with cerebral palsy ( CP ) . Fifty-one ambulant children with spastic CP ( mean age 10 years 5 months , 29 boys ) were r and omized to an intervention ( n=26 ) or co... |
14,131 | 19,961,623 | Main findings of the review were : ( 1 ) school-based interventions generally lead to short term improvements in physical activity levels ; ( 2 ) improvements in physical activity levels by school-based interventions were limited to school related physical activity with no conclusive transfer to leisure time physical a... | Background Although physical activity is considered to yield substantial health benefits , the level of physical activity among European teenagers is not sufficient .
Adolescence is characterized by a decline in physical activity level .
Many studies investigated the effectiveness of interventions promoting physical ac... | OBJECTIVES This study examined the role of behavioral and material factors in explaining educational differences in all-cause mortality , taking into account the overlap between both types of factors . METHODS Prospect i ve data were used on 15,451 participants in a Dutch longitudinal study . Relative hazards of all-c... |
14,132 | 24,998,488 | The cognitive domains of attention , executive function , and memory ( visual and verbal ) showed the most consistent improvements .
CCT and V RCT were moderately effective in long-term improvement of cognition for those at high risk of cognitive decline .
Total intervention time did not mediate efficacy . | The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of cognitive training , specifically computerized cognitive training ( CCT ) and virtual reality cognitive training ( V RCT ) , programs for individuals living with mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) or dementia and therefore at high risk of cognitive decline . | OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of a novel brain plasticity-based computerized cognitive training program in older adults and to evaluate the effect on untrained measures of memory and attention and participant-reported outcomes . DESIGN Multisite r and omized controlled double-blind trial with two treatment gro... |
14,133 | 28,469,495 | The main findings of the review were that acute aerobic exercise improves positive well-being and have the potential to reduce psychological distress and could help reduce the risks of future CVD .
However , due to the limited number of studies , it is still unclear which form of exercise yields superior psychological ... | Introduction : Psychological distress and depression are risk factors for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) .
As such , a reduction in psychological distress and increase in positive well-being may be important to reduce the risk for future development of CVD .
Exercise training may be a good strategy to prevent and assis... | BACKGROUND Although exercise has been shown to relieve depression , little is known about its mechanism or dose-response characteristics . We hypothesized that high intensity progressive resistance training ( PRT ) would be more effective than either low intensity PRT or st and ard care by a general practitioner ( GP )... |
14,134 | 19,588,400 | On a patient , rather than per implant basis , the meta-analyses showed no statistically significant differences for prosthesis and implant failures , though trends , especially in fully edentulous patients , favoured 2-stage ( submerged ) implants .
The 1-stage approach might be preferable in partially edentulous pati... | BACKGROUND Implants may be placed penetrating the oral mucosa ( 1-stage procedure ) or can be completely buried under the oral mucosa ( 2-stage procedure ) during the healing phase of the bone at the implant surface .
With a 2-stage procedure the risk of having unwanted loading onto the implants is minimized , but a se... | PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a 2-stage implant system in a single-stage procedure and to study the impact of the microgap between the implant and the abutment . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty edentulous patients ( Cawood class V or VI ) participated in this study . After r and om... |
14,135 | 30,515,028 | Results : We summarize the literature which highlights that a range of effective VR approaches are available .
A range of benefits were associated with VR interventions , including improvement in motor functions , greater community participation , and improved psychological and cognitive function .
Conclusions : The re... | Background : Virtual reality ( VR ) experiences ( through games and virtual environments ) are increasingly being used in physical , cognitive , and psychological interventions .
However , the impact of VR as an approach to rehabilitation is not fully understood , and its advantages over traditional rehabilitation tech... | Stroke patients usually suffer from asymmetric posture due to hemi-paresis that can result in reduced postural controllability leading to a balance deficit . This deficit increases the risk of falls , which often makes them dependent on caregivers for community ambulation , thus deteriorating their quality of life . Co... |
14,136 | 30,538,485 | Conclusion TOT may have more valid effects than TVT in operative time and hospital stay .
Besides , TOT method showed fewer complications and blood loss than TVT , but there was no significant difference between them .
The scores of VAS , incontinence impact question naire short form-7 ( IIQ-7 ) , and urogenital distr... | Background To evaluate the evidence available on the effects and safety of tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) versus transobturator tape ( TOT ) for female stress urinary incontinence therapy based on r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) . | Introduction and hypothesisThe purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical values of tension-free vaginal tape ( TVT ) , tension-free vaginal tape-transobturator ( TVT-O ) , or tension-free vaginal tape-Secur ( TVT-Secur ) as treatment for female stress urinary incontinence . Methods The pre-operative... |
14,137 | 30,846,002 | Conclusion This review identified emergence of potential ART-resistance mediating k13 mutations in the African region .
Diversity of mutations in pfkelch13 gene is highest in African region compared to SEA .
Mutations outside the pfkelch13 propeller region associated with increased ART parasite clearance half-life occu... | Background Efficacy of artemisinin ( ART ) agents , a critical element of current malaria control efforts is threatened by emergence and spread of resistance .
Mutations in pfkelch13 gene associated with ART-resistance evolved in Southeast Asia ( SEA ) .
k13 mutations whose role in ART-resistance remains unknown , have... | Abstract Background Emergence of artemisinin-resistant malaria in Southeast Asian countries threatens the global control of malaria . Although K13 kelch propeller has been assessed for artemisinin resistance molecular marker , most of the mutations need to be vali date d. In this study , artemisinin resistance was asse... |
14,138 | 11,405,993 | We did not find evidence that a single dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin A per day , given in oil-based formulation in areas with low case fatality , was associated with reduced mortality among children with measles .
