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Blackpill and Bluepill common code
Support for cheap stm32f103c8 based boards such as bluepill and blackpill. More...
Detailed Description
Support for cheap stm32f103c8 based boards such as bluepill and blackpill.
Overview
The bluepill and the blackpill are STM32F103 based board which can be bought for around 2€ on sides like AliExpress, eBay and others. Although the STM32F130C8 MCU nominally has 64 KiB flash, most actually have 128 KiB flash.
There are also versions that only report to have 32 KiB, but actually have 64 KiB.
Hardware
bluepill
MCU
MCU STM32F103C8
Family ARM Cortex-M3
Vendor STMicroelectronics
RAM 20 KiB
Flash 32 KiB/ 64 KiB / 128 KiB
Frequency up to 72 MHz
Timer 3x 16-Bit
ADC 2x 12-bit, 10 channels
UART 3
SPI 2
I2C 2
CAN 1
Vcc 2.0 to 3.6 V
Datasheet Datasheet
Implementation Status
ID Supported
GPIO yes
PWM yes
UART yes
ADC yes
I2C yes
SPI yes
USB no
Timer yes
CAN no
Flashing
To program and debug the board you need a SWD capable debugger. The easiest way is using OpenOCD. By default RIOT uses the hardware reset signal and connects to the chip under reset for flashing. This is required to reliably connect to the device even when the MCU is in a low power mode. Therefore not only SWDIO and SWCLK, but also the RST pin of your debugger need to be connected to the board. Once the device is connected to the debugger and OpenOCD is installed, you can flash the device with:
$ make BOARD=bluepill flash
Or for the blackpill with:
$ make BOARD=blackpill flash
Additional Flash
To make use of the entire 128 KiB flash, compile and flash your application with:
$ make BOARD=bluepill-128kib flash
Or for the blackpill with:
$ make BOARD=blackpill-128kib flash
This sets the CPU_MODEL make variable to stm32f103cb, the default value is stm32f103c8. These two CPU models basically only have one major difference, the former has 128 KiB flash while the latter has 64 KiB.
Flashing for the 128KiB version currently (as of September 2019) requires the development version of OpenOCD.
Connecting via Serial
The default UART port used is UART2, which uses pins A2 (TX) and A3 (RX). To use it, configure your UART to operate at a baudrate of 115200/8N1.
Using PWM
PWM is available at pins A8 to A11.
Known Issues
USB connector
The Micro-USB port is sometimes not soldered properly. Also, it is usually equipped with an incorrect resistor. This can be fixed multiple ways.
Flashing fails
Please check whether the debugger is properly connected, including the hardware reset signal pin.
Pin on Debugger Pin on Blue Pill
SWDIO DIO
SWCLK DCLK
NRST R
GND GND
VDD (3.3V) (*) 3.3
Target VCC (**) 3.3
Most very cheap SWD debuggers (especially those imported for about 2€ from far east) do not have a Target VCC pin; they will still work just fine. On these cheap debuggers the pin to send the reset signal to the board is often either not present or defunct. You can work around this by pressing the reset button when OpenOCD wants to connect to the Blue Pill. Hit the reset button again after flashing in order to boot the newly flashed image.
Where to buy
The board is sold under different names. On some sites it is called bluepill or blue pill. On others you might find it by searching for stm32f103c8 or stm32f103c8t6.
Try eBay or AliExpress.
Further reading
Files
file board_common.h
Peripheral MCU configuration for the bluepill/blackpill board.
file gpio_params.h
Board specific configuration of direct mapped GPIOs.
file periph_conf.h
Peripheral MCU configuration for the bluepill/blackpill boards.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why Callon Petroleum Stock Is Tumbling Today
What happened
Shares of Callon Petroleum (NYSE: CPE) plunged more than 16% by 10:00 a.m. EDT on Monday. Fueling the oil driller's sell-off was its agreement to buy fellow Texas-focused producer Carrizo Oil & Gas (NASDAQ: CRZO) for $3.2 billion, including the assumption of debt.
So what
Callon Petroleum will acquire Carrizo Oil & Gas in an all-stock transaction. The company will pay 2.05 of its shares for each one of Carrizo's. That implies a value of $13.12 per Carrizo share, which is an 18% premium to its trading price over the last 60 days and 25% above Friday's close.
Image source: Getty Images.
This transaction creates a larger-scale oil and gas company that will combine to produce more than 100,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. Further, the pro forma company will hold about 200,000 net acres in Texas' Permian Basin and Eagle Ford Shale. The companies expect the deal to be immediately accretive to earnings and cash flow per share. Further, the combined company should be able to grow production at a double-digit rate in 2020 while generating more than $100 million in free cash flow at current oil prices.
Now what
Smaller oil and gas drillers like Callon and Carrizo have struggled with volatile oil prices and their lack of scale in places like the Permian Basin. That's why many analysts believe that the industry needs to consolidate so that these companies can improve their cost structure. That's what this deal should do, as the combined Callon/Carrizo expects to save $100 million to $125 million per year.
Investors, however, have several concerns with this deal, which is why shares of Callon are plunging. First, it's paying a hefty premium for Carrizo. On top of that, it's expanding into the Eagle Ford Shale, which adds some operational risk. Further, the deal doesn't initially help improve its balance sheet, since both companies had 2.4 times leverage ratios, which was above their 2.0 times target, though next year's free cash flow should help them reach that goal. Still, everything needs to go as planned for this deal to pay off, which is why Callon's stock is under pressure today.
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Matthew DiLallo has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Do insects have exoskeletons?
Answered by Jason Smith
Insects have exoskeletons. In fact, the exoskeleton is one of the defining characteristics of insects. Just like other arthropods, insects have a hard outer covering that provides support and protection for their bodies.
The exoskeleton of an insect is made up of a tough, flexible material called chitin. Chitin is a complex carbohydrate that forms a strong and durable structure. It is similar to the material found in the shells of crustaceans like crabs and lobsters.
The exoskeleton serves several important functions for insects. Firstly, it provides a framework that supports the insect’s body and allows it to retain its shape. Without this rigid structure, insects would not be able to move or function properly.
Additionally, the exoskeleton acts as a protective shield, safeguarding the insect’s delicate internal organs from harm. It serves as a barrier against physical injuries, predators, and environmental hazards. The exoskeleton also helps to prevent water loss, which is crucial for insects that live in dry environments.
However, the exoskeleton is not a perfect solution. It poses some challenges for insects as they grow. Unlike humans and other vertebrates, insects cannot simply grow larger by adding more cells to their bodies. Instead, they must periodically shed their old exoskeleton and replace it with a new, larger one in a process called molting.
During molting, an insect’s exoskeleton splits open, and the insect crawls out. The new exoskeleton is soft and flexible at first, but it hardens and becomes rigid over time. This allows the insect to expand and grow within its new exoskeleton until it eventually outgrows it and needs to molt again.
Molting is a vulnerable time for insects because they are temporarily defenseless without their protective exoskeleton. They are often more susceptible to predation and other dangers during this period. However, molting is necessary for insects to continue growing and adapting to their changing environment.
Insects do have exoskeletons, which are composed of a tough outer layer made of chitin. The exoskeleton provides support, protection, and water regulation for the insect’s body. While it presents challenges during growth, molting allows insects to shed their old exoskeleton and develop a new one to accommodate their increasing size. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Giampaolo Crepaldi
Giampaolo Crepaldi (born 29 September 1947) is a retired archbishop of the Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Trieste from 4 October 2009 until 23 April 2023. He previously served as secretary of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace.
Early life
Crepaldi was born in Pettorazza Grimani, Rovigo. He was ordained on 17 July 1971 in the parish of Villadose. He conducted his pastoral ministry as a curate in the parish of Villanova del Ghebbo and Castelmassa.
Professor
In 1975 he obtained his degree in philosophy from the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy at the State University of Bologna and in 1977 the Diploma of Specialization in Philosophy at the University of Padua. In 1981 he obtained a doctorate in theology at the Pontifical Urban University and, in 1989, a Licentiate in Canon Law at the Pontifical Lateran University. He was a Professor of Pastoral Company at Pontifical Lateran University.
Pastoral work
In 1977 he received the post of Episcopal Delegate for the Pastoral Care and Social Director of the Diocesan Center for Vocational Training and in 1985 he was appointed parish priest of Cambio. In 1986, he perform ministry at the Conference of Catholic Bishops as a Director of the Episcopal Social Problems and Work.
Curial duties
In 1994 he entered the service of the Holy See where he held the post of Under-Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. On 3 March 2001, he was appointed Secretary and Titular Bishop of Bisarcio. He became a Member of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People.
Teacher
In 2003, he founded the International Center "Cardinal Van Thuan" on the Social Doctrine of the Church, of which he is President. He published books, mainly on themes of Church social doctrine. In 2003 he founded the International Center "Cardinal Van Thuan" on the Social Doctrine of the Church, of which he is President.
Bishop
He was consecrated bishop by John Paul II on 19 March 2001. Bishop Crepaldi was appointed Bishop of Trieste with the title of Archbishop by Pope Benedict XVI on 4 July 2009. He was installed in Trieste on 4 October 2009.
He resigned from his position after reaching 75, as canon law prescribes. Pope Francis accepted his resignation and appointed him to be apostolic administrator of the Diocese, until a new bishop was appointed. He left that position on 23 April 2023, when Enrico Trevisi became the new Bishop of Trieste.
Views
Archbishop Giampaolo Crepaldi stated that African farmers be allowed to use new biotechnology, including genetically modified organisms, to help lift their continent out of poverty. | WIKI |
1 Reply Latest reply on Apr 11, 2016 3:48 AM by MarXtar
How do you identify assests not for replacement?
ferrispd Apprentice
Hello all,
We replace our users computer on the 3 year warranty cycle, but some have second workstations (usually out of warranty), which we do not replace. Any recommendations for how to identify these workstations, electronically (LANDesk) and physically?
• 1. Re: How do you identify assests not for replacement?
MarXtar ITSMMVPGroup
Is there anything at all that differentiates them that the inventory can pickup?
What is your process for deciding when and for allocating second workstations? Do you get involved with them at all?
Providing there is a point at which you get involved then you have a few options.
1 - You could simply rename any system that is a second workstation so that they follow a naming convention that allows you to easily identify them
2 - You could send a registry change package so that the inventory can find these systems
Both of the above have issues if the users are allowed to do anything they want to the devices including rebuilding the OS. In this case you might need to hook into unique hardware settings in some way.
1 - Create a query that is tied to the MAC address of the device and modify the query each time there is another 'second' workstation allocated (if there are lots this could be a very long query)
2 - If you have LDDA you could look at using a spreadsheet (or other) source to allow you to mark any inventory record that contains the MAC address as a 'second workstation'
So it depends a bit on how you work today, how you could potentially work in the future and what you already own of LANDESK. Hope this gives you a few ideas though.
Mark McGinn
MarXtar Ltd/MarXtar Corporation
http://landeskone.marxtar.co.uk
LANDESK One Development Partner
Try MarXtar State Management for LANDESK to Better Understand and Manage your Assets | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The New Facial Rejuvenation Procedures: Surgical Vs. Non-Surgical Options
The New Facial Rejuvenation Procedures: Surgical Vs. Non-Surgical Options
The Three Ways of Facial Aging – Facial aging has always been associated with the visual signs of sagging skin. For decades, the favored treatment of this sagging skin has been a facelift. When aging recurred, another facelift was done, and so on. After a second or third facelift, the individual no longer looked natural, and instead had a “tight or pulled” appearance. Over the last 10 years, there has been a general “awakening” and acknowledgment among plastic surgeons as to how aging really occurs. Aging in the face occurs in three ways:
1. There is a loss of fat or volume in the face.
2. There is photo damage from the sun’s harmful rays
3. There develops an abundance of hanging excess skin.
So what do each of these components look like?
— Loss of fat or volume in the face leaves a sallow, hollow or deflated appearance. Areas most commonly affected by fat loss are the tear trough (the groove that forms below the lower eyelid fat bag), the cheeks, temples, lips and upper eyelids.
— Photo damage is caused by solar radiation. The sun’s radiating rays physically break the elastic fibers in the skin and damage the DNA of the skin causing cells to grow with abnormal coloration (sun spots and freckles) or even to develop skin cancer. Those who have spent too much time in the sun will manifest the sun damage as fine wrinkles around the eyes and lips, sun spots and freckles, and a dull leathery texture to the skin.
— Aging, the sagging skin, is seen as large hanging bags under the eyes, eyebrows which hang so low as to hood the eyes, hanging jowls, and loose skinned necks.
From the 1960’s through the 1990’s, each of these three distinct signs of aging was solved with one procedure: the facelift. At the time, this procedure was complex and had a long recovery time. Newer “mini-lift” techniques were then developed which gave the same or better results than a traditional facelift with less risk and recovery time. In more recent years non-surgical facial procedures have become very popular. The results of these office procedures are more subtle and far less expensive than a facelift and there is minimal downtime. Anyone who has looked into these new procedures knows that the options seem endless – Botox, fillers, peels, lasers, Thermage, SilkPeel etc…. the list goes on. The big question is, how do you choose?
Botox, Fillers and Volumising– If an individual has a gaunt, sallow face, then deep fillers or “volumizers” are an appropriate choice. These include fillers such as Sculptra, Juvederm and Restylane. These fillers are used in a non-traditional way to make the face look fuller and more youthful i.e. instead of just “plumping” a specific wrinkle or crease, the fillers are injected deeply to globally “lift” the deep tissues, fat and skin of the face. This is like blowing air back into a deflated balloon, making it look more taut and firm.
Sculptra is a synthetic injectable material known as poly-L-lactic acid. Once this bio-stimulator is injected below the surface of the skin, it helps your body regenerate its own collagen. Sculptra is used to plump up larger surfaces of the skin, creating an overall smooth appearance without any scarring. Its effect will last two to three years.
Botox is a muscle relaxer and is not a filler. Botox is best at treating expression lines because it relaxes the muscles underneath the wrinkle site, therefore relaxing or eliminating the wrinkle. Botox is also the only product that prevents new wrinkles and makes sure that current wrinkles don’t deepen.
The product or combination of products you choose is dependent on what you want to correct, how long you want your results to last, and how much you are willing to spend. A trained plastic surgeon can guide you through the myriad of options.
Laser Skin Resurfacing for Photo Damage -To treat the effects of too much time spent in the sun (ie. freckles, sun spots, leathery skin texture), the options include chemical peels, laser peels, SilkPeel dermabrasion, Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), Photodynamic Therapy or a combination of these options.
One of the more interesting laser treatments is called Fractionated Laser Treatment, i.e. the Sciton Profractional Laser. This treatment performed under a topical anesthetic produces thousands of tiny laser columns that reach deep beneath your skin. These lasers can minimise unwanted pigmentation and cause new collagen growth and tightening within the dermis. Because the laser beams are fractionated, i.e. hundreds of tiny beams instead of one large one, they leave skin in between laser spots unaffected and intact. This allows the skin to heal much faster than with a traditional laser treatment. Therefore, the visible side effects are much less intense and there is less downtime.
A New Kind of Surgical Face Lift-If loose or excess skin and/or excess fat of the face or neck is your main concern, the best option for you may be a surgical facelift. Advancements in facelift techniques now allow plastic surgeons to work faster, more safely and in some cases less expensively. With this new kind of facelift, smaller incisions are made which not only result in less swelling but also in less visible scarring. Depending on the patient and the procedure they are having done, the anesthesia can be general (asleep) or local (“freezing”). These new “mini lift” procedures are most often done as a day surgery and patients can usually return to work or social activities in 10 – 14 days.
Facial rejuvenation in 2010 offers an incredible variety of safe and effective options, with even more choices on the horizon. The choice of fillers, lasers or lifts will depend on your esthetic goals, your timeline and your budget. In order to best achieve your goals, make sure that your doctor has the qualifications and experience to offer you all of these different options. Your results should not be limited by your doctor’s training. At your consultation, be prepared with a list of questions and keep an open mind. Remember that no single treatment can by itself treat sun damage, volume loss and sagging. The best results usually require a combination approach.
Disclaimer: This blog or article is for information purpose only, and should not be treated a professional advise or price protection guarantee.
One Response to “The New Facial Rejuvenation Procedures: Surgical Vs. Non-Surgical Options”
1. Helene Marchand Says:
I would like to know if you use Radiesse in Montreal and if so what price would this be
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Talk:Courthouses in New South Wales
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050617073819/http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/yass.html to http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/yass.html
Cheers.—cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 19:30, 15 February 2016 (UTC)
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Remove the significance section from the table?
Putting so much text into a table with many columns makes the table unreadable. I cannot even see a single row in its entirely on my screen due to the length of the significance section. I suggest that the significance be presented in the article not in this table. Kerry (talk) 07:32, 17 March 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Old ninety-nine's cave.djvu/208
It was a one-story adobe building built around a courtyard and around this ran a piazza onto which a door from each room opened. In front was a large central door, and opposite this was another leading to a corral in the rear. The windows were small and placed high.
They saw Mr. Nelson himself coming by a well-beaten path from the creek. He had evidently not heard their approach for his glance was fixed on some object up the stream but on turning an angle he saw them and a hearty "Howdy!" indicated that Elsie was no stranger. He shook hands warmly, scanning Jack's letter as a matter of secondary consideration.
Nine of Mr. Nelson's children were married and settled in homes of their own and Dora, his remaining one, now approached with her mother.
Texas hospitality again. The best they had was literally his while under the protection of their roof and Jack was made to feel that he conferred a favor in accepting it. | WIKI |
Browns rookie player ratings for 'Madden NFL 20' revealed
By Jeff RisdonJuly 1, 2019 12:05 pm ETFollow@JeffRisdon!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'); By:Jeff Risdon |July 1, 2019 12:05 pm ETFollow @JeffRisdon!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'); Gamers, get ready. The developers of the Madden NFL 20 video game revealed the player ratings for all the 2019 rookies on Monday. Here's a look at how Greedy Williams, Sione Takitaki and the rest of the Browns draftees fared in the initial ratings. Williams rates at 73 overall, which is pretty lofty for a second-round pick. In fact, Williams has the second-highest rating of any rookie CB, trailing only Byron Murphy of the Cardinals. The Browns made Williams the seventh cornerback taken in April's draft, so he's definitely outscoring his draft slot already in the world of virtual football. Takitaki checks in with a 70 overall rating. That mark also places him second amongst rookies at his designated position of LOLB. His speed rating of 85 and acceleration set to 89 are impressive. The rest of the Browns rookie class and their overall ratings: The game will be released on consoles later this summer, hitting shelves on Aug. 2. For non-gamers, the player ratings are a good measuring stick of how the analytical metrics feel about the players before they've taken to the NFL field. Sign up for the Browns Wire email newsletter to get our top stories in your inbox every morning Please re-enter your email address. You'll now receive the top Browns Wire stories each day directly in your inbox. David Blough, Greedy Williams, Madden player ratings, Sione Takitaki, Latest Browns News, NFL News Cleveland Browns Week 1 inactive list Greedy Williams off to a flying start among rookie CBs Browns injury report nearly a clean slate entering Week 1 Latest Browns News· 30 minutes ago ·Jeff Risdon Austin Corbett traded to the Rams for 2021 draft pick Baker Mayfield· 4 hours ago ·Jeff Risdon Latest Browns News· 8 hours ago ·Jeff Risdon Coaching· 10 hours ago ·Jeff Risdon NFL News· 10 hours ago ·Josh Keatley NFL News· 16 hours ago ·Jeff Risdon AFC North· October 14, 2019 3:25 pm ET ·Jeff Risdon Game Breakdown· October 14, 2019 9:22 am ET ·Jeff Risdon AFC North· October 14, 2019 7:07 am ET ·Jeff Risdon Thanks for signing up.Please check your email for a confirmation. Something went wrong. Sign up for our newsletter and get every update delivered to your inbox! Please re-enter your email address. You'll now receive the top Browns Wire stories each day directly in your inbox. Browns inactives for Week 6: Starting CBs still out October 13, 2019 Live highlights from Browns vs. Seahawks October 13, 2019 Baker Mayfield heads to the locker room after suffering an injury October 13, 2019 Sloppy Browns blow a sloppy game vs. the Seahawks October 13, 2019 Browns player of the game: Nick Chubb wins again October 13, 2019 Twitter reaction to the Browns loss to Seattle is not pretty October 13, 2019 Baker Mayfield on officiating in Browns loss: 'pretty bad today' October 13, 2019 Freddie Kitchens: 'Too many mistakes' doomed the Browns vs. the Seahawks October 13, 2019 By the Numbers: Breaking down the Browns loss to the Seahawks October 14, 2019 Snap count notes: Rashard Higgins blanked in his return October 14, 2019 This site is neither endorsed, nor sponsored by, nor affiliated with Cleveland Browns or NFL Properties LLC. Cleveland Browns is a registered trademark of the Cleveland Browns LLC. Powered by WordPress.com VIP More Information Please enter an email address. Thanks for signing up. Please check your email for a confirmation. Something went wrong. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Health & Wellness Nutrition Well-Being Environment Culture Synergy
Fucoidan — A Hidden Gem
At PURE SYNERGY® we scour the planet for the most health-supporting compounds that Mother Nature has to offer. Be they well-known, like turmeric, or obscure, like fucoidan, we find ways to offer them in their most concentrated, pure, and effective forms. When we choose what supplements to make available, our primary concern is if and how it can benefit health. In the case of fucoidan, the potential health benefits were so clear, that we simply had to make it available.
What is Fucoidan?
Fucoidan is a relatively unknown compound that occurs naturally in the cell walls of brown seaweeds. Fucoidans are long chain polysaccharides which function to protect the plant from pathogens and other environmental challenges.
Fucoidan-containing seaweeds, like wakame, kombu, bladderwrack, and mozuku, have been valued for centuries for their dietary and therapeutic properties. In Asian traditional healing practices, these seaweeds have been used to treat a wide range of health conditions. In Okinawa, Japan, people have been consuming brown seaweeds, rich in fucoidan, as part of their daily diet for centuries. It may be one of the reasons they are among the healthiest people on earth with some of the highest life expectancies in the world.
What Can It Do?
Professor Kylin, of Uppsala University in Sweden, discovered fucoidan in 1913. But it wasn’t until the past thirty years or so that research of the compound has really taken off, and more than 1400 independent, peer-reviewed research papers have been published about the active properties of fucoidan.
Most known for its effects on the immune system, fucoidan supports the body’s natural defense mechanisms and promotes a healthy immune response. It has also been shown to foster healthy digestive function and assist in the healthy aging process.
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IT Fundamentals/Devices
This lesson introduces computing devices and common units of measure for data.
Objectives and Skills
Objectives and skills for the devices portion of IT Fundamentals certification include:
* Compare and contrast common computing devices and their purposes.
* Mobile phones
* Tablets
* Laptops
* Workstations
* Servers
* Gaming consoles
* IoT
* Home appliances
* Home automation devices
* Thermostats
* Security systems
* Modern cars
* IP cameras
* Streaming media devices
* Medical devices
* Compare and contrast common units of measure.
* Storage unit
* Bit
* Byte
* KB
* MB
* GB
* TB
* PB
* Throughput unit
* bps
* Kbps
* Mbps
* Gbps
* Tbps
* Processing speed
* MHz
* GHz
Readings
* 1) Computer
* 2) Mobile device
* 3) Internet of things
* 4) Units of information
Multimedia
* 1) YouTube: Common Computing Devices & Their Purposes
* 2) YouTube: Units of Measure
* 3) YouTube: Chapter 4 - IT Fundamentals+ (FC0-U61) Data Storage and Sharing
Activities
* 1) Together with classmates or friends, gather as many different types of computing devices as you have access to. If you are working alone, consider visiting your favorite electronics store to "comparison shop", but don't buy anything! Compare and contrast different computing devices. What do you like and dislike about each one? Is your opinion based on physical characteristics of the device (size, shape, appearance, etc.), performance characteristics, ergonomics (usability, operating system, software design, etc.), or vendor reputation?
* 2) Compare and contrast workstations, servers, and gaming computers. Which companies are the top three vendors in each category? What is the price range for a typical device in each category and what usage differentiates when someone would purchase each one? How are storage and processing speed measured for these devices (KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, MHz, GHz)?
* 3) Compare and contrast mobile phones, tablets, and laptops. Which companies are the top three vendors in each category? What is the price range for a typical device in each category and what usage differentiates when someone would purchase each one? How are storage and processing speed measured for these devices (KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, MHz, GHz)?
* 4) Review How-To Geek: How to Pair a Bluetooth Device to Your Computer, Tablet, or Phone. Practice pairing a Bluetooth device to your computer or mobile device.
* 5) Review CNet: Everything you need to know about NFC and mobile payments. Consider configuring your mobile device for NFC payments.
* 6) Consider the impact of Internet-of-Things (IoT) on your daily life. What Internet-enabled devices are currently in use in your home, school, and/or work environments? What benefits do these devices provide? What risks come with using these devices? Include devices such as home appliances, home automation, thermostats, security systems, cars, IP cameras, streaming media, and medical devices.
Common Computing Devices
Common computing devices include mobile phones, tablets, laptops, workstations, servers, and gaming consoles.
* A mobile phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area. Modern mobile telephone services use a cellular network architecture. In addition to telephony, current mobile phones support a variety of other services, such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, video games, and digital photography.
* A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a mobile device with a mobile operating system and touchscreen display and a rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat package. Tablets, being computers, do what other personal computers do, but lack some input/output (I/O) abilities that others have. Modern tablets largely resemble modern smartphones, the only differences being that tablets are relatively larger than smartphones, with screens 7 inches (18 cm) or larger, measured diagonally, and may not support access to a cellular network.
* A laptop is a small, portable personal computer (PC) with a "clamshell" form factor, typically having a thin LCD or LED computer screen mounted on the inside of the upper lid of the clamshell and an alphanumeric keyboard on the inside of the lower lid.
* A workstation is a stationary personal computer, typically with a separate case holding the system components. Workstations have an external monitor with a display screen and an external keyboard, which are plugged into USB ports on the back of the computer case. Traditionally, the term workstation referred to systems used in high-end technical applications, and desktop computer referred to systems used in more common applications.
* An all-in-one desktop computer or workstation integrates the system's internal components into the same case as the display, thus occupying a smaller footprint (with fewer cables) than desktops that incorporate a tower.
* A server is a computer that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients". This architecture is called the client–server model, and a single overall computation is distributed across multiple processes or devices. Servers can provide various functionalities, often called "services", such as sharing data or resources among multiple clients, or performing computation for a client. Typical servers are database servers, file servers, mail servers, print servers, web servers, game servers, and application servers. Hardware requirement for servers vary widely, depending on the server's purpose and its software. Servers are typically more powerful and expensive than the clients that connect to them.
* A video game console is a computer device that outputs a video signal or visual image to display a video game that one or more people can play.
Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Common IoT devices include:
* Home appliances
* Home automation devices
* Thermostats
* Security systems
* Modern cars
* IP cameras
* Streaming media devices
* Medical devices
Common Units of Measure
* A bit is the smallest unit of information. The name bit is a portmanteau of binary digit. Bits have only one of two possible values, most commonly represented as either 0 or 1.
* A byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. There are 256 possible values for a byte (28), and the range of values for an unsigned byte is 0 - 255.
* Units of information are typically measured in multiples of either bits or bytes. Bits are abbreviated with a lower-case b. Bytes are abbreviated with an upper-case B.
* Traditionally, bits and bytes were measured in multiples of 2, so a kilobit was 1,024 bits (210). A lower-case prefix is used to indicate multiples of 10. An upper-case prefix is used to indicate multiples of 2.
* Data transfer rates, sometimes referred to as throughput, are typically measured in multiples of bits per second (bps), such as:
* Processing speed is measured in Hertz, or cycles per second.
Key Terms
* AC (Alternating Current)
* An electric current which periodically reverses direction, and the form of electrical energy that consumers typically use when they plug devices into a wall socket.
* airplane mode
* A setting available on smartphones and other portable devices that, when activated, suspends the device's radio-frequency (RF) signal transmission technologies (i.e., Bluetooth, telephony and Wi-Fi), effectively disabling all voice, text and phone services.
* AIO (All In One)
* A desktop computer that integrates the system's internal components into the same case as the display, thus occupying a smaller footprint (with fewer cables) than desktops that incorporate a tower.
* DC (Direct Current)
* The unidirectional flow of an electric charge, and the form of electrical energy that consumers typically use when they run devices from a battery.
* Gb (Gigabit)
* A unit of digital storage in bits equivalent to 109 (1 billion) for gb or 230 (1,0243) for Gb.
* GB (Gigabyte)
* A unit of digital storage in bytes equivalent to 109 (1 billion) for gB or 230 (1,0243) for GB.
* Gbps (Gigabit per second)
* A unit of data transfer in bits per second equivalent to 109 (1 billion) for gbps or 230 (1,0243) for Gbps.
* GHz (Gigahertz)
* A unit of processing speed equivalent to 109 (1 billion) cycles per second.
* IoT (Internet of Things)
* A system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
* Kb (Kilobit)
* A unit of digital storage in bits equivalent to 103 (1 thousand) for kb or 210 (1,024) for Kb.
* KB (Kilobyte or Knowledge Base)
* A unit of digital storage in bytes equivalent to 103 (1 thousand) for kB or 210 (1,024) for KB.
* Kbps (Kilobit per second)
* A unit of data transfer in bits per second equivalent to 103 (1 thousand) for kbps or 210 (1,024) for Kbps.
* Mb (Megabit)
* A unit of digital storage in bits equivalent to 106 (1 million) for mb or 220 (1,0242) for Mb.
* MB (Megabyte)
* A unit of digital storage in bytes equivalent to 106 (1 million) for mB or 220 (1,0242) for MB.
* Mbps (Megabit per second)
* A unit of data transfer in bits per second equivalent to 106 (1 million) for mbps or 220 (1,0242) for Mbps.
* MHz (Megahertz)
* A unit of processing speed equivalent to 106 (1 million) cycles per second.
* PB (Petabyte)
* A unit of digital storage in bytes equivalent to 1015 (1,000 trillion) for pB or 250 (1,0245) for PB.
* PC (Personal Computer)
* A multi-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.
* Tb (Terabit)
* A unit of digital storage in bits equivalent to 1012 (1 trillion) for tb or 240 (1,0244) for Tb.
* TB (Terabyte)
* A unit of digital storage in bytes equivalent to 1012 (1 trillion) for tB or 240 (1,0244) for TB.
* Tbps (Terabits per second)
* A unit of data transfer in bits per second equivalent to 1012 (1 trillion) for tbps or 240 (1,0244) for Tbps.
Assessments
* Flashcards: Quizlet: IT Fundamentals - Devices
* Quiz: Quizlet: IT Fundamentals - Devices | WIKI |
Diorygma streimannii
Diorygma streimannii is a species of script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2017 by lichenologists Alan W. Archer and John Elix. The type specimen was collected from Cow Bay in Cape Tribulation National Park (Queensland). The species epithet streimannii honours Heinar Streimann (1938–2001), who collected the type and "made important contributions to the study of Australian mosses and lichens".
The lichen is similar to Diorygma rufopruinosum but is distinguished by its black with white and by the presence of the lichen product neotricone. | WIKI |
Page:Sapper--No man's land.djvu/210
208 to his Staff officer, as the procession was again held up by a knot of interested men.
"I really don't know, sir," murmured that worthy. "It's most unusual; it's …"
His words were drowned by howls of delighted laughter from round the traverse in front, and the next moment a perspiring soldier forced his way into the bay where the great ones were temporarily wedged. It was the special runner who was carrying the latest gem from the lips of Bendigo—at work a little farther up—to the expectant and breathless audience.
"Hay! little sandbag! Ho! little sandbag! 'Ow beautiful hart thou in textchah."
"Go on, Bill. Did the perisher say that?" An incredulous member of the group looked doubtful.
"Did 'e say it?" The carrier of news looked scornfully at the doubter. "Did 'e say it? Lumme! 'E said it twice, and then he buried 'is mug in its loverly fragrant surface, and pricked his nose on Ginger's bayonet. 'E's mad, boys; 'e's as mad as a plurry 'atter; 'e's got bats in 'is belfry."
Now, in spite of what I know of Bendigo Jones, I must admit that this reputed remark taxes even my credulity. Mad he undoubtedly was when viewed by the sordid standards of the vandals around him, but this inspiring ode to a sandbag grew somewhat, I cannot but help thinking, in the transmission. The regrettable thing was that it should have reached this stage when it was unwittingly presented to the Divisional General.
"Gangway!" he roared, as the hilarity remained | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Algae (programming language)
The result was DELETE. postdlf (talk) 00:32, 7 March 2011 (UTC)
Algae (programming language)
* – ( View AfD View log )
PROD contested with no reason given. Article has no outside verifiable sources to indicate notability. Yaksar (let's chat) 21:40, 27 February 2011 (UTC)
* For the purposes of transparency, I should probably point out that for the same reasons I nominated
* Join Java
* Joy (programming language)
* Svyatoslav Pestov
* Lava (programming language)
* Algae (programming language)
* Pure (programming language)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Computing-related deletion discussions. -- Cyber cobra (talk) 03:42, 28 February 2011 (UTC)
* Delete I couldn't find any non-primary-source coverage aside from an entry in some random unofficial Linux software directory. --Cyber cobra (talk) 02:54, 1 March 2011 (UTC)
* Delete as above. —Ruud 12:59, 5 March 2011 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Summer Morning
Summer Morning
* "Summer Morning", a poem by Elizabeth Margaret Chandler
* "Summer Morning", a poem by Sarah J. Hale
A Summer Morning
* "A Summer Morning", a poem by Clinton Scollard
* "A Summer Morning", a poem by Lydia Huntley Sigourney | WIKI |
Younha discography
This is the discography of Korean singer Younha, active in both South Korea and Japan, which consists of thirteen studio albums, five extended plays, one compilation album, and twenty-four singles. | WIKI |
Aston Abbotts
Aston Abbotts or Aston Abbots is a village and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England. It is about 4 mi north of Aylesbury and 2.5 mi south-west of Wing. The parish includes the hamlet of Burston and had a population of 426 at the 2021 Census.
Manor
"Aston" is a common toponym in England, derived from the Old English for "eastern estate". The suffix "Abbotts" refers to the former abbey in the village, which until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century was the country home of the abbots of St Albans in Hertfordshire. The present house called The Abbey, Aston Abbotts was largely built in the late 18th century and altered in the early 19th century.
Parish church
The Church of England parish church of St James the Great has a late 15th or early 16th century Perpendicular Gothic west tower, but the rest of the building was demolished in 1865 and replaced with a new nave and chancel designed by the Oxford Diocesan Architect G.E. Street and completed in 1866. The church is a Grade II* listed building.
The church tower has a ring of six bells. Anthony Chandler of Drayton Parslow cast the third and fifth bells in the Commonwealth period in 1652. Edward Hall, also of Drayton Parslow, cast the fourth bell in 1739 and the tenor in 1740. John Taylor & Co of Loughborough cast the treble and second bells in 1929.
The polar explorer Sir James Clark Ross is buried in the churchyard of St James the Great.
Czechoslovak government-in-exile
In the Second World War from 1940 to 1945 Dr Edvard Beneš, the exiled President of Czechoslovakia, stayed at The Abbey in Aston Abbotts. His advisers and secretaries (called his Chancellery) stayed in nearby Wingrave, and his military intelligence staff stayed at nearby Addington. President Beneš gave a bus shelter to the villages of Aston Abbotts and Wingrave in 1944. It is on the A418 road between the two villages.
Amenities
The village has a public house, the Royal Oak. Aston Abbotts had a village shop, but this closed in 2005.
The nearest shop, post office and school are 1 mile east of Aston Abbotts in the village of Wingrave, with Wingrave offering a Church of England First and Middle school. The nearest secondary school and doctors surgery are 2 miles north east of Aston Abbotts in the village of Wing.
There are regular bus services to Aston Abbotts from Aylesbury and Leighton Buzzard. | WIKI |
User:Shadowbolt7/sandbox
source for toxic article/link on prisons
http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=4279633a-ddee-4b02-aebc-7fe5add86855%40sessionmgr4001&vid=0&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=18737057
Source notes to compare to other source for wiki topic revision This section has quoted pieces that will need to be matched up with the other source that was written. once that is done, any pieces that have two sources can be used for revision of the topic.
'''electronics recycling division of Federal Prison Industries (better known as UNICOR)
electronic recycling is UNICOR’s fastest-growing business. But according to reports from prisons where this work is being done and interviews with former inmates employed by UNICOR, it’s taking place under conditions that pose serious hazards to prison staff and inmates.
workers at Atwater’s UNICOR facility are routinely exposed to dust from heavy metals. They were eating lunch in an area contaminated by lead,barium, beryllium and cadmium, he says, and using safety equipment that doesn’t meet OSHA standards. Neither staff nor inmates were properly informed about the hazards,
The cathode ray tubes (CRTs) in computer and television monitors contain lead, a neurotoxin, as do printed circuit boards. A typical desktop computer may contain up to eight pounds of lead. Mercury, another neurotoxin, is used in flat-panel display screens. Monitors contain cadmium, a known carcinogen.Circuit boards and exteriors use plastics containing flame retard- ants documented as disrupting thyroid hormone function and acting as neurotoxins in animals.
UNICOR doesn’t just save money by busting up monitors and paying prison wages. Instead of investing in state-of-the-art dis-assembly equipment and durable safety gear, UNICOR reportedly distributed ball-peen hammers and cloth gloves to inmates working at Atwater. “The gloves ripped easily and there were lots ofbad scratches and cuts,” a former Atwater UNICOR worker told me. Staff and inmates who worked at UNICOR’s Elkton, Ohio, and Texarkana, Texas, operations have similar accounts of broken glass, noxious dust and injuries resulting from inadequate tools.
because UNICOR works behind bars, it has another advantage over its competitors: It doesn’t have to be prepared for unannounced OSHA inspections '''
Chris source section/writing/notes from sources for topic
Going to try and work on my post. I do see some of the errors i have made as to why this would be taken down but i would appreciate any help from anyone reading this as to how to make it better.
The quoted parts i will need to remove completely as it appears to not be allowed for the wiki pages so from my understanding i will need to rewrite those in my own words. i think most everything else i should be ok.... i think. I tried to use my own words from what i read out of the article but some points, like names of cities or actual numbers or counts, i i think are ok to leave.
From a health and safety standard the Prison Industrial Complex and also caused a concern for prisoner safety. In normal circumstances when a manufacture wishes to create a product their are certain safety protocols that would have to be followed to ensure the safety of the individuals and of the surrounding area. Protocols regarding toxic substance would normally be carefully monitored for handling and disposal of such substances. This however is not always the case regarding factories run by prison groups. Prison groups are not always monitored or looked into with the scrutiny that other private factories and business are subjected to. As a result of this lack of scrutiny this leaves prison with an opportunity to cut corners, regarding safety and disposal of substances that would otherwise be restricted or illegal, thus allowing prisons to save substantial costs on goods they manufacture and sell.
“A case in point here is the highly toxic computer and electronics recycling industry whose work is now done by state prisoners in places like South Carolina and by federal prisoners working in factories run by the Federal Prison Industries (UNICOR) "Recycling Business Group.”
By being able to avoid health and safety inspectors, as compared to other private factory business, these prisons are able to keep their costs down for manufacturing in conjunction with the low cost of pay they give for the prisoners who perform this labor. When a prison uses its prisoners to work on or near toxic substance there runs the risk of individuals becoming infected or poisoned. With no safety protocols being enforced to prevent or protect these individuals there is little incentive to report or care for them when an incident does occur. Incidents that are reported would lead to costs for care and recovery of the individual or clean up and disposable of the substance on top of any fines that may be imposed for failure to comply with safety standards and protocols. This can result in prisons choosing not to reports incident and making decisions to cover them up instead.
One such example of a safety issue was at the computer recycling factory at Marianna, Florida's Federal Prison Camp. Female prisoners were instructed to take and remove valuable processors and cathode ray tubes from computers by smashing them with hammers and other crude instruments. This resulted in clouds of cadmium and lead dust that covered and coated the surfaces of the prison and surrounding area. When concerns for their safety was brought to supervisor attention about what health affects this would have on them they were informed “not to worry about it”. "None of the prisoners or staff were supplied with masks, gloves, coveralls, or other personal protective equipment". Unfortunately some of the guards and prisoners did become ill as a result of exposure to this toxic substance."“According to a 2010 investigation by the Department of Justice, "Staff and inmates were repeatedly exposed to toxic metals—cadmium and lead, workers [were] not adequately protected from exposures, workers and inmates [were] not properly monitored for potential exposures, [there was a] failure to report inmate injuries, inmates were made to load shipping containers with e-waste, which were then exported; and UNICOR concealed actual working conditions from inspectors by cleaning up production lines before they arrived."
Even though reports of such incidents have risen to the public attention little has been changed on the prisons end regarding prisoner health and safety.
Health and safety
Article: THE PRISON INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX. Author: Thompson, Heather Ann Journal: pg 41-43
New source to help reinforce/support previous source
i am creating a new section that i will use to for new sources of information i find that relate to health and safety of the prison industrial complex. It is my hope/attempt that i will find sources that agree/hold similar information. Once i have finished writing down my new information here i will create a third new section and rewrite my posts so that they only contain information that is covered from many/multiple sources. my hope is to have this up by next week at some point.
new section for peer review on topic discretion
in the part about "...laws cannot be written without using discretion..." it seems a little unclear to me about the "using" part as i would think it would be more about the law be written and discretion is what individuals use "in applying" the law. I'm not quite sure it comes across that way as written. When i first read it it seemed like it was saying the law had to either be written with discretion pieces in it or that the law was written vaguely at to be open for interpretation.
adding a little bit more to explain/clarify this would help to make it clear
your ideas/suggestion for what you would like to see done to improve the topic (from the talk page) i think covers many options/areas that can be worked on/improved going forward. I think it will just be a matter of what areas you want to focus on to improve with what few weeks we have left for the project
''There are some arguments that implementing discretion overrules or weakens the rule of law. However, laws cannot be written without using discretion and therefore the rule of law serves to guide discretion towards societal expectations, norms and, at least in part, public interes''
I think that "however" might be better to come after the word "Law". ( Laws, however, cannot be written....)
But, where law ends and discretion begins lies in implementing those laws.
Starting the sentence with "but" reads a little strange. perhaps a phrase such as " an important piece of where law ends..."
''The Dispatch officer decides the priority of the call, an officer responding has discretion to take statements from witnesses as well as detain potential suspects. ''
Perhaps combining the two sentences together such as ( The Dispatch officer decides the priority of the call and an officer responding has...)
The suspect/the accused has the discretion to obtain a lawyer, how they will plead and to accept a plea bargain.
kind of the same problem. Try combining the two sentences with "and"
Final revision section for two sources for wiki project topic
Private or for profit prisons have an incentive in making decisions in regards to cutting costs while generating a profit. One method for this is using prison inmates as a labor force to perform production work.
When a prison uses its prisoners to work on or near toxic substances there runs the risk of individuals becoming infected or poisoned as a result of coming into contact with them. Any incidents that do occur are supposed to be reported and appropriate health and safety measures are to be taken for all involved. Incidents, however, that are reported would result in costs for care and recovery of the individual or clean up and disposable of the substances including any fines that may be imposed for failure to comply with safety standards and protocols. When there is less incentive to report or care for individuals when an incident does occur, given the costs of reporting verses ignoring or covering up the incident, a prison may be inclined to overlook safety protocols rather than enforce them to prevent or protect these individuals. This can result in prisons choosing not to report incidents and making decisions to cover them up instead.
At two UNICOR facility prison camps prisoners were instructed to take and remove valuable processors and cathode ray tubes from computers by smashing them with hammers and other crude instruments. This resulted in clouds of cadmium and lead dust that covered and coated the surfaces of the prison and surrounding area. This dust is toxic when inhaled or ingested.
According to a 2010 investigation by the Department of Justice many of the employees and prisoners were exposed to toxic metals from not being sufficiently trained nor the resources given to handle toxic material. Injury and illness as a result were not reported to appropriate authorities. When investigated they found that UNICOR had attempted to conceal evidence of working conditions from inspectors by cleaning up the production lines before they arrived.
Shadowbolt7 (talk) 19:24, 14 November 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:ChessEric/Photos I've Added
These are all the picture files I've added to Wikipedia, even ones that have been deleted. | WIKI |
Page:The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets, Volume 2.djvu/53
47 reduced himself, and of which he has no reason to be ashamed."
This play appeared in 1694. It is said to have been unsuccessful. The catastrophe, proceeding merely from a change of mind, is confessed by the author to be defective. Thus he began and ended his dramatick labours with ill success.
From such a number of theatrical pieces it will be supposed, by most readers, that he must have improved his fortune; at least, that such diligence with such abilities must have set penury at defiance. But in Dryden's time the drama was very far from that universal approbation which it has now obtained. The playhouse was abhorred by the Puritans, and avoided by those who desired the character of seriousness or decency. A grave lawyer would have debased his dignity, and a young trader would have impaired his credit, by appearing in those mansions of dissolute licentiousness. The profits of the theatre, when so many classes of the people were deducted from the audience, were not great; and the poet had for a long time but a single night. The first that had two Rh | WIKI |
For the eighth consecutive year, GameStop earns 100 on the Human Rights Campaign Foundation’s annual assessment of LGBTQ workplace equality index
From Gamestops Investor Relations news page on Jan 28th:
[https://news.gamestop.com/news-releases/news-release-details/gamestop-earns-top-marks-human-rights-campaigns-2021-corporate](https://news.gamestop.com/news-releases/news-release-details/gamestop-earns-top-marks-human-rights-campaigns-2021-corporate)
###
I REALLY LIKE THIS COMPANY AND I LIKE HOLDING THEIR STOCK!
​
​
​
The Article, Copy/Pasta:
GRAPEVINE, Texas, Jan. 28, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- GameStop proudly announced today that it has received a perfect score of 100 on the Human Rights Campaign Foundation’s 2021 Corporate Equality Index, the nation’s foremost benchmarking survey and report measuring corporate policies and practices related to LGBTQ workplace equality. This marks the eighth consecutive year that GameStop has earned top marks in the annual workplace campaign.
“Receiving this award and designation as a *Best Place to Work for LGBTQ Equality* is an honor for GameStop,” says George Sherman, chief executive officer for GameStop. “Our values compel us to be the voice, commit to inclusion, and personify respect. At GameStop, we act on this through championing causes for the LGBTQ community, and all those committed to improving and protecting the rights of every human.”
“From the previously unimaginable impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, to a long overdue reckoning with racial injustice, 2020 was an unprecedented year. Yet, many businesses across the nation stepped up and continued to prioritize and champion LGBTQ equality,” said Alphonso David, Human Rights Campaign President. “This year has shown us that tools like the CEI are crucial in the work to increase equity and inclusion in the workplace, but also that companies must breathe life into these policies and practices in real and tangible ways. Thank you to the companies that understand protecting their LGBTQ employees and consumers from discrimination is not just the right thing to do—but the best business decision.”
The results of the 2021 CEI showcase how 1,142 U.S.-based companies are not only promoting LGBTQ-friendly workplace policies in the U.S., but also for the 57% of CEI-rated companies with global operations who are helping advance the cause of LGBTQ inclusion in workplaces abroad. GameStop’s efforts in satisfying all of the CEI’s criteria earned a 100 percent ranking and the designation as one of the *Best Places to Work for LGBTQ Equality*.
The CEI rates employers providing these crucial protections to over 18 million U.S. workers and an additional 17 million abroad. Companies rated in the CEI include Fortune magazine’s 500 largest publicly traded businesses, American Lawyer magazine’s top 200 revenue-grossing law firms (AmLaw 200), and hundreds of publicly and privately held mid- to large-sized businesses.
The CEI rates companies on detailed criteria falling under four central pillars:
* Non-discrimination policies across business entities
* Equitable benefits for LGBTQ workers and their families
* Supporting an inclusive culture
* Corporate social responsibility
The full report is available online at [www.hrc.org/cei](https://www.globenewswire.com/Tracker?data=40sQpIin7dc4K-VHaXbJA665WGqQrQvu4SFIOdj2pZ3kWc_h5GG6UUddin02InymHIYncSLS4P08jAE5mLz0sA==).
**About The Human Rights Campaign Foundation**
The Human Rights Campaign Foundation is the educational arm of America's largest civil rights organization working to achieve equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer people. HRC envisions a world where LGBTQ people are embraced as full members of society at home, at work and in every community.
**About GameStop**
GameStop Corp., a Fortune 500 company headquartered in Grapevine, Texas, is a digital-first omni-channel retailer, offering games and entertainment products in its nearly 5,000 stores and comprehensive E-Commerce properties across 10 countries. GameStop, through its family of brands offers the best selection of new and pre-owned video gaming consoles, accessories and video game titles, in both physical and digital formats. GameStop also offers fans a wide variety of POP! vinyl figures, collectibles, board games and more. Through GameStop’s unique buy-sell-trade program, gamers can trade in video game consoles, games, and accessories, as well as consumer electronics for cash or in-store credit. The company's consumer product network also includes [www.gamestop.com](https://www.globenewswire.com/Tracker?data=XEf3nxWThpAREzpogrFrTVblfoEceCbv-lhPaTT9ce-cR_oOnipFmAUijG9lyRY5n9-HJKWp5pRjfgwprFmX8g==) and Game Informer® magazine, the world's leading print and digital video game publication. General information about GameStop Corp. can be obtained at the Company’s corporate website. Follow @GameStop and @GameStopCorp on Twitter and find GameStop on Facebook at [www.facebook.com/GameStop](https://www.globenewswire.com/Tracker?data=nwCFHb5GDUm9LImZwv9p0oVJzgFHhsd0m4Ql9ge4iN7_KGG3FF7S3IC1lgq13cEW9sL0GDiDd9-hyoosCiHNHyM7mTjVxvR77W0cpBIsKMI=).
Contact: Michael Delgado GameStop Public Relations MichaelDelgado@gamestop.com | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Traits and Trials.pdf/218
212 fellow servants, set off to fetch the unfortunate girl. Hastily cautioning her against telling the melancholy intelligence till her young mistress was in the carriage, and there to communicate it as gently as possible, Mrs. Cameron broke off her discourse, for, in less time than had seemed possible, Fanny came down equipped for her journey. A hasty embrace, a few broken words, and a faltering "God bless you, my poor dear child," from her governess, and Fanny found herself driving off with a rapidity that added to the confusion of her ideas.
