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HOW TO: Create and Use a Meta Data Assembly
Article ID: 323491 - View products that this article applies to.
This article was previously published under Q323491
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SUMMARY
This step-by-step article describes what meta data assemblies are and in what scenarios you can use them. This article also explains how to use the Soapsuds tool with the nowrappedproxy flag to generate a meta data assembly.
Requirements
The following list outlines the recommended hardware, software, network infrastructure, and service packs that you need:
• Visual Studio .NET
• Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)
This article assumes that you are familiar with the following topics:
• Visual Studio .NET
• Microsoft .NET Framework
• Microsoft .NET Remoting
What Are Meta Data Assemblies?
Meta data assemblies are .NET Framework assemblies that contain only meta data and type information. Meta data assemblies are similar to type libraries in COM, but meta data assemblies do not contain any implementation code.
Together with a distributed client application, you can deploy meta data assemblies that contain enough information for that client application to create a remote proxy and use that remote proxy to invoke methods on the actual assembly, which may reside on a different computer.
The following guide demonstrates how to generate a meta data assembly from a simple .NET-based component.
Create a Simple .NET Framework Component
1. In Visual Studio. NET, on the File menu, click New, and then click Project. Under Project Types, click Visual C# Projects. Under Templates, click Class Library.
2. Change the Name to MyRemoteComp, and then click OK.
The class library project is created. Class Class1 in the MyRemoteComp namespace is created in Class1.cs by default.
3. Copy and paste the following code in Class1:
public string SayHello(string sName)
{
return "Hi, " + sName;
}
4. On the Build menu, click Build Solution to build the class library. The assembly is named MyRemoteComp.dll.
Use the Soapsuds Tool to Generate the Meta Data Assembly
This section explains how to use the Soapsuds tool (Soapsuds.exe) and it's nowrappedproxy flag to create the meta data assembly. The simple assembly file that you created in the previous steps is used as input:
1. On the Start menu, point to Programs, click Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, click Visual Studio .NET Tools, and then click Visual Studio .NET Command Prompt.
2. At the Visual Studio .NET Command Prompt, change to the directory where you created your simple class library assembly. By default, the assembly is in the project\bin\debug directory. Type the command dir, and then note that assembly named MyRemoteComp.dll appears in the file list.
3. Run the Soapsuds tool against your assembly. To do this, type the following command (as one command line) at the Visual Studio .NET Command Prompt:
soapsuds.exe -inputassemblyfile:myremotecomp
-outputassemblyfile:myremotecomp.metaonly.dll -nowrappedproxy
You now have a second assembly .dll named Myremotecomp.metaonly.dll. This is the meta data assembly.
You can use this meta data assembly in remote client development and deployment. When you develop the remote client, add a reference to this meta data assembly instead of a reference to the assembly that contains the implementation code. If you are developing in Visual Studio .NET, follow these steps to add the reference:
1. On the Project menu, click Add Reference.
2. Click Browse, locate your meta data assembly, and then click Open.
Your assembly appears under Selected Components.
3. Click OK.
You can now reference and use the class in your client code.
Alternative Use of -nowrappedproxy
You can use a meta data assembly after your clients are compiled, also. In this scenario, you must generate a meta data assembly file that has the same name as the original input assembly. To do this, run the Soapsuds tool by typing the following command (as one command line) at the Visual Studio .NET Command Prompt:
soapsuds.exe -inputassemblyfile:myremotecomp
-outputassemblyfile:metaonly/myremotecomp.dll -nowrappedproxy
This command creates the new meta data assembly file in the directory project\bin\debug\metaonly, and gives the new meta data assembly file the same name as the input assembly file. It is helpful to give this new file a meaningful name temporarily, while you are manipulating the file before deployment. When you deploy the new meta data assembly, change the name to the original name.
You can deploy this new assembly to remote clients that have already been compiled against the original input assembly. In this deployment configuration, when the client application loads the assembly, the client looks for the original assembly file by name, but the client finds the meta data assembly by the same name. The client requires only the meta data and type information that is contained in the assembly file to invoke the remote methods, so the meta data assembly is enough for this purpose.
Troubleshooting
• When you run the Soapsuds.exe command, verify that you do not include the .dll file name extension when you specify the input assembly file.
• You can abbreviate the Soapsuds.exe arguments, as described in the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) article that is listed in the "References" section.
• Be careful when you change the name of the output assembly file after it has been generated. As with any .NET Framework assembly, the name of the .dll file is a part of the meta data. An error will occur when the assembly is loaded if the name is different from the name that appears in the meta data.
REFERENCES
For more information about the Soapsuds tool, visit the following MSDN Web site:
Soapsuds Tool (Soapsuds.exe)
For additional information, click the article number below to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
323490 INFO: Configure .NET Remoting When the Remoting Client Is an ASP.NET Application or the Client Is Another Remoted Component That Is Hosted by IIS
Properties
Article ID: 323491 - Last Review: April 22, 2004 - Revision: 3.4
APPLIES TO
• Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003 Professional Edition
• Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2002 Professional Edition
• Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1
• Microsoft .NET Framework 1.0
Keywords:
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Speech Synthesis Markup Language
Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) is an XML-based markup language for speech synthesis applications. It is a recommendation of the W3C's Voice Browser Working Group. SSML is often embedded in VoiceXML scripts to drive interactive telephony systems. However, it also may be used alone, such as for creating audio books. For desktop applications, other markup languages are popular, including Apple's embedded speech commands, and Microsoft's SAPI Text to speech (TTS) markup, also an XML language. It is also used to produce sounds via Azure Cognitive Services' Text to Speech API or when writing third-party skills for Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa.
SSML is based on the Java Speech Markup Language (JSML) developed by Sun Microsystems, although the current recommendation was developed mostly by speech synthesis vendors. It covers virtually all aspects of synthesis, although some areas have been left unspecified, so each vendor accepts a different variant of the language. Also, in the absence of markup, the synthesizer is expected to do its own interpretation of the text.
Example
Here is an example of an SSML document:
Features
SSML specifies a fair amount of markup for prosody, which is not included in the above example. This includes markup for
* pitch
* contour
* pitch range
* rate
* duration
* volume
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Lonicera × heckrottii
Lonicera × heckrottii, the golden flame honeysuckle, is a plant in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae, grown in gardens for its showy flowers and long season of bloom.
Description
Lonicera × heckrottii is a vine with opposite, simple leaves, on twining stems. They have fragrant pink to yellow flowers. Lonicera x heckrotti is believed to be a hybrid of Lonicera sempervirens and Lonicera x americana.
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YoHo Artist Community
The YoHo Artist Community is a community of artists out of the two Alexander Smith Carpet Mills Historic District buildings, located at 540 and 578 Nepperhan Avenue in Yonkers, New York. It's membership has grown to more than 80 working artists since 2005.
History
The Alexander Smith Carpet Mills Historic District buildings originally housed the Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Company. The entire complex consisted of 38 acres with more than 40 buildings. Alexander Smith and Sons was in operation in Yonkers. During the Great Depression, it was agreed that employees' hours would be cut, but jobs were not. In the mid-1950s, the Yonkers plant shut down entirely; an estimated 5,000 workers were without jobs. The stronghold along Nepperhan Avenue and the Saw Mill River, and within the Yonkers community, was suddenly empty.
With the deindustrialization of cities came the abandonment of buildings. In this case, most of the 40-building complex stood empty for nearly 20 years. The two loft buildings that house the YoHo community were purchased in 1978 by Allan Eisenkraft of Yonkers Industrial Development Corporation, who spent a total of about $4.5 million in renovations. The buildings were then rented out to small businesses. The lower floors still operate in this manner. The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior in 1983.
In 1986, Debra Sherwood was looking for an artist loft space. She was a sculptor relocating from Seattle to New York City. Industrial building floors for rent were advertised by Yonkers Industrial Development Corporation. After contacting the realtor, Sherwood agreed to lease the fifth floor of the building. She named the space YoHo Studios for "Yonkers above Houston". YoHo studios had four open studio events before 1991. In the early 1990s, artists began to occupy the Westchester artist studios located within the former Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Company Mills.
Members and works
Among the artists that rent or have rented space at YoHo are producers of murals, collages, sculptures, mixed media, and portraits. While the population is made up of primarily visual artists, specifically painters, there has also been a sculptor, a tattoo artist, and a former member of the Orange County Choppers, a creator of custom motorcycle graphics. During the scheduled "open studio" events, members allow the community access to their private studios. The Great Hall on the fifth floor is a gallery-like space where the artwork is displayed. Those areas, as well as the private studios, use the buildings' 14–16-foot ceilings.
The community has earned recognition from New York State Senator Andrea Stewart-Cousins. State Senator Stewart-Cousins deemed April 18, 2009, to be "YoHo Artist Studios Day". The mayor of the city of Yonkers, Phil Amicone, issued a dedicated day to the community as well.
In early 2011, the owners began the creation of 25 new spaces that would occupy a fourth-floor wing. By early 2014, all spaces were occupied, along with the original 50+ studios at 540 and 578 Nepperhan Avenue. In early 2014, the owners and developers of YoHo began collaborating with proprietors of neighboring buildings of the historic carpet mills to create Yonkers's first official arts district.
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HomeDatabase ManagementBuild interactive graph data analytics and visualizations using Amazon Neptune, Amazon Athena...
Build interactive graph data analytics and visualizations using Amazon Neptune, Amazon Athena Federated Query, and Amazon QuickSight
Customers have asked for a way to interact with graph datasets in Amazon Neptune using business intelligence (BI) tools such as Amazon QuickSight. Although some BI tools offer generic HTTP connectors that allow you to define a set of REST API calls to extract data from REST endpoints, you have to predefine either Gremlin or SPARQL queries for this purpose. That defeats the purpose of using the abstraction layer of BI tools for data analysts.
In this post, we show how to query and visualize property graph datasets in a Neptune graph database using the Amazon Athena Neptune Connector and QuickSight.
As an example, we create a QuickSight dashboard (see the following screenshot) to show the distance between airports in the US and UK where the distance is greater than 5,000 miles.
Solution overview
First, some background on the key services and features that we use in this solution:
Neptune is a fast, reliable, fully managed graph database service that makes it easy to build and run applications that work with highly connected datasets. The core of Neptune is a purpose-built, high-performance graph database engine optimized for storing billions of relationships and querying the graph with millisecond latency.
Amazon Athena is an interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) using standard SQL. Athena is serverless, so there is no infrastructure to set up or manage, and you can start analyzing data immediately.
Amazon Athena Federated Query is an Athena feature that enables data analysts, engineers, and data scientists to run SQL queries across data stored in relational, non-relational, object, and custom data sources. With federated queries, you can submit a single SQL query and analyze data from multiple sources running on premises or hosted on the cloud.
The Athena Neptune Connector is built using the Amazon Athena Query Federation SDK. It allows Athena to communicate with your Neptune graph database instance, making your Neptune graph data accessible by SQL queries.
QuickSight is a scalable, serverless, embeddable, machine learning (ML) powered BI service built for the cloud. QuickSight lets you easily create and publish interactive BI dashboards that include ML-powered insights.
We also use the AWS Glue Data Catalog, Amazon S3, and AWS Lambda in this solution.
We show you how to deploy a Neptune cluster and load a sample graph dataset, and deploy and configure the Athena Neptune Connector and dependencies that can interact with an existing or newly created Neptune cluster. We also show how to configure QuickSight to interact with Neptune via the Athena Neptune Connector.
The following diagram illustrates the high-level architecture and simplified process flow.
The process flow contains the following steps:
A user signs in to QuickSight and accesses the analysis or dashboard connected to an Athena dataset.
QuickSight sends the associated SQL query to Athena.
The Athena Federated Query functionality talks to the Athena Neptune Connector Lambda function to fetch the data from Neptune. In the case of graph datasets, where the schema or properties of the graph nodes and edges may vary, we need to predefine the database and the table schemas. We use the Data Catalog to predefine these and let the connector Lambda function retrieve the details from the Data Catalog.
The Athena Neptune Connector Lambda function converts the incoming SQL query into a Gremlin traversal and sends the query to Neptune. It then converts the graph traversal output into a SQL result set by mapping it to the predefined schema in the Data Catalog, and returns that to Athena and thereby to QuickSight for visualization purposes.
Any data fetched by the connector Lambda function that goes beyond the function’s limits, like memory allocation, is spilled over to an S3 bucket to be read by Athena later.
Create a Neptune cluster and load sample data
You can skip this step if you have an existing Neptune cluster and property graph dataset in it that you want to use. Make sure you have an internet gateway and NAT gateway in the VPC hosting your Neptune cluster. The private subnets in which the Athena Neptune Connector Lambda function runs should have a route to the internet via this NAT gateway. The Athena Neptune Connector Lambda function uses the NAT gateway later to talk to AWS Glue.
To create a Neptune cluster and load the sample air routes property graph dataset into it, we follow the instructions in the GitHub repo.
After the Neptune cluster and notebook are set up and the data load is complete, you can explore the rest of the steps in the notebook. For this post, we only require that the airport data is loaded.
Set up the AWS Glue Data Catalog
The next step is to set up the AWS Glue Catalog, database, and tables that are later referenced by the Athena Neptune Connector. For more details, such as mapping the property graph node and edge properties to the AWS Glue tables, see the GitHub repo.
Deploy the Athena Neptune Connector
To set up the Athena Neptune Connector, follow the step-by-step instructions in the GitHub repo.
Set up an Athena workgroup and custom data source
Athena Federated Query is only supported with Athena engine version 2. You should either upgrade your existing workgroup to Athena engine version 2 or create a new workgroup with this engine version. For this post, I create a new workgroup that supports Athena engine version 2.
On the Athena console, on the Workgroups page, choose Create workgroup.
For Workgroup name, enter a name (for this post, Sample-AV2-WG).
Designate your S3 bucket for the Athena query result location.
For this post, we reuse the spillover bucket created earlier as the Athena query result location. You can create a separate bucket and use that as well.
Select Manually choose an engine version now and select Athena engine version 2.
Choose Create workgroup.
After the new workgroup is created, choose that workgroup and choose Switch workgroup.
In the new workgroup, on the Data sources tab, choose Connect data source.
Select Query a data source.
Select All other data sources.
Choose Next.
For Lambda function¸ choose the function you created in the previous step.
For Catalog name, enter a name (for this post, we use the same as the Lambda function name, athena-catalog-neptune).
Choose Connect.This creates a new custom data source that we test next.
Switch to Query editor and select the data source that you just created.
It automatically selects the graph-database in the database drop-down menu and populates the corresponding tables.Now let’s run a sample query to check connectivity to Neptune via the connector.
Choose Preview table.
You should see results similar to the following screenshot.
Now that we’re done with the Athena setup, let’s move to the QuickSight steps.
Configure QuickSight and create a dataset
Before we can create a dataset and visualization, we need to grant QuickSight access to the Athena Neptune Connector Lambda function that we created earlier, the Athena query results S3 bucket, and the S3 bucket where the Athena Neptune Connector spills over the results.
On the QuickSight console, on the user name menu, choose Manage QuickSight.
Choose Security & permissions in the navigation pane.
Under QuickSight access to AWS Services, choose Add or remove.
From the list of services, select Athena.
A prompt should appear for Athena permissions.
Choose Next.
On the S3 tab, select the Athena Neptune Connector spill bucket and Athena query results bucket. (For this post, we use the same bucket.)
Select Write permission for Athena Workgroup.
On the Lambda tab, and select the Lambda function that you created during the Athena Neptune Connector deployment.
Choose Finish and Update to save your changes.
This completes the necessary initial configuration for QuickSight.
Now let’s proceed with the creation of a new dataset with Athena as our data source.
On the QuickSight console, choose Datasets in the navigation pane.
Choose New dataset.
Choose Athena as the data source.
In the pop-up that appears, for Data source name, enter the data source name (athena-neptune).
For Athena workgroup, choose the workgroup you created (Sample-AV2-WG).
Choose Create data source.
In the Choose your table section, choose the catalog associated with the Athena Neptune Connector, and choose the database associated with it.
Under Tables, select the data to visualize (for this post, we use the airport table).
Choose Edit/Preview data.
For Add data, choose Data source.
For Catalog, choose athena-catalog.
For Database, chose graph-database.
For Table, select airport and route.
Choose Select.
You should see something similar to the following screenshot after adding the two tables.
Now let’s arrange the tables visually in a way that the join operation is between the airport, route, and airport (2) tables.
Drag the airport (2) table onto the route table.
This should create a join that looks similar to the following screenshot.
Choose the join indicator (two red circles) between the airport and route tables.
In the Join configuration section, choose the id column for airport and in for route.
For Join type, choose Inner.
Choose Apply.
Choose the join indicator between the route and airport (2) tables.
In the Join configuration section, choose out for route and id for airport.
For Join type, choose Inner.
Choose Apply.
Now, let’s exclude the fields that we’re not going to use for data visualization purposes. We’re only interested in the following data fields:
The country and desc fields from the airport and airport (2) tables
The dist field from the route table
Choose the menu icon (three dots) next to each field to exclude and choose Exclude field.
After all the unwanted data fields are excluded, you should see the joined dataset as in the following screenshot.
Visualize in QuickSight
In the next step, we create a QuickSight visualization to show the distance between airports in the US and UK, where the distance is greater than 5,000 miles, using this joined dataset.
Choose Save & visualize.
For Visual types, choose the horizontal bar chart.
Add the desc field to Y axis, dist to Value, and desc[airport(2)] to Group/Color.
Choose Filters and choose the plus sign.
Choose the country field.
On the options menu (three dots), choose Edit.
For Filter type¸ choose Custom filter and Equals.
Enter US.
Choose Apply.
Apply similar filters to set the destination country[airport (2)] as the UK and the distance dist between airports greater than 5,000 miles.The filters and visual should look similar to the following screenshot.
You can further customize this chart as per your requirements. In this case, I modified the title, color theme, X and Y axis labels, and legend title.
To publish this analysis to a QuickSight dashboard, choose Share and Publish dashboard.
Enter a name for the dashboard and choose Publish dashboard.
You can grant access to the dashboard for additional people or skip the step. The US-UK-Airports dashboard is now available on the Dashboards page on the QuickSight console.This completes a very simple analysis of a property graph node and edge data.If you want to see the actual query being sent by QuickSight to Athena, you can find that on the History tab on the Athena console.
Current limitations
As of this writing, the Athena Neptune Connector only supports property graph datasets and not Resource Description Framework (RDF) graph datasets.
Summary
The Athena Neptune Connector is built using the Athena Query Federation SDK and allows you to run SQL queries against a Neptune property graph database. This unlocks the data in your Neptune database so you can use it for analysis via BI tools using Athena.
In this post, we walked through how to build a QuickSight dashboard using property graph data in Neptune via the Athena Neptune Connector.
If you have any questions or suggestions, please leave a comment.
About the Authors
Abhishek Mishra is a Sr. Neptune Specialist Solutions Architect at AWS. He helps AWS customers build innovative solutions using graph databases. In his spare time, he loves making the earth a greener place.
Sandeep Veldi is a Sr. Solutions Architect at AWS. He helps AWS customers with prescriptive architectural guidance based on their use cases and helps navigate their cloud journey. In his spare time, he loves to spend time with his family.
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Dermatology Flashcards Preview
GP Block > Dermatology > Flashcards
Flashcards in Dermatology Deck (74):
1
When taking a dermatological history, what aspects should be explored?
Presenting complaint
History of presenting complaint
Past medical history
Family history
Social history
Drug history
Quality of life impact and ICE
2
What aspects of the presenting complaint should be explored?
Nature (rash/lesion)
Site
Duration and changes
3
What aspects of the history of the presenting complaint should be explored?
Initial appearance and evolution
Symptoms (particularly itch/pain)
Aggravating and relieving factors
Previous and current treatments
4
What aspects of the past medical history should be explored?
Systemic diseases
History of atopy
Skin cancer
Sunburn/sun-bed use
Skin type
5
What are the atopic conditions?
Asthma
Eczema
Hay-fever
6
What system can be used to analyse skin type?
Fitzpatrick skin types
7
What aspects of family history should be explored?
Family history of skin disease (e.g. psoriasis)
Family history of atopy
Family history of autoimmune disease (e.g. alopecia, vitiligo)
8
What aspects of social history should be explored?
Occupation
Sun exposure
Exposure to chemicals
Improvement of symptoms when away from work
9
What aspects of a drug history should be explored?
Regular and recent drugs
Systemic and topical treatments used
10
How should the use of topical treatments be explored?
Where applied?
How much?
How long for?
11
How should quality of life impact and ICE be explored?
Impact of skin on life
Ideas
Concerns
Expectations
12
When examining the skin what parts should be examined?
All sites, including:
Nails
Mucosa
Hair
13
How should a dermatological examination be conducted?
Inspect
Palpate
Describe
14
When palpating the skin, what should be assessed?
Flat/raised
Warmth
15
What mnemonic can be used to describe the skin?
S - site and distribution/size and shape
C - colour
A - associated changes
M - morphology
16
How can colour be described?
Erythema (blanching redness)
Purpura (red or purple non-blanching)
Pigmented/hyperpigmented (brown/black)
Hypopigmented
17
How can a lesion/rash’s morphology be described?
Macule
Papule
Patch
Plaque
Nodule
Vesicle
Pustule
Bulla
Annular
Wheal
Discoid
Comedone
18
How does a macule feel on palpation?
Flat
19
How does a papule feel on palpation?
Raised but in a small area
20
How does a patch feel on palpation?
Flat but in a large area
21
How does a plaque feel on palpation?
Raised, but broader than it is high
22
How does a nodule feel?
Like a papule but >1cm
23
What is a vesicle?
A clear fluid filled lesion
24
What is a pustule?
A pus filled lesion
25
What is a bulla?
A large fluid filled lesion
26
What shape is an annualar lesion?
Ring shaped
27
What presents with a wheal?
Urticaria
28
What shape is a discoid lesion?
Coin shaped
29
What forms can a comedone come in?
Open (black head)
Closed
30
How can pigmented lesions be assessed?
A - asymmetry
B - border
C - colour
D - diameter
E - evolution
31
What surface features can be described?
Scale
Crust
Excoriation
Erosion/ulceration
Fissures
32
What is scale?
Built up keratin
33
What is crust?
Dried exudate
34
What is excoriation?
Erosion from scratching
35
What is erosion/ulceration?
Partial/full thickness loss of skin
36
What are fissures?
Cracks
37
What hair findings can be found on examination?
Alopecia
Hypertrichosis
Hirsuitism
38
What is alopecia?
Alopecia describes hair loss, can be patchy or diffuse
39
What is hypertrichosis?
Excess of hair
40
What is hirsuitism?
Excess androgenic pattern of hair in women
41
What nail findings can be found on examination?
Koilonychia
Pitting
Onycholysis
42
What is koilonychia?
Spooning of the nails
43
What can koilonychia indicate?
Iron deficiency
44
What disease is pitting of the nails associated with?
Psoriasis
45
What is onycholysis?
Separation of the nail from the nail bed
46
What diseases is onycholysis associated with?
Psoriasis
Thyroid disease
47
How common is acne?
Very common
48
When can acne occur?
Infantile (due to maternal hormones in breast milk)
Adolescent
Adult (12% of women and 5% of men, 5% of both genders will have it for life)
49
What are the risks associated with acne?
Painful
Scarring
Can have severe psychological affects
50
Where on the body is acne most common?
T-zone of the face
Shoulders
Chest
51
Describe the pathophysiology of acne
Follicular plugging occurs, causing increased sebum
Then become infected by propionobacterium acnes
52
What can cause acne?
Hormones
Cosmetics
Medication (especially the POCP)
53
When should acne be referred early?
In patients with darker skin types who are more prone to scarring
54
What is another name for eczema?
Atopic dermatitis
55
What symptom is required for an eczema diagnosis?
Itchy
56
Where does eczema typically affect in children?
Face
57
Where does eczema typically affect in adults?
Flexures e.g. cubical fossa and popliteal fossa
58
What do eczema lesions most commonly become infected with?
Staph aureus
59
What can indicate a staph aureus infection in eczema?
One side looks different to the other
60
What is a serious complication of eczema?
Infections with herpes zoster/herpes simplex
61
What does eczema management consist of?
Education and advice
Moisturiser
Steroids
Antibiotics to treat infection
62
What education and advice should be given to eczema patients?
Keep nails short
Regular bath/shower (no soaps)
Avoid aqueous creams
63
How should eczema patients use moisturisers?
Apply as often as possible, at least 3-4 times/day
Use ointments or creams
64
What is another name for moisturisers?
Emollients
65
When are creams more suitable then ointments?
For use in the day as they are less oily
66
What should be done in the case of resistant eczema?
Investigate compliance
Consider inadequate steroid treatment
Consider infection
Consider incorrect diagnosis
67
What is the most common form of psoriasis?
Plaque psoriasis
68
What is the average age of onset for psoriasis?
28
69
Describe the pathophysiology of plaque psoriasis
Increased rate of skin turnover leading to keratin excess
70
What is the normal turnover rate of skin?
23 days
71
What is the turnover rate of skin in plaque psoriasis?
5 days
72
Where does plaque psoriasis typically affect?
Elbows
Knees
Trunk
73
When can psoriasis look less scaly?
In flexural or genital psoriasis where the sweat makes it look more red and moist
74
What can flexural/genital psoriasis often be confused for?
Fungal infection
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Talk:Dynamic load testing
Adding to this article
I think this needs some work on it, not sure what. The length is very short and the context within Civil engineering is ambiguous. Jackhodari (talk) 17:34, 2 June 2020 (UTC)
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Talk:Nuclear renaissance
Views and opinions
This section has citations up to 2011. Is there anything newer? --User:Haraldmmueller 20:27, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
* Feel free to edit the article Chidgk1 (talk) 17:44, 19 December 2023 (UTC)
* That was it! I thought about my problem, for years and years (since 2020), considering how in heaven and on earth I might, magically, make the text on this - what's it called? Wiki...; ahem ... ah, here it is: Wikipidi - no, Wikipedia - on this website change so that it would include some newer references than those from 2011 - who would've thought that simply by feeling free - free! FREE!, as in freedom! - that change would happen, all by itself? What a magical invention, an inventinve freedom, mind-freeing magic ... ... ... but then, my chin drops, tears welling up, seeing that - that - that they want those changes to be based on, on, you wouldn't believe it, on documents - documents, from those middle ages between 2011 and 2023, where nothing, nothing, nothing has surfaced about that nuclear renaissance we are craving for, all dark, black, vanished, hidden ... and so, for another three (or even more!) years, nothing will be edited here, at least by me, nothing will come from this suddenly proclaimed freedom, this promise to humankind, this light in the stars and on those servers ... (leaves the stage, sobbing) User:Haraldmmueller 18:27, 19 December 2023 (UTC)
Energy Emerged Powers Success
Hi,The Energy is most powerful source thats enforces things we use to change overtime and overnight and this can expanded by targeting Greenhouse Emission Gases and we never expected us to be fools to continue saying no to holocaust as it means completely burned and lets not try it even if we tried weak once. So uncleanesty it brings us beyond God and cleaness brings us closer to God. God won't see you if you scream at Him but you can only touch God on his foot to see and hear you.Amooketsi I'll ask for help as I seek for It and nothing more. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:56, 28 April 2024 (UTC)
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WIKI
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363
I've set up my controllers using data-ng-controller="xyzController as vm"
I have a scenario with parent / child nested controllers. I have no problem accessing parent properties in the nested html by using $parent.vm.property, but I cannot figure out how to access the parent property from within my child controller.
I've tried injecting $scope and then using $scope.$parent.vm.property, but this isn't working?
Can anyone offer advice?
600
If your HTML is like below you could do something like this:
<div ng-controller="ParentCtrl">
<div ng-controller="ChildCtrl">
</div>
</div>
Then you can access the parent scope as follows
function ParentCtrl($scope) {
$scope.cities = ["NY", "Amsterdam", "Barcelona"];
}
function ChildCtrl($scope) {
$scope.parentcities = $scope.$parent.cities;
}
If you want to access a parent controller from your view you have to do something like this:
<div ng-controller="xyzController as vm">
{{$parent.property}}
</div>
See jsFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/2r728/
Update
Actually since you defined cities in the parent controller your child controller will inherit all scope variables. So theoritically you don't have to call $parent. The above example can also be written as follows:
function ParentCtrl($scope) {
$scope.cities = ["NY","Amsterdam","Barcelona"];
}
function ChildCtrl($scope) {
$scope.parentCities = $scope.cities;
}
The AngularJS docs use this approach, here you can read more about the $scope.
Another update
I think this is a better answer to the original poster.
HTML
<div ng-app ng-controller="ParentCtrl as pc">
<div ng-controller="ChildCtrl as cc">
<pre>{{cc.parentCities | json}}</pre>
<pre>{{pc.cities | json}}</pre>
</div>
</div>
JS
function ParentCtrl() {
var vm = this;
vm.cities = ["NY", "Amsterdam", "Barcelona"];
}
function ChildCtrl() {
var vm = this;
ParentCtrl.apply(vm, arguments); // Inherit parent control
vm.parentCities = vm.cities;
}
If you use the controller as method you can also access the parent scope as follows
function ChildCtrl($scope) {
var vm = this;
vm.parentCities = $scope.pc.cities; // note pc is a reference to the "ParentCtrl as pc"
}
As you can see there are many different ways in accessing $scopes.
Updated fiddle
function ParentCtrl() {
var vm = this;
vm.cities = ["NY", "Amsterdam", "Barcelona"];
}
function ChildCtrl($scope) {
var vm = this;
ParentCtrl.apply(vm, arguments);
vm.parentCitiesByScope = $scope.pc.cities;
vm.parentCities = vm.cities;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.20/angular.min.js"></script>
<div ng-app ng-controller="ParentCtrl as pc">
<div ng-controller="ChildCtrl as cc">
<pre>{{cc.parentCities | json}}</pre>
<pre>{{cc.parentCitiesByScope | json }}</pre>
<pre>{{pc.cities | json}}</pre>
</div>
</div>
• 1
See updated answer – Dieterg Mar 27 '14 at 8:05
• 6
I think the two issues with your last update is 1. Inheriting the parent scope can have potential namespace conflicts, and 2. Requires knowledge that parent controller alias is 'pc'. This makes re-use more difficult. – tchen Jul 31 '14 at 15:52
• 2
You defined controllers as function CtrlName(...){} but how can we achieve that using Angular nomenclature? like : angular.module(MdlName).controller(CtrlName, function(...){}); – Pedro Justo Dec 3 '14 at 15:12
• 1
What do you mean? A controller is just a function? i.e. angular.module('app').controller('ParentCtrl', ParentCtrl); – Dieterg Dec 3 '14 at 15:40
• 1
sorry, you are right! In the 'controller as' method, using '$scope.pc.cities;' to access parent's cities seems to me a 'step back' because if in childCtrl we don't have the property 'cities' it will auto access parent's cities. There is no other way to solve this problem? – Pedro Justo Dec 3 '14 at 17:12
45
I've just checked
$scope.$parent.someProperty
works for me.
and it will be
{{$parent.someProperty}}
for the view.
• hmmm, not working for me. Wonder if it has to do with the controller as vm syntax. – zpydee Jan 30 '14 at 11:24
7
When you are using as syntax, like ParentController as parentCtrl, to define a controller then to access parent scope variable in child controller use following :
var id = $scope.parentCtrl.id;
Where parentCtrl is name of parent controller using as syntax and id is a variable defined in same controller.
2
Some times you may need to update parent properties directly within child scope. e.g. need to save a date and time of parent control after changes by a child controller. e.g Code in JSFiddle
HTML
<div ng-app>
<div ng-controller="Parent">
event.date = {{event.date}} <br/>
event.time = {{event.time}} <br/>
<div ng-controller="Child">
event.date = {{event.date}}<br/>
event.time = {{event.time}}<br/>
<br>
event.date: <input ng-model='event.date'><br>
event.time: <input ng-model='event.time'><br>
</div>
</div>
JS
function Parent($scope) {
$scope.event = {
date: '2014/01/1',
time: '10:01 AM'
}
}
function Child($scope) {
}
1
You can also circumvent scope inheritance and store things in the "global" scope.
If you have a main controller in your application which wraps all other controllers, you can install a "hook" to the global scope:
function RootCtrl($scope) {
$scope.root = $scope;
}
Then in any child controller, you can access the "global" scope with $scope.root. Anything you set here will be globally visible.
Example:
function RootCtrl($scope) {
$scope.root = $scope;
}
function ChildCtrl($scope) {
$scope.setValue = function() {
$scope.root.someGlobalVar = 'someVal';
}
}
function OtherChildCtrl($scope) {
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.2.23/angular.min.js"></script>
<div ng-app ng-controller="RootCtrl">
<p ng-controller="ChildCtrl">
<button ng-click="setValue()">Set someGlobalVar</button>
</p>
<p ng-controller="OtherChildCtrl">
someGlobalVar value: {{someGlobalVar}}
</p>
</div>
• This doesn't really scale. It's like defining global variables that must be unique across many files/contexts. – ZachB Dec 5 '15 at 0:38
• I don't see a scaling issue, but calling the scope variable something other than 'root' might be better in other contexts – Nico Westerdale Oct 9 '17 at 15:24
• It's also a bit of a nuisance to have state that hangs around for longer than the lifetime of the component sub-tree that needs it. – Roboprog Mar 28 '18 at 19:08
0
I believe I had a similar quandary recently
function parentCtrl() {
var pc = this; // pc stands for parent control
pc.foobar = 'SomeVal';
}
function childCtrl($scope) {
// now how do I get the parent control 'foobar' variable?
// I used $scope.$parent
var parentFoobarVariableValue = $scope.$parent.pc.foobar;
// that did it
}
My setup was a little different, but the same thing should probably still work
0
From a child component you can access the properties and methods of the parent component with 'require'. Here is an example:
Parent:
.component('myParent', mymodule.MyParentComponent)
...
controllerAs: 'vm',
...
var vm = this;
vm.parentProperty = 'hello from parent';
Child:
require: {
myParentCtrl: '^myParent'
},
controllerAs: 'vm',
...
var vm = this;
vm.myParentCtrl.parentProperty = 'hello from child';
0
Super easy and works, but not sure why....
angular.module('testing')
.directive('details', function () {
return {
templateUrl: 'components/details.template.html',
restrict: 'E',
controller: function ($scope) {
$scope.details=$scope.details; <=== can see the parent details doing this
}
};
});
-1
Perhaps this is lame but you can also just point them both at some external object:
var cities = [];
function ParentCtrl() {
var vm = this;
vm.cities = cities;
vm.cities[0] = 'Oakland';
}
function ChildCtrl($scope) {
var vm = this;
vm.cities = cities;
}
The benefit here is that edits in ChildCtrl now propogate back to the data in the parent.
• introducing global variables is dangerous. – Dementic Apr 26 '18 at 11:32
protected by Pankaj Parkar Jan 21 '16 at 20:43
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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repl_python: Run a Python REPL
Description Usage Arguments Details See Also Examples
View source: R/repl.R
Description
This function provides a Python REPL in the R session, which can be used to interactively run Python code. All code executed within the REPL is run within the Python main module, and any generated Python objects will persist in the Python session after the REPL is detached.
Usage
1
2
repl_python(module = NULL, quiet = getOption("reticulate.repl.quiet",
default = FALSE))
Arguments
module
An (optional) Python module to be imported before the REPL is launched.
quiet
Boolean; print a startup banner when launching the REPL? If TRUE, the banner will be suppressed.
Details
When working with R and Python scripts interactively, one can activate the Python REPL with repl_python(), run Python code, and later run exit to return to the R console.
See Also
py, for accessing objects created using the Python REPL.
Examples
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
## Not run:
# enter the Python REPL, create a dictionary, and exit
repl_python()
dictionary = {'alpha': 1, 'beta': 2}
exit
# access the created dictionary from R
py$dictionary
# $alpha
# [1] 1
#
# $beta
# [1] 2
## End(Not run)
Mormukut11/R-interface-to-Python documentation built on May 21, 2019, 9:36 a.m.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Category:Cities in Saskatchewan
The cities in Saskatchewan, Canada. In this province, a town can be granted city status when it reaches a population of 5,000 or more.
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WIKI
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Instant View: Stocks sink after Fed raises rates, Powell comments on balance sheet
NEW YORK (Reuters) - U.S. stock markets tumbled on Wednesday, reversing a morning rally after the U.S. Federal Reserve delivered an expected interest rate hike but signaled its tightening cycle is nearing an end in the face of financial market volatility and slowing global growth. Losses accelerated on comments by Fed chairman Jerome Powell at a press conference that he does not see the Fed changing its policy of keeping its balance sheet run down on autopilot. STOCKS: Wall Street seesawed after the announcement from the Federal Open Market Committee, taking the latest nosedive after Chairman Jerome Powell started speaking at the post meeting press conference. The S&P 500 .SPX was last down 1.51 percent after being up more than 1 percent right before the FOMC meeting ended. The Dow .DJI was off 1.4 percent. BONDS: The 10-year U.S. Treasury note US10YT=RR yield fell to 2.7673 percent and the 2-year yield US2YT=RR fell to 2.6417 percent. FOREX: The dollar index .DXY was last off 0.1 percent. JORGE MARISCAL, EMERGING MARKETS CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, UBS GLOBAL WEALTH MANAGEMENT “There’s worries the Fed will continue to hike into a slowing economy with no inflation to worry about.” “After the (statement) reaffirmation of two hikes next year, Powell continued to talk up the strength of the U.S. economy and that worried investors. People are worried about growth and to hear the Fed isn’t (worried) concerns the market.” “In turn, that supports the U.S. dollar and that is negative news for emerging markets in general. ERIC KUBY, CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, NORTH STAR INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CORP, CHICAGO: “The market is really responding to the concept that the Fed still has the path they want to follow and that path still involves multiple interest rate increases next year. “There’s a huge amount of money that’s trading these events, so you’re getting extraordinary volatility on what I don’t think was extraordinarily volatile news. “It would have been maybe better if (Powell) just plain out said that going forward, our policy is going to be completely data dependent.” “I don’t think what he said is that far from that. This is a trading game, not investing right now. It’s unfortunate that we’re in a really volatile market.” MICHAEL O’ROURKE, CHIEF MARKET STRATEGIST, JONESTRADING, GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT “It was the balance sheet. First, he started talking about it being on autopilot which I just think was a poor choice of words but the market took it that way. And I guess when you are talking about data dependency and all your monetary policy tools, you gear that you are flexible on anything. Of course he is, he can always change that whenever he wants.” “There was a little too much spin coming into today about dovish tightening, which is one of the worst terms I have ever heard used. Because the Fed has been tightening all along, especially when you have this quantitative tightening, this balance sheet normalization going on at $50 billion a month, there is nothing dovish about it.” FRITZ FOLTS, CHIEF INVESTMENT STRATEGIST, 3EDGE ASSET MANAGEMENT LP, BOSTON “The balance sheet question did him in…. Maybe they have already committed their policy error. We would be in the camp that they have already raised rates too much.” “With the lagged effect of monetary policy and the slowdown that we’re seeing maybe they’ve gone one too far already.” “Earnings for companies have been at ridiculously high levels and that, to us, just can’t continue, especially in the face of monetary tightening and they’ve had so long a period of share buybacks and these corporations are holding record debt now.” “In some respect the Fed in this meeting actually established some credibility. They did it. They raised rates, and they didn’t bend. They certainly didn’t bend to Trump – that’s for sure. And they didn’t bend to the market and so if they need to do something in the future I think that they did help their credibility in this meeting.” GREG MCBRIDE, CHIEF FINANCIAL ANALYST, BANKRATE.COM (EMAIL) “Interest rate hikes produce turbulence for the stock market but do result in better returns for savers and investors looking for a safe haven. For the first time in a decade, the top-yielding online savings accounts and money markets are ahead of inflation – and this rate hike will help keep it that way.” TIM GHRISKEY, CHIEF INVESTMENT STRATEGIST, INVERNESS COUNSEL, NEW YORK “There’s some disappointment that they weren’t more dovish. They basically matched what had become the street consensus, with the December hike and two more hikes in 2019. On the positive side, it says that they don’t see anything that’s derailing the economy. Yes, estimates are coming down some, probably related to some of the tariff issues, but they don’t see anything that’s going to cause a major economic downturn on the immediate horizon. But the market was hoping for a more dovish outlook. Some definite disappointment from investors. QUINCY KROSBY, CHIEF MARKET STRATEGIST, PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY (=2) “The unwinding of the balance sheet is contributing to (financial) tightening. Some believe that that’s tightening conditions even more than rate hikes do. But Powell is steadfast in his commentary today that he doesn’t see any tightening that stems from the unwinding of the balance sheet….The market message is we are seeing tighter financial conditions and a weaker path for growth.” MEGAN GREENE, GLOBAL CHIEF ECONOMIST, MANULIFE ASSET MANAGEMENT, BOSTON “It was going to be really hard for him to not spook the market after it overreacted last time he talked. Rate hike expectations had fallen to one for 2019 which wasn’t realistic.” “The thing he said that really moved the market was that he made it clear the Fed doesn’t want to adjust its balance sheet roll off and that interest rates would be the primary tool for monetary policy.” “Investors were hoping we might get some reprieve from tightening but it looks like that balance sheet is not in play.” “I totally expected that. The Fed hasn’t been particularly secretive about the fact that rates were their primary tool. It was just that market expectations were out of whack. He had a really hard job threading the needle today.” SCOTT MINERD, GLOBAL CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER, GUGGENHEIM PARTNERS, LOS ANGELES (EMAILED) “Statement not as dovish as hoped for by market participants. The flattening yield curve is telling us that market perceives that policy is more restrictive than required given the economic backdrop. Powell’s emphasis on flexibility will lend support to risk assets.” “Sudden decline in stocks and bond yields on Powell’s comment that the pace of balance sheet reduction is on a preset course and adjusting the pace of balance sheet reduction is not an option at this time disappointed the market. Market may be signaling a desire to slow down the pace of balance sheet normalization.” PAUL NOLTE, PORTFOLIO MANAGER, KINGSVIEW ASSET MANAGEMENT, CHICAGO “It looks as though they’re a little bit more hawkish than dovish because they still have two more rate hikes for next year. It looks to me as though they are anticipating continued strength in the economy. Hence the two more rate hikes, based on the dot plot. It’s well up from basically one based on market expectations.” “We’re going to see slower economic growth. However, that doesn’t quite square with some of the more immediate comments about the economy. That’s why we’re seeing a decline in the equity markets off the highs right before the meeting. We’re seeing yields fall further, which is actually kind of a surprise but they’re hanging their hats on that slower long term growth.” “It goes back to the two rate hikes implied by the dot plot. That’s where equity markets are turning right now because they look at that…as an equity investor I’m concerned about slowing economic data, I’m concerned about tariffs and the implications for earnings, etcetera…but the Fed doesn’t seem to be worried about the same things that I’m worried about.” ERIC DONOVAN, MANAGING DIRECTOR, OTC FX AND INTEREST RATES, INTL FCSTONE, NEW YORK “Right now, the market is pricing in zero hikes for next year. The 10-year Treasury rate is essentially unchanged. All the Fed has done is say, ‘well, maybe instead of three we’ll do two.’ They’re not saying one to two. The forecast is still for two hikes next year. “I thought it was absurd that anybody thought they might not cut today, based on the information that’s been coming in. There’s a lot of sensationalism going on in the market and people are completely losing site of what the Fed’s mandate is. “If there’s one metric in the market that gives me a little bit of pause in terms of trying to anticipate what the Fed will do next year, that’s the collapse in crude oil prices. “Front-end crude has dropped below $50 a barrel, that more anything that’s happening in stocks or anything else gives me a little bit of pause because if crude keep slipping that could weigh on prices in general, and rest assured, if we do fall below the 2 percent inflation target, that is the one and only thing that is going to cause the Fed to stop hiking rates.” J.J. KINAHAN, CHIEF MARKET STRATEGIST, TD AMERITRADE, CHICAGO “I don’t know if the market necessarily knows what to make of it. I think the market was damned if they wouldn’t and damned if they would, so to speak.” “We had a lot of people asking the Fed not to raise rates this week, which would have led to a bigger disaster.” They lowered their path for the next year, which would imply just two rate hikes, that puts the target range between 2.75 - 3, so I think that is pretty dovish, I don’t know how much more dovish they could’ve been.” “I think it’s still going to be difficult to rally significantly, because over-arching we have the tariff situation and as long that exists it is really difficult for people to really get super excited about stocks right now because there is a big unknown in the markets.” “Even though they raised rates, the markets are still pushing rates down, from what is going on in the 10-year and 30-year futures . “It’s still all about tariffs, we’ll see what happens tariff-wise, that’s still the primary story. QUINCY KROSBY, CHIEF MARKET STRATEGIST, PRUDENTIAL FINANCIAL, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY “Clearly this is a Fed that’s going to be forced to be data dependent. The GDP forecast for next year is solid. It’s not stellar. If it begins to wane the Fed is going to have to be data dependent.” “What the market needs right now is a spate of unequivocally strong data. That’s what it needs to absorb a couple of rate hikes next year. There’s a question if the market gets that.” “There’s an adage that price action comes before the data … The question becomes whether or not the Fed and the market meet somewhere in the middle where they’re seeing the same trajectory.” “The market has been oversold so you’d have expected to see a bounce but there are those who were waiting for the bounce to sell into it to lock in gains.” KRISTINA HOOPER, GLOBAL MARKET STRATEGIST, INVESCO LTD, NEW YORK “The Fed did what the market had hoped for and expected, which is to raise rates but to suggest a more dovish stance in 2019.” “The Fed couldn’t get too dovish without sounding alarmist so this was a delicate balancing act, but I believe they struck the right balance because there’s always room to make alterations going forward… This is a very good place for the Fed to leave 2018.” “I’m not as concerned as, I think, markets have become in recent days. The economic growth picture remains solid even though its decelerated, and that’s true globally it’s also true in the U.S., although it’s something of a standout compared to a lot of other countries’ economies. This is an environment where certainly risks have increased, but my base case remains modest growth.” DAVID JOY, CHIEF MARKET STRATEGIST, AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL, BOSTON “It’s a disappointment to investors who were hoping it was going to be more dovish than it turned out to be. A lot of people were thinking they needed to change the language. The language last time said the committee expects further gradual increases are consistent with conditions. This time they said some further increases will be needed. That is not as dovish as some people were hoping - maybe adjustments going forward left the door open left the door open to an increase or maybe even no change or a cut at some point. That is not what they did. It looks like now they are saying maybe two hikes next year instead of three, that is a little bit of moderation but it is not nearly what the market was hoping for. The economic data has been pretty good but there have been pockets of weakness in some of the interest rate sensitive parts like housing and automobiles. So the market in a way had talked itself into presuming the Fed would be as dovish as they were hoping for. That is not consistent with what the Fed has been saying. But retail sales were strong, the unemployment rate is still low, job creation is still strong. The Fed is saying maybe not 2.5 percent GDP growth next year but 2.3 percent, that is above trend. So the Fed is still convinced the market remains pretty strong and there is at least a threat of higher inflation resulting from the strong jobs market. And investors put too much weight on the price action over the last week or two. So this is clearly going to be a disappointment.” JUAN PEREZ, SENIOR CURRENCY TRADER, TEMPUS, INC, WASHINGTON “The U.S. Dollar will likely show resilience to losing some of its value since the hike does represent a higher return for investors. However, the initial take is that Powell and the committee may have had second thoughts about the originally thought pace of hikes for next year. “The economy seems to have a bad aura around it. Everybody seems to be somewhat in agreement, and the sentiment has manifested itself in the form of doubts about increasing borrowing costs too quickly. “We predict the dollar will swing as it closes the year, but will be on a downward trend if indeed the Fed admits more caution and monitoring of lagging indicators is needed before further tightening.” JAMIE COX, MANAGING PARTNER, HARRIS FINANCIAL GROUP, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA “I think that markets were looking for more in terms of the pause. But I think the Fed gave it to us. By lowering the outlook to two hikes versus three, this is the way the Fed steps itself down. It’s not as dovish as expected but I do believe the Fed will ultimately back off even further as we move into the new year.” “If you were to look historically, the market’s initial knee jerk reaction tends to be the wrong one.” Americas Economics and Markets Desk; +1-646 223-6300
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Improving Society Through Innovation
7,539,898 - Method of increasing system availability by assigning process pairs to processor pairs
Abstract:
A method is provided of assigning processors in a multiprocessor environment to a plurality of processes that are executed in the multiprocessor environment. Each process has a process pair defined by a primary process that executes on a first processor, and a backup process that executes on a second processor. There are a plurality of process pairs. The processors are in communication with one another via a communication network. The processors are associated with a plurality of predefined processor pairs. First, a plurality of process pairs are provided that are initially assigned to a respective plurality of pairs of processors, wherein at least one of the processors in the plurality of pairs of processors is initially assigned to more than one processor pair. Each processor is then assigned to only one of the predefined processor pairs so that no processor belongs to more than one processor pair. Then, each of the plurality of process pairs are assigned to a respective one of the predefined processor pairs. This assigning process results in a configuration that reduces the number of failure modes from the number of failure modes that exists in the initial configuration.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Colin McCourt
Colin McCourt (born 11 December 1984) is an English middle distance runner.
In 2017 Colin hit the headlines for a bet he was undertaking. Having ballooned to 94 kg (14.8 stone) since retiring from athletics, he stands to win £1700 after finishing a 5k in under 16 minutes in 2017. If he failed he had to have the names of seventeen of his friends tattooed onto his back. He finished the race in 15:38 thus beating the bet significantly.
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WIKI
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Op-Chart; Pyramids a la Carte
When the government unveiled its updated food pyramid last week, it offered diets pegged to a person's level of fitness, age and so forth. In keeping with this spirit of individualism, the Op-Ed page asked five chefs with New York restaurants what they ate on a typical day, and very roughly calculated how their menus would fit into the new pyramid. The results were, well, diverse, but for the chefs, food isn't something to be forced into categories. On one end of the spectrum, the raw-food chef Matthew Kenney said, ''I eat simply to feel good,'' while on the other, Anthony Bourdain, whose menu included a breakfast cigarette and beer, said, ''I don't think I've omitted any vital food group.''
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Phlogiston Or Oxygen
Phlogiston was a theory of burning matter that said that a substance, phlogiston, came out of burning material, and was what actually burned. Stands to reason - you burn a piece of paper and what is left is smaller than what you started with. The phlogiston has come out of the paper.
The new theory said that something, oxygen, came out of the air and was added to a material while it was burning.
The phlogiston theory didn't describe all the data perfectly, but then the oxygen theory didn't, either. The phlogiston theory did a pretty good job at describing what would burn, and the fact that it emitted light and heat. The phlogiston theory did a poor job of explaining things like the fact that metals increased in mass when you burned them.
Adherents of the two paradigms simply couldn't talk to each other. One saw something being added, the other something being taken away. They had absolutely no basis for communication. The only resolution was when the oxygen theory began making more accurate predictions and younger scientists took to it. Eventually, the phlogiston scientists died off.
It is interesting that Priestly, who is labeled the discoverer of oxygen in all the high-school chemistry books, went to his death-bed arguing furiously that he did no such thing. He was a believer in phlogiston, and he believed that he had done what he set out to do, which was to extract all the phlogiston from air. He believed that dephlogisticated air would have such an attraction for phlogiston (for nature abhors a vacuum) that material would burn much faster in it. He produced it, and found that paper would nearly explode when burned in it. He was very pleased with the results. His opponents said that he had actually discovered how to make pure oxygen, and that is how he is remembered. (Story taken from TheStructureOfScientificRevolutions by Kuhn.)
Paradigm shifts are not a HegelianDialectic. One paradigm makes more compelling predictions than the other. People new to the field adopt that paradigm. Eventually the old one goes away. (Kuhn disputes the claim that the new paradigm necessarily makes better predictions than the old.)
I am reminded, for all the rabid blathering about the Church suppressing Galileo, that his fellow scientists were also skeptical. His theory still required epicycles to explain apparent planetary motion, and implied a stellar parallax that the instruments of the time could not measure.
The scientists weren't also skeptical because the Church wasn't skeptical. It was certain and hostile. Do you think its actions would deserve any more or less criticism had it turned out Galileo was incorrect?
The Galileo affair has been used to paint a simplistic view of the Renaissance Church.
Agreed. At the particular moment the church was trying to be simplistic, since they were in the middle of an effort to standardize their teachings. That's what Galileo was stepping on, although they were relatively lenient and he showed exceptionally poor tact. Things were different both before and after. But at the same time, this doesn't change that they were suppressing him, and neither does the skepticism of his peers.
But that's not the point. The point is that the old science-vs-religion saw is not a complete and accurate description of what happened. Some churchmen defended Galileo, many scientists did not.
The truth is much more complex than the "science vs religion" morality play version of events that is taught in history class.
I'm at a loss to understand what 'phlogiston vs. oxygen' has to do with 'religion vs. science'. I don't believe there was any religious doctrine at stake in the debate.
Nothing much, but both show that scientific progress often proceeds with bitter political rows and not by some sort of infallible higher proof. This is often a surprise to those not involved in science.
See also DarkSuckers.
CategoryStory
View edit of June 4, 2006 or FindPage with title or text search
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Republican Revolution
Redirect proposal
There's not much here. The title is too vague anyways. "Republican revolution" is not limited to China. Redirect to History of the Republic of China? --Jiang
Propose Merge
I think this article should be merged with U.S. House election, 1994. There isn't much there, but there's a lot less here, and the topics are not really independent. Republican Revolution is just a POV title forthe same thing. --Mm35173 20:56, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
* Not unreasonable, but isn't part of the "revolution" that the Republicans gained control of the Senate as well? (even though their last majority there was only 8 yrs prior, not the 40 as in the House).
Kaisershatner 15:43, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
* This article is a good candidate for expansion, rather than merger. It would be more complete if it included some reference to the platform and agenda of the 'revolutionaries', and some analysis of the progress, or lack thereof, that has followed. --Dschor 20:59, 1 December 2005 (UTC)
The article should not be merged, but rather expanded because it is now part of: my american history chronology
* The article must NOT be merged. The "Republican Revolution" is a subject into itself, separate from the House Elections of 1994 because it involves not just the House, but the Senate and the governorships as well. Therefore it deserves its own page. -- Judson 01:49, 8 January 2006 (UTC)
* This article absolutely should not be merged. The "Republican Revolution" was really a clean sweep - they went from being in the minority in the Senate, House, and governorships to being in the majority in all three. It was a sweeping party victory which has not been seen since and is rarely seen on such a scale. It can't be merged also because there's no one article to merge it into. Can we take down the merge box now? - RPIRED 21:38, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
I don't get this article's purpose. It doesn't once mention WHY the Democrats lost so much power of how the platforms were different/ It didn't once even mention the Assault Weapons Ban. - Interslice
This should be a separate article, but it should be clear that this is a partisan term, as let's face it, it wasn't a revolution. Just as the 2006 victory for the Democrats wasn't a revolution. It should be about the term, with a brief election background. Wikipediatoperfection 05:36, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
Don't say what you don't know. We don't know the long term impact of 2006 elections. Don't say it's over until the fat lady sings. And yes, I mean hillary clinton. <IP_ADDRESS> 19:18, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
Policy section
One reason the article feels incomplete is that there are no discussion of policy changes like welfare reform and national security. Each Congress session could have its own subsection where notable policies are highlighted. Infernalfox 10:47, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
* The place to put such discussions would be in articles like 105th United States Congress, not in this article. This article might have a quick (as in, two sentence) summary and link, but this article is not the place that someone would look to find out the policy changes implemented by, say, the 105th U.S. Congress. John Broughton | Talk 19:20, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
* There is no doubt that the Republican Revolution of 1994 produced a critical and history-defining political shift, from a relatively moderate “conservative coalition” to a far-right Republican Party against a centrist Democratic Party almost exclusively based in urban areas. The Republican Revolution coincided with – indeed is firmly related to – the growth of radical anti-government extremist movements, witnessed in Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City bombing a few months subsequently, and also to the growth of radical right news media, like Fox News. I myself began to observe this when I read Peter Kreeft in the late 1990s. The effects of the shift has been seen in – despite an increase in Democratic presidential popular vote shares – policies much more favourable to the extremely rich and opposed to the poor and nonwhites than observed even during the Reagan era. Before the Republican Revolution, even GOP congressmen supported the Voting Rights Act and campaign finance reform, but the new generation of Republican congressmen and state legislators – like, critically, the immense majority of rural white Americans ever since 1964 – wanted to gut all civil rights and voting rights legislation, and all public support for nonwhite welfare. Luokehao | Talk 08:30, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
No Content :(
This article does not really have a lot of content or, as noted above, history or explanation in it. Probably not unlike the Democrats winning in 2006, the Republicans win in 1994 was largely a rejection of how the Democratic party was handling Congress -- i.e. The house banking scandal, the house post office scandal, missing money, high crime rate, closed doors during national health care discussions, national sales tax proposals, tax hikes, etc. <IP_ADDRESS> 02:05, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
Vote for Deletion
I think this article should be removed, as it has no unique content to offer whatsoever. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:09, 21 January 2010 (UTC)
* I oppose, the article describes a sociopolitical phenomenon in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, when neo-conservatism has won the house, senate, presidency (the George W. Bush administration) and hearts of millions of American voters. It owuld be nice to discuss what brought on the "Republican Revolution" from the end of the Cold war to the early 1990s recession to the L.A. Riots in '92, has moved a sizable majority of Americans into the side of conservatives and Republicans on fiscal and social issues.+ <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:12, 3 February 2010 (UTC)
Government Shutdown
Shouldn't we at least mention the 1995 government shutdown? -- Bertrc (talk) 19:05, 25 September 2013 (UTC)
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No mention of the 1994 assault weapons ban in this?