However , there was evidence that the same dose given for two days was associated with a reduced risk of ... | BACKGROUND Measles is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality .
Vitamin A deficiency is a recognised risk factor for severe measles .
The World Health Organization ( WHO ) recommends administration of an oral dose of 200,000 IU ( or 100,000 IU in infants ) of vitamin A per day for two days to children with... | OBJECTIVES --To determine whether a single high dose of vitamin A given to all children in communities with high mortality and malnutrition could affect mortality and to assess whether periodic community wide supplementation could be readily incorporated into an ongoing primary health programme . DESIGN --Opportunistic... |
14,139 | 25,010,396 | Ketamine was associated with transient psychotomimetic effects , but no persistent psychosis or affective switches .
CONCLUSION Our meta- analysis suggests that single administrations ketamine are efficacious in the rapid treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression . | BACKGROUND There is growing interest in glutamatergic agents in depression , particularly ketamine , a glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antagonist .
We aim ed to assess the efficacy of ketamine in major depressive episodes . | CONTEXT Existing therapies for major depression have a lag of onset of action of several weeks , result ing in considerable morbidity . Exploring pharmacological strategies that have rapid onset of antidepressant effects within a few days and that are sustained would have an enormous impact on patient care . Converging... |
14,140 | 26,902,972 | Conclusions Current data confirms that PP is an independent risk factor for stroke but is not a predictor of mortality | Background Recent evidence suggests that pulse pressure ( PP ) is a strong cardiovascular diseases ’ risk factor .
We systematic ally evaluated all relevant studies to determine whether PP can be used as an independent predictor of stroke and mortality . | BACKGROUND Recent reports have drawn attention to the importance of pulse pressure as a predictor of cardiovascular events . Pulse pressure is used neither by clinicians nor by guidelines to define treatable levels of blood pressure . METHODS In the Cardiovascular Health Study , 5888 adults 65 years and older were rec... |
14,141 | 20,031,883 | Patient characteristics may be important predictors of AMI readmission ; however , few variables were consistently identified . | BACKGROUND Readmission after acute myocardial infa rct ion ( AMI ) has been targeted for public reporting because it is a common , costly , and often preventable outcome .
To assist in ongoing efforts to risk-stratify patients and profile hospitals through public reporting of performance measures , we conducted a syst... | BACKGROUND Whether there is an association between depression at the time of acute myocardial infa rct ion and subsequent risk of cardiac complications and death remains controversial . Most studies of this risk factor have been limited to patients of single institutions , and this might account for the varying results... |
14,142 | 25,529,408 | Conclusion With the performed statistical approach , a clear benefit in terms of an enhanced chance for pocket closure by co-administration of the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole as an adjunct to non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy has been shown .
However , data calculation failed to show a benefi... | Background Relevant benefits of adjunctive medication of antibiotica after conventional root surface debridement in terms of enhanced pocket depth ( PD ) reduction have been shown .
However , means and st and ard deviations of enhanced reductions are difficult to translate into clinical relevant treatment outcomes such... | AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of scaling and root planing ( SRP ) alone or combined with metronidazole ( MTZ ) or with MTZ and amoxicillin ( AMX ) in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis . METHODS A double-blind , placebo-controlled , r and omized clin... |
14,143 | 25,281,334 | Conclusions All exercise modalities improve EF significantly and there was a significant , positive relationship between aerobic exercise intensity and EF .
Greater frequency , rather than intensity , of resistance exercise training enhanced EF | Background Regular exercise is associated with enhanced nitric oxide ( NO ) bioavailability .
Flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) is used widely to assess endothelial function ( EF ) and NO release .
Objectives The aims of this systematic review and meta- analysis were to ( i ) investigate the effect of exercise modalities ... | It is well established that endothelial dysfunction is present in coronary artery disease ( CAD ) , although few studies have determined the effect of training on peripheral conduit vessel function in patients with CAD . A r and omized , crossover design determined the effect of 8 wk of predominantly lower limb , combi... |
14,144 | 22,993,025 | The recommendation for the use of oral cryotherapy to prevent oral mucositis in patients receiving bolus fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) was maintained , in agreement with the 2007 guidelines .
Conclusions The evidence continues to support the use of oral cryotherapy for prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving bolus 5... | Purpose This systematic review analyzed the strength of the literature and defined clinical practice guidelines for the use of oral cryotherapy for the prevention and /or treatment of oral mucositis caused by cancer therapy . | Severe oral mucositis is a major cause of morbidity following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( AHSCT ) . Cryotherapy , that is , the application of ice chips on the mucosa of the oral cavity during the administration of antineoplastic agents , may reduce the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-r... |
14,145 | 11,828,041 | There is a lack of evidence for the efficacy of relaxation therapies in the management of asthma .
There is some evidence that muscular relaxation improves lung function of patients with asthma but no evidence for any other relaxation technique | BACKGROUND Emotional stress can either precipitate or exacerbate both acute and chronic asthma .
There is a large body of literature available on the use of relaxation techniques for the treatment of asthma symptoms .
The aim of this systematic review was to determine if there is any evidence for or against the clinica... | Asthma patients pose special problems as far as the medical supervision , danger of symptoms and the course of the disease are concerned . Some 90 asthma patients were registered for the treatment in the Heidelberg Medical Clinic . 31 patients who were interested in taking part were r and omized into 3 groups : two tre... |
14,146 | 31,090,863 | In the studies analyzed , considering symptomatic venous thromboembolism , rivaroxaban result ed in higher benefits when compared to enoxaparin | Total knee arthroplasty is an elective procedure performed on relatively healthy individuals .