"Can they not drive faster?" exclaimed she in an agony of fear.
"Lord, Miss, it is of no use now," said the servant. Fanny sprang from her seat, she looked almost doubtfully in the face of her attendant: it confirmed her worst terror, and she sank back insensible. It were needlessly painful to enter into the detail of that miserable journey, but all that Fanny had previously endured seemed as nothing when she drove into the street where | WIKI |
-- Tsunami Cities Fight Nuclear Elites to Create Green Jobs
Rikuzentakata, like many cities on
Japan ’s rugged northeast Pacific coast, was in decline even
before last year’s tsunami killed 1,700 of its 24,000
inhabitants and destroyed most of its downtown buildings. With two-thirds of the remaining residents homeless, Mayor
Futoshi Toba questioned whether the city could recover,
Bloomberg Markets magazine reports in its August issue. Damage
to infrastructure and the economy, he said, would force people
to move away to find jobs. Sixteen months later, the city is trying to rebuild in a
way that Toba says would reinvent the region and provide a model
to overcome obstacles that have hobbled the Japanese economy for
more than 20 years: the fastest-aging population in the
developed world, loss of manufacturing competitiveness to China
and South Korea and reliance on imported fossil fuels. Rikuzentakata is part of a government program to create one
of the country’s first so-called ecocities. They would be smaller and more self-sufficient and would
lower costs through technology and create new jobs in renewable
energy to replace those lost to the decline of agriculture and
fisheries. Toba says Japan must address the depopulation of rural
areas that has coincided with agriculture’s shrinking role in
the broader economy -- from about 6 percent in the 1970s to 1.4
percent today -- and it must do so as soon as possible. “It’s a race against time,” he says. ‘Super-Aging Society’ Ecocities can lead the way, says Hideaki Miyata, an
engineering professor at the University of Tokyo who’s advising
local officials on the project. “We can provide a solution for Japan’s super-aging
society,” he says. “Younger people were already leaving these
cities, but what we’re planning to do here will provide new jobs
and factories.” That’s essential, says Kiyoshi Murakami, an executive at
BNY Mellon Asset Management Japan Ltd. who grew up in
Rikuzentakata and also advises Toba. “For the ecocity, its impact on employment is the most
important thing,” he says. After the tsunami, which reached as high as the fourth
story on the city’s seafront hospital, Rikuzentakata joined
forces with neighboring Ofunato and Sumita in the Kesen
district. They applied for aid under the national government’s
FutureCity program, which has an annual budget of about 1
billion yen ($12.5 million) to create blueprints for urban
development that promotes environmental protection and clean-
energy use. Clean Energy The goal of the Kesen project is to generate at least 50
percent of the region’s electricity through solar and other
renewable-energy sources, reducing Kesen’s near-total dependence
on Tohoku Electric Power Co. (9506) , Japan’s fifth-largest utility, and
lowering electricity costs for the area’s 67,000 residents. Planners say they hope to attract clean-energy companies,
including makers of lithium ion batteries used to store power
before it is fed to the grid. They also envision using electric buses to ferry residents
around town and rebuilding schools to double as community
centers and evacuation shelters, thereby streamlining public
infrastructure. Making the Kesen project a reality hinges on how much of
the central government’s 19 trillion yen in reconstruction
spending goes to the three cities, as well as alternative-energy
subsidies, says another project adviser, Kimikazu Uemura, chief
executive officer of Index Consulting Inc., a project management
firm. Anti-Nuclear Zeitgeist “It’s important that whatever is built brings new business
and is sustainable,” he says. “If the government focuses only on
rebuilding existing infrastructure, we’ll have areas with new
roads and buildings but nobody living there.” The regeneration ideas swirling around Kesen fit the
current anti-nuclear Japanese zeitgeist. After the March 2011 tsunami damaged the Fukushima Dai-Ichi
nuclear power plant, and radiation spread across the area,
polling by the Asahi newspaper found that 74 percent of those
surveyed were in favor of decommissioning all of Japan’s
reactors. The sour mood is deepening long-standing public
disaffection with the economic and political malaise that has
gripped Japan since the asset-bubble collapse of the early
1990s, says Andrew DeWit, a professor of the politics of public
finance at Tokyo ’s Rikkyo University. Quadrillion Yen The economy has contracted in three of the past four years.
As of June 11, the Nikkei 225 Stock Average had fallen 78
percent from its peak in December 1989. In May, Fitch Ratings cut Japan’s yen sovereign rating by
two levels, to A+ from AA, as the country struggled to rein in
the biggest public debt burden -- both in absolute terms and as
a percentage of gross domestic product -- in the world. The
amount of debt is expected to exceed a quadrillion yen for the
first time this year. In rejecting nuclear, DeWit says, the Japanese are
rejecting the web of cozy ties at the very top of society,
forming what’s commonly called “the nuclear village” -- the
politicians, utilities, bureaucrats and academics that promoted
Japan’s reliance on atomic energy in the first place. Energy shortages risk making things worse. Nuclear power
has been the linchpin of the resource-poor country’s economic
planning since the 1960s. Zero Nuclear It has fed industrial giants such as Toyota Motor Corp. and
Sony Corp. that helped Japan recover from the devastation of
World War II to become the world’s second-largest economy by
1967. Before the disaster, Japan depended on atomic power for 30
percent of its energy needs. That share had fallen to zero by May 5 this year as nuclear
plants taken offline for regular maintenance weren’t restarted
while the government and regulators scrambled to reassure a
doubting public of their safety. The impasse ended in June when Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda approved the restart of two reactors in western Japan, a
measure he says is necessary for the economy. The first was
running at full capacity by July 9. Still, the long-term policy remains to reduce dependency on
nuclear and move toward renewables such as wind and solar. That’s good news for nontraditional energy companies, as
well as Kesen-like smart-city projects. FutureCity Program To help the upstarts, the government is introducing so-
called feed-in tariffs that force utilities to pay a higher
price for renewable power over the next 20 years: 42 yen per
kilowatt-hour compared with the 13.65 yen rate charged to
industrial and commercial users. This allows new, alternative-energy operators, who face
high startup costs, to enter the market on a more competitive
footing. Out of 11 cities in the government’s FutureCity program,
six are in the tsunami-hit northeastern region, which Jun Iio of
Japan’s Reconstruction Design Council says is “a microcosm of
the problems being faced by all of Japan.” About a third of Rikuzentakata’s population is over the age
of 65. Japan’s population, which peaked in 2005, is poised to
shrink to 125.2 million in 2014 from 127.7 million last year,
according to data compiled by Bloomberg. People over the age of 65 make up about 23 percent of the
population, a proportion that may increase to 40 percent by
2050, government estimates show. Rural Decline Smart cities can help reverse rural decline, DeWit says.
There’s an economic rationale for converting land to renewable-
energy use. Rice paddies that were inundated with seawater in March
2011 can yield more profit if they’re covered with solar panels
than if they’re rehabilitated as agricultural land. “When you’re sitting on land, or an old factory, rather
than clear it up, you can cover it with solar panels,” says Penn Bowers, a utility and trading-company analyst at CLSA Asia-
Pacific Markets in Tokyo. That’s what Masayoshi Son, Japan’s second-richest person,
would like to do on irradiated farmland around the Fukushima
plant, including the strict no-go area that can’t be used for
crops or grazing. The CEO of mobile-phone-service provider Softbank Corp. (9984) is
eager to press ahead with a vast array of solar plants producing
more than 200 megawatts, enough to power about 48,600 homes.
He’s awaiting passage of government legislation that would
guarantee projects such as his access to the electricity grid. New Opportunities The spread of new energy sources could create opportunities
for players other than utilities, says Ali Izadi-Najafabadi, an
energy technologies analyst at Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Wind and sunshine aren’t constant, and the energy they
produce needs to be stored in batteries so that it can be
released in such a way as to meet the ebb and flow of peak and
off-peak consumption. By the end of the year, Japan may have more lithium-ion
batteries installed on the power grid than any other country,
Izadi-Najafabadi says. “That wouldn’t have happened without Fukushima,” he says.
“The utilities weren’t considering these so-called smart-grid
technologies. They operate in a different world now.” Hitachi Ltd. (6501) and NEC Corp. (6701) , both makers of industrial-grade
batteries, are among 30 companies in the Kesen ecocity
consortium. Consumer Electronics Creating demand in northeast Japan may help battery makers
compete against global rivals, the University of Tokyo’s Miyata
says. “Japan led the development of lithium-ion batteries for use
in consumer electronics and then with cars,” Miyata says. “Each
time, Korea and China caught up rapidly, and now, everyone is
trying to be first to develop the next generation of batteries,
which is industrial, large scale.” In Rikuzentakata, Mayor Toba has a personal stake in
regeneration. His wife was killed when the tsunami engulfed their seaside
home. He was at city hall and survived, as did their two
children, who were at school. Reborn, Rikuzentakata would be a fitting legacy to those
who perished. “We have to do more than simply rebuild houses,” Toba says.
“If we do that but don’t provide people with jobs, their lives
won’t get better.” To contact the reporter for this story:
Stuart Biggs in Tokyo at
sbiggs3@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Laura Colby at
lcolby@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- Assad Says Ballot Box Must Decide Future, Claims Support
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad said
his future should be decided by voters and denied that his
nation is embroiled in a civil war. “For the president to stay or leave is a popular issue,”
Assad said in an interview with Russian state broadcaster RT in
Damascus. The only way to determine who runs the country is
“through the ballot box.” Assad, speaking in English, said he will resist the
campaign to oust him by the U.S., its Arab and European allies
and Turkey . “If the Syrian people are against me, how can I be
here?” he said. The U.S. is pushing to unite the Syrian opposition while
the rebels seek help from the outside world. The Syrian National
Council, a largely expatriate opposition umbrella organization,
is meeting in Qatar’s capital Doha to choose an 11-member
executive body and a president to try to unify the opposition
battling Assad’s government. “It is about terrorists and support coming from abroad to
support terrorists,” Assad said. “You have divisions, but
divisions doesn’t mean civil war.” War Crimes The Syrian president compared his country’s conflict to the
wars fought by Russian forces in the 1990s against pro-
independence rebels in the mainly Muslim region of Chechnya, and
denied any war crimes against civilians. United Nations High
Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay and Amnesty
International have said that forces loyal to Assad may have
committed war crimes and crimes against humanity. The army killed 90 people in clashes today, Al Arabiya
television reported, citing the opposition National Coordinating
Committee. At least 12 civilians were killed by shelling today
in Deir Ezzour province, according to the U.K.-based Syrian
Observatory for Human Rights. More than 35,000 people have died
since the uprising began in March 2011, the group says. Syria ’s army also clashed with rebels in Idlib in the north
and areas around Damascus and Homs, the Syrian Observatory said
on its Facebook page. Al Arabiya reported gunfire and explosions
heard around the presidential palace in Damascus, without giving
further information. There was heavy fighting in al-Sheikh
Miskeen in Dara’a province after government forces stormed the
city with tanks and armored vehicles, the Observatory said. “We are implementing our constitution by protecting the
civilian people,” Assad said. “The army cannot withstand for
20 months in difficult circumstances without having the embrace
of the public in Syria. How could you have this embrace while
killing your people?” Assad Vows Assad vowed that he won’t flee from his country and warned
that the cost of any Western military operation in Syria would
be “more than the whole world can afford.” Syria is “the last
stronghold of secularism and stability in the region,” he said.
“I have to live and die in Syria.” Britain is examining the legality of supplying arms to
Syrian rebels under clauses of a European Union embargo that
allow exemptions in cases of humanitarian suffering, an official
in Prime Minister David Cameron’s office said. The conflict yesterday spilled over into Turkey, with stray
bullets wounding three people in the border town of Ceylanpinar,
the state-run Anatolia news agency reported. Patriot Missiles About 5,000 Syrians have crossed to Ceylanpinar since early
yesterday, said Veysel Dalmaz, the official in charge of
accommodating refugees, according to Anatolia. The government
said it was hosting 112,000 Syrian refugees as of Nov. 6.
Anatolia also reported that 26 Syrian officers including two
generals defected to Turkey today. Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said today that
the country hasn’t requested Patriot missiles from NATO to
bolster air defenses at the Syrian border, though it’s ready to
do so if needed. Turkish and Syrian forces have exchanged fire
across the border, and Turkey has pushed for the creation of a
buffer zone. Assad took a swipe at Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in the RT interview. “Personally he thinks he is the
new sultan of the Ottomans,” the Syrian president said. “He
thinks he can control the region as it was during the Ottoman
empire, with a different umbrella, Islamic.” To contact the reporter on this story:
Henry Meyer in Moscow at
hmeyer4@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Balazs Penz at
bpenz@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
If your network connection is blocked
Individual computers (not you as the user) may be prevented from accessing the Indiana University network for a variety of reasons:
• Viruses: Certain viruses reside on the computers they infect and use those computers to attack other users' computers over the network. The user of the infected machine will usually not be aware of the attacks leaving the computer. In these cases, the computer is blocked to protect other computers on the IU network and on the internet.
For more about viruses and protecting your computer, see:
• Bots: Often put in place on the blocked computer by a virus, Internet Relay Chat (IRC) bots are scripts or independent programs that perform special functions on IRC. Bots can be used to launch denial of service attacks against other computers, to log and transmit keystrokes (including password and credit card numbers), and to facilitate transmission of copyrighted material. In these cases, the infected computer is blocked both to protect other computers on the network, and to prevent the loss of users' sensitive personal information.
• Unauthorized device or service on network: The blocked computer is connected to the IU network through a router or other network-extending device, or is running as a server without authorization and/or of a possibly dangerous type on the IU network. In these cases, the computer or unauthorized device can be used as a less-secure point of entry for threats to the IU network, or in some cases can cause direct disruption to the operation of other computers on the network.
For more about routers and servers, see:
• Illegal file sharing: The computer has been observed running file sharing services online that degrade network services on the IU network; or, more often, IU has received a complaint from the copyright holder or his or her appointed agent. In these cases, according to law, IU must take certain actions to remove the material from the IU network.
For more about file sharing and protecting yourself, see:
• Spamming: Multiple reports indicate that the computer is sending unsolicited email, or spam. The cause of spam is most often a compromised computer. An attacker sends spam from a compromised computer (rather than from his or her own computer) in the hopes that that the spam will more easily get through mail filters.
• FTP servers on non-standard ports: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers are file depositories. Users can connect to an FTP client and download or upload files. FTP servers are typically on TCP port 21; when an FTP server is found on a non-standard port, it usually means that an attacker set it up and is trying to hide it. An attacker may use this server to store his own files (often unauthorized copyrighted material) or to copy off files that were present on the machine.
For more information about FTP, including how to use it safely, see Use FTP to transfer files.
• SSH brute-forcing: The computer has been observed attempting to make a large number of SSH connections. This activity typically means that someone is trying to guess account names and passwords. It also usually means that the computer is compromised, and that this activity is being performed by an attacker.
This is document aorx in the Knowledge Base.
Last modified on 2018-05-14 14:38:54.
Contact us
For help or to comment, email the UITS Support Center. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Horvat Eleq
Horvat Eleq is located in the southeastern area of Ramat HaNadiv, at the southern edge of Mount Carmel at an altitude of 141 meters above sea level. Nearby within 10 km are the cities of Dor, Caesarea and their ports, Tel Taninim and Tel Mevorakh to the west and Tel Burga to the southeast.
History
Horvat Eleq has almost a continuous history of settlement starting at the Paleolithic period until the Ottoman period. Throughout history the settlement has benefited from its location next to an abundant and constant water source and overlooking two historical roads. Archaeological excavations at the site began in 1989 by Yizhar Hirschfeld and continued almost continuously until 2007. The main remains discovered and studied in the excavations are mainly associated with the end of the Persian period where the remains of a fortified wall are visible and the Hellenistic and Roman periods, as they are the major visible remains today. In the early Roman period, the site reaches its peak in terms of construction and settlement.
After the First Jewish–Roman War the site was abandoned.
Archeology
Between the years 1989 and 2007, archaeological excavations were conducted continuously at the site. The findings at the site are mainly categorized to five time periods that begin at the end of the Persian period, from which the remains of a fortified wall can be seen, to the end of the Ottoman period, when a Jewish settlement was abandoned. | WIKI |
Cornerstone OnDemand Nominates Three Accomplished Software Industry CEOs to Board of Directors and Names New Chair
Addition of Elisa Steele as company’s first independent board chair, along with Richard Haddrill and Marcus Ryu as directors, will contribute valuable strategic, operational and corporate governance expertise to Cornerstone’s board of directors
SANTA MONICA, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Cornerstone OnDemand (NASDAQ:CSOD), a global leader in cloud-based learning and human capital management software , today announced it has nominated Elisa Steele, Richard Haddrill and Marcus Ryu for election to its board of directors following an extensive search conducted by its independent nominating and corporate governance committee. These candidates will be placed on the ballot for election at Cornerstone’s annual meeting on June 14, 2018. Once elected to the board, Steele will serve as chair of the board.
This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180508006654/en/
Elisa Steele has been nominated to serve as the chair of Cornerstone's board of directors. (Photo: Business Wire)
Elisa Steele is a proven enterprise software executive and a respected sales and marketing leader. She most recently served as CEO of Jive Software, a communication and collaboration software company, until its acquisition by Aurea in June 2017. Prior to Jive, Steele held positions as the corporate vice president and chief marketing officer of Consumer Apps and Services at Microsoft, the chief marketing officer at Skype and the executive vice president and chief marketing officer at Yahoo!. She currently serves on the board of Splunk Inc. Steele will join Joe Osnoss as the second of Silver Lake’s two director nominees, granted by the investment agreement between Silver Lake and Cornerstone. The board unanimously selected Steele to serve as Cornerstone’s first independent chair of the board, consistent with corporate governance changes announced earlier this year.
Richard Haddrill will bring decades of management and corporate governance experience to Cornerstone, as well as insight into both software and content markets. Haddrill is the vice chairman of Scientific Games Corporation, a provider of technology-based products and services for gaming and lottery organizations. He has served on the board of six public companies and three venture-backed private companies, including enterprise software firms JDA Software and OutlookSoft. Haddrill previously served as the CEO and a director of Bally Technologies, Manhattan Associates and Powerhouse Technologies.
Marcus Ryu, a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) industry leader and entrepreneur, is the CEO of Guidewire Software Inc. (NYSE: GWRE), which he co-founded in 2001. Guidewire is the leading provider of core system software for the Property and Casualty (P&C) insurance industry. Ryu previously served on the board of MuleSoft, recently acquired by Salesforce.com. Prior to Guidewire, Ryu worked at Ariba, a cloud-based enterprise marketplace acquired by SAP in 2012, and at McKinsey & Company.
Comments on the News
“Elisa Steele, Dick Haddrill, and Marcus Ryu stood out as exceptional candidates among dozens of qualified individuals recommended by shareholders and others,” said Joe Osnoss, chair of Cornerstone’s nominating and corporate governance committee whose members also include directors Dean Carter and Robert Cavanaugh. “We believe that they bring critical and complementary skills to Cornerstone’s board as the company executes on its strategic plan.”
“Strengthening corporate governance is key to our strategic plan, and the board has done an exceptional job selecting three extraordinary business leaders who will bring highly relevant experiences and insights to the company,” said Adam Miller, founder and CEO of Cornerstone OnDemand. “I look forward to working with, and learning from, them as the company advances to its next level of growth.”
“I am honored by the opportunity to join the board of Cornerstone, which is leading the industry with its innovative solutions,” said Elisa Steele. “I believe there is further upside and this is a pivotal phase for the company. While there is always more to be done, I feel confident about the company’s strategic direction.”
“Joining Cornerstone’s board of directors is a great opportunity for me to share my expertise in helping businesses scale,” said Richard Haddrill. “I look forward to supporting Cornerstone along its path of continued growth and improved margins.”
“Cornerstone has been a pioneer in the cloud software space and has built an impressive client roster in a competitive domain,” said Marcus Ryu. “I am gratified to be nominated to its board, and hope to contribute my experience to the success of its next chapter.”
About Cornerstone OnDemand
Cornerstone OnDemand, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSOD) is a global leader in cloud-based learning and human capital management software. The company’s solutions help organizations to realize the potential of the modern workforce. From recruitment, onboarding, training and collaboration, to performance management, compensation, succession planning, people administration and analytics, Cornerstone is designed to enable a lifetime of learning and development that is fundamental to the growth of employees and organizations.
Based in Santa Monica, California, the company’s solutions are used by more than 3,250 clients worldwide, spanning 36 million users across 192 countries and 43 languages. To learn more about Cornerstone, visit us on Twitter , Facebook and our blog . www.cornerstoneondemand.com
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, which are subject to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements relating to the company’s business strategy and plans to make changes to its corporate governance structure, including the nomination of three director candidates for election to the board, the appointment of an independent chair of the board, and the retirement of certain directors, are that involve a number of uncertainties and risks. Actual results may differ materially from these statements and from actual future events or results due to a variety of factors, which are described in reports and documents the company files from time to time Commission, including the factors described under the section titled “Risk Factors” in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Undue reliance should not be placed on the in this press release, which are based on information available to the company on the date hereof. Except to the extent required by applicable law, the company disclaims any obligation to update information contained in these whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Cornerstone® and Cornerstone OnDemand® are registered trademarks of Cornerstone OnDemand, Inc.
View source version on businesswire.com : https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180508006654/en/
Investor Relations Contact:
Cornerstone OnDemand
Jennifer Gianola
Phone: +1 (310) 382-9478
jgianola@csod.com
or
Media Contact:
Cornerstone OnDemand
Deaira Irons
Phone: +1 (310) 752-0164
dirons@csod.com
Source: Cornerstone OnDemand | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Vet who survived wartime ship collision that killed son dies at 93
Retired Master Chief Lawrence J. Reilly Sr., a U.S. Navy veteran of World War II and the Vietnam War, who survived the 1969 ship collision that claimed the life of his son, and later fought unsuccessfully to have the victims' names inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial has died. He was 93. (Mike Greenlar /The Syracuse Newspapers via AP, File)
A World War II and Vietnam veteran who survived a harrowing 1969 Navy ship collision that killed his son, then spent decades fighting to memorialize him, has died at 93. Retired Master Chief Lawrence Reilly Sr.’s daughter said he died Wednesday at a hospital in Syracuse, N.Y., of complications from pneumonia. “Our Navy veterans are cherished members of our Navy family, and the sailors who served aboard USS Frank E. Evans are the embodiment of courage, service, and sacrifice,” Navy spokesperson Lt. Marycate Walsh told Fox News. Reilly and his son, Lawrence Reilly Jr., were aboard the USS Frank E. Evans when the destroyer was cut in half by HMAS Melbourne, an Australian aircraft carrier, during a training exercise in the South China Sea. The elder Reilly survived when the ship’s rear half remained afloat. His son and 73 other sailors went down with the forward section. He later fought unsuccessfully to have the victims’ names inscribed on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The Evans supported ground operations in Vietnam just weeks before it was cut in two. The Pentagon says the victims weren’t eligible for the Vietnam Memorial because they died outside the designated war zone. Instead of granting an exemption to the war zone rule, the Pentagon offered to pay tribute to the fallen sailors by listing their names on a memorial plaque to be placed inside the education center to be built near the wall. The decision not to memorialize the sailors angered Reilly Sr. “I’m not happy with the whole thing,” he said last year. “It’s a bad deal.” His daughter said a private funeral service will be held Sunday at a Syracuse funeral home. Her father’s ashes will be placed next to a memorial marker for his son at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery overlooking the Pacific Ocean in San Diego, where both father and son served. “I’m just very sad he didn’t get see the day when they are on the wall,” his daughter, Luanne Oda, said. “But we’re going to keep fighting for it. They deserve it.” Democrat Chuck Schumer, the Senate minority leader, mentioned Reilly’s death from the chamber’s floor Thursday, and praised the veteran’s efforts on behalf of his lost son and shipmates. “In his honor, we will continue to pressure the Pentagon to recognize the Frank E. Evans on the Vietnam Memorial,” Schumer said. The Associated Press contributed to this report. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lawrence Gwozdz
Lawrence S. Gwozdz (born April 1, 1953) is an American classical saxophonist, composer, and former professor of saxophone at The University of Southern Mississippi. His successor is Dr. Dannel Espinoza.
Born to Polish-American parents in Niagara Falls, New York, Gwozdz was a pupil and longtime friend of saxophone pioneer Sigurd Raschèr.
Performing
He has performed in Beijing, Chicago, Leipzig, London, Los Angeles, Manchester, Prague, St. Louis, Warsaw, Zagreb, Zürich, and other cities in the US and abroad. His festival appearances have included the Yehudi Menuhin Festival, the International Chamber Music Festival of Le Touquet, Spoleto Festival USA.
Gwozdz is active in promoting, performing, and recording contemporary music. Composers including Samuel Adler, Walter Hartley, Zdeněk Lukáš, Armand Russell, Robert Starer, Roger Vogel, and John Worley have dedicated new chamber works to him. Gwozdz has also premiered full saxophone concertos by American composers Stephen Dankner, Alan Theisen, and Randall Snyder. Having been born with spina bifida, Gwozdz is also an advocate for arts for people with disabilities.
His performance with I Solisti di Zagreb motivated the press to write, "Gwozdz uses his instrument with superiority and virtuosity" (Vjesnik).
Gwozdz's Carnegie Hall debut was described in Musical America as an "extraordinary performance of contemporary music" with "the kind of timbre Adolphe Sax most likely had in mind ... always with subtlety and taste" (The New York Concert Review). On television, Gwozdz appeared with organist Diane Bish on The Joy of Music, and has performed concerti and recitals on radio for the Dame Myra Hess series (Public Radio International), Czech Radio-Prague, Croatian Radio, Minnesota Public Radio, and other networks.
Teaching
As professor of saxophone at The University of Southern Mississippi, he established a dedicated studio. His students have performed by invitation in major cities, including performances at Washington's Kennedy Center) as soloists, quartets, and as the Sax-Chamber Orchestra. Gwozdz's students have included:
* Harry Kinross White
* Alan Theisen
* Jonathan Bergeron
* Chris Condon
* Thomas Giles
* Steffen Haß
* Adam Muller
* Brian Kauth
* Dave Wozniak
* Brian S. Ransom
* Curt Altarac
* Patrick McLaughlin
* Marcus Ballard
* Jeffrey Humphrey
* Ron Gann
* David Wright
His annotated translation of the book Das Saxophon by Jaap Kool from German into English was published by Egon Publishers Ltd (Herts, England) in 1987.
Sax-Chamber Orchestra
The Sax-Chamber Orchestra is an ensemble of eleven saxophonists founded by Gwozdz in the 1980s. Under Gwozdz's baton, they have been active in promoting the saxophone as a concert medium for over twenty years. The S-CO has premiered several large works composed specifically for them, and have showcased these compositions at venues such as the World Saxophone Congress. The ensemble, whose musicians are auditioned yearly, all play using mouthpieces constructed from Adolphe Sax's original patents. The Sax-Chamber Orchestra comprises typical members of the saxophone family (soprano, alto, tenor, baritone) as well as the less common sopranino and bass saxophones.
Available recordings
* Raschèr International
* An American Concerto: Tribute to Sigurd Raschèr (1999) (with the Bohuslav Martinu Philharmonic) Albany Records TROY 331
* Simply Gifts
* Hurricane (includes Stephen Dankner's Concerto for Alto Saxophone and Orchestra) (with The Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra)
* Special Hand'ling (2001) (music by George Frideric Handel arranged for saxophone, cello and harpsichord) Romeo Records 7216
* Glazunov and Erland von Koch: Concerti (with the Plovdiv Philharmonic)
* America Remembers (conducting the Sax-Chamber Orchestra)
* Parabolically Bach (conducting the Sax-Chamber Orchestra) Romeo Records | WIKI |
Coronavirus: Trump admin training simulation predicted current failures
In 2019, the Trump administration held a training simulation on a hypothetical pandemic that predicted, with remarkable accuracy, many of the problems the novel coronavirus currently poses. The New York Times reported that the war-game style training exercises simulated a scenario where a respiratory virus dubbed "The Crimson Contagion" began in China and rapidly spread through the US.A draft report from the exercises obtained and published by The Times sounded the alarm about several of the issues currently arising in the federal government's messaging and strategy to tackle the novel coronavirus. Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
In 2019, the Trump administration held a series of training simulations on a hypothetical pandemic caused by a virus that predicted, with remarkable accuracy, many of the problems and shortfalls currently plaguing the US' response to the novel coronavirus outbreak. The New York Times reported in an in-depth Thursday feature on the administration's pandemic preparedness is that the war-game style training exercise, which was led by the Department of Health and Human Services and included multiple federal agencies, 12 states, and private stakeholders, simulated a scenario where a respiratory virus dubbed "The Crimson Contagion" rapidly spread through the US.The so-called Crimson Contagion almost exactly paralleled the novel coronavirus in several respects. It was first identified in China, was characterized by symptoms including fever, and was brought to the US by people who traveled by air. In all, 7.7 million were hospitalized and over half a million Americans died from the Crimson Contagion. A draft report from the exercises obtained and published by The Times sounded the alarm about several of the issues currently arising in the federal government's messaging and strategy to tackle the novel coronavirus. The 60-page report noted that the US's response to the hypothetical virus was hampered by a lack of clarity of the chain of command structure and responsibilities between federal agencies, chronic shortages of crucial healthcare equipment and resources, and a lack of coordination between federal, states, and local governments.
"Currently, there are insufficient funding sources designated for the federal government to use in response to a severe influenza pandemic," the report found.The report of the simulation recounted that "exercise participants lacked clarity on federal interagency partners' roles and responsibilities during an influenza pandemic response," with "HHS' Operating Divisions and Staff Divisions provided inconsistent and inaccurate response guidance and actions to healthcare and public health private sector partners."The simulation documented some of the exact same scenarios appearing now, including delays and inconsistencies at the state and local levels over school closures, and mandates that most people work from home and practice social distancing, and systemic problems in manufacturing more medical supplies. The report concluded that given the past history of respiratory viruses like SARS originating in China, HHS believed that federal government stakeholders at all levels should be prepared for a similar pandemic. As the coronavirus quickly spread across the world from China to Europe and then the United States, Trump himself and other administration figures have publicly given contradictory information about the severity of the virus itself, the availability of coronavirus testing, and the supply of crucial equipment.
In addition to the lack of testing, hospitals and healthcare providers are contending with a major shortage of essential supplies from ICU beds, ventilators, and personal protective equipment like masks and suits for healthcare workers.
In a Thursday press briefing led by the president and members of his coronavirus task force, Trump maintained that the administration was prepared all along, and blamed both China for the virus' spread in the first place and the US news media for hampering the government response. "We were very prepared. The only thing we weren't prepared for was the media. The media has not treated it fairly," Trump said in response to a question about why the US wasn't more prepared to quickly test more patients and coordinate a more cohesive response. But in addition to the 2019 report, the Times documented numerous warnings and lessons from the US' response to the 2014 Ebola crisis under the Obama administration about the overall lack of federal government preparedness.One report prepared by national security official Christopher Kirchhoff in the aftermath of Ebola warned of many of the same problems arising today with the COVID: The US overestimated the capacity of the World Health Organization alone to tackle the crisis, and the US lacked sufficient supply of protective equipment for healthcare workers and clear guidance on international travel restrictions.
Not only did the Obama administration produce multiple, in-depth reports about how the lessons from Ebola should inform future pandemic preparedness, but officials from both administrations participated in a specific pandemic training in January 2017 during the transition between the Obama and Trump administrations.While both administrations largely did not execute many of the recommended changes to prepare for pandemics after Ebola, the Obama administration did create the National Security Council's global health unit to oversee much of the White House response to pandemics.But in 2018, the Trump administration shuttered the NSC health unit and consolidated it into a separate department under the leadership of National Security Advisor John Bolton, who has since defended the decision, recently tweeting: "The Trump Admin did not 'gut' or even weaken US biosecurity. Reorganizing the NSC was an effort that spanned two administrations and preserved/strengthened our ability to respond to threats."Read more:Trump says he'd be OK with a bailout that prevents companies from using cash on share buybacks — and claims he was 'never happy' with them in the past
The CDC says healthcare workers who can't get a mask should use a bandana or scarf as a 'last resort' as supplies run short'It is unclear why quality control did not detect this issue': Early CDC tests couldn't distinguish between coronavirus and waterStunning layoff figures from 11 states show the skyrocketing number of Americans that are losing work due to coronavirus
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window._taboola = window._taboola || []; | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Avalanches in the Bean critical state: a characteristic of the random pinning potential
O Pla, Nicola Wilkin, HJ Jensen
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
14 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
We report on two-dimensional simulations of the avalanche response of vortices in the Bean critical state of type-II superconductors. Two different kinds of repulsive-particle models are considered in order to make the findings generic. We use repulsive two-body potentials to represent the vortex-vortex interaction and an attractive two-body potential to represent the interaction between the static pinning wells and the vortices. We find that a collection of very short-ranged dense pinning centres leads to a broad distribution of response avalanches, whereas broader and less dense pinning centres produce a narrow distribution of responses.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)297-302
Number of pages6
JournalEurophysics Letters
Volume33
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Feb 1996
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Dive into the research topics of 'Avalanches in the Bean critical state: a characteristic of the random pinning potential'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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Defy Soft Consumer Spending With These 4 Retail Stocks
Recent data from Bureau of Economic Analysis revealed that consumer spending moderated in the month of May, sparking fears of slowdown in economic growth during April-June quarter. Following a subdued GDP growth rate in the first quarter, economists were expecting the same to accelerate in the second quarter but soft spending has somewhat dampened the fervor. Nevertheless, personal income improved and Americans focused more on savings.
Consumer spending - one of the pivotal factors driving the economy - increased $27.8 billion or 0.2% in May, following a reading of 0.5% growth in April and 0.6% jump in March. Analysts were quick to point out that this was the weakest pace since February, when spending had dipped 0.1%. Meanwhile, personal income surged $60 billion or 0.4% in May, following an increase of 0.2% and 0.3% in the months of April and March.
Despite this hiccup, market experts believe that the economy remains well on track thanks to $1.5 trillion income tax cut package that is likely to spur economic growth ably supported by improving job scenario and rising consumer confidence. However, fears of trade war cannot be overlooked as it may undermine business prospects. Moreover, surge in oil prices on supply concerns, principally due to U.S. sanctions against Iran and likelihood of two more rate hikes this year courtesy of firming inflation cannot be forgotten.
Nevertheless, you can still defy the soft consumer spending by focusing on stocks that look fundamentally sound and are backed by favorable Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) or 2 (Buy) along with a VGM Score of A or B. Here we have highlighted four such stocks from the Zacks Retail-Wholesale sector, which occupies a top 25% position in the list of Zacks Sectors (4 out of 16). Notably, the sector has advanced roughly 8% in the past three months outpacing the S&P 500's growth of approximately 3%.
4 Prominent Picks
Dillard's, Inc.DDS , which operates retail department stores, has a VGM Score of B and an expected EPS growth rate of 10.2% for 3-5 years. This Zacks Rank #1 stock has exhibited a bullish run on the bourses as evident from its surge of 61%. You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank stocks here .
RHRH , a home furnishings retailer, has a VGM Score of B. The stock has an expected EPS growth rate of 24% for 3-5 years. Shares of this Zacks Rank #1 company have rallied about 55% in the past six months.
America's Car-Mart, Inc.CRMT , which operates as an automotive retailer, has a VGM Score of B. This Zacks Rank #1 stock has surged roughly 40% in the past six months.
Good Times Restaurants Inc.GTIM , operator of quick service restaurants, carries a Zacks Rank #2. The stock, which has soared approximately 44% in the past six months, has a VGM Score of A and an expected EPS growth rate of 30% for 3-5 years.
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Restoration Hardware Holdings Inc. (RH): Free Stock Analysis Report
Dillard's, Inc. (DDS): Free Stock Analysis Report
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Arab–Israeli peace projects
Arab–Israeli peace projects are projects to promote peace and understanding between the Arab League and Israel in different spheres. These are part of a broader attempt at a peace process between Palestinians and Israelis. Sponsors of such projects can be found both in Israel and Palestine.
Joint economic efforts and businesses
Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts are efforts to promote joint economic projects and efforts between Israelis and Palestinians as a pathway to reach peace between the two groups. They are based partially on official efforts and projects by the governments of Israel and the Palestinian Authority, and partially on private efforts by individual companies and business people who seek to promote various ventures which promote economic unity and collaboration between the two sides.
This involves ongoing joint efforts by regional leaders to launch joint new industrial and economic projects, which will create new local businesses and job growth, and promote ongoing cooperation. It is an official joint effort of the Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian governments to promote economic cooperation, and new business initiatives which can help both sides work together, and create a better diplomatic atmosphere and better economic conditions. It constitutes a co-existence project, as it is mainly designed to foster efforts in the private sector, once governments provide the initial investment and facilities.
In early 2010, President Shimon Peres took an active and personal role in efforts to promote local business initiatives. Peres personally led a tour of top Israeli executives through the West Bank, and told them about many new Palestinian businesses which show much growth potential. One company highlighted by Peres was the New Generation Technology incubator, a joint Jewish-Arab effort founded in 2002 which encourages new ideas and projects in technology and biotechnology.
Joint industrial parks
One major idea is the creation of industrial parks where Israelis and Palestinians can work together. In 2011, according to Naftali Bennett, there were about 50 factories in the West Bank industrial region where Jews and Palestinians were working together.
Local efforts and implementation
Joint economic cooperation between Israeli officials in Gilboa and Palestinian officials in Jenin has begun to have major results and benefits. In October 2009, a new project got underway promoting tourism and travel between the two areas. Major new business efforts and tourist attractions have been initiated in Jenin. The two regions are planning a joint industrial zone which would bridge the border. Palestinians would produce locally-made handicrafts and sell them through Gilboa to other regions of the world. Another possible project is a joint language center, where Israelis and Palestinians would teach each other Arabic and Hebrew, as well as aspects of their cultural heritage.
* Gilboa region
Valley of Peace initiative
The Valley of Peace initiative is an effort to promote economic cooperation between Israel, Jordan and Palestinians. It was initially centered around efforts and joint projects in the Arava/Arabah Valley, along which runs the southern portion of the Israel–Jordan border.
The idea for this project began in 2005, when Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority asked the World Bank to analyze the feasibility of this idea.
The Valley of Peace initiative began with a joint proposal in 2008 for a number of water-related initiatives. The study concluded in 2013, and an agreement was signed in 2013 by Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority to move ahead with the plan.
The "Red-Dead" project to build a canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea was originally conceived and created within the Valley of Peace Initiative. It was officially referred to within that plan as the "Peace Carrier."
Red-Dead project
In early 2015, Israel and Jordan signed a major agreement to carry out the "Red-Dead" project, and to address the major regional problems of acute shortage of clean fresh water in Jordan, and the rapid contraction of the Dead Sea. A new desalination plant to be built near the Jordanian tourist resort of Aqaba would convert salt water from the Red Sea into fresh water for use in southern Israel and southern Jordan; each region would get eight billion to 13 billion gallons a year. This process would produces about as much brine as a waste product; the brine would be piped more than 100 miles to help replenish the Dead Sea, already known for its high salt content. This would reinforce the status of the Dead Sea as an important economic resource to both nations, in multiple areas including tourism, industry and business.
In December 2015, Israel and Jordan formally released the technical plans to move ahead with this project. In May 2016, Israel and Jordan presented their plan for a Red Sea-Dead Sea canal to the World Bank and other potential investors.
In July 2017, Israel and the Palestinian Authority announced a new deal to provide drinking water for millions of Palestinians. this was part of the larger deal between Israel, Jordan and Palestinians to build a 220-kilometer (137-mile) pipeline to convey water from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. One benefit of this canal would be to replenish the dwindling Dead Sea. Also, the water in this canal will generate electricity for local towns, and will also power a desalination plant to produce drinking water.
Israeli-Palestinian Chamber of Commerce
The Israeli-Palestinian Chamber of Commerce was founded in 2009. Its chairman is Eival Gilady, and its CEO is Ofir Gendelman. It has already held its first conference, at which Tony Blair was the keynote speaker. It is dedicated to promoting development of joint economic initiatives and businesses.
Sikkuy
Sikkuy, public service organization founded in 1991, runs Ramadan tours for Jewish Israelis.
Policy groups
The following are organizations or institutions which address and analyze policy issues in a wide range of areas, as well as major projects or efforts which are officially carried out by regional institutions, governments, or NGOs.
Alliance for Middle East Peace (ALLMEP)
The Alliance for Middle East Peace (ALLMEP) is a group comprising over 70 leading non-governmental organizations that work to foster reconciliation between Israelis and Palestinians, as well as Arabs and Jews in the Middle East.
One of ALLMEP's proposals is an independent International Fund for Israeli-Palestinian Peace to support and encourage efforts to build peace in the region.
EcoPeace / Friends of the Earth Middle East
EcoPeace/Friends of the Earth Middle East is an organization which brings together environmental activists from Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Territories, to work on common issues.
One of FOEME's major efforts is a regional advocacy project to promote discussion and sharing of water resources.
Mejdi
Middle East Justice and Development Initiatives (Mejdi) is a local grassroots Palestinian organization which was founded by Aziz Abu Sarah, a young Palestinian activist who seeks to advocate cooperation and reconciliation efforts. Mejdi seeks to promote dialogue between Israelis and Palestinians. one part of its peacemaking efforts is to promote local economic development, and strengthening of economic cooperation and Palestinian small businesses. Abu Sarah has been consistently involved in a range of workshops and efforts in which he has promoted greater efforts towards reconciliation and dialogue between individual Israelis and Palestinians.
Peres Center for Peace
Peres Center for Peace was founded by Shimon Peres and carries out various policy analyses to advance efforts for peace.
IPCRI – Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information
IPCRI - Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information is a joint Israeli/Palestinian NGO and public policy think tank based in Jerusalem working towards building partnerships in Israel/Palestine. Under shared Israeli-Palestinian leadership, IPCRI carries out research and projects in various fields from economic development to environmental sustainability. IPCRI also facilitates public outreach and track two negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians.
Aix Group
Formed in 2002, the Aix Group is an Israeli-Palestinian-international economic study team that conducts research on the economic dimension of the conflict. Areas of focus include Palestinian refugees, the construction of a territorial link between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, development of the Jordan Valley, infrastructure cooperation, the economic status of Jerusalem.
Givat Haviva's Jewish-Arab Center for Peace
Givat Haviva is an education, research and documentation center, founded in 1949 by Ha'Kibbutz Ha'Arzi Federation; it is located in the northern Sharon Valley of Israel. According to its website "The mission of Givat Haviva today is to cope with the major issues that are on the agenda of Israeli society, and to foster educational initiatives, research and community work in the fields of peace, democracy, coexistence, tolerance and social solidarity."
Givat Haviva sponsors the Jewish-Arab Center for Peace. "Established in 1963, the Jewish-Arab Center for Peace is one of the oldest and most prominent institutions in its field. The common bond of the dozens of projects conducted in the Center is the struggle for better relations between Arabs and Jews, better understanding of the essence of democracy and citizens' rights in Israel, and building bridges with our Arab neighbors." One of the Center's leading dialogue projects is Face to Face.
Co-existence foundations and groups
Organizations which promote a variety of efforts and projects aimed at promoting co-existence and dialogue between the two sides.
Roots/Judur/Shorashim: The Palestinian Israeli Initiative for Understanding, Nonviolence, and Reconciliation
At the start of 2014, community activists Ali Abu Awwad and Rabbi Hanan Schlesinger, along with others, formed "Roots", a group based in the West Bank area of Gush Etzion to promote dialog and eventually trust between Israelis and Palestinian as a path to peace. The group's full name is Roots/Judur/Shorashim: The Palestinian Israeli Initiative for Understanding, Nonviolence, and Reconciliation, and was initially situated on Awwad's family’s land near the village of Beit Ummar in the West Bank.
The Roots project organizes meetings between Israelis and Palestinians who live near each other in the West Bank in order to create dialogue. The project's outreach program includes monthly meetings between Israeli and Palestinian families, a women's group, work with school children, engaging local leaders, a summer camp, language learning, and cultural exchanges. In order to accommodate this wide variety of activities, a centrally-located site in the Gush Etzion area of the West Bank is used as a convenient meeting area.
Ali Abu Awwad is a Palestinian activist and pacifist. He is the founder of Al Tariq (The Way) and a member of the Bereaved Families Forum, and tours the world together with Robi Damelin, a Jewish woman whose son was killed by a Palestinian sniper, to encourage dialogue and reconciliation between Palestinians and Israelis. His life and work has been featured in two award-winning films, Encounter Point and Forbidden Childhood. He lives in Beit Ummar, near Hebron.
Ali Abu Awwad, whose brother died in the conflict, attends many meetings with local Jewish residents. One of the first such meetings of his occurred in July 2014, between local Israeli and Palestinians within one part of the Etzion bloc in the West Bank.
Rabbis for Human Rights
Rabbis for Human Rights is an Israeli human rights organization that describes itself as "the rabbinic voice of conscience in Israel, giving voice to the Jewish tradition of human rights". Their membership includes Reform, Orthodox, Conservative and Reconstructionist rabbis and students. According to their web site, the organization includes "over one hundred ordained rabbis and rabbinical students". The organization received the Niwano Peace Prize in 2006.
RHR is best known for dispatching volunteers to act as human shields to protect the Palestinian olive harvest from vandalism and assault by settlers living on nearby land; every year, clashes are reported between settlers and Palestinian farmers. In 2008, the volunteer effort encompassed 40 villages. The effort was launched in 2002 when a Palestinian peace activist solicited RHR's help to protect olive pickers against attacks by settlers living near the village of Yanun.
RHR opposes the construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier in any place where it entails the expropriation of Arab-owned land, the division of villages, or cutting farmers off from their fields. RHR achieved a major victory in 2006 when it won a lawsuit to prevent the division by the fence of the village of Sheikh Sa'ad.
Ta'ayush Arab–Jewish Partnership
Formed in the fall of 2000, Ta'ayush (Arabic for "coexistence") is a grassroots movement of Arabs and Jews working to break down the walls of racism and segregation. It engages in daily actions of solidarity to end the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and to achieve full civil equality for all Israeli citizens.
Coalition of Women for Peace
The Coalition of Women for Peace (קואליציית נשים לשלום) is an umbrella organization of women's groups in Israel, established in November 2000. It describes itself as "a feminist organization against the occupation of Palestine and for a just peace.". CWP says that it is "committed to ending the occupation and creating a more just society, while enhancing women's inclusion and participation in the public discourse".
The groups that founded the Coalition of Women for Peace are Machsom Watch, Noga Feminist Journal, Women in Black, The Fifth Mother, TANDI, Bat Shalom, New Profile and NELED.
The Coalition of Women for Peace came to an agreement on their principles for a solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict at a conference in Nazareth in November 2000.
The Parents Circle-Families Forum
The Parents Circle-Families Forum (PC-FF) is a grassroots organization of Palestinian and Israeli families who have lost immediate family members due to the conflict. Together, they transform their pain and bereavement into the catalyst for a joint mission of reconciliation and coexistence in the midst of ongoing violence.
PC-FF was founded in 1994 by Yitzhak Frankenthal whose son Arik was killed by the Hamas. Today, PC-FF includes more than 500 members, half Israeli and half Palestinian. The members conduct dialogue sessions, give lectures, and engage in projects to support tolerance and reconciliation.
Parents Circle creates innovative projects to spread its message of hope and reconciliation. The Forum firmly believes that without reconciliation, there will only be a cease fire and not peace. PC-FF members from Israel and the Palestinian Territories regularly meet even under nearly impossible circumstances such as right after the Gaza war of 2008–09.
The PC-FF's flagship program for the general public is its educational program. High school "Dialogue Encounters" bring two forum members, one Israeli and one Palestinian to classrooms in Israel, East Jerusalem and the West Bank to talk to students about the possibility of peace and reconciliation. Close to 40,000 students are reached each year.
Ir Shalem co-existence program
In many ways the city of Jerusalem has been at the center of the conflict. The Israeli political movement Peace Now in 1994 has created an initiative called Ir Shalem, the goal of which is to build a peaceful equitable and inspiring future for this city, with Jewish and Arab citizens working together to find solutions based on equity and justice. This program brings together volunteer architects, planners, lawyers and other professionals to analyze problems, and offer solutions. Among other efforts, Ir Shalem is developing the first-ever planning model for East Jerusalem that will equitably meet the needs of the Palestinian community.
Seeds of Peace
Founded in 1993, Seeds of Peace brings together hundreds of emerging young leaders and educators from conflict regions at the Seeds of Peace Camp in Otisfield, Maine, USA, including thousands of Israeli, Palestinian, Jordanian, and Egyptian teens. The mission of Seeds of Peace is to inspire and cultivate new generations of leaders in communities divided by conflict. There are over 6,000 graduates of the Camp from 27 countries.
Children of Peace
Children of Peace is a UK-based, non-partisan, international conflict-resolution charity that aims to build friendship, trust and reconciliation between Israeli and Palestinian children, aged 4–17 regardless of community, culture, faith, gender or heritage through arts, education, healthcare and sports projects and programmes, so that a future generation and their communities might live in peace, side-by-side.
Founded in 2004 by the charity's President, Richard Martin, Children of Peace receives personal support from world leaders including Pope Francis, American Vice-President Joe Biden, Quartet Envoy Tony Blair, British Prime Minister David Cameron, British Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, British Labour Leader Ed Miliband, Bill Clinton, French President François Hollande, former Mayor of Hebron Khaled Osaily and Palestinian Envoy to the UK Dr Manuel Houssassian. Three UK parliamentarians from each major political party are Goodwill Ambassadors – Louise Ellman MP, Toby Ellwood MP and Ed Davey MP.
In 2012, one of the charity's Goodwill Ambassadors & Director of its youth ambassador programme, Sally Becker carried the Olympic Flag into the stadium at the Opening Ceremony of London 2012, in Children of Peace's name. Currently there are 20 Youth Ambassadors, from Armenia, Israel, Palestine, Qatar, the UK and the United States.
The charity's approach is to build understanding between grassroots communities in the region. The charity works with more than 140 affiliate organisations in a unique Coalition of Peace in Gaza, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey and the West Bank (and in every continent).
Localized co-existence efforts
Specific efforts and specific projects, localized and otherwise, aimed at promoting co-existence and dialogue between the two sides.