Seems like a big omission. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rja13ww33 (talk • contribs)
* I am more than a little surprised by that too. The passage of AWB94, as part of the crime bill, was certainly a factor in the midterms.-- Surv1v4l1st ╠Talk║Contribs╣ 22:59, 20 February 2022 (UTC)
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User:Srlittle7696/gap analysis
Gap analysis
* What is the title of the article in which you identified a gap. If no article exists at all, what should the title be?
Elizabeth Berdann
* Document the gap you found, describe how you identified it, and analyze its impact on knowledge.
While looking for an artist to write about for this assignment I went on to the Brooklyn Museum website database of feminist art. While looking through the database I came across Elizabeth Berdann, a feminist artist who works with a lot of seemingly sexual imagery and conceptual art that I found very interesting. When I googled Berdann I did find information about her on the internet but I was not able to find any Wikipedia articles of this artist. By not having an article on Berdann we see the limitation of knowledge on the basis of sex and/or gender. Knowledge on feminist and female artists is severely limited, especially feminist artists who are also women, considering art by men is more easily accessible, as is information on it. Berdann is not an extremely well known artist but she does have multiple pieces which have garnered attention from many sources. While she has not gotten much far spread exposure she is known to a certain degree in the feminist art world and her art is worth much more attention. While looking into Berdann I was surprised to find that Berdann has a connection to Hannah Wilke, a well-known feminist artist who does in fact have a Wikipedia page, on this page, however, there is no mention of Berdann or their relationship.
* Propose a paragraph of new or substantially edited content based on reliable sources. (If you are editing existing content, post the current version along with your edited version, and clearly mark which is which.)
Elizabeth Berdann is an Allentown, PA born painter and multimedia visual artist. Born in 1956, the daughter of one of five sisters and granddaughter of a victim of the pre Roe v. Wade era, her grandmother died of a self-administered abortion and Berdann credits this for not only her family’s strong ideals of gender equality but also her own feminist views. One of Berdann’s first brushes with feminist art came in January of 1979. Berdann assisted at the Smith College Museum’s “Contemporary Women in the Visual Arts” panel and exhibit. When working there she met Hannah Wilke, who allowed Berdann to assist her with her gum sculpture by chewing three packs of gum and watching as Wilke put the piece together. Identifying as a Third Wave feminist Berdann looked at the last generation’s tactics as being unreasonably combative and so she took on a much humorous approach on her feminist views as well as her art. Berdann’s art often uses body imagery in compelling ways but her specialty is miniature portraits, forcing Berdann to pay extreme attention to detail in her art, so much detail that her miniature paintings often take up to 20 hours. Berdann has been educated at many institutions, including: Parson’s, Smith College, and Ecole des Beaux Arts. After high school, where she won a Regional Certificate of Merit in 1972, Berdann moved to New York, where she resides today, continuing to produce art in SOHO.
* List the reliable sources that could be used to improve this gap. (You can use the Cite tool from the editing toolbar above to input and format your sources.)
* http://www.haaedu.org/elizabeth-berdann
* http://blog.artandwriting.org/2012/03/14/meet-elizabeth-berdann-scholastic-awards-alum-from-the-1970s/#more-3285
* http://dailyserving.com/2010/04/elizabeth-berdann/
* https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/elizabeth-berdann
* http://elizabethberdann.com/about/statement/
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India's RCom gets bondholders' nod for asset sale
(Reuters) - India’s Reliance Communications Ltd (RCom) (RLCM.NS) said on Wednesday its bondholders had approved their asset-sale plan, that includes the sale of certain assets to upstart rival Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd. Holders of the debt-laden telecom operator’s $300 million bonds have also approved the monetization of other real-estate assets, RCom said in a statement. RCom also got approval for the partial release of noteholder collateral to help the sale get underway, the company said, adding the proceeds would be used for partial redemption of notes. RCom last week had moved the Supreme Court in a desperate attempt to complete the asset sale and to also avoid going to the National Company Law Tribunal, according to a report in The Economic Times. Earlier this month, the firm lost its appeal in the Bombay High Court against an arbitration tribunal ruling in the Ericsson (ERICb.ST) case, where the Swedish company sought payment of unpaid dues. Anil Ambani-controlled RCom got shareholders’ nod in February to sell its wireless assets to Reliance Jio, the telecom unit of Mukesh Ambani-led Reliance Industries Ltd (RELI.NS). Reporting by Vishal Sridhar in Bengaluru; Editing by Amrutha Gayathri and Sherry Jacob-Phillips
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nitrocalcite
Noun
* 1) A hydrated calcium nitrate mineral that forms as an efflorescence where manure contacts concrete or limestone in a dry environment, as in stables or caverns.
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User:Satyam raj sanu/sandbox
Satyam raj sanu (born 16th Dec1996).also known as satyam, satya & sanu is an electronics and communication engineer
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Support » Plugin: Gutenberg » How can I enable the usage of the whole browser width?
• Resolved Rolf Wilhelm
(@rolfwilhelm)
To be honest, I like to write native HTML code. And it looks like as long as my pages (I use a lot of static pages) are not converted to the Gutenberg “block mode”, editing the legacy pages this way seems to be the best.
But, the HTML code editor available with Gutenberg is using only a small percentage of the screen/browser width making the text hard to read.
It looks like the same happens if using the visual editor mode with blocks.
I am using big screens and I want to get the most out of it.
Any way to change this behaviour?
Thanks,
Rolf.
• This topic was modified 1 year, 4 months ago by Rolf Wilhelm.
Viewing 4 replies - 1 through 4 (of 4 total)
• I think the current width is probably best for the average user (see https://baymard.com/blog/line-length-readability).
As a power user, you could customize it with a browser extension like Stylebot or Stylish, though.
@iandunn: Well, the ideal width of a line of type depends on the font size, so it is something that should be adjustable in the theme settings. I think there are some hooks or whatnot for customizing the Gutenberg interface? A browser extension is not going to be that portable. Having the UI match the design of the theme would be great, if the coder wanted to be editing in visual mode.
But, when editing code, programmers do not usually want line wraps, anyway. So it makes sense to have the HTML editor as wide as possible, if the goal is to make it useful for developers.
Hello both. Exactly, too wide lines are not good (I can live with that statement and even old plain text emails have a builtin line break at 76 characters), but having the same applied to a “code editor” (and not the visual editor trying to follow the “WYSIWYG” principle) is far away from perfection and usability.
Themes can definitely control the width if they’d like. Here’s an example from the Ohana theme:
https://github.com/Automattic/ohana/blob/e31ecab/assets/stylesheets/editor-style.css#L7-L12
It works the same way as how you’d control the width of the Classic editor.
You could do that from an mu-plugin as well, if you wanted to apply it to all themes across a Multisite network, or conditionally for specific users, etc.
Viewing 4 replies - 1 through 4 (of 4 total)
• The topic ‘How can I enable the usage of the whole browser width?’ is closed to new replies.
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The Saint Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow has become one of the most recognized visual landmarks of Russia. It was built by Tsar Ivan IV, the terrible between the years 1555 AD to 1561 AD to commemorate his victory and capture of Kazan and Astrakhan. Kazan opened the way for Russia to expand towards the south towards the Caspian sea and towards the east to Siberia so as for it to become a true empire. As such the St. Basil’s Cathedral was a politically significant structure that today has become a world heritage site and is used as a museum of history and architecture. The church was designed and built by two architects Posnik and Barma. While the cathedral is a known architectural monument, several aspects of its design and history still to date remain unknown. Here are some interesting lesser-known facts of the cathedral that have been documented over the years.
- Although it is popularly known as Saint Basil’s Cathedral, originally it was called the Cathedral of Intercession of the Virgin by the moat as it was built to commemorate the capture of Kazan which occurred on the same day as the Feast of the Intercession of the Virgin in 1552. It was built on the moat which previously surrounded the Kremlin and was later covered up. It was later named after Saint Basil (the blessed), the fool for Christ, as he had correctly prophesied about a fire breaking out in Moscow in the year 1547. He later died in 1552 and his body was buried in the vaults of the church.
- The cathedral was the first building built on the moat that gave the Red square its present-day characteristic silhouette as the pyramidal roofs had not yet been on the Kremlin towers.
- The cathedral originally had eight small chapels arranged around the main cathedral in the center. The ninth chapel on the periphery was later added in 1588 by Fyodor I to house the tomb of Saint Basil. The central cathedral would rise above the others vertically having a height of 47.5 m. This was supposed to be symbolic of the dominance of the Tsar over the faithful public.
- The colorful rendering of the cathedral is an anomaly to the usual Russian style of architecture. It was normal practice for the Russians to keep the structure in white and have the domes above painted in gold. This was how the cathedral too was originally conceived to match the white stones of the Kremlin, however, the colors were later added in the 17th century inspired from the description of the Kingdom of Heaven from the Book of Revelations. It was painted in several stages to achieve its present-day colorful form.
- It is also the first structure to have adapted the traditional construction style in wood to the brick form in the cathedral. Therefore, a new never before seen style of architecture emerged in Russia which was not comparable to any other structure ever built. The onion-shaped domes were also a later addition to the design. The domes were added in the restoration works done post the fire of 1595.
- The Red square being the central place in Moscow, also the site of the earlier Trinity Church and a place of political prominence was chosen to be the site of the Saint Basil’s Cathedral. However, it is also believed that the place where the cathedral stands today was also the place where the saint’s Peter and Alexei, who left the Kremlin, met Sergius of Radonezh and Varlaam Khutynsky to pray for the protection of Moscow from the invasion of the Tatar khan Mukhhammed-Grey. Thus, the place acquires a sacral quality and denotes the presence of the Lord in the ruling of the sovereign state.
- The Church has almost been destroyed twice. The first time in 1812, when the French forces occupied Moscow and Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to destroy the church. However, they had to retreat before they could do so and the cathedral was saved. The second time was during the Soviet period, it is believed that Stalin wanted to burn down the cathedral to establish the end of the Tsardom in Russia and signify the new regime. However, Pyotr Baranovsky, an architect and restoration artist wrote a letter pleading him to refrain from tearing down an architectural marvel and offering his own life in exchange. This spared the cathedral; however, the architect was imprisoned for five years as compensation.
- The most remarkable part of the design of the Saint Basil’s Cathedral is that it stands apart from any of the cathedrals built in Europe in the 15th or 16th century. It was truly unique and nothing like it was built before it or has been built after. Several historians in their writings have thus appropriately struggled to describe it as they lacked a reference point for it and often resorted to the analogies of nature to describe its appearance or aesthetics.
- It is a popular myth that Ivan the Terrible had the architects of the Cathedral blinded after its completion to restrict them from replicating its design elsewhere. It is, however doubtful that this would be true as the architect involved named Posnik is referenced to have been involved in building the Annunciation Cathedral and the walls of the Kremlin.
- Only one of the original bells from the several in the belfry has survived and continues to function. After the Soviet authorities acquired control of the cathedral in 1929, they ordered all the bronze bells to be melted down and surprisingly only one of them has still survived.
The cathedral was one of the first structures to have come under the ownership of the Soviet state post the Bolshevik revolution in 1923 and was converted into a museum of art and history. In 1929, it officially became a branch of the State Historical Museum. In 1990, it was declared to be a UNESCO World Heritage site along with the Red Square and the Kremlin.
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Does the Eurofighter have an autopilot?
Does the Eurofighter have an autopilot?
Throughout the design process of the Eurofighter Typhoon, the needs of the single seat pilot have been paramount. Voice + Throttle And Stick (VTAS) enables single pilot operations even in the most demanding Air-to-Air, Air-to-Surface and swing-role missions.
Why did France leave Eurofighter?
France, an early partner, eventually dropped out over concerns about its domestic aviation industry, and the need for a carrier-capable variant. The Eurofighter project survived the collapse of defense spending at the end of the Cold War, with a prototype first flying in 1994.
Is the Eurofighter a good plane?
Eurofighter Typhoon has an unparalleled safety record. Proven in battle and hostile environments, it is designed to keep its pilots safe and operational. The leading-edge sensor technology delivers unprecedented accuracy for both Air-to-air and air-to-surface operations in all weather conditions.
How high can a Eurofighter fly?
Brakes off to Mach 1.5 at 35,000ft: less than 2 minutes 30 seconds. Maximum altitude: 55,000ft.
What will replace the Eurofighter?
The aircraft is intended to enter service from 2035 replacing the Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft in service with the RAF and AMI and the JAS 39 Gripen in Swedish service. Two billion pounds will be spent by the British government on the project by 2025….BAE Systems Tempest.
Tempest
Status Under development
Which is better Eurofighter vs F-35?
The Eurofighter is multi-role while the F-35 is better armed and stealth….Eurofighter vs F-35.
CATEGORY EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON F-35 LIGHTNING 2
Speed (km/h) 4248 4248
Radar Euroradar CAPTOR AN/APG-81 AESA
Radar overall rating excellent excellent
BVR Technology 87% 92%
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Talk:NOS4A2
...Great book. If I have a nitpick, tongue firmly in cheek, it would be that.... even in a fantasy, I feel that factual stuff which is included in the narrative should be correct. I realise that it has no effect on the story.--- Rolls-Royce cars were never made in Bristol, but in Crewe. Also if a gas is going to ignite, it won't be nitrogen... you are breathing the stuff! Any one of many inflammable bottled gasses would have done nicely.
Looking forward to the next book Shaun Walton, B.C. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:39, 28 November 2013 (UTC)
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January 2, 2022
10 Methods Facebook Destroyed My Web Proxy Without Me Noticing
UHD(4K) 3480x2160 - The really useful proxy decision for this is 960x540 i.e. ¼ of the complete decision. So as a substitute of getting direct interplay, a proxy server is the one which does all the work. Both net proxies and VPNs have their uses and one will be more beneficial over the other depending on the task at hand. DVRs will likely be more nicely-known due to the benefit together with show quality. These girls taught me to be much less judgmental and more empathic. Experimental results have revealed that the proposed SVM-LRU, SVM-GDSF and C4.5-GDS significantly improve the performances of LRU, GDSF and GDS respectively. The caching simulation results additionally present that temporal locality arising out of short-term correlations between references is important only for small caches. The proposed clever approaches are evaluated by trace-driven simulation. Efficiency is evaluated in simulation for numerous neural community structures and cache situations. Latency will increase when a request has to make plenty of community hops round servers internationally before it reaches the server that is to process it. Download and entry to the same proxy utilizing both HTTP and Socks5 proxy servers. These net based proxy servers can also supply safety functions by stopping deadly laptop viruses and blocking undesirable internet pages.
Neural networks are educated to classify cacheable objects from actual world knowledge sets using info known to be important in web proxy caching, corresponding to frequency and recency. A paid proxy server supplies a further boundary of safety by encrypting your info. • Enterprise-grade safety for Android - Security is enforced by isolating personal and company assets from each other and encrypting all company assets residing on the gadget. 4. Choose “Amazon Linux 2 AMI” tier (this is free of charge for one yr). From about three months to nearly a full yr after the process, Lee and her associates conducted experiments wherein, using fMRI, they noticed the rats' brains earlier than, throughout and after stimulating the implanted cells with pulses of blue laser gentle or, as a management, yellow laser light. Israeli media have urged the UAE - along with Gulf neighbor Bahrain, which also formalized ties with Israel last 12 months - could also be excited about joint defenses against Iranian-made drones. Turkey is also engaged in an effort to mend its frayed ties with regional powers, including Egypt and Saudi Arabia, after finding itself increasingly remoted internationally. That's as a result of it provided followers-in-the-stands cutouts for 40 professional sports activities groups and Division 1 faculty teams, including the Oakland A's and San Francisco Giants; the LSU Tigers, USC Trojans, and San Francisco 49ers; and the Milwaukee Bucks and Golden State Warriors.
In this paper, machine studying techniques are used to reinforce the performances of conventional Web proxy caching policies resembling Least-Lately-Used (LRU), Greedy-Dual-Size (GDS) and Greedy-Dual-Measurement-Frequency (GDSF). proxylist101.net Learning Yiddish from scratch was a problem that grew to become an obsession. In this paper, we deal with a typical problem faced by all internet-primarily based pluggable transports - the need to completely emulate the complexities of an internet-browser and web-server. Those hesitating on behalf of their children will be a challenge. She hushed me and wrote a observe to me on paper: “Let go, trust the journey and issues will happen.” Reading it soothed me then, and nonetheless does now. I nonetheless have my criticisms, although I now see complexities, too. Now all we should do is cease compose and run it again, all must be operating and prepared. How does this handle dependencies, for instance if I'm engaged on a python undertaking and i have to run a pip set up.
From the age of three to six I used to be very sick. We imagine clients have the suitable to expertise the good performance and reliability of our Crawlera proxy network earlier than committing to a paid plan, and this permits that. The continued progress of the World-Broad Web and the emergence of new finish-person technologies resembling cable modems necessitate the usage of proxy caches to scale back latency, network traffic and Internet server loads. One of the vital acknowledged manufacturers in the virtual non-public network field. Then one night I went to my balcony and appeared out across Tel Aviv, my city: my face was blaring out on so many people’s Television screens. What goes out. HYB will develop into superior to LAT, and so Experiments 3 and four additional investigate HYB. So If the name is planets then the key shall be planets. When utilizing a proxy website, you'll log into a selected webpage tackle. You will also be capable of restrict the quantity of overages you can incur into, to protect towards unexpected bills.
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Categories
lumen dating review
What is actually Self pleasure and it is Relationship with The hair on your head?
What is actually Self pleasure and it is Relationship with The hair on your head?
Every day in the wide world of sexual myths, this new stories emanate out of how therefore-thus can cause which, as well as how you should avoid you to. In this article, i debunk this new misconception away from masturbation about balding.
Self pleasure requires the arousal of the genitals/erogenous zones to help you derive sexual pleasure. Over the years, genital stimulation might generally approved when you look at the people, given that thinking-satisfaction is now regarded as pertinent to using a wholesome sex lives.
Now, how does genital stimulation apply at locks?
This misconception from masturbation ultimately causing baldness is dependent on the theory that when a person ejaculates often, he will lose protein who would have improved his hair growth. Regardless if you are male or female, it is very important understand that thinking-satisfaction has nothing related to balding, as well as in fact, abrupt loss of locks are because of hidden medical conditions or hormone changes.
Seven Factors behind Hair loss?
According to the Western Academy out of Dermatology, somebody get rid of anywhere between 50 and 100 strands of tresses each day, or more so you can 250 strands toward wash day.
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Talk:Cemaes Head
Name
Brilliant article User:Hogyn Lleol - congrats. Am I right in assuming the name is associated with Cemais (Dyfed), and should this go in the article? I don't know which would have come first. Best, Tony Holkham (Talk) 19:03, 24 August 2015 (UTC)
* Thanks, Tony. Greetings from the north. Was down your way a couple of weeks ago (glorious weather!) and on returning home was surprised to find that there was no article on Cemaes Head. Want to explore it more next time! I'd not come across the Cemais Hundred, so thanks for that, but having just looked at it, the two are clearly related. I'll put in something tomorrow. As to which came first, it's hard to say. I'll try and do some digging .... (btw - I note that there is another Cemais Hundred on Anglesey, where there is a Cemaes and Cemaes Bay. No mention of the Hundred though. However it does give a clue to the name, though with no citation - The name Cemaes was originally spelt Cei Maes meaning Field Quay, but over the years the "i" has been dropped. All the best, Hogyn Lleol (talk) 19:45, 24 August 2015 (UTC) (Tony too)
* ✅ Thanks for the heads-up on that one, Tony. Found some very useful stuff. Hogyn Lleol (talk) 10:44, 25 August 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
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Functions
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Types
type Config
type Config struct {
sync.Mutex
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
Config is the structure holding all information about the supervisor
func NewSupervisor
func NewSupervisor(collector collector.EventCollector, enforcerInstance enforcer.PolicyEnforcer, mode constants.ModeType, implementation constants.ImplementationType, networks []string) (*Config, error)
NewSupervisor will create a new connection supervisor that uses IPTables to redirect specific packets to userspace. It instantiates multiple data stores to maintain efficient mappings between contextID, policy and IP addresses. This simplifies the lookup operations at the expense of memory.
func (*Config) SetTargetNetworks
func (s *Config) SetTargetNetworks(networks []string) error
SetTargetNetworks sets the target networks of the supervisor
func (*Config) Start
func (s *Config) Start() error
Start starts the supervisor
func (*Config) Stop
func (s *Config) Stop() error
Stop stops the supervisor
func (*Config) Supervise
func (s *Config) Supervise(contextID string, containerInfo *policy.PUInfo) error
Supervise creates a mapping between an IP address and the corresponding labels. it invokes the various handlers that process the parameter policy.
func (*Config) Unsupervise
func (s *Config) Unsupervise(contextID string) error
Unsupervise removes the mapping from cache and cleans up the iptable rules. ALL remove operations will print errors by they don't return error. We want to force as much cleanup as possible to avoid stale state
type Implementor
type Implementor interface {
// ConfigureRules
ConfigureRules(version int, contextID string, containerInfo *policy.PUInfo) error
// UpdateRules
UpdateRules(version int, contextID string, containerInfo *policy.PUInfo) error
// DeleteRules
DeleteRules(version int, context string, ipAddresses policy.ExtendedMap, port string, mark string, uid string) error
// SetTargetNetworks sets the target networks of the supervisor
SetTargetNetworks([]string, []string) error
// Start initializes any defaults
Start() error
// Stop cleans up state
Stop() error
}
Implementor is the interface of the implementation based on iptables, ipsets, remote etc
type Supervisor
type Supervisor interface {
// Supervise adds a new supervised processing unit.
Supervise(contextID string, puInfo *policy.PUInfo) error
// Unsupervise unsupervises the given PU
Unsupervise(contextID string) error
// Start starts the Supervisor.
Start() error
// Stop stops the Supervisor.
Stop() error
// SetTargetNetworks sets the target networks of the supervisor
SetTargetNetworks([]string) error
}
A Supervisor is implementing the node control plane that captures the packets.
type TestSupervisor
type TestSupervisor interface {
Supervisor
MockSupervise(t *testing.T, impl func(contextID string, puInfo *policy.PUInfo) error)
MockUnsupervise(t *testing.T, impl func(contextID string) error)
MockStart(t *testing.T, impl func() error)
MockStop(t *testing.T, impl func() error)
MockAddExcludedIPs(t *testing.T, impl func(ips []string) error)
MockSetTargetNetworks(t *testing.T, impl func(networks []string) error)
}
TestSupervisor is a test implementation for IptablesProvider
type TestSupervisorInst
type TestSupervisorInst struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
A TestSupervisorInst is an empty TransactionalManipulator that can be easily mocked.
func NewTestSupervisor
func NewTestSupervisor() *TestSupervisorInst
NewTestSupervisor returns a new TestManipulator.
func (*TestSupervisorInst) AddExcludedIPs
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) AddExcludedIPs(ips []string) error
AddExcludedIPs is a test implementation of the AddExcludedIPs interface
func (*TestSupervisorInst) MockAddExcludedIPs
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) MockAddExcludedIPs(t *testing.T, impl func(ip []string) error)
MockAddExcludedIPs mocks AddExcludedIPs
func (*TestSupervisorInst) MockSetTargetNetworks
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) MockSetTargetNetworks(t *testing.T, impl func(networks []string) error)
MockSetTargetNetworks mocks the SetTargetNetworks method
func (*TestSupervisorInst) MockStart
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) MockStart(t *testing.T, impl func() error)
MockStart mocks the Start method
func (*TestSupervisorInst) MockStop
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) MockStop(t *testing.T, impl func() error)
MockStop mocks the Stop method
func (*TestSupervisorInst) MockSupervise
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) MockSupervise(t *testing.T, impl func(contextID string, puInfo *policy.PUInfo) error)
MockSupervise mocks the Supervise method
func (*TestSupervisorInst) MockUnsupervise
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) MockUnsupervise(t *testing.T, impl func(contextID string) error)
MockUnsupervise mocks the unsupervise method
func (*TestSupervisorInst) SetTargetNetworks
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) SetTargetNetworks(networks []string) error
SetTargetNetworks is a test implementation of the SetTargetNetworks interface method
func (*TestSupervisorInst) Start
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) Start() error
Start is a test implementation of the Start interface method
func (*TestSupervisorInst) Stop
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) Stop() error
Stop is a test implementation of the Stop interface method
func (*TestSupervisorInst) Supervise
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) Supervise(contextID string, puInfo *policy.PUInfo) error
Supervise is a test implementation of the Supervise interface
func (*TestSupervisorInst) Unsupervise
func (m *TestSupervisorInst) Unsupervise(contextID string) error
Unsupervise is a test implementation of the Unsupervise interface
Directories
Path Synopsis
ipsetctrl
iptablesctrl
mock nolint
provider
provider/mock nolint nolint
proxy Package supervisorproxy package implements the supervisor interface and forwards the requests on this interface to a remote supervisor over an rpc call.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2009 January 28
= January 28 =
Does 'God' start wars? No opinions please
Is there any evidence to show that nations that believe 'God' is on their side are more likely to engage in warlike acts against other nations? No opinions please.--GreenSpigot (talk) 01:42, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* It only covers a short period, but Lewis Fry Richardson's Statistics of Deadly Quarrels probably contains a discussion of this. I might have a look at it myself tomorrow. Algebraist 01:45, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Before I press send I just want to point out that I'm terribly ashamed of myself, because I'm speaking without sources, which is exactly what you asked us not to do (bad Belisarius! No treat for you!). But I want to caution against assuming causation from correlation here. I very much do imagine that countries that are heavily religious goes to war more often than countries that aren't (and would very much appreciate if someone could provide a source to relieve the shame I have brought upon myself and my family), but that doesn't necessarily mean that religion somehow "incites" war. Less religious countries tend to be more liberal and they tend to more often be democracies, and liberal countries and democracies generally tend to go to war less (wow, that's a lot of "tends"). As much is claimed by the democratic peace theory, anyhow. But that doesn't mean necessarily mean that it's the religion that gets people all frenzied and warlike. Greece is much more religious than the UK, but you don't see and Greeks as part of the Iraqi coalition forces. I'm just sayin'. Belisarius (talk) 03:00, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* The question was not about religiosity, but rather about believing God to be on one's side. The one does not necessarily imply the other. Algebraist 03:05, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Look at that, I totally misread the question! Even more shame on my family... I have to go sacrifice a steer or something. Still, I do believe that the concepts are related, and my caution against assuming causation from correlation still stands, I think. Belisarius (talk) 03:13, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Does any religious person ever go to war not thinking god is on their side? --Tango (talk) 18:05, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Yes. All the religious people who don't believe in an entity called 'god', for a start. Algebraist 18:10, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Damn. I make two replies, in one I remember to explicitly exclude that case and the other I don't, so you respond to the latter... typical! --Tango (talk) 21:20, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry, Your second reply had not yet been made when I began composing the above. Algebraist 21:28, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* A good excuse, I suppose! I could, of course, have claimed I was using one of the definitions of religion that requires deism, but that would have been untrue... --Tango (talk) 21:30, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* I'm sure you've read it, but for the sake of those lurking, The True Believer by Eric Hoffer is worth a look. I don't remember how much actual evidence he cites, though. Also, there might be something you can use in the article "Angels of Mons". --Milkbreath (talk) 02:49, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Until the last few decades, pretty much all countries were very religious, as far as I know (although you may wish to exclude Buddhist countries, since they have no god to be on their side), so finding non-religious countries in order to make a comparison may be tricky. If you restrict yourself to just recent history, then there are far too many other factors that will skew your data (not because modern history is particularly different to more distant history, but just because it's a shorter timescale so things can't all average out nicely). --Tango (talk) 18:08, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* On the flipside of this, I am unaware of any nation that actively believes God is not on its side. Pastor Theo (talk) 00:37, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
* Those Westboro Baptist Church folks, while not an entire nation themselves, certainly do not think God is currently on America's side. (Any other sufficiently crazy American church will likely think the same.) Adam Bishop (talk) 02:10, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
* Sure, but they still think their god is on their side. They aren't particularly likely to take part in any wars that the US is fighting, so that doesn't help answer the OP's question. --Tango (talk) 14:03, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
* Why the assumption that there IS a god?--Artjo (talk) 20:37, 31 January 2009 (UTC)
As a matter of fact, always in history, whenever a government decided to engage a war, it used religion to convince his people that it was right, saying that 'God' was on their side, while the enemy was atheist/heretic/unfaithful. So maybe I don't have enough evidence that believing to have God's support is, in itself, a cause of war, as you ask, but I see a lot of evidence that this idea has been used as a weapon in every war. I suspect that some religions were even expressly invented for this use. It is what Swift, Voltaire, Russell said, just to quote three great ones. Hints for evidences of this use of religion: Torah, especially the book of Kings; and of course a lot of Christian and Islamic religious writers. Clear in all Crusades. Before, Constantinus I device of the cross in year 312 ("in hoc signo vinces, a voice told him in dream). Benedictions of all cannons, like they were church bells, as soon as they were invented. Religious propaganda along all fronts of WWI. In the crucial moments of the Great Patriotic War, atheistic Stalin was very ready to replace the red star with a christian cross over all his tanks. On the other side, the atheistic nazi soldiers still had "Gott Mit Uns" written on their belt buckles. And what about the bunch of Talibans? They were indoctrinated and military formed by USA and Saudi Arabia to fight USSR in Afghanistan; as a small detail, it seems that even their holy book was directly made by the CIA --pma (talk) 14:51, 1 February 2009 (UTC)
name the novel (fantasy trilogy)
name the novel (fantasy trilogy)
It's a fantasy trilogy novel series... I can't seem to remember its name though. I read it like 5 years ago... In the first book, there is a family (a mother, a father, twin son and daughter, and a baby) and the book starts off with the family moving within the city into a lower hierarchy region. (in the fictional universe of the novel, everyone is divided into different social caste status, with each caste represented by different colours) I don't remember much, but the father takes some kind of an exam to make a living or something, and at the end, the twins do something heroic to save the townspeople. in the second book, the twins are now teenagers, and an evil and sinister force lures in millions of innocent children and brainwashes them to form a mind controlled army. It's rather reminiscent of the chinese army in the korean war: in one incident, these children army literally fills a trench with their bodies to get across it. one of the twins' friends gets recruited into the army against his(/her ??) will and eventually the children manage to save them. (or was all of this in the first book?? i really don't know lol) the army keeps on chanting "Kill! Kill! Kill!" Also in the second book, the twins run away, and the girl twin disguises as a servant of a princess. the princess is rather lonely, so she really likes her servant and they become close friends. However, the princess needs to take dancing lessons so that she can dance with a prince in a ball, but she sucks at it. But the twin girl realizes she is quite good at it even though she has never had any dancing lessons before. So, the girl poses as the princess in the ball, and dances beautifully with the prince. Also, the princess falls in love with the twin brother (she hasn't even met him yet), just from hearing stories that the twin sister told her. In the third book, the family and some of the townspeople migrate from their homeland to an unknown paradiseland. during their trip, they encounter an unusual creature or more of a mental parasite that latches onto a particular person and makes them act strange. for example, when the parasite was inside the father (the leader of the pack) it makes him snappy and aggressive, and when the parasite resides inside the princess (she actually left her kingdom to follow the twins' family) it makes her less shy and kisses the twin brother. the twin brother has some kind of a psychic ability, and is able to get rid of the parasite (in the princess's case, he kisses her to understand the parasite better, and to drag the parasite out of her) and in an alongside story arc, there is this round looking hermit that bounces, and it recruits the twin brother as his apprentice or something. the bouncy thing teaches the brother how to do supernatural stuff, including walking on air. the twin sister lives with her brother and this hermit on a boat. she learns to do stuff on her own just by watching the hermit give lessons to the brother. near the end of the book, the twin brother must sacrifice himself to save the world or something so he goes to this island where all kinds of strange mythical sorcerers and creatures meet (including the bouncy). but in the end, the bouncy tells him that it wasn't him that was meant to be sacrificed, it was his sister. He doesn't accept his sister's fate, so he fights with her sister (with mental telekinesis or something) but he realizes she is stronger than him, so the sister sacrifices herself in the end. In the epilogue, the family and the townspeople have found their paradiseland, the twin sister is dead, but her mind resides inside the brother's head (they had this special mental connection since they were children). the brother is now happily married with the princess from the second/third book and they have children.
I read this series while i was in adelaide, australia. I borrowed it from the children's books section in the marion library centre (park holme). I'm not sure if this is an australian novel or an american or british, or even if it went international. I know that my description of the series is quite poor, but any help with remembering the name of these novels would be appreciated. Thanks.Johnnyboi7 (talk) 01:53, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Wind on Fire trilogy. Chaosandwalls (talk) 21:05, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Thanx a lotJohnnyboi7 (talk) 05:10, 31 January 2009 (UTC)
Taiwanese and Koreans in the Japanese Imperial Army
How many Taiwanese and Koreans were recruited/drafted into the Japanese Army in World War 2? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:54, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* For Korea, the first source i find claims 230,000 were drafted from 1938 on, about 150,000 of whom died. From 1939 on, 140,000 were conscripted as workers in the war zone, 60,000 dying during the war. Further, approximately 2 million were sent to Japan as labourers, 1.44 million of whom returned to Korea after the war, with 600,000 remaining. There were also as many as 100,000 (410,000 according to Wikipedia's article) "comfort women" forced to serve as prostitutes for the armed forces. Another source claims 2.5 million total were conscripted during the war.—eric 16:37, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Perhaps "enslaved" would be a better word than "recruited/drafted" to describe the relationship, as I doubt if "no" was an answer they could give and survive. I would guess that any who were used by the Army were used as slave labor, not given weapons. StuRat (talk) 16:41, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Of those drafted into the military,the majority of the Formosans, and i think a significant proportion of the Koreans were employed as guards in POW camps.—eric 16:53, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* "Unfortunately, no documents exist that detail the methods involved in the training and indoctrination of Formosan guards. However, Utsumi Aiko of Keisen University, Japan, conducted extensive research on Korean POW guards and found that more than 3,000 young Korean men were 'recruited' (that is, press-ganged or otherwise forced to 'volunteer') for the prison guard corps. Many of these men feared they would be shipped to Japan as indentured servants if they did not join the corps. Others were perhaps attracted by the high pay rates offered—50 yen per month, a large amount at the time. Those who served in the guard corps were classified as civilian employees rather than members of the military, and many hoped this status would prevent their transfer to the front line and would allow them to be demobilized when their two-year contract was concluded. However, on joining, the new recruits were issued with uniforms, and their basic training was very much military in character, including weapons training. Despite the difference between the promise and the reality of the guard corps, few deserted, possibly because potential deserters were threatened with court-martial."from Hidden Horrors below.—eric 17:00, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Conscription in Formosa began September 1942, more than 200,000 total and more than 30,000 were killed. Tanaka, T. (1996). Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II. p. 38. .—eric 16:53, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* As for Taiwanese, see our article. And this is the article at Japanese Wiki. En Wiki says 207,183 and ja Wiki says 207,083 which is cleary a typo. You can see if you add 126,750 and 80,433. According to the ja article, the number of the Korean serviceman is 242,341 and 22,182 were dead/mia. Japanese Imperial Army recruited volunteers from 1938 to 1943. 2496 Koreans/Taiwanese applied and 406 passed the test in 1938. See the chart #3. Oda Mari (talk) 18:30, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
Awaji-shima, Japan
What does the -shima mean when something like 'Yuji Horii was born in Awaji-shima, Japan' is said? The article on Awaji didn't say anything. Evaunit ♥666♥ 04:59, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* It means island. Oda Mari (talk) 05:25, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* On other words, it sometimes appears as -jima. The character is 島. Steewi (talk) 00:13, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
Poetic gibberish
I recall an english teacher in high school referring a couple of times to a strange form of poetry that consists entirely of gibberish, but flows so smoothly you can't tell unless you pay close attention. Anyone know what she was talking about? Someguy1221 (talk) 06:59, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Literary nonsense and Nonsense verse (for example: Jabberwocky)? Astronaut (talk) 07:22, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* If the above isn't what was meant, but if not you could look at Sound poetry (often associated with Dada), which comprises entirely meaningless sounds. French Symbolist poetry, e.g. Stéphane Mallarmé, was among the more conventional poetic movements that privileged the sensuous quality of words above their meaning. --11:51, 28 January 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Maltelauridsbrigge (talk • contribs)
* You seem to be confusing poetry and verse (the second of those, unfortunately, is a poor stub). In my view, gibberish can't be poetry, although it can be verse. However, as you say "you can't tell unless you pay close attention" I don't think 'gibberish' can be quite the word you want. If by 'gibberish' you mean only something with nonsensical elements which are hard to spot, then that isn't gibberish, and poetry can be like that. Strawless (talk) 01:08, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
* Lewis Carroll would disagree with you on that point. --Jayron32. talk . contribs 05:19, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
* Lots of poems seem like gibberish to me. :) A Quest For Knowledge (talk) 14:42, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
Ernest Hemingway - suicide or murder?
I just recently saw a documentary film about Hemingway which states that he believed that the FBI is going to try to kill him and that few days before his "suicide" he claimed to be followed by the FBI. One of his friends(cant recollect the name) states that when he heard of Hemingways death he thought that "FBI finally got him".
Well,since Hemingway was indeed close to Fidel and its already known that the Kennedy government tryed to kill Fidel,where can I find out more information about Hemingways death and is there a site which reveals the truth about this?
Or is it possible that he just plainly killed himself?
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:38, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Hemingway tried to commit suicide several times; he had a family history of depression, and a personal history of depression for which he had received shock treatments; his father killed himself by gunshot; his sister Ursula, his brother Leicester, and his granddaughter Margaux all killed themselves. It strains credulity to blame his death on the FBI: he shot himself in the forehead with his own rifle. And the FBI didn't go around killing everyone who knew Fidel Castro: what would be the advantage to that? - Nunh-huh 09:24, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* It wouldn't be the FBI anyway, it would be the CIA. They did have some plots to kill folks in Cuba (their success rate was dubious), but I agree that it was very much "in character" for Hemingway. SDY (talk) 15:38, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Agreed. The CIA assassinated people to accomplish geopolitical goals, not because they didn't like them. How would assassinating Hemingway accomplish anything worthwhile, like bringing about the downfall of Castro ? StuRat (talk) 16:33, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Isn't it obvious? As we all know from the James Bond documentaries, secret plots for world conquest are a frequently occurring hazard in our times. Hemingway must have been the ringleader of one of these, but in this case, it was one the CIA were able to shut down (by killing the leader) before Bond had to come in and do it by blowing up a whole island or something. Hence they were able to maintain the secrecy, and as far as the public knows, it was just as if the whole thing never happened. There, will that do? --Anonymous source (in an undisclosed location), 22:56 UTC, January 28, 2009.
* If you're curious, the FBI has posted its files on Hemingway online. They're pretty dull, like most FBI files. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:11, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* There! You see!!! That proves there was a cover-up!!!!! --Anonymous source (at an undisclosed time and location).
* Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. --Sean 00:05, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
Does anyone know where to find ratios of skilled/unskilled workers in UK industry types?
I'm looking for the ratio of skilled to unskilled workers employed in UK industry sectors such as 'construction', 'IT', 'mining' etc., and also the same data for the population as a whole. Data for other countries would be welcome as well. Google searches have failed to find me anything, anyone got any ideas? Thanks for any help, LHMike (talk) 17:19, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* What sort of 'skilled' are we talking. In an less economically developed country, 'skilled' means literate, whereas in the UK, practically everyone meets these criteria. Number with a university degree or equivalent? The Office for National Statistics is probably the best place to start. - Jarry1250 (t, c) 17:34, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* I am not sure if it is a representative sample, but the ratio of skilled to unskilled workers, at the company I work for, is exactly 1 to 46. —Preceding unsigned comment added by MatthewBristol1983 (talk • contribs) 20:13, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* That's pretty useless information if you don't say what that company does... --Tango (talk) 21:28, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Yes, but it's also quite clearly a joke. Malcolm XIV (talk) 09:38, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
* Thanks all, I haven't found any specific details from The Office of National Statistics but it's useful nonetheless. BTW I meant 'skilled' workers in the sense described here. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:45, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
Political Parties based on Arab and African nationalism
I notice that Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Sudan, Djibouti, Somalia and Comoros are both members of African Union and Arab League. Is there any political party in these nations they on which is based on Pan-Africanism and other based on Pan-Arabism? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:00, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Well first off, I'm not sure that abstract pan-Africanism has ever really amounted to much in terms of the practical internal domestic politics of African countries (as opposed to Arab states, where Nasserism and Pan-Arabist qawmiyya قومية ideology was a major factor in causing political turbulence during much of the 1950s to 1970s). Second, it's somewhat mysterious as to why Djibouti and Somalia are members of the Arab League at all, considering that there are few Arabs there.
* However, friction between Arabs and black Africans has been rather prominent in the recent history of Sudan and Mauritania, and was a strong factor in the mid-20th century History of Zanzibar (until the Africans won there). AnonMoos (talk) 08:32, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
* While Morocco is technically a member of the African Union, it has been boycotting the organization for decades, ever since it admitted the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as a member. To getback to the actual question, Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi has gone back and forth between calling himself a pan-Arabist and a pan-Africanist. In most other North African countries, the Arab identity is much stronger than the African identity, because of ethnic, linguistic, religious and cultural factors. Pan-africanism has never really had much popular support in places like Egypt or Algeria, in spite of some official gestures in support of the notion. --Xuxl (talk) 15:55, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
* In Mauritania there is the leftwing-Nasserist Progressive Popular Alliance. There are also Baathist groups. In Sudan there is a Sudanese Baath Party. In both Mauritania and Sudan there are movements with a more African national orientation (FLAM in Mauritania, SPLM in Sudan), but i'm not sure whether they would classify as 'pan-Africanists'. --Soman (talk) 18:36, 29 January 2009 (UTC)
Prison break
In a jurisdiction where escaping from jail is illegal, I would expect that you could still be imprisoned for the escape, even if you are cleared of the original offence - because, even if you weren't guilty of the original offence you were still lawfully imprisoned. So, for example, you were imprisoned for 1 year for shoplifting, but then immediately escaped from prison (and were sentenced to 5 years for escaping), you could still expect to serve those 5 years. Is that right? Are there any real cases were this has happened, and what was the outcome? Thanks LastBusHome (talk) 20:09, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* Yes, this is (at least in my USA knowledge) correct. An example of a recent case is described at 2008 prison break in Clovis, New Mexico. As stated under the "Criminal Charges" section, two of the inmates who were recaptured are facing more than four additional years in prison for the escape. Incidentally, inmates who helped the escapees, but did not themselves escape, also face a penalty. Many more prison escapes are listed at Prison break; many of these likely will describe the penalties for escapees who are subsequently caught. jeffjon (talk) 20:48, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
* I wonder if there have been any cases where a person was convicted, went to prison, then escaped, and then were definitively cleared of the original crime, like the fictional case in The Fugitive. Being convicted and then found factually innocent is usually grounds for compensation, and I'd like to think that regarding the escape they would either be pardoned, or not prosecuted, or at worst sentenced to "time served" (meaning they still get to go free at once), at least if that the original charge was a serious one. But real life has a way of going differently than what one would like to think. Anyone have a real-life case to cite? --Anonymous, 23:08 UTC, January 28, 2009.
* thanks for the spoiler... i'd been looking forward to watching that film, guess i have one less thing to do
* You think a movie starring Harrison Ford could have an unhappy ending? Trust me, it's worth seeing anyway, if you like that sort of movie. --Anonymous, 06:34 UTC, January 31, 2009.
I can comment on "TIME SERVED" as being anything from 0 to six months actually serving time inside before being released on the points system in the U.S. for a first time offence with no prior criminal record.After a period of 3 months inside a federal Prison while being investigated,this person was then released.He also did not escape! Time served does not mean they go free at once! —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:41, 30 January 2009 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Noto Peninsula
The Noto Peninsula (能登半島, Noto-hantō) is a peninsula that projects north into the Sea of Japan from the coast of Ishikawa Prefecture in central Honshū, the main island of Japan. Before the Meiji era, the peninsula belonged to Noto Province. The main industries of the peninsula are agriculture, fisheries, and tourism.
Name
According to Alexander Vovin, the name is derived from Ainu not 'cape' or noto 'big cape'. It is written with two ateji (ad hoc kanji used for an unrelated word): 能 nō 'ability' and 登 tō/to 'ascend'.
Three regions
The area of the Noto Peninsula is divided into three regions.
* Kuchi-Noto (Entrance of Noto):South part of the area. Hakui City, Kahoku City, Hōdatsu-shimizu Town, Shika Town
* Naka-Noto (Middle of Noto):Middle part of the area. Nanao City, Wakura Onsen Resort, Naka-Noto Town, Tatsuruhama
* Oku-Noto (Deep Noto or North Noto):North part of the area. Wajima City, Suzu City, Noto Town, Anamizu Town, Noto Island
In film
The Noto Peninsula features prominently in the Japanese film noir Zero Focus (Zero no Shoten, 1961), directed by Yoshitaro Nomura. The film features breathtaking footage of the peninsula's coast, along with an interesting dissection of the area's social distinctions. Noto Peninsula is also the setting of Hirokazu Koreeda's second film Maborosi (1995) and Shōhei Imamura's final film Warm Water Under a Red Bridge (Akai Hashi no Shita no Nurui Mizu, 2001). Suzu, the city located at the tip of the Noto Peninsula is the setting for the 2014 film Saihate Nite.
Transportation
* JR Nanao Line comes from Kanazawa to Wakura Onsen Station via Unoke, Hakui, Nanao.
* Noto Railway: Small local railway from Wakura to Anamizu.
* Noto Airport: Located between Anamizu and Wajima. Air line to Tokyo International Airport.
* Noto Satoyama Kaido: Stretches from Kanazawa to Anamizu Town.
* No-etu Expressway (partly opened): Comes from Oyabe (Toyama) to Wajima via Nanao and Noto Airport.
* Suzu Road: A free elongation of the Noto Tollway, from Anamizu to Suzu.
* Route 249: National road that stretches around the Noto Peninsula.
Earthquakes
The 2007 Noto earthquake on March 25, 2007 shook the peninsula, causing one death and at least 170 injuries. Between May 2018 and June 2022 the northeastern tip of Noto experienced an earthquake swarm with over 20,000 earthquakes, including 10 with a magnitude over 4. A magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck in May 2023. More than 200 died in the 2024 Noto earthquake on January 1, 2024.
Heritage designation
The Noto Peninsula was designated as a part of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems, awarded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 2011.
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WIKI
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Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a client server publish-subscribe based messaging protocol. This protocol works on the top of TCP/IP, consumes less battery and requires very low bandwidth. So, this protocol is ideal for the constrained environments where network bandwidth is limited such as communication in Machine to Machine and IIoT. It can be used in sensors, industrial automation devices such as PLC’s, etc. MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) protocol complements the necessities of IIoT.
MQTT system consists of a client which either could be the publisher or the subscriber of information, communicating with a server called as “broker”. A publishing client sends a control message to the broker when it has a new data item to distribute. The broker then sends that topic to those clients who have subscribed to that topic. A system may contain several broker servers that exchange data based on their current subscribers’ topics.
Let’s understand MQTT’s importance with an example. Let’s say a SCADA system is connected to a PLC which is reading the change of state of a valve at a remote location every second by using a remote sensor which is using the battery for power. So, that sensor at the remote location constantly need enough power supply and data usage, for which System Integrator have to spend lots of money on the PLC modules, cables and internet connection hardware.
In this scenario MQTT can do a remarkable job of sending the data to PLC by using a low power consuming simple device which can use a satellite or low bandwidth connection to send the data to the PLC, which will further update the status on the SCADA system on the change of state of the valve. Inductive Automation’s Ignition 7.9 is integrated with MQTT to ease integration with edge-of-network and native MQTT devices. MQTT could be used to connect 300 PLC’s over a mobile phone hot spot.
Innorobix Automation is an expert at using MQTT’s with Ignition software platform for creating custom software applications. Innorobix also develop Ignition modules using the Ignition SDK.
We provide Ignition services:
1. We will help you discover what Ignition software you need.
2. We have expert Ignition developers available to get your Ignition projects developed and done.
3. We have expert Ignition developers that can develop new Ignition modules that you want.
4. We can provide you and your staff with onsite or remote training on Ignition.
If you have any Controls Automation or MQTT’s related questions, feel free to contact us.
Innorobix Automation Inc
Call us today at 1(888) 606-3081
Book a discovery call
Continue Reading
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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How to fix tcpip.sys error
What is tcpip.sys?
Tcpip.sys file can cause multiple errors in a computer. The sys file is located at the system sub folder and this is considered as one of the most important file for network and internet connection. If the file is damaged, the computer will not be able to communicate between devices and drivers and as a result it will get blue screen of death.
Here are examples of tcpip.sys error:
Tcpip.sys error can start to appear in the system when the PC had any network problem. When user was trying to connect wireless connection, the PC crashed on blue screen of death. The error string was SYSTEM THREAD EXCEPTION NOT HANDLED and stop code was 0x0007e. This was Windows XP Pro 32 bits operating system. The PC only crashed in normal mode, it was fine in safe mode booting.
After a recent BIOS update, PC had starte4d to show Tcpip.sys error. This was Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bits operating system and computer was crashing on blue screen of death repeatedly. There was a message that popped up on the screen on every 10 seconds that MS is collecting information. The error string was CRITICAL STRUCTURE CORRUPTION and error string was 0x3b.
Tcpip.sys crash had started to take place in the PC that was running on Windows 10 operating system. User purchased it preinstalled, now after installing few security and cumulative updates in the PC it had started to show tcpip.sys crash. Error strings were BAD POOL HEADER and WHEA UNCORRECTABLE ERROR. The PC was crashing to watch Amazon video, opening MS Edge or to play Battlefield 4 on full screen mode.
An OEM build Windows 7 Home Premium 64 bits operating system had started to show errors. Tcpip.sys BSOD started to happen in the PC while opening Network and Sharing centre. For this Tcpip.sys BSOD error string was DRIVER IRQL NOT LESS OR EQUAL and error code was 0xd1. The PC took an auto reboot and then it said PC was shut down to prevent from damage.
After installing updates in the computer an error had started to appear. Tcpip.sys crash had started to appear in the PC in this Windows 8 operating system. The computer got back to back three crashes on a consecutive way. The error string was SYSTEM SERVICE EXCEPTION and stop code was 0x3b.
Tcpip.sys in Windows 7 operating system had started to show errors. After update installation it started to take place. System Restore had failed to work. PC specifications are EVGA x58 SLI motherboard, 2 EVGA 8800GTS in SLI VGA, 8 GB RAM. For this Tcpip.sys in Windows 7 blue screen of death error string was DRIVER IRQL NOT LESS OR EQUAL and stop code was 0xd1.
For tcpip.sys fix, install Max Utilities. This tool is easy to download and install as well as this helps for removing all instances of blue screen of death.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Unable to compile gst-openmax
Hi,
I'm trying to compile gst-openmax inside scratchbox2 following
Felipe's instructions at http://elinux.org/BeagleBoard/gst-openmax,
but the autogen.sh script fails with the following error:
OK. I managed to compile the source just adding a .version file in the
main directory. I think the error was due to the attempt to get a
version from git.
However, when I try to execute the pipeline as per Felipe's
instructions I got the following error:
OK. I fixed this issue (and another one raised, but I will open
another thread...).
The problem is in libomxil-ti compile command. The BRIDGE_LIBS
variable passed to the make command should also include a "-lbridge"
option otherwise the library will not be linked. Moreover, the "-L"
path is wrong because libbridge.so is placed in the top-level
directory of the library source tree. Therefore the right command is:
make BRIDGE_CFLAGS=-I../libdspbridge/inc BRIDGE_LIBS=-L../libdspbridge
-lbridge DESTDIR=rootfs install
Cheers
Pietro
Ooops! Forgot to put quotes in BRIDGE_LIBS. The right command is:
$ make BRIDGE_CFLAGS=-I../libdspbridge/inc BRIDGE_LIBS="-L../
libdspbridge -lbridge" DESTDIR=rootfs install
Pietro
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Difference between revisions of "Platform-releng/Incrementing Version Numbers"
From Eclipsepedia
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Each release of the [[Eclipse]] project, version numbers need updating in various places to indicate the version of the release. This page enumerates all the places where version numbers are written, for use as a checklist each release to ensure we update all version numbers correctly.
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Each release of the [[Eclipse]] project, [[Version Numbering | version numbers]] need updating in various places to indicate the version of the release. This page enumerates all the places where version numbers are written, for use as a checklist each release to ensure we update all version numbers correctly.
+
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Note from 07/26/2012: any of those in 'eclipsebuilder' have been automated, where ant variables known at build time, are filled in before the build actually start. This is true any place you see @eclipseStream@ which is filled in (replaced) by the value of ant variable ${eclipseStream}. eclipseStream is all three digits of a release, such as 4.3.0, or 3.8.1. There are also more fine-grained values of ${eclipseStreamMajor} and ${eclipseStreamMinor} if needed, which would be, if stream was 3.8.1, 3 and 8 respectively.
= Product versions =
= Product versions =
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* org.eclipse.releng.eclipsebuilder/eclipse/buildConfigs/platform.sdk/platform.product
* org.eclipse.releng.eclipsebuilder/eclipse/buildConfigs/platform.sdk/platform.product
* org.eclipse.releng.eclipsebuilder/eclipse/buildConfigs/sdk/builder/sdk.product
* org.eclipse.releng.eclipsebuilder/eclipse/buildConfigs/sdk/builder/sdk.product
+
* org.eclipse.platform-feature/rootfiles/.eclipseproduct
+
* org.eclipse.releng.basebuilder/.eclipseproduct
= Feature versions =
= Feature versions =
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* org.eclipse.platform/plugin.properties
* org.eclipse.platform/plugin.properties
* org.eclipse.sdk/plugin.properties
* org.eclipse.sdk/plugin.properties
+
+
[[Category:Eclipse_Platform_Releng| ]]
Latest revision as of 06:33, 9 July 2013
Each release of the Eclipse project, version numbers need updating in various places to indicate the version of the release. This page enumerates all the places where version numbers are written, for use as a checklist each release to ensure we update all version numbers correctly.