However , due to the inherent risk of venous thromboembolism , drugs are used for its prophylaxis .
The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to compare the efficacy of enoxaparin... | Post-operative complications after total hip or knee replacement can delay recovery , prolong hospitalisation , increase rates of re-admission and , in the most severe cases , lead to long-term disability or even death . In this analysis of pooled data from four large , r and omised , phase III clinical trials that com... |
14,147 | 25,232,522 | Do patients need continuous passive motion for their post-surgery rehabilitation ?
At the same time , it is becoming apparent that a meticulous operative technique , respecting the soft tissue envelope and knowing the principles of alignment and soft tissue balancing , are some of the parameters that might contribute m... | Total knee replacement ( TKR ) is a widely used operation that has radically improved the quality of life of millions of people during the last few decades .
However , some technical details , concerning the surgical procedure and the rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty , are still a matter of a strong deb... | Background The primary purpose of this r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) was to compare knee-specific outcomes ( stiffness , pain , function ) between patellar retention and resurfacing up to 10 years after primary total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) . Secondarily , we compared re-operation rates . Methods 38 subjects ... |
14,148 | 31,702,610 | In conclusion , in this systematic review and meta- analysis involving studies , the use of epinephrine result ed in a significantly higher likelihood of survival to hospital discharge and ROSC than the non-epinephrine administration , but , there was no significant between group difference in the rate of a favorable n... | AIM Our objective is to assess the effects of epinephrine for out of hospital cardiac arrest .
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest was the most serious medical incidents with an estimated incidence in the United States of 95.7 per 100,000 person years .
Though epinephrine improved coronary and cerebral perfusion , improving a re... | CONTEXT Epinephrine is widely used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest ( OHCA ) . However , the effectiveness of epinephrine use before hospital arrival has not been established . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between epinephrine use before hospital arrival and short- and long-te... |
14,149 | 32,366,269 | Adequacy and appropriateness of external support , functionality of quality improvement teams , leadership characteristics and alignment with national systems and priorities may influence outcomes of quality improvement collaboratives , but the strength and quality of the evidence is weak .
Participation in quality imp... | Quality improvement collaboratives are widely used to improve health care in both high-income and low and middle-income setting s. Teams from multiple health facilities share learning on a given topic and apply a structured cycle of change testing .
Previous systematic review s reported positive effects on target outco... | Background Multiorganisational quality improvement ( QI ) collaborative networks are promoted for improving quality within healthcare . Recently , several large-scale QI initiatives have been conducted in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) environment with successful quantitative results . However , the mechanisms through... |
14,150 | 25,074,854 | Our cumulative , cross-sectional data suggest a similar virological efficacy of abacavir/lamivudine and tenofovir/emtricitabine regardless of the baseline VL | OBJECTIVES The efficacy of abacavir/lamivudine has been reported to be inferior to tenofovir/emtricitabine .
Several r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) investigated the effectiveness and safety of abacavir/lamivudine and tenofovir/emtricitabine combined antiretroviral treatment ( cART ) and we have review ed the a... | CONTEXT Abacavir , a nucleoside analogue , has demonstrated suppression of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) replication alone and in combination therapy . However , the role of abacavir in a triple nucleoside combination regimen has not been evaluated against a st and ard protease inhibitor-containing regimen for i... |
14,151 | 18,692,348 | In the absence of large , comparative r and omized clinical trials , the minimally invasive techniques appear to be at least as effective as surgery in the treatment of lower extremity varicose veins | BACKGROUND Minimally invasive techniques such as endovenous laser therapy , radiofrequency ablation , and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy are widely used in the treatment of lower extremity varicosities .
These therapies have not yet been compared with surgical ligation and stripping in large r and omized clinical... | Background Twenty subjects were treated with either polidocanol ( POL ) or sodium tetradecyl sulfate ( STS ) to compare the efficacy and adverse sequelae of each agent . Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of two widely used sclerosing agents . Methods After the exclusion of saphenofemoral junction incompete... |
14,152 | 27,529,343 | Furthermore , compared with the placebo group , adverse events in the orlistat group were more severe .
In the orlistat trials , we identified important disparities in the reporting of adverse events between protocol s , clinical study reports , and published papers .
Reports of these trials seemed to have systematic a... | BACKGROUND Little is known about how adverse events are summarised and reported in trials , as detailed information is usually considered confidential .
We have acquired clinical study reports ( CSRs ) from the European Medicines Agency through the Freedom of Information Act .
The CSRs describe the results of studies c... | BACKGROUND Long-term maintenance of weight loss remains a therapeutic challenge in obesity treatment . OBJECTIVE This multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was design ed to test the hypothesis that orlistat , a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor , is significantly more effective than a placebo in prevent... |
14,153 | 28,981,991 | The circadian clock is reset in traditional-age college students leading to delayed sleep times .
Newly realized autonomy and increased use of technology also prevent traditional-age college students from obtaining sufficient sleep .
Insufficient sleep may result in poor academic performance influencing subsequent heal... | Insufficient sleep experienced by these students has been linked to insulin resistance , hypertension , diabetes , weight gain , and stress .