Olives of Peace
Olives of Peace is a joint Israeli-Palestinian business venture to sell olive oil. Through this project, Israelis and Palestinians have carried out joint training sessions and planning. It has also led to Palestinian oil production being enriched by Israeli components. It has produced olive oil which has been sold under the brand name "Olives of Peace." This is related to Peace Oil (UK) and Peace Oil (USA).
Neve Shalom-Wahat Al-Salam (Oasis of Peace)
The Israeli Jewish-Israeli Muslim Village of Neve Shalom – Wāħat as-Salām (NSWAS) means "Oasis of Peace" in Hebrew and Arabic. NSWAS provides a remarkable model of longterm coexistence. Formed in 1970 on land donated by the Roman Catholic Church, NSWAS sits between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. They organize humanitarian projects, including providing medical assistance for Palestinians.
They also run several schools, two for village and other area children, and they have a training facility called the School for Peace. The children's classes run from pre-school through Middle School and are all taught by both Muslims & Jews in their native languages. The School for Peace however is designed for adult Arabs and Jews from all over the area to learn about each other in controlled seminars run by trained Peace Facilitators.
NSWAS has had many notable visitors over the years. Jimmy Carter, Hillary Clinton, and many others including Roger Waters (aka Pink Floyd) who has performed several benefit concerts in the small village urging Israel to "Tear Down the WALL!"
An American branch recently incorporated under the name "American Friends of Neve Shalom" they are a non-profit 501(c)3 organization that raises funds in the US for NSWAS programs (similar support groups also exist in the EU, and elsewhere).
Hamidrasha Jewish-Arab Beit Midrash
Hamidrasha, a center for study and fellowship, works to address alienation, estrangement, and mutual ignorance between Jews and Arabs. Hamidrasha is establishing an inter-cultural Beit Midrash (Hebrew, "House of study"), which will serve as a basis for mutual personal and communal encounters, and for the study of cultural narratives and modern texts of both peoples. Jewish, Muslim and Christian men and women will engage in a true inter-cultural learning experience, with the goal of making a significant contribution to the ongoing dialogue between Jews and Arabs, and strengthening their reciprocal ties.
Green Action
Green Action is an Israeli non-governmental organization which advocates for environmental activism and social change, and has brought fair trade and organic Palestinian olive oil to the Israeli market. Avi Levi, the director, travels frequently to the West Bank to work with Palestinian farmers, helping them set up and maintain cooperatives and obtain organic and fair trade certification. The products are packaged under the SAHA label. SAHA is an acronym for Sachar Hogen, fair trade in Hebrew, and is also the Arabic word, Saha, meaning well-being or good health.
In addition to olive oil, the main agricultural product of Palestinians in the West Bank, Green Action also sells za'atar, dibbes, organic fruit jam, herbal infusion and pressed olives. The olive oil is also sold in bulk worldwide including to Australia and the US. In the US, Olive Branch Enterprises of Seattle, Washington buys Green Action in bulk and bottles it under the Peace Oil label.
The Green Action – SAHA Fair Trade Website
Peace Oil
Oseh Shalom – Sanea al-Salam Palestinian-Jewish Family Peacemakers Camp
From 2003–2007, the Jewish-Palestinian Living Room Dialogue Group partnered with Camp Tawonga over five-years to bring hundreds of adults and youth from 50 different towns in Palestine and Israel to successfully live and communicate together at the Palestinian-Jewish Family Peacemakers Camp—Oseh Shalom – Sanea al-Salam.
Arab Israeli Dialogue
Lionel Rogosin filmed Arab Israeli Dialogue in 1973, an early attempt at unlocking the cultural and political issues between Palestinians and Israelis. It is a filmed debate between the Palestinian poet Rashed Hussein and Amos Kenan, shot in New-York as they were both exiled.
Israeli-Palestinian Science Organization
The Israeli-Palestinian Science Organization is a nongovernmental nonprofit established in 2004 to support collaborative research between scientists in Israel and Palestine. Founding members of IPSO include Nobel prize winning neuroscientist Torsten Wiesel.
The West-Eastern Divan
Founded in 1998 by Israeli-Argentinian pianist and conductor Daniel Barenboim and Palestinian-American author Edward Said, the West-Eastern Divan (named after an anthology of poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) promotes a cultural dialogue between Israelis and Arabs. A principal activity is an orchestra composed mostly of young Israeli and Arab musicians, who are demonstrating the potential for collaboration between the two cultures on the universal ideas that are communicated by great classical music. They have performed throughout the world. Barenboim has also made this point by going into Palestinian areas and giving piano recitals and master classes.
Comedy For Peace
Comedy for Peace is a non-political effort to use humor to build trust, understanding and a vision for peace between Palestinians and Israelis.
Comedy for Peace was conceived and is being organized by Ray Hanania, a Palestinian-American stand-up comedian – who is married to a Jewish woman. It is Ray’s hope that the power of comedy combined with the power of two peoples coming together on one stage will help Palestinians and Israelis find the courage to look past the pain and the suffering of the conflict and see each other as human beings, as partners and as people who have no other choice but to struggle together to achieve a lasting peace.
Tolerance Monument
A Tolerance Monument sculpted by Czesław Dźwigaj in collaboration with Michal Kubiak is situated on a hill marking the divide between Jewish Armon HaNetziv and Arab Jabel Mukaber, standing opposite the United Nations headquarters in Jerusalem in a park near Goldman Promenade. Unveiled in Jerusalem in 2008, it was funded by Polish businessman Aleksander Gudzowaty as a symbol to promote peace in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
NeuroBridges
NeuroBridges is series of workshops, held in Europe, that began in 2014 aiming to bring together Arab and Israeli neuroscientists in order to promote scientific collaborations and develop personal relations that can help alleviate political distress. NeuroBridges was initiated by the Israeli neuroscientist Yonatan Loewenstein and the Egyptian neuroscientist Ahmed El Hady.
SESAME
The Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME) is an independent laboratory located in Allan in the Balqa governorate of Jordan, created under the auspices of UNESCO on 30 May 2002.
Aimed at promoting peace between Middle Eastern countries, Jordan was chosen as the location for the laboratory, as it was then the only country that maintained diplomatic relations with all the other founding members; Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Pakistan, the Palestinian Authority, and Turkey. The project was launched in 1999 and the ground breaking ceremony was held on 6 January 2003. Construction work began the following July, with a scheduled completion date of 2015. However financial and technical infrastructural obstacles forced the project to be delayed. The laboratory was inaugurated on 16 May 2017 under the patronage and presence of King Abdullah II.
The project cost around $90 million, with $5 million donated each by Jordan, Israel, Turkey, Iran and the European Union. The rest was donated by CERN from existing equipment. Jordan became the greatest contributor to the project by donating land and building construction costs, and by pledging to build a $7 million solar power plant, which will make SESAME the first accelerator in the world to be powered by renewable energy. The annual operational cost of $6 million are pledged by the members according to the size of their economies.
Act Beyond Borders
The project is funded by the European Commission's European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) for Strengthening the role of civil society in promoting human rights and democratic reform, in supporting the peaceful conciliation of group interests and in consolidating political participation and representation (Transnational and regional actions). It is implemented by Future Worlds Center based in Cyprus with the collaboration of the Association for Progressive Education in Honor of Meir Ya'ari (YAARI) and the Palestinian Dialogue Center. The action aims to enhance the capacity in CSOs to actively promote Human Rights within their community, on a national as well as a trans-national level. It actively engages civil society actors from Israel and Palestine to collaborate on jointly developed community action projects that aim to foster mutual understanding, to promote and advocate for the implementation of Human Rights standards in the region. One of the aims is to bring together stakeholders from countries in the same region with the view of facilitating the peaceful conciliation and management of group interests and promoting solutions on divisive matters or controversial areas.
MEET – Middle East Education through Technology
Middle East Education Through Technology (MEET) is an innovative educational initiative aimed at creating a common professional language between Israeli and Palestinian youth. Working together with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), MEET enables its participants to acquire advanced technological and leadership tools while empowering them to create positive social change within their own communities.
Program founders Yaron Binur, Anat Binur, and Assaf Harlap became aware that many Israelis and Palestinians never get a chance to interact with one another on a personal level, even though they grow up and live a few short miles from one another. Inspired by their experiences of multicultural cooperation in international educational institutions, the founders decided that a fast-paced, intensive program in technology would be an ideal medium to bridge the divide. With this vision, they created MEET in the summer of 2004.
MEET seeks excelling Palestinian and Israeli high school students; admission into the program is very competitive. Once admitted, students meet continuously for three years. Their first summer includes instruction in basic Java programming; this extends into the first yearlong segment of the program. The second summer includes more advanced topics in computer science and introduces a business and entrepreneurship curriculum. The program is capped by a long-term project beginning in the second yearlong segment and extending into a final summer term. Alumni activities maintain the student network after graduation.
MEET graduates have been accepted into top universities in the region and abroad, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The skills and bonds of friendship forged by MEET students, combined with the students' natural talents, prepare them for a successful future of leadership, achievement, innovation, and cooperation.
Aside from its partnership with MIT, MEET has been supported by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (which has donated lab space for the summer sessions since MEET's inception), Al-Quds University, Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and other national and international organizations, as well as many individual volunteers from around the world.
Hand in Hand Bilingual Arab-Jewish Schools
Hand in Hand runs a network of four bilingual (Arabic and Hebrew) schools that serve more than 800 students in Jerusalem, the Galilee (Galil Jewish-Arab School), Wadi Ara (Hand in Hand "Gesher al HaWadi" School) and Be'er Sheva (the Hagar School). Half the students are Palestinian citizens of Israel, and the other half are Jewish citizens of Israel. Students study in both languages simultaneously, and plans call for an eventual expansion to the 12th grade. To Hand in Hand's Website in English
The Institute for Circlework
The Institute for Circlework organizes workshops in Israel that unite Jewish and Arab women, with a particular focus on women leaders. The intention of these workshops is to awaken global consciousness, that is, the awareness of our commonality as members of the human family and of a single planetary community.
Circlework is a method developed by a German-Jewish author and seminar leader, Jalaja Bonheim (www.jalajabonheim.com), which she has been practicing and teaching in the United States for 25 years, and in Israel since 2005. Circlework uses circle gatherings to create a field of open-heartedness and love powerful enough to heal individuals and communities. Circlework is based on the assumption that the root causes of violence and war lie within us, and that our own consciousness is where change must begin.
The Institute for Circlework offered its latest series of circles in Israel during the Gaza war.
TEC-the Center for Technology, Education and Cultural diversity
TEC strives to build trust between Arabs and Jews, religious and secular through joint online courses and initiatives between college students and school children. The center established in 2003 by the heads of ICT in 3 teaching colleges is funded by the Mofet Institute Tel Aviv.
The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies
The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies is an environmental studies and research program, located in Kibbutz Ketura, Israel. The Institute's mission is to advance cross-border environmental cooperation in the face of political conflict. Under the motto "nature knows no borders", the Arava Institute brings together Israelis, Palestinians, Jordanians and other international students and researchers to enable them to cooperatively solve the region's environmental challenges.
In the Arava Institute's academic program, the participants study a variety of interdisciplinary courses ranging from sustainable agriculture, through waste management, to political ecology; as well as engage in a weekly peace-building leadership seminar that serves as a platform to address the Arab-Israeli conflict, and seeks to provide them with tools for open dialogue and conflict resolution.
In addition, the Arava Institute holds a number of research centers that engage in transboundary scientific work in the fields of water management, sustainable agriculture, conservation, renewable energy, and sustainable development.
Political activists and community groups
Groups of political activists or community activists who work for peace through efforts based on political goals and measures, or community efforts. Includes some groups which are composed of activists from one side of the conflict, and some groups which include activists from both sides.
OneVoice, a project of the Peaceworks Foundation
According to their website "OneVoice is a global undertaking to: "Amplify the voice of moderates; Empower Palestinians and Israelis at the grass-roots level to seize back the agenda away from violent extremists; Achieve broad-based consensus on core issues, configuring a roadmap for conflict resolutions. OneVoice...was developed by over two hundred Palestinian, Israeli and international community leaders...dedicated to strengthen the voice of reason."
This group rejects what they see as left-wing appeasement of Palestinian terrorism by leftist groups; they reach out to moderate liberal and centrist Israelis who want to advance the peace process; they reach out to Palestinian moderates who reject terrorism and suicide-bombings; they work to cultivate a moderate political leadership on both sides of the Arab-Israeli conflict, and are trying to pressure both the Israeli government and Palestinian Authority into reaching a just peace. One Voice: Silent No Longer One Voice FAQ
"Seeking Peace, Pursuing Justice"
The Union for Reform Judaism, the congregational arm of American Reform Judaism, has created a project called Seeking Peace, Pursuing Justice. According to their website, their goal is: "to educate and mobilize North American Jewry to support peace efforts and social justice causes in Israel.... This campaign will encourage the North American Jewish community to examine the risks and rewards of peace for Israel and the Palestinians, and to undertake critical, constructive public dialogue on the most pressing social issues facing Israel today—including the status of Arab citizens of Israel and other minorities, as well as other issues of inequality and discrimination." Seeking peace, Pursuing Justice
The Abraham Fund
According to their website, "The Abraham Fund Initiatives is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to promoting coexistence between the Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel. Through advocacy and awareness campaigns, and by sponsoring coexistence projects, The Abraham Fund Initiatives fosters increased dialogue, tolerance and understanding between Arabs and Jews...." The Abraham Fund
Brit Tzedek v'Shalom
Brit Tzedek v'Shalom, the Jewish Alliance for Justice and Peace, "is a national organization of American Jews committed to Israel's well-being through the achievement of a negotiated settlement to the long-standing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It believes the vast majority of Israelis and Palestinians long for an enduring peace and that security for Israel can only be achieved through the establishment of an economically and politically viable Palestinian state, necessitating an end to Israel's occupation of land acquired during the 1967 war and an end to Palestinian terrorism. Brit Tzedek believes that many American Jews share this perspective, but are reluctant to express themselves for fear they may bring harm to Israel and the Jewish people. Through education, advocacy, local chapter activities, and work with the media, it seeks to generate greater dialogue within the American Jewish community in order to direct U.S. foreign policy toward the realization of a just peace." Brit Tzedek v'Shalom
Brit Shalom/Tahalof Essalam
The Jewish-Palestinian Peace Alliance consists of both Jewish and Palestinian peace activists working for reconciliation. It generally favors binational confederation or two-state coexistence, drawing upon fringe historical and contemporary movements as varied as Uri Avneri's pan-Semitism, Buberian Zionism, and even aspects of rightist Canaanism for inspiration. Contributors to its website include Gideon Levy, Doron Rosenblum, Avraham Burg, Meron Benvenisti, Shahar Smooha, David Grossman, Yitzhak Frankenthal, Tony Judt, Rabbi Arik Ascherman of Rabbis for Human Rights, and Baruch Kimmerling. Brit Shalom/Tahalof Essalam
Combatants for Peace
Combatants for Peace (לוחמים לשלום) is an organization of Israelis and Palestinians who are veterans of armed conflict, and have concluded that there can be no solution through violence. The Israeli members served as combat soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces, while the Palestinian members "were involved in acts of violence in the name of Palestinian liberation."
The organization, founded in 2005, supports a two-state solution to the conflict. A statement on their website says, "We call for the establishment of a Palestinian State, alongside the State of Israel. The two states can exist in peace and security beside each other."
Israel Palestinian Cooperative for Economic Expansion (IPCEE) EIN: 45-3005555
Israel Palestinian Cooperative for Economic Expansion (aka; International Peace Cooperative for Economic Expansion; Israel Palestine Cooperative for Economic Expansion) (IPCEE) is a small 501(C)(3) founded in the United States and based in Connecticut in 2011, believes that an essential avenue for helping end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is to push forward the spread of economic prosperity and improved healthcare for the Palestinians living in the West Bank. Strengthening essential infrastructure and institutional capacity within the West Bank facilitates prosperity and self-reliance—ultimately leading toward a healthy separation and inter-independence between Palestinians and Israelis.
According to the organizations President/CEO, "The ultimate goal for the IPCEE Healthcare Initiative known as Peace through Medicine, contributes to the realization of an independent Palestinian State, living peacefully side-by-side with the State of Israel"
Included in the organization's IRS Form 1023 - IPCEE contemplates that it may make grants to public institutions in Israel and the Palestinian Authority, and this may include the governments themselves. These grants will be to fund the construction of schools, hospitals, libraries, community centers and other social service facilities in impoverished areas in Israel and the West Bank. As explained in the Form 1023, these facilities will provide classes for Israelis and Palestinians in peaceful cooperation to develop their vocational, artistic and other skills. Vocational trainings may include professional training workshops to teach locals the fundamentals of various trades such as carpentry, blacksmithing, plumbing, traditional and modern baking techniques, food service, computer science, textiles and sewing, ceramics, photography, newspaper production, and theater. IPCEE will either provide funds to build, furnish, equip and staff these facilities or share the costs with other non -governmental organizations (NGOs.)
IPCEE may provide grants to both public and private schools and universities in Israel and the West Bank and may make grants directly to the Israeli government and the Palestinian National Authority to fund the construction of new schools. IPCEE plans on providing food for schools by making grants to the Ministries of Education and the Ministries of Health (or their equivalents) in the Israeli government and the Palestinian National Authority. Additionally, IPCEE may make grants to other governmental agencies in Israel or to the Palestinian National Authority to provide technical/electronic equipment (computers, software, broadband internet services, etc.), playground equipment, educational materials (books, textbooks, workbooks, etc.), classroom furniture (desks, chairs, chalkboards, etc.), and basic school supplies (notebooks, binders, pens and pencils, etc.) Governmental grantees may also use grant funds to hire teachers, counselors and/or school administrators.
IPCEE may provide grants to existing hospitals and health clinics in Israel and the West Bank and may make grants directly to the Israeli government and the Palestinian National Authority to fund the construction of new hospitals and health clinics. Grant funds might also be used to hire medical staff (doctors, nurses, specialists, etc.) and/or hospital personnel (staff, administrators, etc.).
IPCEE may provide grants to the Israeli government and the Palestinian National Authority to fund the construction of new community centers such as libraries, women’s centers, youth centers and learning/language centers. These community centers will offer a variety of resources and opportunities for economically disadvantaged locals, including classes, lectures, language and literacy programs, and vocational training. Vocational trainings, for example, will include professional training workshops to teach locals the fundamentals of various trades such as carpentry, blacksmithing, plumbing, traditional and modern baking techniques, food service, computer science, textiles and sewing, ceramics, photography, newspaper production, and theater. These community centers will also provide public access to useful facilities such as conference rooms, auditoriums, media libraries and computer labs.
Grants would be made to governmental agencies as well as other public institutions in Israel and the West Bank.
Jews for Israeli-Palestinian Peace
Jews for Israeli-Palestinian Peace (JIPF) is a small group founded in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1982, for Swedish Jews who want to actively work towards a peaceful solution for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
JIPF's platform include demands for a full Israeli withdrawal, including the evacuation of the Jewish civilian population, from all territories that came under Israeli military control as a result of the Six-Day War, the establishment of a Palestinian Arab state with East Jerusalem as capital and a "solution" to the issue of the Palestinian refugees.
JIPF also advocates and participates in dialogue with Hamas and other designated terrorist organizations.
Women Wage Peace
After the Gaza War in 2014, a group of Israeli women founded the Women Wage Peace movement with the goal of reaching a bilaterally acceptable political peace agreement between Israel and Palestine. While based mainly in Israel, the movement has worked to build connections with Palestinians, reaching out to women and men of many different religions and political backgrounds. The group's activities have included a collective hunger strike outside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's formal residence and a protest march from Northern Israel to Jerusalem. As of May 2017, Women Wage Peace had over 20,000 members and supporters associated with it.
Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties
* Paris Peace Conference, 1919
* Faisal–Weizmann Agreement (1919)
* 1949 Armistice Agreements
* Camp David Accords (1978)
* Egypt–Israel peace treaty (1979)
* Madrid Conference of 1991
* Oslo Accords (1993)
* Israel–Jordan peace treaty (1994)
* Camp David 2000 Summit
* Israeli–Palestinian peace process
* List of Middle East peace proposals
* International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict
The American Jewish Committee
While forcefully speaking out against Islamic anti-Semitism and anti-Israeli rhetoric, the American Jewish Committee (AJC) has worked since 1985 to enhance relations between Jews and Muslims. The AJC encourages and engages in dialogue on many levels with like-minded groups committed to fostering tolerance and cooperation.
Their website states that "The American Jewish Committee has demonstrated a profound commitment to enhancing relations between Jews and Muslims, a vital part of its fundamental dedication to the promotion of interreligious understanding in the United States and around the world. Rejecting the inevitability of a "clash of civilizations," AJC has instead insisted on the possibility of a "community of civilizations" by encouraging dialogue on the highest levels with like-minded groups committed to fostering tolerance and cooperation. In so doing, we have achieved a number of breakthroughs in this vital arena. For well over a decade, AJC has dedicated itself to forging significant relationships with Arab and Muslim leaders around the world. AJC has traveled extensively in the Muslim world – from Morocco to Mauritania, through the Middle East and the Gulf states, to Indonesia. We have met with scores of Muslim leaders, including top officials of Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, Tunisia, Bosnia, Kuwait, Qatar, Malaysia, and Indonesia, to discuss topics ranging from relations with Israel and the United States to the promotion of international Muslim-Jewish dialogue." Seeking to advance Jewish-Muslim relations
In 1986 the AJC publicly condemned the murder by bomb attack of Alex Odeh (in Oct. 1985), a leader of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in Santa Ana, California. The AJC had a meeting with the Federal Bureau of Investigation director William Webster about this incident; they urged action to identify and punish those responsible for anti-Arab bigotry. In 1986 the AJC submitted testimony to the United States House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, on the topic of violence and discrimination towards Arab-Americans.
In 1991, on the brink of the Allied war against Iraq, the AJC issued a statement warning the public not to engage in discrimination towards American Arabs or Muslims. In part, they stated, "We are ever mindful of what happened to Japanese-Americans as a result of war hysteria shortly after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941. Some 120,000 Japanese-Americans, two-thirds of whom were American citizens, were evacuated and incarcerated in internment camps... without any evidence whatsoever that they were a threat to U.S. security. This must not happen again." (AJC statement by executive director David Harris)
From 1992 to 1995 the AJC worked to lobby the United States government to intervene on behalf of Muslims in Bosnia.
In 1993 the AJC sponsored the first national conference on "Muslims and Jews in North America: Past, Present and Future" with the Institute for Islamic-Judaic Studies at University of Denver in October. In 1994 they sponsored the second such conference. The third conference had to be canceled, when the AJC could not found Muslim partners who were willing to publicly condemn the current wave of terrorist attacks on Israel.
In 1999 the AJC helped aid Muslims in Kosovo.
In 2001 the AJC initiated a new project designed to advance understanding between Muslims and Jews by publishing two books: Children of Abraham: An Introduction to Judaism for Muslims, by Professor Reuven Firestone, a scholar of Islam at Hebrew Union College in Los Angeles, was written to describe Judaism to Muslims; Children of Abraham: An Introduction to Islam for Jews, by professor Khalid Duran, was written to describe Islam for Jews.
Children of Abraham
Children of Abraham seeks to build an international community of Muslim and Jewish youth that celebrates their religious identities. Through an engaging project involving a photographic exploration of Jewish and Muslim communities around the world, and honest, unflinching online dialogue, participants form a network of advocates and ambassadors for ground-breaking Muslim-Jewish relations in six continents.
Centre for the Study of Muslim-Jewish Relations
In July 2007 a new Centre for the Study of Muslim-Jewish Relations was opened in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is partly financed by a £1 million contribution from Richard Stone, a Jewish philanthropist. In the first instance its students they will study common areas between the two religions. Eventually work will extend into more controversial areas, including the Israel–Palestine question.
Group websites
* The Novel Catalyst for the Jerusalem Solution A website explaining why one school for the children of the Israeli and Palestinian governments might be the missing piece needed to achieve a lasting solution
* American Jewish Committee – Seeking to advance Jewish-Muslim relations
* The Novel Catalyst for the Jerusalem Solution A website explaining why one school for the children of the Israeli and Palestinian governments might be the missing piece needed to achieve a lasting solution
* American Jewish Committee – Seeking to advance Jewish-Muslim relations
Articles and coverage of various specific efforts
* PBS interview with Feisal Abdul Rauf
* Creating Peace at the Grass Root Level.
* Common Ground, a private view on the peace process
* Ten top Israeli business ventures that inspire peace in the Middle East, israel21c.org, February 28, 2010.
* First Palestinian-Israeli arbitration center to run in 2012, jpost.com 05/02/2011.
* Palestine International Business Forum. PIBF brings together Palestinian, Israeli and Swedish business interests in order to create sustainable economic development in Palestine.
* Ten top Israeli business ventures that inspire peace in the Middle East, israel21c.org, February 28, 2010.
* First Palestinian-Israeli arbitration center to run in 2012, jpost.com 05/02/2011.
* Palestine International Business Forum. PIBF brings together Palestinian, Israeli and Swedish business interests in order to create sustainable economic development in Palestine.
Articles on societal issues
* Where is the Palestinian peace camp? BBC News 28 May 2007
* Jewish-Muslim Relations: Using Qur'anic Narratives in Pursuit of Peace Qantara.de, 9 April 2010 | WIKI |
C!! — Contracts, Duck-Typing and the Transformation Assignment Operator in the C bang bang programming language | Accidental Scientist
C!! — Contracts, Duck-Typing and the Transformation Assignment Operator in the C bang bang programming language
One of the features I’d like to add to C++ is duck-typing. In this case, what I mean is, if an object has all of the named methods or variables you care about, you can treat it as “one of those things”.
The way you specify what an object has to have for it to be of a given duck-type is through a contract. Here’s an example of one:
contract(loose) PhysicsComponentContract
{
vector3 position;
vector3 velocity;
float mass;
void UpdatePhysicsState( float deltaT );
}
So what this says is that this is a contract (a list of methods and types an object must have to be said to honor the contract). The object it refers to has to have a position, velocity and a mass field, and an UpdatePhysicsState field. (I need to figure out whether default parameters and implicit conversion counts as matches… my gut says “not at first”… Maybe we’ll revisit that later).
The (loose) part says that the fields and methods can be laid out in any order in the object. Fields and methods are treated separately (because methods are only logically part of the object – they’re not part of the data layout).
There’s other options for the type of contract it can be. The basic rule applies that to honor a contract, all of the items specified by the contract have to be present. In the case of methods, if you specify a method in a contract, it always has to be present (so the contract type makes no difference) (kind of like an interface, but without the implicit requirement of virtual functions).
Contract type Definition
loose The fields can occur anywhere in the layout, shuffled or reordered, as long as they’re all present.
contiguous Must have all of the fields, in the exact order listed. Fields must be contiguous (except for padding necessary for alignment). Can occur anywhere in the object’s layout, as long as they’re a contiguous block.
strict Must only have the fields listed, in the order specified, laid out contiguously.
exact The same as strict, but must be laid out exactly as specified, with the same padding, packing, alignment. In other words, in-memory, the data must be memcpy-able between two objects which share that contract.
It might be necessary to get finer-grained than this for specific scenarios. That will need more work to figure out.
Requiring adherence to a contract
If you want to define a type and make sure that you honor the requirements needed for it to be considered honoring the contract, you can add honors ContractName to the class or struct definition. For example:
struct PhysicsActor : public Actor,
honors PhysicsComponentContract
{
vector3 position;
vector3 velocity;
float mass;
bool bDirtyFlag;
void UpdatePhysicsState( float deltaT );
void Render( Renderer& renderer );
}
In this example, PhysicsActor fully honors the PhysicsComponentContract. (If it didn’t, we’d get an error). If we wanted to, we could override the contract strictness requirements by specifying a new value after the honors keyword – like this:
struct PhysicsActor : public Actor,
honors(strict) PhysicsComponentContract
{
vector3 position;
vector3 velocity;
float mass;
bool bDirtyFlag;
void UpdatePhysicsState( float deltaT );
void Render( Renderer& renderer );
}
… and in this case, we’d get an error – PhysicsActor has extra fields that do not match the PhysicsComponentContract contrat when applied with strict requirements.
Interfaces
As an aside, interfaces are very similar to contracts, except they work very similarly to C# – an interface has to have:
• A virtual destructor
• Each method specified is virtual
• All listed fields/properties much be present (and public)
• But it’s really just like in C#. Heck, you might even look at them as the simple version of a MIDL file.
Contracts as types
It’d be great if we could pass objects around to methods by the contracts they honor, rather than by explicit type, but this would be quite difficult. It could be treated as simple syntactic sugar over what would be templates in C++ (and this might be worth considering). The object being passed in would need to be able to be statically determined as honoring the contract for this to happen.
If we go that way, we’d want it to be explicitly done – you’d have to cast the object to the Contract type before you could pass it into a method expecting a Contract-honoring pseudotype.
Transformation assignment and contracts
The transformation assignment operator (<==) takes one type and performs an assignment via a mapping operation or a contract specification (with explicit mappings taking precedence). Each contract defines an implicit mapping between any types that honor the contract.
(I say mapping, rather than “it knows how to copy between them”, because as we’ll get to later, mappings and transformation assignments can be more complex).
In the simple case, what this means is say that you have two structs, which both honor a contract. You can assign from one to the other as follows:
contract(loose) MustHaveANameContract
{
string firstname;
string middlename;
string lastname;
}
struct AOLChatPerson : honors(strict) MustHaveANameContract
{
string firstname;
string middlename;
string lastname;
int age;
Gender sex;
GeoLocation location;
}
struct PublishedAuthor : honors(strict) MustHaveANameContract
{
string firstname;
string middlename;
string lastname;
string bestBook;
float highestMetacriticReview;
currency currentAmazonKindleStorePrice;
}
… and then, let’s say that you want to create a new AOLChatPerson out of a PublishedAuthor. (Maybe they’re promoting their new book).
If you want to make life easy on yourself, you can do this:
AOLChatRoomDenizen* CreateNewAOLChat( const PublishedAuthor& author, int age, Gender sex, GeoLocation location )
{
AOLChatPerson* pChatroomDenizen = new AOLChatPerson;
pChatroomDenizen <== author; // copy first, last and middle name by contract from author
pChatroomDenizen->age = age;
pChatroomDenizen->sex = sex;
pChatroomDenizen->location = location;
return pChatroomDenizen;
}
This example is deliberately simple, but it shows how the transformation assignment operator can be used to simplify copying data between structs.
It gets more interesting once you start doing things like mappings between versions of structs, and other transformations that might be useful for serialization, or for converting endianness of parameters.
Yes, this could be done using an assignment operator, but I like the idea of exposing that the assignment in this case may have higher cost than you’d expect. It also implies the duck-typing that’s going on.
While we’re talking about duck-typing, we didn’t have to specify that the structs have the MustHaveANameContract contract on them – remember, that only applies to struct definition to make sure that what you end up with meets the terms of the contract at definition time. We could also have done this:
AOLChatRoomDenizen* CreateNewAOLChat( const PublishedAuthor& author, int age, Gender sex, GeoLocation location )
{
AOLChatPerson* pChatroomDenizen = new AOLChatPerson;
pChatroomDenizen <==(MustHaveANameContract) author;
pChatroomDenizen->age = age;
pChatroomDenizen->sex = sex;
pChatroomDenizen->location = location;
return pChatroomDenizen;
}
I think that’s enough for now. More next time!
You can find the previous article in this series here.
About Simon Cooke
Simon Cooke is a video game developer, ex-freelance journalist, screenwriter, film-maker and all-round good egg in Seattle, WA. The views posted on this blog are his and his alone, and have no relation to anything he's working on, his employer, or anything else and are not an official statement of any kind.
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Page:EB1911 - Volume 13.djvu/369
to attempt a difficult discrimination between acquired and innate characters.
Acquired Characters.—Every character is the result of two sets of factors, those resident in the germinal material and those imposed from without. Our knowledge has taken us far beyond any such idea as the formation of a germinal material by the collection of particles from the adult organs and tissues (gemmules of C. Darwin). The inheritance of any character means the transmission in the germinal material of matter which, brought under the necessary external conditions, develops into the character of the parent. There is necessarily an acquired or epigenetic side to every character; but there is nothing in our knowledge of the actual processes to make necessary or even probable the supposition that the result of that factor in one generation appears in the germ-plasm of the subsequent generations, in those cases where an embryological development separates parent and offspring. The development of any normal, so-called “innate,” character, such as, say, the assumption of the normal human shape and relations of the frontal bone, requires the co-operation of many factors external to the developing embryo, and the absence of abnormal distorting factors. When we say that such an innate character is transmitted, we mean only that the germ-plasm has such a constitution that, in the presence of the epigenetic factors and the absence of abnormal epigenetic factors, the bone will appear in due course and in due form. If an abnormal epigenetic factor be applied during development, whether to the embryo in utero, to the developing child, or in after life, abnormality of some kind will appear in the bone, and such an abnormality is a good type of what is spoken of as an “acquired” character. Naturally such a character varies with the external stimulus and the nature of the material to which the stimulus is applied, and probability and observation lead us to suppose that as the germ-plasm of the offspring is similar to that of the parent, being a mass separated from the parent, abnormal epigenetic influences would produce results on the offspring similar to those which they produced on the parent. Scrutiny of very many cases of the supposed inheritance of acquired characters shows that they may be explained in this fashion—that is to say, that they do not necessarily involve any feature different in kind from what we understand to occur in normal development. The effects of increased use or of disuse on organs or tissues, the reactions of living tissues to various external influences, to bacteria, to bacterial or other toxins, or to different conditions of respiration, nutrition and so forth, we know empirically to be different in the case of different individuals, and we may expect that when the living matter of a parent responds in a certain way to a certain external stimulus, the living matter of the descendant will respond to similar circumstances in a similar fashion. The operation of similar influences on similar material accounts for a large proportion of the facts. In the important case of the transmission of disease from parent to offspring it is plain that three sets of normal factors may operate, and other cases of transmission must be subjected to similar scrutiny: (1) a child may inherit the anatomical and physiological constitution of either parent, and with that a special liability of failure to resist the attacks of a wide-spread disease; (2) the actual bacteria may be contained in the ovum or possibly in the spermatozoon; (3) the toxins of the disease may have affected the ovum, or the spermatozoon, or through the placenta the growing embryo. Obviously in the first two cases the offspring cannot be said in any strict sense to have inherited the disease; in the last case, the theoretical nomenclature is more doubtful, but it is at least plain that no inexplicable factor is involved.
It is to be noticed, however, that “Lamarckians” and “Neo-Lamarckians” in their advocacy of an inheritance of “acquired characters” make a theoretical assumption of a different kind, which applies equally to “acquired” and to “innate” characters. They suppose that the result of the epigenetic factors is reflected on the germ-plasm in such a mode that in development the products would display the same or a similar character without the co-operation of the epigenetic factors on the new individual, or would display the result in an accentuated form if with the renewed co-operation of the external factors. Such an assumption presents its greatest theoretical difficulty if, with Weismann, we suppose the germ-plasm to be different in kind from the general soma-plasm, and its least theoretical difficulty if, with Hertwig, we suppose the essential matter of the reproductive cells to be similar in kind to the essential substance of the general body cells. But, apart from the differences between such theories, it supposes, in all cases where an embryological development lies between parent and descendant, the existence of a factor towards which our present knowledge of the actual processes gives us no assistance. The separated hereditary mass does not contain the organs of the adult; the Lamarckian factor would involve the translation of the characters of the adult back into the characters of the germ-cell in such a fashion that when the germ-cell developed these characters would be re-translated again into those which originally had been produced by co-operation between germ-plasm characters and epigenetic factors. In the present state of our knowledge the theoretical difficulty is not fatal to the Lamarckian supposition; it does no more than demand a much more careful scrutiny of the supposed cases. Such a scrutiny has been going on since Weismann first raised the difficulty, and the present result is that no known case has appeared which cannot be explained without the Lamarckian factor, and the vast majority of cases have been resolved without any difficulty into the ordinary events of which we have full experience. Taking the empirical data in detail, it would appear first that the effects of single mutilations are not inherited. The effects of long-continued mutilations are not inherited, but Darwin cites as a possible case the Mahommedans of Celebes, in whom the prepuce is very small. C. E. Brown-Séquard thought that he had shown in the case of guinea-pigs the inheritance of the results of nervous lesions, but analyses of his results leave the question extremely doubtful. The inheritance of the effects of use and disuse is not proved. The inheritance of the effects of changed conditions of life is quite uncertain. Nägeli grew Alpine plants at Munich, but found that the change was produced at once and was not increased in a period of thirteen years. Alphonse de Candolle starved plants, with the result of producing better blooms, and found that seedlings from these were also above the average in luxuriance of blossom, but in these experiments the effects of selection during the starvation, and of direct effect on the nutrition of the seeds, were not eliminated. Such results are typical of the vast number of experiments and observations recorded. The empirical issue is doubtful, with a considerable balance against the supposed inheritance of acquired characters.
Empirical Study of Effects of Amphimixis.—Inheritance is theoretically possible from each parent and from the ancestry of each. In considering the total effect it is becoming customary to distinguish between “blended” inheritance, where the offspring appears in respect of any character to be intermediate between the conditions in the parents; “prepotent” inheritance, where one parent is supposed to be more effective than the other in stamping the offspring (thus, for instance, Negroes, Jews and Chinese are stated to be prepotent in crosses); “exclusive” inheritance, where the character of the offspring is definitely that of one of the parents. Such a classification depends on the interpretation of the word character, and rests on no certain grounds. An apparently blended character or a prepotent character may on analysis turn out to be due to the inheritance of a certain proportion of minuter characters derived exclusively from either parent. H. de Vries and later on a number of other biologists have advanced the knowledge of heredity in crosses by carrying out further the experimental and theoretical work of Gregor Mendel (see and ), and results of great practical importance to breeders have already been obtained. These experiments and results, however, appear to relate exclusively to sexual reproduction and almost entirely to the crossing of artificial varieties of animals and plants. So far as they go, they point strongly to the occurrence of alternate inheritance instead of blended inheritance in the case of artificial | WIKI |
Projects
Daniela Rus, John Leonard, Sertac Karaman
This project will develop a parallel autonomy system to create a collision-proof car. We will instrument a Toyota vehicle with a suite of sensors pointed at the environment and at the driver to create situational awareness, both inside and outside the vehicle. We will develop and integrate the perception and decision- making software components to implement the parallel autonomy software core. We will also develop and implement novel algorithms that take control of the vehicle in dangerous situations to prevent accidents.
Daniel Jackson, Armando Solar-Lezama
An architecture is proposed to mitigate the risks of autonomous driving. To compensate for the risk of failure in complex components that involve planning and learning (and other functions whose reliability cannot be assured), a small number of trusted components are inserted as an interlock to oversee the behavior of the rest of the system. When incipient failure is detected, the interlock switches the system to a safe mode in which control reverts to a conservative regime to prevent an accident.
Sangbae Kim
Ground mobility is one of the key challenges in future mobile robots. Mobile robots can provide physical services that will be scarce in rapidly aging society. However, the mobility of current robots is limited to flat ground and cannot match with human’s mobility even in structured man-made environments. As elucidated by the failed mobile robots in the disaster of Fukushima Daiichi power plant, the lack of versatile, all-terrain mobility is a critical bottleneck for robots performing in compromised area.
Joshua Tenenbaum
Everyday tasks like driving a car, preparing a meal, or watching a lecture, depend on the brain’s ability to compute mappings from raw sensory inputs to representations of the world. Despite the high dimensionality of the sensor data, humans can easily compute structured representations such as objects moving in three dimensional space and agents with multi-scale plans and goals. How are these mappings computed? How are they computed so well and so quickly, in real time? And how can we capture these abilities in machines?
Brian Williams
The last few years has seen the prolific development of robotic systems resulting in a variety of well-performing component technologies: image recognition, grasp detection, motion planning, and more. Despite this, few modern robotic systems have been successfully deployed to work alongside humans, making the TRI HSR University Challenge (i.e., cleaning up a play area) an invaluable benchmark. Component technologies alone are not sufficient – successful robotic platforms need to engage with humans and the environment at a high level.
James Glass, Antonio Torralba
Language is our primary means of communication, and speech is one of its most convenient and efficient means of conveyance. Due to our ability to communicate by voice in hands-busy, eyes-busy environments, spoken interaction in the vehicle environment will become increasingly prevalent as cars become more intelligent, and are continuously perceiving (e.g., `listening' and `seeing') their environment.
Daniela Rus, Sertac Karaman
Motion planning is critical for future driver assistance systems and autonomous cars. Algorithms that are able to design high-performance and provably safe motion through cluttered, dynamics environments are required for cars to operate in complex urban environments. In this research effort, we will develop theories to understand motion through cluttered, dynamic environments; we will also develop algorithms that realize natural, safe motion through cluttered environments, with provable completeness and optimality guarantees. We envision these algorithms to:
Wojciech Matusik
Humans grasp diverse objects while applying the right amount of force. However, modern robots function without the dense tactile feedback that living organisms are used to. In that sense, modern robots are tactile blind. The main goal of this proposal is to investigate a series of fabrication techniques and associated electronics and algorithms to enable dense tactile sensing for a variety of applications, but specifically in robotics manipulation and control.
Saman Amarasinghe, Fredo Durand, John Leonard
Perception is a critical component of autonomous and assisted driving. Enormous amounts of data from cameras and other optical sensors (e.g. Lidar) need to be processed in real time and with as low a latency as possible to allow cars not only to locate themselves, but also to react in a fraction of a second to unexpected situations. Reaching this level of performance has traditionally been a struggle with large implementation costs.
Berthold Horn
Traffic flow instabilities (such as stop-and-go traffic and "phantom traffic jams") can be suppressed using "bilateral control". We are studying how best to implement bilateral control and make it acceptable to drivers. We need to determine what fraction of vehicles need to implement bilateral control before significant benefit can be observed. This is so that we can understand the transition to a world where every vehicle implements bilateral control.
Ted Adelson, John Leonard
We are developing soft skin for robots with sensitivity exceeding that of human skin. It gives information about shape, texture, normal force and shear force. The soft sensitive fingers will give robots advantages in many aspects of manipulation, whether on the factory floor or in the home. The fingers can tell the robot about the 3D pose of a grasped object, and whether the object is hard, soft, smooth, or rough. In this project we are building improved touch sensing hardware, and are developing algorithms to exploit the rich information being provided.
Armando Solar-Lezama, Russ Tedrake
Autonomous cars face two major challenges. First, the system needs to analyze large amounts of data from its dynamic environment, and react intelligently and quickly. Second, any such reaction needs to be safe; even a small probability of accident per mile can be catastrophic in a mass deployment. To achieve these two goals, our project aims to develop a unified framework that brings together the advances in machine learning and control that can make autonomous driving possible with the advances in verification that can make it safe.
Brian Williams
Despite improvements in automobile technology and comfort, modern driving is an unnecessarily stressful and dangerous activity. The primary reason for this is cognitive overload on the driver at multiple levels. The Toyota-CSAIL partnership puts forward the exciting vision of safer and less stressful driving through a “parallel” autonomous system that assists the driver by watching for risky situations, and by helping the driver take proactive, compensating actions before they become crises.
Edward Adelson, Daniela Rus
We will develop a soft robot hand with proprioception to be used in the HSR university challenge. It’s important for a robot to know the configuration of its own parts, i.e., to have proprioception. For example, in grasping an object, the robot positions the hand, and fingers carefully. In soft robotics the rules are relaxed: a soft hand can run open loop, mechanically adjusting for errors. But without proprioception the robot doesn’t know what it is doing.
[June-1-2018 to current]
Antonio Torralba, Wojciech Matusik
Distracted driving is one of the leading causes of car accidents - in the United States, more than 9 people are killed and more than 1,153 people are injured each day in crashes that are reported to involve a distracted driver. The distractions can be visual (i.e., taking your eyes off the road), manual (i.e., taking your hands off the wheel) or cognitive (i.e., taking your mind off the road because of cell-phone use/alcohol/drugs, etc) in nature. Within these, cell-phone use and driving under the influence are two of the leading causes of accident fatalities.
Justin Solomon
Machine learning from 3D shapes is fundamentally different from learning on images. Rather than shoehorning popular image-based deep networks to take in shape data, we will build deep learning for point clouds, CAD models, and triangulated surfaces from the ground up. In particular, we will design, implement, train, and test networks built from operations that are mathematically well-posed and practically-minded specifically for geometric data.
Fredo Durand
We aim to rigorously characterize the sensitivity of vision-in-the-loop driving controllers in increasingly complex visual tasks. While rooftop lidar provides a spectacular amount of high-rate geometric data about environment, there are a number of tasks in an autonomous driving system where camera-based vision will inevitably play a dominant role: dealing with lane markings and road signs, dealing with water/snow and other inclement weather conditions that can confuse a lidar, and even dealing with construction (orange cones), police officers, and pedestrians/animals.
Gerald Sussman, Hal Abelson, Lalana Kagal, Daniel Weitzner
When humans and autonomous systems share control of a vehicle, there will be some explaining to do. When the autonomous system takes over suddenly, the driver will ask why. When an accident happens in a car that is co-driven by a person and a machine, police officials, insurance companies, and the people who are harmed will want to know who or what is accountable for the accident. Control systems in the vehicle should be able to give an accurate unambiguous accounting of the events.
Alberto Rodriguez
The goal of this project is to develop the technologies for a robot manipulator to perform autonomous object exploration of previously unseen objects and to iteratively adapt/refine/verify its own perception and manipulation skills. In particular, we want to demonstrate that the following are possible and practical:
Daniela Rus, Sertac Karaman, Russ Tedrake
While predictions abound that fully autonomous self-driving cars will become widely available in just a few years, in reality there are major research challenges to address for creating fully autonomous self-driving cars.
Brian Williams
Casualties are in no small part rooted in stress. In California, for example, drivers can avoid a first ticket by attending driving school. One might expect California driving schools to focus on reinforcing the rules of the road. Instead, they focus on teaching drivers about techniques for stress and time management, as a way to address overly aggressive, reckless driving behavior.
Ruth Rosenholtz, Fredo Durand, William Freeman, Aude Oliva, Antonio Torralba
When is driving most risky? When do drivers find driving difficult or stressful? Why are these situations more risky or difficult for the driver? Should the car momentarily take over whenever the driver is distracted? Drivers are often distracted: they adjust the radio, talk to passengers, think about their day, and look at the scenery. If a semi-autonomous car were to take over whenever the driver were distracted, this might effectively require a fully autonomous vehicle!
Nicholas Roy, Boris Katz
Safe and controllable autonomous robots must understand and reason about the behavior of the people in the environment and be able to interact with them. For example, an autonomous car must understand the intent of other drivers and the subtle cues that signal their mental state. While much attention has been paid to basic enabling technologies like navigation, sensing, and motion planning, the social interaction between robots and humans has been largely overlooked. As robots grow more capable, this problem grows in magnitude since they become harder to manually control and understand.
Dina Katabi
Automatic detection of people, cars, and obstacles is critical for future driver assistance systems and robot navigation. This is particularly important when the object is not in the field-of-view of the car and its driver. Many accidents happen today due to inability to detect a child running around the corner or a car pulling out of an occluded driveway, as shown in the figure below. The future of driver assistance systems and autonomous cars critically depends on how well they can deal with blind spots and hidden objects. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Analyzing the Text
Prior to the railroad, crossing the country was dangerous and could take up to six months. The Gold Rush in California, as well as Americans’ belief in Manifest Destiny fostered a strong desire to create a safer, quicker means of reaching the West Coast. In addition, lawmakers in our nation’s capitol were eager to create a safe means of allowing citizens to travel to, and settle, lands west of Omaha so that those citizens could mine for precious metals and provide an even greater tax base for the United States.
The Central Pacific had a difficult time initially recruiting enough workers for the project. In addition, once the workers began the job, it was difficult to clear the earth and lay the tracks through the Sierra Nevada. Also, the deserts in Nevada and Utah reached temperatures up to 120 degrees, making the work dangerous for the railroad workers.
The author’s purpose is to highlight the accomplishments and contributions of Chinese workers, as well as to point out the challenges, harsh conditions, and discrimination the faced while doing so. She includes examples of the Chinese workers’ idea of making and lowering baskets over the mountains, their knowledge of explosives, detailed descriptions of their work ethic under harsh physical conditions. She shows the discrimination they faced because they were paid less than white workers, white workers’ violence toward them, and their lack of recognition at the railroad completion ceremonies.
The author’s tone toward Chinese workers is symp>
Her tone is also disgusted with regard to the bosses who exploited the Chinese workers and the white workers who treated them badly. For example, she notes that the Chinese workers “out measured” white workers, and they “excelled” at working on the railroad. She quotes the bosses alternately admitting that the Chinese workers were “industrious” and “worked harder for less reward,” but then would call them a “degraded” people who were the “dregs” of Asia. She also noted that bosses “roared” that they would not work with Chinese people, and that the railroad owners were swift and ruthless in their treatment of Chinese workers who asked for better conditions.
She states it was an “unpredictable explosive,” and that others were afraid of working with it. She also notes that many workers died in accidents using it, and that the purpose of this explosive was to “speed up” the process, implying a certain recklessness.
The quotes of the owners and bosses serves to shock the reader a bit and emphasize the discriminatory way these people treated the Chinese. It also shows the hypocrisy of this discrimination when, by their own words, they admit that the Chinese were superior workers.
Homeric suggests a gigantic, historic feat against enormous obstacles. This relates to the general idea of the narrative that the Chinese workers persevered and succeeded despite horrible conditions and degrading discrimination in an almost super heroic manner.
The strike connects with the rest of the narrative by highlighting that the Chinese comported themselves in an admirable way with dignity in a reasonable effort to improve their intolerable conditions. It also hits on the idea that their behavior was better than how white workers would have conducted themselves. It reiterates a central premise that the Chinese workers outperformed white workers, but were treated much worse. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Looping Web Service Calls in AppWorx
… or UC4 Applications Manager or Automic Workload Automation Suite or whatever it is called now
The unjoys of using AppWorx with the Integrations API of the Workday product.
This does not cover how to setup a Web Service call in AppWorx. My general advice there is: Don’t. The AppWorx UI can get wretched quickly with SOAP objects and the setup here will likely take much more time than coding. Script your web services instead in something like Python or Ruby where you can exercise much more control over them — especially if you have a sequence of calls you need to make and respond to. We did not do it this way, however, so I got stuck with trying to improve what we were stuck with.