Note from 07/26/2012: any of those in 'eclipsebuilder' have been automated, where ant variables known at build time, are filled in before the build actually start. This is true any place you see @eclipseStream@ which is filled in (replaced) by the value of ant variable ${eclipseStream}. eclipseStream is all three digits of a release, such as 4.3.0, or 3.8.1. There are also more fine-grained values of ${eclipseStreamMajor} and ${eclipseStreamMinor} if needed, which would be, if stream was 3.8.1, 3 and 8 respectively.
Contents
[edit] Product versions
• org.eclipse.releng.eclipsebuilder/eclipse/buildConfigs/platform/platform.product
• org.eclipse.releng.eclipsebuilder/eclipse/buildConfigs/platform.sdk/platform.product
• org.eclipse.releng.eclipsebuilder/eclipse/buildConfigs/sdk/builder/sdk.product
• org.eclipse.platform-feature/rootfiles/.eclipseproduct
• org.eclipse.releng.basebuilder/.eclipseproduct
[edit] Feature versions
Generally feature versions need updating because some plugins have had changes:
• org.eclipse.sdk-feature/org.eclipse.platform-feature/feature.xml
• org.eclipse.sdk-feature/org.eclipse.sdk/feature.xml
• org.eclipse.sdk-feature/org.eclipse.rcp/feature.xml
Other features updated as needed (CVS, help, JDT, PDE, p2 ui)
[edit] Plugin versions
The feature branding plugin versions should match the version of their feature:
• org.eclipse.platform/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
• org.eclipse.sdk/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
If the doc plugins have changed, their version should match the version of the feature they provide doc for. Since doc plugins don't provide any code, usual version evolution guidelines don't apply:
• org.eclipse.platform.doc.user/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
• org.eclipse.platform.doc.isv/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
[edit] Other places
Feature blurbs (shown in about dialog when selecting a single feature):
• org.eclipse.platform/about.properties
• org.eclipse.sdk/about.properties
Product blurbs (shown in main about dialog):
• org.eclipse.platform/plugin.properties
• org.eclipse.sdk/plugin.properties
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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File talk:Map of ancient Epirus and environs.png
Untitled section
I'm not an expert in ancient history, but I couldn't help noticing three mistakes on this map: the locations of Bylazora, Stobi and Astibo. I wonder if the rest of the map is accurate, but these three places need to be put a bit north: Stobi is located at the place where river Erigon meets river Axios. Astibo is at the location of present day Shtip on the river Bregalnica, and Bylazora is even more to the north.
Having said this, it's not a bad idea to check and verify the rest of the toponyms. (Same is true for the map named Dardania.png by the same contributor).
Greetings from the Republic of Macedonia
Also, Macedon was populated with Macedonians. Along with it's territories... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:37, 7 October 2010 (UTC)
* they put desareti as dardanian tribe and they lived in ohrid. the fact is this map is bunch of names poured on the table.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:59, 26 July 2013 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Myanmar Opposition Leader Suu Kyi Sees the ‘Beginning of Change’
Aung San Suu Kyi, the Myanmar
opposition leader, said today she sees the possibility of change
in her country and progress in her struggle to bring democracy
there. “It’s not easy, but it’s getting on,” Suu Kyi said via
satellite during an event organized by the Clinton Global
Initiative, the Sept. 20-22 gathering of former and current
world leaders in New York led by former U.S. President Bill Clinton . “I’m cautiously optimistic that we’re going forward,”
she said. “We are beginning to see the beginning of change.” Suu Kyi spoke at a seminar along with fellow Nobel Peace
Prize winner Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa , who told
the opposition icon that seeing and hearing her left him “like
a smitten young man I love you!” Tutu turns 80 next month. The feeling, she told him, was mutual. The audience applauded as moderator Charlie Rose chuckled. Suu Kyi, 66, said she hadn’t expected her struggle to take
so long. The activist has been either imprisoned or under house
arrest off-and-on for almost a combined 15 years since she
returned to Myanmar, formerly known as Burma , from England in
1988. She was most recently released in November 2010. After her political party, the National League for
Democracy, won a landslide victory in 1990 elections, the
military junta refused to hand over power. More recently, the
junta suppressed 2007 protests, killing at least 13, according
to the Central Intelligence Agency, and arresting thousands. Homes Raided The regime has continued to raid homes and monasteries,
arresting anyone suspected of taking part in pro-democracy
protests, according to the CIA website. Suu Kyi expressed optimism about the eventual success of
her cause and said people all over the world, regardless of
culture or country, understand and appreciate basic ideas
enshrined in the U.S. Constitution. “Everyone can understand ‘life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness,’” she said. “The idea of freedom and security,
beautifully balanced, is a concept that is acceptable to human
beings across the world. This is what we know: people want to be
free and they want to feel secure as well.” When she talks about democracy, she said, she is really
talking about the creation of institutions. One reason for Suu Kyi’s optimism was in the crowds that
greeted her 2010 release. “I noticed the very first day I was
released, there were so many young people in the crowd to greet
me, so many more than I’ve ever seen in a crowd,” she said. ‘More Can Be Done’ She thanked the U.S. for its support of the democracy
movement in Myanmar, adding, “but we always think more can be
done.” The U.S., the European Union and Canada have imposed
sanctions that bar most financial transactions with Burmese
businesses, impose travel bans on those connected to the junta
and block Burmese imports. The country, rich in natural resources, including lumber,
semi-precious gems and natural gas, trades extensively with
China , Thailand , Singapore and India , its fourth-largest trading
partner. Rose asked what India could do to help Suu Kyi’s cause.
“They should listen to the people of Burma,” she said. As the event drew to a close, Tutu told her that he looked
forward to coming to Myanmar when she is “inaugurated as head
of your government.” Suu Kyi threw him a compliment in return and had the crowd
laughing once again. “I’ll have to be very, very ambitious,”
she said, “because I do want Desmond to come.” To contact the reporter on this story:
Nicole Gaouette in New York at
ngaouette@bloomberg.net ; To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Mark Silva in Washington at msilva34@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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@article {Osawae244035, author = {Osawa, Takumi and Ito, Yuta and Koizumi, Tomomi}, title = {Rare case of congenital coronary artery fistula coexistent and coalesced with aortopulmonary fistula}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, elocation-id = {e244035}, year = {2021}, doi = {10.1136/bcr-2021-244035}, publisher = {BMJ Specialist Journals}, abstract = {Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an uncommon congenital heart disease. Furthermore, aortopulmonary fistula is a rare congenital heart disease of adult onset. We report the case of a 79-year-old man who presented with chest pain. ECG-gated cardiac CT and coronary artery angiography revealed an anomalous vessel arising from the right coronary cusp and a CAF from the left coronary descending artery. These fistulas coalesced and drained into the same portion of the pulmonary artery. Haemodynamic studies revealed that the estimated systemic-to-pulmonary flow ratio was 1.18. The mean pulmonary pressure was 14 mm Hg. We decided against surgical intervention due to his advanced age and lack of heart failure symptoms. The patient did not have any worsening heart failure and chest pain on follow-up. This was a rare case of CAF coexistent and coalesced with an aortopulmonary fistula.}, URL = {https://casereports.bmj.com/content/14/7/e244035}, eprint = {https://casereports.bmj.com/content/14/7/e244035.full.pdf}, journal = {BMJ Case Reports CP} }
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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User:Samuel Reading/sandbox
[[thumbnail ]]
Emmanuel Ababio Ofosu-Mensah
Born on June 4, 1966, Emmanuel Ababio Ofosu-Mensah popularly referred to as "Ababio" is a lecturer at the Department of History of the University of Ghana, Legon, Accra where he has been teaching for over a decade now since 2003. He has written over fifteen (15) journal articles with most of them available online. On 13 May 2014, he took his turn to justify his PhD thesis at a well attended PhD viva held at the Graduate School Auditorium of the same university. He passed and is currently awaiting conferment of the degree at a formal congregation of the university in July 2014.
Mr Ofosu-Mensah has attended a plethora of conferences and workshops internationally and locally, including the XV Balkan Mineral Processing Congress held at Sozopol, Bulgaria in the summer of 2013 and the World Mining History Conference in Johannesburg, South Africa in April,2012
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WIKI
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Maxine Kurtz
Maxine Kurtz (October 17, 1921 – November 4, 2008 ) was an American city planner.
When Kurtz became the director of the Denver Planning Office in 1947, she became the first woman to direct the planning department of a major American city. Kurtz is also known for persuading the government of Denver and its neighboring suburbs to enter a historic water sharing agreement in return for concessions in sanitation, zoning and building.
Kurtz was the author of two books about her experiences in city planning and human rights:
* Invisible Cage, A Memoir (2005)
* City of Destiny: Denver in the Making, with Ralph Conant
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WIKI
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Popeyes' ugly Christmas sweater sells out, showing sandwich's power
The Popeyes Ugly Christmas Sweater has officially sold out in just 14 hours.Featuring images of the Popeyes chicken sandwich, which famously sold out in just two weeks after its release in August, the sweater was released as a collaboration between Popeyes and UglyChristmasSweater.com.A representative for UglyChristmasSweater.com told Business Insider the web page received more than six million visits after the sweater was released.It retailed for $44.95 and was listed as a limited-edition item. At this time, there are no plans to restock the item, according to UglyChristmasSweater.com.Sign up for Business Insider&aposs retail newsletter, The Drive-Thru, to get more stories like this in your inbox.Visit Business Insider&aposs homepage for more stories.The Popeyes chicken sandwich has officially sold out again — but this time, it&aposs one embroidered onto an ugly Christmas sweater.The Popeyes Ugly Christmas Sweater, made in collaboration between the fast-food chain and UglyChristmasSweater.com, has officially sold out in less than a day.The news was confirmed to Business Insider by a representative from Popeyes, who said, "The Popeyes Ugly Christmas Sweater has sold out, but we repeat, this message is about sweaters, not sandwiches." UglyChristmasSweater.com said that its stock ran out 14 hours after the sweater was posted, and that over six million users visited the web page. The sold-out sweater was released in response to the chain&aposs highly popular chicken sandwich. After first launching in August, the new menu item sold out in just two weeks. It wasn&apost until after a two-month hiatus that the sandwich finally returned to menus in November.Arguably a cultural phenomenon, the Popeyes chicken sandwich lit the fuse of what people are calling the Chicken Sandwich Wars. Fast-food chains nationwide are scrambling to capture the public&aposs attention with their own chicken sandwich recipes.The product description of the Popeyes Ugly Christmas Sweater on UglyChristmasSweater.com reads: "Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen serves up an &aposUgly Christmas Sweater&apos sure to be the ultimate ice breaker for any holiday party.With the Popeyes Chicken Sandwich becoming a household favorite and pop culture phenomenon this year, the team at UglyChristmasSweater.com partnered with the beloved Cajun brand to create a holiday festive look sure to make mouths water."The Popeyes sweater was limited-edition, and a representative from UglyChristmasSweater.com confirmed that, unlike the sandwiches, the site will not be receiving any more stock of the item at this time.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Transition metal pincer complex
In chemistry, a transition metal pincer complex is a type of coordination complex with a pincer ligand. Pincer ligands are chelating agents that binds tightly to three adjacent coplanar sites in a meridional configuration. The inflexibility of the pincer-metal interaction confers high thermal stability to the resulting complexes. This stability is in part ascribed to the constrained geometry of the pincer, which inhibits cyclometallation of the organic substituents on the donor sites at each end. In the absence of this effect, cyclometallation is often a significant deactivation process for complexes, in particular limiting their ability to effect C-H bond activation. The organic substituents also define a hydrophobic pocket around the reactive coordination site. Stoichiometric and catalytic applications of pincer complexes have been studied at an accelerating pace since the mid-1970s. Most pincer ligands contain phosphines. Reactions of metal-pincer complexes are localized at three sites perpendicular to the plane of the pincer ligand, although in some cases one arm is hemi-labile and an additional coordination site is generated transiently. Early examples of pincer ligands (not called such originally) were anionic with a carbanion as the central donor site and flanking phosphine donors; these compounds are referred to as PCP pincers.
Scope of pincer ligands
Although the most common class of pincer ligands features PCP donor sets, variations have been developed where the phosphines are replaced by thioethers and tertiary amines. Many pincer ligands also feature nitrogenous donors at the central coordinating group position (see figure), such as pyridines.
An easily prepared pincer ligand is POCOP. Many tridentate ligands types occupy three contiguous, coplanar coordination sites. The most famous such ligand is terpyridine (“terpy”). Terpy and its relatives lack the steric bulk of the two terminal donor sites found in traditional pincer ligands.
Metal pincer complexes are often prepared through C-H bond activation.
Ni(II) N,N,N pincer complexes are active in Kumada, Sonogashira, and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions with unactivated alkyl halides.
Types of pincer ligands
The pincer ligand is most often an anionic, two-electron donor to the metal centre. It consists of a rigid, planar backbone usually consisting of aryl frameworks and has two neutral, two-electron donor groups at the meta-positions. The general formula for pincer ligands is 2,6-(ER2)2C6H3 – abbreviated ECE – where E is the two-electron donor and C is the ipso-carbon of the aromatic backbone (e.g. PCP – two phosphine donors). Due to the firm tridentate coordination mode, it allows the metal complexes to exhibit high thermal stability as well as air-stability. It also implies that a reduced number of coordination sites are available for reactivity, which often limits the number of undesirable products formed in the reaction due to ligand exchange, as this process is suppressed.
There are various types of pincer ligands that are used in transition metal catalysis. Often, they have the same two-electron donor flanking the metal centre, but this is not a requirement. The most common pincer ligand designs are PCP, NCN, PCN, SCS, and PNO. Other elements that have been employed at different positions in the ligand are boron, arsenic, silicon, and even selenium.
By altering the properties of the pincer ligands, it is possible to significantly alter the chemistry at the metal centre. Changing the hardness/softness of the donor, using electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) in the backbone, and the altering the steric constraints of the ligands are all methods used to tune the reactivity at the metal centre.
Synthesis
The synthesis of the ligands often involves the reaction between 1,3-dibromoethylbenzene with a secondary phosphine followed by deprotonation of the quaternary phosphorus intermediates to generate the ligand.
To generate the metal complex, two common routes are employed. One is a simple oxidative addition of the ipso-C-X bond where X = Br, I to a metal centre, often a M(0) (M = Pd, Mo, Fe, Ru, Ni, Pt) though other metal complexes with higher oxidation states available can also be used (e.g. Rh(COD)Cl2).
The other significant method of metal introduction is through C-H bond activation., The major difference is that the metal used in this method is already in a higher oxidation state (e.g. PdCl2 – Pd(II) species). However, these reactions have been found to proceed much more efficiently by employing metal complexes with weakly-bound ligands (e.g. Pd(BF4)2(CH3CN)2 or Pd(OTf)2(CH3CN)2 where OTf = F3CO2SO−).
Role in catalysis
The potential value of pincer ligands in catalysis has been investigated, although no process has been commercialized. Aspirational applications are motivated by the high thermal stability and rigidity. Disadvantages include the cost of the ligands.
Suzuki-Miyaura coupling
Pincer complexes have been shown to catalyse Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions, a versatile carbon-carbon bond forming reaction.
Typical Suzuki coupling employ Pd(0) catalysts with monodentate tertiary phosphine ligands (e.g. Pd(PPh3)4). It is a very selective method to couple aryl substituents together, but requires elevated temperatures.
Using PCP pincer-palladium catalysts, aryl-aryl couplings can be achieved with turnover numbers (TONs) upwards of 900,000 and high yields. Additionally, other groups have found that very low catalyst loadings can be achieved with asymmetric palladium pincer complexes. Catalyst loadings of 0.0001 mol % have been found to have TONs upwards of 190,000 and upper limit TONs can reach 1,100,000.
Sonogashira coupling
Sonogashira coupling has found widespread use in coupling aryl halides with alkynes. TONs upwards of 2,000,000 and low catalyst loadings of 0.005 mol % can be achieved with PNP-based catalysts.
Dehydrogenation of alkanes
Alkanes undergo dehydrogenation at high temperatures. Typically this conversion is promoted heterogeneously because typically homogeneous catalysts do not survive the required temperatures (~200 °C) The corresponding conversion can be catalyzed homogeneously by pincer catalysts, which are sufficiently thermally robust. Proof of concept was established in 1996 by Jensen and co-workers. They reported that an iridium and rhodium pincer complex catalyze the dehydrogenation of cyclooctane with a turnover frequency of 12 min−1 at 200 °C. They found that the dehydrogenation was performed at a rate two orders of magnitude greater than those previously reported. The iridium pincer complex was also found to exhibit higher activity than the rhodium complex. This rate difference may be due to the availability of the Ir(V) oxidation state which allows stronger Ir-C and Ir-H bonds.
The homogeneously catalyzed process can be coupled to other reactions such as alkene metathesis. Such tandem reactions have not been demonstrated with heterogeneous catalysts.
History
The original work on PCP ligands arose from studies of the Pt(II) complexes derived from long-chain ditertiary phosphines, species of the type R2P(CH2)nPR2 where n >4 and R = tert-butyl. Platinum metalates one methylene group with release of HCl, giving species such as PtCl(R2P(CH2)2CH(CH2)2PR2).
Pincer complexes catalyze the dehydrogenation of alkanes. Early reports described the dehydrogenation of cyclooctane by an Ir pincer complex with a turnover frequency of 12 min−1 at 200 °C. The complexes are thermally stable at such temperatures for days.
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WIKI
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International Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/Australia
= Australia =
Starting with the first meter in 1927 Australia used license numbers rather than meter numbers in a complex series of steps:
* 1st series (1927): A1-A9 through Z1–Z9
* 2nd series (1930): 10–999
* 3rd series (1949): A10-A99 through Z10-Z99
* 4th series (1956): AA1-AZ9 through ZA1-ZZ9
* 5th series (1966): 10A-99A through 10Z-99Z
* 6th series (1969): 2A1-2Z9 through 9A1-2Z9
Since 1969 manufacturer-assigned meter numbers began replacing the license numbers in the stamps. The meter number with prefix can resemble a license number, and the two can be confused. Additionally, many meters with license numbers also show a manufacturer’s prefix.
License numbers are occasionally found colorless on a solid ground. This variety is not recognized in the listings. Other varieties worth noting but which are not cataloged are:
* • TM varieties such as inverts, negative lettering
* • TMs containing “RELIEF” indicating a meter on loan while a customer’s machine is being serviced
* • TMs containing “TRIAL” indicating a meter in live testing
* • TMs containing “DATE POSTED” instead of a town name
* • Meter numbers boxed or unboxed
* • £sd value figures with capital or lower case pence indicator (D/d) with or without a dot below
* • Variable size digits in the F/V on fixed value (FV) and limited value (LV) machines
* • Date with month in letters, Arabic digit, or Roman numeral
* }
The stamps are grouped according to appearance and usage:
* A – Upright rectangle with straight-line frame
* B – Curved ribbon frame
* C – Flag inside wide rectangle with simulated perforation frame
* D – Straight-line frame containing large map of country
* E – Frameless rectangle with pictorial design at left
* F – Frameless rectangle with flowers at sides
* G – Wide rectangle with kangaroo design and straight or dashed-line frame or with-out frame
* H – Square with simulated perforation frame
* I – Horizontal rectangle with straight-line frame
* J – Square with herringbone pattern at sides
* K – Square frank made up of mostly horizontal lines
* L – Horizontal frameless frank with Koala bear
* M – Designs containing a data matrix field (2D barcode)
* PO – Special stamps for Post Office use
* X – Early experimental stamps
The country converted from Sterling (£sd) to decimal currency on 1 October 1965.
NOTES: Variable rate Post office stamps with pre-printed animal designs were introduced in 1993. The stamps do not include a post office ID or a date. They are not covered in this catalog.
Meters were used extensively for Railway Parcel Post in Australia. These stamps are not federal government issues and are not covered in this catalog.
For specialized information about the meter stamps of Australia, see History of the Franking Machine in Australia, by Richard Peck, Australian Postage Label & Meter Catalogue, by Richard Peck, Collect Meter Stamps, Part 1 and Part 2, by Richard Peck, Profiles of Australian Franking Machines and Postage Meters a CD publication by Richard Peck, and Handbuch der Australischen Absenderfreistempel und Machinen by Heinz Bossert.
GROUP B: Outer frame of frank is curved ribbon
Type B6 has been relisted as Variety B1a as it is a modified LV8 machine and not a Model 105
GROUP C: Flag design inside wide rectangle with simulated perforation outer border
* Straight-line town mark within the frank frame.
'''C1. Universal Postal Frankers “Multi-Value”''' (MV), 1953.
* Frank approximately 70 mm wide.
* Usually with "POSTAGE PAID", large or small, at top right, but also with ornaments in that spot.
* A. "POSTAGE PAID" in one line
* B. "POSTAGE" / "PAID" in two lines
* C. With “£ / s / d” or “£ | s | d” below "POSTAGE PAID"
* D. With a solid bar replacing POSTAGE PAID
* E. With three horizontal lines replacing POSTAGE PAID
* V/F (£sd): 0/0 —‘–0’—
* V/F (decimal): 0.oo =0.00
* a. Town line and license number boxed
* b. Inscribed "ROYAL VISIT / HQ.". Meters RV1 and RV2 used during the visit of Queen Elizabeth in 1954 [Very rare]
'''C2. Neopost "Frankmaster" / "305"''' (MV), 1965. [Scarce]
* Extra wide frank, approximately 83 mm wide.
* Simulated perforations in frame are square rather than semi-circular.
* Very wide design. One meter only, License number VJ3.
* V/F (£sd): =0/= =
'''C3. Neopost “205”''' (MV), 1965. [Scarce]
* Similar to Type C2 but much narrower design, only 55 mm wide.
* One meter only, License number VJ6.
* V/F (£sd): MeterCat solid 5-point star.jpg’0 —
* V/F (decimal): 000
GROUP D: Straight-line frame containing large map of country
'''D1. Pitney Bowes-GB “Automax”''' (MV), 1960.
* License number in box in upper left corner with airplane below.
* A. Airplane is almost horizontal, break in coastline near the plane
* B. Airplane aimed downward, coastline is complete near the plane
* TM: DC
* £sd V/F: =0/0 0/0= =0/0= =’–0’= =
* Decimal V/F: 0 00 0.00 =0.00
* a. Meter number unboxed
* b. Meter number vertical outside right frame line
* c. Meter number replacing map of Tasmania at bottom (12520)
* d. The plane is known altered and re-engraved on a few machines
'''D2. Pitney Bowes-GB “Automax”''' (MV).
* As Type D1 but Meter number and prefix vertical in panel at right.
* The Meter number can be stacked, reading up or reading down.
* Prefix “PB” or “A”, “PBA”, “AX” or nil.
* A. The box at upper left is blank
* B. The box at upper left is solid
* C. Without box at upper left
* TM: DC
* Decimal V/F: =0.00 0.00
* a. Meter number stacked outside frame line at right, not in panel
* b. With a number in place of the island of Tasmania at bottom
Sub-group EA: Pictorial design is plane, country map, and surfer
'''EA1. 1969, Pitney Bowes “Simplex”''' (LV-25), 1969.
* Frank nearly square.
* Wide spacing between TM and frank.
* Meter number with “PB”, “PBS” prefix or without prefix.
* TM: DC
* Values: .01 through .25
* a. With License number instead of Meter number
'''EA2. Pitney Bowes “5000”, “6200”''' (MV), 1965.
* Horizontal design.
* Meter number with “PB” or “PBF” prefix.
* A. With box around value figures
* B. Box around value figures open at right
* C. Without box around value figures
* TM: SC, DC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg.00 MeterCat triad.jpg.00
* a. Error, with “PBE” prefix
* b. As A, without Meter number, printed in black, experimental Post Office use in 1993 [Uncommon]
'''EA3. Pitney Bowes “R”''' (MV), 1978.
* Similar to Type EA2 but smaller.
* With box around value figures.
* Meter number with “PB/R” prefix.
* TM: SC
* V/F: 0.00
'''EA4. Neopost "205" ''' (MV). [Exceptionally rare]
* This stamp is known by a single example.
* The value figures are unboxed, and the meter number has no prefix.
* License number negative "88x" within solid bar.
* TM: SC with tall date figures
* V/F: 000
* a. With slogan in different color from the frank
Sub-group EB: Pictorial design is the Southern Cross star grouping
'''EB1. Pitney Bowes “6300”''' (MV), 1972.
* "AUSTRALIA" at top, "POSTAGE PAID" at bottom.
* Meter number with “PB” prefix vertical at right reading up (normally) or down.
* TM: DC, SC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg.00
* NOTE: If the town mark reads “CHRISTMAS ISLAND”, see ../Christmas Island/.
'''EB2. Pitney Bowes “A/B900”''' (MV), 1988.
* Similar to Type EB1 but wider design.
* Meter number below Southern Cross.
* Meter number with “PBM” prefix left of "POSTAGE PAID".
* TM: DC, SC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg.00
'''EB3. Pitney Bowes “6900”''' (MV), 1988.
* Similar to Type EB1 but taller.
* “PBB” or “PBE” prefix above the Meter number left of "POSTAGE PAID".
* TM: DC, SC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg.00
* a. With slogan in different color from the frank
Sub-group EC: Pictorial design is a Koala bear
'''EC1. Pitney Bowes “Paragon”''' (MV), 1995.
* Koala bear climbing branch in center.
* Without horizontal lines in frank.
* Meter number with “PBD” prefix.
* TM: SC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg.00
* a. Without Meter number (Post Office use) [Uncommon]
GROUP F: Frameless frank nearly square with flowers at sides
'''F1. Roneo Neopost "105" ''' (LV-8/-10), 1969.
* Small frank with value at bottom. Meter number and POSTAGE PAID in center.
* Prefixes: “R”, “RV”, “VR”, “VE”, “N”, “VX”, “C/S”.
* Value figures with or without dot at left center.
* A. Narrow frank ~22-23 mm
* B. Wide frank ~27 mm wide
* TM: BIC
* Values (with or without leading stop): 03 through 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25
* a. POSTAGE PAID above Meter number rather than below it
'''F2. Roneo Neopost “105”''' (LV-10), 1969.
* As Type F1 but value in center, "POSTAGE PAID" and Meter number at bottom.
* Prefixes: “X”, “RNX”, “VX”, “RV”, “RNE”, “N”, “CS”, “C/S” or nil.
* A. Frank small, 25 x 24-25 mm
* B. Frank large, 29 x 28 mm [Uncommon]
* TM: DC
* Values: •01 through •25
* a. Value single digit, i.e. “6” rather than “06”
* b. Error, with “POST PAID” instead of “POSTAGE PAID” [Uncommon]
'''F3. Roneo Neopost “205/2205”''' (MV), 1969.
* Similar to Type F2 but multi-value and slightly larger frank.
* Prefixes: “V”, “VE”, “E”, “EG”, “C/S”, “CS”, or nil.
* A. Frank 24 mm square. Date figures tall ("205" model)
* B. Frank 25 mm square. Date figures short ("2205" model)
* TM: DC, BIC
* V/F: 0 00 0.00
NOTE: This type can have a slogan in a color different from the stamp
'''F4. Roneo Neopost "305"''' (MV), 1969.
* Similar to Type F3 but larger frank (like F2B), 29 x 28 mm, and wider spacing.
* Prefixes: “FME”, “F”, “VF”, “C/S”, “V”, “VE”.
* TM: DC
* V/F: ·00 0·00
'''F5. Roneo Neopost “505/405”''' (MV), 1969.
* Frank noticeably wider than tall, 32 x 25 mm.
* Prefixes: “B”, “VB”, “LB”.
* TM: BIC
* V/F: 00 000 0·00 MeterCat solid 5-point star.jpg·00 0000 00·00
* F6. 1983, Neopost “Electronic” (MV), 1983.
* Thick vertical bars mark the sides of the value box.
* Meter number with “EFM” prefix:
* EFM1xxxx Neopost EFM7/4300/4400
* EFM2xxxx Neopost 8500/8550
* EFM3xxxx Neopost 4450
* EFM4xxxx Neopost 5400/5450
* EFM5xxxx Neopost 7500/7550
* EFM6xxxx Neopost 7700/7750
* EFM80074 Neopost 7700/7750
* Note: Models ending ‘00’ are manual reset, while models ending ’50’ are Credipac.
* TM: DC, BIC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg,00
GROUP G: Wide design with kangaroo and boomerang, with or without outer border
'''G1. Roneo Neopost “105”''' (LV-8/-10), 1969.
* With single outer frame line enclosing the town mark and the frank.
* Value figures boxed. Prefixes: “X”, “C/S”.
* TM: DC, BIC, SC
* Values: 01 to 25 •01 to •25
'''G2. Roneo Neopost “105”''' (LV-10).
* As Type G1 but without outer frame.
* Value figures unboxed. Meter number with “X” prefix.
* TM: DC
* Values: 01 to 25 •01 to •25
'''G3. 1969, Postalia “PS3”''' (MV), 1969.
* Similar to Type G1 but taller and narrower frank.
* With outer frame line of various thickness, usually dashed.
* Value figures unboxed. Prefixes: “CS”, “C/S”, “ADS” or nil.
* A. With box around value figures
* B. Without box around value figures
* TM: DC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg.00
* a. Outer frame lines at sides only, open at top and bottom
* b. With part of boomerang removed
'''G4. Postalia “PS3”''' (MV).
* As Type G3 but without outer frame line.
* Prefixes: "ADS", “CS”, “C/S”.
* TM: SC
* A. With box around value figures
* B. Without box around value figures
* TM: DC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg.00
'''G5. Postalia “PS4”''' (MV), 1983.
* Similar to Type G3 but the town mark is outside the outer frame line.
* Meter number with “PS” or nil prefix.
* TM: SC
* V/F: 0000 00.00
GROUP H: Square frank with simulated perforation outer border. Small sheep at top right
'''H1. Satas “Baby”''' (MV), 1965.
* Simulated perforation border on all four sides of frank.
* "POSTAGE PAID" below "AUSTRALIA" at top.
* "SATAS" at bottom above Meter number.
* Column of wavy lines at left and right.
* TM: DC, SC
* V/F: 0.00 MeterCat solid 5-point star.jpg
NOTE: This type can have a slogan in a color different from the stamp
'''H2. Satas “Baby”''' (MV).
* As Type H1 but with straight frame line and no wavy lines at right.
* Meter number<PHONE_NUMBER>50
* TM: SC
* V/F: 00.00
* H3. Satas/Neopost “Electronic” (MV), 1985.
* Similar to Type H1 but with bars added at sides of value box.
* Meter number with “TAC” or “GBC” prefix:
* TAC0xxxx Satas Electronic (manual reset)
* TAC2xxxx Satas Electronic (Credipac)
* TAC3xxxx Satas SG700
* TAC4xxxx Satas SG750
* TAC5xxxx Satas SV500/SV550
* TAC6xxxx Satas SG800
* TAC7xxxx Satas SG850
* GBC7xxxx Neopost SM78
* GBC8xxxx Neopost SM84
* Note: Models ending ‘00’ are manual reset, while models ending ’50’ are Credipac.
* TM: DC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg,00
'''H4. Satas/Neopost SM26”''' (digital), 1998.
* Similar to Type H3, but "AUSTRALIA", "POSTAGE PAID" and "SATAS" much thicker.
* TM and frank spaced very close together.
* Meter number with “GBC” prefix.
* TM: DC
* V/F: MeterCat triad.jpg.00
GROUP I: Horizontal rectangle with straight-line outer frame.
* AUSTRALIA in panel at top, Meter number and POSTAGE PAID in panels at bottom. Southern Cross star pattern at left
'''I1. Hasler “Mailmaster”''' (MV), 1983.
* Distance between centers of date and value figures is 37mm.
* Meter number with “H” prefix.
* A. The panel at bottom is divided unevenly, narrower at left, wider at right
* B. The panel at bottom is more or less evenly divided
* TM: DC, SC
* V/F: 00.00
'''I2. Ascom Hasler “Smile”''' (MV), 1997.
* Nearly identical to Type I1B but larger, with 40mm between centers of date and value figures.
* Meter number with “A” or "H" prefix.
* TM: DC
* V/F: 00.00
GROUP J: Square frank with herringbone pattern at sides
'''J1. Neopost “2205”''' (MV), 1989.
* Meter number with “J” prefix.
* TM: BIC
* V/F: 0.00
GROUP K: Frank frame made up mostly of horizontal lines
'''K1. Alcatel “9000”''' (MV), 1990.
* With "ALCATEL" above Meter number at bottom.
* Meter number with “GBC” or “EFM” prefix.
* TM: DC, SC, no outer rim, nil
* V/F MeterCat triad.jpg.00
GROUP L: Horizontal frameless frank with Koala bears on branch
'''L1. Pitney Bowes “PostPerfect”''' (digital), 1995.
* With “PBX” prefix.
* TM: SL
* V/F $000.00
GROUP M: Designs containing a digital data matrix (2D barcode). Australia Post calls this design “FuturePost”.
* No town or post office name indicated. Origin indicated only by an identification number.
Sub-group MA: Small data matrix below the value figures
* AUSTRALIA/ POSTAGE PAID in circular town mark
'''MA1. Pitney Bowes “PostPerfect”''' (digital), 1999.
* Frank frame 23 x 22 mm.
* Meter number with “P024” or “P043” prefix reading up between frank and TM.
* Two columns of numbers at left of TM.
* TM: SC
* V/F 00.00o
'''MA2. Pitney Bowes “Gem”''' (digital), 1999.
* Frank frame 29 x 20 mm. Meter number with “P01” prefix reading
* up in two columns between frank and TM.
* Two columns of numbers at left of TM.
* Printed with ink jet technology that leaves a horizontal
* linear texture to the value figures and other elements.
* TM: SC
* V/F 00.00o
'''MA3. Pitney Bowes “B900”''' (MV), 1999.
* Frank frame 27 x 23 mm.
* Data field breaks bottom frame line.
* Meter number with “P03” prefix reading up between frank and TM.
* TM: SC
* V/F MeterCat triad.jpg.00MeterCat triad.jpg
'''MA4. Pitney Bowes “Paragon”''' (MV), 2000.
* Frank frame 30 mm square.
* Meter number with “P05” prefix reading up between frank and TM.
* TM: SC
* V/F 00.00MeterCat triad.jpg
* a. Without meter number
'''MA5. Hasler “Smile”''' (MV), 1999.
* Frank frame 32 mm square.
* Meter number with "3011", "3026", "3086" or "3096" prefix reading up between frank and TM.
* A. : TM: SC reading AUSTRALIA at top and POSTAGE PAID at bottom
* B. : TM: DC reading DATE POSTED at top and town or state at bottom [Very rare]
* V/F 0.00 : 00.00 :
Sub-group MB: Large, square data matrix
* POSTAGE PAID AUSTRALIA at bottom left.
* Impressions may include a service indicator, e.g. "PRIORITY", below the value and above the date.
NOTE: Inkjet versions of these stamps appear occasionally as half (top or bottom) impressions due to one inkjet malfunctioning". This variety can occur with most of the types listed.
MB1.1 Neopost “SM26” (digital), 1999.
* Meter number with “2060” or “2070” prefix vertical at right of data field.
* TM: SL
* V/F: 00.00o
'''MB1.2. Neopost “IJ25”, "IJ35", "IJ40" and "IJ45"''' (digital), 2001.
* As type MB1.1 but the value figures and town line are closer to the 2D data field.
* Meter number with “2040”, "2050", "8030" or "8040" prefix.
* TM: SL
* V/F: 00.00o
'''MB1.3. Neopost “IJ65”, "IJ70", "IJ80", "IJ90" and "IJ110"''' (digital), 2000.
* A. Data field with simulated perforation outer frame line with small break in the middle of each side
* B. Without the outer frame line
* Meter number with “2080” or "8090" prefix.
* TM: SL
* V/F: 00.00o 000.00o
'''MB2.1. Francotyp-Postalia “T1000” and "OptiMail"''' (digital), 2000.
* Data field as with Types MB1.1 and 1.2.
* Value figures heavier than on Types MB1 and 2.
* Meter number normally with “FT1” or "FT2" prefix, but a few machines were assigned "ET1" or "ET2" prefixes.
* TM: SL
* V/F: 00.00o
'''MB2.2. Francotyp-Postalia "UltiMail 45 / 65 / 65 / 95 / 120" ''' (digital).
* Value figures and lettering tall and narrow, 11mm tall by 4mm wide.
* Meter number with "EU", "FU" or "MU" prefix, "-U4" for the 45, "-U6" for the 65, "-U9" for the 95 and the 120.
* V/F: 00.00o
'''MB2.3. Francotyp-Postalia "PostBase", "PostBase Mini"''' (digital).
* Very similar in appearance to MB2.2 but with six bank value figures.
* As shown in the image at right, the machine can print an extended slogan much wider than the stamp.
* A. PostBase model, Meter number with "MP6654" prefix
* B. PostBase Mini model, Meter number with "MM74754 prefix
* V/F: 000.00o
'''MB3. Frama''' (digital).
* Value figures narrow and medium in height, 9 mm tall.
* A. “EcoMail” model, Meter number with "1010" prefix
* B. “OfficeMail” model,. Meter number with "1110" prefix
* C. “MailMax” model, Meter number with "1220" prefix
* D. “Matrix” model, Meter number with "131" and "141" prefix
* V/F: 00.00o
'''MB4.1. Pitney Bowes “DM500”, "DM550", "DM800" and "DM900"''' (digital).
* Value figures 11 mm tall.
* Meter number with P1111 or "P1211" prefix.
* V/F: 00.00o
'''MB4.2. Pitney Bowes “DM100/100i” or "DM100 series Enhanced"''' (digital).
* As Type MB4.1 but Meter number with "P1715" or "P2551" prefix.
* V/F: 00.00o
* a. Printed in blue rather than red (P171503292 only)
NOTE: The area of Hutt River, population 23, seceded from Australia in 1970 and established The Principality of Hutt River. The Principality is not recognized by Australia or any other entity in the world. Although it issues its own stamps they are not valid anywhere and so the Hutt River Postal System must use Australian stamps to get anything mailed and delivered. Starting in 2016 they began using a postage meter with the slogan Royal Hutt River Postal System. The stamp from the meter is shown at right. Hutt River is one of several so-called rogue territories in Australia that despite their pretense to being independent states appear to exist only out of crankiness and to sell souvenirs.
'''MB4.3. Pitney Bowes “DP100", "DP200" and "DP400"''' (digital).
* Simulated perforation frame around data field.
* Meter number with "P14" or "P15" prefix.
* V/F: 00.00o
'''MB4.4. Pitney Bowes “K700"''' (digital).
* As types MB4.1 and 4.2 but Meter number with "P1919" prefix.
* V/F: 00.00o
'''MB4.5. Pitney Bowes "DM300"''' (digital).
* Similar to Types MB4.1 and MB4.2 but Meter number with "P2331" prefix.
* V/F: 00.00o
'''MB4.6. Pitney Bowes "Connect+"''' (digital).
* As Type MB4.5 but the meter number height is same as the data matrix height.
* Meter number with "P3011" prefix.
* This is the first meter with Group MB frank allowing stamps with postage value of $100 and above.
* The Connect+ model can print multi-colored slogans across the entire top of the envelope left of the frank.
* V/F: 000.00o
NOTE: A company called Officeworks produced and sold packets of ten envelopes prepaid with dateless stamps from meter P301155230. Denominations known at this time are 60 cents, $1.20 and $1.80.
Sub-group MC: Horizontal data matrix at lower left
No indication of country of origin except circled "P" POST logo.
'''MC1. Neopost “IS” and "IX" '''series (digital), 2012.
* P POST logo inside solid bar above the value figures.
* Meter number at bottom right:
* with “8N1010” prefix (IS-350/420/440/480)
* with "8N1020" prefix (IS-280)
* with "8N1030" prefix (IS-6000)
* with "8N2050" prefix (IX-5)
* V/F: 000.00o
Sub-group MD: As Sub-group MB but 2D bar code matrix at left instead of right
* MD1. Francotyp-Postalia “PostBase" and "Mini" (digital), 2018.
* As Type MB2.3 except for the reversal of the positions of the 2D bar code matrix and the text.
* Meter number between value and barcode.
* A. PostBase model with "MP" prefix
* B. Mini model with "MM" prefix
* V/F: 000.00o
* MD2. Pitney Bowes “SendPro-C" (digital), 2019.
* Similar to Type MD1 but the bar code matrix is smaller and the meter number is at far right.
* M# with "P2" prefix
* V/F: 000.00o
* A. Value and barcode closely spaced.
* B. Wider spacing between value and barcode, and with "PITNEY BOWES" running vertically between.
GROUP PO: Special stamps used only in Post Offices.
NOTE: See types EA2A and EC1 for other stamps used in post offices.
* PO1. Ticket-Issue Machines (T.I.M.) (LV-12), 1951. [Very scarce]
* Stamps printed on gummed paper tape in red, purple or orange.
* With boxed “PARCEL POST” reading up at left or at right.
* Frank size (not including PARCEL POST box) 52 x 31 mm.
* TM open at sides, value box with single straight line frame.
* Used at "RUSSELL STREET" and "RICHMOND, VICTORIA".
* Values seen: 1d, 6d, 1/-, 1/4, 1/5, 1/8, 1/10, 2/3, 2/6, 2/11, 3/9, 5/-, 5/5, 5/11
* PO2. T.I.M. (LV-12), 1953. [Very scarce]
* Similar to Type PO1 but smaller, 46 x 22 mm.
* TM closed at sides. Value box open at top and bottom.
* Used at "CLARENCE ST, N.S.W." and "HAYMARKET, N.S.W.".
* Values seen: 1d, 6d, 1/-, 1/4, 1/5, 1/8, 1/10, 2/3, 2/6, 3/-, 3/9, 5/-, 5/5, 5/6, 5/11
* PO3. NCR (MV), 1957.
* Stamp printed in red, orange, purple, brown or yellow on plain white tape.
* Inscription in two groups: post office name and “POSTAGE PAID” in center, date and value figures at bottom.
* “POSTAGE PAID” above or below Post Office name.
* £sd V/F: 0•0•0
* Decimal V/F: 0•00 00•00
* PO4. NCR (MV), at least 1968.
* Similar to Type PO3 but inscription in four groups:
* A. From top to bottom: “POSTAGE PAID”/ date/ S# and value figures/ "POSTAGE PAID” and post office ID
* B. As A, but without “POSTAGE PAID” at top
* C. From top to bottom: Post Office ID/ date / S# and postage/ "POSTAGE PAID"
* D. As C, but with dotted lines at bottom instead of "POSTAGE PAID"
* V/F: $oo00.00-
* PO5. Heugin “KA4511” (MV), 1975.
* Printed in orange, pink-red or purple on white tape wider than tall.
* A. Post office name at top above state, country and post code, with “POSTAGE PAID” on third line.
* B. "POSTAGE PAID" at top above post office name, with city and post code on third line.
* Value figures and date at bottom, with year figures vertical.
* V/F: $00.00
* PO6. Sharp (MV), 1983 at least. [Uncommon]
* Printed in purple on upright, narrow white tape.
* Post office name at top, then date, then value figures, machine ID
* and other data at bottom.
* V/F: MeterCat solid 5-point star.jpg.00
* PO7. Hytech Aust “Postal Charges Calculator” (MV), 1984. [Scarce]
* Printed by ink-jet in purple on white tape.
* “POSTAGE PAID” above “AUSTRALIA” at top, followed by ID number
* and date, two lines of numbers, and the value at the bottom.
* Printed in purple.
* V/F: $0•00
* a. Used on tape with underprint
* PO8. Hytech Aust “Postal Charges Calculator Mark 1” (digital), 1985.
* Similar to Type PO7 but “POSTAGE PAID/ AUSTRALIA POST” at top,
* followed by ID number and date, 7-digit number, and the value figures at the bottom.
* Printed on tape with full underprint design or underprint at sides only.
* Printed in purple or black.
* V/F: $$$$0•00
* a. Printed on plain white tape [Uncommon]
* PO9. Hytech Aust “Postal Charges Calculator Mark 2” (digital), 1988.
* “POSTAGE PAID/AUSTRALIA” underlined at top, followed by post office name
* and number, machine ID, time and date, with value at bottom.
* Tape with underprint design only along sides.
* V/F: $$$$0•00
* a. Printed on plain white tape [Uncommon]
* b. Printed on tape with full underprint
* NOTE: The receipts look like the stamps but read “AUSTRALIA POST/THANK YOU” at top.
* PO10. Hytech “Combined Scale Calculator” (digital), 1990.
* “AUSTRALIA”/ value figures/ “POSTAGE PAID” at the top with brackets at the sides.
* Printed on white tape with underprint design at sides.
* Underprint in mauve or gray. Stamp in gray/black or purple.
* Bottom line text as follows: date, time, weight.
* V/F: $0.00
* PO10.1. Hytech “Combined Scale Calculator” (digital).
* As Type PO10 but the town name appears between "AUSTRALIA" and the value figures.
* The text in the bottom line is different from PO10: date, time, post code, and 6-digit number.
* Printed on paper without underprint.
* V/F: $0.00
* PO11. Hytech “Combined Scale Calculator” (digital). [Uncommon]
* As Type PO10 but with koala bear and kangaroo replacing the brackets.
* V/F: $0.00
* PO12. Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS) “A” (digital), 1991. [Uncommon]
* Dotted bars at top and bottom of stamp. “AUSTRALIA” underlined
* below top bar, “Postage Paid” above bottom bar. Postage value in red.
* Printed by ink-jet on white tape with underprint design at sides.
* V/F: $0.00 (red)
* a. Value in black [Very scarce]
* PO13. EPOS “Ezipost” (digital), 1992.
* Similar to Type PO12 but with dashed lines instead of dotted bars at top and bottom.
* “AUSTRALIA” not underlined. Value in gray-black instead of red.
* Printed on tape with overall underprint in gray or pink or with underprint at the sides only.
* A. “From” and post code below value figures
* B. Weight and “to” destination country below value figures.
* V/F: $0.00 $00.00
* a. In purple instead of gray-black [Scarce]
* b. With “GST Free” above value figures
* PO14. “Postal Services Unit” (digital), 1995.
* With dotted line at top and bottom as with Type PO13 but the top line has a 6-digit number at right.
* Sequence of inscriptions between the dotted lines:
* “POSTAGE PAID”/ post office name / “AUSTRALIA”/ value figures/ date, time, machine ID, transaction ID
* V/F: 00¢ $00.00
* NOTE: For this stamp with “CHRISTMAS ISLAND” above “AUSTRALIA”, see CHRISTMAS ISLAND.
* PO15. EPOS (digital), 2008.
* Unframed stamp on plain, white self-adhesive label with rounded corners.
* Sequence of inscriptions from top: "AUSTRALIA" / post office name / value figures / weight and destination / machine ID, time, 4-digit postal code, single number code of uncertain meaning, and transaction ID / "Postage Paid"
* A. Country name with or without mail class alone at top
* B. With image of hand holding a stylus added at top center (2013)
* V/F: $0.00 $00.00
* a. With bar code at left. Two types:
* * Until June 2011, a generic barcode possibly identifying the origin or destination (shown)
* * After June 2011, a tracking or registration barcode
* b. Stamp generated at philatelic or public event showing name of the temporary show post office
* c. "Additional Paid" rather than "Postage Paid"
* NOTES:
* On some stamps the weight can show as "xxxx". Also on some stamps an extra line line of text identifying extra services can be found. Known: Optional Extras, Express Post, Priority Letter
* The stamp normally does not have a barcode. Shown is a stamp for registered mail that includes a barcode.
* Although generated by a machine at the Post Office counter this stamp is nearly identical to stamps generated by self-serve kiosks within post offices. The differences between the stamps are very slight.
* PO16. EPOS (digital).
* One stamp seen appearing as a registration label except that it includes "This is not a receipt" and a postage value.
* The two lines of text below "This is not a receipt" (at center) are as follows:
* "SAT" (for satchel), weight, value figures
* 13-digit code (tracking number / counter position / cumulative transaction number)
* The country of origin is identified only in the value figure prefix of "AU".
* machine ID, time and transaction ID/ "Postage Paid".
* This stamp was used only on prepaid stationery sent overseas.
* V/F: AU$00.00
* NOTE: The stamp is reported to fade quickly.
* PO17.1. EPOS (digital), 2013.
* As Type PO15 but with replacement printer.
* The text font is taller, and the arrangement of elements is slightly different.
* A. With tracking or registration barcode at left
* B. With square 2D barcode
* C. Without barcode, blank on left side of label
* V/F: $0.00 $00.00
* a. Used in Norfolk Island
* b. Without post office name below "AUSTRALIA" [appears to be rare]
* PO17.2. EPOS (digital).
* As Type PO17.1 but the value figures are thicker and wider.
* A. With tracking or registration barcode at left
* B. With square 2D barcode
* C. Without barcode, blank on left side of label
* D. Express Post stamp (This is the first digital PO meter stamp available for this service.)
* V/F: $0.00 $00.00
* a. With tracking number above the barcode (A, B, or D) and the article number below
* PO18. EPOS (digital), 2016.
* As Types PO15 and PO17 but the printing is of higher resolution with smooth diagonals to the letters and numbers.
* The value figures are repositioned lower on the stamp, just above "Postage Paid" at the bottom.
* A. With tracking or registration barcode at left
* B. Without barcode
* V/F: $0.00 $00.00
GROUP X: Early experimental stamps
Between the years 1903 and 1920 eight different types of franking machines were trialed in the cities of Brisbane, Melbourne, and Hobart. From all of these trials only a single stamp is known to exist in the marketplace. Most of the illustrations below are of drawings or proofs residing in the Australia Post archival collection. None of the stamps are priced since all but one are unlikely to exist or ever appear on the market.
'''X1. W. Hollingworth''', May 1903.
* Mr. Hollingworth invented a public coin-in-the slot stamp franking machine that was trialed in the Brisbane GPO from 8 May to 6 June 1903.
* No examples of the stamp are known to exist. Shown is an image of a sheet that Hollingworth submitted to postal authorities during his negotiations with the Post Office Department. The actual stamp may be similar to one of the four ink-drawn designs on the sheet.
* Value: 1d
'''X2. "Mr. Gray"''', November 1904.
* The Tasmanian Patent Purchase Association proposed a public coin-in-the slot stamp franking machine that was developed by a "Mr. Gray." Three different tests of the machine were made at the Hobart GPO as follows: 9-12 November 1904, 23 November to 8 December 1904, and 30 March to 3 April 1905. During the three tests approximately 500 to 600 articles of mail were franked.
* Shown at left is an image of a proof in postal archives. Shown at right is a scan of a poor photocopy of an image of the stamp that appeared in a Premier Philatelic Auction catalog in 2001. This is the only known postally used Group X stamp to have survived.
* Value: 1d
'''X3. John Husband's "Automatic Letter and Newspaper Franker''', November 1904.
* Over the course of one and a half days, from 23 to 24 November 1904, a public coin-in-the slot stamp franking machine invented by Mr. Husband was trialed at the Melbourne GPO. No stamp, proof, or drawing of the stamp is known.
'''X4. J.A. Brown''', December 1905.
* From an unknown date in December 1905 to 10 January 1906 a public coin-in-the slot stamp franking machine invented by Mr. J.A. Brown was trialed at the Brisbane GPO. The only surving examples of the stamp are from a sheet with four proof impressions in the Australia Post archival collection.
* Value: 1d
'''X5. Russell, Young and Butler''', October 1906.
* Starting on an unknown date in October 1906 and concluding after a "short period of use" a public coin-in-the slot stamp franking machine invented by Mr.'s Russell, Young and Butler was trialed at the Hobart GPO. No stamp, proof, or drawing of the stamp is known.
'''X6. Automatic Franking Machine Company "Model C"''' (Ernest Moss) of New Zealand, June 1908.
* A meter design being used successfully in New Zealand was trialed in the Australia Department of External Affairs in Melbourne starting on 15 June 1908. The trial lasted one month and ended probably on 15 July 1908. This machine was capable of printing five different postage values. Although the trial was successful with the Department praising the machine, it was not approved for further use due to a legal technicality.
* Although possibly hundreds of covers were franked by the machine during the trial no examples are known to exist and no examples have been located in postal archives. The stamps probably are similar in appearance to New Zealand Type A9.
* Values: ½d, 1d, 2d, 6d, 1/-
'''X7.1. R.J. Price and H.A. Breswicke''', 26 May 1908.
* Mr.'s Price and Breswicke's public coin-in-the slot stamp franking machine was trialed at the Melbourne GPO on 26 May 1908. Possibly as many as a thousand pieces of mail were franked by the machine over the course of the day. The test was not continued on the next day possibly due to technical problems.
* No examples of the stamp are known to exist. Shown is a drawing of the stamp along with a drawing of the machine itself.
* Value: 1d
'''X7.2. R.J. Price and H.A. Breswicke''', December 1908.
* In early December 1908 an improved version of the Price and Breswicke machine was trialed for "a short period". The stamp was completely different. Replacing the circlular design the new frank resembles a machine postmark. It consists of four lines of unframed text (MELBOURNE / PAID 2D / time / date) with horizontal bars at the sides, short at left and long at right with "VICTORIA" imbedded in the lines at right. As with the first trial this one probably lasted only a matter of hours. No actual examples of the frank are known to exist.
* Value: 2d
'''X8. Automatic Franking Machine Company "Model D"''' (Ernest Moss) of New Zealand, 1920.
* A meter from Moss's firm (see Type X6) was trialed again in 1920, this time in the Bulk Postage section of the Melbourne GPO.
* The exact dates of the test are not known nor are the number of stamp impressions generated during the trial. The scan is of a proof strip from Moss's company's archives.
* Values: ½d, 1d, 1½d, 6d, 1/-
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WIKI
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HMS Thunderer (1872)
HMS Thunderer was one of two Devastation-class ironclad turret ships built for the Royal Navy in the 1870s. She suffered two serious accidents before the decade was out and gained a reputation as an unlucky ship for several years afterward. The ship was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet in 1878 and was reduced to reserve in 1881 before being recommissioned in 1885. Thunderer returned home in 1887 and was again placed in reserve. She rejoined the Mediterranean Fleet in 1891, but was forced to return to the UK by boiler problems the following year. The ship became a coast guard ship in Wales in 1895 and was again placed in reserve in 1900. Thunderer was taken out of service in 1907 and sold for scrap in 1909.
Background and description
The Devastation class was designed as an enlarged, ocean-going, version of the earlier Cerberus-class breastwork monitor. The ships had a length between perpendiculars of 285 ft and were 307 ft long overall. They had a beam of 62 ft, and a draught of 26 ft. The Devastation-class ships displaced 9330 LT. Their crew consisted of 358 officers and ratings. They proved to be steady gun platforms and good seaboats, albeit quite wet forward. Their low forecastle caused them problems with head seas and limited their speed in such conditions.
Thunderer had two Humphry & Tennant two-cylinder horizontal direct-acting steam engines using steam provided by eight rectangular boilers; each engine driving a single propeller. The engines were designed to produce a total of 5600 ihp for a speed of 12.5 kn, but Thunderer reached a maximum speed of 13.4 kn from 6270 ihp during her sea trials. The ship carried a maximum of 1800 LT of coal, enough to steam 4700 nmi at 10 knots.
The Devastation class was armed with four RML 12 in rifled muzzle-loading guns, one pair in each of the gun turrets positioned fore and aft of the superstructure. Shortly after completion, Thunderer's forward turret's weapons were replaced by more powerful RML 12.5 in guns.