Sleep insufficiency increases the risk for pedestrian , motor vehicle , and domestic and occupational injuries . | Background Energy drink consumption has continued to gain in popularity since the 1997 debut of Red Bull , the current leader in the energy drink market . Although energy drinks are targeted to young adult consumers , there has been little research regarding energy drink consumption patterns among college students in t... |
14,154 | 26,683,925 | The overall rates of inappropriate use were 36.7 % ( 95 % CI [ 30.2 , 43.6 ] ) in major cities and 37.5 % ( 95 % CI [ 31.2 , 44.3 ] ) in other cities , respectively ; there was no statistically significant difference ( P > 0.05).In conclusion , China has suffered from a disadvantage in the clinical appropriateness of b... | Abstract The issue of the clinical appropriateness of blood transfusion has become a focus of transfusion medicine worldwide .
In China , irrational uses of blood have often been reported in recent years .
However , to date there lacks a systematic review of the rational uses of blood .
This study aim ed to determine... | BACKGROUND Unilateral total knee replacement ( TKR ) results in a substantial blood loss and 30 to 50 percent of patients receive allogeneic blood transfusion ( ABT ) . Therefore , the effectiveness of a restrictive transfusion trigger ( hemoglobin [ Hb ] level < 8 g/dL ) plus stimulation of erythropoiesis was evaluate... |
14,155 | 23,293,917 | Critical Flicker Frequency has a high specificity and moderate sensitivity for diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathy . | BACKGROUND Minimal hepatic encephalopathy ( MHE ) reduces quality of life , increases the risk of road traffic incidents and predicts progression to overt hepatic encephalopathy and death .
Current psychometry-based diagnostic methods are effective , but time-consuming and a universal ' gold st and ard ' test has yet t... | UNLABELLED Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy ( MHE ) have impaired driving skills , but association of MHE with motor vehicle crashes is unclear . St and ard psychometric tests ( SPT ) or inhibitory control test ( ICT ) can be used to diagnose MHE . The aim was to determine the association of MHE with crashe... |
14,156 | 28,734,125 | In conclusion , there is no significant evidence that aortic-only perfusion of the DBD liver compromises transplantation outcomes , and it may be favored because of its simplicity .
However , there is currently insufficient evidence to advocate for the use of any particular perfusion/preservation fluid over the others ... | The efficacy of cold in situ perfusion and static storage of the liver is a possible determinant of transplantation outcomes .
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is evidence to substantiate a preference for a particular perfusion route ( aortic or dual ) or perfusion/preservation solution in donation ... | The effectiveness of liver preservation solutions remains in evidence . Cold ischemia time , steatosis , exp and ed criterion donors , operational cost , and survival represent important roles in its success . In a prospect i ve cohort study between August 2009 and April 2014 , 178 patients were allocated into an Inst... |
14,157 | 19,265,767 | RESULTS Within the Body Structure and Function category , there was moderate evidence that exercise result ed in improvements in postural instability .
Within the Activity category , there was moderate evidence that exercise was effective for improving balance task performance .
In contrast , within the Participation c... | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson 's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects neurophysiologic function , movement abilities , and quality of life ( QOL ) .
Research examining the effects of exercise has suggested benefits related to a variety of outcomes ; however , no review s have synthesized ... | OBJECTIVES The effectiveness of an exercise intervention for people in early and midstage Parkinson 's disease ( stages 2 and 3 of Hoehn and Yahr ) in improving spinal flexibility and physical performance in a sample of community-dwelling older people is described . DESIGN AND SETTING Fifty-one men and women , aged 55 ... |
14,158 | 28,613,398 | Data for serious neonatal morbidity were not pooled due to high heterogeneity between the three studies that reported it ( 1098 babies ) ( evidence grade d very low).The use of Doppler to evaluate early and late changes in ductus venosus in early fetal growth restriction was not associated with significant differences ... | BACKGROUND Abnormal blood flow patterns in fetal circulation detected by Doppler ultrasound may indicate poor fetal prognosis .
It is also possible that false positive Doppler ultrasound findings could lead to adverse outcomes from unnecessary interventions , including preterm delivery .
OBJECTIVES The objective of thi... | To comprehend the results of a r and omised controlled trial ( RCT ) , readers must underst and its design , conduct , analysis , and interpretation . That goal can be achieved only through total transparency from authors . Despite several decades of educational efforts , the reporting of RCTs needs improvement . Inves... |
14,159 | 30,858,709 | Conclusion The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 ( CTLA-4 ) inhibitors have a significantly higher risk of FAE ( P=0.01 ) , whereas programmed cell death protein 1 ( PD-1 ) inhibitors were not .
The most common CTLA-4-related FAE was gastrointestinal toxicity , and the most common PD-1-related FAE was pulmona... | Background Given the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors ( ICIs ) , a concomitant rise in adverse events is inevitable .
In a recent Phase III trial of ICIs versus placebo , we found the staggering difference of incidence of fatal adverse events ( FAEs ) .
Hence , we should determine the risk of FAEs in ICIs... | BACKGROUND Blockade of programmed death 1 ( PD-1 ) , an inhibitory receptor expressed by T cells , can overcome immune resistance . We assessed the antitumor activity and safety of BMS-936558 , an antibody that specifically blocks PD-1 . METHODS We enrolled patients with advanced melanoma , non-small-cell lung cancer ,... |
14,160 | 21,612,957 | Rates of change were negative across age , sex and day type categories , but varied according to region , with Europe , the USA , Canada and Asia showing decreases and Australia , the UK and Sc and inavia showing increases .
Over the last 103 years , there have been consistent rapid declines in the sleep duration of ch... | BACKGROUND Sleep deficits are associated with a wide range of detrimental physical and mental health outcomes .
There is concern that children are not getting enough sleep , and that sleep duration has been declining .