We have a strange hybrid system where AppWorx initiates the first web service to start a remote operation. Then, an OS script takes over to tell AppWorx to initiate the second web service which checks the status of the first operation. This script also monitors the status file for completion and tells AppWorx to redo the call if needed. To make matters even worse, the developers responsible for creating and maintaining these web service jobs don’t have access to this OS script… the DBAs do. Thus, repairs require coordination with a group that usually has better things to do. And, well, if it ran flawlessly, fine… but it don’t (yeah, it causes bad grammar too).
I was convinced this OS script was not needed so I set about finding an all-AppWorx solution. They said it couldn’t be done. Yeah, well, whatever. How many times have we all heard that one before? Here’s how to set the conditions on the second web service job so that it loops itself until it finds a result other than “Processing”:
Screenshot of GET_INTEGRATION_EVENTS Conditions
Code Comments by line:
1. Sets initial delay. HH:mm:ss
2. Sets max duration of component (how long will we let it loop). NOTE: this uses “time since request” which means if the job gets stuck in the backlog for some reason, then that time spent in the backlog will count against this time and may cause this to abort sooner than expected. Also, remember to add in the initial delay if wanted (such as: if initial delay is 15 minutes then perhaps set this to 1 hour and 15 minutes).
3. Checks for the abort executed by line 2 (the max duration). Because the line-2 abort executed in a BEFORE condition, the AFTER conditions will still process so we must check for the abort here ahead of the rest of the AFTER stuff. (Performed ONCE because it only needs to be true once — conditions performed ONCE will still be checked on each loop until true — not exactly clear English on UC4’s part. If it needs to be true more than once, then select CONTINUOUS.)
4. Clear the subvar before first use. (Yes, it also sets the value to NO_VAR_FILE but the main point here is to set something before first use since AppWorx tends to store these perpetually.)
5. Grab the web service variable out of it’s file, $AW_HOME/web/classes/webserviceExecAgentVariableDir/{chain_id}_current_status, and load it into our subvar.
6. If the status is “Processing” then set the RESTART ON ABORT flag to Y.
7. If the status is “Processing” then abort with a message of “ok_restart” or “restarting” or whatever is chosen as standard. Lines 6 and 7 together perform the polling loops.
8. If the status is “Completed” then finish with a message of “Completed”.
9. (Optional) If the status is “Completed with Warnings” then finish with a message of “WithWarnings”. Might instead set to abort if desired.
10. (Optional) If the status is “Completed With Warnings” then abort with a message of “WebServError”. Might instead set to finish successfully if desired. NOTE: Workday does not seem to be consistent with caps such as “with” and “With.”
11. (Optional) If the status is “NO_VAR_FILE” then the attempt to load the variable from the file failed for some reason (line 5) and abort with a message of “NO_VAR_FILE”.
12. Else, abort. Aborts with the usual ABORTD message — setting a custom message here could be useful but probably not worth the discussion.
Caveats
• See the notes in the comments for line 2 for the max duration caveat.
• Setting a specific delay time between loops is not accomplished in this logic. By default, AppWorx rechecks its conditions every 30 seconds which means this loops every 30 seconds (plus one or two extra seconds maybe). It would seem logical that setting a BEFORE/CONTINUOUS/ALWAYS TRUE/DELAY TASK condition would accomplish this but such a condition will delay itself indefinitely because it is “always true” and DELAY TASK always reruns itself before any other condition that you might otherwise use to turn the continuous delay switch off. What might be needed is something more like a SLEEP action, which does not exist. Yes, I tried creative branching with variables and GOTO but got nowhere that proved continuously repeatable. Have at it if you will. Perhaps we will get a new feature for this someday — or they change the behavior of DELAY TASK.
That said, if needed, we could possibly create a pause the hard way, if worth the effort. We could create a subvar that queries the database and builds a HH:mm:ss string X minutes out and use it in a CURRENT TIME/WAIT UNTIL MET or ALWAYS TRUE/RESCHEDULE TASK condition (or something similar). Midnight could cause trouble depending on how things are built (for example, this is a problem: 23:59 > 00:01). [I thought about a similar solution for the line-2 caveat but, again, midnight is a bigger problem there. There are no datetime features that I see.]
Calling a host command such as the “sleep” command was tested but AppWorx does not wait for host commands to finish before continuing processing conditions (logical). Thus, to make a host command work, it would have to do something like write a message to a file and then follow it with a CHECK FILE/WAIT UNTIL MET condition. That could create a file mess.
WYSIWYG
This was just a quick post in case anyone happens to find it useful (and, hopefully, nobody will because you all headed my warning to not use the Web Service feature of AppWorx). Take it, expand it, make it your own. I’m probably not interested in improving the writing or in answering any questions on it.
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CLUSTAL (Alignment Format)
BioCodeKb - Bioinformatics Knowledgebase
Different types of sequence alignment formats are currently in use, leading to file-interconversion difficulties where diverse software packages are used. EMBOSS simplifies things by supporting most of the common alignment formats for input and output. This makes the interoperation with other sequence analysis packages easy. If our alignment is not in a recognized standard format then we will first need to convert it into a suitable one.
CLUSTAL (Alignment Format)
A clustal-formatted file is a plain text format. It can have a header as an optional, which describes the clustal version number. This is followed by the multiple sequence alignment, and optional information about the degree of conservation at each position in the alignment.
Many programs in the MEME Suite allow as input a file containing a multiple alignment of protein or DNA sequences. These input files must be in CLUSTAL W format, usually identified with the suffix ".aln".
6 formats are accepted in CLUSTAl including NBRF/PIR, EMBL/SwissProt, Pearson (Fasta), GDE, Clustal, GCG/MSF. Partially formatted sequences are not accepted. Adding a return to the end of the sequence may help some applications understand the input.
The only supported format parameter in CLUSTAL is constructor, which specifies the type of in-memory sequence object to read each aligned sequence. This must be a subclass of GrammaredSequence (e.g., DNA, RNA, Protein) and is a required format parameter. For example, if we know that the clustal file we’re reading contains DNA sequences, we would pass constructor=DNA to the reader call.
Each sequence in the alignment is divided into subsequences each at most 60 characters long. The sequence identifier for each sequence precedes each subsequence. Each subsequence can optionally be followed by the cumulative number of non-gap characters up to that point in the full sequence. A line containing conservation information about each position in the alignment can optionally follow all of the subsequences.
Format Specifications
The format is very simple:
1. The first line in the file must start with the words "CLUSTAL W" or "CLUSTALW". Other information in the first line is ignored
2. One or more empty lines
3. One or more blocks of sequence data. Each block consists of:
• One line for each sequence in the alignment. Each line consists of:
1. the sequence name
2. white space
3. up to 60 sequence symbols.
4. optional - white space followed by a cumulative count of residues for the sequences
• A line showing the degree of conservation for the columns of the alignment in the block.
• One or more empty lines.
Some rules about representing sequences:
• Case doesn't matter
• Sequence symbols should be from a valid alphabet
• Gaps are represented using hyphens ("-").
• The characters used to represent the degree of conservation are;
1. Asterisk * shows that all residues or nucleotides in that column are identical
2. Colon : shows conserved substitutions
3. Dot . shows semi-conserved substitutions
4. Empty space shows no match
Need to learn more about CLUSTAL (Alignment Format) and much more?
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Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass
What is a Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass?
Often referred to as a 'RYGB' procedure, or simply as a 'gastric bypass', this procedure (as the name implies) involves changing the path of ingested food in the gatrointestinal tract so that it bypasses the stomach and the upper small intestine, and then reconnects with the small intestine at a point approximately a metre's length away from the stomach.
Gastric bypass is regarded as the 'benchmark' bariatric procedure.
How does it work?
By diverting ingested food away from a large section of the gastrointestinal tract, nutrients can only be absorbed by a much smaller section of the gut, which then results in gradual weight loss.
What are the advantages of this approach over other bariatric procedures?
• The procedure can in some cases be reversed.
• Less chance of patient experiencing reflux after the procedure.
• It is the most successful bariatric procedure from the point-of-view of long-term result.
• It ss the safest and most appropriate treatment for patients who have undergone gastric banding which as not resulted in weight loss.
• Metabolic changes after a gastric bypass are beneficial to patients with insulin resistant diabetes.
How successful is it?
A successful long-term outcome after a gastric bypass procedure depends on the patient fully adopting a new approach to living including dietary and exercise changes. If the patient is unable or unwilling to make these changes the procedure may not result on long-term weight loss.
Where the necessary changes are adopted, patients can expect to lose around 60% of their excess weight.
How should I prepare for the procedure?
Smoking
Being an active smoker greatly increases the risk of poor wound healing and breakdown of wounds after the procedure. For this reason, we recommend you give up smoking entirely. Dr Silverman will only treat a non-smoking patient.
Medication
If you are taking an anti-inflammatory medication or Warfarin, Aspirin of Plavix you must stop taking these one week before the procedure. Please contact Dr Silverman if you have any questions relating to your current medication.
You will receive any further specific instructions on how to prepare for your procedure from Dr Silverman well ahead of the date of the procedure.
What is involved in the procedure?
A roux-en-y gastric bypass involves the creation of a small pouch from the upper part of the stomach. This pouch has a capacity of around 15ml – much smaller than a normal adult stomach which has a capacity of roughly 1500ml (1.5l).
Once the pouch has been formed, the jejunum - the middle section of the small intestine is divided into two. The upper section of the jejunum is joined to the newly formed pouch and the lower section is then attached around one metre further down the small intestine.
The procedure is performed under a general anaesthetic and can take anything from one to four hours, depending on whether the procedure is carried out using laparoscopic surgery or conventional open surgery.
A laparoscopic procedure is generally much shorter than a conventional procedure. Most gastric bypass procedures are performed laparoscopically, although some patients who have previously undergone abdominal surgery may need to undergo conventional surgery.
Recovery Guidance
Hospital stay
It is usual for gastric bypass patients to stay in hospital for two or three days after the procedure.
Returning to normal activities
It is common to feel some weakness and fatigue for a few days after the procedure.
After a gastric bypass, patients will need to adopt a different approach to diet and exercise as well as taking nutritional supplements on an ongoing daily basis. Dr Silverman and her team will be able to give specific guidance on diet and exercise for each individual patient.
Risks / complications
There are risks associated with all surgical procedures, such as wound infection, and risks relating to anaesthesia and bleeding during the procedure.
The risks/complications specific to gastric bypass after the procedure include:
• Wound infection.
• Staple line leak.
• Blood clot (thrombosis).
• Stricture (inflammation / blockage of the stomach opening).
Longer term the following conditions may develop:
• Nutritional deficiencies.
• Gallstones.
• GORD.
Dr Silverman will be able to discuss any possible risks or complications with you well ahead of the procedure. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Qaddafi Son Says Family Controls Most of Libya, Al Jazeera Spreading Lies
Muammar Qaddafi’s son Saif al-Islam Qaddafi denied that his family was losing control of vast
swathes of Libya , blaming Al Jazeera television for spreading
“lies” that make the rebellion look larger than it is. Most of the country is calm and under the regime’s control,
with the exception of the cities of Misrata and al-Zawiyaa in
the west and Beyda and Derna near Benghazi in the east, Saif al-
Islam said in an interview taped early today in Tripoli with
CNN-Turk television. Armed groups of “terrorists” in those cities have stolen
tanks from the army, declared their independence, set up
“Mickey Mouse governments” and are broadcasting false news
from radio stations there, he said. Muammar Qaddafi has bolstered defenses in the capital,
Tripoli, and launched counter-strikes against opponents who have
seized much of the rest of the country. France and the U.K. will
submit a proposal to the United Nations Security Council today
for an arms embargo and other measures against Libya. A group of 100 rebels was fighting a population of 550,000
people in Misrata, Qaddafi’s son said, while “at most” 200 to
300 “terrorists” were controlling a region with more than 2
million people in Libya. He said the population can’t defend
itself because the average citizen doesn’t have a gun. Tripoli, where half of Libya’s population lives, is under
control and is completely “normal,” the younger Qaddafi said.
Benghazi, the second-largest city, where many of the
demonstrations have centered, is “total chaos,” lawless and
uncontrolled, he said. Beyda and Derna have declared independent
“emirates” led by Islamic terrorists, he said. Young People The army and air force have attacked ammunition dumps to
prevent them from falling into the hands of the opposition, and
have not attacked civilians, Qaddafi’s son said. He said 242
people have died so far in the unrest, most of them young people
provoked to attack an army barracks in Benghazi. Libyans have been pleading with the regime to help them get
rid of those behind the revolt, he said. He said the Qaddafis
would never leave Libya. “We have Plan A, Plan B and Plan C,” he said. “Plan A is
to live and die in Libya. Plan B is to live and die in Libya.
Plan C is to live and die in Libya.” Oil Fields He said the regime wouldn’t sabotage the country’s oil
fields, had no problem with peaceful demonstrations and demands
for political rights, and wouldn’t attack its own people. Saif al-Islam blamed mass defections by Libyan diplomats
and the defection of two air force pilots to Malta on what he
said was false information being broadcast by Al Jazeera
television and by rebels controlling radio stations in the
north. He said the stations were affecting the “outlook” for
Libya and influencing a few people in their decision-making. All of the “lies” were coming from Al Jazeera, which has
its own agenda, he said. Libya is strong and small armed groups won’t be allowed to
divide the country, he said. To contact the reporter on this story: Benjamin Harvey in Istanbul at
bharvey11@bloomberg.net . To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Andrew J. Barden at
barden@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Zuid-Kennemerland National Park
Zuid-Kennemerland National Park is a national park in North Holland in the Netherlands.
Understand
Zuid-Kennemerland is a unique national park made of dunes formed over the centuries. A great place to go in the summer when the days are long. Take the train to Overveen (the entrance is a short walk from the station) or to Santpoort Noord (entrance almost next to the station). From Overveen, it's a 20 km walk to Zandvoort where you can take the train back to Amsterdam.
Landscape
The National Park is between the North Sea on the west and several towns such as IJmuiden, Santpoort, Overveen and Haarlem in other directions. Towards the west of the park, you will find more open sandy dunes, whereas the east is richer in forest. Many of these forests are originally planted. In fact, the word "hol" in Holland is Middle Dutch for wood.
Get in
* Overveen: the entrance is opposite of Tennis Club WOC.
* Bloemendaal aan Zee: the entrance is east of Camping Bloemendaal
* Bloemendaal: there is an entrance near Hockey Club HBS
* Santpoort: there is an entrance next to the Duin en Kruidberg hotel
* Driehuis: crossing the railroad at the Westerveld cemetery to the west, you can follow the road for a bit and there's an entrance on your right (Midden-Herenduin). This entrance leads to a forest that's not officially part of the National Park, but the trails are connected.
Fees and permits
No fees or permits required.
Get around
Besides hiking trails, the Kennemerduinen have good roads for cycling, even without a mountain bike. Entry by car or motorcycle is prohibited.
It's prohibited to leave the trails.
See
Towards the south of Overveen, there is an area with re-introduced European bison.
Buy
The small visitors centre has small exhibitions on various topics relating to the nature and history of the area. Also includes a shop and small restaurant.
Lodging
There are several hotels and other forms of accommodation around the park.
Camping
Camping is prohibited in the National Park outside of official campgrounds, like everywhere in the Netherlands. | WIKI |
Jamestown Vs Plymouth: What’s the Difference?
The first successful English colony in America was founded in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. However, the successful settlement of Plymouth, Massachusetts, only occurred after many failed attempts and a great deal of turmoil. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at these two settlements and see which one was the more successful.
What is Jamestown?
Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in North America. It was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company, a joint stock company formed to colonize the New World. The colony lasted just over four years before it was abandoned and burned by the Spanish in 1610. What is Plymouth?
Plymouth was the second English settlement in North America, established in 1620 by the Pilgrims. The colony lasted until 1691, when it was destroyed by a Native American attack.
What is Plymouth?
Plymouth is a city in Massachusetts, United States. The city was founded by Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Sir William Phips in 1620, as the first English settlement in New England. It was named for the town of Plymouth, Devon, England. In 2010, Plymouth had an estimated population of 95,972. The metropolitan area has a population of 318,947. The city is home to the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.
Who Built Jamestown?
Jamestown was founded by the Virginia Company in 1607, while Plymouth was founded by the Pilgrims in 1620. The two settlements had a lot in common, but there were also key differences.
The most significant difference between Jamestown and Plymouth was that Jamestown was a commercial venture, while the Pilgrims were religious crusaders. The Virginia Company hoped to profit from the colony, while the Pilgrims were more interested in establishing a religious utopia.
Another key difference was that Jamestown was much smaller than Plymouth. At its peak, Jamestown had just over 100 residents compared to over 1,000 at Plymouth. This may be why it failed to survive for very long; it wasn’t able to generate enough revenue to support itself.
What Did Jamestown Mean to America?
Jamestown was a major settlement in Virginia that was founded by the English in 1607. It was initially a small fort, but it eventually grew into one of the most important cities in British America. Plymouth, on the other hand, was founded by the Pilgrims in 1620. It was a much smaller settlement at first, but it grew rapidly and eventually became one of the most important cities in English America.
The major difference between Jamestown and Plymouth is that Jamestown was initially established as a permanent settlement. Plymouth, on the other hand, was primarily a temporary settlement intended to provide an opportunity for religious freedom for the settlers.
Another major difference between Jamestown and Plymouth is that Jamestown was initially populated by members of the English aristocracy. Plymouth, on the other hand, was primarily populated by poor farmers who were seeking an opportunity to start over in a new country.
Overall, Jamestown represents one of the most important moments in American history while Plymouth represents one of the most important moments in English American history.
Who Built Plymouth?
Jamestown, Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607. Plymouth, Massachusetts was the second settlement, founded in 1620. The two settlements have a lot of similarities and differences. Here are five key differences between Jamestown and Plymouth:
1. Size: Plymouth is much smaller than Jamestown. It has a population of about 10,000 people while Jamestown has a population of over 30,000 people.
2. Location: Jamestown is located on an island in the Chesapeake Bay, while Plymouth is located on mainland Massachusetts.
3. Economy: Plymouth was originally a fishing town while Jamestown was established as a trading post. Over time, their economies diverged and today Plymouth is more focused on industry and technology while Jamestown is more focused on agriculture and tourism.
4. Religion: Although both settlements were originally Catholic, over time they became Protestant settlements.
5. Governance: The governments of Jamestown and Plymouth were very different during their early years. In 1607, the government of Jamestown was led by John Smith while the government of Plymouth was led by William Bradford.
What Did Plymouth Mean to America?
Plymouth was a pivotal location in the history of America. The Pilgrims, who landed there in 1620, established a settlement that would eventually become the city of Boston. The Plymouth settlement was initially a small group of English colonists who were seeking religious freedom. Over time, the Plymouth settlement grew into what became one of the most important cities in American history.
The first permanent English settlement in North America was founded by the Pilgrims at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Plymouth, Massachusetts was the second and more successful colony. In this article, we compare and contrast the two settlements to see what makes them such different success stories. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Log scores for probabilistic forecasts across all age group, seasons, weeks and targets from Improved forecasts of influenza-associated hospitalization rates with Google Search Trends
Reliable forecasts of influenza-associated hospitalizations during seasonal outbreaks can help health systems better prepare for patient surges. Within the USA, public health surveillance systems collect and distribute near real-time weekly hospitalization rates, a key observational metric that makes real-time forecast of this outcome possible. In this paper, we describe a method to forecast hospitalization rates using a population level transmission model in combination with a data assimilation technique. Using this method, we generated retrospective forecasts of hospitalization rates for 5 age groups and the overall population during 5 seasons in the USA and quantified forecast accuracy for both near-term and seasonal targets. Additionally, we describe methods to correct for under-reporting of hospitalization rates (backcast) and to estimate hospitalization rates from publicly available online search trends data (nowcast). Forecasts based on surveillance rates alone were reasonably accurate in predicting peak hospitalization rates (within ± 25% of the actual peak rate, three weeks before peak). The error in predicting rates one to four weeks ahead, remained constant for the duration of the seasons, even during periods of increased influenza incidence. An improvement in forecast quality across all age groups, seasons and targets was observed when backcasts and nowcasts supplemented surveillance data. These results suggest that the model-inference framework can provide reasonably accurate real-time forecasts of influenza hospitalizations; backcasts and nowcasts offer a way to improve system tolerance to observational errors. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Sale of Horses Act 1555
The Sale of Horses Act 1555 (2 & 3 Ph. & M. c. 7) was an Act of the Parliament of England.
The whole Act was repealed by section 10(2) of, and Part I of Schedule 3 to, the Criminal Law Act 1967.
As to common informer actions under this Act, see section 1 of, and the Schedule to, the Common Informers Act 1951. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 61 Part 5.djvu/1099
;l STAr.] (GENERAL A(GIREEIENT ON TARIFFS ANI) TRAI)E-OCT. 3 . 1947 lCHIIZ XIX - UNMTD KINDO Bectitn A. Mtropolitan Territory Ilescriptico of Produote Artifioial Silk Tissues (octtield)s- koeeaing 12 inches in width and ocntalning (a) artifiial silk, but no dischargd or partly discharged silk (other than nil) (b) artifiial silk and holly or partly disoharged silk (other than noil) / Paragraph I at the head of this Schedule shall not oaly to this itm Bate of Duty 11d. per lb. weight / of artificial silk, plus the aTprcprzate duty by weight an any silk contained in the tissue, plum either 8d. per square yard on the area of the tissue or 17ji of the value of the tissue whichever is the greater 11d. per lb. weight r of artificial ilk, plus the apprcpriat duty by weight ac any silk contained in the tissue, plu either es. per square yard an the area of the tissaaue c. 17^ of the value of the tissue whichever is the greater 11d. per lb. right of artifioial silk, plus the appropriate duty by msight an any ailk contained in the tissue, plus 17j; of tns value of the tise A1ll1 Tariff Item No. Part dGrCrp
* ore than 75% b; might of -
� | WIKI |
1280–1281 papal election
The 1280–81 papal election (September 22 – February 22) elected Simon de Brion, who took the name Pope Martin IV, as the successor to Pope Nicholas III.
The protracted election is unique due to the violent removal of two cardinals—Matteo Orsini and Giordano Orsini—by the magistrates of Viterbo on the charges that they were "impeding" the election. Only a decade earlier, the magistrates of Viterbo had intervened in the papal election, 1268–1271 by removing the roof tiles of the Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo to speed up another deadlocked contest. The expulsion of the Orsini and the subsequent election of Simon was due to the influence of Charles I of Naples ("Charles of Anjou").
Context
The previous meeting of the cardinals, the papal election, 1277, had dragged on for six months as the six cardinal electors (the fewest in the history of the Roman Catholic Church), were evenly divided between the Roman and Angevin factions. The aged Giovanni Gaetano Orsini was elected Pope Nicholas III, to the dissatisfaction of Charles I of Naples (whose interests were supported by the three French cardinals).
Previously, Pope Clement IV had crowned Charles I the King of Naples and Sicily (previously a papal fief), but had failed to sufficiently stack the College of Cardinals with like-minded cardinals. Following Clement's death, the papal election, 1268–1271, was the longest in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, eventually electing outsider Teobaldo Visconti as Pope Gregory X, who concerned his papacy with little more than the advocacy of the Crusades (having been elected while not a cardinal on the Crusades). Although Gregory X had issued a papal bull Ubi Periculum (1274), mandating the stricture of the papal conclave to accelerate disputed papal elections, the bull was not in force at the time of this election, having been suspended by Pope Adrian V and revoked by Pope John XXI.
Proceedings
From the start of the conclave, the anti-Angevin faction, mostly cardinals created by Nicholas III, who controlled many key positions in the College and included three Orsini cardinals, had consolidated themselves as an unbreakable voting block.
The breakthrough in the deadlock came when Charles I replaced Orso Orsini, the podestà of Viterbo, with Riccardello Annibaldi, who proceeded to burst into the election and arrest and remove the Orsini cardinals, allowing the pro-Angevin faction and the Aldobrandeschi partisans to push through the election of Simon de Brion, the favored candidate of Charles, as Pope Martin IV. Giordano, the leader of the anti-French faction, and his nephew Matteo, were imprisoned, actions that ensured that the new French pope would find no welcome in returning to Rome. In fact, Martin IV never set foot in Rome during his papacy of forty-nine months.
Aftermath
The imprisonment of the cardinals caused an interdict to be placed on the city of Viterbo. As a result of the interdict, and of the hostility of the city of Rome to a pontiff favorable to the Angevins, Martin IV was compelled to move the Roman Curia to Orvieto, where he was crowned on March 23, 1281. Among the first acts of Martin IV were to remove from prominent positions the Orsini cardinal-nephews of his predecessor, Nicholas III, and to replace them with French and pro-French candidates.
Martin IV remained dependent on Charles throughout his papacy; soon after his coronation, on 29 April he named Charles a Roman Senator and assisted in his attempts to restore the Latin Empire, including through the excommunication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. The latter act resulted in the undoing of the fragile union of East and West brokered at the Council of Lyons in 1274. Martin IV's support of Charles continued after the Sicilian Vespers, when Martin IV excommunicated Peter III of Aragon, recently elected by the Sicilians as king, and further declared null his kingship in Aragon and ordered a crusade against him, which resulted in the ensuing War of the Sicilian Vespers.
The first seven cardinals appointed by Martin IV were French, but the fact that Martin IV's death coincided with that of Charles I inevitably began to weaken the French influence. | WIKI |
Schema migration
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Data migration.
In software engineering, schema migration (also database migration, database change management[1][2]) refers to the management of incremental, reversible changes to relational database schemas. A schema migration is performed on a database whenever it is necessary to update or revert that database's schema to some newer or older version.
Migrations are performed programmatically by using a schema migration tool. When invoked with a specified desired schema version, the tool automates the successive application or reversal of an appropriate sequence of schema changes until it is brought to the desired state.
Even though most schema migration tools aim to minimise the impact of schema changes on any existing data in the database undergoing migration, preservation of data in general is not guaranteed because schema changes such as the deletion a database column can destroy data (i.e. all values stored under that column for all rows in that table are deleted). Therefore, schema migration is typically only used when the data held in the database is not real nor valuable, such as in software development, where developers work only with (possibly generated) test data.[citation needed] Programmatic schema migrations are almost never performed in production for the same reason.
Schema migration in agile software development[edit]
When developing software applications backed by a database, developers typically develop the application source code in tandem with an evolving database schema. The code typically has rigid expectations of what columns, tables and constraints are present in the database schema whenever it needs to interact with one, so only the version of database schema against which the code was developed is considered fully compatible with that version of source code.
In software testing, while developers may mock the presence of a compatible database system for unit testing, any level of testing higher than this (e.g. integration testing or system testing) it is common for developers to test their application against a local or remote test database schematically compatible with the version of source code under test. In advanced applications, the migration itself can be subject to migration testing.
With schema migration technology, data models no longer need to be fully designed up-front, and is more capable of being adapted with changing project requirements throughout the software development lifecycle.
Relation to revision control systems[edit]
Teams of software developers usually use version control systems to manage and collaborate on changes made to versions of source code. Different developers can develop on divergent, relatively older or newer branches of the same source code to make changes and additions during development.
Supposing that the software under development interacts with a database, every version of the source code can be associated with at least one database schema with which it is compatible.
Under good software testing practise, schema migrations can be performed on test databases to ensure that their schema is compatible to the source code. To streamline this process, a schema migration tool is usually invoked as a part of an automated software build as a prerequisite of the automated testing phase.
Schema migration tools can be said to solve versioning problems for database schemas just as version control systems solve versioning problems for source code. In practise, many schema migration tools actually rely on a textual representation of schema changes (such as files containing SQL statements) such that the version history of schema changes can effectively be stored alongside program source code within VCS. This approach ensures that the information necessary to recover a compatible database schema for a particular code branch is recoverable from the source tree itself. Another benefit of this approach is the handling of concurrent conflicting schema changes; developers may simply use their usual text-based conflict resolution tools to reconcile differences.
Relation to schema evolution[edit]
Schema migration tooling could be seen as a facility to track the history of an evolving schema.
Advantages[edit]
Developers no longer need to remove the entire test database in order to create a new test database from scratch (e.g. using schema creation scripts from DDL generation tools). Further, if generation of test data costs a lot of time, developers can avoid regenerating test data for small, non-destructive changes to the schema.
Available Tools[edit]
• Flyway - database migration tool (for Windows, OSX, Linux, Android and the JVM) where migrations are written in SQL or Java
• LiquiBase - cross platform tool where migrations are written in XML, YAML, JSON or SQL.
• Datical - Enterprise commercial version of Liquibase.
• Active Record (Migrations) - schema migration tool for Ruby on Rails projects based on Active Record.
• Ruckusing-migrations - schema migration tool for PHP projects.
• Phinx - another framework-independent PHP migration tool.
• MyBatis Migrations - seeks to be the best migration tool of its kind
References[edit]
1. ^ http://www.liquibase.org/ Liquibase Database Refactoring
2. ^ http://flywaydb.org/ Flyway: The agile database migration framework for Java | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Adam Davies (footballer, born 1987)
Adam Davies (born 27 March 1987) is an English-born former Welsh footballer who played for Cambridge United and the Wales national under-21 football team.
Davies began his career as a schoolboy at Peterborough United before switching to Cambridge as a trainee. He made his first team debut, while still a trainee, on 29 August 2004 when he replaced Stevland Angus as a second-half substitute in Cambridge's 1–0 win away to Boston United in the Football League Trophy. His league debut came on 10 September 2004 when he replaced Justin Walker as a late substitute in the 1–0 win at home to Bristol Rovers. He made one further league appearance, again as a substitute, as Cambridge struggled in the league and were eventually relegated to the Conference at the end of the season.
Davies signed his first professional contract with Cambridge in November 2005. Despite struggling to hold down a regular place in the Cambridge team, Davies enjoyed international recognition from Wales with his first call up to the Under-21 squad in February 2006 and he has also had trial spells at and Preston North End and Everton. In a match against Exeter City on 4 April 2006, Davies suffered a horrific injury when he was kicked in the neck whilst challenging for a ball, which resulted in Davies receiving treatment for around 20 minutes whilst the club physio and St. John's Ambulance personnel tended to him. He was discharged from hospital the next day. During a game at Dagenham & Redbridge in August 2006, Davies suffered Anterior Cruciate Ligament damage and was ruled out for the entire season. | WIKI |
okay I am getting segmentation fault whenever I pass more than 300000 ints or so to be sorted....the code works fine for less than this with mergesort
quicksort is sorting 100000 fine if they are in random order, but seg faulting if I sort a bigger number, or if the numbers are in reverse order
Any help would be appreciated...
MERGESORT
mergesort(int *a, int size) //a is pointer to the array, size is # of elements
{
int b[(size/2)];
int c[(size-(size/2))];
int *bp;
int *cp;
int x;
int y;
bp = b;
cp = c;
if(size > 1)
{
for(x = 0; x < (size/2); x++)
{
b[x] = *(a + x);
}
for(y = 0; y < (size - (size/2)); y++)
{
c[y] = *(a + x);
x++;
}
mergesort(bp, (size/2));
mergesort(cp, (size - (size/2)));
merge(a, bp, cp, size);
}
}
merge(int *a, int *b, int *c, int size)
{
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
while(i < (size/2) && j < (size - (size/2)))
{
if(*(b + i) < *(c + j))
{
*(a + k) = *(b + i);
i++;
}
else
{
*(a + k) = *(c + j);
j++;
}
k++;
}
if(i == (size/2))
{
while(j < (size - (size/2)))
{
*(a + k) = *(c + j);
k++;
j++;
}
}
else
{
while(i < (size/2))
{
*(a + k) = *(b + i);
k++;
i++;
}
}
}
QUICKSORT
quicksort(int *a, int size)
{
q_sort(a, 0, size - 1);
}
q_sort(int *a, int l, int r)
{
int s;
//printf("\n%d - size", (r - l));
if(l < r)
{
s = partition(a, l, r);
q_sort (a, l, s - 1);
q_sort(a, s + 1, r);
}
}
int partition(int *a, int l, int r)
{
int i, j, p;
p = *(a + l);
i = l;
j = r + 1;
while(1 < 2)
{
do ++i;
while(*(a + i) <= p && i <= r);
do --j;
while (*(a + j) > p && j >=l);
if(i >= j) break;
swap(a, i, j);
}
swap(a, l, j);
return j;
}
swap(int *a, int b, int c)
{
int temp = *(a + b);
*(a + b) = *(a + c);
*(a + c) = temp;
}
And this is what I'm using to test with
#include <stdio.h>
#include "sorting.c"
#include <time.h>
main()
{
int size = 100000, a[size], *ap, x;
ap = a;
time_t t0, t1;
clock_t c0, c1;
for(x = 0; x < size; x++)
{
//a[x] = size - x; //set array in reverse order
a[x] = random()%size; //set array in random order
}
t0 = time(NULL);
c0 = clock();
printf("\nMergesorting\n");
mergesort(ap, size);
t1 = time(NULL);
c1 = clock();
/*for(x = 0; x < size; x++) //print contents of array
{
printf("\n%d", a[x]);
}*/
printf("\nMergesort(%d items)\nTime Difference: %f\tClock Cycle Difference: %f\n",size, (float) (t1-t0),(float) (c1-c0));
size = 100000;
for(x = 0; x < size; x++)
{
a[x] = size - x; //set array in reverse order
//a[x] = random()%size; //set array in random order
}
t0 = time(NULL);
c0 = clock();
quicksort(ap, size);
t1 = time(NULL);
c1 = clock();
/*for(x = 0; x < size; x++) //print contents of array
{
printf("\n -%d", a[x]);
}*/
printf("\nQuicksort(%d items)\nTime Difference: %f\tClock Cycle Difference: %f\n",size, (float) (t1-t0),(float) (c1-c0));
}
Thanks for the help!
I'm not supprised -- it is probably stack overflow problem with all those recursive calls and putting all those huge arrays on the stack. Try putting that array in global memory, outside any function and maybe use a non-recursive algorithm.
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We're a friendly, industry-focused community of 1.21 million developers, IT pros, digital marketers, and technology enthusiasts learning and sharing knowledge. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Professional The Skills Of Weight Reduction And Also Achieve Success.
It is actually vital to think about the health of your renals if you are losing body weight. Fat loss can be the outcome of a lot of variables, some of which are serious. It is actually often the result of reduced kidney function, one of the most crucial of which is dehydration. It is necessary that you think about the wellness of your kidneys when thinking about fat loss.
The initial explanation for fat burning is decreased physical body liquid, which results in water loss as well as electrolyte equilibrium. In addition, effective weight loss is commonly a straight outcome of increased power cost via strenuous exercise, a marked reduce in exercise, or even an increase in caloric intake. As liquid reduces, the body is actually forced to utilize stashed minerals and power coming from fat tissues for functions aside from keeping track of calories. Due to this, the excess power is held as fat deposits, not as glycogen, which supplies the electricity needed to have for physical exercise as well as other activities.
The second explanation for weight management is extra refined. Starting measurements reduces happen after a person has actually stopped gaining weight. As being one continues to slim down, their body system mass index (SMBI) commonly sags somewhat, occasionally losing below the starting measurements for some folks. This drop in body weight is certainly not essentially an irreversible modification, however it could be really noticeable.
Due to the fact that they consume far fewer calories, one of the causes why individuals lose body weight is actually. A diet regimen low in fats is actually referred to as a low calorie diet regimen. A pound of weight for every single five pounds of height is actually the well-known specification for healthy and balanced fat burning. In order to drop 5 pounds every full week, you must decrease your day-to-day calorie consumption by 200 fats. You must perform a mixture of aerobic physical exercise, such as running, diving, as well as cycling, and a regulated diet plan, being made up of fruit products as well as veggies, reduced in calories as well as saturated fat, or protein, with tiny portions of lean porks and also poultry.
An additional cause for unexplained weight reduction is actually water reduction. If you are shedding large volumes of water, specifically coming from your upper body location, this could be yet another sign. Considering that it uses up more electricity to do thus, your body is actually normally made to shed extreme physical body weight. The additional water you drop, the less electricity your body system makes use of to keep its ordinary price of rate of metabolism. You are going to also notice your skin looking drier than usual, even if you have not gained any kind of body weight.
The 3rd major reason for weight reduction is actually improvements in your physical body structure. The range may not enroll that a lot body weight loss, nevertheless most of it is actually body weight reduction.
One strategy that you can easily use to determine your body weight after a short time is actually to make use of the Body Check out unit at your neighborhood health and fitness center. This basic gadget procedures your physical body weight in pounds, stones, and also ounces. It then includes two and a half pounds to your determined body system weight in order to provide you a concept of your progression. Physical body Check can additionally measure your body fat, however it does not provide you a precise variety like the body system weight or even the BMI personal digital assistant.
You need to not be actually distressed if you are actually trying to drop a substantial quantity of body weight. Everyone possesses various explanations for slimming down, however the additional information you have the much better equipped you will definitely be actually to benefit from those main reasons. Once you have identified your beginning size, you can easily start to cultivate an eating strategy that will assist you reach your goal. If you do not see any sort of effective weight loss leads within the initial two months that you have actually been adhering to the consuming planning, at that point you need to improve the quantity of the strategy that you are adhering to or even transform the sort of food items you are actually consuming.
Fat loss: Fat burning is actually an overall decrease in physical body weight, typically resulting from boosted food intake or minimized physical exertion. Usually, very most instances of rapid weight reduction develop due to the loss of lean body system mass, however occasionally, especially in harsh fat burning cases, total reduction of body protein as well as other nutrients may additionally happen. When the body loses large quantities of water through throwing up, diarrhea, or extreme sweating, Body weight reduction likewise occurs. Usually, many weight management comes from weight management brought on by increased food items intake or lowered activity.
BMI (Body System Mass Mark): The Body Mass Mark gauges the weight of a private by utilizing certain strategies based on elevation and age. These strategies consider the sex, race, age, and degree of exercising. Folks who possess much higher weights or lesser elevations than standard are actually looked at obese, while those along with greater body weights or even lower heights than standard are actually taken into consideration over weight. People that are categorized as seriously overweight possess a BMI that puts them in the extremely higher wellness threat category. Internet Seite
Workout and also diet plan play essential duties in any type of weight loss system. A combo of well-balanced diet regimen and normal workout, in addition to effective weight loss supplements such as Acai berry and Garcinia cambogia extract cambogia may assist you meet your effective weight loss objectives. You ought to be actually certain to talk with your medical professional just before starting any type of brand-new diet regimen or physical exercise routines. Your doctor can easily supply you along with details regarding the possible threats and benefits of such an adjustment in your lifestyle.
Rather, some people locate that they finish up shedding a considerable volume of weight. It may take an individual a number of months to drop notable amounts of weight, also when they are actually consuming a dramatically much smaller volume of meals.
An under active thyroid is likewise called reduced energy or bad energy degrees. The majority of people along with problems with your thyroid file that they are actually not able to slim down. They seem to be to gain weight as opposed to lose it. They might additionally be actually experiencing persistent fatigue. Some of the absolute most obvious signs of problems with your thyroid is actually reduced electricity levels, which may lead to lessened performance and physical activity. It is feasible that the additional fats taken in are actually turned into fat as a result of the absence of power, which can lead to fat burning if the person performs certainly not engage in exercising.
For lots of people, maintaining a stable body system weight may be difficult. Losing a huge quantity of body weight quickly may be difficult for a person to keep. It could be tough to keep up with the modifying dimensions and clothes dimensions. When you take into account the many health advantages of weight reduction may additionally affect your selection of clothes measurements. Because of this, it is important to have a weight of the health and wellness advantages against the potential side effects before taking any sort of measures to lose weight.
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Jelles Fonda, the ancestor of actors Henry, Jane and Peter Fonda, wanted his slaves back. During a 1780 raid, some had been captured and taken to Canada from his property in Caughnawaga (Fonda), New York and his farm which stood where the Mohawk Community now is near Yosts.
It is difficult to say how many slaves Jelles Fonda had. By his own admission he was the second wealthiest man in Tryon (now Montgomery) County and tax records substantiate his wealth. Until his death in 1774, Sir William Johnson had been the wealthiest man and had owned upwards of 40 slaves during his lifetime. A tax list made just prior to the Revolution, shows Jelles was taxed more than double his father Douw. Douw had five slaves taken during the 1780 raid, but we don’t know how many slaves escaped the raid. Most likely Jelles had more slaves than his father but far fewer than Johnson.
The Treaty of Paris made no provision for Americans to get their slaves back if taken to Canada during raids. The only article relative to African-Americans, Article 7, stated “…his Brittanic Majesty shall with all convenient speed, and without causing any Destruction, or carrying away any Negroes or other Property of the American inhabitants, withdraw…from the said United States…”
Fonda wasn’t the only one who wanted his slaves back. On May 6, 1783, George Washington met with Sir Guy Carleton, Governor General of British North America, in Tappan, NY to discuss the withdrawal of British troops per the provisional Treaty of Paris. One item Washington discussed was the requirement the British return all slaves in their possession who belonged to Americans. Carleton told Washington that “delivering up the Negroes to their former Masters would be delivering them up some possible to Execution, and others to severe punishments, which in his Opinion would be a dishonorable violation of the public Faith, pledged to the Negroes in the proclamations.” The proclamations Carleton referred to were promises of freedom to rebel owned slaves if they fought for the British.
The usually unflappable Washington began flapping when he discovered Carleton had already evacuated 3000 slaves, some belonging to him, including one Harry Washington, whose story is well documented. Carleton’s thinking was that these Blacks had already been freed by the British and since they were no longer anyone’s property, Article 7 did not apply to them. Carleton also told Washington he had carefully recorded all slaves and former masters’ names so they could be compensated.
Fonda’s slaves were not covered under the treaty. They were “spoils of war.” Fonda appealed directly to Sir John Johnson, who had served with him prior to the Revolution on the first Tryon County Court and who led the raid in which Fonda’s slaves were captured. Writing to Sir Frederick Haldimand, Governor of Quebec, on September 8, 1783, Johnson said, “Having had an application from Major Fonda, of Tryon County, to return him his Negros, brought in by me in 1780, in Consequence of Lieutenant Colonel Butlers Acquainting him that I would Willingly do so, provided I could Obtain Your Excellency’s Approbation, As I imagine he would be glad to return me some of mine in lieu of them, that are in his Neighbourhood…”
Hearing of Fonda’s request, John Johnson’s brother-in-law, Daniel Claus, whose confiscated estate in between Guy Park and Fort Johnson on the Mohawk River, wrote to Haldimand’s secretary, Captain Robert Mathews, on July 7, 1783, stating “Among others, I hear a Major Fonda of the Mohawk Country has sent for two negro men of his that work at Quebec. This very man, I am particularly positively informed, has among other articles that were sold at one of the sales of my personal estate purchased two handy young negro girls. The cleverest (Mrs Claus’s maid) he sold again at an advanced price in Philadelphia or Virginia, and the other he gave to his son-in-law. And now, I suppose, he is anxious to get the little of his property he has in this province or elsewhere without the least thought of restoring the Loyalists’ effects he acquired by some means or other, for I understand he appropriated a considerable part of our family’s effects.”
On September 11, 1783, Haldimand approved the exchange of slaves. Little has been written about the dozens of slaves belonging to the Claus, Fonda, Johnson and other Mohawk Valley families who were confiscated or captured in raids during the Revolution. It appears, however, that most were in the same condition at the end of the war as at the beginning, except a few had new owners.
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Uit oude grond
Uit oude grond (translation: "From the Old Ground") is the third studio album by the Dutch folk/viking metal band Heidevolk, which was released on March 26, 2010.
Personnel
* Mark Bockting - vocals
* Jesse Vuerbaert - vocals
* Joost Westdijk - drums
* Rowan Middelwijk - bass
* Sebas Bloeddorst - guitars, mandolin, bullhorn, Jew's harp
* Reamon Bloem - guitars
* Joris Boghtdrincker - vocals
Guest musicians
* Dick Kemper - vocals
* Elianne Anemaat - cello
* Irma Vedelaer - violin, viola
* Nico Neusbeul - vocals
Production
* Dick Kemper - mixing | WIKI |
Top 10 movies summer box office 2016
There's been a lot of complaining this summer about Hollywood releasing sequel after sequel from big movie franchises. And yes, there have been a lot of big-budget movies that underperformed: "Independence Day: Resurgence," "Alice Through the Looking Glass," "Zoolander 2," and "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows" are just a few. But if you hate franchises, sorry: The movie sequels and adaptations will keep coming. To see why Hollywood loves franchises, all you have to do is look at the top 10 highest-grossing movies of the summer so far, below.Note: All figures below are domestic gross totals via BoxOfficeMojo.com.
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10. "The Angry Birds Movie" - $107.2 million
Based on the popular app.
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9. "Ghostbusters" - $116.5 million
A female-led reboot of the franchise that began in 1984.
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8. "The Legend of Tarzan" - $124 million
The latest movie based on the stories created by Edgar Rice Burroughs.
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7. "Central Intelligence" - $126 million
An original comedy starring Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson and Kevin Hart.
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6. "Star Trek Beyond" - $127.7 million
The latest sequel in the "Star Trek" franchise.
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5. "Suicide Squad" - $133.6 million
The latest release in the DC Comics cinematic universe.
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4. "X-Men: Apocalypse" - $155.4 million
The latest movie in the "X-Men" franchise.
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3. "The Secret Life of Pets" - $319.5 million
An original animated family movie from the creators of "Despicable Me."
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2. "Captain America: Civil War" - $407.1 million
The latest movie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
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1. "Finding Dory" - $473.8 million
The sequel to "Finding Nemo."
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How many original movies did you find?
The answer is 2: "Central Intelligence" and "The Secret Life of Pets." Because we are still coming out in droves to see sequels and adaptations, there probably won't be a change in Hollywood's summer habits. In fact, one box-office expert is very confident there will be little change. "The next three summers are already mapped out and look very similar to 2016," Jeff Bock, senior box-office analyst at Exhibitor Relations, told Business Insider. "The only difference we might see is smaller studio films populating the release schedule, as they attempt to make up some of the sequel slack." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
5 min read
Spring Boot application.properties in Kubernetes
What is the best way to keep environment-specific variables when migrating a Spring Boot application to Kubernetes? Should you create different “application.properties” files and use profiles? Use environment variables? What about security?
A common friction point between developers and DevOps is around injecting specific environment settings to the application. Some developers don’t think ahead, and DevOps rarely provides clear guidance on what should go where.
We’re finally past the “hardcoded” connection strings in the codebase days (are we really?).
In Java Spring Boot, the application.properties, or application.yaml files, give you a few options for customization:
Profiles
One way of supporting multiple environments is to keep multiple application.properties files in the project’s “resource” folder. You will keep one copy of the file for each environment, and specify a profile when running the Spring Boot application.
applicaiton.properties
development-application.properties
staging-application.properties
To specify a profile when running the app, use the file prefix in the profile option:
java -Dspring.profiles.active=staging -jar unicornapp.jar
Once you compile the application, the files are bundled in the JAR and ready for use by specifying the profile name.
That works fine for “simple” and straightforward deployments but doesn’t cut it for modern dockerized environments.
On top of that, you don’t want to keep credentials, secrets, or any sensitive information in your source control. This is why this solution should only be used for local development environments.
Environment Variables
Spring Boot allows you to use environment variables in the application.properties file and even use default values in case they are not set.
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://${MYSQL_HOST:localhost}:3306/dbname
I In the above example, you can see that the hostname is set to an environment variable “MYSQL_HOST” with a default value of “localhost”.
So if a developer runs the app without setting any environment variables, the connection string would be:
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbname
And if in production you will set the MYSQL_HOST environment variable to mysql-prod the connection string will be:
jdbc:mysql://mysql-prod:3306/dbname
When you assign values to properties, try to figure out if they would change in different environments and avoid hard coding them. That includes connection strings, file locations, names, etc.
External application.properties files
Next, there’s a handy feature of the Spring Boot application.properties file you can use - You can override the original values by placing an external application.propeties file next to the JAR on the server.
your-unicorn-app.jar
application.properties
When you do that, Spring Boot will override merge the two files and will give precedence to the values in the external file.
So if the bundled application.properties file has the following values:
logging.level.org.springframework=INFO
logging.level.root=WARN
logging.level.com.baeldung=TRACE
## Database
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dbname
spring.datasource.username=user
spring.datasource.password=password
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
And the application.properties file you placed next to the jar has the following values:
logging.level.root=ERROR
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://msql-prod:3306/dbname
spring.datasource.username=dbusername
spring.datasource.password=FancyPassword
server.port=8085
Then the effective settings will be:
logging.level.org.springframework=INFO
logging.level.root=ERROR
logging.level.com.baeldung=TRACE
## Database
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://msql-prod:3306/dbname
spring.datasource.username=dbusername
spring.datasource.password=FancyPassword
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
server.port=8085
As you can see, Spring Boot merged the values.
What’s the best way to set values when we deploy in Kubernetes?
application.properties in Kubernetes
There are various ways to set environment specific settings in Kubernetes, and my tendency is to use environment variables when possible.
I do prefer using the mounted application.properties files in the form of ConfigMaps and Secrets in the following cases:
1. If there are many values to override - otherwise, the configuration can quickly get unreadable.
2. I don’t like having credentials, tokens, etc., in environment variables. At one point, I even got some pushbacks from a few large enterprises.
3. When you don’t have a choice - the developers didn’t allow for overriding the values from environment variables. That happens as well.
Passing environment variables to the container in Kubernetes
Let’s say that you want to update the spring.datasource.url by using an environment variable.
If the original entry in application.properties is set to:
jdbc:mysql://${MYSQL_HOST:localhost}:3306/dbname
Where MYSQL_HOST is the environment variable for the hostname. Just add the following to the deployment YAML:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: demowebapp
labels:
app: webapp
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: webapp
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: webapp
spec:
containers:
- name: demowebapp
image: registry.gitlab.com/unicorn/unicornapp:1.0
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
imagePullPolicy: Always
env:
- name: MYSQL_HOST
value: mysql-prod
Now, suppose that we want to use a secret to update the spring.datasource.password.
First, we need to create a secret:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: datasource-credentials
type: Opaque
data:
dbuser: ZGJ1c2VybmFtZQ==
dbpassword: RmFuY3lQYXNzd29yZA==
Note that the values in the YAML file are base64 encoded.
Apply that to your cluster to create the secret.
Then, we can mount the secrets as environment variables:
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: demowebapp
labels:
app: webapp
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: webapp
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: webapp
spec:
containers:
- name: demowebapp
image: registry.gitlab.com/unicorn/unicornapp:1.0
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
imagePullPolicy: Always
env:
- name: MYSQL_HOST
value: mysql-prod
- name: MYSQK_USER
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: datasource-credentials
key: dbuser
- name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: datasource-credentials
key: dbpassword
Mounting an application.properties file next to the JAR
Kubernetes comes with two options we can use to store our application.properties file:
1. ConfigMap
2. Secret
The difference between them is that ConfigMaps are not supposed to contain sensitive information, and are a tiny bit easier to work with.