While both gun turrets were rotated by steam power, the new forward guns were loaded by hydraulic power, unlike the original guns which were hand worked. Thunderer was the first ship to have hydraulic loading gear. From 1874, the forward turret alone was converted to hydraulic power operation for training (turret traverse), elevation and ramming. This allowed the turret crew to be reduced from 48 to 28; the aft turret remaining hand-worked as a comparison. Power operation was considered successful, although it was later implicated in the 1879 explosion.
The Devastation-class ships had a complete wrought iron waterline armour belt that was 12 inches thick amidships and tapered to 9 in outside the armoured citadel towards the ends of the ship. The armour plates were tapered to a thickness of 10 - 8.5 in at their bottom edges respectively and they extended from the upper deck to 5 ft below the waterline. The armoured citadel protected the bases of the gun turrets, the funnel uptakes and the crew's quarters. The sides of the citadel were 12 inches thick around the bases of the turrets and 10 inches thick elsewhere. The turrets were protected by two 7 - 6 in plates, separated by a layer of teak with the turret face having the thicker armour. The magazine were protected by a 6-inch forward bulkhead and a 5 in one aft. The conning tower ranged in thickness from 9 to 6 inches in thickness. The ships had a complete 3 in upper deck that was reinforced by another 2 in thick inside the citadel.
Construction and career
Thunderer, the fifth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy, was laid down on 26 June 1869 at Pembroke Dockyard, Wales. Construction was subsequently halted for a time in 1871 to modify the ship to improve her stability and buoyancy by extending the breastwork to cover the full width of the hull which increased the ship's freeboard amidships and provided additional accommodation for the crew. The ship was launched on 25 March 1872 by Mrs. Mary Meyrick, wife of Thomas Meyrick, MP. Two years later she was transferred to Portsmouth Dockyard to finish fitting out.
On 14 July 1876, Thunderer suffered a disastrous boiler explosion which killed 45 people. One of her boilers burst as she proceeded from Portsmouth Harbour to Stokes Bay to carry out a full-power trial. The explosion killed 15 people instantly, including her commanding officer; around 70 others were injured, of whom 30 later died. This was the Royal Navy's most deadly boiler explosion through the whole century. A model representing the failed boiler was made and is now in the Science Museum, London. The explosion was caused because a pressure gauge was broken and the safety valve had corroded in place. When the steam stop valve to the engines was closed, pressure in the boiler rose and could not be released. The four box boilers were the last in service in the Navy and operated at what would even then would have been considered a relatively low pressure, for more modern boilers, of 30 psi. The boiler was repaired and the ship was completed on 26 May 1877 at a cost of £368,428.
Thunderer was commissioned in May 1877 for service with the Reserve Fleet Particular Service Squadron and was then assigned to the Channel Squadron. During this time, she was fitted with experimental 16 in torpedoes. She sailed for the Mediterranean in 1878 under the command of Captain Alfred Chatfield. Leaving Gibraltar for Malta in November 1878, Thunderer ran aground and was damaged. She was refloated and resumed her voyage. She was repaired at Malta.
The ship suffered another serious accident on 2 January 1879, when the left 12-inch 38 ton gun in the forward turret exploded during gunnery practice in the Sea of Marmora, killing 11 and injuring a further 35. The muzzle-loading gun had been double-loaded following a misfire. According to Admiral of the Fleet E.H Seymour,
"Both turret guns were being fired simultaneously, and evidently one did not go off. It may seem hard to believe such a thing could happen and not be noticed, but from my own experience I understand it. The men in the turret often stopped their ears, and perhaps their eyes, at the moment of firing, and then instantly worked the run-in levers, and did not notice how much the guns had recoiled. This no doubt occurred. Both guns were at once reloaded, and the rammer's indicator, working by machinery, set fast and failed to show how far the new charge had gone."
The accident contributed to the Royal Navy changing to breech-loading guns, which could be more conveniently worked from inside the turrets. The fragments of the destroyed gun were re-assembled and displayed to the public at the Woolwich Arsenal. The committee of inquiry decided that the gun had been double-loaded, but this view was widely questioned, including by Sir William Palliser, designer of the Palliser shell used by these guns. Palliser's view instead was that the shot had been obstructed by a portion of the millboard disc rammed above the shell. Hydraulic power-ramming was thought to be implicated in the double loading as the telescopic hydraulic rammer had not made the double loading obvious, as a manual ramrod would have done. One piece of evidence supporting the double loading theory was the presence of an additional stud torn from a Palliser shell, found amongst the wreckage within the turret. She was repaired at Malta. Thunderer was then regarded as an unlucky ship and was placed in reserve at Malta in 1881 and had her machinery overhauled. Her armament was augmented with a pair of 14 in torpedo launchers and a half-dozen 1-inch (25 mm) Nordenfelt guns on the hurricane deck. She was recommissioned in 1885 and remained with the Mediterranean Fleet until she was paid off at Chatham Dockyard. The future King George V served aboard Thunderer in 1885–86.
The ship was assigned to the Portsmouth Reserve in January 1888 before beginning a major modernisation the following year. Her guns were replaced by four breech-loading 10-inch guns. To improve her defence against torpedo boats, her Nordenfelt guns were replaced by six quick-firing (QF) 6-pounder 57 mm and eight QF 3-pounder 47 mm Hotchkiss guns. Thunderer's machinery was replaced by inverted triple-expansion steam engines and cylindrical boilers. Their increased output of 7000 ihp increased her speed to 14.2 kn and their more economical consumption of coal allowed the coal storage to be reduced to 1200 LT.
The ship rejoined the Mediterranean Fleet in March 1891, but was forced to return home in September 1892 with persistent boiler problems and she was reduced to the Chatham reserve. Thunderer became the guard ship at Pembroke Dock in May 1895 and remained there until she returned to the Chatham reserve in December 1900. The ship was refitted there as an emergency ship in 1902, but was taken out of service five years later. Thunderer was sold for scrap for £19,500 on 13 September 1909.
The Devastation class became more popular among the civilian population and in the Royal Navy as the ships got older. Rear-Admiral John Wilson, a former captain of the ship, stated in a meeting of the Royal United Services Institute discussing the most acceptable types of battleship in 1884, "'I also agree with my friend Captain Colomb that we have no type of ship to my fancy equal to the HMS Dreadnought (1875) or the good old Thunderer. Give me the Thunderer, the hull of the Thunderer; she had bad engines, she was not arranged as I would like inside, she was badly gunned as we all know, and she had not enough light gun or sufficient armaments; but she carried 1750 LT of coal, could steam at 10 knots from here to the Cape, and could fight any ship of her class on the salt water.'"
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WIKI
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PlatformIO Community
Platformio does not Run after VSCode update
After Update to VSCode 1.37 platformio does not Run
Message: The terminal Shell path “platformio” does not exist
A downgrade so Version 1.36.1 helped to solve the issue. However i cannot run Pio in VSCode terminal anymore and i get a message
“Obsolete PIO Code v4.0.0 ist used
Please remove multiple PIO Codes from a system”
How to cope with all this stuff?
Regards Andreas
1 Like
I also noticed this issue this morning after updating to 1.37 of VSCode and had to downgrade. I did notice that if I executed PlatformIO: New Terminal. That I could then run platformIO run and it would execute successfully but not if I did Task: Build (ctrl + alt + b)
Edit: I guess I should have mentioned this is on Ubuntu 18.04
OS? Windows? Linux? Mac? Other?
I just updated to 1.37.0 (on Windows 10) since it’s out and sounds like it’s glitchy with PlatformIO… but it seems to be working fine for me… all five ways of running a build worked fine (yes, had to stop and count… at least five ways to do it…sidebar, statusbar, keyboard shortcut, terminal, command palette) … but unfortunately cannot reproduce the issues.
It seems to be Mac/Unix related - there are several comments on this here in the last few hours.
For the Obsolete PIO Core v4.0.0 warning… it sounds like there are multiple core versions installed or perhaps a failed update to PIO… I would simply close VSCode, navigate to the HOMEDIR/.platformio folder and delete it (or at least rename it, so you have a backup if things go terribly, terribly wrong), and restart VSCode so that the PlatformIO VSCode extension can do a clean reinstall of PlatformIO.
https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/faq.html#multiple-pio-cores-in-a-system
1 Like
Reinstallation does not help…
Executing task in folder st_new_blink: platformio run <
The terminal shell path “platformio” does not exist
Thanks, I have got it running! I have also seen the Link in VSCode but this simple way to delete HOMEDIR/.platformio folder was not shown their (at least I have not seen it) After re-opening of VSCode the platformIO IDE has been reinstalled. The Message regarding multiple core versions disappeared. Now, i have the same state as before the VSCode Update to version 1.37.
What i really appreciate is the fact that you find links how to solve even I was not able to use the information in the right way…
1 Like
lol… yeah, it’s not there, because it’s the nuclear solution… but since PlatformIO will just rebuild/reinstall itself, it’s also the simplest and most reliable.
I am on Linux, but this should work for OSX as well:
1. Open ~/.bashrc (or ~/.zshrc if you’re using ZSH)
2. Append at the end of the file:
# PlatformIO
export PIOROOT=$HOME/.platformio
export PATH=$PATH:$PIOROOT/penv/bin
3. Restart VSCode
After this change everything run smoothly for me.
1 Like
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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id summary reporter owner description type status component version severity resolution keywords cc stage has_patch needs_docs needs_tests needs_better_patch easy ui_ux 16488 Populating settings.CACHES based on settings.CACHE_BACKEND can fail jdunck nobody "I'm fairly sure this will be WONTFIX'd but I wanted to note this failure case in case it helps others. If django.core.cache is imported before settings finish loading, it is possible that settings.CACHE_BACKEND will not yet be set, so that forward-compatibility patching proceeds incorrectly -- using locmem rather than whatever may have been declared later. In my case, I ran into this with the fairly-common pattern of 2 settings files a.py and b.py, where b.py imports * from a. A side-effect of importing a was that django.core.cache got imported. The final config is defined with CACHE_BACKEND = ""dummy://"", but CACHES ended up with default engine of ""locmem://"". Here's the code that patches CACHES from CACHE_BACKEND (if it's there): https://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/django/core/cache/__init__.py?rev=16549#L76 Perhaps a better option would be to make the patching lazier... " Bug closed Core (Cache system) 1.3 Normal worksforme Unreviewed 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Unity Biotechnology
Unity Biotechnology, Inc. is a publicly traded American biotechnology company that develops drugs that target senescent cells.
History
Unity BioTechnologies, a company backed by Jeff Bezos and PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, was co-founded in March 2009 by Nathaniel David, Jan Van Deursen, Judith Campisi, and Daohong Zhou.
The company was founded under the name Forge, Inc., but changed its name to Unity BioTechnologies in January 2015.
Anirvan Ghosh joined Unity in 2020 as the company’s CEO. That same year, Nathaniel stepped down as president but remained a member of the board.
On May 3, 2018, the company went public on the Nasdaq exchange, raising $85 million at a market capitalization of $700 million. Unity Biotechnology shares dropped 60% on August 17, 2020, after the company reported disappointing results from a clinical trial involving its then lead drug candidate, UBX0101, in patients with moderate-to-severe painful osteoarthritis.
Products
The company's products in development include UBX1325, which targets Bcl-xL, a mechanism to eliminate senescent cells in age-related eye diseases (in Phase 2 clinical trials for diabetic macular edema as of October 2023). In July 2022, the company reported positive results from its Phase 1 study. In April 2023, the company then reported results from its Phase 2 study demonstrating that a single injection of UBX1325 resulted in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in vision through 48 weeks. They also include UBX 1967, a preclinical product targeting ophthalmologic diseases. Both products are senolytic medicines.
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WIKI
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Molly Wood
Molly Wood is an American podcast host and journalist.
Early life and education
Molly Wood studied journalism at the University of Montana. During her senior year she was the editor of the weekly student newspaper, the Montana Kaimin.
Career
Before becoming a technology journalist, she worked at the Associated Press. Looking to get away from the negative aspects covering of hard news, she moved to California and took a job at MacHome Journal, where she said she discovered that she had always been a geek. She worked at CNET from 2000 to 2013, first as an editor. She later co-hosted the Buzz Out Loud podcast, "The Buzz Report", a web-based news show, and Always On, a talk show. She joined The New York Times in 2014 as a deputy technology editor. The following year, Wood became a tech correspondent and backup host for the US public radio program Marketplace and its various spinoffs. There, she co-hosted the Make Me Smart and Marketplace Tech podcasts. She left Marketplace in 2021 to join Launch, a venture capital firm, where she was a podcaster and investor. She left in March 2023 to found Molly Wood Media, an "angel investing and startup advisory firm".
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WIKI
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3
My ajax call is resulting in error. Here is the info that I could get in error callback:
readyState: 0
responseText: ""
status: 0
statusText: "error"
What does that mean? What am I doing wrong?
Here is my ajax call:
var ajaxurl = '../mainDir/server.cfc?param1=123¶m2=234&method=updateMyInfo';
$.ajax({
url: ajaxurl,
dataType:"text",
success: function( data ) {
alert('success');
},
error: function( xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError ) {
alert('ERROR');
}
});
8
• ReadyState zero means "The object has been created, but not initialized (the open method has not been called)." – j08691 May 11 '12 at 16:37
• BTW when I check my DB the changes are there. That means the server side code ran but only the ajax went to Error callback instead of success. – Adil Malik May 11 '12 at 16:37
• how do you call the page with this code? via http/s or via file protocol? – Fabrizio Calderan May 11 '12 at 16:38
• I call it via http. Using my browser. – Adil Malik May 11 '12 at 16:39
• So look at the server and see why it's returning an error? – Dave Newton May 11 '12 at 16:43
0
The Problem is that you are running the page without deploying into server. So ajax request is taken as Cross domain call.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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French cruiser Foch
Foch was the third unit of the Suffren-class cruiser. She entered service in 1931 and spent the interwar period in the Mediterranean. September 1939 found her still in Toulon. She participated in the search for the Graf Spee in the Atlantic before returning to Toulon. The only time she fired her guns in anger was during the bombardment of Vado, Italy in mid-June 1940. She was at Toulon at the time of the Franco-German Armistice in June 1940. She remained at Toulon until the French Fleet there was scuttled in late November 1942. She was subsequently raised by the Italians who scrapped her in 1943-44.
She was originally to be named Louvois after the Marquis de Louvois, the Minister of War under King Louis XIV. However, Marshall Ferdinand Foch, France's most famous soldier during the First World War died on 29 March 1929 one month before her launch. She was then renamed Foch in his honour. The main gun turrets were named after places that were associated with Marshall Foch during the Great War.
Design and description
In the 1927 tranche there was a provision for a 10,000 ton Treaty Cruiser, the vessel would become the third unit of the Suffren-class cruiser. The hull construction would be the same as the previous two but the level of protection would be changed. The shallow armoured belt would be discarded in favour of an armoured caisson over the machinery spaces with an increase on the magazine sides. The coal fired cruising boilers would not be installed. In their place an extra oil fuel bunker would be installed. The removal of these boilers led to the second funnel being slimmer than the previous vessels. A tripod fore mast was installed with the supporting legs more splayed than the others. The high angle directors were placed on top of the legs. Aircraft arrangements and guns would be the same as the Colbert. She was ordered on 1 March 1927 then laid down as Project Number C2 with her hull designation of 100 on 21 June 1927 after the launch of her sister ship Colbert. She was launched on 24 April 1929. She commenced her sea trials on 1 August 1930 and her acceptance trials on 16 December 1930. She was commissioned on 15 March and finally completed on 15 September 1931.
Pre War service
She entered service on 20 December 1931 being assigned to the First Light Division at Toulon. On 19 October 1934 the First Light was reduced in size by the formation of the Third Light Division with Foch, FRENCH CRUISER Duquesne and FRENCH CRUISER Tourville. On 1 March 1936 she was replaced by FRENCH CRUISER Suffren in the 3rd Division then assigned to the First Light Division. She was in attendance for a Fleet Inspection in the Bay of Douranenez on 27 June 1935. On 12 April 1937 the First Light Division was renamed as the First Cruiser Division and consisted of FRENCH CRUISER Colbert, Foch, FRENCH CRUISER Dupleix and FRENCH CRUISER Algérie.
Wartime service
Foch was at Toulon on the outbreak of War in September 1939. She sailed for Dakar, Senegal in November arriving on 16 November becoming a member of Force X. On 7 December she sailed with Dupleix, the British cruiser HMS Neptune, the British carrier HMS Hermes and two contre torpilleurs, FRENCH DESTROYER Milan and FRENCH DESTROYER Cassard. The ships were informed of the engagement off the River Plate when they were 850 nm from Pernambuco. They returned to Dakar to refuel so they could better place themselves if GERMAN CRUISER Admiral Graf Spee escaped to the sea. Force X again sortied from Dakar on 30 December returning on 5 January 1940. She departed Dakar for the last time on 23 January with the cruiser FRENCH CRUISER Dupleix to escort a convoy from Bermuda to Morocco. Both ships then returned to Toulon.
On the night of 13/14 June she participated in Operation Vado, the bombardment of Genoa and Vado, Italy by the Third Squadron. The Vado Group included the cruisers Foch and Algérie and the Genoa Group included the cruisers Dupleix and Colbert. The bombardment cause little damage as Group Genoa fired at the wrong target and half of Group Vado shells fell into the sea. The squadron returned to Toulon by mid-day on 14 June. Foch suffered a steering malfunction, but returned safely. On 25 June the Franco-German Armistice took effect and La Marine National ceased all offensive operations. On 3 July with the ill-conceived British attack on Mers-el-Kébir, the battleship FRENCH BATTLESHIP Strasbourg had escaped undamaged, the Fourth Cruiser Division had sailed from Algiers to Oran. The Fourth failed to link up with Strasbourg so they sailed for Toulon. Algérie, Foch and Colbert with twelve contre-torpilleurs sailed from Toulon to rendezvous with the French forces sailing north to France. They linked up with the Fourth in the early morning of 4 July and returned to Toulon. Strasbourg arrived later that evening. With continued British action around Dakar, the Vichy French had scheduled for 22 September 1940 to send the cruisers Algérie, Foch, Dupleix, FRENCH CRUISER Marseillaise and FRENCH CRUISER La Galissonnière plus three contre torpilleurs and two fleet torpedo boats to Dakar as reinforcements. The plan was vetoed by the Germans on 20 September.
On 11 November 1942 the Germans started their occupation of Vichy France. The FHM was ready to sail to North Africa to defend it from the Torch landings but was denied permission to sail. By 27 November the Germans had reached Toulon and entered the base. The Germans were delayed from entering the naval dockyard giving the French sailors time to scuttle the fleet. Foch was in a deactivated state at Castigneau, Toulon. Her guns were spiked with 35 kg charges that were detonated destroying the guns and the sea cocks and condensers were opened and the ship settled to the bottom. She was raised by the Italians who scrapped her between 1943 and 1944.
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Stages
Prostate Cancer Stage Groupings
How is Prostate Cancer Graded and Staged?
Grading (with the Gleason Score) and staging defines the progress of cancer and whether it has spread:
Grading
When prostate cancer cells are found in tissue from the core biopsies, the pathologist "grades" it. The grade is a measure of how quickly the cells are likely to grow and spread (how aggressive it is).
The most common grading system is called the Gleason grading system. With this system, each tissue piece is given a grade between three (3) and five (5). In the past, we assigned scores of one (1) and two (2). A grade of less than three (3) means the tissue is close to normal. A grade of three (3) suggests a slow growing tumor. A high grade of five (5) indicates a highly aggressive, high-risk form of prostate cancer.
The Gleason system then develops a "score" by combing the two most common grades found in biopsy samples. For example, a score of grades 3 + 3 = 6 suggests a slow growing cancer. The highest score of grades 5 + 5 = 10 means that cancer is present and extremely aggressive.
The Gleason score will help your doctor understand if the cancer is as a low-, intermediate- or high-risk disease. Generally, Gleason scores of 6 are treated as low risk cancers. Gleason scores of around 7 are treated as intermediate/mid-level cancers. Gleason scores of 8 and above are treated as high-risk cancers.
If you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, ask about your Gleason score and how it impacts your treatment decisions.
Staging
Tumor stage is also measured. Staging describes where the cancer is within the prostate, how extensive it is, and if it has spread to other parts of the body. One can have low stage cancer that is very high risk. Staging the cancer is done by DRE and special imaging studies.
The system used for tumor staging is the TNM system. TNM stands for Tumor, Nodes and Metastasis. The "T" stage is found by DRE and other imaging tests such as an ultrasound, CT scan, MRI or bone scan. The imaging tests show if and where the cancer has spread, for example: to lymph nodes or bone.
These staging imaging tests are generally done for men with a Gleason grade of 7 or higher and a PSA higher than 10. Sometimes follow-up images are needed to evaluate changes seen on the bone scan.
Imaging Tests
Not all men need imaging tests. Your doctor may recommend imaging exams based on results from other tests.
Prostate cancer may spread from the prostate into other tissues. It may spread to the nearby seminal vesicles, the bladder, or further to the lymph nodes and the bones. Rarely, it spreads to the lungs and or other organs.
Your healthcare provider may recommend a pelvic CT scan , an MRI scan or a bone scan to check if your cancer has spread.
What Are The Survival Rates For Prostate Cancer?
Many men with prostate cancer will not die from it; they will die from other causes. For men who are diagnosed, it is better if it is caught early.
Survival rates for men with prostate cancer have increased over the years, thanks to better screening and treatment options. Today, 99% of men with prostate cancer will live for at least 5 years after diagnosis. Many men having treatment are cured. Most prostate cancer is slow-growing and takes many years to progress. One out of three men will survive after five years, even if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Updated August 2018
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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How Does Lack of Sleep Affect Your Vision?
Last Updated on November 23, 2022 by amy
Our eye health depends on the numbers of hours we spend every night to receive the necessary nutrients our eyes need to function. However, finding the time to sleep can be difficult to come by if we have tight schedules or live a high-paced life where we’re always on the go. Sleep can feel like a luxury. Whatever it may be, there aren’t enough hours being spent on resting our eyes which impacts our eye health. According to the data from the National Health Interview Survey, nearly 30% of adults reported an average of less than six hours of sleep per day in 2005-2007. Within a nine year span, new data from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveals 35% of adults are not sleeping the recommended hours of sleep. The 35% of us, adults, who have poor sleeping patterns are affecting our eye health gradually the more hours we’re spending away from a good night’s sleep.
If we don’t meet the needs of our eyes we lower the immunity of our eye health. Without sleeping the recommended hours — according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute adults are recommended to sleep seven to eight hours a night — we disrupt the lubrication process our eyes undergo every night to replenish our eyes for full optimal function. We work against our eye health spending more hours awake, since we reduce the fluid circulation to cleanse and renew our eyes. For our overall eye health our eyes need to rest at least seven hours to get the nutrients our tears produce to protect them.
Getting less than seven hours of sleep can result in minor exclusive symptoms indicating we aren’t sleeping enough hours and our eye health is being affected to a degree. A common eye health symptom of poor sleeping patterns are eye spasms known as myokymia which is the involuntary twitching of the eye. Even though eye spasms are painless and harmless to our vision, it’s a sign of an imbalance to our eye muscles that is harder to control when we lack sleep.
Eye spams might be the least harmful side effect to our vision, however, a more serious eye health symptom to insufficient sleep is dry eyes. Dry eyes happen when there aren’t enough tears being produced by our eyes to keep them moist. The lack of moist to our eyes causes irritation to our cornea, the outer surface of the eye covering the iris. Irritation to the cornea, a key component to our eye health especially our vision, notifies us our eyes aren’t getting the constant moisture from our tears providing them with the nutrients and protection they need. Dry eyes cause more damage to our eye health because the lack of moisture exposes our eyes to the debris, dust, bacteria and infections in the air around us. Our eye health relies on the number of hours we sleep to undergo the lubrication process to produce the three layers our tears are made of: oxygen, water, and oil each of which play an important part in damping and protecting the health of our eyes.
Suffering from dry eyes doesn’t necessarily mean that our eyes are always dry, on the contrary, we can experience inconsistent cycles of excessive tears temporarily impairing our eye health especially our ability to see. The overproduction of tears blurs our vision for a short amount of time making it difficult to complete tasks. During these cycles our eyes are impair for a brief moment before clearing up making our eyes dry once again. The inconsistent fluid circulation imposes more damage to our eye health especially to our vision after leaving them dry once again. When our eyes become dry again we have a harder time focusing our vision on activities for an extended period of time such as looking at computer screens and reading. The more we try focusing our vision while suffering from dry eyes our eye health becomes damaged by staining them too much known as eye fatigue.
If we continue to sleep for less than then the seven hours recommended, our symptoms may progress to us experiencing eye fatigue. When we begin to experience eye fatigue we’ve lowered the immunity to our eye health more so in the field of our vision. Straining our eyes makes them feel sore and irritated causing us to have great discomfort and a burning sensation whether our eyes are open or closed. The lack of sleep impacts our eye health by increasing the retention of blood and fluid flow around our eyes causing us to see double or have blurry vision, that doesn’t go away quite so easily no matter how many times we blink. By putting more effort into trying to see clearly by squinting our eyes to focus our double or blurry vision creates more strain to our eye health. Squinting our eyes changes the shape of our eyes and how much of light enters them to see clearly but it causes contractions to our eye muscles causing us to get headaches on our temples if we do it often. If we’re constantly straining our eyes to see clearly what is in front of us we can sometimes burst a blood vessel in our eyes causing mild pain or irritation. Popping a blood vessel in the eye is an indicator our eye health is suffering from a minor indisposition that occurs when there has been too much tension to the eye or when the eye hasn’t been well conserved by our tears from outside particles.
Sleep is a very important factor in maintaining our overall eye health and more importantly the ability to have a full functioning vision. Getting less than the recommended hours causes us to have brief impairments not associated with dry eyes or eye fatigue. The continuation of poor sleeping patterns may not necessarily give us eye health symptoms of eye fatigue or dry eye, most of the time, but give us eye floaters. Eye floaters are small moving spots that appear in the field of our vision. These spots may appear as black or grey specks, strings, or cobwebs drifting the more we move our eyes and if we stare at these spots they look as if they are darting from us. The eye health of our vision is at greater risk with eye floaters because this impairment becomes more visible in lighter backgrounds completely covering our field of vision with only giving glimpses of what it is in front of us. Lack of sleep can lead to temporary blindness from the drifting specks eye floaters create limiting our ability to complete any task that requires the optimal function of our vision. Our eye health needs to be a priority as much as the rest of our body’s health in order for us to see clearly.
Sleeping less than seven hours is affective when done often but a constant maintenance of poor sleeping patterns can have its affect in the long run working against our eye health. Continuing to sleep less hours on a regular basis can help aid a severe level of dry eyes or worst conditions that permanently damage our eyes’ vision. If we continue to suffer from dry eyes and aren’t letting our eyes rest to replenish them, we’re decreasing the immunity of our eye health and increasing our chances of developing chronic dry eyes. Once we reach a chronic level of dry eyes our eyes are no longer producing new tears during the night, not to say it is a condition that can’t be fix. When we develop chronic dry eyes, our eye health requires from us a profound sleep to get our eyes back into the lubrication process they need to get the nutrients our tears produce to provide protection to our eyes.
The number of hours we stay awake rather than sleeping on a regular basis can help work against our eye health by aiding the developments of other eye conditions such as benign essential blepharospam (BEB), the involuntary closure of the eyelids but also causing light sensitivity to our eyes. Then there is Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (ION) which decreases the blood flow damaging the optic nerve for clear eyesight creating pain in our eyes. Lack of sleep aren’t the direct causes to these conditions, however, insufficient sleep is associated with aiding these conditions for permanent damage to our overall eye health.
We need to sleep at least the minimum hours recommended, seven full hours of deep sleep, for our eyes to undergo their lubrication process to restore the nutrients our eyes need. Our eye health requires us to have our eyes constantly moist to provide protection from the particles in the air and to have optimum function of our sight. Instead of working against our eye health by getting insufficient sleep on a regular basis, we need to start finding time to sleep the seven hours to prevent our eyes from suffering minor affects; minor affects impairing our field of sight temporarily.
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Chichora
Chichora is a village in Kishanganj district, Bihar, India, which comes under P.O.-Bairia, Block-Terhagachh. The village is located in the northern part of the district Kishanganj, and is bordered by Nepal in the north, the village of Bairia in the West, and the Kankai river in the East. The village is divided into three parts: Main Chichora, Eastern Chichora (Purabgaon) and Southern Chichora (Dakhingaon). The total geographical area of the village is 306 hectares.
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Chichora village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village.
Demographics
Chichora is a medium size village located in Terhagachh Block of Kishanganj district, Bihar with total 235 families residing. The Chichora village has population of 1198 of which 633 are males while 565 are females as per Population Census 2011. Population Density of the village is 391 person per square km.
In Chichora village population of children with age 0-6 is 240 which makes up 20.03 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Chichora village is 893 which is lower than Bihar state average of 918. Child Sex Ratio for the Chichora as per census is 920, lower than Bihar average of 935.
Chichora village has higher literacy rate compared to Bihar. In 2011, literacy rate of Chichora village was 64.30 % compared to 61.80 % of Bihar. In Chichora Male literacy stands at 75.79 % while female literacy rate was 51.33 %. Children (aged under 6 years) population of the village is 20%, among them 52% are boys and 48% are girls. There are 235 households in the village and an average 5 persons live in every family.
Caste Factor
86% of the whole population are from general caste, 11% are from scheduled caste and 2% are scheduled tribes.
Some specific personalities in this village are:
* Sarwan Kumar Pandit, who is serving in the Bihar Police at Katihar District (Bihar) in the District Armed Police DAP).
* Satya Narayan Pandit, who is serving in Survey Of India Department.
* Raj Narayan Das, who is serving in SSB under the post of Constable.
* Lakhan Lal Pandit, also known as Panditji – a famous politician.
Caste classification
* 1) Kumhar
* 2) Malha
* 3) Koch
* 4) Harijan
Places To See
The village is located near a very thick forest, the Chichora Forest, also called as "Jhaar" by the native people. The forest encloses a thick green lush of trees which borders it to the neighbouring country of Nepal. Distance to the open Nepal border is merely 2 km, making it very much convenient for trade as well.
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Page:Confederate Military History - 1899 - Volume 7.djvu/520
Rh under fire, driving the enemy slowly from hill to hill." The Fourth, under Major Adair, shared in this gallant service, and finally, after repulsing a strong attack of the enemy, was ordered back when ammunition was exhausted.
In his report of the service of the Twentieth, Major Brown gives special mention to Lieut. R. W. Paine, who was killed; Capt. D. T. Patterson, wounded; Lieut. O, R. Eastlake, who fell badly wounded, but refused to be carried from the field, crying, "Never mind me, boys, fight on;" Lieut. J. H. Barber, wounded; Capt. W. A. Rorer; Lieut. W. R. Nelson, commanding Company G; Lieuts. T. B. Sykes, Conway, Murff, Roberts, W. S. Champlin commanding Company E, and Lieutenant Harrison.
The Fourteenth, fighting in the early part of the day on the Wynn's Ferry road, was especially distinguished in the afternoon when, upon the fatal order from Pillow to fall back, it took part in the long and desperate struggle against the Federal assault, which finally closed in the enemy’s repulse.
Following this creditable battle, in which the enemy were for the time really defeated and a way opened for the withdrawal of the army, the generals in command, Floyd, Pillow and Buckner, decided to surrender, and the two first named departed, leaving Buckner to bear the humiliation.
At 1 o’clock Sunday morning, Major Brown, sent for to report to General Floyd, was told by that officer that it had been determined to surrender, but he would not do so and would "cut his way out." This Floyd accomplished by posting the Twentieth Mississippi to guard the landing while he embarked the Virginians of his command. "The news of the surrender spreading through the camp," reported Major Brown, "caused many to flock to the river, almost panic-stricken and frantic to make good their escape by getting aboard. In all this
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Talk:List of George Franklin Barber works
merger in progress, questions
Hi, I started up what turns out to be a duplicative list of works at George F. Barber, which I see obviously needs to be merged to here. Current version is this. It is pretty well cleaned / verified to include links to NRHP-listed places under the article names for the places that appear in geo-based List articles of NRHP places. Not all are verified to be places associated with George Franklin Barber; there are a few identified as "George Barber" and there are a few others where there may be a typo in the architect name.
One example is Bailey House (Fernandina Beach, Florida) whose NRIS entry gives (Barber,George, & Asso.) as architect. However, Fernandina Beach Historic District's NRIS entry gives (Barber,George W., et al.) as architect (note W. not F. may be a typo). So, what to assume about Israel Platt Pardee Mansion, Hazleton, PA whose NRIS entry credits (Barber, George W.) as architect?
I'd prefer to work forward slowly with the merger, with assistance of editor(s) here, striking out items there as they are verified covered here, then eventually copying over any remaining questions to this Talk page, then redirecting from "George F. Barber" to "George Franklin Barber" when complete.
In the list drafted at George F. Barber, i put in wikilinks for all the NRHP-listed places. Many of these are redlinks. I notice no redlinks in the current "List of George Franklin Barber works" article. How would editors here like to proceed, accepting redlinks here or only wikilinking when there is an article? It would be feasible to create short stub articles for all the NRHP-listed ones quickly, if redlinks are not desired. I would prefer to just include wikilinks that will show as redlinks. -- do ncr am 16:36, 15 May 2011 (UTC)
* For what it's worth, I have moved the page that Doncram describes to User:Doncram/George F. Barber and converted George F. Barber to a redirect pointing to the long-pre-existing article George Franklin Barber. --Orlady (talk) 21:40, 15 May 2011 (UTC)
* Hey, I am getting edit conflicts here. As SarekOfVulcan and Bms4880 have noticed, I began merging in the information that I had proposed be done by an orderly merger. If an administrator would restore the George F. Barber article with its merger notice I would be happy to proceed from there. However, I am finding it reasonably efficient to proceed with the merger working within this article, with a working section tagged Under Construction, and I will proceed. It shouldn't take long. Please note, some relevant guidelines and policies are wp:ownership and wp:involved and wp:wikihounding, which are relevant if editors continue to try to interfere with normal development of this article.
* If owners of this article object to the wikilinking that I am adding, which creates redlinks to NRHP-listed places indexed by geo-based NRHP list-articles, please say so. Note, I did ask politely here how editors would like to proceed, and got no response. -- do ncr am 14:31, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
* Well, we kind of figured that we didn't need to say "proceed competently." Our mistake. --SarekOfVulcan (talk) 14:26, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
In this edit by Bms4880 i see suggestion that Park City Historic District (Knoxville, Tennessee) is meant to be covered at Parkridge (Knoxville, Tennessee). I set up a redirect. Bms4880, do you want to put some coverage of the Park City Historic District topic in that article? Or, I'll get to it a bit later. -- do ncr am 14:31, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
* I have a major expansion planned for the Parkridge article. I went ahead and added some tidbits. Bms4880 (talk) 14:42, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
NRHP search hits
* 1) G. W. S. Allen House, 207 E. Henry St., Mount Pleasant, IA (Barber,George F., & Co.) NRHP-listed
* 2) Bailey House, 7th and Ash Sts., Fernandina Beach, FL (Barber,George, & Asso.) NRHP-listed
* 3) Dr. J. O. and Catherine Ball House, 500 W. Monroe St., Mt. Pleasant, IA (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 4) I. W. P. Buchanan House, 428 W. Main St., Lebanon, TN (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 5) Carey, John T. and Marietta (Greek) House, 1502 1st Ave. N, Denison, IA (Barber, George F. & Co.) NRHP-listed
* 6) Central Methodist Church (Spartanburg, South Carolina), 233 N. Church St., Spartanburg, SC (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 7) Donnelly House, Donnelly Ave., Mount Dora, FL (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 8) Earl-Rochelle House, 1920 Magnolia St., Texarkana, TX (Barber, George) NRHP-listed
* 9) Isaac Newton Ellis House, 258 S. Extension St., Hazlehurst, MS (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 10) William Gedamke House, 1304 E. Powell Blvd., Gresham, OR (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 11) Fred Goeller House, 234 Riverside Dr., Klamath Falls, OR (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 12) William W. Gray House, 119 N. Court St., Grayville, IL (Barber,George Franklin) NRHP-listed
* 13) Robert Lee Hardy House, 207 S. Main St., Monticello, AR (Barber,George Franklin, Co.) NRHP-listed
* 14) Harvey, John, House, 175 N. Seminary St., Madisonville, KY (Barber,George) NRHP-listed
* 15) Charles T. Holt House, 228 Holt St., Haw River, NC (Barber,George Franklin) NRHP-listed
* 16) C. R. Joy House, 816 Grand Ave., Keokuk, IA (Barber, George F., & Company) NRHP-listed
* 17) J. Nelson Kelly House, 521 S. 5th St., Grand Forks, ND (Barber, George F. & Co.) NRHP-listed
* 18) William Kerr House, 501 N. Columbia St., Union City, IN (Barber,George F. & Co.) NRHP-listed
* 19) Lampton-Thompson-Bourne House, 423 Church St., Columbia, MS (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 20) Linsay House, 935 E. College, Iowa City, IA (Barber,George F., & Co.) NRHP-listed
* 21) Dr. James L. Lovvorn House, 113 E. College St., Bowdon, GA (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 22) Walter Scott Montgomery House, 314 S. Pine St., Spartanburg, SC (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 23) A.E. Moreton Jr. House, 610 S. Jackson St., Brookhaven, MS (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 24) Robert D. Moreton House, 613 S. Jackson St., Brookhaven, MS (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 25) Morgan House, 532 N Walnut St., Bloomington, IN (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 26) John Calvin Owings House, 787 W. Main St., Laurens, SC (Barber,George F. & Co.) NRHP-listed
* 27) Israel Platt Pardee Mansion, 235 N. Laurel St. and 28 Aspen St., Hazleton, PA (Barber,George W.) NRHP-listed
* 28) Peters House, 1319 Grainger Ave., Knoxville, TN (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 29) Phillips House, 307 E. 2nd N. St., Morristown, TN (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 30) William Henry Scales House, 1108 Magnolia Dr., Macon, MS (Barber, George) NRHP-listed
* 31) A. J. Sherwood House, 257 E. Main St., Coquille, OR (Barber,George F., & Co.) NRHP-listed
* 32) Short-Dodson House, 755 Park Ave., Hot Springs, AR (Barber, George) NRHP-listed
* 33) Trippet-Shive House, 209 N. Grand, Waxahachie, TX (Barber,George) NRHP-listed
* 34) Dr. Francis B. Warnock House, 201 Maple St., Battle Creek, IA (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 35) Watkins House, 302 S. Camden St., Richmond, MO (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 36) James Robert Williams House, 310 E. Main St., Carmi, IL (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 37) George F. Winslow House, 210 Oakwood Pl., Eau Claire, WI (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 38) One or more works in the Airview Historic District, 701-720 East Main St. extended, Middletown, MD (Barber, George F. & Co.) NRHP-listed
* 39) One or more works in the Fourth and Gill Historic District, Roughly bounded by I-40, Broadway, Central and 5th Ave., Knoxville, TN (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 40) One or more works in the Fernandina Beach Historic District, Roughly bounded by N. 9th St., Broome, Ash, S. 5th St., Date, and S. 8th St., Fernandina Beach, FL (Barber,George W., et al.) NRHP-listed
* 41) One or more works in the Freeman's Grove Historic District, Roughly bounded by Liberty St., Eagle St., Bracewell Ave., and Houghton St., North Adams, MA (Barber,George F.,Co.) NRHP-listed
* 42) One or more works in the State Street Historic District, Roughly bounded by Chestnut, Jackson, Jefferson, State Sts., North Vernon, IN (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 43) One or more works in the Park City Historic District, Roughly bounded by Washington Ave., Cherry St., Woodbine Ave., Beaman St., Magnolia Ave. and Winona St., Knoxville, TN (Barber,George F.) NRHP-listed
* 44) One or more works in the Maple Street Historic District, 161--342 Capital Ave., NE, Battle Creek, MI (Barber, Geo. F.) NRHP-listed
* 45) One or more works in the Richardson Houses Historic District, NW side of Richardson Dr. between Coach Rd. and Woodland Dr., Reidsville, NC (Barber,George E.) NRHP-listed
* 46) One or more works in the East Church Street-Starling Avenue Historic District, Brown St., E. Church St., Cleveland Ave., Letcher Court, Market St. E, Scuffle Hill, Starling Ave., Martinsville, VA (Barber, George Franklin) NRHP-listed
* 47) One or more works in the Kingston Avenue Historic District, Roughly along N. Kingston, S. Kingston, and E. Rockwood Aves., Rockwood, TN (Barber, George F.) NRHP-listed
* 48) One or more works in the Gwyn Avenue-Bridge Street Historic District, Roughly bounded by N. Bridge St., Mill View Rd., Market St. and Church St., Elkin, NC (Barber, George Franklin) NRHP-listed
Edit protected
I know it's going to piss everyone off, but I have edit protected this article for three days. I have no opinion whatsoever on what should be in the content, but the place for working drafts is talkpages or userspace not article space. You don't screw up the article. If you reach an consensus in a shorter period of time, just ask any admin to turn the protection off. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Elen of the Roads (talk • contribs) 16:27, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
* I am unprotecting the article for now. Protection made sense as a way to stop disruptive revert-wars. However, the main participant(s) in revert-warring is/are blocked right now, so no discussion is likely to occur for the next several days. Unprotecting the article will allow users like Bms4880 to continue improving and expanding the article by making uncontentious edits like the ones requested below. --Orlady (talk) 18:52, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
* Fine by me - glad it's resolved. --Elen of the Roads (talk) 21:17, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
Edit request
I need an admin to make the following (non-contentious) edit:
For the last entry, the Lampton-Thompson-Bourne House, add 1907 as the year of completion, "Standing" for its status, ART #552/CS2# 54; NRHP (#98001335) for Other Information, leave the image column blank, and for the reference link to the form at http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NRHP/Text/98001335.pdf. Then move the entry to between the Robert Covington House and Raper Building. Thanks. Bms4880 (talk) 17:05, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
* I made some of those changes, but I didn't move the entry yet because I don't understand the logic of the list sequence. --Orlady (talk) 17:25, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
* They're in chronological order by year of completion, though some don't fit neatly because we don't know the exact year. The link references the National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for the Lampton-Thompson-Bourne House, completed by Joan Embree, 28 February 1998. Bms4880 (talk) 18:12, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
T.W. Fisk House
I can document from Knoxville's 1891/1892 City Directory (microfilm) and the physical 1890 Sanborn Insurance map at McClung Collection that T.W. Fisk House and 800 Deery Street are not the same building, but have absolutely no idea how to go about listing those as sources. I understand that this is sort of a "no original research" problem when a couple of sources do list them as the same building, despite the overwhelming evidence of that they don't remotely look like the same building. Archarin (talk) 21:13, 17 November 2012 (UTC)
* I'll take your word for it. I noticed they looked a lot different, but I assumed it was due to renovations over the years. Bms4880 (talk) 22:27, 17 November 2012 (UTC)
Incorporating houses directly from the catalogs
I went through "Modern Dwellings," 3rd. Edition, and added the identified houses to the list, though in general, I don't know whether they are still standing, or what year they were built. By default, I've listed them as "1897 (appx.)" as relating to the publication of the first edition, unless I had another source indicating something different. It occurred to me part way through that I was overlooking another layer of complication - that is, not only do I not know which are standing and which have been demolished, I don't really know, in many cases, whether the houses were actually built. I didn't think of a good way to differentiate between houses for which there are actual photos in the catalogs and houses for which there are only renderings, but I couldn't think of a good alternative that would allow this to be done at all systematically - without traveling all over the country to try to prove that certain houses were not ever built, you could never check any catalog off the list. I favor erring on the side of too much information rather than too little, but I'm open to ideas on how this can be done more accurately (though please don't just go through and delete all of them without some discussion first).
Design #43 (p. 113), unidentified in the catalog, I am almost certain I have an actual photo of somewhere, so this note is to remind me to look for it. --Archarin (talk) 14:06, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
* You might try searching the web to see if any of these houses are still standing. I found a Frank Hicks House in Blandinsville: . Does it resemble MD3 8-E? Bms4880 (talk) 15:04, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
* That's it exactly. I'll cite the link. Archarin (talk) 19:40, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
* Does this look like MD3-19E: ? Bms4880 (talk) 20:19, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
* Unfortunately not - it's more of a Foursquare, with octagon bays and a squarish porch. Funny little arch-top dormers. Archarin (talk) 23:55, 29 November 2012 (UTC)
* Here's another, in Belleville, Kansas: . It's listed on the Register. Any resemblance to MD3 #2E? Bms4880 (talk) 00:02, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
* That's the one. I've updated the listing. Archarin (talk) 00:19, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
Catalog List
To be struck through as cross-referenced with the existing article list. Also, if there are any of those "references" letters printed in the catalogs, list the names and addresses of the people below, as the catalogs are checked, to be cross-referenced against the main Works list as well. In my opinion, they're not informational enough to use to list a house since there's no information on which design they might even reference (though in another sense they are more reliable in that they refer to houses definitely built), but they could be helpful for someone else tracking down houses in a particular locale. Archarin (talk) 00:09, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
* CS1 - Barber's The Cottage Souvenir (c. 1887–1888)
* CS2 - Barber's The Cottage Souvenir No. 2 (1890)
* CS3 - Barber's The Cottage Souvenir Revised and Enlarged (1892)
* AH - Barber's Artistic Homes: How to Plan and Build Them (1895)
* APP - Client mentioned in Barber's Appreciation (1896)
* NMD - Barber's New Model Dwellings (1896)
* HI - Barber's Homes Illustrated (1897?)
* MD - Barber's Modern Dwellings and Their Proper Construction (1898)
* MD3 - Barber & Kluttz's Modern Dwellings: A Book of Practical Designs and Plans for Those who wish to Build or Beautify Their Homes (3rd ed., 1901)
* Joseph R. Anderson - Lee, Goochland Co., Virginia (before June 18, 1900)
* emailed an inquiry to Goochland County Historical Society Archarin (talk) 22:03, 1 April 2013 (UTC)
* W.P. Lee - Buena Vista, Virginia (before October 2, 1900)
* Magnolia, Mississippi (before August 8, 1900)
* maybe this one? They say 1902, but I don't buy it, with those Eastlake corner blocks on the interior casings. --Archarin (talk) 17:51, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
* or this one? --Archarin (talk) 17:54, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
* R.H. Dweyer - McComb, Mississippi (after August 8, 1900)
* Mrs. F.P. Tanner - Ouray, Colorado (before October 5, 1900)
* W.G. Haven - Greenfield, Illinois (before May 25, 1899)
* maybe this one? It looks like a Barber. The build date on the listing is obviously incorrect. --Archarin (talk) 18:03, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
* Frank T. Eskridge (contractor) - Boston, Massachusetts (before October 31, 1900)
* There is a Frank T. Eskrigge in the 1900 Boston City Directory (p. 549(543)) - "clerk, 28 School, Rm. 34, bds. at Brookline." Also Thomas S. Eskrigge, clerk, h. 33 Cobden.
* 1898 City Directory: Frank T. Eskrigge, clerk, 28 School, Rm. 34, bds. 502 Columbus Ave.; Thomas S. Eskrigge, clerk, 384A Wash. h. at Winthrop. (p. 525(520)) Archarin (talk) 05:14, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
* ART - Barber's Art In Architecture (c. 1901)
* AMH5 - Barber & Kluttz's American Homes: A Book of Everything for Those who are Planning to Build or Beautify Their Homes (5th ed., 1907)
Houses of Questionable Provenance
I dislike the idea of simply deleting houses and buildings from the list for not having what might be (subjectively) considered a good source, so I'd propose that they be placed here, with an explanation by the remover of the cause for them being held in limbo. Archarin (talk) 19:40, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
* Are you referring to a specific deletion, or just in general? Bms4880 (talk) 19:42, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
* In general. And that I'm making a couple. Archarin (talk) 19:47, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
* Okay, though I'm having a little trouble deciding how to format it.Archarin (talk) 19:54, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
* I believe the NRHP write-up for Fourth and Gill mistook this house for the Fisk House. Bms4880 (talk) 19:56, 14 May 2014 (UTC).
* I'd noted that already as sort of an internal disambiguation. Fisk House is on the list; this actual house is the one with the City Directory conflict. Archarin (talk) 20:00, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
External links modified
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* Added tag to https://cris.parks.ny.gov/
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Illinois
House in Lebanon IL was demolished about three years ago.
There is a home at 707 Royal St, Alton IL that was recently discovered by me and verified per Chris DiMattei 2600:6C42:7600:11D4:81A1:AB26:37A1:391D (talk) 14:11, 15 September 2022 (UTC)
Gaines House
We have a Barber house in St John, WA. Originally called the R.B. Gaines House, now colloquially called the Doctor’s House as it has been home to the last 5 town doctors going back to the 1960s. It was built in 1906, model #37. Please feel free to add it to your registry.
Gaines House 304 S Main St Saint John, WA 99171 <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:23, 7 November 2022 (UTC)
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WIKI
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%global forgeurl https://github.com/jbruchon/jdupes Version: 1.20.0 %forgemeta Name: jdupes Release: 1%{?dist} Summary: Duplicate file finder and an enhanced fork of 'fdupes' License: MIT URL: %{forgeurl} Source0: %{forgesource} Patch0: jdupes-1.20.0-Makefile.patch BuildRequires: gcc BuildRequires: make %description jdupes is a program for identifying and taking actions upon duplicate files. A WORD OF WARNING: jdupes IS NOT a drop-in compatible replacement for fdupes! Do not blindly replace fdupes with jdupes in scripts and expect everything to work the same way. Option availability and meanings differ between the two programs. For example, the -I switch in jdupes means "isolate" and blocks intra-argument matching, while in fdupes it means "immediately delete files during scanning without prompting the user." %prep %forgesetup %patch0 -p1 %build %make_build CFLAGS="%{optflags}" PREFIX="%{_prefix}" MAN_BASE_DIR="%{_mandir}" %install %make_install PREFIX="%{_prefix}" MAN_BASE_DIR="%{_mandir}" %files %license LICENSE %doc CHANGES INSTALL README.md README.stupid_dupes %{_bindir}/jdupes %{_mandir}/man1/jdupes.1.gz %changelog * Wed Jul 07 2021 David Cantrell - 1.20.0-1 - Initial package
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Power sum symmetric polynomial
In mathematics, specifically in commutative algebra, the power sum symmetric polynomials are a type of basic building block for symmetric polynomials, in the sense that every symmetric polynomial with rational coefficients can be expressed as a sum and difference of products of power sum symmetric polynomials with rational coefficients. However, not every symmetric polynomial with integral coefficients is generated by integral combinations of products of power-sum polynomials: they are a generating set over the rationals, but not over the integers.
Definition
The power sum symmetric polynomial of degree k in $$n$$ variables x1, ..., xn, written pk for k = 0, 1, 2, ..., is the sum of all kth powers of the variables. Formally,
* $$ p_k (x_1, x_2, \dots,x_n) = \sum_{i=1}^n x_i^k \, .$$
The first few of these polynomials are
* $$p_0 (x_1, x_2, \dots,x_n) = 1 + 1 + \cdots + 1 = n \, ,$$
* $$p_1 (x_1, x_2, \dots,x_n) = x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n \, ,$$
* $$p_2 (x_1, x_2, \dots,x_n) = x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \cdots + x_n^2 \, ,$$
* $$p_3 (x_1, x_2, \dots,x_n) = x_1^3 + x_2^3 + \cdots + x_n^3 \, .$$
Thus, for each nonnegative integer $$k$$, there exists exactly one power sum symmetric polynomial of degree $$k$$ in $$n$$ variables.
The polynomial ring formed by taking all integral linear combinations of products of the power sum symmetric polynomials is a commutative ring.
Examples
The following lists the $$n$$ power sum symmetric polynomials of positive degrees up to n for the first three positive values of $$n.$$ In every case, $$p_0 = n$$ is one of the polynomials. The list goes up to degree n because the power sum symmetric polynomials of degrees 1 to n are basic in the sense of the theorem stated below.
For n = 1:
* $$p_1 = x_1\,.$$
For n = 2:
* $$p_1 = x_1 + x_2\,,$$
* $$p_2 = x_1^2 + x_2^2\,.$$
For n = 3:
* $$p_1 = x_1 + x_2 + x_3\,,$$
* $$p_2 = x_1^2 + x_2^2 + x_3^2\,,$$
* $$p_3 = x_1^3+x_2^3+x_3^3\,,$$
Properties
The set of power sum symmetric polynomials of degrees 1, 2, ..., n in n variables generates the ring of symmetric polynomials in n variables. More specifically:
* Theorem. The ring of symmetric polynomials with rational coefficients equals the rational polynomial ring $$\mathbb Q[p_1,\ldots,p_n].$$ The same is true if the coefficients are taken in any field of characteristic 0.
However, this is not true if the coefficients must be integers. For example, for n = 2, the symmetric polynomial
* $$P(x_1,x_2) = x_1^2 x_2 + x_1 x_2^2 + x_1x_2$$
has the expression
* $$P(x_1,x_2) = \frac{p_1^3-p_1p_2}{2} + \frac{p_1^2-p_2}{2} \,,$$
which involves fractions. According to the theorem this is the only way to represent $$P(x_1,x_2)$$ in terms of p1 and p2. Therefore, P does not belong to the integral polynomial ring $$\mathbb Z[p_1,\ldots,p_n].$$ For another example, the elementary symmetric polynomials ek, expressed as polynomials in the power sum polynomials, do not all have integral coefficients. For instance,
* $$e_2 := \sum_{1 \leq i<j \leq n} x_ix_j = \frac{p_1^2-p_2}{2} \, .$$
The theorem is also untrue if the field has characteristic different from 0. For example, if the field F has characteristic 2, then $$p_2 = p_1^2$$, so p1 and p2 cannot generate e2 = x1x2.
Sketch of a partial proof of the theorem: By Newton's identities the power sums are functions of the elementary symmetric polynomials; this is implied by the following recurrence relation, though the explicit function that gives the power sums in terms of the ej is complicated:
* $$p_n = \sum_{j=1}^n (-1)^{j-1} e_j p_{n-j} \,.$$
Rewriting the same recurrence, one has the elementary symmetric polynomials in terms of the power sums (also implicitly, the explicit formula being complicated):
* $$ e_n = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^n (-1)^{j-1} e_{n-j} p_j \,.$$
This implies that the elementary polynomials are rational, though not integral, linear combinations of the power sum polynomials of degrees 1, ..., n. Since the elementary symmetric polynomials are an algebraic basis for all symmetric polynomials with coefficients in a field, it follows that every symmetric polynomial in n variables is a polynomial function $$f(p_1,\ldots,p_n)$$ of the power sum symmetric polynomials p1, ..., pn. That is, the ring of symmetric polynomials is contained in the ring generated by the power sums, $$\mathbb Q[p_1,\ldots,p_n].$$ Because every power sum polynomial is symmetric, the two rings are equal.
(This does not show how to prove the polynomial f is unique.)
For another system of symmetric polynomials with similar properties see complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials.
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WIKI
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Perma Life Mufflers, Inc. v. International Parts Corp./Dissent Harlan
Mr. Justice HARLAN, with whom Mr. Justice STEWART joins, concurring in part and dissenting in part.
The variety of views this case has engendered seems to me to stem from lack of agreement on a definition of the term 'in pari delicto,' as well as a disagreement, perhaps, on the standards that should govern the use of the defense to which that term is properly applied. I believe that the courts below misused the term, but that properly used it refers to a defense that should be permitted in antitrust cases. Consequently, I would remand this case not for immediate trial but for fresh consideration of the motion for summary judgment upon proper standards.