However , evidence is sparse . | Learning of a procedural motor-skill task is known to progress through a series of unique memory stages . Performance initially improves during training , and continues to improve , without further rehearsal , across subsequent periods of sleep . Here , we investigate how this delayed sleep-dependent learning is affect... |
14,161 | 27,531,591 | Patients who received PEG were significantly less likely to require additional laxative therapies .
Common adverse events in these studies included diarrhoea , abdominal pain , nausea , vomiting and pruritis ani .
The pooled analyses suggest that PEG preparations may be superior to placebo , lactulose and milk of magne... | BACKGROUND Constipation within childhood is an extremely common problem .
Despite the widespread use of osmotic and stimulant laxatives by health professionals to manage constipation in children , there has been a long st and ing paucity of high quality evidence to support this practice .
OBJECTIVES We set out to evalu... | CONTEXT The section of a research article most likely to be read is the abstract , and therefore it is particularly important that the abstract reflect the article faithfully . OBJECTIVE To assess abstract s accompanying research articles published in 6 medical journals with respect to whether data in the abstract coul... |
14,162 | 32,133,540 | The primary results showed that preprocedural ultrasound increased the FPS rate in patients with predicted puncture difficulty but not in patients who were easily punctured .
Preprocedural ultrasound reduced the number of redirections and punctures and decreased the incidence of vascular puncture and backache .
There w... | Neuraxial anesthesia is a common practice in obstetrics .
Evidence suggests that preprocedural ultrasound versus the conventional l and mark location method accurately identifies a given intervertebral space and predicts the needle insertion depth required to reach the spinal canal .
However , whether the preprocedural... | Abstract Difficulties in the palpation of anatomical l and marks in pregnancy due to obesity may create problems in the regional anaesthesia . Objective of this study was to compare ultrasound examination carried out before the procedure with conventional spinal anaesthesia method with papation of bony l and marks in c... |
14,163 | 28,446,418 | The reported compliance rates did not differ by duration of EMA period among studies from either clinical or non clinical setting s. CONCLUSIONS The compliance rate among mobile-EMA studies in youth is moderate but suboptimal .
Study design may affect protocol compliance differently between clinical and non clinical pa... | BACKGROUND Mobile device-based ecological momentary assessment ( mobile-EMA ) is increasingly used to collect participants ' data in real-time and in context .
Although EMA offers method ological advantages , these advantages can be diminished by participant noncompliance .
However , evidence on how well participants c... | OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the relationship between repeated momentary reports of stress and headaches in female adolescents with varying degrees of headache frequency . BACKGROUND Headaches are the most common form of pain reported by adolescents affecting more than a third of all adolescents... |
14,164 | 12,845,347 | RESULTS The data supported the current worldwide recommendation to use proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy with clarithromycin and either metronidazole or amoxycillin .
There are , however , regional differences in success rates that are not completely explained by resistance to either metronidazole or amo... | OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review of the world literature to determine current success rates of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment . | ABSTRACT Culture and susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori strains was performed in a large multinational , multicenter r and omized clinical trial . Culture was carried out on gastric biopsy sample s obtained from 516 patients at entry and had a sensitivity of 99 % when the [13C]urea breath test was used as a ... |
14,165 | 24,311,602 | There is moderate evidence that ( 1 ) tailored ( customised to the patient to control lateral tilt , glide and spin ) and untailored patellar taping provides immediate pain reduction of large and small effect , respectively and ( 2 ) tailored patellar taping promotes earlier onset of vastus medialis oblique ( VMO ) con... | OBJECTIVE Patellar taping is frequently used to treat patellofemoral pain ( PFP ) .
This systematic review and meta- analysis ( 1 ) evaluates the efficacy of patellar taping for patients with PFP , ( 2 ) compares the efficacy of various taping techniques and ( 3 ) identifies potential biomechanical mechanisms of action... | OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of patellar taping on pain control , patellar alignment , and neuromuscular control ( ie , vastus medialis oblique activation , knee extensor moment , etc ) in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome . DATA SOURCES We search ed MEDLINE , SPORT Discus , PEDro , and CINAHL through... |
14,166 | 28,927,284 | Compared to usual care , no negative effects on patient quality of life , knowledge and satisfaction were reported .
Discussion Few rigorous studies evaluated the use of shared medical appointments for chronic illnesses .
Overall , there appears to be no patient harms . | Objectives Shared medical appointments are group appointments , with an optional individual consultation , for patients diagnosed with chronic illnesses .
Shared medical appointments improve diabetes management , but little is known about their use for other illnesses .
The objective was to determine the effect that sh... | Abstract Objective : To compare the effect of individual educational visits versus group visits using academic detailing to discuss prescribing of highly anticholinergic antidepressants in elderly people . Design : R and omised controlled trial with three arms ( individual visits , group visits , and a control arm ) . ... |
14,167 | 19,629,791 | Effective preventive interventions exist primarily for behaviour and , to a lesser extent , emotional problems , and could be disseminated from research to mainstream in Australia , ensuring fidelity to original programmes . | In childhood , mental health problems primarily consist of behaviour and emotional problems .
These affect one in every seven children ( i.e. 200 000 in Australia ) .
Left untreated , up to 50 % of preschool problems continue through the childhood years .
Because of their high prevalence , population -based approaches ... | Objectives : 1 ) To investigate the comorbidity of verbal and nonverbal learning disability subtypes with several domains of behavior problems among 8-year-old children . 2 ) To determine whether receipt of an early intervention modified the association between childhood behavior problems and learning disabilities ( LD... |
14,168 | 15,542,960 | Low doses of corticosteroids are recommended in patients with septic shock .