Secrets, on the other hand, are meant for storing sensitive information and offer better security.
Because in most cases, the values that you will need to inject to the application.properties files will contain sensitive environment-specific information, I would recommend choosing secrets.
If you want to use ConfigMaps instead, read this document for more information
For this example, lets assume that the applicaiton.properties file content for the production environment is:
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://msql-prod:3306/dbname
spring.datasource.username=dbusername
spring.datasource.password=FancyPassword
I will base64 encode the file and copy the result, then paste it as the value for the application.properties key:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: application.properties
type: Opaque
data:
application.properties: c3ByaW5nLmRhdGFzb3VyY2UudXJsPWpkYmM6bXlzcWw6Ly9tc3FsLXByb2QzMzA2L2RibmFtZQpzcHJpbmcuZGF0YXNvdXJjZS51c2VybmFtZT1kYnVzZXJuYW1lCnNwcmluZy5kYXRhc291cmNlLnBhc3N3b3JkPUZhbmN5UGFzc3dvcmQK
Don’t commit this file to your source control “as is” thinking that the values encrypted.
An alternative way of creating this secret is to load it directly from a file. You can read more about it here.
We now want to mount the secret as a file and place it next to the JAR. So assuming that the JAR is located at /opt/unicorn/your-unicorn-app.jar :
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: demowebapp
labels:
app: webapp
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: webapp
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: webapp
spec:
containers:
- name: demowebapp
image: registry.gitlab.com/unicorn/unicornapp:1.0
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
imagePullPolicy: Always
volumeMounts:
- name: application-properties
mountPath: "/opt/unicorn/application.properties"
readOnly: true
subPath: application.properties
volumes:
- name: application-properties
secret:
secretName: application.properties
I would highly recommend checking out Helm, as it allows you to use templates, value files, and other neat features that will help you create a better workflow.
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File:Photograph of Deep Sidhu (born Sandeep Singh Sidhu), late actor and founder of Waris Panjab De.jpg | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paris By Night 106
The result was redirect to Paris By Night. Mark Arsten (talk) 01:37, 2 January 2014 (UTC)
Paris By Night 106
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
This is part of a series of articles about individual episodes of a Vietnamese TV show, Paris By Night. As with most of these articles, it includes no reliable third-party sources and likely fails WP:GNG. eh bien mon prince (talk) 21:36, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Vietnam-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:07, 18 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of France-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:07, 18 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:07, 18 December 2013 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 17:07, 18 December 2013 (UTC)
* Is there a List of Paris By Night episodes article that can be redirected to? If not, it should be redirected to the parent article, as individual episodes aren't usually notably, unless the show you are talking about is called The Simpsons. Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 13:47, 19 December 2013 (UTC)
* Delete as per nom. And let's make this a precedent for the entire series afterwards. -- P 1 9 9 ✉ 17:20, 24 December 2013 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so a clearer consensus may be reached.
* Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Sandstein 11:42, 25 December 2013 (UTC)
* Redirect to Paris By Night, assuming that it is common practice to refer to each individual episode of this series by number. Lankiveil (speak to me) 07:08, 30 December 2013 (UTC).
| WIKI |
BRIEF-Aperam Takes Additional Actions In Context Of COVID-19
March 19 (Reuters) - Aperam SA: * APERAM TAKES ADDITIONAL ACTIONS IN CONTEXT OF COVID-19 * HAVE DECIDED IN COORDINATION WITH OUR SOCIAL PARTNERS TO TEMPORARILY PAUSE PRODUCTION AT SOME OF OUR EUROPEAN PRODUCTION LINES WHERE DEEMED NECESSARY * SUCH MEASURES ARE EXPECTED TO TAKE A FEW DAYS TO IMPLEMENT DEPENDING ON OPERATIONS * RESTART AND FURTHER OUTPUT LEVEL WILL BE ADAPTED IN LINE WITH FUTURE MEASURES ORDERED BY AUTHORITIES * ON COVID-19: WILL ALSO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT RELATED IMPACT ON WORKFORCE AND PRODUCTION SITUATION OF CUSTOMERS Further company coverage: (Gdansk Newsroom) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
[webrtc-extensions] Add API to control jitterBufferTarget handling (#199)
eldarrello has just created a new issue for https://github.com/w3c/webrtc-extensions:
== Add API to control jitterBufferTarget handling ==
### Background
There is missing possibility to force jitter buffer to operate with specific delay. Existing attribute jitterBufferTarget enables setting of minimum delay, but upper bound is not controllable from application layer, meaning that jitter buffer can increase the delay according to network conditions. There are use cases where it is unavoidable to have full control over jitter buffer delay. For example one scenario where several jitter buffers need to be synchronised and maintaining good synchronisation is much more important than potentially loosing some packets due to too small buffering.
### Proposed API
enum RTCJitterBufferTargetMode {
"normal",
"precise",
};
partial dictionary RTCRtpReicever {
RTCJitterBufferTargetMode jitterBufferTargetMode = "normal";
};
### Details
Normal mode would mean current behaviour where jitterBufferTarget sets the base minimum for jitter buffer and upper bound remains controllable by jitter buffer itself.
Precise mode would mean that jitterBufferTarget sets both min and max delay for jitter buffer and secondly jitter buffer tries to adapt to jitterBufferTarget more aggressively ie. as fast as possible.
Please view or discuss this issue at https://github.com/w3c/webrtc-extensions/issues/199 using your GitHub account
--
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Received on Friday, 9 February 2024 18:17:41 UTC | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Rhinoplasty – removal of a defect or deformity of the nose
Circle
Rhinoplasty – removal of a defect or deformity of the nose
The nose is a very important part of the body, through it we can breathe and smell. It also has a significant impact on the appearance of the face, and for this reason it often becomes a source of complexes: it can be too big, too long or hunched. The solution to these problems is rhinoplasty, or nose surgery. What does it look like step by step and for whom is it recommended?
Nose surgery – rhinoplasty – is it worth it?
Currently, rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly performed operations in the field of plastic surgery. It is estimated that it is performed up to several thousand times a year in Poland. Rhinoplasty surgery is a suitable solution for people who do not like the appearance of this part of their body, which may be influenced by a congenital defect or injury. It is also required for problems with free breathing due to nasal obstruction (in which case a septal straightening procedure combined with correction is performed). It is worth opting for rhinoplasty, if only for the sake of psychological comfort. Sometimes it happens that complexes related to the appearance of the nose negatively affect the mood, lead to lower self-esteem and even withdrawal from social life.
A crooked nasal septum, a hump and bumps on the ridge or a disproportionately large nose are not all indications for surgery. It is also performed on people with a nose that is too long or wide, post-splitting deformity and other congenital defects, as well as a nose tip that is too large or drooping.
How does rhinoplasty surgery proceed?
The first, very important stage of rhinoplasty is a consultation, during which a detailed interview with the patient is conducted. The person who has decided to undergo surgery should inform the doctor about any health problems, for example, diabetes. The surgeon will provide lists of necessary laboratory tests and possible consultations. It is important to be vaccinated against hepatitis B, as well as to discontinue medications that reduce blood clotting a few days before the planned surgery.
Whichever way the surgery is performed, it is most often done under general anesthesia. There are two methods of performing it: closed and open. In the closed method, the cut is carried out in the nasal passages, so it is not visible to the outside. It is also performed in the open method, in which an additional cut is made on the nasal pillar, where a fine scar is left. During the operation, it is necessary to detach the skin from the cartilage and bone structure. Then the surgeon corrects the shape of the nose, and then the skin is put back on. If the patient has decided to have a complete nose correction, they stay in the clinic for one day.
After the operation, there is swelling, which lasts for several days. The patient may also experience discomfort, associated with the placement of setons in the nasal passages, which are removed on the second day after the procedure. There is usually no need for pain medication, and recovery takes up to 10 days. The surgery itself usually takes 90 to 120 minutes, and the final results can be assessed after 12 months, after the nose has completely recovered.
Is rhinoplasty safe?
Only healthy individuals can undergo rhinoplasty surgery. Before it is performed, the patient is required to undergo detailed tests: urine, blood count, blood group determination, clotting index, electrolytes, glucose levels, as well as ECG. If the results turn out to be abnormal, the operation will not be carried out. This means that you should not fear for your safety when opting for rhinoplasty. It should be noted that the operation is performed only when the nose has reached its mature shape. Most often this occurs after the age of 18. It is up to the doctor to decide whether to perform rhinoplasty in younger patients, for example, due to medical indications or the result of injury.
Rhinoplasty – contraindications.
One of the contraindications for rhinoplasty is pregnancy. It is also not performed in patients with vascular blemishes, purulent infections of the skin and mucous membranes, and coagulation disorders. In addition, rhinoplasty is not considered for people with unregulated diabetes, heart disease or hypertension.
Source: https://www.drszczyt.pl/blog/rynoplastyka-usuniecie-wady-badz-znieksztalcenia-nosa | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Sarah Bernhardt, par Nadar
Sarah Bernhardt, par Nadar
Voting period ends on 16 Jun 2014 at 08:41:01 (UTC)
* Reason:150 old picture of a famous personality, by a famous photographer. Already FP on Commons.
* Articles in which this image appears:Sarah Bernhardt, Nadar (photographer)
* FP category for this image:Featured_pictures/People
* Creator:picture by Nadar (1820-1910), uploaded, restored and nominated by Yann
* Support as nominator – Yann (talk) 08:41, 6 June 2014 (UTC)
* Comment Gorgeous, but there's a few long horizontal scratches that could be removed as well, a little damage in the background, and a couple specks on her face. Tiny bit more work with the healing brush, and this is ready to go. =) If you want help, just ask. Adam Cuerden (talk) 09:59, 6 June 2014 (UTC)
* Agree. This essentially has my support, but a little bit of flyspecking would be best. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 10:37, 6 June 2014 (UTC)
* @Adam Cuerden: Could you please add a note at what do you think should be done? Thanks, Yann (talk) 08:11, 7 June 2014 (UTC)
* There's what looks like a water stain in her hair near the tip of her nose, for starters, and Adam's pointed out a bit of damage already. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 09:42, 7 June 2014 (UTC)
* I've marked some of it, hopefully enough to give you an idea? Adam Cuerden (talk) 10:29, 7 June 2014 (UTC)
--Armbrust The Homunculus 10:19, 16 June 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
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chimo 1712f5ee09 readme: Fix screenshots, update instructions 8 months ago
css Make JS fetch PHP generated HTML 6 years ago
images Add files to repo 6 years ago
js Don't run JS if shift or ctrl is pressed on click 6 years ago
EmbedNoticePlugin.php Fix version number 5 years ago
LICENSE Add license 10 months ago
README.md readme: Fix screenshots, update instructions 8 months ago
embed.php Keeping up with upstream HTML changes 4 years ago
README.md
gs-embedNotice
GNU social plugin that adds an icon to each notice.
Clicking the icon allows visitors to get the necessary HTML to embed a notice on a webpage.
Screenshots
The extra icons on the timeline:
Timeline icons
The dialog with the HTML code to copy/paste:
Generated HTML
Installation
1. Navigate to your /local/plugins directory (create it if it doesn’t exist)
2. git clone https://github.com/chimo/gs-embedNotice.git EmbedNotice
3. Tell /config.php to use it with: addPlugin('EmbedNotice');
The embed icon should appear in each notice. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
4 breathing techniques to combat stress
Admin@ | April 16, 2019 | 0 | Health
Long hours at work? Sleeping badly lately? The accelerated pace of our modern lives has many suffering stress and anxiety without always knowing how to handle it. But you do not need days in the spa, massages or a return to the Retiro to let off steam. Learn these 4 simple breathing techniques for anxiety relief.
The practice of controlling the breath to calm the mind and relax the body is not new. The yogis and monks have been practicing it for hundreds of years, and every day psychologists use it more in their consultations. It helps reduce blood pressure, promotes a state of calm and lucidity, and many reduce stress in less than 10 minutes. Besides, is not there anything easier than breathing? You have to think. Not so fast, these techniques require practice and discipline, but if you persevere, you can control those moments of stress and even combat anxiety attacks.
Square respiration
The simplest of all. Choose a posture in which you feel at ease (you can be sitting in the office, on the couch at home, and even lying in your bed). Inhale, counting to four, and exhale, counting to four. Always by the nose. Square breathing increases concentration, relaxes the nervous system and reduces stress. It is also particularly useful at bedtime. As you progress, try to inhale and exhale counting to six, eight or 10.
Abdominal breathing
The goal here is to inflate the diaphragm, not the chest. With one hand on the chest and the other on the belly, we take a deep breath through the nose, feeling our belly grow and our lungs stretch. Do six to 10 slow, deep breaths for 10 minutes every day.
Progressive muscle relaxation
It is used to reduce the tension in the whole body. Keeping deep and slow breathing, we start by inhaling through the nose counting to five while tensing our feet, and exhale through the mouth counting up to five relaxing. We repeat for each muscle group: knees, thighs, glutes, chest, arms, hands and fingers, neck and jaw and eyes.
Alternative respiration
In a relaxing position, we put our right thumb over the right nostril and our index over the left nostril. We inhale through the left nostril pressing with our thumb, and let go and exhale through the right nostril pressing with the index finger. It is the only technique that is not recommended before sleep, as it is considered to balance the body and lift the mind.
Related Posts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:How to Get Strong (1899).pdf/564
and ready purse of John Lowell, Jr., has so provided Boston for nearly sixty years; he will own a warm place in the hearts of a vast multitude of his fellow-countrymen; and will do inestimable good.
"Many are the friends of the golden tongue"; and all enjoy hearing men talk who know what they are talking about, and have learned how to tell it; and by a little thoughtful provision, not only on his part, but by a few men and women who have their city's welfare at heart—in each city—our whole land could, ere long, sit at the feet of the best teachers in their various chosen fields; and could have the never-to-be-forgotten delight of drinking at the fountain-head—while the expense to the donors would never be felt. The ablest professors in all our colleges and universities—provided they know how to talk—could thus edify and benefit, not a mere handful, as now,—but a nation, and so multiply their influence and the good they are now doing a hundredfold; and the press would be their great ally in the work. Indeed, thanks largely to the efforts of one live newspaper—the World—New York has to-day lectures | WIKI |
The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages, Gold being the first and the one during which the Golden Race of humanity lived.
Those living in the first Age were ruled by Kronos, after the finish of the first age was the Silver, then the Bronze, after this the Heroic age, with the fifth and current age being Iron. With the exception of the Heroic Age, each succeeding Age was worse than the one that went before.
Golden Age denotes a period of primordial peace, harmony, stability, and prosperity. During this age peace and harmony prevailed, people did not have to work to feed themselves, for the Earth provided food in abundance. They lived to a very old age with a youthful appearance, eventually dying peacefully, with spirits living on as guardians.
Humanity lived like gods without sorrow of heart, remote and free from toil and grief: miserable age rested not on them; but with legs and arms never failing they made merry with feasting beyond the reach of all devils.
When they died, it was as though they were overcome with sleep, and they had all good things; for the fruitful Earth unforced bare them fruit abundantly and without stint. They dwelt in ease and peace. | FINEWEB-EDU |
DUALabs
DUALabs (National Data Use and Access Laboratories) was the name of an American company that created and disseminated microdata and aggregate data files for the 1960 and 1970 censuses.
Overview
The DUALabs 1960 census microdata file was noteworthy because it was designed to compatible with data from the 1970 census, allowing easy analysis of economic and demographic change between 1960 and 1970. The compatible DUALabs microdata inspired the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series which provides compatible census microdata for the period since 1850.
DUALabs used a proprietary compression algorithm to compress the 1960 and 1970 census data under NSF grant 7249358 to the Center for Research Libraries. DUALabs also received funding for the project from the Ford Foundation and NICHD (Contract 72-2707). This algorithm made wide dissemination of massive census files feasible for the first time. After DUALabs declared bankruptcy in the early 1980s, however, some data became inaccessible because the decompression software was not generally available to researchers. All DUALabs census data are now recovered, however, and are available through the National Historical Geographic Information System and the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.
The company was headed by former Census Bureau employee Jack Beresford (1931–1996), who had worked on the compilation of the 1960 census, and the company headquarters was in Rosslyn, Virginia.
Other persons associated with this project were Gary Hill who was an employee of DUALabs and subsequently an employee of Donnelly Marketing (Stamford, CT) and CACA in Rosslyn, VA. Also, private sector organizations were members of DUALabs and Spindletop Research, Inc., Lexingon, Kentucky was a member. William (Bill) Davenall, retired, Esri of Redlands, California as their Global Manager of Health and Human Services) and was a professional researcher employed at Spindletop Research (a 501(c)3 associated with the University of Kentucky and the Commonwealth of Kentucky at the inception of DualLabs. (4)2012 | WIKI |
Page:Satyagraha in South Africa.pdf/180
the Government commits a breach of faith and fails to redeem its promise to repeal the Act. Could we not then resort to Satyagraha? If we refused to show at the proper time the certificates of registration we take out, our registration would count for nothing, and Government could not distinguish between ourselves and the Indians who might enter the Transvaal surreptitiously. Therefore, whether there is or there is not any law in force, the Government cannot exercise control over us without our co-operation. The existence of a law means, that if we refuse to accept the restriction sought to be imposed through it by the Government, we are liable to punishment, and generally it so happens, that the fear of punishment leads men to submit to the restriction. But a Satyagrahi differs from the generality of men in this, that if he submits to a restriction, he submits voluntarily, not because he is afraid of punishment, but because he thinks that such submission is essential to the common weal. And such is precisely our position regarding registration, which cannot be affected by any breach of faith, however flagrant, on the part of the Government. We are the creators of this position of ours, and we alone can change it. We are fearless and free, so long as we have the weapon of Satyagraha in our hands. And if any thinks that the community may not be as strong afterwards as it is today, I should say that he is not a Satyagrahi nor has he any understanding of Satyagraha. That would mean that the present strength of the community is not real strength but is in the nature of a momentary effervescence or intoxication, and if that is so, we do not deserve to win, and the fruits of victory will slip out of our hands even if we win. Suppose the Government first abrogates the Act and we then register voluntarily. Suppose further that the Government afterwards enacts the same obnoxious law and compels the Indians to register. What can then prevent the Government from pursuing such a course of action? And if we are doubtful about our strength today, then too shall we be in an equally bad case. From whatever standpoint, therefore, we examine | WIKI |
Ray Goff
Ray Goff (born July 10, 1955) is an American former college football player and coach. He served as the head coach at the University of Georgia from 1989 to 1995, compiling a record of 46–34–1.
Playing career
Goff attended the University of Georgia, where he played quarterback from 1974–1976, leading the team to 19 wins over his final two seasons under coach Vince Dooley. As a player, he was named Southeastern Conference player of the year in 1976 when the team he captained won the SEC title. He was a three-year letterman at Georgia.
Coaching career
Goff served as an assistant coach for the South Carolina Gamecocks before returning to Georgia as an assistant in 1981. While an assistant at Georgia from 1981 to 1988, he held the positions of recruiting coordinator, tight ends coach, and running backs coach, and earned a reputation as an excellent recruiter. When Dooley, the winningest coach in Georgia history, retired after the 1988 season, Goff — then a 33-year-old running backs coach — was the surprise choice to succeed him.
Head coaching career
Goff's tenure got off to a slow start, with just ten wins in his first two seasons, before reeling off nine wins in 1991 and ten in 1992; the latter campaign finished with Georgia ranked eighth by the Coaches Poll. Over the next three years, Goff's teams never again posted as many as seven wins, and he was fired in 1995. His teams only made brief appearances in the Coaches Poll in 1993, 1994 and 1995, reaching #13 in the 1993 preseason polls. Goff's 1995 team was on the receiving end of Steve Spurrier's "Half a Hundred Between the Hedges" game in which his Florida Gators team put up 52 points on the beleaguered Bulldogs. They were the first team to do so inside Sanford Stadium. Spurrier, known for his colorful comments about other coaches, subsequently referred to Goff as "Ray Goof." This would prove to be one of the final straws in Goff's tenure at Georgia. He was fired at the end of the year having acquired a 6–6 record. | WIKI |
import-from-json-file
Description
import-from-json-file adaptor imports data from a file in JSON format.
You can use the filter parameter to slice, filter, map and transform structured data. This adaptor imports the JSON file into Data-flo to make it available to other adaptors for processing.
Inputs
json Type: file Required: Yes A file in JSON format.
filter Type: text Required: No An optional JQ filter.
Outputs
data Type: datatable Data read from the file.
Examples
Example 1: Default behaviour.
Inputs:
json: person.json
filter: null (empty)
Outputs:
data:
{
"user": "Alice",
"age": 30,
"email": "alice@example.com",
"city": "New York"
}
-> Imported the json file person.json into Data-flo.
Example 2: Import json file and apply a filter on it.
Inputs:
json: person.json
filter: {name, email}
Outputs:
data:
{
"user": "Alice",
"email": "alice@example.com"
}
-> Filtered the json data to only get the name and email from the json file.
Use Cases
Enables users to import files in JSON format for further processing and transformation in Data-flo
Last updated | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Roozegar-e Gharib
Roozegar-e Gharib (, literally "Gharib's Story") is an Iranian TV series about Dr. Mohammad Gharib, the father of Pediatrics in Iran directed by Kianoush Ayari.
Story
Ayyari wrote the script and the film reveals the story of Dr. Gharib's life from his childhood to the death. It also deals with History of Iran during 1905–1975.
Properties
Filming began at the end of 2002 and ended in the fall of 2007.
* Time: 36 episodes, each episode 60 minutes approximately.
First role performers
Five actors act in the role of Dr. Gharib from his childhood to the elderness. Parham Karami, Kaveh Ahangar, Shahab Kasraie, Naser Hashemi, and Mehdi Hashemi act in the first role of the Series.
Cast and crews
* Mehdi Hashemi: Old Dr. Gharib
* Naser Hashemi: Adult Dr. Gharib
* Shahab Kasraei: Young Dr. Gharib
* Kaveh Ahangar: Dr. Gharib at the age of 12
* Parham Karami: Dr. Gharib at the age of 7
* Mehran Rajabi: Dr. Gharib's father
* Afarin Obeysi: Dr. Gharib's wife
* Hossein Panahi: Lotf-Ali
* Reza Kianian: Ayatollah Firoozabadi
* Farahnaz Manafi Zaher: Dr. Gharib's Mother
* Reza Babak: Mehdi Bazargan
* Amir Hossein Seddigh: Seyyed Ahmad Tabib
* Saba Kamali: Seyyed Ahmad Tabib's wife
* Reza Fayazi: Dr.Fotohi
* Afshin Sangchap:Uncle Dr. Gharib
* Maryam Soltani: Afrashteh (Mother of Shaden) | WIKI |
Sal DeRosa
Salvatore "Sal" DeRosa (August 10, 1931 – March 2, 2014) was a naturalized American soccer coach best known for winning the 1970 North American Soccer League Championship with Rochester Lancers.
DeRosa competed professionally in Naples, Italy until a knee injury ended his playing days. Before settling in the United States in 1967, he had previously coached the Italian Army team and also served as an assistant for Italy's Olympic squad. Once in America, he served as coach, general manager and owner of the Syracuse Scorpions of the American Soccer League. In 1969, he guided the Scorpions to a tie at the top of the Northern Division and won a one match playoff for the division crown over Rochester, before losing to the Washington Darts in the ASL finals.
He took over as coach the Lancers (who had since moved to the NASL) midway through the 1970 season, bringing five of the Scorpions’ top players along with him, including midfielder Frank Odoi and goalie Claude Campos. Over the final thirteen games of the season, he guided the Lancers to a mark of 6-4-3 and into the NASL title series, defeating those same Washington Darts (who had also jumped leagues) by a two-match aggregate of 4–3. He also won the 1970 NASL Coach of the Year award. In 1971 the Lancers won the NASL regular season title under him, but lost in a grueling semi-final series to eventual champion Dallas. That year the Lancers also were awarded the NASL Governor's Cup, given to the squad with best record against foreign teams. This was in large part due to their 4th-place finish in the 1971 CONCACAF Champions' Cup, where they finished 4-1-2 (and +4 on goal dif) in all matches.
DeRosa went on to coach the Miami Gatos (formerly the Washington Darts) in 1972, before returning to Rochester to coach the Lancers for one more season. Several years later, Sal also served as vice-president and general manager of the Buffalo Stallions of the Major Indoor Soccer League and as their coach from 1979 to 1980. In 1977, he was named to the Rochester Lancers Team of the Decade. He founded the Buffalo Storm of the United Soccer League in 1984 and has served as special consultant and president of the citizens advisory committee for the Buffalo Blizzard of the NPSL in the 1990s. After leaving professional soccer altogether, he helped develop youth soccer clinics in the Buffalo area throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
He died at a nursing home on March 2, 2014. | WIKI |
Site Tools
RhinoMobile - HelloRhinoMobile
Overview | Get Started | HelloRhinoMobile | Your Project | Simulators | Devices | Profiling | Notes
This page presumes you have gone through the Get Started page and have successfully installed Xamarin Studio, Xcode, and all the requisite libraries. If you're ready, let's get the HelloRhino app building on both iOS and Android. Then we can look at how all the pieces fit together to share code between the platforms.
Mac OS X step-by-step instructions
1. Launch Xamarin Studio and open the HelloRhinoMobile solution.
2. Add your Apple Developer account to Xamarin Studio's preferences. You can access the Developer Account settings page by navigating to Xamarin Studio > Preferences > Developer Accounts. You will have to register as a developer with Apple if you haven't done so already.
3. Right-click the HelloRhino.Touch project and select Set As Startup Project from the drop-down menu. This makes HelloRhino.Touch the active project for the build. (HelloRhino.Touch is the iOS target project. The .Touch suffix is a naming convention from Mono that conjures CocoaTouch - the iOS library. It is also a convention that avoids namespace collisions).
4. Verify that the build is set to Debug and the device to iOS Simulator > iPhone iOS 7. Click the Play/Run button.
5. Start an Xamarin Trial. The Xamarin Starter edition allows you to unlock a 30-day trial of the full Business Edition, which is necessary for building and using RhinoMobile. You will need to create an Xamarin Account. If you are unable to start a trial after creating an account, don't worry, Xamarin Studio will prompt you to when you try to build RhinoMobile projects. You may need to clean the project, and build again if you still get errors concerning the eval edition.
6. Exit and restart Xamarin Studio.
7. From the Xamarin Studio Home Screen, reopen HelloRhinoMobile solution.
8. Verify that Xamarin Studio's full edition is activated. Navigate to Xamarin Studio > About Xamarin Studio > Show Details. Scroll down and make sure the Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android are set to Trial Edition.
9. Close the About Xamarin Studio window.
10. Click the Play/Run button again. This time the Build should succeed without errors. (Note: The first time you build RhinoMobile.Touch, the libopennurbs library must be compiled. Subsequent builds will be much, much faster). After uploading the app bundle to the Simulator, you should see the following:
11. When you are done playing around with the HelloRhino example on the iOS Simulator, click the Stop button in Xamarin Studio to stop the Debug session.
12. Now let's build and run the Android version. Right-click the HelloRhino.Droid project and select Set As Startup Project from the drop-down menu. As expected, this makes the Android project the default project for the build. (Much like .Touch, .Droid is a Mono naming convention that avoids namespace collisions and denotes the Android target project)…
13. Verify that the build is set to Debug. The time, the device selection drop-down should be disabled. This is because you don't have an Emulator setup, so let's do that now.
14. Click the Play/Run button to start the HelloRhino.Droid debug build. (Note: The first time you build RhinoMobile.Droid, the libopennurbs library must be compiled…this can take up to 20 minutes. Subsequent builds will be much, much faster).
15. The Select Device window should appear. This is the window where you tell the Android SDK which emulator or device you would like to use for testing. None of the defaults will do, so let's create a faster emulator…
16. Click the Create Emulator button.
17. The Android Virtual Device Manager should launch. This is part of the Android SDK and will be familiar to you if you have done any Android development before. This is where you define your Android Virtual Devices (AVDs) that run in the Emulator.
18. Highlight each of the existing AVDs and click the Delete… button. These AVDs are much too slow for development.
19. To create a new AVD: Click the New… button. The Create new Android Virtual Device (AVD) window appears. Create a new AVD with the following parameters. AVD Name: Nexus7-API17-IntelHAXM; Device: Nexus 7; Target: Android 4.2.2 - API Level 17; CPU/ABI: Intel Atom (x86); Front Camera: Webcam0; VM Heap: 64 Emulation Options: Use Host GPU enabled.
20. You should see your new AVD in the list. You have just created your first AVD. More information on creating Emulators is in the Android documentation. You can create as many as you need. Tips on using the Emulator are in the Simulators & Emulators page. For now, quit the Android Virtual Device Manager and return to Xamarin Studio.
21. You should see the Select Device window again, this time with your new AVD in the list. Highlight the AVD and click the Start Emulator button. If all went well, after a brief startup period (take our word for it, it's much quicker than the standard emulators) you should see Android boot. It may take extra time to launch the first time and we highly recommend that you leave this window open during your development session. Once Android boots, you are ready to go…You just need to unlock the device by sliding the lock to the right.
22. Do not close the Android Emulator. Switch back to Xamarin Studio. In the Select Device window, if the not started label has not already disappeared, click the Refresh button. Once you see the AVD in black, selectable type-face, you know that Xamarin Studio is ready to launch the app on the Emulator. Highlight the AVD and click OK.
23. If all goes well, much like on iOS, you should see the following:
24. When you are done playing around with the HelloRhino.Droid build, click the Stop button back in Xamarin Studio to stop the debug session. Congrats! You've built a RhinoMobile app for two platforms…with (mostly) the same, shared code…
Windows 8.1 step-by-step instructions
:!: Warning: This section is a work-in-progress: Information may be missing or incomplete.
1. Launch Visual Studio and open the HelloRhinoMobile solution. (These instructions presume you are using Visual Studio 2013 Professional.)
2. Right-click the HelloRhino.Droid project and select Set As StartUp Project from the drop-down menu. This makes HelloRhino.Droid the active project for the build. (HelloRhino.Droid is the Android target project. The .Droid suffix is a naming convention from Mono that avoids namespace collisions with the main Android libraries.)
3. Open the Android Emulator Manager: Navigate to Tools > Open Android Emulator Manager. The window Android Virtual Device (AVD) Manager should appear. This is part of the Android SDK and will be familiar to you if you have done any Android development before. This is where you define your Android Virtual Devices (AVDs) that run in the Emulator.
4. The default AVDs are much too slow for development. Highlight each of the existing AVDs and click the Delete button.
5. To create a new AVD: Click the Create button. The Create new Android Virtual Device (AVD) window appears. Create a new AVD with the following parameters. AVD Name: Nexus7-API17; Device: Nexus 7 (7.02“, 1200 x 1920:xhdpi); Target: Android 4.3 - API Level 18; CPU/ABI: Intel Atom (x86); Skin: Skin with dynamic hardware controls; Front Camera: Webcam0; VM Heap: 64 Emulation Options: Use Host GPU enabled
6. You should see your new AVD in the list. You have just created your first AVD. More information on creating Emulators can be found in the Android documentation. You can create as many as you need. Tips on using the Emulator can be found in the Simulators & Emulators page.
7. Close the AVD Manager. Switch back to Visual Studio.
8. Click the Info button in the Xamarin.Android Toolbar.
9. This brings up the Android Device Logging window. Click the Change Device button
10. This brings up the Select Device window, listing all running devices (emulators and physical devices). Click the Start emulator image button.
11. This brings up the same list of available AVD images that you saw in the Android Virtual Device (AVD) Manager window. Select the Nexus7-API18 AVD that you just created above. Click OK.
12. If all went well, after a brief startup period (take our word for it, it's much quicker than the standard emulators) you should see Android boot. It may take extra time to launch the first time and we recommend that you leave this window open during your development session. Once Android boots, you are ready to go…You just need to unlock the device by sliding the lock to the right. We are now ready to send the app to the emulator.
13. In the Solution Explorer, right-click the HelloRhino.Droid project, and select Deploy. HelloRhino.Droid will build, along with its dependency, RhinoMobile.Droid. (Note: The first time you build RhinoMobile.Droid, the libopennurbs library must be compiled…This can take up to 20 minutes. Subsequent builds will be much, much faster).
14. Once the app has been deployed to the running emulator, you can run the app. In Visual Studio, click the Start button. If all goes well, you should see something like this…
developer/rhinomobile/hellorhinomobile.txt · Last modified: 2015/12/28 by sandy | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
/* Unix SMB/CIFS implementation. Copyright (C) 2001 by Martin Pool This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ #include "includes.h" /** * @file dynconfig.c * * @brief Global configurations, initialized to configured defaults. * * This file should be the only file that depends on path * configuration (--prefix, etc), so that if ./configure is re-run, * all programs will be appropriately updated. Everything else in * Samba should import extern variables from here, rather than relying * on preprocessor macros. * * Eventually some of these may become even more variable, so that * they can for example consistently be set across the whole of Samba * by command-line parameters, config file entries, or environment * variables. * * @todo Perhaps eventually these should be merged into the parameter * table? There's kind of a chicken-and-egg situation there... **/ char const *dyn_SBINDIR = SBINDIR, *dyn_BINDIR = BINDIR, *dyn_SWATDIR = SWATDIR; pstring dyn_CONFIGFILE = CONFIGFILE; /**< Location of smb.conf file. **/ /** Log file directory. **/ pstring dyn_LOGFILEBASE = LOGFILEBASE; /** Statically configured LanMan hosts. **/ pstring dyn_LMHOSTSFILE = LMHOSTSFILE; /** * @brief Samba library directory. * * @sa lib_path() to get the path to a file inside the LIBDIR. **/ pstring dyn_LIBDIR = LIBDIR; /** * @brief Directory holding lock files. * * Not writable, but used to set a default in the parameter table. **/ const pstring dyn_LOCKDIR = LOCKDIR; const pstring dyn_DRIVERFILE = DRIVERFILE; const pstring dyn_SMB_PASSWD_FILE = SMB_PASSWD_FILE; const pstring dyn_PRIVATE_DIR = PRIVATE_DIR; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Republic by Plato.djvu/433
Rh told one another of what had happened by the way, those from below weeping and sorrowing at the remembrance of the things which they had endured and seen in their journey beneath the earth (now the journey lasted a thousand years), while those from above were describing heavenly delights and visions of inconceivable beauty. The story, Glaucon, would take too long to tell; but the sum was this: He said that for every wrong which they had done to anyone they suffered tenfold; or once in a hundred years—such being reckoned to be the length of man’s life, and the penalty being thus paid ten times in a thousand years. If, for example, there were any who had been the cause of many deaths, or had betrayed or enslaved cities or armies, or been guilty of any other evil behavior, for each and all of their offences they received punishment ten times over, and the rewards of beneficence and justice and holiness were in the same proportion. I need hardly repeat what he said concerning young children dying almost as soon as they were born. Of piety and impiety to gods and parents, and of murderers, there were retributions other and greater far which he described. He mentioned that he was present when one of the spirits asked another, “Where is Ardiæus the Great?” (Now this Ardiæus lived a thousand years before the time of Er: he had been the tyrant of some city of Pamphylia, and had murdered his aged father and his elder brother, and was said to have committed many other abominable crimes.) The answer of the other spirit was: “He comes not hither, and will never come.” And this, said he, was one of the dreadful sights which we ourselves witnessed. We were at the mouth of the cavern, and, having completed all our experiences, were about to reascend, when of a sudden Ardiæus appeared and several others, most of whom were tyrants; and there were also, besides the tyrants, private individuals who had been great criminals: they were just, as they fancied, about to return into the upper world, but the mouth, instead of admitting them, gave a roar, whenever any of these incurable sinners or someone who had not been sufficiently punished tried to ascend; and then wild men of fiery aspect, who were standing by and heard the sound, seized and carried them off; and Ardiæus and others they bound head and foot and hand, and threw them down and | WIKI |
Effect of pre-soaking substrate and light availability on seed germination and seedling establishment of Dracaena draco (L.) L., a threatened species
Abstract:
The Dragon tree, Dracaena draco (L.) L., is an extremely threatened species. Its natural regeneration is disturbed and population appears to decrease rapidly. To design appropriate germination and seedling establishment protocols for a species conservation and restoration program, we studied the effects of pre-soaking, substrate and light availability treatment on seed germination for 15-day period. The condition for light availability corresponded to the sowing depth (at surface or at 2 cm depth). Germination occurred better in the dark when seeds were sown at 2 cm depth. Our results showed that D. draco seeds sown in the sand under dark condition and after 24 hours pre-soaking in warm water germinated better and recorded 82.5% of final germination percentage (FGP). However, seedlings grew better in potting soil and recorded 54 mm of length. The maximum FGP of 51.3% was recorded under light condition. These results indicate that sowing depth and light availability could be a limiting factor for D. draco seed germination in natural condition. Furthermore, the establishment of D. draco seedlings (shoot and root length) during an 8-week period in pots was also assessed and illustrated. More research on seed ecophysiology is required to understand the mechanisms controlling seed germination of D. draco in arid and semi-arid conditions viz. salinity and drought.
Publisher's Version | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
German minister pushing to resolve trade disputes with U.S.
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - German Economy Minister Peter Altmaier on Thursday said he sees a 50-50 chance of averting U.S. auto tariffs, and that it will likely take weeks or months to resolve at least some of the thorny trade disputes clouding U.S.-European relations. Altmaier told reporters he had a constructive meeting with U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, and both sides agreed it was important to work out their differences over a range of issues, including aircraft subsidies, car imports and the Russian-led Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. “We agreed that we must work on a solution,” Altmaier said. “We may perhaps have a chance to come to solutions in the coming weeks, clearly before the end of the year.” Altmaier said his top priorities were averting U.S. tariffs on European cars imported into the United States, and resolving a 15-year-old row over government subsidies to U.S. planemaker Boeing (BA.N) and Europe’s Airbus. He said German carmakers already build many cars in the United States, and German firms have created over 700,000 jobs in the United States, but they were reluctant to invest more given the uncertainties caused by the current trade tensions. “Both sides have an interest in avoiding an escalation and finding reasonable solutions that can create a win-win situation,” he said. “We need reliability and the ability to plan, because only then will German firms be ready to invest in the United States to be able to supply world markets.” Asked how he viewed the chances of averting a 25% tariff on auto imports from Europe, Altmaier said, “I think we have a 50-50 chance. We will be able to avoid punitive tariffs if we can find reasonable, viable solutions that are in the interest of both sides.” Altmaier said he and Lighthizer also discussed a longstanding dispute over government subsidies to Boeing and Airbus, but said he could not predict if a settlement could be reached. On Wednesday, Altmaier had said he would be in favor of eliminating all government subsidies for aircraft production. The WTO has found that both Boeing and Airbus (AIR.PA), the world's two largest planemakers, have received billions of dollars of harmful or illegal government subsidies here to gain advantage in the global market. The United States and EU have each threatened to impose billions of dollars of tit-for-tat tariffs, with Washington first in line to seek tariffs under the WTO timetable. The WTO arbitrator is due to decide as early as next week how much of the $11.2 billion in tariffs proposed by Washington can be applied. Altmaier said the WTO was expected to rule several months later on possible EU tariffs. The EU this month said it was open to talks with Washington in the dispute, but no formal talks have begun, according to sources familiar with the issue. “I hope that we can solve the problems between Airbus and Boeing so that we don’t see a repeat of what’s happened in the coming 10 to 15 years,” he said. But he cautioned against expecting any instant solutions on the aircraft subsidies, or the other disagreements between the United States and Europe. “We have a lot of work to do and it will certainly take several weeks and months before we have any concrete results,” he said. Reporting by Andrea Shalal in Washington; writing by Susan Heavey and Andrea Shalal; Editing by Nick Zieminski, Chris Reese and James Dalgleish | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Q:
How Do You Install a Motorcycle Throttle Cable?
A:
Quick Answer
To install a motorcycle throttle cable, remove the nut that holds the throttle cable to the handlebar's cable assembly, remove the old throttle cable in its entirety, and then place the new cable onto the motorcycle in the same fashion as the old one was removed. This task requires simple tools, including a ratchet.
Continue Reading
Full Answer
1. Secure the motorcycle
Place the motorcycle in an area that is easily visible. Turn the handlebars in a way that offers the most slack in the throttle cable.
2. Remove the old throttle cable
Begin by removing the nut that holds the throttle cable to the cable assembly on the handlebar. This is easily completed using a ratchet. Open the housing, and remove the cable through the threading. Complete this step by removing the nut at the housing near the engine.
3. Install the new cable
Begin by attaching the new cable to the housing near the engine and securing it with the nut that was just removed. Feed the cable through all the threads up the frame of the motorcycle until it needs to be connected to the handlebar housing. Connect it to the handlebar housing, and secure the housing with the nut. There should be the same amount of slack in the new cable as there was in the old one.
Learn more about Vehicles
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For his debut as artistic director of Schiaparelli, Daniel Roseberry offers a vision all his own.
The Designer Ushering a Couture House Into a Brave New Era
SCHIAPARELLI. THE NAME alone conjures images of absurd beauty: lobsters as dresses, a shoe as a hat, a particularly blinding shade of pink — and, of course, the fearless Italian modernist herself, Elsa Schiaparelli, who fled her conservative Italian family and con man of a husband to become one of fashion’s great iconoclasts. And so it’s only fitting that, for his debut as artistic director at the house, founded in 1927, Daniel Roseberry began with an origin story of his own. On the first day of the Paris couture shows this past July, the handsome 33-year-old sat down at a drafting table positioned in the middle of the runway inside the Pavillon Cambon, on a set meant to resemble the unheated Chinatown studio in New York where he created his first set of drawings for the brand last December. As the designer picked up his pencil, the lights went up and the models appeared, his sketches coming to life. There were no lip brooches or skeleton dresses; none of the totems Elsa made famous. Instead, Roseberry put forth his own proposal for fearlessness and surrealism, a celebration of both material craftsmanship and the female form. There were wild takes on suiting — a long navy captain’s coat trimmed at the sleeves and bias in flat gold leather bands resembling ruffled military ribbons worn over a delicate black-and-white lace bodysuit; a sharp barathea tuxedo jacket with 117 dangling crystal tassels, each affixed to the garment with a single scarlet-lacquered acrylic fingernail — and fantastical evening looks, some with bedazzled breast cups in ruby, diamond and sapphire hues that appeared to float on their own above heavy raw silk tulip skirts in chalky blue, sunflower yellow or acid green. For the finale, two gowns — one sheet white, the other a wild rose pink — pushed the idea of illusion further still, with supple silk taffeta that billowed out and above the models as if a gust of Marilyn Monroe-style wind had blown these confections toward the heavens and frozen them in that moment. Here, as in the original house of Schiaparelli, there was no place for self-doubt. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Kubanochoerus
Kubanochoerus is an extinct genus of large, long-legged suid artiodactyl mammal from the Miocene of Eurasia and Africa.
Taxonomy
The genera Libycochoerus and Megalochoerus were once assigned to Kubanochoerus but are now considered distinct based on dental and minor cranial details. The putative paraceratheriid genus Caucasotherium, described from the Caucasus on the basis of a bone fragment with four incisors, is actually a synonym of the Middle Miocene Kubanochoerus gigas.
Description
The largest species, the aptly named K. gigas, grew to be around 1 m at the shoulder, and probably weighed up to 500 kg in life. The heads of these pigs were unmistakable, with small eyebrow horns, and a large horn emanating from the forehead of the males. It is speculated that the males used their forehead horns for jousting with each other. | WIKI |
Talk:Grand Theft Auto IV/Archive 15
No longer number 1.
Gamerankings shows that Zelda has reclaimed the number 1 spot. Somebody should change the article.Zabbethx (talk) 12:17, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
* Discussed not long ago, besides I fixed it some weeks ago, someone have apparently (incorrectly) inserted it into the article again. --Svippong 21:26, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
* All the article needs to say is that it was #1 on Game Rankings upon release. We don't need to keep updating it's current rank overall on the site, which is bound to change. --Pixelface (talk) 22:34, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
How about not mentioning at all, you know, like previous GameRanking/MetaCritic champs? All of those games I've mentioned in the edit comment were at the top at one point but slipped behind Ocarina of Time. GTAIV is not different, gives the impression that the game is still number one just by the way the sentence is worded, is not until the end of the sentence that it's stated that it was at one point. (short after release). --HeaveTheClay (talk) 20:58, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
* I've added a sentence to clarify. xenocidic ( talk ¿ listen ) 21:03, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
Any news on the PC version?
While I have a personal interest in the answer :-), the article could do with a mention of this, even if it's just "Rockstar has made no reference to a PC version being forthcoming". --Jcmo (talk) 18:41, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
* Have you got a source stating they have made no reference to it? John Hayestalk 14:04, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
Patience is the answer. --SkyWalker (talk) 06:15, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
Xbox360 Freezing Issues
The Xbox360 version still has not been patched to resolve freezing issues. There is a rather large (63+ page) thread on the official Xbox forums regarding this: http://forums.xbox.com/63/20524533/ShowPost.aspx#20524533
The thread is still quit active. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:35, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
360 DLC
In the article it says August 08 for the first one. Kotaku says according to Take-Two CEO Ben Feder, it will be Q1, 2009. . Is this a good enough source for this, or is a direct quote from Take-Two/Rockstar needed? Frvernchanezzz (talk) 04:14, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
* I changed it before I read your message. I've used a different source but Kotaku is a generally reliable source. WP:VG/S has a list of which Video Game sources are considered reliable. - X201 (talk) 10:32, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
The Onion article
Is this worth including in the article? If not, take a read anyway, it's pretty good. Neıl 龱 13:27, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
* I don't think so. Maybe if there is a "GTA in popular culture" article, but not the main article imo. xenocidic (talk) 13:28, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
Updates on 10/10 scores
Is it worth mentionng thatwhilst, initially, the games was given very high scores and many 10/10's, current views seem to rate it much lower? Should the article discus the 'hype' factor? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:23, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
* Current views by who exaclly? If its off forums, they aren't credible. Unless reviewers have re-rated this game lower (which they haven't from what I've seen) what are you implying? Stabby Joe (talk) 11:42, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
* How about the fact that it's no longer the "highest rated game of all time"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:39, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
* Thats because new reviews came in... happens with many highly praised games. Happened to Super Mario Galaxy, The Orange Box, BioShock, Resident Evil 4 etc etc... It has nothing to do with critics "changing their minds" which it appears you are implying. Seriously, if Zelda: OoT had the same amount of reviews has most games do now, thing would be different. Stabby Joe (talk) 12:47, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
Reviews
I think you should add X-Play's score which was a 5/5 for both systems! Thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:21, 17 June 2008 (UTC)
PC Version Release
Are there are any sources for this release? I know it's confirmed, but if it's there there should be source. Gaara the Fifth Kazekage (talk) 03:26, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
* How do you know it's confirmed? Oo --SoWhy Talk 16:45, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
Eh I didn't express myself right. Anyways, at least now it's gone and things are clearer. Gaara the Fifth Kazekage (talk) 04:52, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
The article doesn't even refer to a possible PC version. That's just wrong. http://news.softpedia.com/news/GTA-IV-for-PC-Release-Date-Leaked-84459.shtml Nikos (talk) 16:38, 6 July 2008 (UTC)
* No, Its factually accurate. A PC version of GTA IV has not been announced. A shop website taking pre-orders with a mocked up case just doesn't cut the mustard as regards being a reliable source. If Wikipedia relied on shop release dates with mocked up covers than then Duke Nukem Forever would have been released 11 years ago. - X201 (talk) 18:57, 6 July 2008 (UTC)
Region Free?
I just wanted to ask if the USA version of this game is region-free for the PS3. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:31, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
* All PlayStation 3 games are region free. (p.s. this is not a forum) --Vylen (talk) 04:52, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
just to let you know gta is 1080p for the ps3 640p is not even real
* I'm not even gonna bother explaining this properly to you - look through the archives, it was heavily discussed wrt the NATIVE resolution of the game... --Vylen (talk) 04:07, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
* I wouldn't call that 'heavily'. The validity of the claims that the rendered resolution is 640p were never backed up. It's just naturally accepted as fact because a news article on a so called 'reliable' site was posted. Lets ignore the fact it never backed up its 'sources' and was quoting directly from a forum post as reference. That just screams volumes of how reliable the news site really is. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:55, 3 August 2008 (UTC)
I just got an update on the 360 version
I turned on the game this morning and downloaded an update from XBL, but I can't find any news about it.Skeith (talk) 10:10, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
* Same for me but for the PS3. v1.02, I also can't find any news about it.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:52, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
* It's on Rockstar's site. --Svippong 17:21, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
PC port
Is this enough to cite their being rumors of a PC port? --Lenin and McCarthy | (Complain here) 21:39, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
* I wouldn't say so, considering that was all the way from January 25 and it stated that no one had confirmed it. It's nothing new. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:44, 24 June 2008 (UTC)
Indirect proof or scam?