Plaintiffs who are truly in pari delicto are those who have themselves violated the law in cooperation with the defendant. If the law is the Sherman Act, both are, in principle, liable equally to criminal prosecution. For example, two manufacturers who agree on a price at which they will sell are 'of equal fault,' as are a manufacturer and a dealer who strike a bargain whereby each accepts an illegal restriction that benefits the other.
When a peron suffers losses as a result of activities the law forbade him to engage in, I see no reason why the law should award him treble damages from his fellow offenders. It seems to me a bizarre way to 'further the overriding public policy in favor of competition,' ante, at 139, to pay violators three times their losses in doing what public policy seeks to deter them from doing. Even if the threat of intra-conspiracy treble damages had some deterrent effect, however, I should not think it a too 'fastidious regard for the relative moral worth of the parties,' ibid., to decline to sanction a kind of antitrust enforcement that rests upon a principle of well-compensated dishonor among thieves.
There are, however, three situations quite disinct from that to which I think the term in pari delicto is properly applied. The first is the 'consent' situation in which the Latin maxim 'volenti non fit injuria' is sometimes invoked. Where X and Y conspire to fix prices at which they will sell, they are in pari delicto. If Z, knowing of the conspiracy, nevertheless purchases from X, he is not in pari delicto. He has committed no offense: the most that can be said is that he knowingly allowed an offense to be committed against him. I would agree, for many of the reasons stated in the opinions of Mr. Justice BLACK, Mr. Justice FORTAS, and Mr. Justice MARSHALL, that there should be no defense in such a situation, where the plaintiff has done nothing the law told him not to do.
A second situation distinguishable from true in pari delicto is illustrated by Kiefer-Stewart Co. v. Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, 340 U.S. 211, 71 S.Ct. 259, 95 L.Ed. 219, relied on by the Court. It was there alleged in defense to a trebledamage action that the defendants' illegal actions were taken in reprisal against altogether independent illegal actions by the plaintiff. Here again, I accept the decision that this is no defense. Our law frowns on vigilante justice. Since the plaintiff is in part enforcing the public interest against the defendants' violations, I would permit him to do so, and leave punishment for any independent violation by him to proper means of enforcement.
The third distinguishable situation may or may not be illustrated by Simpson v. Union Oil Co., 377 U.S. 13, 84 S.Ct. 1051, 12 L.Ed.2d 98, and Albrecht v. Herald Co., 390 U.S. 145, 88 S.Ct. 869, 19 L.Ed.2d 998, two cases that I find it quite difficult to understand. In each of them, the plaintiff had been offered a dealership, on terms that he did not participate in formulating, and in each case he at first 'accepted' such a dealership. Since neither case stated satisfactorily where the alleged combination in restraint of trade was to be found, it is not clear whether the plaintiff's acceptance of a dealership was itself a forbidden act. If it was not, then these cases fall under the heading of 'consent' cases. A person who engaged in a lawful business on the terms offered should not be prevented from suing merely by his knowledge that others violated the law in contriving those terms. If, however, those plaintiffs were doing something the law told them not to do, I suggest that recovery in those cases can best be understood on the theory of a 'coercion' exception to the in pari delicto doctrine. That is, although a large business with the power to dictate terms and a small business that can only accept them or cease doing business may both, in principle, be liable to legal sanctions for the contract that results from the offer and acceptance, it is considered that the liability is not 'par,' and that the business accepting dictation is only minimally blameworthy.
In my view, the District Court and the Court of Appeals did not apply the true in pari delicto standard to this case. The District Court said that 'each plaintiff voluntarily entered into the franchise agreement * * * and accepted the benefits therefrom. They are * * * (therefore?) in pari delicto with defendants * * * .' At another point the court said, 'We have repeatedly held that a person who freely assents to an act suffers 'no legal injury' if harm results therefrom.' Although the District Court made a passing distinction of the 'coercion' and 'unclean hands' doctrines, it is not clear that it meant to hold that the violation of the Sherman Act, if any, was one for which plaintiffs were subject to public-law sanctions along with the defendants.
The Court of Appeals decision was similar. That court relied on the District Court's language quoted above, adding that each of the plaintiffs had made a substantial profit from selling auto parts, a fact that might bear on the measure of any damages but which, apart from illegal action on the part of the plaintiffs, should not afford an absolute defense.
It is by no means clear on this record, however, that the plaintiffs may not be said to have been in pari delicto in the proper sense of that term. This question is rendered more difficult by the complexity of the record history of plaintiffs' activities, and by the formidable obscurity of the law of dealer liability for vertical restraints, an obscurity fostered by Simpson, supra Albrecht, supra, and above all by United States v. Parke, Davis & Co., 362 U.S. 29, 80 S.Ct. 503, 4 L.Ed.2d 505. Although I make no attempt to drain the bog at this point, I am of the view that before this case goes to trial the lower courts should be given another opportunity to consider the in pari delicto defense. I would remand this case to determine whether any agreement alleged to be in restraint of trade was one for which the plaintiffs were substantially as much responsible, and as much legally liable, as the defendants. I would permit the lower courts to consider this question upon the existing affidavits and such additional material as either side may wish to adduce.
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WIKI
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Using Inhalers and Nebulizers to Treat Asthma Attacks
Albuterol: Instant Relief for Asthmatics
The albuterol inhaler has revolutionized asthma treatment. The albuterol inhaler (often referred to as a metered dose inhaler or simply MDI) has revolutionized asthma treatment. The other good news is that in the vast majority of cases, an inhaler is all that’s required of both child and adult asthma sufferers to control their condition.
Albuterol is an inhaled bronchodilator that relaxes the muscles in the respiratory tract and dilates the airways to improve breathing. The albuterol might be mixed with cromolyn to prevent the onset of another attack. Prescribed usage might be one or two sprays every four to six hours, for example, depending on the severity of the condition and the attacks. Some patients with very mild asthma only need to inhale medication now and then, just when they feel they need it.
How to use your inhaler for maximum effect
1. Shake the canister thoroughly to ensure even dispersal of the drug in the propellant.
2. Hold the canister upright. This is important! If you don’t do this properly, the internal metering chamber won’t fill the next dose
correctly.
3. Hold the inhaler 1-2 inches away from your open mouth.
4. Activate the inhaler.
5. Breathe in steadily and slowly.
6. Continue to inhale fully after the spray of asthma medicine has been delivered.
7. Hold your breath for a count of 5-10 seconds.
8. If you need two sprays do not deliver both during the same inhalation.
Albuterol Inhaler vs. Oral Medications
Corticosteroids
The function of corticosteroids is to reduce inflammation in the bronchi. Corticosteroids are identical to (or simulate the actions of) natural steroid hormones. These synthetic steroids are generally far more powerful than the natural hormones hydrocortisone and corticosterone.
Examples of corticosteroids include methylprednisolone, prednisolone, beclomethasone and triamcinolone.
Compared with taking medicine for the condition by mouth, the albuterol inhaler wins hands down!
The reason? When swallowing tablets or syrup, the drugs must pass through the stomach into the small intestine. This can take up to an hour. The drugs must then be absorbed into the blood vessels and carried (in diluted form) to the lungs. The albuterol inhaler short-circuits this drawn out process. It goes directly to its target: the lungs.
Nebulizers: How They Differ from Inhalers
Cromolyn
Cromolyn, an anti-inflammatory asthma medicine, is used routinely to prevent the onset of an asthma attack. Its function is to prevent the airways from swelling up when they come into contact with an asthma trigger. The drug, however, becomes ineffective once the attack is under way. Cromolyn is used in both MDIs and in liquid form in nebulizers. The drug is often used for the specific treatment of exercise induced asthma.
A nebulizer is a device that converts liquid asthma medicine into a cloud of tiny aerosol particles. The device is driven by a compressed air machine. It comprises a cup, a mouthpiece (usually attached to a mask) and thin plastic tubing that connects the mouthpiece to the compressed air machine.
Nebulizers have one big advantage over ordinary inhalers: they can deliver the drugs to the airways and control an asthma attack, even when movement of breath in and out of the lungs is severely reduced.
Used extensively in hospitals, nebulizers are particularly effective for the treatment of three categories of patients:
• Infants and children under five years old
• Adults and children who, for whatever reason, are unable to use a normal albuterol inhaler
• Any age group suffering from a severe attack.
Leave a Comment
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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A Fazenda 14
A Fazenda 14 was the fourteenth season of the Brazilian reality television series A Fazenda, which premiered Tuesday, September 13, 2022, at 11:00 / 10:00 p.m. (BRT / AMT) on RecordTV, following a sneak peek episode that aired on September 12.
Development
Adriane Galisteu returned for her second season as the main host, alongside Lucas Selfie as the show's online host and correspondent.
Like the previous seasons, the contestants moved into the Farm on Sunday, September 11, 2022, two days before the season premiere.
Future Appearances
In 2023, Bruno Tálamo appeared on A Grande Conquista 1, he received enough votes to enter in the game, Bruno finished the game in 14th place.
In 2023, Shayan Haghbin appeared in A Fazenda 15, he finished in 8th place in the competition.
The Warehouse
On Day 2, five additional contestants entered the Warehouse where the public voted for one of them to move into the main House on Day 5.
Fire challenge
Each week, contestants (determined by a random draw) compete in the Fire challenge to win the Lamp power. The Lamp power entitles the holder two flames (black and green or red and yellow), which may unleash good or bad consequences on the nomination process, with the green/red flame power defined by the public through the R7.com website among two options.
The winner chooses a flame for himself and delegates which contestant holds the other. The Flame holder's choice is marked in bold.
Brazilian ratings
All numbers are in points and provided by Kantar Ibope Media.
* In 2022, each point represents 258.821 households in 15 market cities in Brazil (74.666 households in São Paulo).
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WIKI
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BRIEF-Columbia Property Sees 2018 FFO Per Share $1.41 - $1.46
Feb 15 (Reuters) - Columbia Property Trust Inc: * COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST RELEASES FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2017 RESULTS AND PROVIDES 2018 GUIDANCE * SEES 2018 FFO PER SHARE $1.41 - $1.46 * SEES 2018 NORMALIZED FFO PER SHARE $1.41 - $1.46 * COLUMBIA PROPERTY TRUST SEES 2018 SAME STORE NOI - CASH UP 10 PERCENT - UP 12 PERCENT * FY2018 FFO PER SHARE VIEW $1.42 — THOMSON REUTERS I/B/E/S Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage:
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Trending
How do I change the path to a program?
How do I change the path to a program?
How to Change Your Default Install/Download Location in Windows 10
1. Open Settings.
2. Click on System Settings.
3. Find your Storage settings and click “change where new content is saved”
4. Change the default installation location to the drive of your choice.
5. Apply your new installation directory.
How do I change the path of a program in Windows?
Replies (5)
1. Press Start menu and click Settings.
2. In Settings, click on System and click on Apps and features tab.
3. Click on the app that you would like to move to a different drive.
4. You will see Move and Uninstall options. Click Move button and then select a drive of your choice to move the app.
How do I change where a file is installed?
Changing the Install Folder for Windows Store Apps
1. Click on the search bar and type in “Settings.”
2. From the search results, select the Settings.
3. Select System from the menu.
4. In the menu on the left, select Storage.
5. Now, under More storage settings, click Change where new content is saved.
How do I open the installation directory?
1. If you have shortcut icon on your desktop you can right click it and select “properties”
2. and the installation folder path should be in the box “target” you can copy this path on a folder or in the “run” box to open it.
What is an install path?
The installation path is the folder, relative to your domain name’s document root folder. For example, if the installation path is “/” this means that your website will appear when someone types in yourdomain.com in their browser.
How do I change a program from C to D?
Move Programs in Apps & Features Or Go to Settings > Click “Apps” to open Apps & features. Step 2. Select the program and click “Move” to continue, then select another hard drive such as D: drive to move the selected app to and click “Move” to confirm.
How do I move programs to another drive?
How to Move Apps and Programs to Another Drive on Windows 10
1. Press Windows key + I to open Settings.
2. Click Apps. You should be on the Apps & features page.
3. Scroll to the app that you want to move and click it.
4. Click Move.
5. Select the new drive from the dropdown.
6. Click Move again.
How do I change the path in the registry?
A.
1. Start a registry editor (e.g., regedit.exe).
2. Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\ExplorerUser Shell Folders.
3. Double-click Start Menu.
4. Change the path to point to the new location of the Start menu shortcuts, and click OK.
5. Close the registry editor.
How do I move program files to another drive?
Go to start menu > Settings > System > Apps & features, then you will see a list programs. Step 2. Select an app and hit the Move option under the specified app, and then select a location on another drive.
Where is program installation directory?
The typical path is normally in Windows 32-bit is C:\Program Files and in Windows 64-bit is C:\Program Files and C:\Program Files(x86). Microsoft recommends the C:\Program Files folder for the default installation destination.
How do I find the path to my Windows installation?
The steps are as follows:
1. Right-click on the shortcut of the program.
2. Select Properties option.
3. In the Properties window, access the Shortcut tab.
4. In the Target field, you will see the program location or path.
How do I change the path and variables in Windows Vista?
Setting the path and variables in Windows Vista and Windows 7. From the Desktop, right-click the Computer icon and select Properties. Click the Advanced System Settings link in the left column. In the System Properties window, click on the Advanced tab, then click the Environment Variables button near the bottom of that tab.
What is the default installation path for Windows?
By default Windows installs all programs into the C:\\Program Files and C:\\Program Files (x86) directories. If the hard drive you have the operating system installed on is running out of space though, or you just want to have the OS on a separate SSD, you might want to consider changing these default installation paths.
How do I change the path of regedit in Windows?
The 64bit version has two versions of regedit. Make this change as well: 1.) Enter into Start >Run: %systemroot%\\syswow64egedit 2.) Go to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \\ SOFTWARE \\ Microsoft \\ Windows \\ CurrentVersion 3.) Change the Path in DWORDs ProgramFilesDir, ProgramFilesDir (x86) to the new path, probably just changing the drive letter.
How do I view and set the path in the Windows command line?
To view and set the path in the Windows command line, use the path command. Setting the path and variables in Windows Vista and Windows 7. From the desktop, right-click the Computer icon and select Properties. If you don’t have a Computer icon on your desktop, click Start, right-click the Computer option in the Start menu, and select Properties.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Candle of Vision/Earth
I THINK of earth as the floor of a cathedral where altar and Presence are everywhere.
This reverence came to me as a boy listening to the voice of birds one coloured evening in summer, when suddenly birds and trees and grass and tinted air and myself seemed but one mood or companionship, and I felt a certitude that the same spirit was in all.
A little breaking of the barriers and being would mingle with being.
Whitman writes of the earth that it is rude and incomprehensible at first.
"But I swear to you," he cries, "that there are divine things well hidden."
Yet they are not so concealed that the lover may not discover them, and to the lover nature reveals herself like a shy maiden who is slowly drawn to one who adores her at a distance, and who is first acknowledged by a lifting of the veil, a long-remembered glance, a glimmering smile, and at last comes speech and the mingling of life with life.
So the lover of Earth obtains his reward, and little by little the veil is lifted of an inexhaustible beauty and majesty.
It may be he will be tranced in some spiritual communion, or will find his being overflowing into the being of the elements, or become aware that they are breathing their life into his own.
Or Earth may become on an instant all faery to him, and earth and air resound with the music of its invisible people.
Or the trees and rocks may waver before his eyes and become transparent, revealing what creatures were hidden from him by the curtain, and he will know as the ancients did of dryad and hamadryad, of genii of wood and mountain.
Or earth may suddenly blaze about him with supernatural light in some lonely spot amid the hills, and he will find he stands as the prophet in a place that is holy ground, and he may breathe the intoxicating exhalations as did the sibyls of old.
Or his love may hurry him away in dream to share in deeper mysteries, and he may see the palace chambers of nature where the wise ones dwell in secret, looking out over the nations, breathing power into this man's heart or that man's brain, on any who appear to their vision to wear the colour of truth.
So gradually the earth lover realises the golden world is all about him in imperishable beauty, and he may pass from the vision to the profounder beauty of being, and know an eternal love is within and around him, pressing upon him and sustaining with infinite tenderness his body, his soul and his spirit.
I have obscured the vision of that being by dilating too much on what was curious, but I desired to draw others to this meditation, if by reasoning it were possible to free the intellect from its own fetters, so that the imagination might go forth, as Blake says, "in uncurbed glory."
So I stayed the vision which might have been art, or the ecstasy which might have been poetry, and asked of them rather to lead me back to the ancestral fountain from which they issued.
I think by this meditation we can renew for ourselves the magic and beauty of Earth, and understand the meaning of things in the sacred books which had grown dim.
We have so passed away from vital contact with divine powers that they have become for most names for the veriest abstractions.
And those who read do not know that the Mighty Mother is that Earth on which they tread and whose holy substance they call common clay; or that the Paraclete is the strength of our being, the power which binds atom to atom and Earth to Heaven: or that the Christos is the Magician of the Beautiful and that it is not only the Architect of the God-world but is that in us which sees beauty, creates beauty, and it is verily wisdom in us and is our deepest self; or that the Father is the fountain of substance and power and wisdom, and that we could not lift an eyelash but that we have our being in Him.
When we turn from books to living nature we begin to understand the ancient wisdom, and it is no longer an abstraction, for the Great Spirit whose home is in the vast becomes for us a moving glamour in the heavens, a dropping tenderness at twilight, a visionary light in the hills, a voice in the heart, the Earth underfoot becomes sacred, and the air we breathe is like wine poured out for us by some heavenly cupbearer.
As we grow intimate with earth we realise what sweet and august things await humanity when it goes back to that forgotten mother.
Who would be ambitious, who would wish to fling a name like Caesar's in the air, if he saw what thrones and majesties awaited the heavenly adventurer?
Who would hate if he could see beneath the husk of the body the spirit which is obscured and imprisoned there, and how it was brother to his own spirit and all were children of the King?
Who would weary of nature or think it a solitude once the veil had been lifted for him, once he had seen that great glory?
Would they not long all of them for the coming of that divine hour in the twilights of time, when out of rock, mountain, water, tree, bird, beast or man the seraph spirits of all that live shall emerge realising their kinship, and all together, fierce things made gentle, and timid things made bold, and small made great, shall return to the Father Being and be made one in Its infinitudes.
When we attain this vision nature will melt magically before our eyes, and powers that seem dreadful, things that seemed abhorrent in her will reveal themselves as brothers and allies.
Until then she is unmoved by our conflicts and will carry on her ceaseless labours.
* No sign is made while empires pass.
* The flowers and stars are still His care,
* The constellations hid in grass,
* The golden miracles in air.
* Life in an instant will be rent
* When death is glittering, blind and wild,
* The Heavenly Brooding is intent
* To that last instant on Its child.
* It breathes the glow in brain and heart.
* Life is made magical. Until
* Body and spirit are apart
* The Everlasting works Its will.
* In that wild orchid that your feet
* In their next falling shall destroy,
* Minute and passionate and sweet,
* The Mighty Master holds His joy.
* Though the crushed jewels droop and fade
* The Artist's labours will not cease,
* And from the ruins shall be made
* Some yet more lovely masterpiece.
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WIKI
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User:Devendra Tiwari BKM
DEVENDRA TIWARI Rinku
NATIONAL PRESIDENT BHARTIYA KISAN MANCH'
DIRECTOR OF INDIAN INSITUTE OF PARAMEDICAL SCIENCE'''
Born- 06 Oct 1983 ''',Harouni, Uttar Pradesh, India '''
Non Political party Bhartiya Kisan Manch Spouse(s) Mrs.Smita Tiwari
Children' 2
Website WWW.bhartiyakisanmanch.com
Life introduction
Name:- Devendra Tiwari
Father's Name:- Late Jagdish Tiwari
Mob. Number:-<PHONE_NUMBER>
Date of Birth:- 6 October 1983'''
Place of Birth:- Village newaji Kheda, Post Harauni,Distt Lucknow
permanent address:- '''Village newaji Kheda, Post Harauni,Distt Lucknow '''
Temporary Address:- '''Address - C-4 Cinderdump Complex, Alambagh, Lucknow '''
Education:- Focused on the career of studies for 15 years, in which post graduation'''
Career after graduation:- '''After that gained experience in medical from 1999 to 2010 '''
After Medical Experience:- 2011
First worked as a member, after that, the appointment of an officer was received at the district level, gradually, in view of the style of work, the post of the state level was obtained, after that the post was obtained at the national level.
Since 2011, continuous efforts are being made for farmers and cow protection through the '''Bharatiya Kisan Manch organization in the entire state. '''
Current working style:- National President, Indian Farmer's Forum
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WIKI
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Splunk® Enterprise
Search Manual
Download manual as PDF
Download topic as PDF
Evaluate and manipulate fields with multiple values
About multivalue fields
Multivalue fields are parsed at search time, which enables you to process the values in the search pipeline. Search commands that work with multivalue fields include makemv, mvcombine, mvexpand, and nomv. The eval and where commands support functions, such as mvcount(), mvfilter(), mvindex(), and mvjoin() that you can use with multivalue fields. See Evaluation functions in the Search Reference and the examples in this topic.
If you are using Splunk Enterprise, you can configure multivalue fields in the fields.conf file to specify how Splunk software detects more than one field value in a single extracted field value. Edit the fields.conf in $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/system/local/, or your own custom application directory in $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/apps/. For more information on how to do this, see Configure extractions of multivalue fields with fields.conf in the Knowledge Manager Manual.
If you are using Splunk Cloud and want to configure multivalue fields, file a Support ticket.
If your search produces results, such as a table, the results get written to the results.csv.gz file. The contents of the results.csv.gz file include fields that begin with "__mv_". These fields are for internal use only and are used to encode multivalue fields.
Evaluate multivalue fields
One of the more common examples of multivalue fields is email address fields, which typically appear two or three times in a single sendmail event--one time for the sender, another time for the list of recipients, and possibly a third time for the list of Cc addresses.
Count the number of values in a field
Use the mvcount() function to count the number of values in a single value or multivalue field.
In this example, mvcount() returns the number of email addresses in the To, From, and Cc fields and saves the addresses in the specified "_count" fields.
eventtype="sendmail" | eval To_count=mvcount(split(To,"@"))-1 | eval From_count=mvcount(From) | eval Cc_count= mvcount(split(Cc,"@"))-1
This search takes the values in the To field and uses the split function to separate the email address on the @ symbol. The split function is also used on the Cc field for the same purpose.
If only a single email address exists in the From field, as you would expect, mvcount(From) returns 1. If there is no Cc address, the Cc field might not exist for the event. In that situation mvcount(cc) returns NULL.
Filter values from a multivalue field
Use the mvfilter() function to filter a multivalue field using an arbitrary Boolean expression. The mvfilter function works with only one field at a time.
In this example, mvfilter() keeps all of the values for the field email that end in .net or .org.
eventtype="sendmail" | eval email=mvfilter(match(email, "\.net$") OR match(email, "\.org$"))
Note: This example also uses the match() function to compare the pattern defined in quotes to the value of email. See Evaluation functions in the Search Reference.
Return a subset of values from a multivalue field
Use the mvindex() function to reference a specific value or a subset of values in a multivalue field. Since the index numbering starts at 0, if you want to reference the 3rd value of a field, you would specify it as 2.
In this example, mvindex() returns the first email address in the "To" field for every email sent by Sender:
eventtype="sendmail" from=Sender@* | eval to_first=mvindex(to,0)
If you want to see the top 3 email addresses that Sender writes to, use the following search.
eventtype="sendmail" from=Sender@* | eval top_three=mvindex(to,0,2)
In this example, top_three is, itself, a multivalue field.
Manipulate multivalue fields
Use nomv to convert a multivalue field into a single value
You can use the nomv command to convert values of the specified multivalue field into one single value. The nomv command overrides the multivalue field configurations that are set in fields.conf file.
In this example for sendmail events, you want to combine the values of the senders field into a single value.
eventtype="sendmail" | nomv senders
Use makemv to separate a multivalue field
You can use the makemv command to separate multivalue fields into multiple single value fields. In this example for sendmail search results, you want to separate the values of the senders field into multiple field values.
eventtype="sendmail" | makemv delim="," senders
After you separate the field values, you can pipe it through other commands. For example, you can display the top senders.
eventtype="sendmail" | makemv delim="," senders | top senders
Use mvexpand to create multiple events based on a multivalue field
You can use the mvexpand command to expand the values of a multivalue field into separate events for each value of the multivalue field. In this example, new events are created for each value in the multivalue field, "foo".
... | mvexpand foo
Use mvcombine to create a multivalue field from similar events
Combine the values of "foo" with ":" delimiter.
... | mvcombine delim=":" foo
See also
Configure extractions of multivalue fields with fields.conf in the Knowledge Manager Manual.
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Extract fields with search commands
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About calculating statistics
This documentation applies to the following versions of Splunk® Enterprise: 7.1.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.5, 7.1.6, 7.1.7, 7.1.8, 7.1.9, 7.2.0, 7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.4, 7.2.5, 7.2.6, 7.2.7, 7.2.8, 7.2.9, 7.3.0, 7.3.1, 7.3.2, 7.3.3, 8.0.0
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Question about Emunand flashing
Discussion in '3DS - Flashcards & Custom Firmwares' started by Nintenga4852, Oct 17, 2014.
1. Nintenga4852
OP
Nintenga4852 Member
Newcomer
14
0
Sep 12, 2007
United States
I heard from someone that you can flash your emunand from Gateway to the 3DS if you hard modded it for NAND backups. Does this actually do anything worthwhile, or is this one of those "delete sys32" trolls?
2. Ryft
Ryft GBAtemp Advanced Fan
Member
546
188
Nov 21, 2013
United States
Illinois
It's true from what I have read.
3. GorTesK
GorTesK Mad Hatter
Member
1,101
501
Jan 29, 2013
Gambia, The
Down The Rabbit Hole
yes you can do that
doesn't make much sense in most cases, but can be quite handy in some scenarios
let's just say for example Big Bad Ninty releases a new firmware with new encryption and gateway would take months to fix that again, you could take your emuNAND, flash it to sysNAND, further update the sysNAND to latest firmware, access eshop, buy games from eshop, play them on latest sysNAND and when you want to play a rom again, you flash 4.x back, launch gateway mode with old emuNAND backup, play your games and switch back and forth, flash on your sysNAND whatever you desire right now and when at some point gateway releases a new firmware, you can just go back to the old 4.x sysNAND and whatever version emuNAND
with a hardmod you can do lots of nice things ^_^
4. Abcdfv
Abcdfv What comes around goes around.
Member
1,458
592
Dec 24, 2013
United States
Pretty much this. I'd like the hardmod done just for this
5. Nintenga4852
OP
Nintenga4852 Member
Newcomer
14
0
Sep 12, 2007
United States
Sounds confusing, seems better to just to keep your 4.x NAND safe somewhere.
6. GorTesK
GorTesK Mad Hatter
Member
1,101
501
Jan 29, 2013
Gambia, The
Down The Rabbit Hole
and I even simplified it... I didn't even mention how many backups you have to keep and organize, so you don't loose your legitimate eshop downloads :P
but yeah, if you can organize a little bit, then having such a mod is a nice thing in case of new unsupported updates or for bricks and many other stuff
basically the best part about it is, that with 1 3DS hardmodded you can have an unmoddified up to date sysNAND 3DS and a modded 4.5 sysNAND gateway 3DS with recent emuNAND firmware at the same time, by managing your NAND backups and reflashing them according to your needs
being the lazy ass, that I am, I just have 2 3DSXLs though lol
7. Nintenga4852
OP
Nintenga4852 Member
Newcomer
14
0
Sep 12, 2007
United States
Yeah, that's me, I just bought a "partner" for my 3DS to do just that.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Atrial flutter
Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common abnormal heart rhythm that starts in the atrial chambers of the heart. When it first occurs, it is usually associated with a fast heart rate and is classified as a type of supraventricular tachycardia. Atrial flutter is characterized by a sudden-onset (usually) regular abnormal heart rhythm on an electrocardiogram (ECG) in which the heart rate is fast. Symptoms may include a feeling of the heart beating too fast, too hard, or skipping beats, chest discomfort, difficulty breathing, a feeling as if one's stomach has dropped, a feeling of being light-headed, or loss of consciousness.
Although this abnormal heart rhythm typically occurs in individuals with cardiovascular disease (e.g., high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathy) and diabetes mellitus, it may occur spontaneously in people with otherwise normal hearts. It is typically not a stable rhythm, and often degenerates into atrial fibrillation (AF). But rarely does it persist for months or years. Similar to the abnormal heart rhythm atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter also leads to poor contraction of the atrial chambers of the heart. This leads to the pooling of the blood in the heart and can lead to the formation of blood clots in the heart which poses a significant risk of breaking off and traveling through the bloodstream resulting in strokes.
A supraventricular tachycardia with a ventricular heart rate of 150 beats per minute is suggestive (though not necessarily diagnostic) of atrial flutter. Administration of adenosine in the vein (intravenously) can help medical personnel differentiate between atrial flutter and other forms of supraventricular tachycardia. Immediate treatment of atrial flutter centers on slowing the heart rate with medications such as beta blockers (e.g., metoprolol) or calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem) if the affected person is not having chest pain, has not lost consciousness, and if their blood pressure is normal (known as stable atrial flutter). If the affected person is having chest pain, has lost consciousness, or has low blood pressure (unstable atrial flutter), then an urgent electrical shock to the heart to restore a normal heart rhythm is necessary. Long-term use of blood thinners (e.g., warfarin or apixaban) is an important component of treatment to reduce the risk of blood clot formation in the heart and resultant strokes. Medications used to restore a normal heart rhythm (antiarrhythmics) such as ibutilide effectively control atrial flutter about 80% of the time when they are started but atrial flutter recurs at a high rate (70–90% of the time) despite continued use. Atrial flutter can be treated more definitively with a technique known as catheter ablation. This involves the insertion of a catheter through a vein in the groin which is followed up to the heart and is used to identify and interrupt the electrical circuit causing the atrial flutter (by creating a small burn and scar).
Atrial flutter was first identified as an independent medical condition in 1920 by the British physician Sir Thomas Lewis (1881–1945) and colleagues. AFL is the second most common pathologic supraventricular tachycardia but occurs at a rate less than one-tenth of the most common supraventricular tachycardia (atrial fibrillation). The overall incidence of AFL has been estimated at 88 cases per 100,000 person-years. The incidence of AFL is significantly lower (~5 cases/100,000 person-years) in those younger than age 50 and is far more common (587 cases/100,000 person-years) in those over 80 years of age.
Signs and symptoms
While atrial flutter can sometimes go unnoticed, its onset is often marked by characteristic sensations of the heart feeling like it is beating too fast or hard. Such sensations usually last until the episode resolves, or until the heart rate is controlled.
Atrial flutter is usually well-tolerated initially (a high heart rate is for most people just a normal response to exercise); however, people with other underlying heart diseases (such as coronary artery disease) or poor exercise tolerance may rapidly develop symptoms, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, lightheadedness or dizziness, nausea and, in some patients, nervousness and feelings of impending doom.
Prolonged atrial flutter with fast heart rates may lead to decompensation with loss of normal heart function (heart failure). This may manifest as exercise intolerance (exertional breathlessness), difficulty breathing at night, or swelling of the legs and/or abdomen.
Complications
Although often regarded as a relatively benign heart rhythm problem, atrial flutter shares the same complications as the related condition atrial fibrillation. There is paucity of published data directly comparing the two, but overall mortality in these conditions appears to be very similar.
Rate-related
Rapid heart rates may produce significant symptoms in patients with pre-existing heart disease and can lead to inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle and even a heart attack.
In rare situations, atrial flutter associated with a fast heart rate persists for an extended period of time without being corrected to a normal heart rhythm and leads to a tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Even in individuals with a normal heart, if the heart beats too quickly for a prolonged period of time, this can lead to ventricular decompensation and heart failure.
Clot formation
Because there is little if any effective contraction of the atria, there is stasis (pooling) of blood in the atria. Stasis of blood in susceptible individuals can lead to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) within the heart. A thrombus is most likely to form in the atrial appendages. A blood clot in the left atrial appendage is particularly important as the left side of the heart supplies blood to the entire body through the arteries. Thus, any thrombus material that dislodges from this side of the heart can embolize (break off and travel) to the brain's arteries, with the potentially devastating consequence of a stroke. Thrombus material can, of course, embolize to any other portion of the body, though usually with a less severe outcome.
Sudden cardiac death
Sudden death is not directly associated with atrial flutter. However, in individuals with a pre-existing accessory conduction pathway, such as the bundle of Kent in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, the accessory pathway may conduct activity from the atria to the ventricles at a rate that the AV node would usually block. Bypassing the AV node, the atrial rate of 300 beats/minute leads to a ventricular rate of 300 beats/minute (1:1 conduction). Even if the ventricles are able to sustain a cardiac output at such a high rate, 1:1 flutter with time may degenerate into ventricular fibrillation, causing hemodynamic collapse and death.
Pathophysiology
Atrial flutter is caused by a re-entrant rhythm. This usually occurs along the cavo-tricuspid isthmus of the right atrium though atrial flutter can originate in the left atrium as well. Typically initiated by a premature electrical impulse arising in the atria, atrial flutter is propagated due to differences in refractory periods of atrial tissue. This creates electrical activity that moves in a localized self-perpetuating loop, which usually lasts about 200 milliseconds for the complete circuit. For each cycle around the loop, an electric impulse results and propagates through the atria.
The impact and symptoms of atrial flutter depend on the heart rate of the affected person. Heart rate is a measure of ventricular rather than atrial activity. Impulses from the atria are conducted to the ventricles through the atrio-ventricular node (AV node). In a person with atrial flutter, a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) will demonstrate the atrial chambers of the heart contracting at a rate of 280–300 beats per minute whereas the ventricular chambers of the heart typically beat at a rate of 140–150 beats per minute. Due primarily to its longer refractory period, the AV node exerts a protective effect on heart rate by blocking atrial impulses in excess of about 180 beats/minute, for the example of a resting heart rate. (This block is dependent on the age of the patient, and can be calculated roughly by subtracting patient age from 220). If the flutter rate is 300/minute only half of these impulses will be conducted, giving a ventricular rate of 150/minute, or a 2:1 heart block. The addition of rate-controlling drugs or conduction system disease can increase this block substantially
Diagnosis
Typical atrial flutter is recognized on an electrocardiogram by presence of characteristic "flutter waves" at a regular rate of 200 to 300 beats per minute. Flutter waves may not be evident on an ECG in atypical forms of atrial flutter. Individual flutter waves may be symmetrical, resembling p-waves, or maybe asymmetrical with a "sawtooth" shape, rising gradually and falling abruptly or vice versa. If atrial flutter is suspected clinically but is not clearly evident on ECG, acquiring a Lewis lead ECG may be helpful in revealing flutter waves.
Classification
There are two types of atrial flutter, the common type I and rarer type II. Most individuals with atrial flutter will manifest only one of these. Rarely someone may manifest both types; however, they can manifest only one type at a time.
Type I
Type I atrial flutter, also known as common atrial flutter or typical atrial flutter, has an atrial rate of 240 to 340 beats/minute. However, this rate may be slowed by antiarrhythmic agents.
The reentrant loop circles the right atrium, passing through the cavo-tricuspid isthmus – a body of fibrous tissue in the lower atrium between the inferior vena cava, and the tricuspid valve. Type I flutter is further divided into two subtypes, known as counterclockwise atrial flutter and clockwise atrial flutter depending on the direction of current passing through the loop.
* Counterclockwise atrial flutter (known as cephalad-directed atrial flutter) is more commonly seen. The flutter waves in this rhythm are inverted in ECG leads II, III, and aVF.
* The re-entry loop cycles in the opposite direction in clockwise atrial flutter, thus the flutter waves are upright in II, III, and aVF.
Type II
Type II (atypical) atrial flutter follows a significantly different re-entry pathway to type I flutter, and is typically faster, usually 340–350 beats/minute. Atypical atrial flutter rarely occurs in people who have not undergone previous heart surgery or previous catheter ablation procedures. Left atrial flutter is considered atypical and is common after incomplete left atrial ablation procedures. Atypical atrial flutter originating from the right atrium and heart's septum have also been described.
Management
In general, atrial flutter should be managed in the same way as atrial fibrillation. Because both rhythms can lead to the formation of a blood clot in the atrium, individuals with atrial flutter usually require some form of anticoagulation or antiplatelet agent. Both rhythms can be associated with dangerously fast heart rates and thus require medication to control the heart rate (such as beta blockers or calcium channel blockers) and/or rhythm control with class III antiarrhythmics (such as ibutilide or dofetilide). However, atrial flutter is more resistant to correction with such medications than atrial fibrillation. For example, although the class III antiarrhythmic agent ibutilide is an effective treatment for atrial flutter, rates of recurrence after treatment are quite high (70–90%). Additionally, there are some specific considerations particular to treatment of atrial flutter.
Cardioversion
Atrial flutter is considerably more sensitive to electrical direct current cardioversion than atrial fibrillation, with a shock of only 20 to 50 Joules commonly being enough to cause a return to a normal heart rhythm (sinus rhythm). Exact placement of the pads does not appear important.
Ablation
Due to the reentrant nature of atrial flutter, it is often possible to ablate the circuit that causes atrial flutter with radiofrequency catheter ablation. Catheter ablation is considered to be a first-line treatment method for many people with typical atrial flutter due to its high rate of success (>90%) and low incidence of complications. This is done in the cardiac electrophysiology lab by causing a ridge of scar tissue in the cavotricuspid isthmus that crosses the path of the circuit that causes atrial flutter. Eliminating conduction through the isthmus prevents reentry, and if successful, prevents the recurrence of the atrial flutter. Atrial fibrillation often occurs (30% within 5 years) after catheter ablation for atrial flutter.
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WIKI
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General Motors TBM-3E Avenger No. 86180
General Motors TBM-3E Avenger No. 86180 is a surviving TBM Avenger torpedo bomber located at the Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum in Lower Township, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. The plane, a variant of the Grumman-designed Avenger, was built by General Motors in 1945. Listed as TBM-3E Avenger Torpedo Bomber, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 11, 2003, for its significance in military history.
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WIKI
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JOFFE, Appellant, v. CABLE TECH, INC. et al., Appellees.
[Cite as Joffe v. Cable Tech, Inc., 163 Ohio App.3d 479, 2005-Ohio-4930.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio, Tenth District, Franklin County.
No. 05AP-40.
Decided Sept. 20, 2005.
Kennedy & Knoll and Nicholas E. Kennedy, for appellant.
Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, L.L.P., Susan M. DiMickele, and Lori Maiorca Zancourides, for appellees.
French, Judge.
{¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, Matt Joffe, appeals from the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas that dismissed his case for lack of personal jurisdiction pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(2).
2} On October 3, 2003, appellant filed a complaint against defendantsappellees, Cable Tech, Inc. and Bruce Stone, the Cable Tech national director of sales and quality systems. In the complaint, appellant alleged the following: (1) appellant was living and working in California when Cable Tech “became aware of [appellant]” through an employment placement agency and offered him a position in Columbus, Ohio; (2) “[t]hrough various phone conversations and emails that occurred in February and March of 2003, Stone, acting on behalf of Cable Tech, apprised [appellant] of the position of Field Service Technician, informed him that he was hired, and instructed him that his start date was March 21, 2003”; (3) Stone “provided [appellant] with an ‘offer of employment’ letter that [appellant] signed and sen[t] back to Cable Tech indicating his acceptance of Cable Tech’s terms”; (4) “[b]ased upon [appellees’] representations, [appellant] and his wife uprooted and moved to Columbus so that [appellant] could take the new position with Cable Tech”; (5) when appellant and his wife arrived in Columbus, appellees did not have work for appellant; and (6) at the end of April, Stone told appellant that “ ‘we need only one employee in Ohio’ ” and that appellant would not be working for Cable Tech. Appellant asserted that he suffered damages from appellees’ conduct and raised claims of “breach of contract/detrimental reliance,” fraudulent inducement, unlawful discriminatory practices in violation of R.C. 4112.02 et. seq., and a violation of Ohio public policy.
{¶ 3} Appellees moved to dismiss appellant’s complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction and improper venue pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(2) and 12(B)(3) respectively. Eric Stroud, Cable Tech president and chief executive officer, and Stone attached affidavits to the motion.
{¶ 4} Stroud’s affidavit indicated the following: (1) Cable Tech is incorporated in Iowa with its principal place of business in Iowa; (2) Cable Tech provides service, installation, and maintenance to phone systems, including installing, moving or changing cable lines; (3) Cable Tech has never been licensed to do business in Ohio; (4) Cable Tech has never maintained an office in Ohio; (5) Cable Tech does not “regularly conduct business in Ohio”; (6) Cable Tech “has hired independent contractors * * * to provide services in the Cleveland area on behalf of Sprint * * * but these independent contractor jobs equate to less than 25 total hours worked in Ohio,” and Sprint, “a non-Ohio based company,” paid for the jobs “through its office” in Kansas; (7) “[a]round Spring 2003, Cable Tech was considering placing Field Service Technicians in Ohio, based on a new service contract it had acquired with Sprint to provide phone system services on behalf of Sprint,” and it “appeared this would include significant work in the Columbus, Ohio area”; (8) the business opportunity with Sprint “was not realized, and so Cable Tech could not employ any Field Service Technicians for that area as planned”; (9) “[a]t no time were Cable Tech representatives present in Ohio related to the present dispute”; and (10) Stroud “would be significantly burdened if forced to defend this lawsuit in Ohio” because it “would be extremely difficult for both [him], as well as [his] employees, to travel to Ohio on whqt might result in several lengthy trips over the course of this litigation” and because “Cable Tech’s business operations would be significantly disrupted by [his] absence, as well as the absence of other employees.”
{¶ 5} Stone’s affidavit indicated the following: (1) Cable Tech is incorporated in Iowa and has its principal place of business in Iowa; (2) Cable Tech has never been licensed to do business in Ohio; (3) Cable Tech does not regularly conduct business in Ohio; (4) Stone has “not been involved in the discreet subcontracting work [Cable Tech has] done in Ohio”; (5) Stone is an Iowa resident; (6) Stone has not been in Ohio in the last ten years and has never been in Ohio on behalf of Cable Tech, “including related to this matter”; (7) “[a]round the spring of 2003, [Stone] received information about [appellant], then a resident of California,” through an employment placement agency; (8) Stone originally contacted appellant for work in California but learned that appellant was moving to Ohio and' was interested in a position in Ohio; (9) “[m]ost communication^] that occurred between [appellant] and [Stone] were exchanged via electronic mail or telephone while [appellant] resid[ed] in California, including his interview”; (10) “[a]t that time, Cable Tech was considering placing Field Service Technicians in Ohio, based on a new service contract it had acquired with Sprint”; (11) the Sprint contract “would include significant work in the Columbus, Ohio area”; (12) “[b]eeause of the unpredictability of this new business opportunity, [appellant], while still residing in California, was only offered a position to serve as an independent contractor for Cable Tech” and, after 60 days, appellant “would only become an employee of Cable Tech * * * if both Cable Tech and [appellant] mutually agreed that was desirable”; (13) “[o]ver the course of the next month or so, [appellant] and [Stone] exchanged a few electronic mail and telephone communications regarding the delay or possibly complete lack of work stemming from the Sprint business, totaling somewhere around three communications”; and (14) “[a]t the end of this time period, [Stone] communicated to [appellant] that Cable Tech could not employ any Field Service Technicians for that area as planned.” Stone also stated in the affidavit that (1) “[d]uring all of [Stone’s] communications with [appellant], [Stone] was physically present in Iowa”; and (2) defending this litigation in Ohio would burden Stone’s professional obligations to Cable Tech. Lastly, Stone stated that (1) appellant moved to Ohio “even before responding to our offer of an independent contract relationship”; and (2) “[obviously, [appellant’s] move to Ohio was not dependent on retaining employment with Cable Tech.”
{¶ 6} Appellant filed a memorandum opposing appellees’ motion to dismiss and attached copies of electronic mail communications between appellant and Stone. As an example, Stone sent a February 28, 2003 e-mail to appellant while appellant was in California and discussed the potential employment opportunity. Other electronic mail communications involved appellant, in Ohio, asking Stone when Cable Tech would start assigning work. The communications also denote Stone’s responses to appellant’s inquiries. In particular, in response to appellant’s inquiries, on April 1, 2003, Stone told appellant that Cable Tech added appellant to the dispatch list, and on April 2, 2003, Stone told appellant that his “official start date” is April 7, 2003, “although it may move forward if we have a dispatch between now and then.” After appellant asked Stone why Cable Tech had not assigned him work as of April 10, 2003, Stone responded that appellant could either “exercise some patience” or “resign now and we’ll find another tech from the resumes in the area.” Lastly, in response to appellant’s April 14, 2003 question about when he would get work-related supplies, Stone assured appellant that he would be receiving a “welcome kit.”
{¶ 7} On December 9, 2004, the trial court granted appellees’ motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction and improper venue pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(2) and 12(B)(3) respectively. Thus, the trial court dismissed appellant’s complaint.
{¶ 8} Appellant appeals, raising one assignment of error:
The trial court erred in finding that the Franklin County Court Of Common Pleas lacked jurisdiction over appellees.
{¶ 9} Appellant’s single assignment of error concerns the trial court’s decision to dismiss appellant’s complaint. Appellant does not challenge the trial court’s decision to grant appellees’ Civ.R. 12(B)(3) motion to dismiss for improper venue, and, therefore, we will not address the trial court’s dismissal for improper venue. See App.R. 12(A) and 16(A). Rather, appellant contends that the trial court erred by dismissing his complaint upon granting appellees’ Civ.R. 12(B)(2) motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. However, we disagree with appellant’s contentions.
{¶ 10} Once a defendant moves to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction, a plaintiff must establish that the trial court had personal jurisdiction over the defendant. Robinson v. Koch Refining Co. (June 17, 1999), Franklin App. No. 98AP-900, 1999 WL 394512; Giachetti v. Holmes (1984), 14 Ohio App.3d 306, 307, 14 OBR 371, 471 N.E.2d 165. If the trial court determines personal jurisdiction without holding an evidentiary hearing, the trial court must “view allegations in the pleadings and the documentary evidence in a light most favorable” to the plaintiff and resolve “all reasonable competing inferences” in favor of the plaintiff. Goldstein v. Christiansen (1994), 70 Ohio St.3d 232, 236, 638 N.E.2d 541; Giachetti at 307, 14 OBR 371, 471 N.E.2d 165; Robinson. Without an evidentiary hearing, a plaintiff need establish only a prima facie showing of personal jurisdiction. Giachetti at 307, 14 OBR 371, 471 N.E.2d 165; Robinson. A prima facie showing exists if a plaintiff produces sufficient evidence to allow reasonable minds to conclude that the trial court has personal jurisdiction. Giachetti at 307, 14 OBR 371, 471 N.E.2d 165; Robinson. If the plaintiff makes a prima facie showing of personal jurisdiction, the trial court shall not dismiss the complaint without holding an evidentiary hearing. Giachetti at 307, 14 OBR 371, 471 N.E.2d 165; Robinson. Lastly, personal jurisdiction is a question of law that we review de novo. Kvinta v. Kvinta, Franklin App. No. 02AP-836, 2003-Ohio-2884, 2003 WL 21291049, at ¶ 74; Robinson.
{¶ 11} When determining whether an Ohio court has personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant, the court must (1) determine whether Ohio’s long-arm statute and the applicable civil rule confer personal jurisdiction and, if so, (2) whether granting jurisdiction under the statute and rule comports with the defendant’s due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Goldstein, 70 Ohio St.3d at 235, 638 N.E.2d 541, citing U.S. Sprint Communications Co., Ltd. Partnership v. Mr. K’s Foods, Inc. (1994), 68 Ohio St.3d 181, 183-184, 624 N.E.2d 1048. Courts must engage in the two-step analysis because the long-arm statute does not give Ohio courts jurisdiction to the limits of the due process clause. Id. at 238, 638 N.E.2d 541, fn. 1.
{¶ 12} Ohio’s long-arm statute, R.C. 2307.382, outlines specific activities by which a nonresident defendant comes within an Ohio court’s personal jurisdiction. U.S. Sprint, 68 Ohio St.3d at 184, 624 N.E.2d 1048. Civ.R. 4.3(A) authorizes out-of-state service of process on a defendant to effectuate personal jurisdiction. Kentucky Oaks Mall Co. v. Mitchell’s Formal Wear, Inc. (1990), 53 Ohio St.3d 73, 75, 559 N.E.2d 477. As such, R.C. 2307.382 and Civ.R. 4.3(A) are coextensive and “complement each other.” U.S. Sprint at 184, 624 N.E.2d 1048, fn. 2, quoting Kentucky Oaks Mall at 75, 559 N.E.2d 477.
{¶ 13} Appellant first argues that the trial court had jurisdiction over appellees because they “transacted business” in Ohio. See R.C. 2307.382(A)(1) and Civ.R. 4.3(A)(1). R.C. 2307.382(A) provides:
(A) A court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a person who acts directly or by an agent, as to a cause of action arising from the person’s:
(1) Transacting any business in this state[.]
{¶ 14} Similarly, Civ.R. 4.3(A)(1) provides that a plaintiff may make service of process on a nonresident
who, acting directly or by an agent, has caused an event to occur out of which the claim that is the subject of the complaint arose, from the person’s:
(1) Transacting any business in this state[.]
{¶ 15} As used in the above jurisdictional provisions, “transact” means “to prosecute negotiations; to carry on business; to have dealings.” Kentucky Oaks Mall, 53 Ohio St.3d at 75, 559 N.E.2d 477, quoting Black’s Law Dictionary (5 Ed.1979) 1341. Thus, the term “transact”
embraces in its meaning the carrying on or prosecution of business negotiations but it is a broader term than the word ‘contract’ and may involve business negotiations which have been either wholly or partly brought to a conclusion.”
(Emphasis deleted.) Id. Accordingly, as used in R.C. 2307.382(A)(1) and Civ.R. 4.3(A)(1), “[transacting any business in this state” connotes a broad statement of jurisdiction. Kentucky Oaks Mall, 53 Ohio St.3d at 75, 559 N.E.2d 477. Therefore, cases involving whether a nonresident defendant “transacted business” in Ohio “ ‘have reached their results on highly particularized fact situations, thus rendering any generalization unwarranted.’ ” U.S. Sprint, 68 Ohio St.3d at 185, 624 N.E.2d 1048, quoting 22 Ohio Jurisprudence 3d (1980) 430, Courts and Judges, Section 280. “With no better guideline than the bare wording of the statute to establish whether a nonresident is transacting business in Ohio, the court must, therefore, rely on a case-by-case determination.” U.S. Sprint at 185, 624 N.E.2d 1048.
{¶ 16} Here, appellant relies on U.S. Sprint to assert that the trial court had jurisdiction over appellees for their “transacting business in Ohio.” In U.S. Sprint, the plaintiff, U.S. Sprint Communications (“U.S. Sprint”), sued Mr. K’s Foods, Inc. (“Mr. K’s”), in an Ohio trial court, although neither party was headquartered in Ohio. Mr. K’s, located in Buffalo, New York, manufactured pizza products and cookies for wholesale distribution and home delivery and generated its sales through telemarketing. Mr. K’s made telemarketing calls to prospective New York customers through its New York office and in other states through independent distributors. In Ohio, Mr. K’s worked with two distributors: (1) Mr. K’s Distribution and Sales of Cleveland, Inc., and (2) Mr. K’s Distribution and Sales of Columbus, Inc.
{¶ 17} U.S. Sprint sued Mr. K’s to recover for unpaid long-distance telephone service on 17 accounts. Six accounts were located in Ohio, one in Pennsylvania, and the remaining ten in New York.
{¶ 18} The Ohio Supreme Court concluded that Mr. K’s was “transacting business” in Ohio under the long-arm statute. Id., 68 Ohio St.3d at 185, 624 N.E.2d 1048. The court noted that Mr. K’s frequently used the U.S. Sprint long-distance telephone Service to make long-distance calls to Ohio to sell its products on behalf of its home delivery division. The court also recognized that Mr. K’s Ohio independent distributors used the U.S. Sprint long-distance phone service to place orders with Mr. K’s for pizza and cookies to be sold in Ohio. Thus, having concluded that Mr. K’s was “transacting business” in Ohio, the court held that Ohio’s long-arm statute conferred jurisdiction over Mr. K’s in regard to U.S. Sprint’s claims pertaining to the Ohio long-distance accounts. Because the trial court had personal jurisdiction over Mr. K’s under the long-arm statute, the court also held that the trial court had jurisdiction over Mr. K’s in regard to the non-Ohio long-distance accounts because the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure and constitutional due process guarantees allowed joinder of the non-Ohio claims. Id., citing Civ.R. 18(A).
{¶ 19} However, appellant’s reliance on U.S. Sprint is misplaced. In U.S. Sprint, the Ohio Supreme Court concluded that personal jurisdiction under the long-arm statute existed over Mr. K’s because Mr. K’s transacted business in Ohio by using U.S. Sprint long-distance accounts to conduct business in Ohio and to take orders from its Ohio independent distributors for goods to be sold in Ohio. Here, the transactions that appellant claimed induced him to move to Ohio did not take place in Ohio. Rather, appellant was residing in California when an employment placement agency provided information about appellant to Iowa resident Stone and Iowa corporation Cable Tech. Likewise, appellant was living in California when Stone, in Iowa, interviewed appellant. Similarly, appellant was residing in California when the Iowa corporation offered the independent-contractor position.
{¶ 20} Although appellant communicated with Stone after appellant moved to Ohio, the record evinces that the communications primarily consisted of e-mails that appellant initiated. As noted below, such “unilateral activity” from appellant is insufficient for a court to confer jurisdiction over appellees. See Gallert v. Courtaulds Packaging Co. Inc. (S.D.Ind.1998), 4 F.Supp.2d 825, 830. Moreover, as Stone indicated in his affidavit, “[m]ost communication[s] that occurred between [appellant] and [Stone] were exchanged via electronic mail or telephone while [appellant] resid[ed] in California * * *."
{¶ 21} Appellant also points to business negotiations that Cable Tech had with Sprint to further allege jurisdiction under the “transacting business” prongs of the long-arm statute and rule. However, these negotiations are immaterial to our inquiry because the negotiations were with Sprint, a party not involved in this suit. See R.C. 2307.382(A) (establishing that a court exercises personal jurisdiction under the long-arm statute for causes of actions “arising from” acts enumerated in the statute); Civ.R. 4.3(A) (establishing that a plaintiff may make service of process on a nonresident who “has caused an event to occur out of which the claim that is the subject of the complaint arose” from acts enumerated in the rules of civil procedure); R.C. 2307.382(C) (“When jurisdiction over a person is based solely upon this section, only a cause of action arising from acts enumerated in this section may be asserted against him”).
{¶ 22} Accordingly, we conclude that R.C. 2307.382(A)(1) and Civ.R. 4.3(A)(1) did not confer jurisdiction over appellees. Next, appellant argues that the trial court had jurisdiction over appellees because they contracted to supply services or goods in Ohio. See R.C. 2307.382(A)(2) and Civ.R. 4.3(A)(2). R.C. 2307.382(A)(2) states:
(A) A court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a person who acts directly or by an agent, as to a cause of action arising from the person’s:
* % *
(2) Contracting to supply services or goods in this state[J
{¶ 23} Similarly, Civ.R. 4.3(A)(2) provides that a plaintiff may make service of process on a nonresident:
who, acting directly or by an agent, has caused an event to occur out of which the claim that is the subject of the complaint arose, from the person’s:
* * *
(2) Contracting to supply services or goods in this state[.]