In the absence of vasopressor requirement , corticosteroids should not be used to treat sepsis .
High-dose corticosteroids are not recommended in severe sepsis . | OBJECTIVE In 2003 , critical care and infectious disease experts representing 11 international organizations developed management guidelines for the use of corticosteroid therapy in patients with sepsis and septic shock that would be of practical use for the bedside clinician , under the auspices of the Surviving Seps... | Nuclear factor-kappaB ( NF-kappaB ) and glucocorticoid receptor-alpha ( GR-alpha ) have diametrically opposed functions in regulating inflammation . We investigated whether unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) is associated with systemic inflammation- induced glucocorticoid resistance and whether pr... |
14,169 | 23,986,463 | In Africa and Asia , LSM is another policy option , alongside LLINs and IRS , for reducing malaria morbidity in both urban and rural areas where a sufficient proportion of larval habitats can be targeted . | BACKGROUND Malaria is an important cause of illness and death in people living in many parts of the world , especially sub-Saharan Africa .
Long-lasting insecticide treated bed nets ( LLINs ) and indoor residual spraying ( IRS ) reduce malaria transmission by targeting the adult mosquito vector and are key components o... | Background Malaria control in Africa is most tractable in urban settlements yet most research has focused on rural setting s. Elimination of malaria transmission from urban areas may require larval control strategies that complement adult mosquito control using insecticide-treated nets or houses , particularly where ve... |
14,170 | 25,952,825 | Conclusion EGDT is not superior to usual care for ED patients with septic shock but is associated with increased utilisation of ICU re sources | Purpose To determine whether early goal -directed therapy ( EGDT ) reduces mortality compared with other resuscitation strategies for patients presenting to the emergency department ( ED ) with septic shock . | OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of fluid resuscitation as guided by lactate clearance rate ( LCR ) and central venous oxygen saturation ( ScvO2 ) in patients with sepsis . METHODS A prospect i ve r and omized control study was conducted . Fifty patients diagnosed with severe sepsis or septic shock from January 2011 t... |
14,171 | 26,561,037 | Bone disease , assessed by changes in PTH levels , is improved by all vitamin D preparations .
However , no consistent differences between routes of administration , frequencies of dosing or vitamin D preparations were demonstrated .
Although fewer episodes of high calcium levels occurred with the non-calcium-containin... | BACKGROUND Bone disease is common in children with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) and when untreated may result in bone deformities , bone pain , fractures and reduced growth rates .
This is an up date of a review first published in 2010 .
OBJECTIVES This review aim ed to examine the benefits ( improved growth rates , ... | BACKGROUND Intermittent oral or intravenous doses of calcitriol given two or three times per week are commonly used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism ( secondary HPT ) . This study was undertaken to compare the biochemical and skeletal responses to thrice weekly intraperitoneal ( i.p . ) versus oral doses of calci... |
14,172 | 25,923,419 | Despite the increase in the number of new studies identified , our overall finding is similar to that of the previous review .
Tailored implementation can be effective , but the effect is variable and tends to be small to moderate .
It is not yet clear how best to tailor interventions and therefore not clear what the e... | BACKGROUND Tailored intervention strategies are frequently recommended among approaches to the implementation of improvement in health professional performance .
Attempts to change the behaviour of health professionals may be impeded by a variety of different barriers , obstacles , or factors ( which we collectively re... | Background The aim of the SPHERE study is to design , implement and evaluate tailored practice and personal care plans to improve the process of care and objective clinical outcomes for patients with established coronary heart disease ( CHD ) in general practice across two different health systems on the isl and of Ire... |
14,173 | 29,376,219 | RCTs with low risk of bias suggested increased melanoma risk .
Results for most outcomes were similar when we included all RCTs in the meta- analysis , regardless of risk of bias .
Summary RRs for site-specific cancers showed limited changes compared with estimates from high- quality studies alone , except for liver ca... | BACKGROUND This review is the third up date of the Cochrane review " Selenium for preventing cancer " .
Selenium is a naturally occurring element with both nutritional and toxicological properties .
Higher selenium exposure and selenium supplements have been suggested to protect against several types of cancer .
OBJECT... | In many observational studies , a higher intake of individual antioxidants is inversely associated with lung cancer risk . Data from in vitro and animal experiments suggest that there are biochemical interactions among antioxidant nutrients ; therefore , consideration of multiple antioxidants simultaneously may be imp... |
14,174 | 31,661,033 | Discussion The planned systematic review and meta- analysis will provide reliable estimates of the risk for major bleeding events during extended anticoagulation . | Background The optimal duration of anticoagulation after a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) remains controversial .
Deciding to stop or continue anticoagulant therapy indefinitely after completing 3 to 6 months of initial treatment requires balancing the long-term risk of recurrent VTE if anticoagulation... | Background Therapeutic decisions in atrial fibrillation ( AF ) are often influenced by assessment of bleeding risk . However , existing bleeding risk scores have limitations . Objectives We sought to develop and vali date a novel bleeding risk score using routinely available clinical information to predict major bleedi... |
14,175 | 24,461,301 | Adverse events were nonsignificantly more frequent and serious with carvedilol .
CONCLUSIONS Carvedilol reduces portal hypertension significantly more than propranolol .
However , available data do not allow a satisfactory comparison of adverse events . | BACKGROUND Propranolol is recommended for prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis .
Carvedilol is a nonselective beta-blocker with a mild anti-alfa-1-adrenergic activity .