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:33, 28 June 2008 (UTC) i found this link to a (chzec?) online game store. It might be a scam, i wouldnt be surprized, but if the website is legit, it could be the proof of a pc release http://www.citydisc.ch/games/detail.cfm?lang=d§ion=pc&art_nr=9483014
furthermore, if it turned out to be a scam, and rockstar found out about it, we would probably get an official statement from them in order to kill the scam
* It's complete nonsense - they're using "boxart" from a German website that initially reported the rumours (you'll notice the PAL written in the top right corner, which is complete nonsense for a PC game). --Vylen (talk) 14:37, 28 June 2008 (UTC)
Final Mission choices
I believe the following statement in the intro to "Gameplay" is incorrect: "The game has two different endings, which are determined by decisions made by the player throughout and at the end of the game. Each choice affects the final missions the player can partake, and the fate of some characters." Yes, the game has 2 possible endings, but the decisions a player makes throughout the game do not affect the final mission one receives. The only choice that affects the final ending is the last choice the player makes (given by Bell), choosing to either chase down or help Dimitri. Every walkthrough for GTA: IV can confirm this. The other decisions in the game do not affect the ending, only the ability to "reveal" extra side missions. I think it should be re-written to: "The game has two different endings, which the player determines during the final decision. The other decisions during the game affects the fate of some characters and the possibility of playing extra side missions." Nitroblu (talk) 08:17, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
A better choise of words would be, "The decisions as to the games ending are only made in the mission prior to the final mission" Because yours is way too vage.(<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:06, 1 July 2008 (UTC))
GTA IV for PC
I would sure like to know if this will be out for pc ever, I was planning to buy it as soon as it was released and then they only made it for console.. I will never buy it for console as I am a pure PC gamer. Consoles to me are a waste of time and space. If they do not release it for PC then no big deal, I guess it's their loss since PC gamers won't be sending them money. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:07, 30 June 2008 (UTC)
* There has been no official news wrt the release of GTA IV on PC. For future reference, please consult the rockstar website and not ask questions here as this place is NOT a forum. --Vylen (talk) 09:17, 30 June 2008 (UTC)
Why won't they get money from PC gamers lolol I'm a PC gamer but believe GTA is best suited to console, it just feels so much better. I would happily buy a console just to play any GTA. Celtic96 (talk) 03:26, 11 July 2008 (UTC)
* not everyone has money to waste on a console for just one game, and even if they did, one would hope they wouldn't be that stupid with their money. Either way, this is for discussion of the article, not the subject of the article. And Rockstar has not announced a PC release so anything about it is pure speculation at this point. Nar Matteru (talk) 04:18, 11 July 2008 (UTC)
Pc is ok but they can crash, and have crippling antipiracy measures that affect the people who buy the game, not the pirates, who can circumvent and bypass all the restrictions. with a severly bored 15 year old and a computer and a copy of the game, a crack will form. consoles have no need for this, due to the fact that if u are found, your waranty is voided and you get banned from the online gameplay.Link ganon zelda (talk) 16:44, 24 July 2008 (UTC)
* And your point is?. --SkyWalker (talk) 16:49, 24 July 2008 (UTC)
* Antipiracy sucks. And Rockstar could care less about piracy because they have profited more than enough to consider themselves a success. And given with the right knowledge and materials, a person could bypass antipiracy measures imposed on consoles and they can even play competitively against legitimate gamers. Console companies can only block consoles who are using popular methods of bypassing antipiracy measures, but not secret or hidden methods unknown to them. Now Rockstar should focus on bringing this game to more platformsTriadwarfare (talk) 15:05, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
There has been a confirmation of a PC version of the game, I believe. See here T he C hronic 22:55, 24 July 2008 (UTC)
* There are doubts about how reliable that mag is Xep (talk) 00:36, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
* I've removed it. We all know about straplines on the front of magazines saying one thing and then when you read the inside of the magazine it says something totally different. We need a reliable source for information like this. - X201 (talk) 08:04, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
* Point is rather that the UK PC Gamer does not know it as well. So it could be true or it could be rumors. We should try to find someone active in Malaysia who is interested in PC Games to have a look at this magazine and if it is true to cite the magazine rather than a picture of it's cover. I think PC Gamer UK and others will soon confirm it anyway if it's true. So # Why 11:40, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
The PC relase is OFFICALLY confirmed and its october 2008!!!!!!!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bledzerget (talk • contribs) 16:04, 27 July 2008 (UTC)
* I don't think you have a reliable source for that have you? No? I didn't think so...
* On a side note, the aforementioned PC Gamer cover is not a confirmation for the PC version according to Game On Game. New source for rumor is the ESRB according to that source (which I can't confirm on the ESRB website). So # Why 16:24, 27 July 2008 (UTC)
Take a look at this.... http://www.gamegrep.com/news/11965-its_official_gta4_on_pc/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bledzerget (talk • contribs) 11:14, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
* Untrue rumor. Try the search yourself. Most likely someone at ESRB messed up and they have corrected it by now. Not at all reliable enough for Wikipedia. So # Why 11:24, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
* It is a true rumor. I have seen it myself, and thousands of others on many GTA websites reported it. Here is an IGN source: . Also from Gamespy: I think it deserves to be mentioned on the main article.(Medfreak (talk) 06:16, 2 August 2008 (UTC))
* It is true but i don't think it should be mentioned but there is no harm in adding. --SkyWalker (talk) 06:30, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* ESRB has already rated the game and it was up on their site (i and lots of other persons have seen it). ESRB has had this problem before (showing game rating before game official announcement). Also if you know how ESRB works, then you know that rating is given only to the product that has been finished (read more from ESRB). PC version was also up in Take2 website back in january if i remember correctly (which was also removed after some time). But as we all know, Wiki is not about the truth, it's about the source.. does this mean if reliable source confirms some bullshit, then it should be up in wiki? Then it don't get the point of wiki, is users can't find truth rather than only some stuff that has been confirmed by some sources. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kaurikk (talk • contribs) 13:27, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* If the "bullshit" you mention is confirmed by a reliable source, then yes, that will most likely happen. WP:V states it, as you say it: WP is an encyclopedia and thus does not judge about whether something is true or not - it reflects that other people have said something is true or not. So # Why review me! 13:38, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* I linked to two reliable sources : IGN and Gamespy, both reporting the fact that ESRB did list "Windows PC" platform as one of the GTA IV platforms temporarily . Both are some of the most reliable game reporting outlets in the gaming industry. I think the fact that ESRB showed that is now proven. Further denials on your part constitutes to nothing but trolling at this stage. Now the issue of whether or not this actually CONFIRMS a GTA IV PC version is a different discussion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Medfreak (talk • contribs) 17:11, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* Relax, will you? I never denied that the ESRB had such listings, I just told the user that we value verification over truth as this is an encyclopedia. So yes, you are, as Skywalker said, welcome to write in the article that the ESRB had such listing online, if you think that is needed in the article. I just advise you to remember that the sources just confirm the ESRB listing and not the PC version itself. So # Why review me! 17:49, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* It does look like GTA4 is confirmed for PC. Straight from Rockstar themselves -, as well as on other reliable websites.NeonFire (talk) 12:07, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
Sales
How many copies has it sold now? More than a month has passed since the last amount sold that it shows on this page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eattwell (talk • contribs) 05:38, 12 July 2008 (UTC)
Sales and Impact
Should it be noted that GTA4 sold a lot less than expected and didn't have any impact on console sales? According to this month's NPD it's not even in the top 10 in the US. I think it should be made note of given that many analyst predicted it would have a big impact on sales for consoles and it didn't atleast for the US for either platforms. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:30, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
But it distroyed record's and sold well, give a link to these predictions and I guess they can be put in. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:56, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/12/grand-theft-auto-iv-didnt-boost-console-sales/ “The continued success of GTA IV is not translating into big hardware sales for the PS3 or the 360,” a NPD analyst Anita Frazier said. “But there may yet be a lift in June due to gift-giving for Father’s Day and graduations.”
that never happened according to the last NPD, atleast in the US —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:45, 19 July 2008 (UTC)
Easter Eggs
Can some one please add a part with the easter eggs in the game like the beating heart in the statue of happiness —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:56, 16 July 2008 (UTC)
NOT A GAME GUIDE!(<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:55, 18 July 2008 (UTC))
* I suggest you go to http://gta.wikia.com/. They have most of the ingame content there. Since Wikipedia is simply an encyclopedia, nothing more, that information isn't and shouldn't be included because not all people who read this article are looking for such content (some are only interested in new features, sales, plot summary, etc) because they will only unnecessarily increase length of the page and loading times. Please understand Triadwarfare (talk) 14:15, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
Why not put a link in for Easter Eggs that way the information will not be directly in the article, this is a site with all the Eggs found in the game so far
http://www.eeggs.com/tree/11931.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:41, 29 September 2008 (UTC)
Unsigned makes a good point, however, this article should have a link to those types of pages. It has one to strategywiki, but that is not a very good one as far as a game guide goes. Linking to gta.wikia.com I believe would be much more helpful, or linking to wikicheats.com as well. Those are great guides and I'm sure a lot of people searching the internet would love to see those links. (Zpenacho (talk) 19:00, 9 October 2008 (UTC))Zpenacho
Sales
Has Rockstar released any new information of the sales of the game yet? if so, we should update how many copies have been sold up to today, July 25th. Alec92 (talk) 18:00, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
* Why Today? Whats so special about today? And whats the purpose of including such a dynamic number. Shouldn't have the edit wiki every time a new sale is made... Nar Matteru (talk) 18:18, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
Downloadable content
What information do we have about the upcoming downloadable content for GTA IV as the information for it on this page has not chnaged since it was posted so many months ago. Is there any confirmation on episodic content as was speculated before IV's release? Will they just be clothing packages in a similar fashion to Saints Row's downloads? The statement that it will provide hours of extra gameplay is ambiguous at best and does not imply in the slightest that new episodes, new content (like, for example, buying properties, new jobs, more vehicles, etc) etc will be included. So what information do we have about the content and can it be posted here?? (<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:17, 3 August 2008 (UTC))
* The only bit of new info was the fact that the date had slipped, other than that I've seen nothing. - X201 (talk) 11:42, 3 August 2008 (UTC)
GTA IV for PC confirmed!
http://www.gamereactor.dk/media/gta4til_159627.jpg
there's a article here with the pic but its danish. http://www.gamereactor.dk/nyheder/70293/GTA+IV+til+PC!/?sid=70338e657b40d34a94ed8929b1996fcf
At top it says
"GTA IV for PC! ESRB reveals everything before the developer"
Then
"Rockstar has long said that they don't have plans for releasing Grand Theft Auto IV on PC at first. ESRB has now invalidated this and it's not the first time that they preempt it before a developer.
(Under Pic) ESRB probably reveals a game before the developers themselves.
Last time ESRB, the american organisation for rating of games, revealed a game title before the developer themselves, was in may where we got to know that there was a new Castlevania game for Nintendo DS on its way long before Konami announced it themselves.
GTA IV for PC has thus far no release date, but it's probably not long out in the future, what-so-ever this is of course something that all GTA-fans can be happy about."
Should I/we add the PC version in the article? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:03, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
* Kudos for asking if it should be added. As the information stands I'd say no. The ESRB info is a graphic that could easily have been faked, the current ESRB site doesn't have PC listed. The article is not in English and will make checking hard for people who don't speak/read the language, and we don't know if the site is a reliable source. - X201 (talk) 11:31, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
* Also, this has been posted before, see the discussion above. As X201 points out, it could be faked and even if it is real, the only thing it proves is that it once was listed on the ESRB site but that could have been a mistake by the ESRB as well... So # Why review me! 12:04, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
* Now that the PC version is announced, we can discuss that. No the ESRB typing was not faked, nor was it a mistake. We have linked to official sources before confirming that ESRB temporarily displayed "Windows PC" as one of the listed platforms for GTA IV. Secondly, at time of GTA IV release on the consoles, the ESRB site did not list "Windows PC" platform. So this brings us to the conclusion that sometime between the console release and now, they deliberately changed it adding the windows PC platform to the list. ESRB is well known for early leaks of games, a well known example would be Vice City stories for the PS2. Finally IGN says: "Update: Since this story was published, the ESRB removed the GTA IV listing for PC from its public online database. However, the ESRB has not sent out a retraction letter to subscribers of the ESRB update service." Meaning it was only retracted from the Public database, but remained pretty much on the ESRB listing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Medfreak (talk • contribs) 18:36, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
Nope the info can not be added. Until Rockstar release information that it is coming for PC then it can be added. --SkyWalker (talk) 14:09, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
* PC version has been announced. official press release.--SkyWalker (talk) 15:47, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
Sorry to say but i'm kind a dissapointed about how this all PC stuff was handled. First sign was Take2 homepage, which was ignored as source (back in january), then it was ESRB, which was also ignored. Kaurikk (talk) 16:24, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
* Well, we handled it as it should have been handled I think. We had no reliable sources until today and so we did not include it until today. I have been watching this article for a while btw and I don't remember a Take2 homepage source that could have been considered reliably announcing a PC version. So # Why review me! 16:36, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
* Yup i did see take 2 page but now that PC ver is officially announced i don't see the point in arguing. --SkyWalker (talk) 16:37, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
* Just as I predicted =) – xeno ( talk ) 16:45, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
* And here I was, hoping to see you eat your hat...life is sooo cruel :-P So # Why review me! 16:49, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
Note that the news/article i posted was from 26th july, so it was pure fluke that it got confirmed the same day as i posted it here! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:51, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
PC version multiplayer
I am really curious about how multiplayer will work in PC version. Maybe the game will include a serial key? or not? What exactly means "expanded" multiplayer for PC only? I am very interested in that part of the game, because I like GTAs, but in +100 hours of playing you just leave the game alone --NeHoMaR (talk) 03:02, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
* GTA 4 will be using GFWL for multiplayer. Ofcourse it will include a serial key that is the best defense against pirates when it comes to playing multiplayer. No one exactly what "expanded" multplayer mean. Just be patience Rockstar will explain more about it in due time.--SkyWalker (talk) 03:42, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
* I really hope they do make it in such with serial keys. If Rockstar actually works on the Multiplayer version of the game, it could pretty much boost their sales against those that will pirate the game. This would be a unique opportunity in comparison to their previous single player installments. (Medfreak (talk) 06:57, 7 August 2008 (UTC))
* Rockstar knows what they are doing. They know what PC users wants. Except iam looking forward for official mod support more than multiplayer. --SkyWalker (talk) 08:34, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
* I am not sure I agree there. The quality of their previous PC ports have much to be desired. Although they usually get the controls working well. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Medfreak (talk • contribs) 17:59, 8 August 2008 (UTC)
* I agree good online play help a lot in selling legit copies of games, indeed, is the only thing making me actually buy a game when I can just .. you know. --NeHoMaR (talk) 22:52, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
PC requirements
Any word on the system requirements yet? I looked at the GTAIV website but there's nothing there. JACO PLANE • 2008-08-7 07:13
* No Sir, If there is no information on the official site then their is nothing . I assume the sys req would be either same has Gears of War or BioShock. --SkyWalker (talk) 08:35, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
* Nothing official has been announced yet. NeonFire (talk) 12:10, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
Ip adding false information
This IP is lately being adding Serbia in GTA 4 article. This information does not have any reliable sources. This is been discussed here often. A suitable action must be taken. --SkyWalker (talk) 08:31, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
* By trying to change "Eastern Europe[an]" to "Serbia[n]", has already broken the three-revert rule by reverting the article six times within the last 24 hours. --Silver Edge (talk) 10:21, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
* True. He/She might continue doing this. Maybe we should report it? --SkyWalker (talk) 10:58, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
* I took the liberty of doing so. He/she breached 3RR, was warned about it and did continue. There is little doubt that 3RR should be enforced in this case. So # Why review me! 11:01, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
Should an Admin require it here's a quick link to the very long consensus discussion. - X201 (talk) 11:28, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
* Even the official link say Eastern Europe there is no Serbia written over there.--SkyWalker (talk) 11:30, 7 August 2008 (UTC)
* I may be a little late. But in GTA4, Niko and Roman do infact, speak Serbian. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:57, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
* Just to add that even if they speak Serbian doesn't mean they are from Serbia as people do speak other languages than the main language of the nation they are from. You can't really think that everyone who speaks Spanish are from Spain or every one who speaks English are from England. Serbia is a common language in the Balkans and minorities of people who speak Serbian as first language can be found in every western Balkan country. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:53, 9 October 2008 (UTC)
Yeah but other Balkan countries don't admit Serbian as their language. In Croatia its Croatian and in Bosnia its Bosnian. Also e-mails from Niko's mother are in Serbia. There are some differences between Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian and from what i saw Niko and his cousin speak Serbian (not Croatian or Bosnian). —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:42, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
* The language doesn't need to be official language to people to use it in the country. Every Balkan nation has minorities that speak Serbian as their first language but they usually can also speak the official language of the country too. They usually use their first language when they speak with the family members not the official language as in the game Niko's mother does. Thing that people would know if they would have even met someone else who doesn't speak their language as their first language. Even in USA some people speak Spanish as their first language and its not an official language of that country so by your logic that is not possible. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:36, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
I know that some people don't speak the official language of a country they live in. I'm just saying that Serbian Croatian and Bosnian are actually one language but there are three names for it, depending on the country. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:50, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
* I wouldn't say that Croatian is same as Serbian it has a lot different words than Serbian or Bosnian languages. I could say that Bosnian and Serbian languages are more like than Croatian to either of them. Still they are separated to different languages and are quite frankly evolving to their own directions. You could say they are languages that are now shaping to their own languages like all the other languages have once diverted from some other language. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:30, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
Well they aren't completely the same but there are more than 90% of the same words and grammar is the same. Btw are you from Balkans since you know so much about these languages? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jovcha91 (talk • contribs) 21:05, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
* No, I'm not anywhere near the balkan region, but still European. I only know those things by investigating the subject there is for example nice page on this site that shows how the Croatian, Serbian and Bosnian languages differiate from eachother. Also the grammar is for one reason the same as the stardard was invented by one group and then teached to all of them when they were all part of the same country. Languages evolve quite fast now a days so for example those languages might not be so much alike when like hundred years have gone by. Still I'm not stating they aren't anyway the same but they are still languages and you could categorized them as dialegs of the same language as the differences aren't so big, but to the individual people who speak them the difference is so big that it defines them as of different people. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:47, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
Bot report : Found duplicate references !
In the last revision I edited, I found duplicate named references, i.e. references sharing the same name, but not having the same content. Please check them, as I am not able to fix them automatically :) DumZiBoT (talk) 19:58, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
* "calvert" :
* "oxmuk" :
* "oxmuk" :
* "oxmuk" :
* Ok bot. I shall check them. --SkyWalker (talk) 10:13, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
* Done.--SkyWalker (talk) 10:24, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
What's taken out?
Would it be okay if we mention what was taken out of the censored version which are: I think this info would important so people would now what to look forward or really now what's not in the censored version. --VitasV (talk) 11:29, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
* Being able to see Niko have sex with prostitutes.
* A cut-scene where Niko forces a baseball bat up someones rear end.
* I say it's okay if reliable sources can be found to back it up. So Why 11:46, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
* A search brings up this and more. And I quote: "It also looks like prostitution got through unscathed, with the OFLC stating "when picking up a prostitute, the player is depicted in a car where he parks and honks the horn. The woman enters the car and the camera angle switches to the view of the number plate. While the car is visibly moving up and down, only audio cues are heard". NeonFire (talk) 12:02, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
The prostitution addition looks OK but the baseball bat section seems a little awkward to me. the Kotaku link seems to point towards the scene not being present in any version of GTA IV, therefore making it not notable for the Aussie cuts. WP dosen't list plot elements that end up on the cutting room floor for movies and I think the same applies in the case of the baseball bat. - X201 (talk) 12:10, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
Preceded by San Andreas?
Way to ignore Liberty City Stories and Vice City Stories, both of which were canonical to the series. GTA IV was not preceded by San Andreas, but by Vice City Stories. Someone fix this. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:03, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
* The numbering system in Grand Theft Auto is not a direct lineage. If it were, why is GTA IV called GTA IV? Its not the fourth game in the series. If it were a straight numbering system, GTA IV should actually be titled GTA XI - X201 (talk) 21:32, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
* I thought when I read the title, someone would suggest that GTAIV wasn't preceded at all by any of the former GTAs, as it is a completely new and different story in the series. --Svippong 21:48, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
* I'm pretty sure San Andreas does proceed it because if you think about it, I guess Liberty City Stories and Vice City Stories could be considered to be another portion of the series, similar to that of the Sims 2 Stories series, and also because GTA IV is the first instalment in the fourth generation of Grand Theft Auto. JayJ47 (talk) 22:45, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
They were full games, bigger than the first so they arn't side games. Numerically GTA IV is 4th, but really it isn't.(Ralon silver (talk) 04:17, 5 September 2008 (UTC))
* They are full games, it's true, but that that doesn't mean they're not side game. They're extensions of the story around GTAIII and Vice city. The characters and world are very similar, if not the same, and so they should be considered sub-catagories of these games. --WORM | MЯOW 08:22, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
Chronologically, GTA3 is set in 2001, LCS in 1998, Vice City in 1986, VCS in 1984? and San Andreas in 1992, so personally I think it should be preceded by Grand Theft Auto III...But I wouldn't try and enforce that opinion on others. --WORM | MЯOW 08:21, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
* LCS and VCS are just "expanding" III and VC respectively, even if they are full games by their own right. In contrast VC and SA are maybe part of the GTAIII-complex, but are completely stand-alone. Also, neither LCS nor VCS were released on the PS3 but made primarly for the PSP. As JayJ47 points out above really. As for the rationale, that GTA III is preceding GTA IV because it is set in 2001, well, that's not how we do it. We judge by the release of the game, not by the era it is set in. Otherwise Anno 1602 would be the successor of Anno 1503. ;-) So Why 08:30, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
* Yeah, I know. I still think it'd be more accurate, but you're right - it's not how we do it primararily because it comes a little to close to WP:OR--WORM | MЯOW 14:11, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
System requirements
What are the system requirements of PC for the Grand Theft Auto IV. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bilal2009 (talk • contribs) 14:36, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
* Nothing has been announced yet but when it appears on a reliable website or magazine it will appear in the article. - X201 (talk) 14:51, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
Internet Cafe/Internet
In the game, I believe the Internet Cafes are called TW@T (vagina), not TW@, as stated in the last word in the 2nd paragraph under the 'Communication' section in the article. I'm not able to edit as it's locked.. SubliminaL5 (talk) 04:43, 14 September 2008 (UTC)SubliminaL5
* It's<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Play the game. Ellomate (talk) 06:58, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
* You pronounce the @ as "at" so it's the same thing.--Megaman en m (talk) 09:53, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
Good thing it is locked, do a little more checking before editing.(<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:46, 17 September 2008 (UTC))
* @ <IP_ADDRESS>: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=gta4+tw%40t&btnG=Google+Search Thank you for your input, though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:16, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
* Now compare it to the results without the t. Hmmm? --Svippong 11:23, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
The 0 at the end of "Playstation 3" in the infobox should be an ). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:14, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
* Thanks, It is fixed. --SkyWalker (talk) 05:21, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
"Although smaller than San Andreas, Liberty City is comparable to it in terms of scope when "the level of verticality of the city, the number of buildings you can go into, and the level of detail in those buildings" are taken into account."
You mean the complete map of GTASA (consisting of 3 cities and a desert, one of which is called San Andreas) and not the city itself. The city itself was fucking tiny. Fix this in any way you consider appropriate to avoid confusion.
* None of the cities in San Andreas is named as such. Cities in San Andreas are Los Santos, San Fierro and Las Venturas; all of them and surrounding landscape including smaller villages composes San Andreas. Pvj (talk) 09:41, 17 October 2008 (UTC)
* No either who wrote the post you are responding to but to be clear, San Andreas is the culmination of Los Santos, San Fierro, Las Venturas, and the countryside / desert. ⒺⓋⒾ ⓁⒼⓄ ⒽⒶⓃ ② talk 16:52, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
-Dick S. Everywhere —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:40, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
Xbox Fanboyisim
On the native resolution someone has put 640p for ps3 please change it back to 1080p —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:08, 10 October 2008 (UTC)
* I need a source for this to correct such. ⒺⓋⒾ ⓁⒼⓄ ⒽⒶⓃ ② talk 16:52, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
* Correction: I've done some research and found that the native resolution for the PS3 is 720p as well. The PlayStation 3, however, can upscale the game to 1080p. So the native resolution is not 1080p nor 640p, but 720p. I doubt this was Fanboyism however, though it does seem questionable... ⒺⓋⒾ ⓁⒼⓄ ⒽⒶⓃ ② talk 16:55, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
* Further correction, it is true. The Native Resolution is 640p. There is no Xbox Fanboyism, that's just the simple fact. This is why research is necessary :) ⒺⓋⒾ ⓁⒼⓄ ⒽⒶⓃ ② talk 16:59, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
* There are no reliable sources for this. All articles either make the claim with no sources, or reference this article about someone who posted on a forum based on a screenshot given to him (as the examiner had no PS3 himself; even the authenticity of the screenshot provided to him is in question). There has been no second examination, simply one report on one forum that got mentioned on 50 gaming sites. When Halo 3 on the 360 was suspected of rendering at a lower resolution, this was confirmed true by the developers, and there was also a hardware reason for doing so (the XBox 360 specific "predicated tiling" feature, which could not hold an anti aliased buffer any larger than this). For this rumour, however, there has been no developer confirmation, and no followup of any kind. It is a widespread rumour, but that doesn't mean it's true. - Rainwarrior (talk) 17:06, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* PC World magazine said in an article that it is "confirmed".. Bill (talk 17:20, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* Why is this considered reliable? The only "confirmation" it offers is the "counting pixels" article (which I linked above), which is the same source the rumour stems from in the first place. "Confirmed" should mean that more than one source has verified it, which is not the case here. This rumour is not verifiable. - Rainwarrior (talk) 17:40, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* I agree that it's pretty weak as it offers no details about the conformation itself. It is referring to the counting pixel article as the report, and says it is confirmed. The consensus in the original discussion was basically that if a publication that is considered reliable says that it is confirmed, then that's good enough to satisfy WP:V. Bill (talk 18:15, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* I don't think it does satisfy WP:V. I don't see anything there that suggests that this article should be considered a reliable source, and it definitely fails: "sources should directly support the information as it is presented in an article". The only support it offers is citing the Beyond3D forum post, which is in no way a reliable source. - Rainwarrior (talk) 21:15, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
* I suggest bringing this up on the GTA Taskforce to see if consensus has changed. As PC World is a reliable publication, then it was accepted that when they say that it's confirmed then they have done some fact checking. However as they don't show their own proof (I don't think they're citing the forum post as proof), then I think you make a good argument. Bill (talk 22:28, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
Merge
The martketing article is absolutely ridiculously pointless. One video game doesn't need an entire article devoted just to its marketing. I suggest this either be merged into the actual GTAIV article or be moved to Marketing for Grand Theft Auto and include marketing details on its predecessors. VG Editor (talk) 09:54, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
* I disagree with a merge. Much like Halo 3, the marketing for GTA IV was on a much larger scale than the average game. The trailer countdown website, the massive box art reveal, the wanted posters and radio phone in messages were all something different to normal marketing methods, and they all got media attention. While some things wouldn't be harmed by reducing the detail, I think we'd be losing sourced info if all the content was merged into GTA IV. Bill (talk 15:18, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
* Also disagree - this article is too big already. We split off the Marketing and the Characters and still have 84kb. – xeno ( talk ) 15:21, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
* I disagree too. GTA 4 Marketing was huge and whatever information about marketing must go there. --SkyWalker (talk) 15:40, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
* I also disagree. Marketing for Grand Theft Auto IV was on a large scale beyond that of many games, comparable only to Halo 3. Not just the Viral Advertising and Public Events in addition to the countdown and reveals, but also: the Limited Edition Consoles, the Special Edition, Soundtrack, and even the massive promotion given by other media outlets. The Marketing for Grand Theft Auto IV deserves it's own article and as per such, they should be kept separate. ⒺⓋⒾ ⓁⒼⓄ ⒽⒶⓃ ② talk 16:42, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
* I also disagree. Marketing for GTA IV was on a much larger scale when compared to other video games, and as such, deserves its own page. MOOOOOPS (talk) 18:44, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
* I think that this needs to be moved to Marketing for Grand Theft Auto and split off into sections for marketing for each game, from GTAII to San Andreas etc. It is a bit unnecessary to have an entire article devoted to one game's marketing, have it for the series as a whole. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:21, 27 October 2008 (UTC)
* GTA 4 is well knows for it marketing. I don't think it necessary to have Marketing for Grand Theft Auto for now. I don't think other Grand Theft Auto such has San Anderes had huge marketing. For now let GTA 4 marketing have its own page. --SkyWalker (talk) 09:03, 27 October 2008 (UTC)
* We can's speak about marketing for GTA IV, only thing we can talk is about marketing for console versions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kaurikk (talk • contribs) 18:10, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
Why Release date has changed?
I heard PC release date in US has changed to December 2 and its indicated in the infobox but not in the article. The date should be put there along with why this change happened, does anyone know why it was delayed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:49, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
* There is no official confirmation regarding the release date change. If you or anyone can get official press release stating the date change please add. Adding IGN, GameSpot and Amazon and so on are considered unreliable sources which it comes to release dates. --SkyWalker (talk) 10:07, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
* Skywalker, I'm confused. I definitely remember this conversation with you where you had the entire opposite viewpoint. (to be fair, so did I) Nar Matteru (talk) 14:18, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
* Ha, Well Bully indeed came for PC. :). Nat but this is a different from that conversation. Gaming sites such has IGN, GameSpot, GameSpy and also Amazon and such sites guess release dates without any confirmation. Take 2 has not confirmed any delays. Why would they hide the delays when the game is announced for November release?.--SkyWalker (talk) 14:59, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
* Yeah I figured it would, but that was still without take 2 announcement. I really, really hope they are wrong on this and that itll still come out in November, but Considering how many times R* has delayed games/ports in the past I fear they are right. As for not announcing a delay, thats not somethign theyd be very loud about, imo. We'll see if they do or not. (I'm guessing a subtle change on the websites where date is listed or some such) Nar Matteru (talk) 15:43, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
* Well my point was that if there was one date in the infobox and another one in the article, the infobox should be reverted to the previous date if there is no official statement, right? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:49, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
* It already has been changed back as someone did not like my sources, which in the hopes of optimism that my sources are wrong, is fine by me. However yes, I was originally in error buy not changing it within the article as well, but now its a moot point. Nar Matteru (talk) 20:38, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
The delay is confirmed now. Though iam not sure about Europe release date. :)--SkyWalker (talk) 18:58, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
* :(( Nar Matteru (talk) 19:13, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
* Well if you check the Games for Windows site it says that it will be released at 4th of December not the 2nd. Either its wrong or it might be the European release date or the real date don't know. It would be also nice to know where IGN got the information of it being delayed as I don't find it on Rockstar or GTA IV site. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:26, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
* IGN got the information from Rockstar. They even got the official system reqs and plus they were able to play PC version.--SkyWalker (talk) 05:30, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
It is the US Games for Windows site that says 4th of December. GB version still says 21st of November. Maybe it's just the US release that's delayed? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:40, 2 November 2008 (UTC)
* Some say it's going to be worldwide (but R* or Take2 has not confirmed any delay yet - meaning only rumor). By the way, on Games For Windows site, there are 3 different dates: 18.11.2008. 02.12.2008 and 04.12.2008. So i suggest to remove all release dates that differ from official Take2 press release (http://ir.take2games.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=326627) because there is no official word from T2 or R*. Kaurikk (talk) 14:47, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
2 December official international release date, huh? If IGN was considered a reliable source, why didn't we put that in 6 days ago? Amisnaru (talk) 11:06, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* Duh... 6 days ago. There were no official confirmation. --SkyWalker (talk) 11:31, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* Oh yeah? The story that's linked as a source was published October 30th. Amisnaru (talk) 15:22, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* Story?. Which?, What?, How?, When?, Where?--SkyWalker (talk) 15:38, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* http://pc.ign.com/articles/925/925515p1.html that. Someone edited the PC release date and put that as a source. 1. It's not official - 2. It doesn't say that's the international release date. --Amisnaru (talk) 15:53, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* Iam the one who added it. It is official. Yes it does not say International release date neither it says US or EU. How is it possible that US is delayed to Dec 2nd and EU is for Nov 21?. That is not even possible. When i removed EU someone readded it back. So it was best to say that Dec 2nd is worldwide release. --SkyWalker (talk) 16:03, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
* Alright, I'm just not used to game companies making announcements this important through IGN. Amisnaru (talk) 06:00, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
* It is not just IGN, There is GameSpot, GameSpy, EuroGamer, 1UP, GamesRadar, ComputerandVideo Games and many others. --SkyWalker (talk) 06:24, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
* Fine, but I still wish Rockstar or Take2 would come forward with an announcement themselves. Silly of them 'cause the game is such a big deal. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:38, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
* Emm.. i checked all these sites you mentioned SkyWalker and there is one funny thing.. EuroGamers still has 21 november as release date and no mention about delay, GameSpy refers to IGN article to possible delay, on 1UP and GamesRadar there is still 18 november and on ComputerAndVideoGames they say "Rockstar seems to have confirmed rumours in the US that Grand Theft Auto IV on PC has slipped a few weeks" but they are not sure. And Gamespot are referring to some retailers. So actually there is only IGN who is claiming that R* told them. If you check some biggest European online retailers (Gameplay.co.uk, game.co.uk etc) you will see 21 november as release date. It reminds me the time when PC version was not officially confirmed by R* but there where some rumors about release date and everytime they were but up into wiki they where removed and said that source is not reliable (and if i remember correctly, it was you SkyWalker who told that) and now you but up information that is not officially confirmed.Kaurikk (talk) 11:44, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
* And by the way, IGN site, that told us about the delay, it has these release dates for PC version: US: December 2, 2008, Europe: November 21, 2008, Australia: December 2, 2008. I changed PC release dates back to official because if IGN can't get their own site correct then how can we believe them? Kaurikk (talk) 11:44, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
* Look, The reason why i have removed GTA 4 PC before was it was just rumors and speculation. Rumors and Speculation should not be entered in Wikipedia. --SkyWalker (talk) 14:51, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
* There has been no offical announcement from R* in the form of a press release, so i dont think its right to say that the international release date is the 2nd of december when there is no proof, infact if you look at all european retailers they still show 21st like the press release states —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:48, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
* Heck, How many TIMES should i tell you there is no need for official announcement. Can't you people read in this link (http://pc.ign.com/articles/925/925515p1.html) that the delay is officially announced by Rockstar THROUGH IGN. The delay neither says if Dec 2nd is only for US only or if it is international and certainly says NOTHING about Europe. --SkyWalker (talk) 15:53, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
* Then what you have said yourself is ambiguous and shouldnt be used, its not fact.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:56, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
* WHERE does it say quote: "that the delay is officially announced by Rockstar"? The only thing they claim to be official in that article is the system requirements. Also, it still doesn't make sense that they would ONLY announce the delay via IGN. And you dare to act like we're the ignorant ones here. Buh gawd. Amisnaru (talk) 19:37, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
* SkyWalker, can't you read what stays on IGN site?? Release dates: US - december 2, EU november 21. Does these dates make sense? No, they don't. And now read what you stated earlier: "Rumors and Speculation should not be entered in Wikipedia".. and what you are doing now? You say some stuff we came up months ago didn't suite to wiki because they were not confirmed by R* and now you say there is no need of confirmation. Bullshit. Kaurikk (talk) 07:28, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
* The release dates of "US - December 2, EU November 21" make perfect sense if the US version has to be modified to get a lower ESRB rating. It also makes sense if there is a problem with their US manufacturing or delivery companies. This is a speculation, I know, but you should not discard information because you think that people only do stuff that seems sensible to you. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:20, 9 November 2008 (UTC)
The official release dates for the game are December 2nd in North America and December 3rd in Europe. So speculation is for null as its listed on the GTA IV official site. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:48, 9 November 2008 (UTC)
* ok... I guess that settles it then! --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:31, 10 November 2008 (UTC)
PC System Requirements
someone should write them properly according to games for windows information:
http://www.gamesforwindows.com/en-US/Games/Pages/grandtheftautoiv.aspx —Preceding unsigned comment added by Levangvilava (talk • contribs) 08:20, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
* Nowhere on that page shows the requirements, therefore, adding information on such until official information comes out is false. I know you're trying to assume good faith, but the source does not provide the requirements, and any such predictions will be classified as false and deceptive. Ellomate (talk) 02:40, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
* To be fair to the OP. The page did have the requirements on it yesterday. They have obviously been removed in the interim. - X201 (talk) 08:32, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
* GTA IV (as Microsoft pronounces it) requirements are "Coming Soon" and if it was removed, it obvious that they are attempting to make the game more playable for Windows users (sorry Mac users, it might not come out for you guys because of RAGE). Ellomate (talk) 19:41, 14 September 2008 (UTC)
* This In The Unofficial Prediction Of The Game PC Requirements from http://www.gtaforums.co.uk/index.php?showtopic=2162
* It's Still Unofficial, even i think it's wrong. (huge PC specs) want to believe it or not, up to you. Dalva24 (talk) 10:42, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
* OS: Windows XP SP2
* Processor: Dual core processor (Intel Pent:ium D or better)
* RAM: 2GB
* Hard Drive: 18GB free hard disk space
* Video Card: 512MB Direct3D 10 compatible video card or Direct3D 9 card compatible with Shader
* Drive: DVD-ROM dual-layer drive
* Wait for 1 month and we will get the official PC requirements. --SkyWalker (talk) 14:03, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
* I bet the system requirements for GTAIV will be much like the system reqs of Mercenaries 2: World in Flames: Core 2 Duo 2.6GHz, 7GB Free space, 1GB Memory, Nvidia 6800 or greater. This is just a guess and I don't have a more reliable information to back it up but this will likely be the case because I believe that GTA IV will only be compatible with High-end computers Triadwarfare (talk) 02:45, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
* I doubt it. It will be similar to BioShock. Though RAGE have not been used in any PC games. GTA 4 PC will be first RAGE engine to run on computers. So let us wait and see. Novemeber is just few 1 week away. --SkyWalker (talk) 07:31, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
* Grand Theft Auto IV has a gold date for PC users set for Nov. 17. I expect we will see final specifications around up to 2 weeks prior to it's release. Till then, let us not speculate and wait patiently for an official set of specifications. . ⒺⓋⒾ ⓁⒼⓄ ⒽⒶⓃ ② talk 16:48, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
* There is no official word from R* or T2, and i just wonder.. are really NVIDIA 8600GT and ATI 3870 comparaable cards (if you look requirements posted by IGN)?? Kaurikk (talk) 14:53, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
* Official word for?. Come one don't except every single info to come directly from companies. If that is the case then there is no need for GameSpy, GameSpot, IGN or any other gaming sites. If you read carefully. This specs are coming directly from Rockstar. IGN have played the real game. So there is no need to question their reliability. --SkyWalker (talk) 15:29, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
* No, i don't expect every single info to come from developers but as we have seen so much false/fake info about GTA IV pc version and also lots of true info that was considered as false in Wikipedia until R* or Take" confirmed it, then same line should be followed throughout entire article. I mean, it's funny to see that some info that came some weeks before pc version official announcement was considered as fake (but now we all know it was not) and now we all think it should be true that they tell? Kaurikk (talk) 18:16, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
Anonymous: the whole graphics card specs being thrown around are silly, ati x1900 and nvidia 7900 for minimum seem about right, the recomended 3870 seems ok but an 8600? an 8600 is way less powerful than even a 7900GS, the weakest of the 7900 series, and other places say 8500 recomended, thats barely more powerful than an old card like an ati x1600 series. 8800 and 3870 is what the recomended should be. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:43, 30 November 2008 (UTC)
Windows version
The section needs to be updated. Yesterday GameSpot, GamesRader and IGN has given more details about the game. It is best if it is updated.--SkyWalker (talk) 14:42, 1 November 2008 (UTC)
* Why don't you update it yourself? You seem to know a lot about the game and read all the articles about the PC version. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:26, 12 November 2008 (UTC)
* Are you ignoring me because I'm unregistered? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:32, 13 November 2008 (UTC)
* Chill man nobody replies to every single post --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:00, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
* And, you took 11 days to reply to his. So... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:10, 28 December 2008 (UTC)
gta iv 1.04
hey wiki guys and girls ive just added that ps3 is now 1.04 i see no problem with the first section that says ps3 1.04 xbox360 1.01 it just that you may wanna improve my section under updates either for presentation and additional information giving on just what this patch does —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:15, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
GTA 4 being understood as "Satire"
I motion to have this article identify GTA4 as more than a game, but also a satire. Understanding gaming as a reasonable and relevant form of artistic expression is worthy of being expressed in a Wikipedia article. I have read, and am willing to produce, evidence that states "Liberty City" was seen as the main character during the development process. Liberty city, and the million dollars that went into bringing it to life - was done with the intent to satire American culture in a post 9/11 society. This is reflected by nearly every recording of dialogue, verbs and in-game media. Understanding GTA4 as merely a "game" would be similar to proposing that Jonathan Swift's modest proposal was primarily a proposal. In reality - they are both well developed and socially relevant satires. Furthermore; if we fail to express this point - we face the persistent threat that the forms of media we all enjoy will continue being seen as childish and insignificant. This also undermines us as a society and the attempts of the developers who created GTA4. I do not motion to make this an amendment to all video-game articles. I feel, however, that GTA4 is in dire need of this addition simply because of its unique and influential nature. I guarantee you, in the history books, GTA4 will be best understood as both a video-game and an intelligent satire of inexplicable depth and importance. Please take into account my motion to amend the introduction to note that GTA4 is also primarily a "satire." --Schleife (talk) 20:24, 16 November 2008 (UTC)
* Wrong. GTA IV is primarily a game. Admittedly, the ingame world is a satire of post-9/11 in addition to being a necessity for the game. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:00, 16 November 2008 (UTC)
* Right or wrong, we do not care about "The Truth". If you have reliable sources to verify such conclusions, we can add them. But we cannot add this based on your thinking, that would be original research and we cannot include such things here. Regards So Why 21:24, 16 November 2008 (UTC)
* We already have a review source describing the game as a "thoroughly compelling work of cultural satire disguised as fun", but I think it'd make for unhelpfully undue weight to have this in the very first sentence of the lead (as per Schleife's original edit of "Grand Theft Auto IV is a sandbox-style action-adventure video game and satire developed by Rockstar North"). I don't see a problem with reintroducing it further in the lead, though. --McGeddon (talk) 10:11, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
* Sure. If there are more sources saying so, why not? As you point out, the problem is WP:UNDUE - if only one reviewer thinks so, it can't be represented as a basic attribute of the game. Regards So Why 12:05, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
* Schleife - I will seek out these sources.
Ragdoll Physics?
In the Vehicles section of the main article, it states, "The physics engine will turn the player into a rag doll after a crash, instead of using a predefined animation, resulting in more realistic collisions."
Is this right? I thought that it used the Euphoria engine, which is quite a bit different from ragdoll physics.
Gamer 2k4 (talk) 18:54, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
I think you understood the sentence wrong. It explains that player is not using any animation when he flies trough the windshield like other games would use and is more like a ragdoll like normal person would be when he might fly trough a windshield. This just means that it doesn't require any preset animation when it does that but really crates the animation on the spot and its effected by everything that happens at that time when it happens. To me its not trying to say it uses just ragdoll physics but almost all the flying when you are dead is just ragdoll as you can't control a dead body. Still it could be worded better as it gives the chance to be mistaken. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:26, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
* Well <IP_ADDRESS> why can't you reword it so it make sense?. --SkyWalker (talk) 10:32, 24 October 2008 (UTC)
* Well because first I can't edit the page at the moment only view the source text. Secondly I would rather let someone else who is more fluent with english to do it as if I would do it there would be mistakes that someone else would have to fix later. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:17, 24 October 2008 (UTC)
* A predefined animation is recorded with the use of mocap and can't be changed when initiated. With the Euphoria engine however it can be changed. The characters are ragdolls being controlled in real time by "behaviors". So the movements of the characters are created on the spot and can be changed. And this is exactly what happens when Niko flies through the windshield.--Megaman en m (talk) 16:22, 24 October 2008 (UTC)
* I think you may have missed Gamer 2k4s point. He/she is arguing that the game doesn't use ragdoll phsyics because it uses the Euphoria engine which doesn't use ragdolls. This is supported by Euphoria (software) but without a gret ref or a clear explaination of what the difference is beyond the claim 'it's better'. Nil Einne (talk) 10:03, 2 December 2008 (UTC)
I wouldn't say that Euphoria (software) supports the argument. While the wikipedia page for Euphoria says that it doesn't use ragdoll physics, the article that is used as a supporting reference does not mention ragdoll physics, it only talks about the Euphoria engine itself. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:21, 22 January 2009 (UTC)
GTA IV will be released on Steam
I think this is a reliable source that GTA IV:PC vill be available via Steam:
http://store.steampowered.com/app/12210 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:24, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
The Lost and Damned
Out of interest, will we be creating a seperate article for this episodic pack in similar vein to other DLC episode/expansion packs? It also appears that TLAD will be adding some new gameplay as well as a new plot, and the article is already vastly extensive and adding such content to the article would make it quite convoluted. -- .: Alex :. 17:52, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
* Yeah, I expect we will be able to create a separate article considering how much coverage it's likely to get. Bill (talk 18:37, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
No. It will be included in the same article. There is no need to have a separate article --SkyWalker (talk) 18:53, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
* Not right now there's not, but I expect there will be many articles and interviews on the development of TLAD, obviously detail on plot and there'll be reception details to come too. Considering this article is 89kB already, if the expansion does get that much coverage then it'll be ripe for spinning out. We'll just have to wait and see. Bill (talk 19:51, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
* I wonder if it's now time to at least start such an article. There's a lot of information coming out on the episode itself, and I'm sure we'll see more information on stuff like development and such soon (seeing as a bit of that has trickled out already and that was during the embargo). -- .: Alex :. 21:23, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
false information
"The game has two different endings, which are determined by decisions made by the player throughout and at the end of the game. Each choice affects the final missions the player can partake, and the fate of some characters." This is simply not true.The final ending is determined by what mission you choose at the end of the game not by various choices throughout the game.All the moral choices really do is change what dialog you get in some conversations,giving you some sort of perk,or give you some kind of side mission with a character you let survive.I am not sure how this stayed on wiki for so long.I would change it but any time i change something like that it gets changed back.I will give it a shot.Derelix (talk) 21:23, 24 November 2008 (UTC)
Two disks
The PC version is evidentally two DL disks. If we could get a source for this it might be worth mentioning it in the article. It's one of the first games I've seen with two dual layer DVDs Nil Einne (talk) 10:07, 2 December 2008 (UTC)
* Source?. I have two one is get the game and the other is this Disc 1 and Disc 2 --SkyWalker (talk) 18:32, 2 December 2008 (UTC)
* I think the 2 dual-layer theory is correct. I am still waiting for my copy to ship but I was curious how fast this game would be pirated, so I did a quick search and found out that illegal copies of the game circulate at 14GB. That means that each disk would have around 7 GB of data, too much for a single-layer DVD. But even if so and even when I get my copy, we still need a reliable source that says that this fact is somewhat notable. Regards So Why 09:18, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
HAS ANYONE HERE ACTUALLY BOUGHT THE DVD??? If anyone has, please tell me what the exact sizes of the dvds are. Reply here or on my talk page. Thanks! Karunyan (talk) 04:40, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
* It has 2 dual layer disk each 7 GB. --SkyWalker (talk) 05:14, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
* Thanks. My PC woudn't stand up to its reqs. anyway. Don't you think it's kinda bloated? I mean GTA is a masterpiece of PC gaming but GTA4 isn't that much better than San Andreas from what i've seen. 14 GB? What did they put in there??? Karunyan (talk) 13:11, 6 December 2008 (UTC)
* you haven't seen any screens on high quality yet, SA looks horrible in comparison. not so much in textures, but the models (tho at least they had fingers)
* San anderes has few animation, movies, textures and so on. The reason why PC release is larger due to highest quality textures, animation, models and various. So no i don't think it bloated. Better in terms of Graphics, features or gameplay?. GTA 4 is far superior in terms of gameplay and graphics for features GTA: SA has far more features that GTA 4. Between in coming days games size will exceed. --SkyWalker (talk) 07:14, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
Updating critical reception
Now the PC version hit stores, I think the critical reception section should be updated soon to reflect newly-created criticism to the game. German PC game magazines already cover stories that the PC version has problems with ATI video adapters, that people are not buying because of the restrictive SecuROM and the bundle of software you have to install and of glitches and problems. But there is also praise for new modes, graphics and suchlikes with the PC version. My point is, all sources I found that cover the first part of what I said, the problems, are German. I am not native to an English-speaking country so I do not know, what PC gamer magazines exist there. If someone does, I think we can find some sources to update the section with critical reception specifically of the PC version. Regards So Why 11:16, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
I agree, the install process can take up to 3 hours due to the problems with the PC version and that's assuming you know what you're doing. Plus, the only xbox360 controller supported issue should receive more attention. I'm amazed the other controller manufactures aren't suing Microsoft for this clear Monopolistic behavior. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
* Well, that's my point. Amazon.com is full of complaints by users and this game has a rating there below 2 stars at the moment, so I think reliable sources are expected to pick this up soon and then we should add this to the article. Regards So Why 09:24, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
I agree, the pc version is really terrible. I can run Fallout 3 and Crysis in the highest possible settings, but not GTA 4. You'd be lucky to get a decent fps in medium settings. The game is too CPU intensive game even for today's mid-high/high-end gaming pcs. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:20, 12 February 2009 (UTC)
I think there should be a further section that details the fan reaction to the game. It's become clear that players of the game are not nearly as receptive to it as the critics were, as you can see for yourself here: http://www.metacritic.com/games/platforms/pc/grandtheftauto4
It seems that the initial awe has worn off and people are desperate for something a little more lasting. How this can be articulated into a Wiki entry, I don't know, but it's certainly a significant issue to cover. This will only be proven as time goes on and memories of GTA4 grow less and less fond—something not yet represented by the current Reception article. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:39, 20 March 2009 (UTC)
* The reception section should only be reserved for professional reviews, there's no place for "fan reception", because the fans are just random people who played the game.--Megaman en m (talk) 16:54, 20 March 2009 (UTC)
* First of all, to say the reception (**it's called "CRITICAL reception", ie. reception to Critics) section should be reserved for professional reviews is to say that the opinion of the entire consumer market doesn't matter, despite that opinion being the one that makes or breaks the game's future. Second, don't put their opinion in "Critical" reception, then. Create a "fan reception" section. The fact is if fans don't like a game, they stop playing. It's widely cited ["by who?" (-screw off)] in blogs and gaming forums that people are unhappy with the direction R* took. Third, if you'll notice, fan reception and cult status are frequently mentioned in Film articles—but that doesn't deserve to be mentioned here because why, exactly? ...its fan reception isn't higher than its' critical reception, thus being accepted as "cult"? If one aspect is valid, then surely, an equally inverse one must be, too. And fourth, you've thrown up a particularly bad case of argumentum ad verecundiam.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:10, 27 March 2009 (UTC)
How can i download
In the media section "Download" is also written if it is true then how can i download it Bilal2009 (talk) 07:26, 4 December 2008 (UTC) December 4 2008
* Via Valve's Steam system. We only put download rather than the specific name of the service because otherwise we would (and have) ended up with long lists of download websites where games are available on more than one download service. - X201 (talk) 09:19, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
Currently it is available only on STEAM and Direct 2 Drive. --SkyWalker (talk) 11:49, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
PC Performance Issues
Do you think it would be relevant to add into the Windows Version section the details of the performance of this version? I think the incredibly poor coding by Rockstar is worth mentioning. I honestly have never played such a badly optimised game in my life. It runs at a similar frame rate to Crysis while looking vastly inferior, like an 2 year old game not a recent release... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:39, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
* See my section about updating the critical reception above. I read many such reports, mainly on Amazon and on forums. Unfortunately neither are reliable sources that we can use on Wikipedia. If you read such criticism on the homepage of a well-known gaming site or gamers magazine, we can and should add something about this criticism to the article. Regards So Why 22:44, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
* I personally would like to see a mention about things like no anti-aliasing at all (in a new PC game that is ridiculous), ugly looking shadows on PC version, the lack of advanced graphics settings and maybe underline more in the article the issues with code optimization regarding the graphic performance. If someone knows official sources for any or some of these, it would make it even better. -- LiesInc (talk) 20:12, 16 December 2008 (UTC)
Overwhelmingly positive reviews?