{¶ 24} To support his claim that the trial court had jurisdiction over appellees under the “[contracting to supply services or goods” prongs in the long-arm statute and rule, appellant again points to negotiations between Cable Tech and Sprint for Cable Tech to provide phone-system services on behalf of Sprint in Ohio. However, as noted above, the negotiations are immaterial because Cable Tech engaged in the negotiations with Sprint, a nonparty, and appellees did not contract “to supply services or goods” to appellant in Ohio. See R.C. 2307.382(A) and (C); Civ.R. 4.3(A). Thus, we conclude that R.C. 2307.382(A)(2) and Civ.R. 4.3(A)(2) did not confer jurisdiction over appellees.
{¶ 25} Nonetheless, even if appellees’ contacts were sufficient to confer jurisdiction under the long-arm statute and rule, we must still determine whether those contacts were sufficient under the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause to have allowed the trial court to exercise jurisdiction under the statute and rule. Goldstein, 70 Ohio St.3d at 235, 638 N.E.2d 541; U.S. Sprint, 68 Ohio St.3d at 183-184, 624 N.E.2d 1048.
{¶ 26} “[T]he extent to which the reach of the long-arm statute is limited by due process is a question of federal law.” Scullin Steel Co. v. Natl. Ry. Utilization Corp. (C.A.8, 1982), 676 F.2d 309, 311. The United States Supreme Court has held that in order for a state court to exercise personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant, the defendant must have “minimum contacts” with the state. World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson (1980), 444 U.S. 286, 291, 100 S.Ct. 559, 62 L.Ed.2d 490, quoting Internatl. Shoe Co. v. Washington (1945), 326 U.S. 310, 316, 66 S.Ct. 154, 90 L.Ed. 95. The due process clause protects a nonresident defendant’s liberty interest in not being subject to a court’s judgment if the defendant has established no meaningful “ ‘contacts, ties, or relations.’ ” Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz (1985), 471 U.S. 462, 471-472, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528, quoting Internatl. Shoe at 319, 66 S.Ct. 154, 90 L.Ed. 95.
{¶ 27} Under the due process clause, a court obtains either specific or general jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant. Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia v. Hall (1984), 466 U.S. 408, 414, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404, fns. 8 and 9. Specific jurisdiction exists when a plaintiffs controversy is related to or arises out of the defendant’s contact with the forum state. General jurisdiction exists when a court exercises personal jurisdiction over a defendant in a suit not arising out of or not related to the defendant’s contacts with the forum state.
{¶ 28} We first consider specific jurisdiction, which depends on the “ ‘relationship among the defendant, the forum, and the litigation.’ ” Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404, quoting Shaffer v. Heitner (1977), 433 U.S. 186, 204, 97 S.Ct. 2569, 53 L.Ed.2d 683. In particular, a court examines whether the defendant “purposefully established minimum contacts within the forum State” and whether the “litigation results from alleged injuries that ‘arise out of or relate to’ those activities” creating “minimum contacts.” Burger King, 471 U.S. at 472-473, 476, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528. For purposes of specific jurisdiction, “minimum contacts” exist when the nonresident defendant’s purposeful and related contacts “create a ‘substantial connection’ with the forum State.” Id. at 475, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528. Personal jurisdiction is proper under such circumstances because the defendant “should reasonably anticipate being haled into court” in the forum state. Id. at 474, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528, quoting Worldr-Wide Volkswagen, 444 U.S. at 297, 100 S.Ct. 559, 62 L.Ed.2d 490.
{¶ 29} If the court concludes that a defendant has established the requisite “minimum contacts” with the forum state under specific jurisdiction, the court next examines whether asserting personal jurisdiction over the defendant comports with “ ‘fair play and substantial justice.’ ” Burger King, 471 U.S. at 476, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528, quoting Internatl. Shoe, 326 U.S. at 320, 66 S.Ct. 154, 90 L.Ed. 95. In particular, the court evaluates: “ ‘the burden on the defendant,’ ‘the forum State’s interest in adjudicating the dispute,’ ‘the plaintiffs interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief,’ ‘the interstate judicial system’s interest in obtaining the most efficient resolution of controversies,’ and the ‘shared interest of the several States in furthering fundamental substantive social policies.’ ” Burger King at 477, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528, quoting Worldr-Wide Volkswagen, 444 U.S. at 292, 100 S.Ct. 559, 62 L.Ed.2d 490.
{¶ 30} In Gallert, 4 F.Supp.2d at 830, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana held that the due process clause precluded it from exercising specific jurisdiction over nonresident defendants. In Gallert, the plaintiff sued Thatcher Plastic and its parent company, Courtaulds Packaging Company, for wrongful employment termination. Courtaulds was a West Virginia company, and Thatcher Plastic was headquartered in Illinois. The plaintiff resided in Indiana and maintained a sales office in his Indiana home. Additionally, the plaintiff “ ‘had a facsimile machine and telephone in his residence that he used to communicate with’ ” Thatcher Plastic. Id. at 828. Moreover, the plaintiff had worked with Thatcher Plastic for more than 13 years as a sales representative, and the plaintiff had been responsible for selling in Indiana for more than five years.
{¶ 31} In concluding that it did not have specific jurisdiction over the defendants, the trial court noted that the plaintiff “was the Thatcher Plastic division’s only employee in Indiana, and that Thatcher Plastic’s sales in Indiana were not very significant.” Id., 4 F.Supp.2d at 830. Moreover, the trial court noted that management made decisions in Illinois to hire and subsequently terminate the plaintiffs employment. Lastly, the trial court found insignificant to the specific-jurisdiction inquiry the communications between the parties. The trial court described the communications as “unilateral activity” that “cannot satisfy the requirement of contact with the forum State.” Id., quoting Nu-Way Systems v. Belmont Marketing (C.A.7, 1980), 635 F.2d 617, 620.
{¶ 32} Here, like Gallert, the record establishes that appellees’ decision to create and terminate the independent-contractor arrangement with appellant did not take place in Ohio, given that Stone was never physically in Ohio for business related to appellant’s case, no Cable Tech representatives were in Ohio in matters related to appellant’s case, and Cable Tech has never maintained an office in Ohio. As noted in Gallert, the place where appellees decided to hire and terminate appellant’s employment is a relevant consideration in support of specific jurisdiction. Gallert, 4 F.Supp.2d at 830; see, also, Charlesworth v. Marco Mfg. Co. (N.D.Ind.1995), 878 F.Supp. 1196, 1201 (concluding that the trial court did not have specific jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant in a plaintiffs wrongful-employment-termination suit filed in an Indiana federal court by noting that the defendant made decisions in California to hire and terminate the plaintiffs employment).
{¶ 33} Additionally, we find insignificant to the specific jurisdiction inquiry that Stone, on behalf of Cable Tech, responded to appellant’s “unilateral” electronic mail communications that appellant initiated while he was in Ohio. See Gallert, 4 F.Supp.2d at 830; see, also, LAK, Inc. v. Deer Creek Enterprises (C.A.6, 1989), 885 F.2d 1293, 1297, 1301 (examining specific jurisdiction on a breach-of-contract case and concluding that minimum contacts did not stem from the plaintiffs attorney originating telephone calls in the forum state to the nonresident defendant’s attorney during pertinent contract negotiations). Similarly, we find it insignificant that Stone, on behalf of Cable Tech, exchanged “a few” telephone communications about the independent-contractor arrangement with appellant while appellant was in Ohio. We recognize that “[a] numerical count of the calls * * * has no talismanic significance,” but note that “[t]he use of interstate facilities such as the telephone and the mail is a ‘secondary or ancillary’ factor and ‘cannot alone provide the “minimum contacts” required by due process * * *.’ ” LAK, Inc., 885 F.2d at 1301, quoting Scullin Steel Co., 676 F.2d at 314, and citing Stuart v. Spademan (C.A.5, 1985), 772 F.2d 1185, 1194. Given that the telephone communications merely constitute an “ancillary factor,” and considering the other evidence in this case, we do not find the above telephone communications sufficient to establish the requisite “minimum contacts.” LAK, Inc. at 1301. We also apply this “ancillary factor” rationale to further find insignificant to the specific jurisdiction inquiry appellant and Stone’s electronic communications. Id.
{¶ 34} Lastly, other circumstances of appellant’s case establish that appellees did not maintain sufficient “minimum contacts” with Ohio in regard to the independent-contractor arrangement they made with appellant. Specifically, an employment agency provided Cable Tech, an Iowa corporation with its principal place of business in Iowa, and Stone, an Iowa resident, information about appellant while appellant was a California resident. In addition, “[m]ost communication[s] that occurred between [appellant] and [Stone] were exchanged via electronic mail or telephone while [appellant] resid[ed] in California * * *.’ ” Similarly, Stone was in Iowa during all of his communications with appellant. Likewise, Stone interviewed appellant while appellant was residing in California, and appellant was still residing in California when Cable Tech offered the independent-contractor position. Furthermore, in Gallert, the defendants maintained only one Thatcher Plastic employee in the forum state, and, here, Cable Tech’s business opportunity with Sprint “was not realized,” and, considering appellant’s complaint, Stone indicated to appellant that it could employ only one technician in Ohio.
{¶ 35} Thus, through the above evidence, and in light of Gallert, we conclude that appellees’ contacts with Ohio in relation to the independent-contractor arrangement do not rise to the level of a “ ‘substantial connection’ ” with Ohio to allow Stone and Cable Tech to “reasonably anticipate being haled into court” in Ohio. Burger King, 471 U.S. at 474, 475, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528. Accordingly, appellees did not “purposefully [establish] minimum contacts” in support of specific jurisdiction. See Burger King at 477, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528. Without the requisite “minimum contacts,” our specific jurisdiction inquiry ends, and we need not examine whether asserting personal jurisdiction over appellees comports with “ ‘fair play and substantial justice.’ ” Cf. Burger King at 477, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528 (“Once it has been decided that a defendant purposefully established minimum contacts within the forum State, these contacts may be considered in light of other factors to determine whether the assertion of personal jurisdiction would comport with ‘fair play and substantial justice’ ”). Because appellees did not establish the requisite “minimum contacts” in regard to the independent-contractor arrangement that they made with appellant, we conclude that the due process clause precluded the trial court from exercising personal jurisdiction over appellees through specific jurisdiction. Burger King at 477, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528; Gallert, 4 F.Supp.2d at 829-830.
{¶ 36} In arguing that the trial court had jurisdiction over appellees, appellant also points to contacts that appellees had with Ohio that do not relate to the independent-contractor arrangement. Specifically, appellant notes that Cable Tech has previously hired independent contractors to provide services in the Cleveland area on behalf of Sprint. Appellant also refers to Stone’s statement that he has “not been in the state of Ohio in the last ten years.” However, such nonrelated contacts are irrelevant to our inquiry because appellant bases his cause of action on the independent-contractor arrangement that appellant was to carry out in Ohio, the forum state, and, as a result, a specific-jurisdiction analysis applies rather than a general-jurisdiction analysis that would consider such nonrelated contacts. See Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404, fn. 8-9. Nonetheless, for the following reasons, we conclude that appellees’ nonrelated contacts with Ohio did not evoke personal jurisdiction over them through general jurisdiction.
{¶ 37} A court may exercise general jurisdiction over a defendant who has “continuous and systematic” contacts with the forum state. Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. General jurisdiction requires “a greater amount of contacts” than specific jurisdiction. Charlesworth, 878 F.Supp. at 1200. Under general jurisdiction, the contacts must be “ ‘so substantial and of such a nature as to justify suit against [the defendant] on causes of action arising from dealings entirely distinct from those activities.’ ” Gallert, 4 F.Supp.2d at 831, quoting Internatl. Shoe, 326 U.S. at 318, 66 S.Ct. 154, 90 L.Ed. 95.
{¶ 38} In Helicopteros, the plaintiffs instituted a wrongful-death action in a Texas state court against parties that included a Columbian corporation, Helicópteros Nacionales de Colombia (“Helicol”). The plaintiffs instituted the action after individuals died in a crash in Peru involving a helicopter that Helicol owned. The United States Supreme Court held that the Texas court did not have general jurisdiction over Helicol because Helicol did not have “continuous and systematic” contacts with Texas. Id., 466 U.S. at 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. The court stated that “continuous and systematic” contacts did not stem from Helicol sending a representative to Texas to negotiate a joint venture, or from Helicol receiving from the agreed upon joint venture over $5 million in payments drawn on a Texas bank account. Id. at 410-411, 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. In so concluding, the court noted that the representative made only one trip to Texas to negotiate the joint venture, and the court held that the check payment constituted a “unilateral activity” with no indication that Helicol ever requested that the checks be drawn on a Texas bank account. Id. at 416-417, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404, citing Kulko v. California Superior Court (1978), 436 U.S. 84, 93, 98 S.Ct. 1690, 56 L.Ed.2d 132. The court also rejected general jurisdiction despite Helicol’s purchasing 80 percent of its helicopter fleet from a Texas company, or Helicol’s purchasing $4 million in parts and accessories from a Texas company. The court reasoned that “purchases and related trips, standing alone, are not a sufficient basis for a State’s assertion of jurisdiction.” Helicopteros at 417, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. Lastly, the court concluded that general jurisdiction did not stem from Helicol sending pilots, managers, and maintenance personnel to Texas for training. The court described the training as a “brief presence of Helicol employees in Texas” that did not amount to a “continuous and systematic” contact. Id. at 416, 418, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. In declining general jurisdiction, the court also emphasized that “Helicol does not have a place of business in Texas and never has been licensed to do business in the State” and that Helicol “never has maintained an office or establishment” in Texas. Id. at 411, 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404.
{¶ 39} Here, Cable Tech has far fewer contacts with Ohio than did Helicol with Texas in Helicópteros. When, as appellant mentions, Cable Tech hired independent contractors for work in the Cleveland area, the work equated “to less than 25 total hours.” Under Helicópteros, such brief presence in Ohio does not rise to the level of a “continuous and systematic” contact. Id., 466 U.S. at 416, 418, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. Additionally, Sprint, a non-Ohio-based company, paid for the independent-contractor work through its office in Kansas, demonstrating further disconnect from Ohio. We also recognize that, as in Helicopteros, Cable Tech has never been licensed to do business in Ohio and has never maintained an office in Ohio. Accordingly, pursuant to Helicopteros, Cable Tech lacks the ongoing contacts with Ohio that would rise to the level of “continuous and systematic.” Id. at 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404.
{¶ 40} We also conclude that Stone lacks “continuous and systematic” contacts with Ohio. See Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. Again, appellant refers to Stone’s indication that he has “not been in the state of Ohio in the last ten years.” As in Helicópteros, Stone’s long-ago visit to Ohio merely amounts to a “brief presence,” and does not equate to “continuous and systematic.” Id. at 416, 418, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. Furthermore, Stone is an Iowa resident and has never been in Ohio on Cable Tech’s behalf. Additionally, Stone was not involved in the limited services that Cable Tech provided for Sprint in the Cleveland area, and we cannot apply such activities of Cable Tech to exert jurisdiction over Stone. See Balance Dynamics Corp. v. Schmitt Industries, Inc. (C.A.6, 2000), 204 F.3d 683, 698, quoting Weller v. Cromwell Oil Co. (C.A.6, 1974), 504 F.2d 927, 929 (“jurisdiction over the individual officers of a corporation cannot be predicated merely upon jurisdiction over the corporation”).
{¶ 41} Lastly, appellees’ contacts from this present action did not culminate in “continuous and systematic” contacts with Ohio, given Cable Tech’s claim that the business opportunity with Sprint “was not realized.” Cf. Gallert, 4 F.Supp.2d at 831-832, citing Keeton v. Hustler Magazine, Inc. (1984), 465 U.S. 770, 774, 104 S.Ct. 1473, 79 L.Ed.2d 790 (noting that “[c]ontacts related to the dispute, though alone insufficient for specific jurisdiction, may be considered along with other contacts in determining general jurisdiction” and holding that, although the trial court did not have specific jurisdiction over a defendant and its parent corporation, the court had general jurisdiction through the parent corporation’s nonrelated contacts with the forum).
{¶ 42} Because neither Cable Tech nor Stone has maintained the high threshold for “continuous and systematic” contacts with Ohio, we.conclude that the due process clause precluded the trial court from exercising personal jurisdiction over Cable Tech or Stone through general jurisdiction. See Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404; Charlesworth, 878 F.Supp. at 1200.
{¶ 43} Thus, the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause precluded the trial court from exercising such personal jurisdiction because appellees lack the requisite “minimum contacts” under either specific or general jurisdiction. See Worldr-Wide Volkswagen, 444 U.S. at 291, 100 S.Ct. 559, 62 L.Ed.2d 490; Burger King, 471 U.S. at 476, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528; Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 416, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404. Therefore, we conclude that the trial court did not err in finding that it lacked personal jurisdiction over appellees and in granting appellees’ motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. Therefore, we overrule appellant’s single assignment of error and affirm the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
Judgment affirmed.
Brown, P.J., and McGrath, J., concur.
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Nils Hult
Nils Gunnar Hult (born 14 August 1939) is a Swedish former footballer who played the majority of his career at Malmö FF as a goalkeeper. He also represented Team Sweden.
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Láadan/Lessons/10
Perceiving with the senses
Láadan is more explicit than English in stating how something is perceived. Externally, you can perceive with your eyes, ears, skin, and so on. Internally, you perceive your emotions.
The word "láad" means "to perceive", and this would be used whether perceiving something with your eyes, ears, or other senses. To be more specific and to say something like "see", "hear", "feel (through touch)", etc. you would use the Instrument marker to specify that you are "perceiving with your eyes", "perceiving with your hands", etc.
Perceiving internally
The word "loláad" means "to perceive internally". For these, we don't need to use the Instrument marker, because emotions are internal.
Examples
For these examples, the object marker "-th" is used on the emotions. This is grammatically correct, but unnecessary, as it is clear without the object marker - Joy cannot perceive living things.
I know because I perceive
"wa" is a common Evidence Morpheme used in sentences, and can be used for both internal and external perceptions.
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Jerry Costello II
Jerry Costello (born February 13, 1969) is the Director of the Illinois Department of Agriculture. Prior, he served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 2011 to 2019. until his resignation in May 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Early and personal life
He is the son of former U.S. Representative Jerry Costello, whose district overlapped his son's.
Legislative career
Democratic incumbent Dan Reitz resigned from the Illinois House of Representatives effective June 25, 2011. The Democratic Representative Committee of the 116th Representative District appointed Costello to fill the resulting vacancy for the remainder of 97th General Assembly. On July 25, 2011, Costello was sworn into office. The 116th district includes all or parts of Cahokia, Chester, Columbia, Dupo, East Carondelet, East St. Louis, Red Bud, Smithton, Sparta and Waterloo. After the 2011 decennial reapportionment, the 116th district retained its territory and was extended eastward to add Du Quoin to the district. Costello resigned from the Illinois House of Representatives effective May 7, 2019, to become the Director of Law Enforcement at the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. The Democratic Representative Committee of the 116th Representative District appointed Nathan Reitz, a village trustee for Steeleville, to fill the vacancy. Reitz took office on May 9, 2019.
Executive branch
In 2018, Jerry Costello Jr. was named by J. B. Pritzker a member of the Prtizker's Agriculture Transition Committee. On February 28, 2020, Governor Pritzker announced his appointment of Costello to serve as the Director of the Illinois Department of Agriculture. On April 20, 2021, Costello was confirmed by the Illinois Senate.
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stephanie Hyam
The result was keep. JGHowes talk 02:07, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
Stephanie Hyam
* – ( View AfD View log )
Possible non-notable actress. Tyw7 (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 23:20, 11 January 2021 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. Tyw7 (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 23:20, 11 January 2021 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Women-related deletion discussions. Tyw7 (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 23:20, 11 January 2021 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of United Kingdom-related deletion discussions. Tyw7 (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 23:20, 11 January 2021 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Television-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 23:26, 11 January 2021 (UTC)
* Keep - Radio Times seems to cover your career in various sources, see here, here, and here. With other references that were made because of her appearances in Doctor Who, I would say that she passes WP:GNG. Some Dude From North Carolina (talk) 18:45, 12 January 2021 (UTC)
* , there's only 1 paragraph and https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/scifi/2017-04-21/doctor-who-star-stephanie-hyam-drew-this-awesome-doctor-who-poster/ is a fluff piece of how she's a great artist. --Tyw7 (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 21:03, 12 January 2021 (UTC)
* As Wikipedians always bring it up during discussions, "the question is not whether or not the article is in good status, right now, but if it can be in good status, later on". Not in those exact words, but still, coverage exists, making her notable as an actress. Some Dude From North Carolina (talk) 21:40, 12 January 2021 (UTC)
* Keep. Certainly a prominent enough actress for an article with significant roles in a couple of major series. -- Necrothesp (talk) 10:25, 13 January 2021 (UTC)
* , which? Hether in Doctor Who only appears twice. --Tyw7</i> (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 12:10, 13 January 2021 (UTC)
* Jekyll & Hyde (in which she was the female lead) and A Confession. Also relatively significant in Peaky Blinders. -- Necrothesp (talk) 12:17, 13 January 2021 (UTC)
* , then the question is the lack of references. --<i style="font-family:'Rock salt','Comic Sans MS'; color: Green;">Tyw7</i> (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 12:22, 13 January 2021 (UTC)
* Which is not a reason for deletion. -- Necrothesp (talk) 12:30, 13 January 2021 (UTC)
* , WP:GNG states that articles must have notable references. I couldn't find any for this actress. --<i style="font-family:'Rock salt','Comic Sans MS'; color: Green;">Tyw7</i> (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 14:17, 13 January 2021 (UTC)
* No, it states that such references must exist. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:18, 13 January 2021 (UTC)
* , is this a case of references exist somewhere. I can't prove it exists but it exists? --<i style="font-family:'Rock salt','Comic Sans MS'; color: Green;">Tyw7</i> (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 14:26, 13 January 2021 (UTC)
* Keep: WP:NACTOR says that an actor is notable if they've had "significant roles in multiple notable films, television shows, stage performances, or other productions." If you agree that Hyam had significant roles in multiple productions, then the article should be kept. — Toughpigs (talk) 02:54, 14 January 2021 (UTC)
* , well she has two lead role, apparently. The Doctor Who role isn't notable. --<i style="font-family:'Rock salt','Comic Sans MS'; color: Green;">Tyw7</i> (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 03:11, 14 January 2021 (UTC)
* Two is multiple. — Toughpigs (talk) 03:12, 14 January 2021 (UTC)
* , well Peaky Blinders role looks to be minor since she only appear in 3 episodes. Can A Confession be consider a significant role? I don't think that TV series have wide coverage. --<i style="font-family:'Rock salt','Comic Sans MS'; color: Green;">Tyw7</i> (🗣️ Talk) — If (reply) then (ping me) 03:20, 14 January 2021 (UTC)
* Weak keep - main cast in Jekyll and Hyde and Bodyguard Spiderone 00:35, 16 January 2021 (UTC)
* The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. <b style="color:red">Please do not modify it.</b> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
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Michael L. MESSINA, Appellee, v. IOWA DEPARTMENT OF JOB SERVICE, Appellant.
No. 69367.
Supreme Court of Iowa.
Nov. 23, 1983.
Rehearing Denied Dec. 21, 1983.
Walter F. Maley, Blair H. Dewey, and Edmund Schlak, Jr., Des Moines, for appellant.
Martin Ozga, Des Moines, for appellee.
Considered by REYNOLDSON, C.J., and UHLENHOPP, HARRIS, McCORMICK, and McGIVERIN, JJ.
REYNOLDSON, Chief Justice.
The controlling issue in this appeal is whether an employee is entitled to unemployment benefits when he is discharged for writing a letter to the editor calling for a wildcat strike in direct violation of his union’s contract with the employer. The Iowa Department of Job Service (department) found the employee was guilty of misconduct and denied compensation. On review the district court reversed on the ground there was no compelling state interest that would restrict the employee’s first amendment right to free speech. We reverse and remand with directions.
The evidence disclosed the employee had worked for Lennox Industries for several years. He had served as union steward of the employees’ union and was vice chairman in 1979 and 1980. The employee admitted he was thoroughly familiar with Article 3, Section 2A, of the union’s contract with Lennox:
[A]ny activity by the Union or an employee to instigate, condone, or participate in a strike, slowdown, or a work stoppage, will be subject to discipline.
(Emphasis added.)
April 29, 1981, the Marshalltown Times-Republican printed a letter written by the employee that contained the following:
Workers have at their disposal a very effective weapon to get the boss’ attention — the strike. The contract now in force must be unilaterally declared to be null and void and all production and shipping brought to a halt until the boss is willing to negotiate, in truthful good faith, a new just and equitable contract.
Two misleaders of the union have told me they don’t want to lead a strike because they are “afraid of being sued.”
Uncontroverted testimony of the employer disclosed copies of this letter were posted in the plant and “it did disrupt our operation, and we did have some operating problems because of it.”
Lennox discharged the employee by a letter that quoted the above contract provision. It further pointed out:
Your statements are inflammatory and slanderous and are intended to promote and incite actions such as strikes, walkouts or slowdowns, which are in conflict with the intent of our Labor Agreement which provides for the peaceful settlement of any labor disputes between the Company, the Union, and its employees.
Following his dismissal, the employee filed a claim for unemployment benefits with the department. A claims representative granted the claim. Lennox appealed and a hearing was held before a hearing officer.
At the hearing the employee testified that in writing the letter he “was simply expressing [his] opinion in accordance with the first amendment of the Constitution of the United States.”
The hearing officer held the employee’s letter contained “fighting words” and was not within the protection of the first amendment. He found the employee was guilty of misconduct and denied unemployment benefits. The department appeal board summarily affirmed.
The employee filed a petition for judicial review and the district court reversed. The department then instituted this appeal.
The parties raise three issues for our resolution: (1) Was Lennox’s appeal from the claims deputy’s decision untimely filed so as to void all subsequent proceedings for lack of jurisdiction? (2) Was the employee guilty of misconduct in writing the letter for newspaper publication? (3) Was the state constitutionally compelled to grant the employee compensation benefits because he was exercising his free speech rights under the federal and state constitutions?
I. Was the Appeal Timely?
At the threshold we must examine an issue raised for the first time in this court by the employee. He contends Lennox’s appeal from the favorable decision of the claims representative was not filed in time, thus there was no jurisdiction to support any of the subsequent proceedings.
The representative’s ruling allowing benefits was filed May 22, 1981, and by rule must be presumed mailed to the parties on the same date. See Iowa Admin.Code 370-4.35(3).
Lennox’s notice of appeal was dated June 1, 1981. The parties agree it was mailed the same date. The notice was not received by the department, however, until June 4, 1981, thirteen days after the claims representative’s ruling presumably was mailed.
Iowa Code section 96.6(2) provides that: Unless the claimant or other interested party, after notification or within ten calendar days after such notification was mailed to the claimant’s last known address, files an appeal from such decision [of the claims representative], such decision shall be final ....
(Emphasis added.) Compliance with this appeal provision is jurisdictional. Beardslee v. Iowa Department of Job Services, 276 N.W.2d 373, 377 (Iowa 1979). If the employee’s contention is adopted, then the appeal notice was three days late, and in the absence of a constitutional challenge, the department and district court would be divested of authority in the subsequent proceedings. See City of Des Moines v. Civil Service Commission, 334 N.W.2d 133, 136 (Iowa 1983); Franklin v. Iowa Department of Job Service, 277 N.W.2d 877, 881 (Iowa 1979).
The employee argues the issue is controlled by the department’s rule, Iowa Administrative Code 370-6.2(1):
a. A party appealing from a decision of a representative of the department shall mail to the appeals section, Iowa Department of Job Service ... Des Moines, Iowa ... within ten calendar days after such decision was mailed ... a notice of appeal ....
b. The date of receipt of the notice of appeal in the appeal section will be used to determine the timeliness of the appeal.
The department has also provided the following rule, Iowa Administrative Code 370-4.35(1):.
Except as otherwise provided by statute or by department rule, any ... appeal, ... notice, ... submitted to the department shall be considered received by and filed with the department:
a. If transmitted via the United States postal service ... on the date it is mailed as shown by the postmark, or in the absence of a postmark the postage meter mark of the envelope in which it is received; or if not postmarked or postage meter marked or if the mark is illegible, on the date entered on the document as the date of completion.
b. If transmitted by any means other than the United States postal service or its successor, on the date it is received by the department.
(Emphasis added.) In oral argument in the submission of this appeal, the department relied on the last-quoted rule. We have observed that 370-4.35(1) is within the authority granted the department by the legislature. See Cosper v. Iowa Department of Job Service, 321 N.W.2d 6, 8 (Iowa 1982).
In the interpretation of statutes, all relevant legislative enactments must be harmonized, each with the other, so as to give meaning to all if possible. Drake v. Polk County Board of Supervisors, 340 N.W.2d 247, 249-50 (Iowa 1983), quoting Matter of Estate of Bliven, 236 N.W.2d 366, 369 (Iowa 1975). Generally, the rules of statutory construction and interpretation also govern the construction and interpretation of rules and regulations of administrative agencies. Motor Club of Iowa v. Department of Transportation, 251 N.W.2d 510, 518 (Iowa 1977). We must construe these rules together with Iowa Code section 96.6(2) to harmonize them, using common sense and sound reason. See 2 Am.Jur.2d Administrative Law § 307 at 135 (1962).
In Beardslee, 276 N.W.2d at 376, we found the purpose of Iowa Code section 96.6(2) is “to provide ten days for appeal after mailing of the notice of agency decision.” In the 1971 Iowa Code, section 96.-6(2) provided a five-day limit for those receiving delivered notice, and a seven-day limit for mailed notice, the extra two days being allowed for what was then the ordinary time required to deliver mail. See Smith v. Iowa Employment Security Commission, 212 N.W.2d 471, 473 (Iowa 1973).
In Smith, 212 N.W.2d at 473-74, we held that the seven-day mailing rule, under then current mail delivery, deprived a claimant “of the due process he [was] entitled to and which the legislature intended him to have,” at least when the claimant, following receipt of claim disallowance, had only three days to seek out a lawyer, obtain advice, and decide whether to appeal. Our opinion did not address the further problem of time required for return mail. The same analysis undergirded our decision in Eves v. Iowa Employment Security Commission, 211 N.W.2d 324 (Iowa 1973), in which we held the seven-day rule did not afford a claimant “reasonable opportunity for fair hearing” as required by Iowa Code section 96.6(3). We there wrote:
Such limited time of notice is of dubious validity when the recent and continuing breakdown in United States mail deliveries assumes proportions of a national disaster.
Id. at 326.
Following Smith and Eves, the legislature extended the section 96.6(2) appeal time to ten days. 1979 Iowa Acts ch. 33, § 13(2). We assume the department had similar concerns relating to mail service when, in rule 370-4.35(1), it eliminated the return mail time by providing that an appeal would be “considered received by and filed with the department” on the date mailed. An analogous concept is found in Iowa Rule of Appellate Procedure 30 (“Filing may be accomplished by mail addressed to the clerk of the supreme court, and shall be deemed filed on the day of mailing.”). See also Iowa R.Civ.P. 82(b) and 83(b).
We hold rule 370-6.2(1), relied on by the employee in arguing Lennox’s appeal was untimely, may be reconciled with 370-4.35(1). Rule 370-6.2(l)(a) seems to mandate that an appeal be sent by mail. Assuming without deciding the validity of that requirement, it is all the more reason, of course, for the rule 370-4.35(1) provision that the appeal will be considered received and filed when mailed. Otherwise, the party’s appeal right would be further limited in time and subjected to the hazards of an uncertain postal service. It is significant that 370-6.2(l)(a) provides that the appeal shall be mailed (not delivered) “within ten calendar days after such decision.” This provision is entirely consistent with the language of 370-4.35(1).
Although superficially inconsistent with rule 370-4.35(1), the puzzling language of 370-6.2(l)(b) may also be reconciled. The latter rule simply provides that the timeliness of the appeal shall turn on “the date of receipt of the notice of appeal in the appeal section.” What is considered the date of receipt? Rule 370-4.35(1) answers that question by providing the appeal “shall be considered received” when mailed. Any other construction of 370-6.-2(l)(a) would subject this regulatory scheme to the same claims of basic unfairness and due process challenges raised in Eves and Smith.
We hold Lennox’s notice of appeal was timely, therefore the department and district court had jurisdiction in the subsequent proceedings.
II. Was the Employee Guilty of Misconduct?
An applicant for unemployment benefits who is discharged for misconduct is subjected to a limited disqualification. Iowa Code § 96.5(2). “Misconduct” is not statutorily defined, an omission supplied by a department rule, 370-4.32(l)(a). We quoted the full rule in Cosper, 321 N.W.2d at 9. Relevant here is this portion:
Misconduct is defined as a deliberate act or omission by a worker which constitutes a material breach of the duties and obligations arising out of such worker’s contract of employment. Misconduct ... is ... limited to conduct [that] ... show[s] an intentional and substantial disregard ... of the employee’s duties and obligations to the employer.
We have said the rule 370-4.32(l)(a) definition accurately reflects the intention of the legislature. Kehde v. Iowa Department of Job Service, 318 N.W.2d 202, 206 (Iowa 1982); Huntoon v. Iowa Department of Job Services, 275 N.W.2d 445, 448 (Iowa), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 852, 100 S.Ct. 105, 62 L.Ed.2d 68 (1979).
In this case the employee’s “contract of employment” included a labor agreement negotiated between the employee’s union and Lennox. Its introductory provisions included this statement:
[I]t is the intent and purpose of the Company and Union to establish and promote harmonious and cooperative relations between the Company, the Union, and the employees covered by this Agreement to provide procedures for the peaceful and equitable adjustment of grievances; to prevent lockouts, strikes, slowdowns, and work stoppages, during the term of this Agreement
To that end, Article 3, Section 2A, provided that “any activity by the Union or an employee to instigate, condone, or participate in a strike, slowdown, or a work stoppage, will be subject to discipline.” (Emphasis added.)
As we have noted, the employee, a former officer and steward of the union, conceded he was familiar with this provision of the negotiated contract. Nonetheless, he called for a repudiation of the labor agreement and for a wildcat strike by a letter published in the Marshalltown (1980 census population 26,938) newspaper serving the Lennox plant community. That his efforts were only partially successful was clearly no fault of the employee.
Absent first amendment implications, it is obvious the employee’s call for a wildcat strike directly violated his contractual duty to Lennox not to engage in any activity to instigate a strike during the period of the labor agreement. Cast in the language of rule 370-4.32(l)(a), this was “an intentional and substantial disregard ... of the employee’s duties and obligations to the employer,” and constituted Iowa Code section 96.5(2) misconduct unless the state is constitutionally prohibited from denying unemployment benefits to the employee.
Supportive of the above analysis are a number of decisions from other jurisdictions holding employees discharged for violating labor agreements guilty of statutory misconduct, and thus not entitled to state unemployment benefits. E.g., ITT Continental Baking Co. v. Davila, 388 So.2d 1254, 1258 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1980) (“We cannot uphold an award of unemployment benefits to an employee who suddenly decides to walk off the job ... when he does so of his own free will in intentional violation of a specific no-strike clause in the collective bargaining agreement between his union and his employer.”); Bogue Electric Co. v. Board of Review of the Division of Employment Security of the Department of Labor and Industry, 21 N.J. 431, 436, 122 A.2d 615, 618 (1956) (“It would be in plain derogation of the spirit and policy of the act — protection against the hazard of involuntary unemployment — to provide unemployment benefits to employees who were lawfully discharged for a deliberate breach of a contract to which they were parties.”); Hussar v. Commonwealth Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 61 Pa.Commw. 28, 33, 432 A.2d 643, 646 (1981) (“The Board found that the claimant attempted to induce employees in the wax booth area of the plant’s paint department to support an illegal work stoppage .... Once the claimant’s participation in, or the encouragement of, the illegal work stoppage is established, the law is clear that such conduct constitutes willful misconduct .... ”); Universal Foundry Co. v. Department of Industry, Labor and Human Relations, 86 Wis.2d 582, 592-93, 273 N.W.2d 324, 329 (1979) (Employee’s “informational picketing” held to be “a violation ... of the collective bargaining agreement ... [constituting] a willful interference with the company’s interests and, therefore, ... misconduct.”). Although the issue in Central Foam Corp. v. Barrett, 266 N.W.2d 33 (Iowa 1978), was whether the employees were disqualified for unemployment under Iowa Code section 96.5(1) (“Voluntary quitting”), it is noteworthy that several of the employees who walked off the job in violation of their no strike — no lockout contract were penalized four weeks for misconduct, from which ruling no appeal was taken. Id. at 34.
In this case the employee seeks to avoid disqualification for misconduct by asserting he merely was exercising his first amendment right of free speech. We turn, then, to an examination of this contention.
III. Is the Department Constitutionally Prohibited From Denying the Employee Unemployment Benefits?
The hearing officer’s decision, adopted by the agency, mentions “fighting words” as an exception to first amendment protections. That ruling could not be sustained, of course, to the extent it was based on that exception, if it was. “Fighting words” generally are those which by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace in a face-to-face encounter. Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568, 572-73, 62 S.Ct. 766, 769-70, 86 L.Ed. 1031, 1035-36 (1942); see Lewis v. City of New Orleans, 415 U.S. 130, 132, 94 S.Ct. 970, 972, 39 L.Ed.2d 214, 219 (1974); Gooding v. Wilson, 405 U.S. 518, 522-23, 92 S.Ct. 1103, 1106, 31 L.Ed.2d 408, 414 (1972). The deputy’s ruling, however, clearly is based on a finding that the claimant’s activity was in violation of the labor agreement and that his “instigations caused problems among the workers and the employer.”
In reversing on review, the district court held “[t]he letter to the editor was protected under the First Amendment and said right to speak cannot be restricted by the State unless there is a compelling State interest.” The court did not address the contract violation issue. Without reference to the department’s contrary finding on uncontroverted evidence, the district court independently found “[t]here was no evidence that the letter caused any demonstrable harm to the employer.”
Courts do not hear contested cases under the Administrative Procedure Act de novo. Cook v. Iowa Department of Job Service, 299 N.W.2d 698, 701 (Iowa 1980). Although the agency’s decision must be supported “by substantial evidence in the record made before the agency when that record is viewed as whole,” Iowa Code section 17A.19(8)(f) (1983), “substantial evidence” under this standard is that which a reasonable mind would accept as adequate to reach a given conclusion, even if a review court would have drawn a contrary inference from the evidence. Iowa Health Systems Agency, Inc. v. Wade, 327 N.W.2d 732, 733-34 (Iowa 1982). The possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence does not prevent an agency’s finding from being supported by substantial evidence. Peoples Memorial Hospital v. Iowa Civil Rights Commission, 322 N.W.2d 87, 91 (Iowa 1982). We hold the hearing officer’s finding that the employee’s letter caused “problems” between the labor force and Lennox was supported by substantial evidence, and that the district court had no ground in fact or law to reach a contrary finding. On this basis we turn to the question whether the district court properly applied the law, Cook, 299 N.W.2d at 701, applying the section 17A.19(8) standards to determine whether this court’s conclusions are the same as those of the district court.
The employee argues that although generally a private employer may fire an employee for the exercise of otherwise protected speech, the grant or denial of government benefits cannot be premised on the exercise of a person’s free speech rights, in absence of a compelling state interest. He relies on Perry v. Sindermann, 408 U.S. 593, 92 S.Ct. 2694, 33 L.Ed.2d 570 (1972); Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398, 83 S.Ct. 1790, 10 L.Ed.2d 965 (1963); and several other decisions, none of which involved an employee violation of an express contractual provision based upon adequate consideration. See Thornton v. Department of Human Resources Development, 32 Cal.App.3d 180, 107 Cal.Rptr. 892 (1973); DeGrego v. Levine, 46 A.D.2d 253, 362 N.Y.S.2d 207 (1974), aff'd, 39 N.Y.2d 180, 347 N.E.2d 611, 383 N.Y.S.2d 250 (1976); Wright v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 45 Pa.Commw. 117, 404 A.2d 792 (1979). These cases are factually inapposite: not one involves the deliberate violation of a formal contract.
There was no contract in Perry, and no instigation of a strike in the face of a no-strike provision negotiated at arm’s length and for consideration between parties of equal strength. The opinion simply holds, as we observed in Bishop v. Keystone Area Education Agency No. 1, 311 N.W.2d 279, 284 (Iowa 1981), that the state ordinarily cannot discharge a public employee merely for expressing his or her opinion on public issues.
Like several other decisions the employee relies on, Sherbert involved religion, not speech. See Thomas v. Review Board of Indiana Employment Security Division, 450 U.S. 707, 101 S.Ct. 1425, 67 L.Ed.2d 624 (1981). Sherbert, a Seventh-Day Adventist, was discharged because she would not work on Saturday. She was denied unemployment benefits. The court held that government could not permissibly require an employee to choose between abandoning the precepts of her religion in order to work and following her religion and forfeiting unemployment benefits. 374 U.S. at 404, 83 S.Ct. at 1794, 10 L.Ed.2d at 970.
Later federal decisions have not accorded Sherbert all the force this employee would claim for it. In Linscott v. Millers Falls Co., 440 F.2d 14 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 872, 92 S.Ct. 77, 30 L.Ed.2d 116 (1971), the court affirmed dismissal of a damage suit brought by a Seventh-Day Adventist against her union-shop employer and her union. She was discharged because her religious belief forbade her paying union initiation fees and dues. The majority acknowledged provisions of the Labor-Management Relations Act provided “the governmental activity necessary to bring the First Amendment in play,” id. at 16, citing Railway Employes’ Department v. Hanson, 351 U.S. 225, 76 S.Ct. 714, 100 L.Ed. 1112 (1956) (holding in favor of union shop over employee’s constitutional rights). Nonetheless, the Linscott court summarily distinguished Sherbert with the following rationale:
In the present case the interests are not merely that of the plaintiff versus the cost to the fisc; opposed to plaintiff’s interest are both the public and private interests in collective bargaining and industrial peace.
440 F.2d at 18.
A. Waiver. The department contends the employee waived his free speech right to call for a wildcat strike by the provisions of the labor agreement, and cannot now assert it. That basic constitutional rights may be waived, even in the context of criminal investigations and trials where liberty is at stake, is a well-established principle applied constantly in our criminal appeals.
We already have noted that the employee, a former union official, had full knowledge of this provision in the negotiated contract. There is a plain inference the agreement contained a no-lockout provision binding the employer, and “procedures for the peaceful and equitable adjustment of grievances.” The employee’s testimony did not even suggest the labor agreement was not negotiated between parties of equal strength, at arm’s length. Nor did he assert there was insufficient consideration for the provision, binding on the union and its employees, not to instigate a strike, slowdown or work stoppage. The same provision provided for the violator to be disciplined.
That a union may so negotiate away a union member’s rights is beyond question. National labor policy “extinguishes the individual employee’s power to order his [or her] own relations with [the] employer” and creates a power vested in the union to act in the interests of all employees. NLRB v. Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co., 388 U.S. 175, 180, 87 S.Ct. 2001, 2006, 18 L.Ed.2d 1123, 1127 (1967). Although the 1959 Landrum-Griffin amendments provide union members some protections to ensure fair procedures and free speech with respect to election of union officials, see 29 U.S.C. § 411 (1976); Mallick v. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 644 F.2d 228, 235 (3d Cir.1981), the union may bargain away the member’s right to strike during the contract period, and may try and fine the member for working in defiance of a union-called strike. Allis-Chalmers, 388 U.S. at 184-95, 87 S.Ct. at 2008-14, 18 L.Ed.2d at 1130-36. See also Mastro Plastics Corp. v. NLRB, 350 U.S. 270, 280, 76 S.Ct. 349, 356-57, 100 L.Ed. 309, 319 (1956) (“Provided the selection of the bargaining representative remains free, such [no-strike] waivers contribute to the normal flow of commerce and to the maintenance of regular production schedules. Individuals violating such clauses appropriately lose their status as employees.”).
Courts, upon proper showing, recognize the concept of contractual waiver of constitutional rights in civil cases. In D.H. Overmyer Co. v. Frick Co., 405 U.S. 174, 92 S.Ct. 775, 31 L.Ed.2d 124 (1972), the Court affirmed judgment on a cognovit note in which the maker waived the basic constitutional due process rights of notice and hearing. The Court applied the usual standards requiring the waiver to be voluntary, knowingly and intelligently made, and noted the contract did not result from unequal bargaining power or overreaching. Id. at 185-86, 92 S.Ct. at 782, 31 L.Ed.2d at 134. There, as here, the contractual waiver was based on good consideration. The concept of waiver of first amendment rights was recognized in Sambo’s Restaurants, Inc. v. City of Ann Arbor, 663 F.2d 686 (6th Cir. 1981), although not applied, the court stating:
Unlike Overmyer, this case does not present a situation where there is an agreement which is binding as a matter of state contract law. Overmyer, indicates, however, that in the civil context the presence of consideration will constitute some evidence of waiver. We cannot find sufficient consideration here to evidence a waiver ....
Id. at 691.
In two cases where valid collective bargaining agreements were in effect, courts intervened to prevent work stoppages, despite the claimed first amendment rights to express political views by not unloading Russian ships. New Orleans Steamship Association v. General Longshore Workers, 626 F.2d 455, 463 (5th Cir.1980), aff'd, 457 U.S. 702, 102 S.Ct. 2673, 73 L.Ed.2d 327 (1982); West Gulf Maritime Association v. International Longshoremen’s Association, 413 F.Supp. 372, 376 (S.D.Tex.1975), aff'd without opinion, 531 F.2d 574 (5th Cir.1976) (“[T]his Court does not believe the institution of a work stoppage in violation of valid contract provisions is a valid argument for First Amendment protection. A First Amendment right can be waived, and was in this case.”).
This employee does not argue that a free speech right may not be contractually waived. Rather, he asserts the employer and the department did not raise this issue before and cannot assert it now. Although we do not find, on the basis of the skimpy record before us, that either employed the word “waiver,” we are convinced the issue was litigated. This case presents the unusual situation in which the waiver was expressly set out in the terms of the contract. The employer before the hearing officer, and the department before the district court, consistently asserted, in response to employee’s first amendment contention, that the conduct was in direct violation of the labor agreement in which the union and its members expressly contracted to refrain from activity to instigate a wildcat strike. Whether labeled “waiver” or not, the fight was over whether the employee could do what he did, with the resulting impact on Lennox’s operation, after agreeing in writing not to. We hold the waiver issue may be determined as an incident to the expressed issue, see Presbytery of Southeast Iowa v. Harris, 226 N.W.2d 232, 234 (Iowa), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 830, 96 S.Ct. 50, 46 L.Ed.2d 48 (1975), and inheres in the contentions advanced at all times by the employer and the department, presenting a question of law that should be decided. Frederick v. Shorman, 259 Iowa 1050, 1056-57, 147 N.W.2d 478, 482 (1966).
We hold that this employee, in the circumstances presented by this case, contractually waived his asserted first amendment free speech right to call for a wildcat strike and cannot assert it now to avoid a finding of statutory misconduct.
B. Compelling State Interests. Finally, we hold compelling state interests, balanced against the employee’s asserted first amendment right, dictate rejection of his claim for unemployment benefits in this instance. Courts should at least know what everyone else knows, Stenberg v. Buckley, 245 Iowa 622, 627, 61 N.W.2d 452, 455 (1954), and we judicially note the state unemployment compensation fund has not been and is not now a bottomless and overflowing source of money. In Iowa it has required extensive borrowing from the federal government to pay benefits. The legislature in the last session was required to lower benefits and raise employer contributions. See 1983 Iowa Legis.Serv. 1171 (West), amending Iowa Code chapter 96.
This is a concern recognized by the Supreme Court as early as 1977 in Ohio Bureau of Employment Services v. Hodory, 431 U.S. 471, 492-93, 97 S.Ct. 1898, 1910, 52 L.Ed.2d 513, 529 (1977):
The third rationale offered by the State is its interest in protecting the fiscal integrity of its compensation fund. This has been a continuing concern of Congress and the States with regard to unemployment compensation systems. See Report of the Committee on Economic Security ...; Hearing on H.F. 6900 before the Senate Committee on Finance, 94th Cong., 1st Sess. (1975). It is clear that protection of the fiscal integrity of the fund is a legitimate concern of the State.
The fiscal integrity of the fund should not be jeopardized by payments to employees who are discharged for deliberate violation of express provisions of their employment contract. This would strike at the expressed state interest disclosed by the legislature in creating the fund:
The legislature, therefore, declares that in its considered judgment the public good, and the general welfare of the citizens of this state require the enactment of this measure ... for the compulsory setting aside of unemployment reserves to be used for the benefit of persons unemployed through no fault of their own.
Iowa Code § 96.2 (1983) (emphasis added). See Bala v. Commonwealth Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 42 Pa.Commw. 487, 503-04, 400 A.2d 1359, 1368-69 (1979); see also Bogue Electric Co., 21 N.J. at 436, 122 A.2d at 618 (“It would be in plain derogation of the spirit and policy of the act ... to provide unemployment benefits to employees who were lawfully discharged for a deliberate breach of a contract to which they were parties.”).
Another compelling factor is the state’s interest in collective bargaining and industrial peace. See Linscott, 440 F.2d at 18 (“[i]n the present case the interests are not merely that of the plaintiff versus the cost to the fisc; opposed to plaintiff’s interest are both the public and private interests in collective bargaining and industrial peace”). The importance of this interest also has been recognized by the Supreme Court:
A fundamental aim of the National Labor Relations Act is the establishment and maintenance of industrial peace to preserve the flow of interstate commerce. ... Central to achievement of this purpose is the promotion of collective bargaining as a method of defusing and channeling conflict between labor and management.
First National Maintenance Corp. v. NLRB, 452 U.S. 666, 674, 101 S.Ct. 2573, 2578, 69 L.Ed.2d 318, 327-28 (1981). The viability of this interest in the face of an employer’s free speech challenge was judicially affirmed in Bausch & Lomb Inc. v. NLRB, 451 F.2d 873, 877-80 (2d Cir.1971). The second circuit court recognized that the board’s standards for elections may have a “minimal chilling effect” on speech, id. at 879, but that to sanction “free-for-all-anything-goes conduct” would “bring chaos, not peace to employer-employee relations.” Id. This employee seeks an award from employer-generated funds for violating a negotiated agreement designed to ensure labor peace for the term of the contract. The parties to the agreement had provided procedures for the settlement of disputes without resort to lockout or strike. To adopt a policy that would encourage such conduct would endanger the concept of collective bargaining and discourage the maintenance of industrial peace.
A related and compelling interest, which we judicially note has been the subject of feverish state activity, is to enhance employment in Iowa by retaining industry and by enticing industry to relocate here. This goal is thwarted by a hostile atmosphere in which employees discharged for misconduct nonetheless are paid unemployment benefits from funds extracted from employers. Hodory, 431 U.S. at 490, 97 S.Ct. at 1909, 52 L.Ed.2d at 529, underscores this concern:
The unemployment compensation statute, however, touches upon more than just the recipient. It provides for the creation of a fund produced by contributions from private employers. The rate of an employer’s contribution to the fund varies according to benefits paid to that employer’s eligible employees. Any action with regard to disbursements from the unemployment compensation fund thus will affect both the employer and the fiscal integrity of the fund.
(Citation omitted.) Clearly, a state policy awarding benefits to an employee who causes plant disruptions by publicly calling for a wildcat strike in violation of an express provision of a labor agreement will do little to retain or attract employment-producing enterprises.
A factor in this balancing equation is the type of speech involved in this case. The employee’s right to publicly criticize or condemn his employer or his union is not implicated by this decision. Only his activity in calling for a wildcat strike in violation of his agreement, coupled with the resulting disruption to the employer’s operations, is found to be misconduct disqualifying him from benefits. Such contract-violating speech involving a subject of little public interest, balanced against the state’s compelling interests in the fiscal integrity of its insolvent compensation fund, in collective bargaining and industrial peace, and in retaining and attracting industry so as to enhance employment opportunities in Iowa, does not and should not trigger a constitutionally mandated protection.
Although the employee has asserted violation of both the federal and state constitutions, his brief acknowledges “no distinction as to their substantive requirements is made for the purposes of this argument.” Accordingly, our analysis is deemed sufficient under both constitutions.
We hold the employee was discharged for misconduct. He is subject to a limited disqualification for unemployment benefits under the provisions of 96.5(2)(a). This proceeding is remanded to district court for ruling in conformance with this opinion.
REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS.
All Justices concur except HARRIS and McCORMICK, JJ., who concur in division I through division 111(A) and the result.
. Courts have recognized a distinction between union officials and rank-and-file union members in meting out employee discipline. See Liotta v. National Forge Co., 473 F.Supp. 1139, 1144 (W.D.Pa.1979), aff’d in part and rev’d in part, 629 F.2d 903 (3d Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 451 U.S. 970, 101 S.Ct. 2045, 2046, 68 L.Ed.2d 348 (1981).
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CASELAW
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Saturday, January 16, 2021
Home Living Busting common asthma myths
Busting common asthma myths
The condition claims over 1,000 lives a year and 80% of asthma sufferers find that their condition flares up because of air pollution. Asthma kills. So why are we being so complacent?
The condition claims over 1,000 lives a year and 80% of asthma sufferers find that their condition flares up because of air pollution.
Every 10 seconds, someone experiences a potentially fatal asthma attack. Making sure your asthma is well managed is the most important thing you can do to reduce your risk of an attack, according to Dr Walker. She says, “People with asthma have what we call ‘twitchy airways’ that overact to triggers such as pollution, pollen and temperature changes. Inhaled or oral steroid treatments dampen and control this reaction. This is why it’s crucial that people take their inhaler as prescribed.” Research shows a written ‘asthma action plan’ will make you four times less likely to need hospital treatment.
Inhaled or oral ‘preventer’ steroids are still the standard preventative asthma treatment. These are usually combined with a ‘reliever’ inhaler, which keeps the airways open. Asthmatics should check with their GP if they are using their inhaler correctly, as it’s common to not be getting an adequate dose. A ‘spacer’ — a plastic device that can be attached to an inhaler — is often given to children under five because it ensures more medicine gets into the lungs.
Busting common asthma myths
Myth: Only kids get it.
Truth: While for many asthma does start in childhood, some people are diagnosed in their 40s with so called ‘adult onset asthma’. Some women experience symptoms for the first time when going through menopause, so experts think there might be a hormonal link.Myth: It’s not that serious.
Truth: Over a third of people with asthma are at high risk of a fatal attack, with 5% of sufferers having symptoms so severe they have difficulty breathing almost all of the timeMyth: Don’t exercise if you have asthma.
Truth: Regular exercise can improve lung function and help you stay slim, which can mean fewer attacks. But if cold air, pollution or pollen trigger your asthma, it’s sensible to avoid exercising outside when these factors are present. And always talk to your GP before starting a new fitness programme.asthma myths
Myth: Asthmatics always wheeze.
Truth: Many sufferers don’t wheeze at all. That nagging dry night cough, or a chest cold that won’t go away, can also be warning signs of the condition — as can coughing in response to cold air.
Myth: You only need an inhaler when you’re having an attack.
Truth: Effectively managing asthma isn’t just about taking ‘relievers’ when flare-ups or attacks occur. Patients often need to take ‘preventers’ on a daily basis to combat chronic inflammation and avoid future attacks.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Church of St John the Evangelist, Clevedon
The Church of St John the Evangelist is a Church of England church in Clevedon, Somerset, England. Designed by William Butterfield, it was built in 1876–78 at the expense of Sir Arthur Elton and has been a Grade II* listed building since 1976.
History
St John's was built as the parish church of the newly formed ecclesiastical parish of South Clevedon, which separated from Clevedon in February 1876 as a result of a rapidly growing population. The church and its vicarage was built at the sole expense of Sir Arthur Elton of Clevedon Court and he commissioned William Butterfield to draw up the designs. Elton also provided an annual endowment of £100.