Several studies have compared carvedilol and propranolol , yielding inconsistent results .
AIM To perform a systematic review and meta- analys... | BACKGROUND / AIMS A total of 213 patients with compensated cirrhosis , portal hypertension and no varices were included in a trial evaluating beta-blockers in preventing varices . Predictors of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) , including hepatic venous pressure gradient ( HVPG ) were analyzed . METH... |
14,176 | 32,194,453 | The literature used has shown that the population of kidney transplant patients is exposed to a high risk of psychiatric disorders with repercussions on the quality of life and the risk of rejection . | Kidney transplantation is a serious event that involves profound psychological , relational and social changes both for the patient and his family context .
Assessment of personality profile , awareness of disease , family and social support of the patient c and i date for kidney transplantation are necessary because... | Background Little research has explored pre-transplantation psychological factors as predictors of outcome after liver or kidney transplantation . Our objective is to determine whether report of depressive symptoms on waiting list predicts outcome of liver and kidney transplantation . Methods Patients on waiting lis... |
14,177 | 32,274,117 | Conclusions Tai Chi may represent an appropriate alternative or complement to st and ard rehabilitation programs . | Background Tai Chi is a systematic whole body movement developed in ancient China .
It plays an increasingly important role in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) .
Our review aim ed to explore the impact of Tai Chi on the physical and mental health of ... | Background In COPD , functional status is improved by pulmonary rehabilitation ( PR ) but requires specific facilities . Tai Chi , which combines psychological treatment and physical exercise and requires no special equipment , is widely practice d in China and is becoming increasingly popular in the rest of the world ... |
14,178 | 26,888,648 | Conclusions Increases in vagal-related indices of resting and post-exercise HRV , post-exercise HRR , and HR acceleration are evident when positive adaptation to training has occurred , allowing for increases in performance .
However , increases in post-exercise HRV and HRR also occur in response to overreaching , demo... | Background Autonomic regulation of heart rate ( HR ) as an indicator of the body ’s ability to adapt to an exercise stimulus has been evaluated in many studies through HR variability ( HRV ) and post-exercise HR recovery ( HRR ) .
Recently , HR acceleration has also been investigated .
Objective The aim of this systema... | BACKGROUND It is unclear from prior reports whether the relationships between self-ratings of anxiety or emotional stress and parasympathetic nervous system components of heart rate variability are independent of personality and cardiorespiratory fitness . We examined those relationships in a clinical setting prior to ... |
14,179 | 22,527,375 | Conclusion Our results suggest that MRI is superior for the diagnosis of obstructive CAD compared with ECHO and SPECT .
ECHO and SPECT demonstrated similar diagnostic performance .
Key Points• MRI can assess myocardial perfusion.• MR perfusion diagnoses coronary artery disease better than echocardiography or SPECT.• Ec... | Objectives To determine and compare the diagnostic performance of stress myocardial perfusion imaging ( MPI ) for the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease ( CAD ) , using conventional coronary angiography ( CCA ) as the reference st and ard . | Background —With MRI , an index of myocardial perfusion reserve ( MPRI ) can be determined . We assessed the value of this technique for the noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease ( CAD ) in patients with suspected CAD . Methods and Results —Eighty-four patients referred for a primary diagnostic coronary angi... |
14,180 | 28,330,811 | We identified that XRCC1-rs25489 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of urological neoplasms in heterozygote and dominant models .
Moreover , in the subgroup analysis by cancer type , we found that XRCC1-rs25489 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer ( BC ) in heterozygote m... | Polymorphisms in X-ray repair cross-complementing ( XRCC ) genes have been implicated in altering the risk of various urological cancers .
However , the results of reported studies are controversial .
To ascertain whether polymorphisms in XRCC genes are associated with the risk of urological neoplasms , we conducted pr... | We propose a hypothesis that differences in base excision repair capacity modulate the effect of dietary antioxidant intake on prostate cancer risk . As a preliminary test of this hypothesis , we conducted a pilot case-control study to evaluate prostate cancer risk in men with polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene , a ke... |
14,181 | 16,189,168 | Prescribing replacement thyroxine , either with the anti-thyroid drug treatment , or after this was completed , had no significant effect on relapse .
Limited evidence suggested 12 - 18 months of anti-thyroid drug treatment should be used .
The titration regimen appeared as effective as the Block-Replace regimen , and ... | We assessed the effects of dose , regimen and duration of anti-thyroid drug therapy for Graves ' thyrotoxicosis on recurrence of hyperthyroidism , course of ophthalmopathy , adverse effects , health-related quality of life and economic outcomes . | BACKGROUND Antithyroid drugs are effective in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves ' disease , but the rate of recurrence after treatment is high . In a recent Japanese study , adjunctive treatment with thyroxine ( T4 ) was associated with a recurrence rate 20 times lower than that among patients who received on... |
14,182 | 24,951,111 | A trend towards studies reporting greater numbers of VKA control measures over time was observed over our review time horizon , particularly , with AF and observational studies | Objective To aid trialists , systematic review ers and others , we evaluated the degree of st and ardisation of control measure reporting that has occurred in atrial fibrillation ( AF ) and venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) studies since 2000 ; and attempted to determine whether the prior recommendation of reporting ≥2 me... | Background and Purpose Secondary prevention trials do not distinguish outcomes according to stroke cause . The purpose of the study was to determine whether trial efficacy of anticoagulation for secondary prevention could be replicated in clinical practice in strokes of different etiology . Methods A 2-year observation... |
14,183 | 19,008,959 | Our data suggests a genetic contribution to some types of haemorrhagic stroke , with no overall responsible single gene but rather supporting a polygenic aetiology .