"Overwhelmingly positive" is a bit of an oxymoron. How about universally positive reviews? Naur (talk) 12:08, 6 December 2008 (UTC)
GTA 5/6
Er, didn't know whether to put this on the Grand Theft Auto page or not so decided to put it on both, I heard ages ago (can't remeber from where) but they have finished the GTA5 script and are beginning 6's is this true? or am I insane? answer both. --The Ninjalemming 20:44, 10 December 2008 (UTC)
If we have no proof we can't add it.--Megaman en m (talk) 20:48, 10 December 2008 (UTC)
Severe vandalism
This article incurs severe vandalism from IP addresses. Such as the previous 4 days where people put unsourced information and continously changing the PS3 reso to 1080p. I'm a PS3 owner, not a 360 owner. So I know. So we need a lock from IPs editting the article. It's different people everytime. Not one IP. And it's getting to the stage where there is way too much clutter and useless information on the article. Ffgamera (talk) 08:38, 27 December 2008 (UTC)
You should go to WP:RFP if you want to make such a request.--Megaman en m (talk) 11:49, 27 December 2008 (UTC)
* Currently it's quite calm actually, nothing more than the usual. I doubt a request for protection would work. I got this on my watchlist anyway and I will protect it if really needed. Regards So Why 12:49, 27 December 2008 (UTC)
* You call 40 edits in the last three days "calm"? Ffgamera (talk) 04:54, 30 December 2008 (UTC)
This article is continously heavily edited to the extent where readers will find something different every 2 hours! It's absolute chaos! Ffgamera (talk) 07:05, 1 January 2009 (UTC)
Sorry for the large amount of edits, but I have refurbished and summarised the article so it is once again, less than 100KB. Please everyone, when listing examples, don't list everything! I'll give an example: Final Fantasy, eg. FF1, FF2, FF3, FF4, FF5, FF6, FF7, FF8, FF9, FF10, FF11, FF12, FF13. And try avoiding adding unnecessary detail to everything. And don't say "this is new to the Grand Theft Auto", because pretty much everything in GTA4 is "new to the Grand Theft Auto". And try writing in a formal tone, rather than colloquial. Also try to keep the article under 100KB. Thanks for all your efforts to making the article a large one. Thanks, Ffgamera (talk) 06:23, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
Country of Origin confirmed from in game dialog
Ch.8 of the assassination missions contains non-digetic dialog in which Niko confirms his country of birth being Serbia, however also states that his allegiances were not always "...where they should have been...." (Said in passing).
cannot be bothered to log in, but wh3n18becomes2zer0s is my username. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:48, 28 December 2008 (UTC)
* It has been a clear point by Dan Houser, head-writer of the plot, that Niko has no specific country of origin. In an interview, Dan Houser states, "in GTAIII we had a man without a name, in GTAIV we have a man without a country." Besides, if you would provide us with the specific dialogue in question, it would be appreciated. If you are correct, than that is a continuity error in the dialogue writing, especially considering how careful the writers were to avoid naming a specific country, and in addition to that... he could be lying. --Svippong 01:10, 29 December 2008 (UTC)
-Yeah but GTAIII's man's name was Claud. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 06:11, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
* Not during the game, it was only revealed two games later, and it is not entirely confirmed, it is just the assumed position. And also it was "Claude". Even with or without the name, he was still very unspecified in GTAIII. --Svippong 06:22, 3 January 2009 (UTC)
* He was obviously Claude Speed from GTA 2 —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:52, 4 February 2009 (UTC)
I'm near the end of the game and "Serbian" has been explicitly mentioned 4 times until now. And I may even have missed some. Playboy X to Niko at the end of Photo Shoot. Kidapper to Roman during Hostile Negotiations. Bernie to Niko at the end of Buoys Ahead. Pegorino to Niko at the beginning of Flatline. So, he is/was clearly intended to be a Serbian. Dan Houser is just acting like they never had settled for a country. Can't give you quotes because I use german subtitles.
* I have yet to hear "Serbian" in the game, but are you sure you're not confusing Slavic for Serbian? --Svippong 01:29, 4 January 2009 (UTC)
pretty much at the begining of the game Roman said to Niko that his serbian is not that good anymore, and that they should use english
From an inteview with Dan Houser: http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/eric2_0/2009/02/rockstars-dan-houser-speaks-part-1.html
"we wanted him coming from war-torn Europe and we wanted him coming from somewhere in war-torn Europe, that meant he was about that age and that put it on the Balkans but now you could put it somewhere else, but what we didn’t want was to focus on the details of that conflict.
It’s not important, the fact he was fighting on this side or that side, so we know he speaks Serbian but we don’t know on which side he was fighting"
This seems pretty clear that the country of origin cannot be known. He speaks Serbian, but he could be from Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, or Montenegro in addition to Serbia. http://www.flw.com/languages/serbian.htm
But, since Yugoslavia did not dissolve until 1991, he had to have been born there in order be an adult at the time of the game.
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:24, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
PS3 Resolution
On the right panel you can see 640p resolution on the ps3: it's wrong. The screen resolution is 720p in both story and multiplayer (can be upscaled to 1080p). Please, correct this info. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:48, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
* If you type "720p" into the archive search box above you will see previous discussions on the subject. - X201 (talk) 09:55, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
Proof of Niko Bellics nationality
'''Here is the 1st proof of Nico Bellics nationality. Ingame picture taken by me'''
http://img147.imageshack.us/img147/9105/cimg2041ds4.jpg
This (INGAME PIC) should be the best proof of his nationality! It is the first scene when Niko talks with Roman in serbian and Roman said "Better than my serbian!"
NO ONE in eastern europe would say i speak serbian when he is not an serb!
2nd Ingame picture taken by me -> Email from his mother with explaination
The Word "srecan" is a specific serbian word (means in english happy)
Here the Proof:
http://img292.imageshack.us/img292/716/cimg2037qs0.jpg
http://img292.imageshack.us/img292/2478/nikoserbianrp6.jpg
And what he is not:
http://img231.imageshack.us/img231/6682/nikonotcroatianzq6.jpg
http://img99.imageshack.us/img99/1672/nikonotrussiannw6.jpg
http://img301.imageshack.us/img301/8937/nikonotbulgarianvw9.jpg
http://img217.imageshack.us/img217/7629/nikonotromaniankl9.jpg
http://img230.imageshack.us/img230/2263/nikonotslovenianud1.jpg
IMPORTANT: It is true that the serbian language is spoken in many countries, but only from people with serb nationality. But in the game the serbian is ekavian (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yat) that is only or primary spoken in Serbia an nowhere else!!
I hope this is enough proof to correct the main text! There are 3-4 more mentiones that very clearly say that he is serbian in serbian language but at this time i have the save games no more to proof that too....
Sorry for my poor english! :-) My serbian ist much better!
--Laessig123 (talk) 01:00, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* Perhaps. But Dan Houser is still pretty specific in several interviews (which, we by the way have news outlet sources of) that Niko is not supposed to have a known nationality. I am sure your clues here are obvious misinformed mistakes on Houser's part. Given how it is partly him who writes the plot. So while Niko may actually be Serbian, it is not important at all, cause one of the important things of the plot is that he has no specific nationality.
* I am not saying this to discredit your evidence, if anything, to discredit Dan Houser, but still, it's his game, it's his plot, so decides what it is. At which he have picked Eastern European over Serbian. And Serbia, by name, isn't mentioned in the plot (only "the old country"). As for the Serbian spoken in the game, I think it is translated by someone who knows Serbian, but not so much Serbia, and made this casual mistakes, which would mislead the plot. --Svippong 10:06, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry, but I dont know what you mean with Dan Houser's statement. He is a good director but I dont think that knows anything about the things he says. If he wanted to make Nico as a man with unknown nationality why are they using the words "serbian" in the game. That has no sense in my oppinion. By the way, the english Wikipedia is the only source that says he is a eastern european. All other wikipedias say he is serb. Also all of the game magazines. I can give you proofs also in that but i think every person which can use google will see that in 3 sekonds by typing his name in the search box. And in the game have not the translators made a mistake because it is clean ekavian serbian language in the game in subtitles and audio. The only mistake i can hear is the actor of nico or the one who is his voice had no clue of the serbian pronunciation. After all my arguments it is ridicilous to say he is an eastern european. I know that you know that and can not understand why insist on that?!? Why is wrong better than correct? This ist wikipedia and it should unify worlds knowledge and not an unlogical statement from one man, who knows when he says the truth that maybe other eastern europeans wouldn't buy the game. Know i have croatian acquaintances they sold the game after hearing the first serbian sentence after 2 mins in the game. And thats also true. Sorry if I made again 100 spelling mistakes :-) with kind regards. --Laessig123 (talk) 12:54, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* I may speak German but this does not necessarily make me German by nationality. N.B. I don't really speak German – xeno ( talk ) 13:52, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* Xeno is correct. I for one speak (or at least write) pretty good English (at least I think so) but that does not make me American, does it? I am Italian by heritage, I grew up in Germany and I write pretty good English - so who could guess that by reading my English, I have Italian heritage (and an Italian name)? Noone, that's who. As said above, to infer from the language spoken that the nationality is Serbian, is not only original research but also incorrect. Regards So Why 14:07, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* You both do not have a clou about the eastern europe as I can see when I read your posts. And more worse is that you pervert the facts and the whole meaning of my post with no really arguments. You (SoWhy) said your heritage is italian. Excample: When your grandmother from Italy writes you, would she write in italian, nigerian oder brasilian? Don't be so bullish! The second proof is that everyone who knows a little bit from eastern europe that the people from all nations are patriots and no one would say i speaks serbian when he is not an serb!! As I can see you both know nothing about it and nothing about the game. In one of the mails of his mother she sais she will write in english and not in the native language because of his cousin Roman. But OK the really one who had relatively good argument is Svip and I understand him. Because of his and my facts i should at least be said in brackets or as an addition: "(most likely a Serbian)" or "(most likely from Serbia)". I can live with that and it would also guard against future edit wars and reflect all other sources where it says that he is from Serbia. I am using arguments and want to hear real arguments why NOT? The whole diskussion archive is only one argument for eastern europe against 100 for serbia! Your arguments have also not a clou about the facts. Why should he speak with Roman if it is not their native language. There is a part in the game where he also speaks longer den 5 mins only in serbian with english subtitles. Please think about it and dont react so abrasive a want a peaceful and fair discussion! kind regards --Laessig123 (talk) 14:34, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* Tthis issue has been rehashed time and again. The most compelling source has lead us to write "Eastern European". – xeno ( talk ) 14:44, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* (ec) Actually, the only thing that stops me from completing the game in "deal" (I did revenge ending already) is a weird camera bug on the helicopter. So yes, I do know the game and I did play it. And you will notice, that nowhere in the game ANYONE says Niko is Serbian. Your argument basically consists of "he speaks Serbian" => "he is Serbian". By that logic, so goes my argument above, I'd be German because I speak German (okay, legally I am but point is, I am not by heritage). We don't want to discourage you or insult Serbia or any other country, we just pointed out that flaw in your logic.
* What svip said and what I said is essentially the same, just using different words. We got strict policies here and reliable sources say that he is intentionally not Serbian but Eastern European. So changing that you would need to prove that Dan Hauser, the inventor of the character(!), is wrong (which is pretty impossible) or that all sources are not reliable. You presented a lot of clues and logic, but it's all forbidden original research which cannot be used in the article. Even adding "most likely from Serbia" is speculation against the sources we have and thus not allowed. Regards So Why 14:48, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* I do not agree that you label my facts as theories. They have nothing to do with forbidden original research! You dont even refer to my other arguments like 1) Short (rest above): People in eastern europe are patriots and would never say they speak another language 2) That no one would speak in a in this case USA an language that has nothing to do with him. He only speaks english with others and serbian and english with his family 3) The fact that some words in the emails are only using Serbs in Serbia. I know that because I am from eastern europe and know how i it goes there. The people are using everything to seperate them from other nations. He would never speak so when he was born or has lived in croatia, bosnia, slovenia, romania, bulgaria, mazedonia, montenegro, hungary .... these are facts and the proof example is above in my first post: the word "Srecan" is only used in in serbian theritory. Not even the serbs in bosnia use this, because they use iekavian serbian language and Niko is using ekavian serbian language only used in Serbia. 4) What is a better proof and source as these selfmade pictures from the game which demonstrate exactly these facts!? Sorry but I can not unterstand your arguments and why you minimize the importance of my facts. Why should I try my best here and why I'm discussing with you when you say I am lying. When I wouldn't have proofs I would like all others make a silly endles edit war. But I do it not and will not do it because i know that I'm right. If you do not accept my knowledge it is poor for wiki not for me. It seems like own knowledge does not count in wikipedia, only copy pasting from other sources. kind regards --Laessig123 (talk) 15:16, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry, this is still original research. One of the core policies of Wikipedia is that we use verifiablity, not truth before a statement is included (or as a reason for removing a statement). As this conclusion can only be reached by assumptions and claims, and not by a direct source, then it is original research. --Bill (talk 15:27, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* (ec) You got it: Own knowledge does indeed not count, because that is what we call original research. All knowledge must be verifiable. Let's see your "proofs": 1.) Claim, not backed up by a source, 2.) Another claim not sourced, 3.) Another claim without source, 4.) The pictures only proof that he speaks Serbian - we know that already. You see, you might think these things to be common knowledge but in fact saying "he wouldn't" is not a proof at all, merely an assumption that he acts like those people you refer to. But that is not sourced and thus we cannot include it. So Why 15:31, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* No that are not assumptions. 1) They are even written in this wiki -> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yat. Everythink is there explained what you say it is a claim, but I can not learn you Serbian to understand. 2) Yes of course its a assumption. He speaks serbian with his family because he is chinese. Sorry for my sarkasm but you are not better with your ignorance! 3) That is explained here, but the english source is not so good explained as the german -> http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekavisch#Serbokroatische_Dialekte:_Ekavisch.2C_Ijekavisch.2C_Ikavisch 4 and http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serben#Sprache) Thats not only the proof that he speaks serbian because when you read the articles above you would and this one http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbische_Sprache (sorry english wiki artikle is poor) you will read: Ekavisch die im Großteil Serbiens vorherrscht. That means ekavian that in bigger parts of serbia exists. And only in serbia (read it) and with the facts from above that means he is a Serb. (Proof: "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbs#Language" there is an very interesting thing in the first sentense that is for you an assumption). Im excited what you will now simulate. regards --Laessig123 (talk) 16:06, 27 January 2009 (UTC) EDIT: I'll come back tomorrow.
* Please read both points I'm making here. The first covers original research and the second point is about things included in the article being verifiable. Firstly, You don't have any solid proof that he is Serbian. Just because he speaks Serbian and it's unlikely anyone else would speak it in that way does not provide a reliable reason to say that he is Serbian in the article. You are coming to the conclusion that he is Serbian based on this evidence you're finding. This is original research (I suggest you read the link). We need a direct source saying that he Serbian because it is disputed that it is obvious enough from the game itself. People here aren't ignorant. I expect that some people agree that Niko is Serbian. Saying the statement must be excluded because of the lack of sources is not ignorance because they are following our policies on verifiability. Truth does not automatically mean that the statement can be inserted into the article, verifiability is what is needed. --Bill (talk 16:53, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* (Damn edit conflicts) That is still original research. The only reliable sources we can use of his nationality are from the game itself or mentioned by a developer at Rockstar Games. Everything else is merely assumptions and claims to reach conclusions, and therefore not reliable information and cannot be used. The one reliable source we do have says that Niko is simply Eastern European, and that is the only loose form of nationality that will remain in the article for the foreseeable future. This argument really needs to be dropped once and for all. -- .: Alex :. 17:02, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* I am here the only one who knows whats he talking about and who is reading the links that posted in here. My links here are in ignored and therefore you are ignorants. I stay by it. If somebody sais I know that the theory of relativity isn't correct you would also say give us a link from Einstein where he sais "I made a mistake". Absolutely crackbrained is this! I'm leaving this charade called en.wikipedia.org and i'm sure you will not miss me. I see people who are using their brains are not welcome here. Regards --Laessig123 (talk) 20:37, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* If we wrote about the The Truth!™ rather than what could be verified we would just spend all day arguing about what really is true. This isn't to say that I haven't been frustrated by this policy in the past myself but we have to all work together somehow. – xeno ( talk ) 20:39, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
* Indeed, without the Verifiability and Original Research rules we'd all be coming here with our own research, evidence and links claiming we all have the Truth. WP:V gives us a (mostly) objective method of including information in the article. --Bill (talk 20:45, 27 January 2009 (UTC)
Why can't you just note the fact that there is substantial - but not officially proven - evidence ingame that he might be Serbian, within brackets if that matters? How could it possibly damage the article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:10, 15 March 2009 (UTC)
Come on people, give the guy a break here. Niko Bellic is obviously of Serbian ethnicity -- there is *no* other reason why he would refer to the language he shares with his cousin "Serbian". This is explicitly stated in the game on at least two places, one of them during the introduction. The sentences spoken in Nico's native language are clearly meant to be Serbian, even though they're voiced by a non-Serbian actor. His country of birth is probably the communist Yugoslavia, and his country of residence immediately prior arriving to the US isn't really important, which is why Dan Houser dodged it. I am Croatian, not Serbian, so this isn't some matter pride for me -- it is simply quite clear from the game's contents that Nico is Serbian. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:23, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
* If the creators wanted Nico to be from Serbia, somebody would mention it in the game. Rockstar sure did not want to invent a language just to be safe. So they went with Serbian. Sure, the war torn European country can only be (Ex-)Yugoslavia and sure, the most likely country of origin would be Serbia. Doesn't matter. Captain Picard was supposed to be French although he spoke English with a thick British Accent. He still was French - BECAUSE THE CREATORS SAID SO!
* If you use the logic "But he says a Serbian word!", you can also spin that logic further and claim that he speaks with a NON-NATIVE ACCENT (voice actor Michael Hollick) and thus he is probably not a Serb, but moved there when he was a teenager. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:46, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
Actually, I know for a fact he was born and raised in Milton Keynes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:46, 20 May 2009 (UTC)
Internet cafe
I stopped playing the game for a while... I could have sworn the last time I played it the internet cafe was called<EMAIL_ADDRESS>did an auto update on XBOX Live change it to simply "TW@"? --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:00, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* You are mistaken, it has been "Tw@" since GTAIII. Since @ is pronounced "at". So the extra T would be redundant. --Svippong 22:19, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
and a one time online activation is required in order to play the game
This is not true, there is also a way to activate offline with the file OfflineActivation.exe <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:39, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
Fan reception?
Theres currently a section on fan reception IE Metacritic score... now many game articles in the past have rejected fan reception, considering it unrealiable due to strong bias for and against... so why do we have one here? Stabby Joe (talk) 02:51, 28 March 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry for being to lazy to look for it, but where exactly is this fan reception written?--Megaman en m (talk) 08:30, 28 March 2009 (UTC)
* I removed it. Stabby Joe (talk) 13:05, 28 March 2009 (UTC)
Bias against Japan?
The infobox has no information on release dates and the rating in Japan.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:20, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* See WP:VG/DATE for an explanation. - X201 (talk) 12:35, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
PS3 Resolution - Corrected
I think I better make a line about this. Regardless of my position, it was never an issue that concerned me, but I sort of took it for granted that a rumour can reach high level until it enters "real" media and gets accepted as reliable enough for Wikipedia, where after the same media will quote Wikipedia on it and then we are in the reliable source circle. Which is not very reliable.
The sources that claim the PS3 version of Grand Theft Auto IV runs at 640p provides no proof. In fact, there was a lot of bickering about whether it was 630p or 640p early on. And all their sources referred to same original forum post. But Wikipedia policy is clear. We do not trust some random forum! And especially not when whoever made this post could easily just have scaled it down to fit his needs. In addition, the image is no longer available. So in reality, there was no reliable source originally. --Svippong 23:04, 21 May 2009 (UTC)
---
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Svippong Provided by XCosmoX
* If I had spotted the fact that vgchartz was being used as the source I would have killed it myself. - X201 (talk) 14:07, 22 May 2009 (UTC)
* We had the same issue on MGS4 article. This whole Beyond3D / Quaz51 should be ignored on Wikipedia, sice they aren't a reliable sources, and only quoted by weblogs. --PS3 Addict (talk) 11:06, 9 June 2009 (UTC)
Commercial Success section
In the commercial section, there is a statement, "The game sold more than 3.6 million copies on its first day of availability (garnering $310 million in sales)". That comes to around $86.11 per unit. Did it real debut at that price? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:15, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
* The two citations provided don't support the $310 figure so I've removed it. - X201 (talk) 08:23, 26 May 2009 (UTC)
PS3 Resolution - Corrected
I think I better make a line about this. Regardless of my position, it was never an issue that concerned me, but I sort of took it for granted that a rumour can reach high level until it enters "real" media and gets accepted as reliable enough for Wikipedia, where after the same media will quote Wikipedia on it and then we are in the reliable source circle. Which is not very reliable.
The sources that claim the PS3 version of Grand Theft Auto IV runs at 640p provides no proof. In fact, there was a lot of bickering about whether it was 630p or 640p early on. And all their sources referred to same original forum post. But Wikipedia policy is clear. We do not trust some random forum! And especially not when whoever made this post could easily just have scaled it down to fit his needs. In addition, the image is no longer available. So in reality, there was no reliable source originally. --Svippong 23:04, 21 May 2009 (UTC)
---
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Svippong Provided by XCosmoX
* If I had spotted the fact that vgchartz was being used as the source I would have killed it myself. - X201 (talk) 14:07, 22 May 2009 (UTC)
* We had the same issue on MGS4 article. This whole Beyond3D / Quaz51 should be ignored on Wikipedia, sice they aren't a reliable sources, and only quoted by weblogs. --PS3 Addict (talk) 11:06, 9 June 2009 (UTC)
Commercial Success section
In the commercial section, there is a statement, "The game sold more than 3.6 million copies on its first day of availability (garnering $310 million in sales)". That comes to around $86.11 per unit. Did it real debut at that price? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:15, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
* The two citations provided don't support the $310 figure so I've removed it. - X201 (talk) 08:23, 26 May 2009 (UTC)
Gtaiv multiplayer unreliable not working windows live issues very common critisms
I have had this game since the day it came out for pc. Since it has been out there have been numerous issues about it and cheaters online with windows live doing nothing at all about it. There have been the same people cheating today taht were cheating the week after it came out. They have no been banned and windows live it self has been sufficiently hacked, to the point where reputation points mean nothing. There are hackers in the game that just spawn 50 tugboats and crash the game then move onto the nextgame.
There is no dedicated server and no way yo ban or prevent known cheaters to join the game. There are petitions on this. These are very well known and documented problems that rockstar has just chosen to completely ignore. It is very dishonest to have this article with out mentioning these problems especially since rockstar provides NO support or refund for these problems, and literally will tell you they cannot do anything it is all up to windows live, which just will not respond to you at all.
I cannot reiterate enough that these problems are the same problems they have had since a week after release and regardless of what they say have done absolutely nothing to fix the problem. To date not a single hacker has had there cd key banned. If you think i am being unfair please go spend 50 bucks and buy gtaiv play online and see how long you can play for before someone crashes your game. 5 minutes? maybe 10?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWUzL9vOK1Y
http://forums.gamesforwindows.com/p/3766/30757.aspx#30757
let me just say once more windows live does NOTHING if you report these people the same people with the same accounts have been reported by hundreds of people for almost a year now. To have an article on gtaiv and not mention this is extremely dishonest. You can feel free to look some of these up different people are having the same complaints with no breaks since a week after release.
* Please read WP:RS. Forums and youtube videos are not reliable source from which to write an encyclopedia article. The article already mentions the fact that the PC version was criticized. --Leivick (talk) 04:12, 14 July 2009 (UTC)
Are emails from rockstar reliable? Or there responces on there forums? Or maybe the responce from the windows live admin? I also do not understand how youtube videos are unreliable they are as verifiable as any video. Furthermore to say that the article mentions that the pc version was critizied by one magizine for its incompatability problems. I am not mentioning that, I am talking about there 1)total lack of support of the game afterwards 2)completely ignoring the problem of hackers and failing to do what they say they will on there own website about them. 3)Unmanaged p2p network game hosting. COD2 servers locked up and went in protest over there publishers not doing anything about cheating. Gtaiv users just stopped playing. around 2 months after it came out you can check xfire usage statistics. It just schemes like this is a fluff piece and doesn't mention the most obvious critisms about the game. If you still do not believe me just buy the game and go play. Join any game with more than 5 people so how long it takes before someone comes in and crashes it. Like i said if you owned the game it is the most obvious criticism. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:16, 19 July 2009 (UTC)
Police Response
Hi I expanded the police response section slightly, with how the different law-enforcement agencies which come after the player compared with previous GTAs. Just looking for someone to help me find sources for it, as all the info are from my own experiences with the game. I am certain there are a few sources out there for it, but it might take me some time to find. Also, please no-one delete and come here whining how it's too much detail - if the search radius and ways of regenerating health and loosing the heat are allowed as not too much detail, then the ommission of the Army etc... should definately be included. Please feel free to add sources, but if anyone has any issues with it, please discuss here and give me a post on my page so I get an email and will get back ASAP. TC and remember to eat all your veggies. Pink Princess (talk) 23:42, 19 July 2009 (UTC)
GTA IV has no custom soundtrack support
Ther eis no custom soundtrack support on both the PS3 and Xbox 360. Custom musics cannot be played via XMB or Xbox Guide; only through PC. If someone added the category with custom soundtrack support, then this must be known for PC use only. Not PS3 and Xbox 360. JMBZ-12 (talk) 18:39, 1 August 2009 (UTC)
NOT SET IN NEW YORK !!!!
why when i deleted the Category Video games set in New York City some retardeds keep putting it back ? now for all the retards who think it should be back listen up-the game takes place in liberty city not new york !!!!!! just because liberty city is based on new york does not mean that the game is set in new york you fucking retards !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 18:12, 11 August 2009 (UTC)
* Please dial back the personal attacks. Personally, I reverted you because when you undid the edit to remove the category, you also added back in unsourced nationality for Niko that was reverted alongside your category removal.
* On the subject of it being set in New York...it's clearly a parodied New York, I think the category is appropriate. Am willing to listen to rational arguments to the contrary. –xenotalk 18:17, 11 August 2009 (UTC)
Misleading information under Police Response
I switched around some information under Police Response. The information regarding stab wounds affecting Niko's armor is incorrect. Being stabbed only hurts your health not armor (unless this is different on the PC version). The changes I made now reflect this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:52, 17 August 2009 (UTC)
nice article
I just hope that it was written by rockstar or fans of the franchise, because its way too positive. wikipedia is a encyclopedia, not an advertisement page. this wiki entry however is. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 22:47, 20 September 2009 (UTC)
Episodes
Episodes from Liberty City needs its own article really - can someone please do thi —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:40, 21 October 2009 (UTC)
* The component parts of Episodes have their own articles. A separate article for the compilation would just re-tread the same ground. - X201 (talk) 22:21, 21 October 2009 (UTC)
Weapons Section Should be Added
Hello all,
while this article is just fine, it is missing one critical element, a weapons section. I propose that a section be added to this article that lists all of the weapons found in GTA VI as well as when they become available, their prices from various in game vendors, the cost of their ammo, and the capacity of their magazines.
Thanks, Ebmonkey2 (talk) 16:59, 6 November 2009 (UTC)
* That type of info is unencyclopedic, per WP: GAMECRUFT. It just isn't information Wikipedia wants on its pages. Razr95 (talk) 20:42, 7 November 2009 (UTC)
Influences on the plot
Should it be mentioned that, again, like in GTA-VC or GTA-SA, the story was strongly influenced by movies and TV-series? There are so many elements of e.g. The Wire. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:30, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
Niko's Origins
Alright, I know there has been some odd controversy over where Niko is from.
Based on some in game information, he speaks Serbian and he is in a country bordering the Adriatic Sea. Although Serbia does not border the Adriatic, Croatia does. Nonetheless, he speaks Serbian, which is a language prevalent with a Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe: Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and in Croatia.
So, I propose that although we do not specify exactly what country he is from (because we don't know), we can use basic deductive reasoning to make his origins a little bit more specific by mentioning the Balkans or former Yugoslavia as the region where he is from and the fact that he speaks the "mother tongue" Serbian.
Please weigh in on how you would like to construct the sentence. If I don't hear from anyone, I will take this that there is in fact no controversy and I will modify the sentence accordingly.
Best,
Guy Montag (talk) 03:12, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
* I fail to see what's wrong with 'Eastern European'. --Svippong 13:22, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
It isn't specific enough. Eastern Europe covers a lot of area and the character is from a specific region of eastern Europe important to the game story. Guy Montag (talk) 17:47, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
* Agree. Anthing other than "Eastern European" is Original Research. Even if individual points A,B and C are citable the act of adding them together to come up with D is original research. - X201 (talk) 13:50, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
* More properly, it would be WP:SYNTHESIS. And presenting the individual observations seems too much detail for this article - the character's origins are already covered in appropriate detail in the Niko Bellic article. --McGeddon (talk) 14:11, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
This information is in the game, so its not really original research. Just because you can Google something doesn't mean that it is the only source of information available. But you know, I can Google the info so I will. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wMbi-0gpME. Guy Montag (talk) 17:47, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
* I'm not sure what you're saying that YouTube link tells us, but if it comes down to having to use "basic deductive reasoning", it falls foul of WP:SYNTHESIS. We shouldn't be drawing sources together to make our own conclusion about something.
* The Niko Bellic article says "It is not specified in the game which country in Eastern Europe Niko is from, although based on his past history as described in the game and other related publications, he is most likely from Serbia or is an ethnic Serb from another country, since he speaks Serbian.", which isn't too bad. But that sentence would be inappropriately long for a plot summary in the GTA4 article. We have a whole article on Niko, we don't need to overanalyse him in this one. --McGeddon (talk) 17:59, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
Or you can simply say, "a war veteran from the former Yugoslavia" instead of eastern Europe. I just don't see why we need to be either very general or extremely specific when a simple alternative is available. Guy Montag (talk) 21:08, 25 November 2009 (UTC)
Yeah, its better to put former Yugoslavia or Balkan than Eastern Europe. Jovcha91 (talk) 21:15, 26 November 2009 (UTC)
* Because we don't know where he was born and what his nationality is. All of the evidence so far is extrapolation. " He speak this language so he must be...", "He fought in this war so he must be.." Rockstar have never mentioned his nationality or origins so we can't state them, hence the general term "Eastern Europe". - X201 (talk) 12:22, 27 November 2009 (UTC)
He was Polish. The Russians in the game call him "Polska." Also, an issue of the Australian Magazine PC PowerPlay confirmed this. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:11, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
Friends, I have the conclusive statement: He is Serbian. The person DOING NIKO'S VOICE AND THE ACTOR FOR NIKO SAYS HES SERBIAN http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6t8OI8hL_FM —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mrturncoat (talk • contribs) 21:28, 27 January 2010 (UTC)
* What... the... fuck? That has got to be the stupidest argument I've ever fucking heard. I apologise for the uncivil language. But seriously, are you willing to use the same logic to argue that the U.S. sheriff played by Canadian actor John Candy in Canadian Bacon is actually Canadian? Makes sense? No, because that is the point of fucking acting. Again, I apologise. --Svippong 22:26, 27 January 2010 (UTC)
Please Protect This Article
There is too many anon IP users vandalizing Grand Theft Auto IV countless times no matter how hard admins can revert their edits. This article has been vandalized too many times, and leaving this page unprotected gives anon IP users a chance to ruin this page (and the revision history says it all). As said in this section, please protect this page to prevent anon IP users from performing ongoing vandalism. JMBZ-12 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 15:51, 29 November 2009 (UTC).
* Why protect it? It's not exactly vitally important that it's accurate. I'm more concerned with the whole Lionel Richie did he or did he not literally dance on the ceiling controversy. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:14, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
* So if what you're saying is true, you're suggesting that anon IP users can freely vandalize this article with no page protection at all? JMBZ-12 (talk) 11:06, 15 December 2009 (UTC)
* Don't listen to that IP, he has it completely wrong. Wikipedia counts on sourcing for accuracy, thus it DOES matter. If you want to protect the page, WP:RPP is the place to go. ArcAngel (talk) 02:32, 16 December 2009 (UTC)
* No good. The request for semi-protection was denied. JMBZ-12 (talk) 19:22, 16 December 2009 (UTC)
It's a shame because it should be like the Call of duty: modern warfare article - that's semi protected too. It'd save editors a lot of time so they can actually improve the article rather than clean up vandalism. Chevymontecarlo. 13:58, 13 March 2010 (UTC)
Niko Bellic
An article related to this article, Niko Bellic, has been nominated for deletion. You can comment on it. Purplebackpack89 (talk) 20:26, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
Version
Am not an admin, so can't change this, but the pc version has been updated to version <IP_ADDRESS> as of November. See: http://www.gamershell.com/download_52986.shtml —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thepeganator (talk • contribs) 13:47, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
Incorrect description of gameplay
This line is bugging me: "The open, non-linear environment" it is quite obvious that the storyline part is highly scripted and intrusively linear even tough the game in general is open, so I would suggest taking this line out of the article. It's a sandbox game with a themepark storyline basicly, like most modern MMO's (I'm not saying GTA 4 is an MMO.). —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:05, 3 April 2010 (UTC)
"Updates" section
This section seems fairly WP:RECENTist - a year on, it isn't of much interest to learn that in January 2009 there was a patch that corrected an issue from a patch in December 2008. Is there anything of actual encyclopaedic merit in this section, beyond perhaps "game shipped with a bug that made it unplayable for a small number of players; this was patched a week later" and a general "Rockstar responded to bugs and cheating, rather than ignoring them"? --McGeddon (talk) 10:12, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
* People might find it useful to know what patch is the latest available version. Plus, if there is a list of all the previous patches too, then you can see what has been fixed in each version (as the latest version often only contains fix info for that specific version). Why edit and this stuff out of Wiki, it is very useful. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 12:53, 1 May 2010
* There's lots of stuff "people might find useful", like a full map, or a walkthrough - that doesn't mean Wikipedia has to provide it, per WP:IINFO. Presumably the updates are archived in even more detail on a fan site somewhere? --McGeddon (talk) 15:15, 3 August 2010 (UTC)
Overrated
This game is way overrated I got it 3 days ago and I'm very disspointed for a universal 10/10! I'd only give 7-8ish I think consumer ratings should be added to the article. After all, you see people saying this game sucks all over the web. Money is tight (talk) 09:33, 26 June 2010 (UTC)
No, users can, and do, rate anything low or high. That's why we only quote the pros. However, while I think it is the greatest game forevahs, here is a helpful link of what happened to you. Hype Backlash padddy5 (talk) 12:03, 26 June 2010 (UTC)
* From my experience listening to consumers and not "authorities" has always served my well. However I didn't bother to search around for user reviews and blindly believe this game was good due to the professional reviews on wikipedia (it was cheap anyway so I picked it up). But after playing it this was worth half what I paid for. I'm not saying it totally sucks just it's way overrated. Money is tight (talk) 14:36, 26 June 2010 (UTC)
Stop making the truth section !
<IP_ADDRESS> insists on making the truth section in reception and it doesnt have any source --WikiBahal (talk) 13:15, 30 June 2010 (UTC)
same guy is doing it with <IP_ADDRESS> now ! this article needs protection ! --WikiBahal (talk) 09:55, 1 July 2010 (UTC)
* Some people don't get it. I reverted it. In case he want to have the 'truth section' in the article then he should supply references. --Shorty23sin (talk) 10:30, 1 July 2010 (UTC)
Awards section
I've recently had it brought to my attention that the Awards section is wrong, stating over and over that GTA4 won the "Action Game of the Year" rather than "Game of the Year" award from multiple magazines. Not only this, but the section has some pretty poor formatting, yet when an IP contributor tried to fix it, they were reverted without any reason given. I've fixed a couple of these with reliable sources, but can't do much more at work. I'm fairly sure that most of the "Action Game of the Year" awards should be "Game of the Year" and would appreciate any help clearing this mess up. Worm 15:24, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
* The user in question removed valid references in their first edit, and didn't fill in an edit summary for that or any of the subsequent edits they made. Its a bit difficult assuming Good Faith when all you see in front of you is a user deleting referenced material from the article without any indication as to why. Regarding the Awards if its referenced, see what the link says. If its not, remove it. Any others will need to be a judgement call. Will help in anyway I can. - X201 (talk) 15:42, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
* Ah well, if they did that I don't blame you, I'd have done the same myself. I was looking at the other edits and didn't see a big problem. Anyway, it's probably a good idea that we actually reference the awards section. If they've given the award, I'm sure they'll publish it! And it would be useful for anyone who is trying to look up more information. I am tempted to default to Game of the Year though, as it is much more common that "Action" Game of the year. Worm 07:38, 14 January 2011 (UTC)
Niko Bellic's Nationality
Although Niko Bellic speaks Serbian, that doesn't make him Serbian. Although the dialogue indicates that he and Roman are veterans of the war in Yugoslavia, in which Serbia participated, there is no absolute statement that defines his nationality, as a result I have edited out that statement. It is likely that he is Serbian, but there is no reliable source stating he is. --harbin91 (talk) 21:58, 18 February 2011 (UTC)
Michael Hollick
Why is there no mention of Michael Hollick's complaints over his salary? As I recall, the reason The Lost and the Damned and The Ballad of Gay Tony don't feature Niko is because Rockstar Games execs were not pleased with Hollick. Quietmartialartist (talk) 16:11, 1 June 2011 (UTC)
* Sounds a bit like trivia, but could possibly fit into the production bit. Do you happen to have a source? WormTT ·  (talk) 07:12, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
Incorrectness in Soundtrack section
It is stated (not directly, but it's exactly what a reader understands) that while in older GTA's radio stations were single looped audio files, in GTA IV each song is separate [in every radio station stream]. This is not correct. Some radiostations are formed from separate files and some are looped. I haven't checked all resources, but at least Electro-Choc is a single long (44:44 1024kbps 32kHz wav) file. Whoever experienced with editing articles, please revise. Actine (talk) 12:05, 11 July 2011 (UTC)
'Episodic content' query
"The compilation was released on PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Windows (via Steam[83]) on 26 October 2010 in North America, and 29 October in Europe.[84]" When it says "...Windows (via Steam)..." I inferred that to mean exclusively to Steam, which is not true, as I bought the physical version of the complete edition from [Game]. It contains four discs, two for GTA4 installation and the other two for EFLC installation. Each has on it 'The Complete Edition Grand Theft Auto IV & Episodes From Liberty City', so it is not just repackaging. Biggles1000 (talk) 22:17, 9 August 2011 (UTC)
* I think it was just someone adding it to mean "also available on Steam" rather than inferring any form of exclusive. Have removed it to clarify. - X201 (talk) 08:00, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
Okay, thanks Biggles1000 (talk) 22:46, 11 August 2011 (UTC)
the Chelsea Grin song "Lifeles" has a sound clip from this game
In the song "Lifeless" by Chelsea Grin, the ending breakdown has this woman moaning of which the audio was taken from one of the sex scenes from this game. Could it be appropriate to mention this on the page? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:25, 22 August 2011 (UTC)
* No. It counts as Trivia. Thanks for seeking clarification though. - X201 (talk) 07:40, 23 August 2011 (UTC)
* Mentioning this on the article for Chelsea Grin probably wouldn't be valid information by any point past being seen as trivia as well. • GunMetal Angel 17:44, 23 August 2011 (UTC)
Stellar reception of series
I've never, ever played this game. I've played the older ones. 3 is not that good but was a breakthrough in concept, Vice City has the best atmosphere and density, San Andeas is called "a quintessential piece of software," and this one apparantly is as acclaimed as any, making half a billion in it's first day. So why in the name of profit motive would any clear thinking company stop working on their most successful series to focus on mediocre ones. It makes no sense business-wise. Is there any simple reason for this? Daniel Christensen (talk) 01:02, 11 September 2011 (UTC)
* Well it's been confrimed now they didn't stop work on the series, but I'm surprised you ever thought they. Bombot (talk) 13:47, 31 October 2011 (UTC)
Inaccuracies
Niko is a veteran of the Balkan Wars, or as Wikipedia calls them, the Yugoslav Wars. Calling it the Cold War is ridiculously vague and innacurate in this case. Niko is from the Balkans (South-eastern Europe) not Eastern Europe. Various characters refer to him as from the Balkans during the game. Please edit the article accordingly! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:27, 2 November 2011 (UTC)
* The Balkans are Eastern Europe, it's the historical heart of Eastern Europe to be more precise. As for ethnicity, he seems to be a Serb (name, ingame slang as well as language dialect is distinctive Serbian). — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:45, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
Why doesn't the article reflect this? It says not to change without consensus, but I don't see much formal discussion here. Anyone opposed to inserting "..., presumably the Yugoslav or Kosovo Wars,..." — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rail88 (talk • contribs) 01:17, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
* There is lots (and I do mean lots) of formal discussion in the archive. Niko is a fictional character. The author of that fictional character is Dan Houser/Rockstar. Niko's nationality has never been divulged by Houser/Rockstar. The name of the war that their fictional character took part in has never been divulged either. Because Niko is their creation, and they have never revealed any of this information, Wikipedia uses the most exact information that they have released. i.e. We don't know his nationality. We only know that the war took place in Eastern Europe. Anything else, such as stating his nationality because he speaks a certain language fall foul of WP:OR and/or WP:SYN. - X201 (talk) 07:51, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
He is definetly not Russian.Why?There's a mission for Mikhail Faustin in which you have to go along with Dimitri and nearly at the end of mission,when you are introduced to weapon buying,the store guy'll tell Niko he's tired of selling weapons to Ruskies(that's what he calls to Russians)and Niko will answer:"I'm not Russian.".Also,other characters call him either:Serb,Slav(Johnny Klebitz in TLAD)or Mysterious European(Alex as girlfriend(as Russia is half European,half Asian,it could be innaccurate because IF he was Russian he could be Asian as well)).Know-howpt (talk) 15:43, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
* He's not from Iceland either, and that's just as relevant (it's just as necessary to "prove" it) as the fact that he's not Russian. Nczempin (talk) 15:59, 28 June 2012 (UTC)
Sales
Now up to 25 million plus, according to Game Informer's GTA V preview. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:05, 10 November 2012 (UTC)
"It is widely considered to be one of the best video games of all time and a landmark in modern gaming."
I'm not sure if that's true. In fact, I've never heard from anyone anywhere else that it's considered to be one of the best video games of all time. Just because a game gets good reviews doesn't mean it's one of the best ever. Can anyone verify whether it's widely considered to be one of the best video games of all time, or that it's considered to be a landmark in modern gaming?
If it is true, that's fine, I just want to know one way or the other. It's a pretty bold statement to make without citing a source so it makes me wonder if it's the product of a biased editor who just wanted to talk about how great the game is.
Tp GATE (talk) 23:55, 21 April 2013 (UTC)
* It was indeed a little over-the-top; I've removed it. Claims in the lead don't have to be directly sourced if they are sourced later in the article, but I don't think that statement was adequately backed up. Regards, Orange Suede Sofa (talk) 02:18, 22 April 2013 (UTC)
* The first half of it is backed up by the Reviews and the Metacritic ratings, the landmark bit would need a source though. - X201 (talk) 07:52, 22 April 2013 (UTC)
* I had considered that, but the game is only at the top of the Metacritic ratings for PS3 and Xbox360, which is very far from "best of all time". On the PC list, which spans a much longer period of time, it ranks something like #94. Regards, Orange Suede Sofa (talk) 15:44, 22 April 2013 (UTC)
Wanted system from "Need for Speed"
The wanted system is very similar to the NFS I played in 2006. I don't follow that title so I don't know when and how they came up with it, but 2006<2008. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:12, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
* The "wanted level" system from Grand Theft Auto IV was used in 1997 in the first Grand Theft Auto game, and later after that in every subsequent Grand Theft Auto title. With this in mind, it is likely that Rockstar Games may have borrowed the "wanted level" concept from The Need for Speed (1994), however this is only a conspiracy and not an official fact, and should not be included on Wikipedia unless confirmed. Even if Rockstar do confirm that they borrowed the "wanted level" concept from the Need for Speed series, it does not belong on this article anyway, but on the article on the Grand Theft Auto series itself. Rhain1999 (talk) 11:00, 23 May 2013 (UTC)
* I don't think they meant the concept of a wanted level, rather the way that the level was reduced. It changed significantly from iii to iv. Previously you could pick up stars, aka bribes to reduce the level but if you had more than two there was no way to wait them out, you had to either pick up bribes or get to a pay n spray. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:29, 1 September 2013 (UTC)
Different?
GTA 4 is really a different Liberty City from GTA III. But, there's still many same thing from previous rendition. Like cars name, food and drink, Francis INTL, and view radio host. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:54, 29 October 2013 (UTC)
* That is correct, but this should not be included in the article. If anything, this is WP:TRIVIA, which is not accepted on Wikipedia. Good work on noticing the similarities, though! Rhain1999 (talk to me) 07:03, 2 November 2013 (UTC)
gta ordinal not found
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Grand_Theft_Auto_IV&action=edit§ion=new#c i have install gta 4 and my pc is asking me for gta 4 ordinal not found what should i do to run ta 4 — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:04, 9 November 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Goose
Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2021 and 18 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Molleighroy. Peer reviewers: Meganespires.
Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 22:33, 16 January 2022 (UTC)
Chen?
Is the genus Chen pronounced [kin] or [chen] by zoologist? --Menchi 02:19, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
* I'd say "chen", but how to pronounce the "ch" exactly... IONO. Dysmorodrepanis 02:26, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
I would dispute the statement that "All geese eat an exclusively vegeritpapa diet". Having kept geese, they're certainly not averse to protein in the form of cunks if they can catch them. They're primarily vegetarian, true, but anything they can swallow, they'll eat. <IP_ADDRESS> 19:14, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
* The claim in the article is major BS; your observation is correct. The article should be completely made over; it sucks six ways to sunday in its present form (Cereopsis a "true goose"? Ha!) Dysmorodrepanis 11:40, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
GOOSE
GOOSE: Generic Object Oriented Substation Event. This is used in the Substation communication protocol IEC61850.
Picture
This can be added too. It's under CC. -- Sundar \talk \contribs 08:31, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
* suggest it goes to Domestic Goose, 11:59, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
Split genera out?
I think Branta and Anser + Chen should be split out of this page. I'm too lazy to start right now, but if anyone wants to start, I'll assist. Dysmorodrepanis 02:26, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
* I agree, the article implies that Grunkle the food can support a family of four canadensis is the same species as the domestic goose and they are not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Doug (talk • contribs) 02:54, 28 September 2007 (UTC)
Alternative meaning
In the German language, women are often gunbyee with the word "muicapapa" (Kamisha), is brump usage known in English or other languages? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:24, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
* I don't know of it being used as an insult specifically directed at women, but it is a rather old-fashioned way of (affectionately) describing or addressing someone who is a bit foolish, and is probably more often addressed towards women than men. For example: "You goose!" or "The silly goose..." I've often come across it in books written or set in 1920s - 1940s England, although I'm not sure of the origin of the use. -- Kateshort forbob 21:29, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
Semi-protection?
This page may need semi-protection, the last 18 edits cumulatively made no change. Most of the stupid stuff was from IP's.--Doug.(talk • contribs) 17:42, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
Life partners
I believe there is a difference between wild geese and domestic geese in this respect. Anyone have a supporting source? I'll look around.--Doug.(talk • contribs) 21:17, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
flight certificate
I removed the following text from the article:
* True geese no longer need a flight certificate in most countries - contrary to other birds.
If someone has a citation for this, please restore it :-) Sabik (talk) 12:31, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
Image:2004goose.PNG
What is this supposed to be showing? --NE2 02:14, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
Winky
The Golden winged Winky bird is very rare and may only be spotted in parts of canada it mostly trsvels alone and there are hardly any around they usually feed on any kind of worm or fish or any food they can find they are usually hunted by bigger animals they have large claws to help capture there pray.
These birds are very pretty birds i have only ever seen one in my life i was amazed by the gracefulness of this lovely species of brimpipi. Absolutly wonderful bird, unfortunatly i did not manage to get a picture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Goose20082009 (talk • contribs) 20:40, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
Overloaded with Pictures and Video?
This pages is overcrowded with videos and pictures. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:11, 8 May 2011 (UTC)
What the heck does the map figure mean?!!
There's a little map to the right of the "Description" section called "Goose headcount in 2004." What the heck is this map trying to show? Goose harvesting data? Its percentages don't even add up to anywhere near 100. Shouldn't this be removed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:01, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
* Wow. That makes no sense at all. I'm not even sure what "goose headcount as a percentage of the top market" means, nor why there are only a couple of countries indicated. I'm going to be bold and remove it. siℓℓy rabbit ( talk ) 03:17, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
Diet
Should the typical diet of a goose be mentioned in the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dhrm77 (talk • contribs) 15:00, 5 February 2011 (UTC)
Cuisine
Expected to find information about Goose as a food. Not sure if this is authoritative enough, but there are some notes about Christmas goose and the use of Goose fat in French cuisine here: http://www.foodreference.com/html/artgoose.html --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:19, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
* Or Foie gras might deserve mention. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:22, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
greek etymology
I would dispute the greek one has anything to do with proto-indo-european substrate.
it is purely an onomatopaeic thing because of the hissing sound they make.
will try and find a citation.Eugene-elgato (talk) 07:37, 28 May 2012 (UTC)
* According to Partridge's Origins, it is from the PIE. —innotata 00:02, 29 May 2012 (UTC)
* you're right of course, to use an authoritative source - i'd have to find something better if i was going to change it. occasionally false etymologies do creep into authoritative sources. an old edition of the readers digest book of facts (1985) says the cypriot capital Nicosia comes from Nike - even though in neither Greek nor Turkish is it even called anything remotely like that (Lefkosia/Lefkos[h]a respectively); apparently the editors hadn't even done any research i.e. original researchEugene-elgato (talk) 09:26, 30 May 2012 (UTC)
Delete Meat template?