The foundation stone was laid by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Rev. Lord Arthur Hervey, on 19 October 1876, and construction was carried out by the contractor, Mr. William Restall of Bisley. While the church was being built, temporary services were held in some adjacent farm buildings, which received the name "Barn Church". The completed church was consecrated by the Bishop of Bath and Wells on 30 April 1878.
Elton also founded St John's National School in 1879. It was rebuilt in 1889, and became a library when a replacement school was opened in 1991. St John's church hall was built in the 1920s.
Architecture
St John's is built of local stone, with dressings in Bath stone and tiles on the roof, in the Gothic Revival style. It was designed to accommodate 500 persons and made up of a nave, north and south aisles, chancel, north and south transepts, vestry and a south-west tower, with six (originally five) bells. A second vestry and new porch was added in 1883–84.
The chancel and nave has a low clerestory with small windows. The flooring is paved with encaustic and plain tiles, and the lower region of the interior walls of the nave and aisles lined with Staffordshire tiles. The chancel's walls and reredos were built using Devonshire and other marbles and Bath stone. The centre of the reredos has a marble cross, surrounded by four Evangelistic emblems. It was obscured by wood panelling until the 1990s.
The church's windows have middle pointed tracery and there is a rose window in the north transept. Heaton, Butler and Bayne of London supplied the stained glass of the chancel's five-light window and south transept's east window. The pulpit and choir fittings are made of oak and walnut wood. The organ was built by Henry Willis & Sons and gifted by Mr T. Sheldon.
In 1909, the stone arch of the interior was replaced by a girder and iron screen, owing to subsidence issues. The work was carried out by C. S. Hare.
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WIKI
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Interest sensitivity gap
The interest sensitivity gap was one of the first techniques used in asset liability management to manage interest rate risk. The use of this technique was initiated in the middle 1970s in the United States when rising interest rates in 1975-1976 and again from 1979 onward triggered a banking crisis that later resulted in more than $1 trillion in losses when the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation were forced to liquidate hundreds of failed institutions who had typically lent for long maturities at fixed interest rates (such as 30 year fixed rate mortgages) and borrowed for much shorter maturities. The interest rate sensitivity gap classifies all assets, liabilities and off balance sheet transactions by effective maturity from an interest rate reset perspective. A 30-year fixed rate mortgage would be classified as a 30-year instrument. A 15-year mortgage with a rate fixed only for the first year would be classified as a one-year instrument. The interest rate sensitivity gap compares the amount of assets and liabilities in each time period in the interest rate sensitivity gap table. This comparison gives an approximate view of the interest rate risk of the balance sheet being analyzed. The interest rate sensitivity gap is much less accurate than modern interest rate risk management technology where the impact of a change in the yield curve can be analyzed using the Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework based on the work of researchers such as John Hull, Alan White, Robert C. Merton, Robert A. Jarrow and many others.
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WIKI
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Edward McGeachy
Edward McGeachy (died c. 1851) was the Crown Surveyor for the county of Surrey in Jamaica. He trained Thomas Harrison, the first Government Surveyor of Jamaica. He owned Bull Park plantation and Brighton Pen in Saint David Parish and in 1837 received compensation for the loss of eight slaves following the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833.
Early life and family
McGeachy's place and date of birth are unknown, but he described himself as a "colonist" of Jamaica and as having learned surveying "at school". He served a five-year apprenticeship with Francis Ramsay.
He married Margaret and they had daughters Rosa, Emma, Ada, and Margaret, and a son Charles Edward Alleyne McGeachy, indicating a family connection to the Alleynes of Barbados.
Career
After the completion of his apprenticeship, McGeachy was in partnership with Francis Ramsay before working on his own from 1824. He was with McGeachy, Dadley & Smith from 1826 to 1828 in partnership with former apprentices, and McGeachy & Smith by 1830. He was a sole trader from 1836 to 1843 and in partnership as McGeachy and Griffiths from 1843 to 1851.
He was a commissioned surveyor for the Crown in Jamaica from 1820 to 1846 and the Crown Surveyor for the county of Surrey from 1837 to 1851. By 1842, McGeachy had trained 15-20 apprentices, including Thomas Harrison (c.1823 - 1894), the first Government Surveyor of Jamaica, who succeeded him as surveyor of Surrey after McGeachy's death around 1851. He proposed a "perfect" map of Jamaica, travelled to England in 1831 to promote it, obtained the agreement of a dedication from the King, and returned in January 1832. It was never completed, however, after the House of Assembly of Jamaica refused financial support due to a downturn in the plantation economy with the abolition of slavery looming.
He owned Bull Park plantation and Brighton Pen in Saint David Parish, now in Saint Thomas, and in 1837 received compensation for the loss of eight slaves following the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833.
He completed historically valuable surveys across Jamaica, commenting, as did other surveyors, on the difficulty of the work, saying that "no one on the island has been more exposed to heat, and cold and wet, than I have", and noting that boundaries in Jamaica were:
"little settled, as compared to other countries, boundings not walled or fenced in, and the mountainous nature of the country, rendering it almost impossible in many cases to do so. Lines become lost, and it requires a great deal of practice in the mode of discovering them, through the aid of old surveys and surveying papers..."
Although contemporary sources attest to the unpleasant conditions surveyors had to contend with, including extremes of weather and mosquitoes, the hardships were sometimes mitigated by good planning and supplies. McGeachy recorded in his field notes that when surveying Fort Stewart Estate in 1843, his party comprised as many as 15 men, mostly surveying assistants of various kinds, but also a butler. Their provisions included seven loaves, a ham and a half, coffee, sugar, five bottles of rum, and four and a half bottles of wine, but they had to build their own shelter the first night they were on site.
Selected publications
* Irrigation in the West Indies, Being a Simple Plan by which they may be Perpetuated as Valuable and Productive Sugar Colonies. De Cordova, Kingston, 1846.
* Suggestions towards a General Plan of Rapid Communication by Steam Navigation and Railways: shortening the Time of Transit between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Smith, Elder, & Co., London, 1846.
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WIKI
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Research Center Borstel
The Research Center Borstel – Leibniz Lung Center (Forschungszentrum Borstel – Leibniz Lungenzentrum, FZB) is a German interdisciplinary biomedical research institution located in Borstel in Schleswig-Holstein, just north of Hamburg. It is affiliated with the Leibniz Association.
It was founded in 1947 as a research institute with the main focus on tuberculosis and leprosy. From its establishment until 1965 the institute was named the Tuberculosis Research Institute Borstel (Tuberkulose-Forschungsinstitut Borstel). A non-profit foundation, it receives a significant part of its funding from the Federal Ministry of Health and the Schleswig-Holstein state government. It has around 520 employees, and is the largest employer in Borstel.
The current director of the center is Stefan Ehlers.
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WIKI
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PDA
View Full Version : Softsqueeze on Win98?
aubuti
2005-10-29, 10:47
Hi all. I don't have a Squeezebox yet, but to check it out I've recently set up slimserver 6.2 on a Linux box (running Ubuntu 5.10), and have had only very few problems using Softsqueeze 2.2 to connect to the slimserver. Softsqueeze is running on a Win XP machine and on a Win 2000 machine. Everything is running over a fairly standard home wired/wireless LAN.
Today I tried adding an old Win98 computer to the mix, and Softsqueeze won't connect. In the preferences I can see that it found the hostname of the server. But it doesn't know what version of slimserver is running on the server, and the screen perpetually displays:
Please wait
Connecting to Slim Server
Where it waits and waits. Any clues? I've just done a fresh re-install of Win98 on this computer, which is an old Toshiba Pentium MMX (166MHz). Likewise the Java is a fresh install.
Any advice appreciated. Thanks.
-Ken
aubuti
2005-10-29, 12:26
Sorry to reply to own post, but now it's connected. Just before posting I installed the java mp3 plugin, and it still didn't connect. But after posting, and after it stewed there for 5-10 more minutes it connected.
Unfortunately, the results were no good once connected. The music was cutting in and out in 1-2 second cycles and basically unlistenable, even when it was the only softsqueeze connected.
Is the configuration on that computer below the minimum system requirements (which I couldn't find anywhere)? To recap, Pentium MMX 166MHz, 64MB RAM, running Win98SE. Don't have the sound card details handy. No big deal if it's too wimpy -- just an idea I had before sending it off for donation or recycling.
Thanks.
-Ken
Music Machine
2005-10-29, 19:23
Here's a link to the systems requirements page:
http://www.slimdevices.com/pi_specs.html
Regards
aubuti
2005-10-30, 06:36
Thanks, but that's for the requirements for the server machine (i.e., the machine running slimserver). I meant the system requirements for the Softsqueeze java application, which is the "virtual" Squeezebox. Sorry for the ambiguity in my request.
mherger
2005-10-30, 13:49
> I meant the system requirements for
> the Softsqueeze java application, which is the "virtual" Squeezebox.
> Sorry for the ambiguity in my request.
I once had slimserver stream a real stream through alienbbc (mplayer) to a
softsqueeze on a P/200 with 64MB RAM. It did work (CPU at 100% load), but
was rather touchy. I think SoftSqueeze alone might be ok. But you'll know
for sur if you just launch your machine and do the test yourself!
--
Michael
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Help translate SlimServer by using the
StringEditor Plugin (http://www.herger.net/slim/)
aubuti
2005-10-31, 09:09
Thanks. As per my earlier posts (10-29) it's not working well, with music cutting in and out, and really slooowww Softsqueeze menus. So I was asking for more info to try to determine if it was a completely lost cause on that relic machine, or if there were some things I could tweak to get it working.
From the sounds of your experience with the P200, I'm probably beating a dead horse.....
Maybe there's player software that works well with slimserver but is less demanding of resources than Softsqueeze? (That is, something other than the standard Windows Media Player that downloaded the whole stream from http://localhost:9000/stream.mp3 until the hard drive filled up!!).
Thanks again.
snarlydwarf
2005-10-31, 10:40
Maybe there's player software that works well with slimserver but is less demanding of resources than Softsqueeze? (That is, something other than the standard Windows Media Player that downloaded the whole stream from http://localhost:9000/stream.mp3 until the hard drive filled up!!).
Hah... i find that WMP story amusing. ;P
Winamp works "fine" with the stream.mp3 URL, but it's nowhere near as nice as SoftSqueeze (when you have the resources for it... Java seems to always ... well, suck) and SoftSqueeze is nowhere near as nice as a real Squeezebox.
If you can deal without the menus and such and especially if you don't change tracks a lot (for me, the buffering on Winamp or XMMS gets annoying since it's something the server can't say "stop, I'm moving to another track, just throw away what you have!"), then I'd try Winamp. It should be a much lighter client load than Softsqueeze.
Or break down and get a squeezebox for that location. :P
aubuti
2005-10-31, 14:46
Thanks for the advice. I was wondering about Winamp or maybe foobar2000. The current Winamp demands more than this system has, but I have an old Winamp 2.80 (and maybe a 3.x as well) that might work with this.
But you're right, in the end it probably just means I'll get a Squeezebox for that location sooner rather than later. Fortunately it's in a place where it's pretty easy to run ethernet cable, and a wired SB2 is a deal these days.
-Ken
aubuti
2005-11-01, 07:52
I tried it with Winamp 2.80 and it works well. It was a little "fiddly" getting the stream started (for some reason the slimserver web interface kept wanting to send the stream to a different player, until I made it forget that player), but then it played through with no hiccups.
The real solution is clearly to put a squeezebox in this location, but for now it's a zero-cost solution for getting music to that location. Although my wife thinks it's just something I made up to avoid throwing out an old computer ;o)
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Josh Katz (judoka)
Joshua Katz (born on 29 December 1997) is an Australian judoka. Katz competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's 60 kg event and was eliminated in the second round by Diyorbek Urozboev.
Katz's mother is former judoka Kerrye Katz who competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, when judo was a demonstration event. His older brother, Nathan Katz, also competed for Australia in judo at the Rio Olympics.
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WIKI
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Help:Images
* See also: Images.
It is recommended that all pictures be uploaded to Commons.
Image preferences
Logged-in users can set the size of thumbnails they want in Special:Preferences under "files". The default, used by those not logged in, is 180 pixels. Logged-in users can choose from widths of 120px, 150px, 180px, 200px, 250px or 300px.
Also, under files in Special:Preferences, you can set the size limit of images shown on image description pages. By default, if either the width or the height exceeds 800px or 600px respectively, then the image is reduced in size until it fits within those dimensions. You can choose from sizes of 320×240px, 640×480px, 800×600px, 1024×768px, 1280×1024px, or 10000×10000px. The last will effectively display all images at 100% resolution.
Using images
To incorporate your image in an article, you need to use the image markup. As an example in its simplest form, to reproduce the photograph at the top of this page you need to insert the following text into an article:
Where the image is called Glass-Ball.jpg. "thumb" forces the creation of a thumbnail, and you should replace "Example image caption" with a caption.
It gets a bit more complex than this—see w:Wikipedia:Image markup—but the vast majority of images should be displayed in the above format.
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An image should usually be placed alongside the definition that it illustrates. If there are too many images in a particular section for this placement to be possible an image gallery may be created that is left-aligned (see A for an example). Galleries are commonly placed at the foot of the Part-of-speech section or in a See also section.
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WIKI
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在 PowerShell 可以引用 .NET 程式庫，因此就算想要用它連資料庫跑 SQL 指令，也不是什麼難事。建立 SqlConnection、SqlCommand，ExecuteReader() 讀結果，ExecuteNonQuery() 跑更新，三兩下就能搞定。
但在 .NET 習慣了 Dapper 的簡潔輕巧，建 SqlParameter 傳參數讓人煩躁，但實在也不想再寫「串參數組 SQL 字串」的低級程式。。 (擔心小朋友有樣學樣搞出 SQL Injection。參考：你的網站正在裸奔嗎?)
想在 PowerShell 引用 Dapper，載入 DLL 不難，但 Dapper 跟 LINQ 重度依賴擴充方法，PowerShell 要引用也是可以，但寫法複雜到想吐，失去簡潔易用的原意。參考：PowerShell 裡可以寫 .NET LINQ 嗎？
為此，我試著在 PowerShell 實現類似 Dapper 用物件屬性傳參數的簡潔寫法，甚至能支援 WHERE Id IN @ids 傳參數陣列，感覺是不是很酷。
query "SELECT * FROM PSTEST WHERE Id IN `@ids" ([PSCustomObject]@{ ids = (1, 3) })
另外，關於連線字串，每次輸入帳號密碼不方便，但我也無法接受明碼儲存。PowerShell SecureString 限定主機及使用者使用，加密內容外流也難以解密，若沒有更安全的自訂連線字串儲存機制，不失為保存連線字串的簡易選擇。參考：淺談 PowerShell 中的密碼字串加密處理
綜合以上，這篇將展示如何使用 SecureString 儲存 SQL 連線字串，以及在 PowerShell 用類似 Dapper 的寫法查詢及更新資料庫。
Encrypt-ConnString.ps1 是一支小程式，輸入 Data Source、Initial Catalog、User Id、Password (或指定 Integrated Security=SSPI) 後加密儲存成檔案供重複使用。連線字串使用 SecureString / DPAPI 加密，在同一台主機使用相同帳號登入才能解開，方便將帳號密碼儲存起來重複使用。
$dataSource = Read-Host "Data Source"
$initCatalog = Read-Host "Initial Catalog"
$sspi = (Read-Host "Use Integrated Security? (Y/N)") -ieq 'y'
function secStrToClearText($secString) {
$BSTR = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($secString)
return [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto($BSTR)
}
if (!$sspi) {
$userId = Read-Host "User Id"
$passwd = secStrToClearText (Read-Host "Password" -AsSecureString)
}
$path = Read-Host "Please input the file name of encrypted connection string"
$cnStr = "data source=$dataSource;initial catalog=$initCatalog;"
if ($sspi) {
$cnStr += "integrated security=sspi"
}
else {
$cnStr += "user id=$userId;password=$passwd"
}
ConvertTo-SecureString -String $cnStr -AsPlainText -Force | ConvertFrom-SecureString | Out-File $path
在 PowerShell 仿效 Dapper 以匿名型別物件傳 SQL 參數沒想像來得困難，以 PSCustomObject 定義匿名型別，跑迴圈逐一將屬性轉成 SqlParameter。若資料值為陣列，遇到 WHERE Id IN @ids 則跑迴圈加入 @id1、@id2、@id3 等 SqlParameter，再將 @ids 換成 (@id1, @id2, @id3)。前面提到的參數會用 AddParameterWithValue() 讓 ADO.NET 自動對映參數資料型別，若有特殊需求，亦可自建 SqlParameter 傳入。
另外，函式也能共用外部傳入的 SqlConnection，並可啟用 Transaction 交易，支援 Rollback。多說無益，直接看程式吧!
param (
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)][string]$encConnStrFile
)
$ErrorActionPreference = 'STOP'
try {
$secString = Get-Content $encConnStrFile | ConvertTo-SecureString
$BSTR = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($secString)
$cnStr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto($BSTR)
}
catch {
Write-Host "Failed to read connection string - $($error[0].Exception.Message)"
return
}
function createConn() {
return New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection -ArgumentList $cnStr
}
function addParams($cmd, [PSCustomObject]$params) {
if ($params -ne $null) {
$params.PSObject.Properties.Name | ForEach-Object {
$paramName = $_
if (-not ($paramName -match '^[0-9A-Za-z]+$')) {
throw "Invalid parameter name: $paramName"
}
$paramVal = $params.$paramName
if ($paramVal -is [System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter]) {
$cmd.Parameters.Add($paramVal) | Out-Null
}
elseif ($paramVal -is [array]) {
# support "WHERE Col IN @array"
$idx = 1
$paramNameList = ''
$paramVal | ForEach-Object {
$cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue('@' + $paramName + $idx, $_) | Out-Null
$paramNameList += '@' + $paramName + $idx + ','
$idx++
}
$cmd.CommandText = $cmd.CommandText.Replace('@' + $paramName, "($($paramNameList.TrimEnd(',')))")
}
else {
$cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue('@' + $paramName, $paramVal) | Out-Null
}
}
}
}
function execute([string]$cmdText, [PSCustomObject]$params, $extConn, $trans) {
if ($null -eq $extConn) {
$cn = createConn
$cn.Open()
}
else {
$cn = $extConn
}
$cmd = $cn.CreateCommand()
if ($null -ne $trans) { $cmd.Transaction = $trans }
$cmd.CommandText = $cmdText
addParams $cmd $params
$cmd.ExecuteNonQuery() | Out-Null
if ($null -eq $extConn) { $cn.Dispose() }
}
function query([string]$cmdText, [PSCustomObject]$params, $extConn, $trans) {
if ($null -eq $extConn) {
$cn = createConn
$cn.Open()
}
else {
$cn = $extConn
}
$cmd = $cn.CreateCommand()
if ($null -ne $trans) { $cmd.Transaction = $trans }
$cmd.CommandText = $cmdText
addParams $cmd $params
$dr = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
$dt = New-Object System.Data.DataTable
$dt.load($dr)
$dr.Dispose()
if ($null -eq $extConn) { $cn.Dispose() }
return $dt
}
# 範例一 無參數SQL指令
execute @"
IF OBJECT_ID('PSTEST','U') IS NULL
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE PSTEST (ID INTEGER, NAME NVARCHAR(32))
END
ELSE
BEGIN
TRUNCATE TABLE PSTEST
END
"@
execute "INSERT INTO PSTEST VALUES (1,'Jeffrey')"
execute "INSERT INTO PSTEST VALUES (2,'darkthread')"
execute "INSERT INTO PSTEST VALUES (3,'Ironman')"
# 結果以 Format-Table 方式呈現
Write-Host "簡單查詢" -ForegroundColor Yellow
query "SELECT * FROM PSTEST" | Format-Table
# 類似 LINQ Where()/Select() 概念
Write-Host "結合 Where-Object / ForEach-Object" -ForegroundColor Yellow
query 'SELECT * FROM PSTEST' | Where-Object { $_.Id -le 2 } |
ForEach-Object { "* $($_.Name)" }
# 範例二 使用自訂資料物件傳參數
Write-Host "使用自訂物件傳參數" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$users = @( @{ id = 4; name = 'Clone-1' }, @{ id = 5; name = 'Clone-2'} )
$users | ForEach-Object {
execute 'INSERT INTO PSTEST VALUES (@id, @name)' ([PSCustomObject]$_)
}
query "SELECT * FROM PSTEST WHERE Id = `@id OR Name LIKE `@name + '%'" `
([PSCustomObject]@{ id = 1; name = 'Clone' }) | Format-Table
Write-Host "WHERE Id IN @ids 陣列參數" -ForegroundColor Yellow
query "SELECT * FROM PSTEST WHERE Id IN `@ids" ([PSCustomObject]@{ ids = (1, 3) }) | Format-Table
# 範例三 指定特殊參數型別
Write-Host "指定 SqlParameter SqlDbType" -ForegroundColor Yellow
$guidParam = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlParameter -ArgumentList "@guid",[System.Data.SqlDbType]::UniqueIdentifier
$guidParam.Value = New-Guid
$params = [PSCustomObject]@{
guid = $guidParam
str = 'Param Type Test'
}
query 'SELECT @str AS S, @guid as G' $params | Format-Table
# 範例四 啟動 Transaction
Write-Host "啟動 Transaction" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Write-Host "測試前筆數： $((query 'SELECT COUNT(1) AS C FROM PSTEST').C)"
$cn = createConn
$cn.Open()
$trans = $cn.BeginTransaction()
execute 'DELETE FROM PSTEST' -extConn $cn -trans $trans
$cnt = (query 'SELECT COUNT(1) AS C FROM PSTEST' -extConn $cn -trans $trans).C
Write-Host "交易過程筆數：$cnt"
$trans.Rollback()
$trans.Dispose()
$cn.Dispose()
Write-Host "Rollback 後筆數：$((query 'SELECT COUNT(1) AS C FROM PSTEST').C)"
測試成功!
Example of how to save conneciton securely and run SQL command in Dapper-style with PowerShell.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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acute injury
Why We Don't Ice Injuries Anymore
The mnemonic - RICE (Rest; Ice; Compression; Elevation), was created by Dr Gabe Mirkin in 1978 and written about in his book, Sports Medicine.. Ever since then we have been slapping ice packs onto acute injuries but just over a year ago, the same Dr Mirkin stated: "Coaches have used my “RICE” guideline for decades, but now it appears that both Ice and complete Rest may delay healing, instead of helping".
Healing requires inflammation, your body has it's own inflammatory cells (macrophages) which get sent to an area of damage to promote healing. Applying ice to the area actually slows down the circulation and therefore the rate at which the macrophages can do their job. Anything that reduces inflammation also delays healing; this means that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) like ibuprofen also delay the healing process.
When it comes to acute injuries, as long as you have been cleared for any fractures and only have soft tissue damage, you are better off applying a cloth soaked in apple cider vinegar to the injured area, with cling film, to keep in the moisture (this can increase the rate of recovery and has been used for hundreds of years to help the body rid of inflammation without compromising blood supply to the area). Compression and movement within a range that does not increase pain and discomfort is also recommended.
And then, of course, a rehabilitation programme to get you back to full pain-free function.
For the original article click here
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Under three flags; a story of mystery (IA underthreeflagss00tayliala).pdf/220
for his quick eye notes that he wears the undress uniform of a Spanish officer. To his surprise, however, he perceives that the two Cubans are stealthily following the man.
"So it is not an American after all," thinks Barker, as he steals silently along. "But I can't stand back and see a human killed in cold blood, whatever his nationality, and I won't!"
It is nearly 10 o'clock now and the street is deserted. As the form of the officer emerges into a clear patch of moonlight, Barker perceives that the Cubans have narrowed the distance that separates them from their prey, and he hastens to close up the gap between himself and the trio.
He is not too soon. When less than two rods from the Cubans he sees the flash of steel in the hand of the foremost of the pair.
"Look out!" Barker's voice rings out in English, loud and clear, and with the words he springs forward with a speed that rivals his sprinting in his football days.
"Tackle low!" The whimsical thought flashes through his brain as he clears the intervening space. And he does. The nearest Cuban goes down with a bone-breaking thud, the moonlight glitters for a second on something bright in Barker's hand, there is a sharp click, and the detective springs to his feet.
But there is no further need for his services. The other Cuban is speeding like the wind down the street.
"I owe you one for this, my friend," says the cause of the exciting episode in excellent English, as he strides up to Barker and warmly presses his hand. "But for your timely shout I should now be lying face downward there with the stiletto ornamenting my back. But what have you done to this scoundrel? He lies like a log."
"Oh, he'll be all right in a few moments," replies Barker, carelessly glancing down at the prostrate figure. "He went down so hard the wind was knocked out of him. Then I handcuffed him. Are there any policemen handy? If so, we can notify them and have him arrested."
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WIKI
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In the last decades of the 19th century, the European colonial powers laid claim to vast tracts of land on the African continent, expanding their spheres of influence and plundering natural resources. It’s commonly referred to today as the Scramble for Africa.
At the 1884-85 Berlin conference, the European powers met to negotiate control of the continent. Despite 80 percent of Africa being locally controlled at the time, the ambassadors at the meeting drafted random borders on a map of the continent, and created fifty countries.
A large part of the Congo Basin was handed over to Belgium’s King Leopold II. The colony – which was the personal property of the monarch – became known as the Congo Free State.
And although all the European colonial powers decimated the areas of the African continent they had control over, the genocide carried out in King Leopold’s name is usually pointed to as the most devastating.
The free state?
The Congo Free State lasted from 1885 to 1908. Historians estimate that during its time of operation, around 10 million Congolese people died. This accounted for half the population either being murdered or worked to death.
The colonisers’ mission was all about exploiting local resources, and the forced labour that could be utilised to extract them. The most important resource of the day was rubber, which was being shipped to Europe to make bicycle tyres.
The rubber terror
At the time the use of bicycles was skyrocketing in Europe and North America, and with it the demand for rubber. The Dunlop Rubber company was formed in 1890 mainly to produce the tyres.
It is yet another example of a popular consumer product being sold in the west that had an exploitative secret that was hidden from the buyers.
Rubber harvesting is harsh work. And the limited amount of Belgians stationed in the Congo needed to somehow force large groups of local people to carry out this painstaking labour in remote areas of the wilderness.
So the colonising force took full advantage of the lack of any laws that provided protections to the Congolese people, and set up a barbarous system to force the locals into submission that’s been dubbed Leopold’s “rubber terror.”
Under the King of Belgium’s rule, the Force Publique was established, which was an army and police force made up of a limited amount of officers from Belgium and local African troops. This private army was used to enforce the brutal conditions of the colony’s slave plantations.
A quota system was set up that required each village to produce a substantial amount of rubber, and to hand it over to the colonial overlords for free. If villagers failed to produce the required amount, merciless penalties were meted out.
A common punishment received by the villagers for missing their quota was to have their hands or feet amputated. It’s said that the imperialists employed this measure so as to save their limited ammunition.
As European demand for rubber further grew, a basket full of hands became the symbol of the waking nightmare that life had become for the Congolese people.
However, the colonisers didn’t stop there. The officers of the Force Publique kidnapped Congolese people and held them captive so as to coerce their other family members into working harder. If villagers didn’t produce their quotas, then their loved ones would be killed.
One army officer reported that he’d cut off the heads of a hundred villagers, for failing to provide the army with enough food. He reasoned that it was a humanitarian act, as once he’d committed it there had been plenty of supplies provided.
And in this way, the hundred who died, had led many more to survive.
As the focus on rubber harvesting continued, villages no longer had the means or the time to cultivate their own food, and widespread famine broke out. And as starvation prevailed, so too did disease.
In the cases where Congolese people rose up and simply refused to work, they were killed and their bodies were strung up and displayed as a warning to others.
But, news of what was actually taking place in the Congo Basin eventually made it to the outside world.
A recent photo exhibition of the victims of the crimes perpetrated in the Congo was shown in the UK’s International Museum of Slavery. It served to remind today’s audience of just how dehumanizing unchecked power can become.
English missionary Alice Seeley Harris was the photographer behind the images that revealed the exploitation. And Joseph Conrad’s novel the Heart of Darkness was a fictional account of what he’d experienced in the Congo Free State and the “horror” of it.
It was these accounts, and others like them, that helped start the international outcry against the human rights abuses in the Congo.
A royal investigation
Leopold had been trying to cover up reports of the atrocities that were occurring in his personal colony. But it was an investigation by a British man named Roger Casement, and the accurate reports that he produced, which finally led to the demise of the king’s reign.
In a last bid to continue on, Leopold established his own commission of inquiry that was supposed to further cover up what was taking place. However, his handpicked commissioners actually reported that the atrocities were indeed occurring.
And it was due to this final report that King Leopold II was forced to sell his colony to the Belgian government in 1908.
On to independence
Under the colonial rule of Brussels, the area became known as the Belgian Congo. New laws and regulations were introduced to limit much of the abuses being perpetrated, but many continued.
After World War II, local Congolese people began rising up and calling for independence and the Democratic Republic of Congo was eventually established in 1960.
However, Congolese independence hero Patrice Lumumba – the nation’s first democratically-elected prime minister – was imprisoned by authorities and executed early on. And then the nation was ruled by the corrupt military dictator Mobutu Sese Seko for over twenty years.
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Paul Gregoire is a Sydney-based journalist and writer. He has a focus on human rights issues, encroachments on civil liberties, drug law reform, gender diversity and First Nations rights. Prior to Sydney Criminal Lawyers®, he wrote for VICE and was the news editor at Sydney’s City Hub.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Research in Liver Disease
pictureFaculty in the UCSF Division of Gastroenterology are leaders in scientific discovery pertaining to liver biology and disease. Their work focuses on genetic and environmental factors that impact liver disease, as well as risk factors that influence disease outcomes and responses to treatment.
Research efforts in the division span “bench to bedside” – and benefit from a close connection between laboratory-based and clinical research faculty. Liver-focused faculty in the GI division are fully integrated into the multidisciplinary UCSF Liver Center.
Basic Science Research in Liver Disease
Fatty liver disease. GI faculty investigate how dietary nutrients and alcohol cause fatty liver disease and how specific fats lead to liver injury. (Jacquelyn Maher, James Ryan)
Inherited cholestatic disorders. GI faculty are searching for genetic factors that cause jaundice and chronic liver disease in children as well as jaundice in pregnant women. (Laura Bull)
Liver stem cells. GI faculty and collaborators study stem cells in the liver and other organs, including means to differentiate stem cells into mature liver cells for the treatment of liver disease. (Bruce WangHolger Willenbring)
Viral hepatitis. GI faculty investigate immune responses to hepatitis viruses and how the immune system regulates virus-induced liver disease and viral clearance. Collaborators study how the virus replicates in liver cells. (James RyanJody Baron)
Patient-oriented Research in Liver Disease
Acute liver failure. GI faculty are investigating means to identify the cause of acute liver failure and study how specific treatment interventions impact patients with liver failure.(Bilal Hameed)
Fatty liver disease. GI faculty are engaged in studies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver disease and identify risk factors for disease progression. (Bilal Hameed, Danielle Brandman, Jennifer Price, Monika Sarkar, Mandana Khalili). Please see link below for an article on pregnant women and fatty liver disease.
https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/06/417806/pregnant-women-fatty-liver-disease-face-worse-outcomes
Health services research in liver disease. GI faculty assess how ethnic and social background affects patient understanding of liver disease and influences access to care and patient decisions about medical treatment. (Mandana Khalili)
Liver cancer. GI faculty study outcomes of liver transplantation for liver cancer and assess the efficacy of treatments designed to improve eligibility for transplantation in the setting of liver cancer. (Courtney ShermanFrancis Yao, Neil Mehta, Mandana Khalili)
HIV/HCV co-infection. GI faculty investigate how co-infection with HIV and hepatitis viruses impacts liver disease progression. (Jennifer PriceMandana Khalili)
Liver transplantation. GI faculty study many factors affecting outcomes of liver transplantation including gender, age, hepatitis infection and liver cancer. They also study the development of fatty liver disease after liver transplantation. (Bilal Hameed, Danielle Brandman, Francis Yao, Jennifer Lai, Monika Sarkar)
Viral hepatitis. GI faculty study the epidemiology and natural history of viral hepatitis and how immune factors affect responses to hepatitis viruses. They also investigate the impact of viral hepatitis on the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, and how viral hepatitis influences outcome after liver transplantation. They are actively involved in treatment trials of new antiviral agents. (Alexander MontoJames RyanJennifer Price, Mandana Khalili).
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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High Sheriff of Lancashire
The High Sheriff of Lancashire is an ancient office, now largely ceremonial, granted to Lancashire, a county in North West England. High Shrievalties are the oldest secular titles under the Crown, in England and Wales. The High Sheriff of Lancashire is the representative of the monarch in the county, and is the "Keeper of The King's Peace" in the county, executing judgements of the High Court through an Under Sheriff.
Throughout the Middle Ages, the High Sheriff was a powerful political position; the sheriffs were responsible for the maintenance of law and order and various other roles. Some of its powers were relinquished in 1547 as the Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire was instated to deal with military duties. It was in 1908 under King Edward VII of the United Kingdom that the Lord Lieutenant position became more senior than the High Sheriff. Since that time the High Sheriff has broadly become an honorific title, with many of its previous roles having been taken up by High Court judges, magistrates, coroners, local authorities, and the police.
The sheriff conventionally serves for a term of a year, with the term of office starting in March. Unlike other counties, the honour in Lancashire is bestowed by the monarch in their role as Duke of Lancaster, by pricking the Lites. This page lists persons to have held the position, and is divided by sovereign state and Royal house. Another list of sheriffs of Lancashire from 1087 to 1886 is compiled in Edward Baines's "History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster". This names many other individuals for the earliest years of the office.
In April 2015 Amanda Parker of Browsholme Hall, Clitheroe, became High Sheriff and launched a website to promote the office:.
House of Plantagenet
* 1150–1160 Bertram de Bulmer of Brancepeth and Sheriff Hutton
* 1160–1162 Geoffrey de Valoignes of Farleton and Cantsfield
* 1162–1166 Sir Bertram de Bulmer of Brancepeth and Sheriff Hutton
* 1166–1170 William de Vesci, Lord of Alnwick
* 1170–1173 Roger de Herleberga
* 1173–1174 Ranulf de Glanvill
* 1174–1185 Ralph FitzBernard
* 1185–1185 Hugo Pipard
* 1185–1188 Gilbert Pipard
* 1188–1189 Peter Pipard
* 1189–1194 Richard de Vernon (1st term)
* 1194–1194 Theobald Walter, 1st Baron Butler
* 1194–1196 Benedict Garnet, of Caton
* 1196–1197 Robert de Vavasour of Hazelwood, Tadcaster
* 1197–1198 Nicholas le Boteler
* 1198–1199 Stephen of Thornham
* 1199–1200 Robert de Tatteshall, near Pontefract
* 1200–1204 Richard de Vernon (2nd term)
* 1204–1205 Sir William Vernon
* 1205–1215 Gilbert FitzReinfrid, Baron of Kendal
* 1205–1215 Adam FitzRoger of Yealand (1st term)
* 1215–1216 Reginald de Cornhill of Kent
* 1216–1217 Ranulph de Blundevill
* 1217–1222 Jordan FitzRoger
* 1223–1223 Stephen de Segrave
* 1223–1226 Robert de Montjoy
* 1226–1227 William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby
* 1227–1228 Gerard Etwell of Etwall, Derbyshire
* 1228–1232 Sir Adam de Yealand (2nd term)
* 1232–1232 Peter de Rivaux
* 1232–1233 William de Lancaster, Baron of Kendal
* 1233–1234 Gilbert de Wyteby
* 1234–1240 Simon de Thornton "Clericus"
* 1240–1241 John de Lancaster
* 1241–1245 Robert de Waterfal
* 1245–1246 Richard le Boteler
* 1246–1247 Sir Matthew de Redmayne, Lord of Levens
* 1247–1255 Sir Robert de Lathum
* 1255–1259 Sir Patrick de Ulvesby
* 1259–1259 Sir William le Boteler, Lord of Warrington
* 1259–1261 Sir Geoffrey de Chetham
* 1261–1264 Sir Adam de Montalt
* 1264–1267 Roger de Lancaster, Lord of Rydal
* 1267–1269 Edmund, 1st Earl of Lancaster
* 1269–1270 Sir Richard le Boteler of Rawcliffe, Fylde
* 1270–1272 John de Cansfield of Aldingham
* 1272–1274 Sir Ranulph de Dacre of Dacre, Cumberland
* 1274–1284 Sir Henry de Lea of Preston
* 1284–1290 Gilbert de Clifton
* 1291–1298 Sir Ralph de Montjoy
* 1298–1298 Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
* 1298–1301 Richard de Hoghton
* 1301–1307 Sir Thomas Travers
* 1307–1309 William Gentyl the elder of Poulton-le-Sands
* 1309–1315 Sir Ralph de Bickerstath of Bickerstaffe (died of wounds after Battle of Preston, 1315)
* 1315–1317 Sir Edmund de Neville from Hornby
* 1317–1320 Sir Henry de Malton of Malton, Yorkshire
* 1320–1322 William Gentyl the younger
* 1322–1323 Robert de Leyburn (1st term)
* 1323–1323 John Darcy
* 1323–1326 Sir Gilbert de Southworth of Southworth, Warrington
* 1326–1326 Robert de Leyburn (2nd term, died in office)
* 1326–1327 Sir Geoffrey de Warburton
* 1327–1327 Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
* 1327–1328 John de Burghton
* 1328–1329 John de Hamburg
* 1329–1332 Sir John de Denum
* 1332–1335 Robert Foucher
* 1335–1336 William de Clapham of Clapham, Yorkshire
* 1336–1337 Sir William le Blount (killed in office)
* 1337–1342 Robert de Radcliffe of Ordsall, Salford
* 1342–1344 Sir John le Blount (brother of Sir William, HS 1336)
* 1344–1345 Stephen de Ireton
* 1345–1345 Henry, 1st Duke of Lancaster
* 1345–1350 John Cockayne
* 1350–1358 Sir William Scargill
* 1358–1359 William de Radcliffe
* 1359–1361 Nicholas de Coleshill
* 1361–1361 Sir John de Ipres
* 1361–1362 Adam de Hoghton
* 1362–1371 John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
* 1371–1371 Richard de Radcliffe
* 1371–1374 Sir John le Boteler of Warrington and Beausay
* 1374–1377 Richard de Towneley
* 1377–1384 Sir Nicholas Haryngton of Farleton in Lonsdale
* 1384–1387 Sir Ralph de Radcliffe of Blackburn and Smithills Hall
* 1387–1392 Robert de Standish
* 1392–1397 Sir John le Boteler
* 1397–1399 Richard Molyneux
House of Lancaster
* 1399–1399 Sir Richard de Hoghton of Hoghton Tower
* 1399–1401 Sir Thomas Gerard of Bryn Hall, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Lancs.
* 1401–1404 Sir John de Boteler
* 1404–1405 Sir Ralph Radcliffe
* 1405–1406 John Boteler
* 1406–1411 Sir John Bold
* 1411–1415 Sir Ralph Staveley
* 1415–1416 Sir Robert de Urswyk
* 1416–1418 Nicholas de Longford
* 1418–1422 Sir Robert Lawrence
* 1423–1426 Richard Radcliffe
* 1426–1437 Robert Laurence of Ashton
* 1439–1449 Sir John Byron of Clayton Hall
* 1449–1461 Nicholas Byron
House of York
* 1461–1462 John Broughton of Broughton
* 1462–1464 Sir John Assheton of Ashton-under-Lyne
* 1464–1465 John Pilkington of Pilkington
* 1465–1466 Thomas Pilkington of Pilkington
* 1466–1473 Sir Robert Urswick of Urswick
* 1473–1480 Thomas Molyneux of Sefton
* 1480–1485 Sir Thomas Pilkington of Pilkington
House of Tudor
* 1485–1497 Sir Edward Stanley of Hornby Castle
* 1497–1524 Lawrence Starkie of Huntroyde
* 1523 Sir Alexander Radcliffe of Ordsall
* 1524 Sir William Molyneux of Sefton Hall
* 1526 Henry Farington of Farington, Leyland and Old Worden Hall
* 1527 Sir William Leylond of Morley in Astley
* 1528 Sir Alexander Osbaldestone of Osbaldestone
* 1529 Sir Alexander Radcliffe
* 1530 Sir Richard Assheton of Middleton Hall
* 1531 Henry Farington of Farington, Leyland and Old Worden Hall
* 1532 Sir John Towneley of Towneley
* 1533 Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford Park
* 1534 Sir Thomas Langton of Newton-in-Makerfield
* 1535 Sir Thomas Boteler of Bewsey
* 1536 Thomas Shireburne of Aighton and Mitton
* 1536 Hugh Adlington of Adlington and Duxbury
* 1537 Sir Thomas Halsall of Halsall
* 1538 John Holcroft of Melling
* 1539 Sir Alexander Radcliffe
* 1540 Sir William Laylond of Morley-in-Astley
* 1541 Sir Richard Hoghton of Lea and Hoghton
* 1542 Sir Thomas Southworth of Southworth and Samlesbury Halls.
* 1543 John Holcroft of Melling
* 1544 Sir Marmaduke Tunstall of Thurland Castle
* 1545 Sir William Norris of Speke Hall
* 1546 Sir Thomas Holcroft of Vale Royal
* 1547 Sir Alexander Radcliffe of Ordsall
* 1548 Sir Thomas Gerard of Bryn
* 1549 Sir Robert Worsley of Boothes
* 1550 Sir Peter Legh of Hayock
* 1551 Sir John Atherton of Atherton Hall, Leigh
* 1552 Sir Thomas Talbot of Lower Darwen
* 1553 Sir Thomas Gerard of Bryn
* 1554 Sir Marmaduke Tunstall of Thurland Castle
* 1555 Sir John Atherton of Atherton Hall, Leigh
* 1556 Sir Thomas Langton of Newton-in-Makerfield
* 1557 Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford Park
* 1558 Sir Thomas Gerard of Bryn Hall
* 1559 John Talbot of Salesbury
* 1560 Sir Robert Worsley of Booths
* 1561 Sir John Atherton of Atherton Hall, Leigh
* 1562 Sir John Southworth of Samlesbury Hall
* 1563 Sir Thomas Hesketh of Rufford Old Hall
* 1564 Thomas Hoghton of Hoghton
* 1565 Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford
* 1566 Sir Richard Molyneux of Sefton
* 1567 Sir Thomas Langton of Newton-in-Makefield
* 1568 Edward Holland of Denton Hall
* 1569 John Preston of Preston Hall, Westmorland
* 1570 Thomas Boteler of Bewsey and Warrington
* 1571 Edmund Trafford of Trafford
* 1572 John Byron of Clayton Hall.
* 1573 Richard Holland of Denton Hall and Heaton Hall
* 1574 William Booth of Barton
* 1575 Francis Holt of Gristlehurst, Bury
* 1576 Richard Bold of Bold, Warrington
* 1577 Robert Dalton of Thurnham Hall
* 1578 John Fleetwood of Penwortham
* 1579 Ralph Assheton of Middleton
* 1580 Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford
* 1581 Sir John Byron of Clayton Hall
* 1582 Richard Holland of Denton
* 1583 John Atherton of Atherton Hall
* 1584 Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford
* 1585 Thomas Preston of Preston Hall
* 1586 Richard Assheton of Middleton
* 1587 John Fleetwood of Penwortham
* 1588 Thomas Talbot of Bashall
* 1589 Sir Richard Molyneux of Sefton
* 1590 Richard Bold of Bold, Warrington
* 1591 James Assheton of Chadderton
* 1592 Edward Fitton (the younger) of Gawsworth Old Hall
* 1593 Richard Assheton of Middleton
* 1594 Ralph Assheton of Great Lever
* 1595 Thomas Talbot of Bashall
* 1596 Richard Holland of Denton
* 1597 Sir Richard Molyneux of Sefton
* 1598 Richard Assheton of Middleton
* 1599 Sir Richard Hoghton of Hoghton
* 1600 Robert Hesketh of Rufford and Martholme
* 1601 Cuthbert Halsall of Halsall
* 1602 Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford
* 1603 John Ireland of Hale
House of Stuart
* 1604 Sir Nicholas Mosley of Manchester
* 1605 Ralph Barton of Bolton-le-Moors
* 1606 Edmund Fleetwood of Rossall
* 1607 Sir Richard Assheton of Middleton
* 1608 Robert Hesketh of Rufford Old Hall
* 1609 Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford
* 1610 Roger Nowell of Read Hall
* 1611 John Fleming of Coniston Hall
* 1612 Sir Cuthbert Halsall of Halsall
* 1613 Robert Bindlosse of Borwick Hall
* 1614 Richard Shireburne of Stonyhurst
* 1615 Edward Stanley of Bickerstaffe
* 1616 Rowland Mosley of Hough End, Manchester
* 1617 Sir Edmund Trafford of Trafford
* 1618 Richard Shuttleworth of Gawthorpe Hall
* 1619 John Holt of Stubley
* 1620 Leonard Ashawe of Ashawe
* 1621 Edward Moore of Bank Hall, Liverpool
* 1622 Sir Gilbert Ireland of Hale Hall, Childwall
* 1623 Sir George Booth of Ashton-under-Lyne
* 1624 Sir Ralph Assheton of Whalley
* 1625 Edward Holland of Denton
* 1626 Roger Kirkbye of Kirkby Ireleth
* 1627 Sir Edward Stanley of Bickerstaffe
* 1628 Edmund Assheton of Chadderton
* 1629 Edward Rawsthorne of Edenfield
* 1630 Thomas Hesketh of Rufford Old Hall
* 1631 Richard Bold of Bold Hall, St Helens
* 1632 Nicholas Towneley of Royle, Burnley
* 1633 Ralph Assheton of Middleton
* 1634 Ralph Standish of Standish
* 1635 Sir Humphrey Chetham. of Clayton Hall
* 1636 William Farrington of Leyland
* 1637 Richard Shuttleworth of Gawthorpe Hall
* 1638 Roger Kirkby of Kirkby Ireleth
* 1639 Sir Edward Stanley of Bickerstaffe
* 1640 Robert Holt of Castleton
* 1641 Peter Egerton of Shaw Hill, Flixton
* 1642 Sir John Girlington of Thurland Castle
* 1643 Sir Gilbert Hoghton of Hoghton Tower
* 1644–1647 John Bradshaw of Bradshaw Hall, Bolton
* 1648 Gilbert Ireland of Hale Hall, Childwall
Commonwealth
* 1649 Humphrey Cheeton
* 1649 John Hartley of Strangeways, Manchester
* 1650 Edmund Hopwood of Hopwood Hall, Middleton
* 1651 Henry Wrigley of Chamber Hall, Oldham
* 1652 Alexander Barlow of Barlow, Salford
* 1653 John Parker of Extwistle, Clitheroe
* 1654 Peter Bold of Bold Hall, Warrington
* 1655–1656 John Atherton of Atherton
* 1656 John Starkie of Huntroyde Hall
* 1657 Hugh Cooper of Chorley and Carnforth
* 1658 Sir Robert Bindlosse, 1st Baronet of Borwick Hall, Carnforth
* 1659 Sir Richard Hoghton, 3rd Baronet of Hoghton Tower
House of Stuart, restoration
* 1660 George Chetham of Clayton Hall
* 1661 Sir George Middleton of Leighton Hall, Carnforth
* 1663 John Girlington of Thurland Castle
* 1664 Thomas Preston of Holker, Furness
* 12 November 1665: William Spencer, of Ashton Hall
* 7 November 1666: Sir John Ardene, of Harden
* 6 November 1667: Thomas Greenhalgh, of Brandlesholme
* 6 November 1668: Thomas Greenhalgh, of Brandlesholme
* 11 November 1669: Christopher Banastre of Bank Hall, Bretherton
* 4 November 1670: Sir Henry Sclater, of Light Oaks, near Leigh
* 9 November 1671: Sir Robert Bindlosse, 1st Baronet, of Borwick Hall, Carnforth
* 11 November 1672: Sir Robert Bindlosse, 1st Baronet, of Borwick Hall, Carnforth
* 12 November 1673: Sir Peter Brooke, of Astley Hall
* 5 November 1674: Alexander Butterworth, of Belfield, Butterworth
* 10 November 1676: Alexander Rigby, of Layton, Poulton-le-Fylde
* 14 November 1678: Sir Roger Bradshaigh, 1st Baronet, of Haigh Hall, near Wigan
* 1 December 1679: William Johnson, of Rishton Grange, Clitheroe
* 30 October 1680: Lawrence Rawstane, of New Hall, Edenfield
* 1682–1683 Thomas Legh of Bank, Leyland
* 1684–1685 Peter Shakerley of Shakerley, Tyldesley
* 1686–1688 William Spencer of Ashton Hall
* 1689 John Birch of Birch Hall, Manchester
* 1690 Peter Bold of Bold, Warrington
* 1691 Alexander Rigby of Whittle-le-Woods and Layton, Liverpool
* 1692 Francis Lindley of Bowling Hall
* 1693 Thomas Rigby of Whittle-le-Woods
* 1694 Thomas Ashurst of Ashurst, near Wigan
* 1695 Richard Spencer of Preston
* 1696 Thomas Norreys of Speke Hall, Liverpool
* 1697 Roger Mainwaring of Clitheroe
* 1698 William West of Middleton, Near Heysham
* 1699 Robert Dukinfield of Dukinfield, Ashton-under-Lyne
* 1700 Thomas Rigby of Goosnargh
* 1701 William Hulme of Davyhulme, near Manchester
* 1702 Roger Nowell of Read Hall, Blackburn
* 1703 Peter Egerton of Shaw Hill, near Manchester
* 1704 George Birch then Thomas Birch of Birch Hall, Rusholme
* 1705 Richard Spencer of Preston
* 1706 Christopher Dauntesey of Agecroft
House of Stuart, restoration
* 1707 Edmund Cole of Beaumont Cote, Lancaster
* 1708 Myles Sandys of Graythwaite Hall, Furness
* 1709 Roger Kirkby (died Feb 1709) of Kirby-Ireleth, Furness then Alexander Hesketh
* 1710 Robert Parker of Cuerden Hall
* 1711 Sir Thomas Standish of Duxbury Hall
* 1712 William Rawstorne of Edenfield and Penwortham
* 1713 Richard Valentine of Eccles
* 1714 William Farington of Leyland
House of Hanover
* 1715 Jonathan Blackburne of Orford Hall, Warrington
* 1716 Thomas Crisp of Parbold, nr. Wigan
* 1717 Samuel Crooke of the Old Crook, Leyland
* 1718 Richard Norris of Speke Hall
* 1719 Thomas Stanley of Clitheroe
* 1720 Robert Mawdesley of Mawdesley, Near Ormskirk
* 1721 Benjamin Hoghton of Hoghton Tower
* 1722 Benjamin Gregge of Chamber Hall, near Oldham
* 1723 Sir Edward Stanley of Bickerstaffe, near Ormskirk
* 1724 William Tatham of Ireby, near Kirkby Lonsdale
* 1725 Miles Sandy of Graythwaite Hall, Hawkeshead
* 1726 Edmund Hopwood of Hopwood Hall, Middleton
* 1727 Daniel Wilson of Dalham Tower, near Milnthorpe
* 1728 Joseph Yates of Stanley House, Manchester
* 1729 William Greenhaigh of Myerscough, near Preston
* 1730 James Chetham of Smedley
* 1731 William Leigh of Westhoughton
* 1732 John Parker of Breightmet, near Bolton
* 1733 John Greaves of Culcheth, near Leigh
* 1734 William Bushell of Preston
* 1735 Arthur Hamilton of Liverpool
* 1736 Sir James Darcy Lever of Alkrington Hall, Manchester
* 1737 Thomas Horton of Chadderton Hall
* 1738 Samuel Chetham of Turton Tower and Castleton
* 1739 Sir Ralph Assheton of Middleton
* 1740 Roger Hesketh of North Meols, Southport
* 1741 Robert Dukinfield of Manchester
* 1742 Robert Bankes of Winstanley Hall, near Wigan
* 1743 John Blackburne of Orford Hall, Warrington
* 1744 Robert Radclyffe of Foxdenton Hall, Chadderton
* 1745 Daniel Willis of Prescot
* 1746 William Shawe of Preston
* 1747 Samuel Birch of Ardwick (father of Samuel Birch (military officer))
* 1748 George Clarke of Hyde Hall, Manchester
* 1749 Rigby Molyneux of Preston
* 1750 Charles Stanley of Ormskirk
* 1751 James Fenton of Lancaster
* 1752 Richard Townley of Belfield Hall, Butterworth, Rochdale
* 1753 John Bradshaw of Manchester
* 1754 Thomas Hesketh of Rufford Old Hall
* 1755 Thomas Johnson of Manchester
* 1756 James Barton of Penwortham, Preston
* 1757 James Bayley of Withington, Manchester
* 1758 Robert Gibson of Myerscough
* 1759 Richard Whitehead of Claughton, near Preston
* 1760 Samuel Hilton of Pennington, Leigh
* 1761 Sir William Farington of Shaw Hall, Leyland
* 1762 Thomas Braddyll of Conishead, Ulverston
* 1763 Thomas Blackburne of Hale and Orford Hall, Warrington
* 1764 Sir William Horton, 1st Baronet of Chadderton
* 1765 John Walmesley of Wigan
* 1766 Edward Gregge of Oldham
* 1767 Alexander Butler of Kirkland Hall
* 1768 Thomas Butterworth Bayley of Pendleton
* 1769 Dorning Rasbotham of Farnworth
* 1770 Nicholas Ashton of Liverpool
* 1771 Sir Ashton Lever of Alkrington Hall Middleton
* 1772 William Cunliffe Shawe of Singleton Lodge, Preston
* 1773 Thomas Patten of Bank Hall, Warrington
* 1774 Geoffrey Hornby of Preston
* 1775 Sir Watts Horton, 2nd Baronet of Chadderton Hall
* 1776 Lawrence Rawsthorne of Edenfield
* 1777 Samuel Clowes of Chorlton
* 1778 Wilson Gale-Braddyll of Conishead
* 1779 John Clayton of Carr Hall, Little Harwood
* 1780 John Atherton of Walton Hall, Liverpool
* 1781 John Blackburne of Orford Hall, Warrington
* 1782 Sir Frank Standish of Duxbury Hall
* 1783 James Whalley, later Sir James Whalley-Smythe-Gardiner, 2nd Baronet of Whalley
* 1784 William Bankes of Wigan
* 1785 John Sparling of Liverpool
* 1786 Sir John Parker Mosley, 1st Baronet of Ancoats
* 1787 William Bamford of Bury
* 1788 Edward Falkner of Liverpool
* 1789 William Hulton of Hulton Park, near Bolton
* 1790 Charles Gibson of Lancaster
* 1791 James Starky of Heywood, Lancashire
* 1792 William Assheton of Preston and Clitheroe
* 1793 Thomas Townley Parker of Preston
* 1794 Henry Philip Hoghton of Hoghton Tower and Walton
* 1795 Robinson Shuttleworth of Preston
* 1796 Richard Gwillym of Warrington
* 1797 Bold Fleetwood Hesketh of Southport
* 1798 John Entwistle of Rochdale
* 1799 Joseph Starkie of Oldham
* 1800 James Ackers of Liverpool
House of Hanover
* 1801 Sir Thomas Dalrymple Hesketh of Rufford New Hall
* 1802 Robert Gregge Hopwood of Middleton
* 1803 Isaac Blackburne of Orford
* 1804 Thomas Lister Parker of Clitheroe
* 1805 Meyrick Holme Bankes of Wigan
* 12 February 1806: Le Gendre Piers Starkie, of Huntroyde Hall
* 1807 Richard Crosse Legh of Shaw Hill, near Chorley
* 1808 Thomas Clayton of Carr Hill, Little Harwood
* 6 February 1809: Samuel Clowes, of Broughton Hall
* 1810 William Hulton of Hulton Park; instigator of the Peterloo massacre
* 14 February 1811: Samuel Chetham Hilton, of Moston Hall
* 1812 Edward Greaves of Culcheth, near Leigh
* 1813 William Farington of Shaw Hall, Leyland
* 12 February 1814: Lawrence Rawstorne, of Penwortham Hall
* 13 February 1815: Le Gendre Starkie, of Huntroyde Hall
* 1816 William Townley of Townhead, near Ulverston
* 1817 Robert Townley Parker of Preston (son of Thomas Townley, HS 1893)
* 1818 Joseph Feilden of Witton House, near Blackburn
* 1819 John Walmesley of Castle Mere, Rochdale
* 1820 Robert Hesketh of Rossall Hall, Fleetwood
* 1821 Thomas Richmond Gale Braddyll of Conishead Priory, Ulverston
* 1822 James Shuttleworth of Barton, near Preston
* 1823 Thomas Greene of Slyne, near Lancaster and Whittington Hall
* 1824 John Entwistle of Foxholes, near Rochdale
* 1825 John Hargreaves, of Ormerod House, Burnley
* 1826 James Penny Machell of Penny Bridge, over-Sands
* 1827 Charles Gibson of Quernmore Park, Lancaster
* 1828 Edmund Hornby of Dalton Hall, Burton, Westmorland
* 1829 Henry Bold Hoghton of Hoghton Tower
* 1830 Peter Hesketh, of Rossall Hall, Fleetwood; landowner, developer
* 1831 Peregrine Edward Towneley, of Towneley
* 1832 George Richard Marton, of Capernwray Hall
* 1833 Sir John Gerard, 12th Baronet, of Garswood and New Hall
* 1834 Thomas Joseph Trafford, of Trafford Park; (one of the first Roman Catholics appointed to public office after the repeal of the Test Acts)
* 1835 Thomas Clifton, of Lytham Hall
* 1836 Charles Standish, of Standish Hall
* 1837 Thomas Bright Crosse, of Shaw Hill, near Chorley
* 1838 William Blundell, of Crosby Hall
* 1839 Charles Scarisbrick, of Scarisbrick
* 1840 Thomas Fitzherbert Brockholes of Claughton Hall, near Preston
* 1841 Sir Thomas Bernard Birch of Liverpool
* 1842 Thomas Robert Wilson France of Rawcliffe Hall
* 1843 William Garnett of Lancaster and Salford
* 1844 John Fowden Hindle of Woodfold Park, near Blackburn
* 1845 Pudsey Dawson the younger, of Hornby Castle
* 1846 William Standish Standish, of Duxbury Hall
* 1847 William Gale, of Lightburne House, Ulverstone
* 1848 Thomas George Hesketh of Rufford New Hall
* 1849 John Smith Entwistle of Foxholes, Rochdale
* 1850 Clement Royds, of Mount Falinge, Rochdale
* 1851 Thomas Percival Heywood of Pendleton
* 1852 Thomas Weld-Blundell of Ince Blundell, near Liverpool
* 1853 John Talbot Clifton of Lytham Hall
* 1854 Richard Fort of Read Hall, Clitheroe
* 1855 John Pemberton Heywood of Liverpool
* 1856 Robert Needham Philips of Prestwich
* 1857 Charles Towneley of Burnley
* 1858 George Marton, of Capernwray Hall
* 1859 Sir Robert Tolver Gerard of Ashton in Makerfield
* 1860 Henry Garnett of Wyreside, Lancaster
* 1861 Sir Humphrey de Trafford of Manchester
* 1862 William Allen Francis Saunders of Wennington Hall, near Lancaster
* 1863 Sir William Brown, Bt of Liverpool; politician and philanthropist
* 1864 Sir James Phillips Kay-Shuttleworth of Gawthorpe Hall
* 1865 William Preston of Ellel Grange, near Lancaster
* 1866 Sir Elkanah Armitage of Manchester
* 1867 Thomas Dicconson of Wigan
* 1868 Le Gendre Nicholas Starkie of Huntroyde Hall
* 1869 Benjamin Heywood Jones
* 1870 Henry F. Rigge of Wood Broughton, Grange-over-Sands
* 1871 Sir James Watts of Cheadle
* 1872 Thomas Wrigley of Bury
* 1873 Sir James Ramsden of Barrow-in-Furness
* 1874 Richard Smethurst of Chorley
* 1875 John Pearson of Newton-le-Willows
* 1876 Oliver Ormerod Walker of Bury
* 1877 George Blucher Heneage Marton of Capernwray Hall
* 1878 Nathaniel Eckersley of Standish Hall, Wigan
* 1879 William Garnett of Quernmore Park, Lancaster
* 1880 Ralph John Aspinall of Clitheroe
* 1881 William Foster of Hornby Castle
* 1882 George McCorquodale of Newton-le-Willows; industrialist
* 1883 Thomas Ashton of Didsbury, Manchester
* 1884 Thomas Brooks, 1st Baron Crawshaw of Rawtenstall; peer and landowner
* 1885 James Williamson of Lancaster; politician
* 1886 Sir Andrew Barclay Walker of Gateacre, near Liverpool
* 1887 Sir John Thursby of Burnley
* 1888 Oliver Heywood of Claremont, Manchester
* 1889 Clement Molyneux Royds of Greehill, Rochdale – twice member of Parliament for the Borough
* 1890 Charles Henry Bird of Cockerham
* 1891 George Theophilus Robert Preston replaced by Colonel William Foster of Hornby Castle
* 1892 John Knowles of Pendlebury
* 1893 Sir Thomas Storey of Lancaster; farmer and landowner
* 1894 Joshua W. Radcliffe of Oldham
* 1895 Frank Hardcastle of Bolton
* 1896 Sir Peter Carlew Walker of Liverpool
* 1897 Samuel Radcliffe Platt of Oldham
* 1898 William Balle Huntington of Darwen
* 1899 William Charles Jones of Bold, Warrington
* 1900 Frederick Baynes of Samlesbury Hall, near Preston
House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
* 1901 Charles Hesketh Bibby-Hesketh, of the Rockery, North Meols, Southport (later Charles Hesketh Fleetwood-Hesketh)
* 1902 Arthur Knowles, of Westwood, Pendlebury, and of Alvaston Hall, Nantwich
* 1903 Henry Whitehead of Bury
* 1904 Herbert Lushington Storey of Lancaster
* 1905 Sir John Ormerod Scarlett Thursby of Burnley
* 1906 Edward Tootal Broadhurst of Congleton
* 1907 Sir William H. Tate of Woolton
* 1908 Sir Thomas Brocklebank of Liverpool
* 1909 Sir William Bower Forwood of Bromborough
* 1910 Reginald Arthur Tatton of Preston
* 1911 Sir George Augustus Pilkington of Southport
* 1912 John Stone of Roby, Liverpool
* 1913 John William Makant of Bolton
* 1914 John Henry Maden of Rockcliffe House, Bacup
* 1915 Edward Graham Wood of Southport
* 1916 Percy John Hibbert of Hampsfield, Grange-over-Sands
House of Windsor
* 1917 Sir William Hesketh Lever of Rivington, Bolton; industrialist
* 1918 Col. George Hesketh of Bolton.