Importantly , for several alleles previously found to be associated with protection from ischaemic stroke , there was a trend towards an increased risk of... | BACKGROUND The genetic basis of haemorrhagic stroke has proved difficult to unravel , partly hampered by the small numbers of subjects in any single study .
A meta- analysis of all c and i date gene association studies of haemorrhagic stroke ( including ruptured subarachnoid haemorrhage and amyloid angiopathy-related h... | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Factor V Leiden and a prothrombin gene variant , G20210A , are mutations associated with a thrombotic risk . The aim of our study was to assess whether these mutations increase the risk of stroke in women under 45 years of age . METHODS We conducted a case-control study in western Washington stat... |
14,184 | 27,516,879 | Conclusions : Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with chronic kidney disease caused a modest reduction in hemoglobin A1c versus placebo , but not when compared with sulfonylureas or albiglutide , or when used in patients on dialysis .
Additional active-comparator studies are needed to further eluci date the... | Objective : This up date d meta- analysis determines the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glycemic and tolerability outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease with glomerular filtration rate of ⩽60 mL/min or on dialysis . | Abstract Introduction The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sitagliptin on microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . Material s and Methods A total of 85 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( age > 20 years , < 80 years , hemoglobin A1c [ HbA1c ] < 8.4 % ) were r and omized t... |
14,185 | 27,488,593 | Based on pooled data from r and omized trials published from 1995 to 2016 , the anticipated survival benefit from surgical treatment result ing from earlier detection of metastases has not been achieved | BACKGROUND After potentially curative resection of primary colorectal cancer , patients may be monitored by measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen and /or CT to detect asymptomatic metastatic disease earlier . | Background The possible benefit for patients from follow‐up examinations after curative surgery for colorectal cancer is unproven . The purpose of this study was to determine whether survival is improved by frequent follow‐up examinations Objective To assess whether colon cancer follow-up can be organised by general p... |
14,186 | 21,672,297 | BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)-based guided self-help ( GSH ) has been suggested to be an effective intervention for mild to moderate anxiety and depression , yet the evidence seems inconclusive , with some studies reporting that GSH is effective and others finding that GSH is ineffective .
Meta- analys... | GSH differs in important respects from other levels of self-help , yet the literature regarding exclusively guided self-help interventions for anxiety and depression has not been review ed systematic ally . | BACKGROUND Effective internet-based programs for depression usually incorporate a component that provides telephone or email contact . Open access websites , without such contact , show high rates of attrition and poorer outcomes . The present study was design ed as an exploratory investigation of the parameters that i... |
14,187 | 18,646,120 | There are no high quality data on the efficacy of dietary intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes .
More well- design ed , long-term studies , providing well-reported , high- quality data are required before proper conclusions can be made into the best dietary advice for the prevention of diabetes mellitus i... | BACKGROUND Prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults is a far better option than treatment , to alleviate pressure on health care providers and re sources .
However , there is no current review of the evidence regarding the efficacy of a diet-only intervention for prevention .
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of type and... | D iabetes is one of the most costly and burdensome chronic diseases of our time and is a condition that is increasing in epidemic proportions in the U.S. and throughout the world ( 1 ) . The complications result ing from the disease are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and are associated with the damage o... |
14,188 | 25,406,011 | This review found no conclusive evidence that metformin treatment before or during ART cycles improved live birth rates in women with PCOS .
However , the use of this insulin-sensitising agent increased clinical pregnancy rates and decreased the risk of OHSS | BACKGROUND The use of insulin-sensitising agents , such as metformin , in women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) who are undergoing ovulation induction or in vitro fertilisation ( IVF ) cycles has been widely studied .
Metformin reduces hyperinsulinaemia and suppresses the excessive ovarian production of and rog... | BACKGROUND To study the effect of metformin before and during assisted reproductive technology ( ART ) on the clinical pregnancy rate ( CPR ) in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . METHODS A multi-centre , prospect i ve , r and omized , double-blind study was conducted in eight IVF clinics in four... |
14,189 | 27,699,761 | It is uncertain whether the strategies tested improved the implementation of policies , practice s or programmes that promote child healthy eating , physical activity and /or obesity prevention .
No intervention improved the implementation of all policies and practice s targeted by the implementation strategies relativ... | BACKGROUND Despite the existence of effective interventions and best- practice guideline recommendations for childcare services to implement policies , practice s and programmes to promote child healthy eating , physical activity and prevent unhealthy weight gain , many services fail to do so .
OBJECTIVES The primary a... | INTRODUCTION This study evaluated whether intervening with child care providers would increase physical activity ( PA ) and reduce adiposity in preschoolers . METHODS This was a two-arm , parallel group , cluster RCT whereby six child care centers were r and omly assigned in equal numbers to intervention ( n=40 childr... |
14,190 | 30,630,416 | Conclusion Published feasibility studies for SW-CRTs are scarce and those that are being reported do not investigate issues specific to the complexities of the trial design . | Background Stepped-wedge cluster r and omised trials ( SW-CRTs ) are a pragmatic trial design , providing an unprecedented opportunity to increase the robustness of evidence underpinning implementation and quality improvement interventions .
Given the complexity of the SW-CRT , the likelihood of trials not delivering o... | Pilot studies for phase III trials - which are comparative r and omized trials design ed to provide preliminary evidence on the clinical efficacy of a drug or intervention - are routinely performed in many clinical areas . Also commonly know as " feasibility " or " vanguard " studies , they are design ed to assess the ... |
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