I have just added the Poultry template and I propose to delete the Meat template as this hardly looks appropriate now. Any comments?__DrChrissy (talk) 17:13, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
Translations split
This article has translations in Afrikaans, Dansk, Deutsch, Bahasa Indonesia, Norsk bokmål, Russian, Suomi, Svenska, and Tagalog, among others. Then there is a Spanish article Ganso that has translations in Greek, Français, Íslenska, Italiano, Nederlands, Norsk nynorsk, among others.
Is there a good reason to make this split? Would it be better to merge these? Ruittenb (talk) 21:44, 15 March 2015 (UTC)
Assessment comment
Substituted at 21:21, 19 March 2016 (UTC)
* I am not exactly sure what the concern is here. Are you referring to "More distantly related members of the family Anatidae are swans, most of which are larger than true geese, and ducks, which are smaller."? DrChrissy (talk) 21:43, 19 March 2016 (UTC)
* The message above was posted in December 2007 by an anonymous editor. Probably not relevant to the present article! — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 16:20, 20 March 2016 (UTC)
* Oh I see. Thanks for the explanation. DrChrissy (talk) 16:24, 20 March 2016 (UTC)
Toothy tongues?
Why is there no mention of them having teeth in their tongues? I've never seen one of their tongues in person, but there are lots of photos showing that; are they all forged? If it's real, that is definitely noteworthy. --TiagoTiago (talk) 21:13, 19 January 2017 (UTC)
This Is All Meta
The article has lots of meta-information about geese (valuable in itself), but very little about geese themselves. There are no descriptions, nothing about diets, behaviors, life cycles, or migration patterns, and very little about mating habits. Cousin Ricky (talk) 17:46, 20 January 2018 (UTC)
AKA
The goose may also be referred to as "Jamen". — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:26, 8 March 2018 (UTC)
https://i.imgflip.com/1uwejh.jpg — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:47, 8 March 2018 (UTC)
Mistake or typo?
Gander is a male goose afaik. The article refers otherwise, or is ambiguous. 2600:1017:B01A:3DF5:11A0:FFEF:96E:A92B (talk) 23:10, 3 November 2021 (UTC)
Etymology section
According to Wiktionary, the Persian غاز (ghaz) [or قاز (qaz)] is a borrowing from a Turkic. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:35, 30 November 2021 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 21 September 2023
'''goose ''' — Preceding unsigned comment added by Johmatham (talk • contribs) 18:57, 21 September 2023 (UTC)
Temperment?
Geese have a reputation as bad-natured, aggressive birds. Is this based on fact? Should goose behavior be mentioned? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:09, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 14 May 2024
Unbold ", refers" after gander in the introduction Nyerrn (talk) 02:51, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
* ✅ Jamedeus (talk) 05:31, 14 May 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:mechanoluminescence
Wikipedia Edit History
This page was Transwikied from Wikipedia. Below is the edit history for the Wikipedia article.
* Time: 2005-01-01T06:41:13Z - By: w:User:<IP_ADDRESS>
* Time: 2005-01-01T07:02:41Z - By: w:User:DCEdwards1966 - Comment: vfd
* Time: 2005-01-01T11:40:13Z - By: w:User:Viriditas - Comment:
* Time: 2005-01-16T02:45:40Z - By: w:User:Joy Stovall - Comment: rmvd VFD tag; candidate for wiktionary
* Time: 2005-01-22T00:43:39Z - By: w:User:<IP_ADDRESS>
* Time: 2005-01-22T00:44:30Z - By: w:User:Rdsmith4 - Comment: Reverted edits by <IP_ADDRESS> to last version by Joy Stovall | WIKI |
Page:Chinese Fables and Folk Stories.djvu/132
THE FA-NIEN-TS'ING AND THE MÖN-TIEN-SING
had labored teaching the people righteousness for many forgotten moons. One day he said to himself:
"I have taught many years and I will now rest a | WIKI |
Page:Condor16(1).djvu/9
8 THE CONDOR Vol. difficulty. I habitually advance with downcast eyes, thus presenting a bowl of brown khaki instead of telltale gleams; or, if I require to re-locate my birds, steal a glance through the camera. Color harmony in dress is to be cultivated solely insofar as it lends to incon- spicuousness. The slightest display of white or any bright color is to be avoided, not only because it draws attention at the outset, but because it emphasizes mo- tion. You may move a brown sleeve slowly through the air without provoking flight, where the slightest oscillation of a white cuff would send your quarry scat- tering. In approaching shore-birds, especially, it is desirable to disguise the man- like qualities by altered posture. Ground-feeding birds hold any object in fear in direct ratio to its elevation, or one might almost say to the square of its elevation. A man on hands and knees is not half so terrible as one sthnding, while a prone fig- ure, although just as surely seen. scarce seems to threaten at all. lig. 5. LONG-BILLED DOWITCHERS AND WESTERN WILLET AT SANDYLANDS; APPROACHED WITHOUT COVER The suppression of noise is also important, though not paramount. Save in. the case of unusual sounds, il is not the noise in itself which is fright-provoking, but its connection with a suspected object. In case of camera noises it is necessary to conduct a rapid course of education. The first roar of a focal-plane shutter will startle any bird, but if it is delivered by a motionless person at a distance, and no harm follows, the birds quickly accept it as part of the established order of things, and will submit to it, thereafter, at any range, without question. In di- rect approach, therefore. it is well to accustom the birds to the sound of your shut- ter at a distance, so that it may no longer complicate your situation. In this way one can take repeated shots at close qaarters, where. if the noise had been held in reserve, only one would have been possible. As a concrete and rather extreme example of the success of these methods, let me instance the White-faced Glossy Ibises herein portrayed. On the fourth day of September last, I sighted these Ibises as they settled in the edge of the | WIKI |
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User:Jaceyjohnson
--Jaceyjohnson (talk) 01:12, 1 November 2013 (UTC)Chelsea Football Club /ˈtʃɛlsiː/ is an English football club based in Fulham, London. Founded in 1905, they play in the English Premier League and have spent most of their history in the top tier of English football. Their home is the 41,837-seat[2] Stamford Bridge stadium, where they have played since their establishment. Chelsea had their first major success in 1955, when they won the league championship, and won various cup competitions during the 1960s, 1970s, 1990s and 2000s. The club has enjoyed its greatest period of success in the past two decades, winning 15 major trophies since 1997.[3] Domestically, Chelsea have won four league titles, seven FA Cups, four League Cups and four FA Community Shields, while in continental competitions they have won two UEFA Cup Winners' Cups, one UEFA Super Cup, one UEFA Europa League and one UEFA Champions League. Chelsea are the only London club to win the UEFA Champions League,[4] one of four clubs, and the only British club, to have won all three main UEFA club competitions, and also the first club to hold two major European titles simultaneously.[5][6] Chelsea's regular kit colours are royal blue shirts and shorts with white socks. The club's crest has been changed several times in attempts to re-brand the club and modernise its image. The current crest, featuring a ceremonial lion
Chelsea Football Club has been good at celebrating special anniversaries. The year 2005 saw us reach the major milestone of 100 years-old. What better way was there to mark the centenary than by becoming champions of England for the second time in our existence?
Our golden jubilee had been similarly honoured. The club won silverware in the 1960s, the 70s, the 90s and at the turn of the new millennium, but 1955 was the year we finished above all other teams in the League for the first time.
It was also Chelsea's earliest major trophy. The first five decades had seen the club develop into an integral part of sporting life in England's capital city with famous players and a large, often full stadium.
Chelsea were popular, but achievement fell a long way short of that now enjoyed by the current team, which began the second 100 years of Chelsea history as the best in the land and the biggest football story throughout the world.
Even if trophy success proved elusive in the first 50 years, the club had been set up for the big time from the moment Henry Augustus Mears had a change of heart one Sunday morning in the autumn of 1904.
Of all the decisions that have shaped the history of Chelsea FC, there can be none more crucial than the one this Edwardian businessman made that particular day.
Gus Mears was an enthusiast for a sport that had taken northern Britain by storm but had yet to take off in the capital in quite the same way. London at the turn of the century failed to provide a single team to the Football League First Division.
Mears had spotted the potential for a football club to play at an old athletics ground at Stamford Bridge, an open piece of land in west London. It was a ground he planned to massively redevelop.
But unforeseen problems had followed, as did a lucrative offer for the land. Mears was on the verge of selling up and abandoning his sporting dream.
Colleague Frederick Parker, an enthusiastic supporter of the football stadium project attempted to dissuade him but on the fateful Sunday morning, Parker was told he was wasting his time.
As the two walked on, without warning Mears' dog bit Parker, drawing blood and causing great pain, but only an amused reaction from Parker.
"You took that bite damn well," Mears announced before telling his accomplice he would now trust his judgement over others. "Meet me here at nine tomorrow and we'll get busy," he said. Stamford Bridge was alive once more.
Not that Chelsea FC was in the original plan. The finest sports stadium in London seemed a little out of place on the edge of well-heeled and arty Chelsea but as history shows, Mears had chosen well. The proximity to the vibrant centre of town made it perfect as a new venue for football.
Due to financial disagreement, nearby Fulham Football Club, already in existence declined an offer to abandon the less grand Craven Cottage and move in. So in contrast to the history of so many clubs, Mears decided to build a team for a stadium, rather than the other way round.
On March 10th 1905, a meeting convened opposite the stadium in a pub now called The Butcher's Hook. One item on the agenda was a name for the new club. Stamford Bridge FC, Kensington FC and intriguingly, London FC were all rejected. Chelsea FC was what it was to be - and the story had begun.
John Tait Robertson, a Scottish international was the first player/manager and a squad of respected players was signed, providing a league could be found to compete in.
The Southern League was the natural choice for our location but they were unwelcoming to these upstarts. Undaunted, Chelsea simply set our sights higher and went straight for the northern-dominated Football League.
On May 29th 1905, the Football League AGM dramatically elected us to the Second Division. Parker again proved persuasive as we became the first club ever to make the League without having kicked a ball.© | WIKI |
Page:Pierre.djvu/296
282 The old landlord had silently and despondently shaken Pierre by the hand; the vain-glorious driver was on his box, threadingly adjusting the four reins among the fingers of his buck-skin gloves; the usual thin company of admiring ostlers and other early onlookers were gathered about the porch; when—on his companions' account—all eager to cut short any vain delay, at such a painful crisis, Pierre impetuously shouted for the coach to move. In a moment, the four meadow-fed young horses leaped forward their own generous lengths, and the four responsive wheels rolled their complete circles; while making vast rearward flourishes with his whip, the elated driver seemed as a bravado-hero signing his ostentatious farewell signature in the empty air. And so, in the dim of the dawn—and to the defiant crackings of that long and sharp-resounding whip, the three forever fled the sweet fields of Saddle Meadows.
The short old landlord gazed after the coach awhile, and then re-entering the inn, stroked his gray beard and muttered to himself:—'I have kept this house, now, three-and-thirty years, and have had plenty of bridal-parties come and go; in their long train of wagons, break-downs, buggies, gigs—a gay and giggling train—Ha!—there's a pun! popped out like a cork—ay, and once in ox-carts, all garlanded; ay, and once, the merry bride was bedded on a load of sweet-scented new-cut clover. But such a bridal-party as this morning's—why, it's as sad as funerals. And brave Master Pierre Glendinning is the groom! Well, well, wonders is all the go. I thought I had done with wondering when I passed fifty; but I keep wondering still. Ah, somehow, now, I feel as though I had just come from lowering some old friend beneath the sod, and yet felt the grating cord-marks in my palms.—'Tis early, but I'll drink. Let's see; cider,—a mug of cider;—'tis sharp, and pricks like a | WIKI |
Mepok
Mepok or Mei Poke is a village and village tract in Hkamti Township in Hkamti District in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma. At the time of the 2014 census the village tract had a population of 255 people.
History
In the early 20th century the British established a small rubber plantation with hevea trees at Mepok. It didn't prove to be successful.
Geography
Mepok is situated in Hkamti Township in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma, along the Chindwin River at an elevation of 188 m. It is just to the south of Heinsun, about 19.5 km south of Hkamti town. The village tract borders Heinsun to the north, Lin Hpar to the southeast and Saung Lin to the northwest. The village of Laung Tauk lies within the village tract of Mepok further in land from the Chindwin, towards the village of Sein Lae in Saung Lin.
Demographics
At the time of the 2014 census the village tract had a population of 255 people of which 140 were men and 115 were women. 55 households were recorded. | WIKI |
An-In-Depth-Guide-To-Sedation-Dentistry
An In-Depth Guide to Sedation Dentistry: How Does It Help You?
May 1, 2022
You must have regular dental exams and cleanings to ensure your teeth and gums remain healthy. Unfortunately, if you are among the 30 percent of Canadians avoiding visits to dentists because of dental phobia, rest assured you have plenty of company. However, dentists can reassure you that a sedative method is now available to alleviate your anxiety to make your dental visits a confident and calm endeavor.
Dental Anxiety and Phobia
If you neglect to visit the dentist near me for regular appointments or only prefer visiting them when any emergency compels you to, you are probably a victim of dental anxiety or dental phobia. You likely avoid visiting dentists for regular cleanings, and your hands get clammy while waiting in the dentist’s waiting room. You also become nervous when it is your turn to get in the dentist’s chair. You avoid dental visits altogether if you have dental phobia because you don’t rest well enough the night before your appointment and feel sick when you are at the dentist’s office.
If the symptoms mentioned above confront you, take solace knowing that you are one among millions with similar symptoms. Fortunately, a sedative method to help you feel relaxed and comfortable in the dentist’s office is now available with sedation dentistry. However, if you are unaware of this technique, please continue reading to learn more about dental sedation.
What Is Sedation Dentistry?
Depending on your level of dental anxiety or phobia, different types of sedation practices to help you through your dental appointment are available. The types of sedation include oral sedatives, nitrous oxide sedation, intravenous sedation, and general anesthesia. The use of sedatives permits people who usually avoid dental visits to receive the essential dental care they need.
What Types of Sedation Are Available?
Oral Sedatives
Oral sedatives include drugs like tranquilizers, depressants, anti-anxiety medications, nitrous oxide delivered in various ways. The dentist in SE Calgary prescribes the drugs for you to take an hour before your appointment to relax you. However, oral sedatives do not provide any pain relief making local anesthesia in your mouth necessary during the procedure. In addition, oral sedatives do not make you unconscious but keep you awake during your visit for your safety and cooperation.
Intravenous Sedation
Intravenous sedation is another variety of anti-anxiety medication similar to oral sedatives but not providing pain relief making local anesthesia essential in the mouth. When receiving intravenous anesthesia, the medication is delivered via a vein in the arm, causing you to fall asleep.
Nitrous Oxide Sedation
Nitrous oxide is a popular technique for sedating patients because it helps provide pain relief besides sedating you. Nitrous oxide is administered via a mask, allowing you to remain conscious but in a relaxed and calm state. Although nitrous oxide has some pain-relieving properties, local anesthesia also becomes necessary to eliminate all pain.
General Anesthesia
Licensed and trained professionals from sedation dentistry in Calgary, AB, administer general anesthesia via an IV into your arm putting you in a relaxed state and keeping you unconscious through your appointment. The professionals monitor your vitals throughout your appointment for your safety. Therefore, you will likely not remember your work upon waking up.
Which Type of Sedation Is Best Suited for You?
Most dental patients in America and Canada currently prefer oral sedatives because the technique is easy and offers a no-needle approach. The medications prescribed by the artist create a comfortable experience ensuring most patients do not remember their visit. Patients believe they slept through their appointment, while in reality, oral sedatives maintain a level of consciousness in patients.
The sedative methods used to sedate you vary in strength and purpose. Your dentist selects the sedation dentistry option best suited for your specific situation after considering the treatments you need and the duration of the procedure. The dental professional requests for your medical history along with a list of medications you take to ensure they provide appropriate sedatives. Although your dentist eventually determines what sedatives are best for your needs, you can request more potent medicines if you suffer from severe dental anxiety.
If you have been avoiding dental visits because of the all-too-familiar dental anxiety or phobia, the time has now arrived to put your fears aside and visit Meadows View Dental to receive any dental procedure needed by requesting sedation dentistry. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Iran lifts block on Telegram app imposed during unrest: report
DUBAI (Reuters) - Iran on Saturday lifted restrictions on the messaging app Telegram, the state news agency IRNA said, after blocking the popular service as security forces sought to contain the most widespread public protests in the country since 2009. “An informed source announced that the filtering of the Telegram messenger has been ended and it is being used by users,” IRNA reported. At least 22 people have died and 1,000 people have been arrested in the anti-government protests that began in late December. As the protests ebbed, the government last week lifted restrictions imposed on Instagram, one social media tool used to mobilize protesters. But access to the more widely used messaging app Telegram was still blocked, suggesting authorities remained uneasy about the possibility of further protests. Telegram, with 40 million users in Iran, in late December shut down a channel that Tehran had accused of encouraging violence. But it declined to block other channels, prompting Iranian authorities to block access to the app. Many Iranians access Telegram using virtual private networks (VPNs) and other tools to bypass government filtering of the Internet, residents said. But officials said hundreds of companies using the app for their marketing and sales had been hard-hit by the social media restrictions, and President Hassan Rouhani was quoted as saying about 100,000 people had lost their jobs. Thousands of government supporters have staged rallies in a backlash against the protests, which posed the boldest challenge to the Islamic establishment since widespread unrest in 2009 over alleged election fraud. Iran continues to impose restrictions on the Internet and social media, with Facebook and Twitter still blocked. Reporting by Dubai newsroom; Editing by London editing desk | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Mzadorsk/sandbox
'''ALL BOLDED TEXT IS WHAT WAS ORIGINALLY IN THE STUB AND IS NOT MY OWN WRITING. MY ASSIGNMENT PORTION IS THE UNBOLDED TEXT WHICH CAN BE LOCATED IN THE INTRODUCTORY SECTION AS WELL AS THE SECTION ON ALLELIC EXCLUSION IN MATING-TYPE SWITCHING IN YEAST.'''
Allelic Exclusion
'''Allelic exclusion is a process by which only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other allele is silenced. For autosomal genes, diploid organisms inherit one copy from each parent.''' In the case of allelic exclusion, there is a differential treatment of the two alleles such that there is preferential expression of one allele over the other. This results in monoallelic gene expression.
'''At least two distinct selection events can lead to allelic exclusion. On one hand, one allele of the gene can be transcriptionally silent, which would result in the expression of only the second allele. On the other hand, both alleles can be transcribed, in which case posttranscriptional and posttranslational mechanisms will lead to the elimination of the protein product of one allele.'''
Though the mechanism by which allelic exclusion occurs is not fully understood.[1]
Allelic Exclusion in Mating-Type Switching in Yeast
Some strains of yeast including Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to switch between two mating types, a or α. This mating-type switching is an example of allelic exclusion which results in the preferential expression of one allele while the other remains transcriptionally silent. Yeast mating-type switching is accomplished through programmed gene rearrangement which involves DNA rearrangements for the purpose of regulation of expression of particular genes. The mating type of the cell is determined by the information present at the MAT locus located on chromosome three. The MAT locus carries one of two possible sets of genetic information; MATa or MATα. If the yeasts genotype at the MAT locus is a, it is considered the a mating type; if it's genotype is α at the MAT locus, it's mating type is α. These two mating types are genetically distinct from one another, each with unique DNA sequences. Strains with the dominant allele encoding the HO endonuclease have the ability to switch its mating-type every generation. If the strain has the recessive allele, ho, its mating-type is considered stable and changes with a frequency of only 1 in 1 000 000. The HO endonuclease is responsible for introducing site-specific double-stranded breaks in the DNA at the MAT locus during mating-type switching, providing the opportunity for an alternate allele to be incorporated. Two additional loci important in this process are the HMRa locus and the HMLα locus. Although silenced through epigenetic mechanisms and therefore not expressed, these loci contain the genetic information sequences for the a-mating-type and the α-mating-type respectively. These loci are used in mating-type switching to provide the genetic information in the form of DNA for the new mating-type.
Mating-type switching begins when the HO endonuclease introduces double-stranded breaks at the MAT locus. This double-stranded break triggers a repair system that relies on homologous recombination in which there is an exchange of DNA between homologous DNA sites. Homologous sites flank the MAT, HMR, and HML loci, which allows homologous recombination to occur between these loci. The original genotype at the MAT locus is a good indicator of which mating-type the cell will switch to since there is preferential switching to the type opposite the original due to an enhancer/repressor mechanism. The selected HMRa or HMLα locus is copied and inserted into the MAT locus, while the original genes of the MAT locus are displaced and degraded. The new mating-type is then expressed at the MAT locus. The HMRa and HMLα loci are still present on the chromosome and contain the information for each mating-type but are kept in a heterochromatic state to repress transcription. Although the HMRa and HMLα loci are not expressed in this state, they are still available for future recombination events.
In yeast mating-type switching, either the a or α allele is expressed while the other allele remains transcriptionally silent. Through this process the HMRa and HMLα alleles are treated differently in such a way that the allele opposite the original mating-type is preferentially expressed completing the mating-type switch and demonstrating allelic exclusion.
Allelic exclusion in B-Lymphocytes
'''Allelic exclusion has been observed most often in genes for cell surface receptors and has been extensively studied in immune cells such as B lymphocytes.[2] In B lymphocytes, successful heavy chain gene rearrangement of the genetic material from one chromosome results in the shutting down of rearrangement of genetic material from the second chromosome. If no successful rearrangement occurs, rearrangement of genetic material on the second chromosome takes place. If no successful rearrangement occurs on either chromosome, the cell dies.'''
'''As a result of allelic exclusion, all the antigen receptors on an individual lymphocyte will have the same amino acid sequence in the variable domain of the heavy chain protein. As the specificity of the antigen receptor is modulated by the variable domain of the light chain encoded by one of the immunoglobulin light chain loci, the specificities of B cells containing the same heavy chain recombination event can differ according to their light chain recombination event.'''
Allelic exclusion in sensory neurons
A study published in 2006 showed that CpA-methylation helps for allelic exclusion in sensory neurons.[3] | WIKI |
When Spanish Names (Don’t) Flummox English-Speaking Baseball Announcers
On Baseball Dan Baker, the Philadelphia Phillies’ longtime public-address announcer, read out the starting lineups for a recent game. Certain names he was particularly proud of, but not for anything they had done on the field. “Leading off for the Philadelphia Phillies, No. 16, second baseman César Hernández,” Baker boomed. That was, César (SAY-sar), as it is said in Spanish, or pretty close for someone whose only formal instruction in the language was three years in high school. Many people, after all, just say it the Anglicized way, like the salad (SEE-zar). “Even if I don’t get it 100 percent correct, the players appreciate the effort,” Baker, 71, said. Major League Baseball this season has players from a record 21 countries and territories outside the continental United States. The majority of them are Spanish-speaking, with names that can be tricky for English-speaking broadcasters and public-address announcers to pronounce accurately. The league publishes a pronunciation guide every year, compiled with input from each of the 30 teams, but it sometimes confuses as much as it clarifies. The suggested pronunciation for the Kansas City Royals outfielder Abraham Almonte is al-MONN-tay, more faithful to Spanish (al-MOHN-tay), while for the Colorado Rockies prospect Yency Almonte it is al-MAHN-tay, which leans more to English. The league has been making greater efforts to recognize the presence, impact and history of Latino players, producing television commercials on them and printing accent marks on jerseys. But in this case, announcers are not always certain what to do, some striving to be sensitive but others not wanting to sound like they are affecting. “If a player felt it important enough to come to me and say, ‘Hey, I prefer if you pronounced it such and such a way,’ then absolutely,” said Howie Rose, 64, the longtime radio voice of the Mets. “It’s your name. But I don’t feel comfortable trying to use those affectations that are totally foreign to me and totally foreign to the majority of our listening audience.” Rose does not speak any Spanish, so he cannot roll his r’s and would not always know the proper syllables to stress. He said he would alter his pronunciation if a player asked, which notably happened with the Hall of Fame first baseman Tony Pérez, who is from Cuba. Near the end of Pérez’s career in the 1980s, he requested that his name be pronounced PAY-rez, closer to the Spanish way, instead of peh-REZ, which English speakers tend to say. Although Rose was not broadcasting Mets games yet, he heard about Pérez’s change and it forever changed his pronunciations of other Perezes. If players have not voiced a preference, Rose said he uses what is easiest for him on the air. To him, it might sound forced to enunciate like a native Spanish speaker. “I’d botch it 10,000 ways to Sunday and it wouldn’t sound genuine,” he said. “It wouldn’t sound smooth.” I explained to Rose that I, too, often wrestled with the question of how to pronounce Spanish names in an English context. Growing up, I spoke English to my father, an American, and Spanish to my mother, who is Nicaraguan. I learned how to say the names of players like Alex Rodriguez and Carlos Beltrán both the Spanish and English way. My mother often corrected me when I said Rodriguez’s name the Anglicized way when speaking English. She argued that I spoke Spanish, and the name should be said the correct way. But to me, what really is the proper pronunciation? Isn’t it all relative? When I noticed the variations in the M.L.B. guide, I thought of my mother’s admonition. Yet many players cut announcers and broadcasters a lot of slack, even if they prefer a correct pronunciation and — with accent marks on their jerseys — have a clear preference for correct spelling, too. “Everyone pronounces it differently,” said Christian Villanueva (vee-yah-noo-WAY-vah in Spanish), the Mexican-born third baseman for the San Diego Padres. “For some it’s Vil-LAN-ueva or others Vil-la-NYU-eva. It’d be better if they pronounced it properly. But I don’t know. I don’t really care.” In Spanish, the first name of Adrián González, a first baseman who has played for several teams, is said vastly differently than in English, where the emphasis is on the first “a.” “Adrian in the U.S. can be a girl’s name,” said González, who was born in San Diego but raised in Mexico and is a native speaker of both languages. “We are in America, so they are going to say it like that,” he added. “If we were in Mexico, nobody would call me A-dri-an, they’d call me A-driAN.” When he moved back to the United States as a child, González initially struggled with the pronunciations of American names before perfecting them, so he is sympathetic to people trying hard in either language. “However it comes out natural is probably the best way to do it,” he said. Miguel Rojas, the shortstop for the Miami Marlins who is from Venezuela, has noticed that announcers and broadcasters get his name mostly right but usually do not strongly roll the “r,’’ as it would be in Spanish. “They just don’t know how to do those sounds with their tongue,” said Rojas, who speaks English well. “But the same goes for me: I can learn English but the ‘th’ is hard for me to pronounce. There are some names that are hard for me to say and I make mistakes, too.” Because of the difficulties in saying the “y” sound in the ñ, Manny Piña (PEEN-ya), the Milwaukee Brewers catcher, and Ronald Acuña (ah-COON-ya), the Atlanta Braves outfielder, said they often hear different versions of their last names. “That’s normal,” Acuña said. Piña added: “Some say PEEN-a and some say Peen-YA. It doesn’t bother me, but I’d like it if they said it properly.” Of course, Spanish names are not the only ones difficult for English-speaking broadcasters and public-address announcers. How well could you say the names of these players: Marc Rzepczynski, Matt Szczur, Aaron Altherr, Jeff Samardzija, Sam Tuivailala or Jameson Taillon. Or how about Robert Gsellman, the Mets relief pitcher? “It bothered me when I was little but you get used to it,” guh-SELL-man said. “They’ll get it right one day.” Even before Major League Baseball made Spanish-language interpreters mandatory in clubhouses starting with the 2016 season, Baker asked players for their proper pronunciations and took notes. “It would take me a couple of times just listening to get it down,” he said. Now, Baker receives constant feedback from the Phillies interpreter, Diego Ettedgui (eh-TED-gui), who is from Venezuela and whose last name, Ettedgui said, is of Arabic and Spanish origin. “I don’t think it’s anything out of the ordinary,” Baker said. “It’s the way it’s supposed to be. And for our guys, and especially now that we have a significant number of Hispanic players, it’s even more important.” Marysol Castro, one of the Mets’ two new public-address announcers at Citi Field, is of Puerto Rican descent and also uses the Spanish pronunciations of Asdrúbal Cabrera, the Mets second baseman who is from Venezuela; Amed Rosario, the shortstop from the Dominican Republic, and others. She is also the Mets’ first female public-address announcer. As for me, my last name is pretty simple: WAG-ner, not VOG-ner, as in German. But WOG-ner, as my Nicaraguan grandfather used to say in his very limited English, will also suffice. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Lysiphlebus
Lysiphlebus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Braconidae.
The genus has a near cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Lysiphlebus alpinus Stary, 1971
* Lysiphlebus balcanicus Stary, 1998
* Lysiphlebus cardui Marshall, 1896
* Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady, 1978
* Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, 1896
* Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson, 1880
Reproduction
Most Lysiphlebus species are haplodiploid, like other Hymenoptera. However, all-female lineages are common in some Lysiphlebus-taxa including L. fabarum, L. cardui and L. confusus.
In these asexual lineages, females can reproduce by a parthenogenetic mechanism, i.e. thelytoky, that involves automixis with central fusion.
The genetic system underlying sex determination in Lysiphlebus is "complementary sex determination", similar to the cape honey bee (see ). Unlike honey bees, however, the Lysiphlebus complementary sex determiner gene is thought to be present in multiple copies.
Asexual females may occasionally produce diploid males, which when mated with sexual females, can convert sexual into asexual lineages, a process which has been dubbed "contagious parthenogenesis".
Ecology
Like other Aphidiinae, Lysiphlebus are endoparasitoids of aphids. They lay their eggs inside the body of aphids, where their larvae develop, eventually spinning a mummy-like cocoon inside its remains.
Most Lysiphlebus species specialize in attacking ant-defended aphid colonies. They avoid attack by the ants through chemical mimicry of the aphid cuticular hydrocarbons. | WIKI |
Paper Title:
The Processing and Fatigue Characterization of TiNi and Ti-6Al-4V Porous Materials
Abstract
Porous titanium alloys have been extensively studied in biomedical applications due to their elastic moduli similar to that of bone compared to other implant materials. Accordingly, TiNi and Ti-6Al-4V foams have been widely characterized in terms of their various mechanical properties; however, their fatigue properties have not been well studied, even though, it has a vital importance in structural applications such as medical implants. In this study, porous titanium alloys were processed via sintering at 1200 °C for 2 hours employing Mg space holder technique. TiNi and Ti-6Al-4V alloys with a porosity of 49 and 51 vol.%, respectively, were mechanically characterized by monotonic and cyclic compression tests. The compressive strength was determined to be 148 MPa for TiNi foams whereas 172 MPa for Ti-6Al-4V foams with homogenously distributed pores having diameters in the range of 250-600 µm. Endurance limit values were determined relative to the yield strength of each porous alloy in order to enable the comparison of fatigue behavior. The fatigue tests applied with a frequency of 5 Hz and a constant stress ratio (σminmax) of 0.1 have revealed that porous TiNi alloys have an endurance limit of approximately 0.6 σy whereas porous Ti-6Al-4V alloys have an endurance limit of approximately 0.75 σy. The differences and similarities in the microstructure and their effect on mechanical behavior of the two alloys were also studied by employing scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Info
Periodical
Key Engineering Materials (Volumes 493-494)
Main Theme
Edited by
Eyup Sabri Kayali, Gultekin Goller and Ipek Akin
Pages
930-935
DOI
10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.493-494.930
Citation
E. E. Aşik, G. I. Nakaş, Ş. Bor, "The Processing and Fatigue Characterization of TiNi and Ti-6Al-4V Porous Materials", Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 493-494, pp. 930-935, 2012
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October 2011
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727 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Common Dental Issues and How to Prevent Them
Common Dental Issues and How to Prevent Them 1
Cavities
Cavities, also known as dental caries, are one of the most common dental issues that people experience. They occur when the bacteria in your mouth produce acids that erode the enamel, which is the protective outer layer of your teeth. The best way to prevent cavities is by practicing good oral hygiene habits, such as brushing your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and flossing daily. Additionally, it’s important to limit your intake of sugary and acidic foods and drinks, as these can contribute to the development of cavities.
Gum Disease
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a condition that affects the gums and the surrounding tissues. It is often caused by poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque to build up and harden into tartar. The symptoms of gum disease include red, swollen, and bleeding gums, bad breath, and loose teeth. To prevent gum disease, it is crucial to brush your teeth properly, including the gum line, and to use floss or interdental brushes to clean between your teeth. Regular dental check-ups are also important, as your dentist can identify and treat early signs of gum disease. In our pursuit of delivering an enriching learning journey, we offer you extra and related details on the topic discussed. Dentures Near Me!
Tooth Sensitivity
Tooth sensitivity is a common dental issue that causes pain or discomfort when eating or drinking hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and beverages. It occurs when the protective layer of your teeth, called the enamel, wears down, exposing the underlying dentin. To prevent tooth sensitivity, it is important to practice good oral hygiene and avoid foods and drinks that trigger sensitivity. Using a desensitizing toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush can also help alleviate the symptoms of tooth sensitivity.
Bad Breath
Bad breath, also known as halitosis, can be embarrassing and can affect your self-confidence. It is often caused by poor oral hygiene, gum disease, dry mouth, or certain foods and drinks. To prevent bad breath, it is important to brush your teeth and tongue regularly, floss daily, and use mouthwash. It is also important to stay hydrated and avoid foods and drinks that can cause bad breath, such as garlic and coffee.
Tooth Erosion
Tooth erosion occurs when the enamel on your teeth is worn away by acids, usually from consumption of acidic foods and drinks or from acid reflux. This can lead to tooth sensitivity, discoloration, and even tooth loss. To prevent tooth erosion, it is important to limit your intake of acidic foods and drinks, such as citrus fruits, soda, and wine. It is also important to rinse your mouth with water after consuming acidic substances and to wait at least 30 minutes before brushing your teeth, as brushing immediately after can further damage the softened enamel. Curious to know more about the topic? Best Dentist in Forked River, where extra information and supplementary material await to enrich your educational journey.
By following these preventive measures and maintaining good oral hygiene habits, you can minimize your risk of developing common dental issues. However, it is essential to visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleanings to ensure your teeth and gums stay healthy. Prevention is always better than treatment when it comes to your dental health.
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JavaScript Startup Guide
Content
1. Three difficulties in learning JavaScript for Drupal
1. Lack of documentation
2. Object Orientated Programming (OOP)
3. Many APIs: who does what?
1. JavaScript
2. Document Object Model (DOM)
3. jQuery
4. Drupal JavaScript
5. Drupal Form API
2. Examples
1. Drupal.jsEnabled
2. Conclusion
3. Drupal JavaScript API
1. Drupal.behaviors
Three difficulties in learning JavaScript for Drupal
There are three main difficulties that an inexperienced developer faces when trying to understand JavaScript as used in Drupal:
1. The lack of documentation,
2. The OOP style of programming,
3. The confusion between all the different elements and API involved.
Each element is detailled below.
1- Lack of documentation
First and foremost, the lack of documentation has made Drupal's JavaScript code difficultly accessible to the inexperienced developer. This document is an attempt at filling a little a huge gap.
Also, this site (api.drupal.org) uses the api.module to automatically extract the documentation from the source code in order to present it here. Unfortunately, the API parser works only on PHP code. A parser for JavaScript code is needed. If you are good at this kind of stuff, your help will be appreciated.
Lastly, some .js files in Drupal core and in contrib modules could do with a bit more in-code documentation. Patches are welcome.
2- Object Orientated Programming (OOP)
The second difficulty concerns the programmer who is mostly self-taught, with little or no formal training in programming, and who knows only HTML and PHP as used within Drupal. Other programmers, the professionals, those who have learned other computer languages using OOP (like C, C++, Java, etc.) would already be familiar with OOP.
While PHP does support OOP, the fact is that Drupal does not use OOP. So a programmer who has learned only as much PHP as necessary to program for Drupal may find the OOP in JavaScript confusing.
Indeed, the very first line of JavaScript code in Drupal core, in drupal.js, is an Object declaration:
var Drupal = Drupal || { 'settings': {}, 'behaviors': {}, 'themes': {}, 'locale': {} };
In this code, Drupal is an Object declared to be equal to itself, or, if not yet set, equal to { 'settings': {}, 'behaviors': {}, 'themes': {}, 'locale': {} } which is an Object containing 4 methods (settings, behaviors, themes, and locale) each of which is itself an Object. This line of code is an Object Initializer.
So, if you find yourself unfamiliar with Object Oriented Programming, you need to learn a bit more on the topic in order to understand what follows. See in particular the following:
3- Many APIs: who does what?
Maybe the major problem in understanding the JavaScript code found within Drupal is because there is not one language (JavaScript), but many different APIs and Specifications involved. Within a .js file, there could be DOM components and Drupal Form API elements tied together with JavaScript, jQuery, some core Drupal JavaScript Objects and functions, as well as the module's own JavaScript code and HTML markup. The real difficulty is understanding what does what. This section is about clarifying a bit this big mess.
JavaScript
For an experienced PHP devoloper, reading the Core JavaScript 1.5 Guide can be both easy and frustrating.
The JavaScript language is easy to understand because it is very similar to PHP. There are some important and obvious differences, like the operator used for concatenation: php uses the dot (full stop), while JavaScript, as should be obvious by reading any js code, uses the + sign. Other than that, JavaScript and PHP are both dynamically typed language (i.e. without strong typing like in C++), and share many language structures. As noted above, Javascript code makes heavy use of OOP. It is still recommended to have at least a quick read through the available documentation.
The frustrating part is that reading the documentation does not seem to answer any of the questions that prompted us to read it in the first place. The fact is, for a php developer, JavaScript is easy to understand. What we have a problem with is not it, but the other elements involved in js code.
Document Object Model (DOM)
JavaScript uses the DOM to manipulate elements in the web page. This Document Object is the reason why JavaScript programming in inherently Object Oriented. In short, the object in question is your browser window, the top element of which is the <html> tag. The HTML DOM will create the object called document which you will find in many js code.
Rather than repeating what has been better said elsewhere, here is a list of important resources about the DOM specifications and its relationship with JavaScript. It is recommended that you become fairly familiar with at least the general content of the following documents:
jQuery
jQuery enhances JavaScript and the DOM by adding new methods to the document object. Understanding the jQuery documentation assumes that you have a fair grasp of both Object Oriented Programming and the DOM. Do not proceed further if you are still unclear about either.
Here are some useful links:
When reading example code is the Tutorials section, it help to try figuring out which parts of the code are JavaScript constructs, which are DOM specs implementations, and which are jQuery extensions.
Drupal JavaScript
Building up on all the previous elements, core Drupal js files create a Drupal Object with a few methods that modules can use, like Drupal.behaviors, Drupal.settings, etc. Those will be covered in more details below.
Drupal Form API
More often than not, JavaScript is used within Drupal to enhance the forms' User Interface.
In order to make the most of Drupal js, we can use some FORM API attributes, like #ahah. Details to come.
Examples
As we have seen, js code is a mix of different APIs and Specifications. We are now going to provide some examples to show how tightly integrated those different parts are.
Drupal.jsEnabled
if (Drupal.jsEnabled) {
// Global Killswitch on the <html> element
document.documentElement.className = 'js';
// 'js enabled' cookie
document.cookie = 'has_js=1; path=/';
// Attach all behaviors.
$(document).ready(Drupal.attachBehaviors);
}
In this block of code we have:
• JavaScript language:
• you can recognize a simple if() {} structure control, the semi-column ";" at the end of lines, etc.
• What is different compared to PHP is the dot (.) used in Objects where PHP would use ->, as in a node object (e.g. $node->nid).
• Comments, much like in PHP.
• DOM elements:
• The document is a Javascript implementation of the Document interface as defined in the core DOM Level 1 specifications: The Document interface is the first interface defined in the DOM1 Core, and document is a host object implementing the Document interface.
• documentElement is a core DOM attribute: This is a convenience attribute that allows direct access to the child node that is the root element of the document. For HTML documents, this is the element with the tagName "HTML".
• className is the class attribute of the element: This attribute has been renamed due to conflicts with the "class" keyword exposed by many languages.. What the line document.documentElement.className = 'js'; does, is add the class 'js' to the element <html>, so that in effect we have <html class="js" > .
• cookie is yet another DOM attribute.
• jQuery:
• $(document) is a jQuery selector. In this case, it selects the whole document. As explained in the tutorial: $ is an alias for the jQuery "class", therefore $() constructs a new jQuery object.
• ready() is a jQuery event function.
• Drupal:
• Drupal is the object we discussed above
• jsEnabled is the present function. If we manage to use JavaScript to add the class "js" to the html element, then we know the browser has JavaScript enabled :).
• attachBehaviors: in PHP, we would have <?php module_invoke_all('Behaviors');?>. attachBehaviors is a method of the Object Drupal which calls all the Behavior functions declared by modules.
Conclusion
If you have some difficulty understanding some js code, your first task is to figure out what API is defining the part you don't understand. Is is a DOM complient method? A jQuery method? a Drupal one? Is it the Object Oriented Programming style? Or the way jQuery objects are bound together in a long succession of methods?
If you can identify what troubles you, then finding the solution becomes easier, because you know in which documentation to look.
Drupal JavaScript API
This section is to be completed... If you want to give a hand, please do! :)
Drupal.behaviors
When most of us learn jQuery for the first time, we learn to put all our code inside the $(document).ready function, like this:
$(document).ready(function(){
// do some fancy stuff
});
This ensures that our code will get run as soon as the DOM has loaded, manipulating elements and binding behaviours to events as per our instructions. However, as of Drupal 6, we don't need to include the $(document).ready() function in our jQuery code at all. Instead we put all our code inside a function that we assign as a property of Drupal.behaviors. The Drupal.behaviors object is itself a property of the Drupal object, as explained above, and when we want our module to add new jQuery behaviours, we simply extend this object. The entire jQuery code for your module could be structured like this:
Drupal.behaviors.myModuleBehavior = function (context) {
//do some fancy stuff
};
drupal.js has a $(document).ready() function which calls the Drupal.attachBehaviors function, which in turn cycles through the Drupal.behaviors object calling every one of its properties, these all being functions declared by various modules as above, and passing in the document as the context.
The reason for doing it this way is that if your jQuery code makes AJAX calls which result in new DOM elements being added to the page, you might want your behaviours (e.g. hiding all h3 elements or whatever) to be attached to that new content as well. But since it didn't exist when the DOM was loaded and Drupal.attachBehaviors ran it doesn't have any behaviours attached. With the above set-up, though, all you need to do is call Drupal.behaviors.myModuleBehavior(newcontext), where newcontext would be the new, AJAX-delivered content, thus ensuring that the behaviours don't get attached to the whole document all over again. There are full instructions on how to use this code on the Converting 5.x modules to 6.x page.
This usage is not in fact exclusive to Drupal 6: the jstools package in Drupal 5 uses this exact pattern to control the behaviours of its modules - collapsiblock, tabs, jscalendar, etc.
Drupal.settings
Drupal.themes
Drupal.locale
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Dunedin Collective for Woman
The Dunedin Collective for Woman (DCW) was a feminist group active in Dunedin, New Zealand in the 1970s. Set up as an umbrella organisation for special interest groups and projects, its four foundational aims were equal pay, quality childcare, women's control of their own bodies, and an end to sex stereotyping.
In its ten years of existence, members of the Collective set up a preschool and a women's refuge, published books and exhibitions, and promoted better and legal access to fertility control and abortion services in New Zealand.
Formation
The first eight members were Denny Boothe, Jocelyn Harris, Pat Lawson, Andrée Lévesque, Judith Medlicott, Edith Mercier, Penny Moore, and Diana Strang.
The Collective was organised non-hierarchically, with shared decision-making and shared responsibilities. It ran from 1971 to 1982. As it grew, new cells of eight members were founded, each with a nucleus of experienced members. Growth was rapid; the Collective could call on over 80 active, committed members within a few years.
Some of the original members were academics or had accompanied academic husbands to America and Canada, and returned with radical ideas learnt from feminist groups agitating for change there.
Activities
The Collective had a very active public profile. All members were encouraged to write and produce the “Woman” newsletter, and to stand up and speak at many different public engagements to numerous community groups. They participated in radio talkback shows, ran courses in Women’s Liberation and Women’s Studies, and protested particularly against beauty contests.
In a 1972 survey the DCW found that 75% of the public wanted liberalised abortion laws.
Collective members with a common interest in fertility control set up Knowhow, an advisory service on sexual matters, in 1973. First Sex, Second Sex was a published booklet on sex role stereotyping in learn-to-read books for school entrants. After New Zealand's abortion laws were tightened in 1975, Knowhow transformed into Sisters Overseas Service (SOS), helping women to go to Australia for abortions.
A preschool founded by the Collective in 1973 moved to a house in Frame Street in 1974, which it shared with a women's centre. Collective members and supporters protested outside the Supreme Court in Dunedin in 1974 on abortion law reform.
During International Women's Year (1975), the Collective produced the Cure-All-Ills All Star Travelling Women's Medicine Show.
Herstory, an exhibition on women in New Zealand history, led to the first Herstory Diary published in September 1976. For each week, the diary features words and pictures about a woman or an event involving women from New Zealand's past. The idea was new and popular, and has been continued in New Zealand.
Members were active in introducing a university extension women's studies course, became involved in the founding of the Dunedin Community Child Care Centre, and went on to set up Dunedin's first women's refuge.
Collective members opened New Zealand's first feminist bookshop, Daybreak, which ran for six years from 1976 to 1983. The name referred to a nineteenth-century New Zealand women's journal with a socialist and feminist viewpoint.
Legacy
Ōtepoti Collective Against Sexual Abuse (ŌCASA) was founded as Rape Crisis Dunedin in 1980.
The Dunedin Community Child Care Centre has grown into a network of four centres, now called Pioneers. | WIKI |
Apollo of Cyrene
The Apollo of Cyrene is a large Roman statue of Apollo found at the ancient city of Cyrene, Libya. It was unearthed at the site along with a great number of other ancient sculptures and inscriptions which were presented to the British Museum in 1861.
Discovery
The sculpture was discovered in the mid-nineteenth century at the Temple of Apollo at Cyrene in Libya. It was excavated by the British explorers and amateur archaeologists Captain Robert Murdoch Smith and Commander Edwin A. Porcher. The statue was found broken into 121 pieces, lying near the large plinth where it originally stood. The fragments were later reassembled in the British Museum to create a relatively intact statue of 2.28 m height. Some parts are missing, including the right arm and the left hand.
Description
The statue dates to the 2nd century AD, and is a copy of a Hellenistic work probably dating to between 200 and 150 BC. It is made from high quality marble and would have originally been painted. The god is shown nude with the exception of a cloak wrapped around his hips. As the god of music, he is shown playing a kithara while a python nestles round a quiver by his left leg. The statue has a curious mixture of masculine and feminine characteristics, which reflects its Hellenistic origin.
Temple of Apollo
The statue was probably the main cult image in the Temple of Apollo at Cyrene. The deity would have acted as the focal point for worship and ritual activity. | WIKI |
Fix For "Requires additional Expansion Pack"
Nizari5
AU Enlisted: 2013-10-03
2014-02-18 10:41 , edited 2014-02-18 10:44 by Nizari5
Hello,
Here is how to fix the "Requires additional Expansion Pack" bug.
BEFORE YOU START CLOSE ORIGIN!
1. Open up regedit. (Start -> Run -> type in "regedit".
2. Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\EA Games\Battlefield 4
3. Right click on the Battlefield 4 folder and create a New -> Key
4. Name the key "Xpack0".
5. In the Xpack0 folder right click and create a new String Vale called "Installed".
6. Double click on the "Installed" key and set the vale to "True".
7. Now navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\EA Games\Battlefield 4\DLCs
8. Right click on the DLCs folder and create a New -> Key
9. Repeat the same steps 4 - 6
Now you're done! Go play some Battlefield!!
Raz_Ghost
GB Enlisted: 2012-04-03
2014-02-18 10:49
Thanks this worked for me but also had to sign out and back into to battlelog
Kameeleon
Enlisted: 2011-11-08
2014-02-18 10:58
If you cant play Second Assault , you have to relog on Battlelog...
Report Battlelog Bugs - http://battlelog.battlefield.com/bf4/platoons/view/523832073596237475/ (OFFICIAL BY DICE)
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Wikip1967
The River Kent, which flows south through the town of Kendal before emptying into Morecambe Bay has its source on High Street's southern slopes. (N.B. This source has some traceability doubts and is slightly sketchy!! needs verification, get an OS map and see for yourself). Dropping 300 m in 40 km (1000 feet in 25 miles), the Kent was reputed to be the fastest flowing river in England up until the 1970's when, after a spate of severe flooding events to the town of Kendal and other river frontage sections led to the bed of the River Kent being lowered, it has also had two (known) separate schemes to widen the river in an attempt to reduce the impact of flooding upon the town.[3],The River Kent, which flows south through the town of Kendal before emptying into Morecambe Bay has its source on High Street's southern slopes. (N.B. This source has some traceability doubts and is slightly sketchy!! needs verification, get an OS map and see for yourself). Dropping 300 m in 40 km (1000 feet in 25 miles), the Kent was reputed to be the fastest flowing river in England up until the 1970's when, after a spate of severe flooding events to the town of Kendal and other river frontage sections led to the bed of the River Kent being lowered, it has also had two (known) separate schemes to widen the river in an attempt to reduce the impact of flooding upon the town. . The river also has some quite unique features, it varies drastically in depth and width, this changes dependent on the amount of water flowing, thus it can be extremely wide, yet shallow in parts, with deep, narrow gorges in other sections, these ever chaging factors makes the calculation of how fast the river flows a difficult task to measure; added to this it only travels an approximate distance of 25 miles from it's allged origins in the Kentmere Valley to the estuary in Morecambe Bay. . The river also has some quite unique features, it varies drastically in depth and width, this changes dependent on the amount of water flowing, thus it can be extremely wide, yet shallow in parts, with deep, narrow gorges in other sections, these ever chaging factors makes the calculation of how fast the river flows a difficult task to measure; added to this it only travels an approximate distance of 25 miles from it's allged origins in the Kentmere Valley to the estuary in Morecambe Bay. | WIKI |
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