* 1919 Sir Ralph Cockayne Assheton, Bt, of Downham Hall, Clitheroe
* 1920 Edward Deakin of Linwood, Astley Bridge, Bolton
* 1921 George Hildyard Bankes of Winstanley Hall, Wigan
* 1922 Myles Kennedy of Stone Cross, Ulverston
* 1923 Sir Benjamin Sands Johnson of Abbot's Lea, Woolton, Liverpool
* 1924 Arthur Moore Lamb of Eskdale, Birkdale
* 1925 George Owen Sandys of Graythwaite Hall, Hawkshead
* 1926 John Percy Taylor of Woodside, Heaton, Bolton.
* 1927 Sir James Philip Reynolds, Bt, of Levens Hall, Westmorland
* 1928 Sir Arthur Meyrick Hollins of The Coppice, Ribbleton, Preston
* 1929 Charles Sydney Jones of Eastborne, Princes Park, Liverpool
* 1930 Samuel Turner of Bamford, Rochdale
* 1931 Sir Frederick Charles Bowring of Sefton Park, Liverpool
* 1932 Austin Townsend Porritt of Stubbins, near Bury
* 1933 Arthur Samuel Mitchell of West Didsbury, Manchester
* 1934 Sir Thomas Edward Higham of Bank House, Accrington
* 1935 Myles Noel Kenyon of Bury
* 1936 Thomas Stone of Roby
* 1937 William James Garnett of Quernmore Park, Lancaster
* 1938 Charles Eastwood of Moss House, Leyland
* 1939 Colonel Alan Cecil Tod of Maryton Grange, Allerton, Liverpool
* 1940 Edmund Barwick Clegg of Shore, Littleborough
* 1941 William James Garnett of Quernmore Park, Lancaster
* 1942 Francis Joseph Weld of Weld Road, Birkdale
* 1943 Sir William Fawell Ascroft of Preston
* 1944 Edwin Thompson, of Fulwood Park, Liverpool
* 1945 Colonel Sir Henry Darlington of Melling Hall, Carnforth
* 1946 Sir Percy Macdonald of Manchester
* 1947 Lt.-Col. Roger Fleetwood of Meols Hall, Southport
* 1948 Sir Robert Rankin, 1st Baronet of Broughton Tower, Broughton in Furness
* 1949 Col. Wilfred Hugh Burton Rowley Kennedy
* 1950 Sir Harold Parkinson, of Burnley and Hornby Castle, nr Lancaster
* 1951 Francis Grundy of Prestwich, nr Manchester
* 1952 Col. Sir John Reynolds, of Liverpool
* 1953 Maj. Mervyn Sandys of Graythwaite Hall, nr Ulverston
* 1954 Col. Leonard Green of The Manor House, Whalley
* 1955 Sir Cuthbert Barwick Clegg of Higher Shore House, Littleborough; industrialist, chairman of the Cotton Spinners' and Manufacturers' Association.
* 1956 Col. Vere Egerton Cotton of Langdale, Grassendale Park, Liverpool
* 1957 Alan Storey of Lancaster
* 1958 Col. Robert Goulbourne Parker of Browsholme, Clitheroe
* 1959 Eric A Carpenter of Manchester
* 1960 Charles Peter Fleetwood Hesketh of Manor House, Hale
* 1961 Col. Walter M Musgrave-Hoyle of Caton, Lancaster
* 1962 Col. Geoffrey George Hargreaves Bolton of Littlemoor House, Clitheroe
* 1963 Sir Frank Lord of Werneth, Oldham
* 1964 Brigadier Philip John Denton Toosey of Liverpool
* 1965 Lt. Col. Henry Cary Owtram of Newland Hall, Lancaster
* 1966 Col. Frederick William Jones of Lytham
* 1967 Col. Robert Ward Greenhaigh of Bolton
* 1968 Albert Wild of Preston
* 1969 Brigadier Sir Douglas Inglis Crawford of Fernlea, Mossey Hill
* 1970 Col. Henry John Darlington of Halton, nr Lancaster
* 1971 Simon Towneley of Dyneley
* 1972 Lt. Col. Joshua Geoffrey Barber-Lomax of Turton
* 1973 Henry Lumby of Ormskirk
* 1974 Col. Denis Arthur Sydenham Houghton of Broughton, Preston
* 1975 Maj. Basil Greenwood of Whalley
* 1976 Geoffrey Price Bowring of Halton Park; farmer and landowner
* 1977 Maj. Stanley Ryde Riddiough of Colne
* 1978 Col. Michael Albert Astley Birtwistle of Tunstall
* 1979 Cyril Joseph Ainscough of Parbold
* 1980 David Israel Goldstone replaced by Edward Anthony Nickson of Lytham
* 1981 Sidney Roy Fisher of Whittle-le-Woods
* 1982 Alexander Fordyce of Feniscowles
* 1983 Leonard Broughton of Blackpool
* 1984 Peter John James Wren of Whittle-le-Woods
* 1985 Edmund Christopher Parker of Browsholme, Clitheroe
* 1986 Edward Chambre Dickson of Goosnargh, Preston
* 1987 Robert Priestley Shepherd of Rossendale
* 1988 John Frederick Greenhough of Lytham
* 1989 Charles Joseph Weld-Blundell
* 1990 Patrick William Townsend of Gisburn
* 1991 John Renshaw Holt of Tatham
* 1992 Keith Ainsworth Gledhill of Marton
* 1993 Robert Rainey Craik of Mawdesley
* 1994 Judith Josa Duckworth of Bleasdale
* 1995 Ralph William Goodall of Hoghton
* 1996 Timothy Roy Henry Kimber of Newton Hall
* 1997 Sir David Austin Trippier of Dowry Head, Helmshore
* 1998 Charles Anthony Beresford Brennan of Hoghton
* 1999 Lady Shuttleworth of Leck
* 2000 Rodney Newman Swarbrick of Longridge
* 2001 Gloria Oates
* 2002 Thomas Geoffrey Bowring of Halton, Lancaster
* 2003 Bryan Mark Gray
* 2004 Gail Simpson Stanley
* 2005 James Christopher Armfield
* 2006 Peter Robinson
* 2007 Ruth Roderick Winterbottom of Caton, nr Lancaster
* 2008 Colonel Ewart Alan Jolley
* 2009 Caroline Susan Reynolds of Carnforth
* 2010 Dennis George Mendoros of Foulridge
* 2011 Peter Mileham
* 2012 M. Jeremy Gorick of Fulwood, Preston
* 2013: L Ann Dean
* 2014: Dr Barry Johnson of Preston
* 2015: Amanda Parker of Browsholme Hall, Clitheroe
* 2016: John Morris Barnett, of Blackpool
* 2017: Robert Mitchel Webb, of Arkholme
* 2018: Anthony John William Attard, of Preston
* 2019: Ralph Christopher Assheton of Clitheroe
* 2020: Catherine Penny of Dutton Hall, Ribchester
* 2021: Edwin John Booth Osbaldeston
* 2022: Martin John Ainscough of Parbold Hall
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Edin Pepić
Edin Pepić (born 13 July 1991), previously known as Edin Sancaktar until 2019, is a German footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.
Personal life
Pepić was born in Ratingen, North Rhine-Westphalia to Yugoslav immigrants to Germany, originally with the surname Sancaktar. When moving to Germany, his father had to change his surname from Pepić to Sancaktar. In 2019, he re-took his father's original surname "Pepić".
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Romanian financial regulator approves power producer Hidroelectrica's IPO
Adds financial details in paragraphs 3-9
BUCHAREST, June 23 (Reuters) - Romania's financial regulator ASF said late on Thursday it has approved the prospectus for the share sale of up to 17.34% of state-owned hydro power producer Hidroelectrica, which will run from June 23 until July 4 on the Bucharest Stock Exchange.
The initial public offering, which is likely to be one of Europe's largest so far this year, consists of existing shares held by Fondul Proprietatea FP.BX, a fund managed by U.S. asset manager Franklin Templeton BEN.N.
Fondul is the sole minority shareholder in the state company, with a 20% stake it values at 2.2 billion euros.
The initial public offering will carry a price range of 94 lei ($20.77) to 112 lei ($24.74) per share, ASF said, which would give the company a valuation of 42.3 billion lei ($9.34 billion) to 50.4 billion lei ($11.13 billion).
Depending on demand, the sale could go up to the full 19.94% Fondul holds in Hidroelectrica, the company said in a statement.
"The offer price and specific number of shares will be determined following the bookbuilding process and ... is expected to be announced around July 5," the statement from Hidroelectrica said.
"Three groups of Romanian institutional investors have agreed to be the main investors within the offer and have signed an investment agreement with the company, committing to buy shares worth a total of 2.24 billion lei ($494.74 million)."
While the Romanian government is not selling any shares, the listing is part of a deal struck with the European Union to receive post-pandemic recovery funds.
Hidroelectrica is Romania's biggest energy producer, accounting for a third of its electricity. Various state plans to list the company have been around for more than a decade.
($1 = 4.5276 lei)
(Reporting by Luiza Ilie in Bucharest Editing by Matthew Lewis)
((luiza.ilie@thomsonreuters.com; +4021 527 0312; https://www.reuters.com/journalists/luiza-ilie))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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Ocaperidone
Ocaperidone (R 79598) is a benzisoxazole antipsychotic. It was initially developed by Janssen, later licensed to French laboratory Neuro3D and then acquired in 2007 by German company Evotec. It was found to be more potent than risperidone in animal studies, but its testing was abandoned in 2010 after unfavorable results in human Phase II trials, as while it was effective at controlling symptoms of schizophrenia, ocaperidone produced an unacceptable amount of extrapyramidal side effects.
Synthesis
The last step requires attachment of the sidechain between 3-(2-bromoethyl)-2,9-dimethyl 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one, CID:18995805 (1) and 6-fluoro-3-(4-piperidinyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole [84163-77-9] (2) completing the convergent synthesis of Ocaperidone (3)..
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Page:2021 North Dakota Session Laws.pdf/999
e. An extended family member as defined by the law or custom of an Indian child's tribe.
'''SECTION 16. AMENDMENT.''' Paragraph 4 of subdivision n of subsection 2 of section 27-20.1-06 of the North Dakota Century Code is amended and reenacted as follows:
(4) The parent has deprived thea child in need of protection as that term is defined under section 27-20-0227-20.1-01;
'''SECTION 17. AMENDMENT.''' Subsection 1 of section 27-20.1-10 of the North Dakota Century Code is amended and reenacted as follows:
1. A hearing under this chapter must be conducted by the court without a jury, in an informal but orderly manner, and separately from other proceedings not included in section 27-20-0327-20.2-03 or section 27-20.1-02.
159 '''SECTION 18. AMENDMENT.''' Subdivision d of subsection 1 of section 27-20.1-11 of the North Dakota Century Code is amended and reenacted as follows:
d. The child is a deprived child in need of protection as defined under section 27-20-0227-20.1-01.
160 '''SECTION 19. AMENDMENT.''' Subsection 3 of section 27-20.1-11 of the North Dakota Century Code is amended and reenacted as follows:
3. The court may appoint a guardian as a dispositional alternative if a child has been adjudicated as depriveda child in need of protection, unruly, or delinquent under chapter 27-2027-20.2, 27-20.3, or 27-20.4.
'''SECTION 20. AMENDMENT.''' Subsection 2 of section 27-20.1-17 of the North Dakota Century Code is amended and reenacted as follows:
2. A guardian's authority and responsibility terminates upon the death, resignation, or removal of the guardian, or upon the child's death, adoption, marriage, or attainment of majority, but termination does not affect the guardian's liability for prior acts or the guardian's obligation to account for funds and assets of the child. For cases arising under section 27-20-30.127-20.3-16, the age of majority is age twenty-one.
'''SECTION 21. AMENDMENT.''' Section 27-20.1-22 of the North Dakota Century Code is amended and reenacted as follows:
27-20.1-22. Confidentiality.
Except as provided by section 27-20-5127-20.2-21, all files and records under this chapter are closed to the public and confidential.
SECTION 22. Chapter 27-20.2 of the North Dakota Century Code is created and enacted as follows:
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-- Brazil’s Real-Linked Bonds Climb as Bank Steps Up Rate Increases
Brazil ’s real-denominated global
bonds rallied after the central bank accelerated the pace of
interest-rate increases, a move that could stem a currency rout
that has eroded returns on the country’s debt. The yield on government bonds maturing in 2022 dropped nine
basis points, or 0.09 percentage point, to 7.18 percent at 4:06
p.m. in New York . The price climbed 67 centavos to 133.62 reais.
Markets are closed today in Sao Paulo for a holiday. “Given the surprise rate hike, a lot of people might be
expecting the real to rally tomorrow, so buying the bonds is a
way to bet on that move,” Tony Volpon , the head of research for
the Americas in New York at Nomura Holdings Inc., said in a
telephone interview. The central bank’s board voted unanimously last night to
raise the target lending rate by a half-percentage point to 8
percent to curb inflation, surprising 38 of 57 economists
surveyed by Bloomberg who had expected a second straight
increase of 25 basis points. The other 19 correctly forecast the
half-point increase. Policy makers raised their target lending rate last month
for the first time since July 2011, increasing it to 7.50
percent from a record low 7.25 percent. “We were all surprised, not just by the extent, but
because it was a unanimous decision,” Aryam Vazquez, a global
emerging-markets economist at Wells Fargo & Co . in New York,
said in a telephone interview. “You had a large selloff in the
real yesterday as well, so I think they’re concerned on multiple
fronts.” Declining Real The real plunged 1.7 percent yesterday to a five-month low
of 2.1106 per dollar as Finance Minister Guido Mantega said the
selloff isn’t a concern and that the government won’t use the
exchange rate as a tool to curb inflation. The currency has declined 5.2 percent in May, the worst
performance among 24 emerging-market currencies tracked by
Bloomberg after South Africa ’s rand amid signs of sluggish
growth and on concern the U.S. Federal Reserve will curtail a
stimulus program that has buoyed emerging-market assets. The
real has tumbled 2.8 percent this week in what would be its
fifth weekly decline. Mantega, speaking to reporters yesterday in Brasilia after
the government reported slower-than-forecast growth in the first
quarter, said a weaker real can boost exports. “Other tools exist to combat inflation,” Mantega said.
“This is an international shift, and there’s no reason we
should be different.” Inflation Record Since central bank President Alexandre Tombini took office
in January 2011, the annual rate of consumer price increases has
remained above the 4.5 percent midpoint of policy makers’ target
range of 2.5 percent to 6.5 percent. Yearly inflation
accelerated to 6.59 percent in March before easing to 6.49
percent last month. The Ibovespa benchmark stock index has declined 10 percent
this year, the worst performance among major emerging-market
stock gauges, amid concern quickening inflation is curbing the
economic recovery. Latin America ’s largest economy grew 1.9 percent in the
first quarter from a year earlier after expanding 1.4 percent in
the previous period, the national statistics agency reported
yesterday. The median forecast of analysts surveyed by Bloomberg
was for gross domestic product growth of 2.3 percent. Currency Outlook The half-point move “was kind of surprising, especially
after the GDP announcement,” Klaus Spielkamp, a fixed-income
trader at Bulltick Capital Markets, said by phone from Miami.
“They did the 50 basis points for two reasons: inflation, of
course, and the fact that the real is devaluing above 2.10. I
think they don’t want it too far from 2.” Nilson Teixeira, a research analyst at Credit Suisse Group
AG in Sao Paulo, said in a report published today that he
expects the central bank to raise the target lending rate by
another 75 basis points this year, with increases at the July
and August meetings. Capital Economics analyst Michael Henderson
in London said in a report that there’s a “significant
possibility” of a further rate increase at the next monetary
policy meeting in July, with the outlook becoming “far less
certain” beyond that. To contact the reporters on this story:
Katia Porzecanski in New York at
kporzecansk1@bloomberg.net ;
Julia Leite in New York at
jleite3@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
David Papadopoulos at
papadopoulos@bloomberg.net
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Page:Collected poems Robinson, Edwin Arlington.djvu/271
"Nor I," said Merlin. "Once I dreamed of it, But I was buried. I shall see no Grail, Nor would I have it otherwise. I saw Too much, and that was never good for man. The man who goes alone too far goes mad In one way or another. God knew best, And he knows what is coming yet for me. I do not ask. Like you, I have enough." That night King Arthur's apprehension found In Merlin an obscure and restive guest, Whose only thought was on the hour of dawn, When he should see the last of Camelot And ride again for Brittany; and what words Were said before the King was left alone Were only darker for reiteration. They parted, all provision made secure For Merlin's early convoy to the coast, And Arthur tramped the past. The loneliness Of kings, around him like the unseen dead, Lay everywhere; and he was loath to move, As if in fear to meet with his cold hand The touch of something colder. Then a whim, Begotten of intolerable doubt, Seized him and stung him until he was asking If any longer lived among his knights A man to trust as once he trusted all, And Lancelot more than all. "And it is he Who is to have me first," so Merlin says, "As if he had me not in hell already. Lancelot! Lancelot!" He cursed the tears That cooled his misery, and then he asked Himself again if he had one to trust Among his knights, till even Bedivere, Tor, Bors, and Percival, rough Lamorak,
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Talk:J. B. S. Jackson
Article for creation history
Evidently this article was proposed for creation on July 15, 2010? I don't know the significance of this. Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/John Barnard Swett Jackson --SumOfZed (talk) 17:45, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
Yes, the article was started, but needed some improvement (mainly neutral point of view and inline citations) and was never finished. You could have improved it yourself, but since you have made a new article, and we can't have two articles about the same topic, I have turned the old draft into a redirect John Barnard Swett Jackson. If you want to use any of the text, you can find it in the history of the redirect. By keeping the redirect, we can always see who the article's original author was. —Anne Delong (talk) 05:24, 28 February 2014 (UTC)
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Murphy SCOTT, Appellant-Defendant, v. STATE of Indiana, Appellee.
No. 35A05-0109-CR-395.
Court of Appeals of Indiana.
July 18, 2002.
Susan K. Carpenter, Public Defender of Indiana, David P. Freund, Deputy Public Defender, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellant.
Steve Carter, Attorney General of Indiana, Jodi Kathryn Stein, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellee.
OPINION
SULLIVAN, Judge.
Murphy Seott appeals his convictions for two counts of Child Molesting, as Class A felonies for deviate sexual conduct, and three counts of Child Molesting, as Class C felonies for fondling. He presents several issues for our review, which we restate as:
(1) whether the evidence was sufficient to sustain the convictions for Class A Child Molesting;
(2) whether the trial court erred in instructing the jury;
(3) whether his convictions constitute Double Jeopardy; and
(4) whether the trial court erred in sentencing. '
We affirm.
The facts most favorable to the judgment reveal that during 1999 and 2000, Scott's children, T.M.S. (a daughter born on June 4, 1989), K.L.S. (a daughter born on May 25, 1991), and M.S. (a son born on April 15, 1994), were living in a foster home. During this time, the children were having unsupervised overnight visitation with Seott. During one of these unsupervised visitations around Christmas of 1999, Scott locked himself in a bedroom with K.L.S. and put his hands and head down K.L.S.'s shirt and touched her breasts. Transeript at 31. KL.S. explained that she used the restroom with her "private." Seott ejaculated and rubbed the semen onto his chest.
On a second occasion, Seott again took K.L.S. into a bedroom. Tr. at 36. M.S. also testified that on one occasion, Seott put his hands down the front of M.S.'s pants and touched his private, which M.S. stated he used to go to the bathroom.
The jury found Scott guilty on all five counts of Child Molesting, and the trial court sentenced Seott to fifty (50) years on each of the two Class A felonies and ordered them to be served consecutively. The trial court also sentenced Seott to eight (8) years on each Class C felony and ordered the sentences to run concurrently to each other and to the sentences for the Class A felonies.
I
Sufficiency of the Evidence
Our standard of review for a sufficiency of the evidence claim is well settled. We will not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. VanMatre v. State, 714 N.E.2d 655, 657-658 (Ind.Ct.App.1999). We will consider only the evidence which supports the conviction and any reasonable inferences which the trier of fact may have drawn from the evidence. Id. at 657. We will affirm the conviction if there is substantial evidence of probative value from which a reasonable trier of fact could have drawn the conclusion that the defendant was guilty of the crime charged beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. at 658.
See 1.C. § 85-42-4-3(a). Ind.Code § 35-41-1-9 (Burns Code Ed. Repl.1998). Proof of the slightest penetration is sufficient to sustain convictions for child molesting. Spurlock v. State, 675 N.E.2d 312, 315 (Ind.1996). See Short v. State, 564 N.E.2d 553, 558 (Ind.Ct.App.1991). The unfamiliarity of a young victim with anatomical terms does not make her incompetent to testify when the facts are explained in simple or childlike language which the judge and jury can understand. Id. at 558-59. Also, a detailed anatomical description of penetration is unnecessary. Spurlock, 675 N.E.2d at 315.
Scott contends that the evidence presented by the State did not establish beyond a reasonable doubt that his finger penetrated K.L.S.'s "sex organ" for the purpose of establishing deviate sexual conduct. He directly attacks KL.S.'s characterization of the part of her body which was touched and penetrated, claiming that the manner in which she discussed the committed act did not clearly establish that her "sex organ" had been penetrated.
During direct examination of K.L.S., the following colloquy took place:
"Q When he put his hands down your pants[,] what part of your body did he touch then?
My private. >
& Your private. And so everybody is on the same page and we all know what you mean, what do you do with your private?
A Use the restroom.
Q [KL.S.], when your dad put his hands in your pants and touched your private, did he ever put anything in your private?
A Yes.
Q What?
A His finger." Tr. at 81-82.
Scott asserts that KL.S.'s claim, that the part of her body which was penetrated by his finger was the part of her body which she used to go to the restroom, precludes the jury from finding that he penetrated her "sex organ" with his finger. Seott claims that K.L.S.'s testimony implies that it was her urethra which was penetrated, and not her vagina. He also argues in his brief that the urethra is not considered a part of the female "sex organ." For support, he cites to Gray's Anatomy and several cases in which it was held that the testimony of the child did not support a conviction for child molesting because no penetration of the "sex organ" was proved. See, e.g., Spurlock, 675 N.E.2d at 315.
Seott correctly notes that "sex organ" is not defined by statute. However, case law has addressed the meaning of "sex organ" on several occasions. Of most direct import is the meaning which was given to "sex organ" by this court in Short In Short, this court held that in determining whether an individual had engaged in sexual intercourse for the purpose of establishing the crimes of child molesting and incest, it was not necessary to prove that the vagina was penetrated. 564 N.E.2d at 559. Rather, this court, relying in part upon the decisions of courts in other jurisdictions, determined that the penetration of the external genitalia was sufficient to sustain a conviction. Id. The female external genitalia is defined as "the vulva in the female." Stedman's Medical Dictionary 641 (25th ed. 1990). The vulva is defined as "the external genitalia of the female, comprised of ... the opening of the urethra and of the vagina" Id. at 1729-30. From this definition, it is clear that the opening to the urethra is located within the anatomy of a female which is referred to as the external genitalia. Therefore, any reference to the part of the female anatomy which is used to urinate also refers to the external genitalia, and consequently, to the "sex organ."
Applying the above definition to the testimony of K.L.S., the evidence is sufficient to sustain a conviction for child molesting based upon deviate sexual conduct. Upon testifying that Scott inserted his finger into her "private," and that she used her "private" to go to the restroom, K.L.S. provided information upon which the jury could determine that Scott had inserted his finger into her external genitalia. While Seott argues that this case is similar to Spurlock, he fails to recognize that the holding in Spurlock rested upon the determination that the victim did not testify that any penetration occurred, not that penetration occurred but in an anatomical part which was not part of the "sex organ." See 675 N.E.2d at 315. This evidence is sufficient to sustain a conviction for Child Molesting based upon deviate sexual conduct.
II
Jury Instructions
Instruction of the jury is left to the sound discretion of the trial court and we will not disturb the judgment of the trial court absent an abuse of discretion. Louallen v. State, 755 N.E.2d 672, 675 (Ind.Ct.App.2001). A party must object to an erroneous instruction before the jury retires for deliberations to preserve instructional error for review. Id. When the claimed error is the failure to give an instruction, a tendered instruction is necessary to preserve error. Scisney v. State, 701 N.E.2d 847, 848 n. 3 (Ind.1998).
To avoid waiver of an issue, a party may claim fundamental error. Louallen, 755 N.E.2d at 675. The fundamental error exception is extremely narrow. Mitchell v. State, 726 N.E.2d 1228, 1236 (Ind.2000), reh'g denied. To constitute fundamental error, an error must be so prejudicial to the rights of the defendant as to make a fair trial impossible. Id. "The error 'must constitute a blatant violation of basic principles, the harm or potential for harm must be substantial, and the resulting error must deny the defendant fundamental due process'" Id. (quoting Wilson v. State, 514 N.E.2d 282, 284 (Ind.1987)).
A. Instruction on Mens Rea
As this court held in Louallen, criminal intent is an element of child molesting. 755 N.E.2d at 676. We determined that the proper mens rea for the offense of child molesting is "intentionalty." 'Id. In Jaco v. As we noted," LC. § 85-42-4-3(b) explicitly requires that an individual commit the act of fondling or touching with the intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires. However, IC. § 35-42-4-8(a) does not contain such an explicit requirement. Jaco, 760 N.E.2d at 181.
Seott claims in his brief that the jury was not instructed that the State had to prove that he intentionally committed the act of deviate sexual conduct. Seott relies upon the use of "intentionally" to also argue that he did not have the intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires. Seott's argument seems to imply that intent constitutes only one element of this crime. However, for the purposes of proving child molesting by sexual intercourse or deviate sexual conduct, intent constitutes two separate, albeit related, elements of the crime of child molesting. See Louallen, 755 N.E.2d at 676.
The second intent element is that the intentional act was also done with the intent to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires of the child or the older person which is implicit in the term "sexual" used in the statute. As this court alluded to in Jaco, the necessity for the requirement of two intent elements can be illustrated by the example of a doctor performing a medical procedure. 760 N.E.2d at 181. Following the report of a rape, a female victim is likely to be taken to the hospital to have a rape kit administered. The individual administering the procedure may intentionally take a vaginal swab to recover evidence; however, there is no intent on the part of that individual to arouse or satisfy sexual desires. Were we to require only that the act be intentionally done, this individual could conceivably be guilty under the statute. Because such a result is not desirable or within the purpose of the statute, it is necessary that the State prove that an individual: (1) performed the act intentionally and (2) had the requisite intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires.
Based upon those requirements, we must determine whether the trial court properly instructed the jury regarding the intent element of child molesting in this case. Scott asserts that the trial court erred by failing to explicitly instruct the jury that the State was required to prove that he "intentionally" committed the acts as charged. He further contends that the trial court's reading during final instructions of the charging information, which stated that Seott "did knowingly or intentionally perform or submit to sexual intercourse or deviate sexual conduct," did not cure the defect and was also erroneous because it stated the incorrect mens rea requirement necessary to commit child molesting. Appellant's Brief at 23. Seott also argues that the trial court erred in failing to give an instruction on the definition of "intentionally," thereby preventing the jury from understanding the level of culpability required to convict.
We first note that Scott did not object to the instructions given. Seott also failed to propose an instruction which listed all of the elements the State was required to prove and did not propose an instruction on the definition of intentionally. Therefore, to prevail, Scott must demonstrate that fundamental error occurred.
The instructions listing the elements necessary to convict for child molesting included all five counts as set forth in the charging information. The instructions for Counts I and III, which were for the Class A felonies involving K.L.S., are identical in all respects except for a change in the dates upon which the acts occurred. The instruction for Count I stated:
"BETWEEN THE DATES OF DECEMBER 1, 1999 AND JANUARY 31, 2000, IN HUNTINGTON COUNTY, INDIANA, MURPHY SCOTT, A PERSON AT LEAST 21 YEARS OF AGE, DID KNOWINGLY OR INTENTIONALLY PERFORM OR- SUBMIT TO SEXUAL INTERCOURSE OR DEVIATE SEXUAL CONDUCT WITH A CHILD UNDER 14 YEARS OF AGE . ..." Appendix at 83.
The trial court also gave a second instruction respecting the elements of the crime, which included a verbatim reading of IC. § 85-424-8(a), the appropriate statutory language for Class A felony Child Molesting. (App. 86) The trial court also gave a separate instruction upon the intent element which stated, "The intent element of child molesting may be established by cireumstantial evidence and inferred from the actor's conduct and the natural and usual sequence to which such conduct usually points." App. at 90.
From a reading of these instructions, it is clear that the jury was informed that intent was required for a finding of guilt under the statute. Also, both this court and our Supreme Court have held that it is not fundamental error to give an instruction which does not include the mens rea element if the instruction does not eliminate or prohibit consideration of intent. Snider v. State, 468 N.E.2d 1037, 1039 (Ind.1984); Jaco, 760 N.E.2d at 181. Therefore, the sole concern is not whether the jury knew that intent was required, but rather, whether the jury knew the level of intent which was required and if any error rose to the level of fundamental error. ' From the use of this language, the jury should have recognized that any act performed by Seott must nee-essarily have been done in a sexual manner, ie. that Seott had an intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires in order for the jury to find the requisite level of intent in order to convict. That said, and although perhaps desirable, it is not necessary for the trial court to give an instruction upon the separate element of "intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires." The trial court need not repeat explicitly what is implicitly contained in the statutory language. Based upon the facts of this case, no fundamental error occurred from the trial court's failure to explicitly instruct the jury upon that single intent element.
While the use of both "knowingly or intentionally" in the jury instruction was improper, it does not rise to fundamental error in this case.
[22] Scott's claim that fundamental error occurred because the trial court did not instruct the jury on the meaning of "intentionally" must also fail. Scott correctly asserts that "intentionally" is a term of art, requiring the trial court to give an instruction on its definition. Abercrombie v. State, 478 N.E.2d 1236, 1239 (Ind.1985). However, just as in Abercrombie, the jury was aware of the state of mind required in order to enter a finding of guilt and Scott has not shown a special prejudicial effect from the failure to give the instruction. See 478 N.E.2d at 1239. The State's evidence at trial reflected that Seott had the intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires when he touched KL.S. Also, an instruction on the definition of "intentionally" would not have aided the jury in determining that Scott intentionally inserted his finger into K.L.S.'s external genitalia. See McIntosh v. State, 638 N.E.2d 1269 (Ind.Ct.App.1994), trans. denied.
B. Instruction on Use of Testimony of Victim
Scott also challenges the trial court's giving of jury instruction 18. Instruction 18 stated, "You may convict the Defendant upon the uncorroborated testimony of the vietim." App. at 100. Following the submission of instructions by the State to the trial court, Seott filed a Motion and Memorandum objecting to the giving of this instruction. Seott's counsel renewed his objection at trial, preserving it for our review. Scott asserts that the instruction is improper because it singles out the testimony of a particular witness, instructs the jury concerning the appellate standard of review which is inappropriate for jury consideration, and refers to the State's witness as the victim.
Seott notes that similar instructions have been upheld by this court and by our Supreme Court. See Burnett v. State, 736 N.E.2d 259 (Ind.2000); Madden v. State, 549 N.E.2d 1030 (Ind.1990); Hicks v. State, 536 N.E.2d 496 (Ind.1989); Lottie v. State, 273 Ind. 529, 406 N.E.2d 632 (1980); Butcher v. State, 627 N.E.2d 855 (Ind.Ct.App.1994). However, he asks us to carefully reconsider the propriety. of giving this instruction because it is "so out-of-step with the rest of the Supreme Court's jurisprudence concerning instructions that refer only to the testimony of a single witness and tell the jury what weight to give to that witness' testimony." Appellant's Reply Brief at 14.
For support of his contentions, Scott directs us to Myers v. State, 510 N.E.2d 1360 (Ind.1987), for the proposition that an instruction is not automatically proper just because it contains a correct statement of the law. See also Jacks v. State, 271 Ind. 611, 394 N.E.2d 166 (1979). Scott also draws our attention to several cases which state that instructions which direct the jury to give special scrutiny and attention to the testimony of a particular witness should not be given. See, e.g., Dill v. State, 741 N.E.2d 1230 (Ind.2001); Pope v. State, 737 N.E.2d 374 (Ind.2000), reh'g denied. These cases, and others upon which Seott relies, do tend to show that an instruction. which states that the jury may convict based upon the uncorroborated testimony of a vietim or a witness is improper.
Indeed, in Carie v. State, 761 N.E.2d 385 (Ind.2002), our Supreme Court denied transfer in a per curiam opinion. However, Justice Dickson dissented from the denial of transfer upon the issue of whether it was proper for a trial court to give a Jury instruction nearly identical to the instruction given in this case. As Justice Dickson wrote,
"A majority of my colleagues have decided to deny transfer in this case. There is a significant variance between the trial objection and the issues raised on appeal. Notwithstanding this concern, I would grant transfer to enable this Court to express its disapproval of the future use of such an instruction." Carie, Id. at 385 (Dickson, J. dissenting).
Justice Dickson then addressed in great detail the same arguments which Scott presented upon appeal in this case. Id. at 385-86. While Justice Dickson noted that the Supreme Court had allowed similar instructions to survive appellate review in the past, he concluded that he. believed that the Court would not find such decisions to be controlling precedent in the future and would find the giving of such an instruction improper. Id. at 386-87. Justice Dickson's dissent seems to be a warning of an impending change in the use of a jury instruction like the one that Scott here challenges.
It is Justice Dickson's view that the instruction given by the trial court no longer seems proper in light of the other cited decisions. The instruction given in this case clearly seems to be "out-of-step" with what is now deemed appropriate for jury instructions. However, as the offensive instruction has been approved by our Supreme Court in the past, this court can do no more than state our reservation as to its use. See Computer Co., Inc. v. Davidson Industries, Inc., 623 N.E.2d 1075, 1079 (Ind.Ct.App.1993) (stating that the Court of Appeals is bound to follow the precedents established by the Supreme Court). See also Ind. Appellate Rule 65(A) (stating that the Court of Appeals may publish opinions which criticize existing law).
However, even if this instruction is later found to be improper, its use in this case was harmless. Errors in the giving of instructions are harmless if a conviction is clearly sustained by the evidence presented at trial and the jury could not have found otherwise. Dill, 741 N.E.2d at 1233. "An instruction error will result in reversal when the reviewing court 'cannot say with complete confidence' that a reasonable jury would have rendered a guilty verdiet had the instruction not been given." Id. (quoting White v. State, 675 N.E.2d 345, 349 (Ind.Ct.App.1996), trans. denied ).
The testimony presented by K.L.S. was compelling and provided in-depth detail of the events which took place between her and her father. TM.S. testified that, upon one of the occasions in which the alleged acts occurred, Seott had taken K.L.S. into a bedroom and locked the door. T.M.S. also stated that when she tried to get into the room, Seott told her to move away from the door. There was also testimony presented by other witnesses which supported the testimony of K.L.S., including the playing of the cassette upon which Scott told Detective Hochstetler that he had accidentally brushed his hand across K.L.S. and felt her "vagina." Tr. at 107. Based upon the evidence, a reasonable jury could have concluded that Scott intentionally committed the acts in question with the intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires. Therefore, any potential error in instructing the jury was harmless.
III
Double Jeopardy
Scott claims that his convictions constitute double jeopardy because there is a reasonable possibility that the jury used the same evidentiary facts to establish the essential elements of the Class A offense in Count I and the Class C offense in Count II. Likewise, he makes the same claim for the Class A offense in Count III and the Class C offense in Count IV. Seott does not assert that the Double Jeopardy Clause was violated under the statutory elements test, but only under the actual evidence test.
In a challenge under the actual evidence test, the appellant must demonstrate a reasonable possibility that the evi-dentiary facts used by the fact-finder to establish essential elements of one offense may have also been used to establish the essential elements of a second challenged offense. Spivey v. State, 761 N.E.2d 831, 832 (Ind.2002); Richardson v. State, 717 N.E.2d 32, 53 (Ind.1999); Alexander v. State, 768 N.E.2d 971 (Ind.Ct.App.2002). In applying the actual evidence test, the reviewing court must identify the essential elements of each offense and evaluate the evidence from the jury's perspective. Spivey, 761 N.E.2d at 832. In our review, we consider the jury instructions where relevant, the arguments of counsel, and other factors which may have guided the jury's determination. Id.
The Class A felony required proof that Seott inserted his finger into the external genitalia of K.L.S. in order for the jury to find that he committed deviate sexual conduct. See I.C. § 35-42-4-3(a); I1.C. § 35-41-1-9. The Class C felony required that the jury find that Scott had fondled or touched either K.L.S. or himself. I.C. § 35-42-4-3(b). In this case, there is no possibility that the jury relied upon the same evidence to establish the separate convictions for either of the two different episodes in which the molestation took place. In both instances, K.L.S. testified that Scott put his hands down her shirt and touched her breasts. This evidence established the essential elements of the Class C felonies. K.L.S. also testified that Scott put his hands down her pants and inserted his finger into her "private." This evidence established the act of deviate sexual conduct on both cccasions which resulted in the convictions for the Class A felonies. Given this evidence, the constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy was not violated.
However, Scott also claims that we should apply a body of case law which is separate from the constitutional double jeopardy protections. In Pierce v. State, 761 N.E.2d 826, 830 (Ind.2002), after determining that the Richardson double jeopardy test was not violated, our Supreme Court, in a unanimous opinion, noted that our courts "have long adhered to a series of rules of statutory construction and common law that are often described as double jeopardy, but are not governed by the constitutional test set forth in Rick-ardson." Our Supreme Court then determined that Pierce's convictions violated the double jeopardy provisions which were in place before Richardson. Pierce, 761 N.E.2d at 830. Scott asks that we too apply the rules of statutory construction and common law which were in place before Richardson and determine that his convictions violate those prior prohibitions against double jeopardy.
Scott relies upon Watkins v. State, 575 N.E.2d 624 (Ind.1991) (per curiam), Bowling v. State, 560 N.E.2d 658 (Ind.1990), and Ellis v. State, 528 N.E.2d 60 (Ind.1988) to support his contention that his convictions violate the pre-Richardson double jeopardy provisions. While Scott's argument may have merit under this line of cases, this court cannot address his contention under those cases. In Richardson, our Supreme Court explicitly stated that Ellis was superseded. 717 N.E.2d at 49. The holdings in both Watkins and Bowling were based upon the Supreme Court's prior decision in Ellis. Therefore, any "precedent" which may have existed to support Seott's contention is no longer controlling. While it does appear that our Supreme Court is willing to review double jeopardy claims under the rules of statutory construction and common law which were applicable before Richardson, this court does not have that ability regarding Scott's claim of double jeopardy. Absent some guidance from our Supreme Court in which it authorizes review of double jeopardy claims following multiple convictions for child molesting utilizing an analysis outside of the constitutional protections provided by Richardson, we may apply only the constitutional tests.
IV
Length of Sentences Imposed
Scott challenges the sentences received requiring him to serve the maximum aggregate term of 100 years for his convictions. He asserts that the trial court applied improper aggravating circumstances when it relied upon the age of the victims and the need for correctional and rehabilitative treatment. He also asserts that the sentence is manifestly unreasonable.
A. Improper Aggravating Circumstances
Sentencing lies within the discretion of the trial court. Louallen v. State, supra, 755 N.E.2d 672, 677 (Ind.Ct.App.2001). We review the trial court's sentencing decision for an abuse of disceretion. Id. The trial court must articulate the reasons for deviating from the presumptive sentence. Jones v. State, 698 N.E.2d 289, 290 (Ind.1998). We examine the record to ensure that the trial court explained its reasons for selecting the sentence it imposed when the trial court imposes a sentence other than the presumptive sentence. Walter v. State, 727 N.E.2d 443, 446 (Ind.2000).
When a trial court enhances a sentence by stating that an individual is in need of correctional or rehabilitative treatment at a penal facility, the trial court must give specific and individualized reasons why the defendant is in need of correctional treatment for a period in excess of the presumptive sentence. Louallen, 755 N.E.2d at 677-78. We agree that no reasons were given for the enhancement of the sentence upon this ground, and therefore, the trial court improperly relied upon it as an aggravator.
Scott also claims that the trial court erred in utilizing the age of the victims as an aggravator in this case. A fact which comprises a material element of a crime may not also be used as an aggravating cireurstance to support an enhanced sentence. Stewart v. State, 531 N.E.2d 1146 (Ind.1988). However, in Stewart, our Supreme Court also noted that the particularized circumstances of the factual elements of the crime may be used as aggravating circumstances. 531 N.E.2d at 1150. The Supreme Court then held that the trial court properly utilized the age of the victim in a child molesting case as a proper aggravating circumstance, in addition to other aggravating circumstances, when the trial court considered that the victim was of "tender age." Id. In Buchanan v. State, 767 N.E.2d 967 (Ind.2002), our Supreme Court considered the propriety of a trial court utilizing the age of the victim of the crime of child molesting in imposing a sentence. The Supreme Court noted that Ind.Code § 85-88-1-7.1(a)(4) (Burns Code Ed. Supp.2001) designates that the trial court consider whether the victim was less than twelve years of age. Buchanan, 767 N.E.2d at 971. Our Supreme Court went on to note that the aggravator considered by the trial court was not only that the child was under twelve years of age, but that the victim was five, a particularly tender age, and that there was a significant difference between the age of the victim and the perpetrator of the crime. Id.
For the crime of child molesting, I.C. § 35-42-4-8 requires that the victim be a child under fourteen (14) years of age. Because the age of the victim is a material element of the crime, the trial court erred in utilizing the ages of K.L.S. and M.S. as aggravators unless the trial court considered the particularized circumstances which related to the age of the victims. Here, there is no indication that the trial court considered any facts other than the age of the victims in including this as an aggravator. Had the trial court considered the age of the victims by noting that the children were of particularly tender years, or considered their age in how it may have affected other factors, it may not have been inappropriate. See Buchanan, 767 N.E.2d at 971.
While the trial court may have erred in applying the previously discussed aggravating factors, the enhancement of a sentence may be sustained by a single aggravating circumstance. See Stewart, 531 N.E.2d at 1150. The trial court listed several other factors which it utilized as aggravators in enhancing Seott's sentence, including his violation of probation, his history of criminal activity, the nature and cireumstances of the crime, and the violation of trust of his own children. These remaining factors are sufficient for the sentence enhancements.
B. Manifestly Unreasonable Sentence
"Although a trial court may have acted within its lawful discretion in determining a sentence, Article 7, § 4 of the Indiana Constitution authorizes independent appellate review and revision of a sentence imposed by the trial court." Buchanan, 767 N.E.2d at 972. A sentence which is authorized by statute will not be revised unless it is manifestly unreasonable in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender. King v. State, 769 N.E.2d 239 (Ind.Ct.App.2002); Louallen, 755 N.E.2d at 678; Ind. Appellate Rule 7(B). The maximum sentence enhancement permitted by law should be reserved for the very worst offenses and offenders. Brown v. State, 760 N.E.2d 243, 245 (Ind.Ct.App.2002), trans. denied. However, in determining whether a defendant is among the very worst offenders, we should concentrate less on comparing the facts of this case to others, whether real or hypothetical, and focus more upon the nature, extent, and depravity of the offense for which the defendant is being sentenced and what it reveals about that individual's character. Id. at 247.
When considering the appropriateness of the sentence for the crime committed, courts should initially focus upon the presumptive sentence. Hildebrandt v. State, 770 N.E.2d 355 (Ind.Ct.App.2002). Then, trial courts may consider deviation from the presumptive sentence based upon a balancing of the factors which must be considered pursuant to I.C. § 35-388-1-7.1(a) together with any discretionary aggravating and mitigating factors found to exist. Id.
The presumptive sentence for a Class A felony is thirty (80) years, with the allowance of an additional twenty (20) years for aggravating circumstances. Ind.Code § 35-50-2-4 (Burns Code Ed. Repl.1998). Here, Scott was given the maximum fifty (50) year term for each Class A felony conviction and was ordered to serve them consecutively.
Seott contends that he is not among the very worst offenders, does not have a history of criminal activity, and that the molestation did not result in physical harm or harm that is more egregious than that suffered by other victims of similar offenses. Based upon the facts, we cannot fully agree with his assertions. At the time that Scott committed the acts of molestation, he was serving probation for a felony drug offense. And while there may not have been physical harm to the children, the trial court did focus on the amount of emotional and mental harm visited upon these particular children because their father molested them. The judge stated that he "wonder[ed] if they will ever be able to overcome the effects of the actions of this man." Transeript of Sentencing Hearing at 8. While it is not clear to us upon review just how significant the mental and emotional harm was to the children as a result of the acts of molestation committed upon them by their father, the harm was evidently great as the trial court focused on it during sentencing, and the State focused on the harm in its statement to the court at sentencing.
Seott asserts that the facts of this case are similar to that of Walker v. State, 747 N.E.2d 536 (Ind.2001), in which our Supreme Court held that the an aggregate sentence of eighty years following convie-tions on two counts of child molesting as Class A felonies was manifestly unreasonable. The Court ordered the two forty-year sentences to be served concurrently. Scott correctly notes the similarities in Walker and this case. In both cases, the perpetrator was on probation when the crimes of molestation occurred. In both cases, the convictions for the Class A felonies were based upon two separate counts of child molestation which were identical and involved the same child. The final similarity is the lack of physical injury in both cases.
However, as stated in Brown, in reviewing whether a sentence is manifestly unreasonable, we are to focus less on how this crime compares to other crimes of a similar nature, and instead, focus on what the crime reveals about the defendant's character. And instead of focusing just on the similarities between this case and Walker, as Seott did, we must also look to the differences. In looking at this crime, we have a father, who has not been active in his children's lives as they have been living in foster care, attempting to make a new start and get his family back together. However, while given the opportunity to make this attempt and have overnight visitation with his children, Scott molested two of his children. The acts were not committed once, or only upon one child. Rather, Seott molested his eight-year-old daughter on two separate occasions. On another occasion, Seott molested his five-year-old son. While molesting K.L.S., Seott told her that she was pretty, that he loved her, and that he wished he was married to her.
While the aggregate term of one hundred years is harsh, it is a punishment that fits the crime in this case. Scott is not an individual that made a single mistake. Seott is an individual that preyed upon his own children when they would have overnight visitation with him. In an interview with Detective Hochstetler, Seott attempted to explain his touching of K.L.S. on one occasion as an accident and to place the blame on KL.S. He was not a man who was remorseful for his crime or admitted to his problem and was seeking help. Seott had previous run-ins with the law and was on probation for a drug offense. Finally, we must recognize the violation of trust between Seott and his children and the amount of emotional and psychological harm which was placed upon these children. In light of the nature of these episodes of child molesting and the character of Seott, we cannot say that his sentence was manifestly unreasonable.
We also hold that the trial court did not commit fundamental error in instructing the jury. Seott's convictions for Class A and Class C child molesting do not violate constitutional double jeopardy prohibitions. Finally, while the trial court relied upon two improper aggravating cireumstances, the remaining aggravating cireumstances were properly applied and Seott's sentence for the Class A felonies was not manifestly unreasonable.
The judgment is affirmed.
BAKER, J., concurs.
DARDEN, J., concurs in result.
. Ind.Code § 35-42-4-3(a) (Burns Code Ed. Repl.1998).
. LC. § 35-42-4-3(b).
. The offense involved in Loualien was that of fondling as defined in I.C. § 35-42-4-3(b).
. However, we recognize the benefit of explicitly instructing the jury on this intent element.
. M.S. also testified that he witnessed some of 'the "bad touching" which took place as to K.L.S. However, his testimony lacked detail and did not support the convictions for the Class A felonies.
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CASELAW
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Kiran Juneja
Kiran Juneja is an Indian actress who works in Hindi cinema.
Personal life
She is second wife of filmmaker Ramesh Sippy. She hails from Punjabi Bagh area of New Delhi, India and her father was a doctor.
Career
In 1984, she started her acting career by signing an Indo-Italian co-production film called Shaheen as the leading lady, followed by a serial called Paying Guest for Rajshree Films and Wah Janaab opposite Shekhar Suman. She went on to act in several serials such as Ye Jo Hai Zindagi, Kismat, Junoon, Siddhi, Barsaat(1995), Banjara Guest House, Mouth Full of Sky, Waqt Ki Raftar, Swabhimaan, Gaatha, Palchin, Tere Ghar Ke Saamne with Raju Kher, Commander, Colonel, Tere Mere Sapne, Suraag, Kuch Love Kuch Masti, Koi Dil Me Hai and Sindoor Tere Naam Ka.
She is best known for her role of Ganga in Mahabharat and Veerawali in Buniyaad.
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WIKI
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Opamyrma
Opamyrma hungvuong is a species of ant found in central Vietnam, first described in 2008. It is the only species in the genus Opamyrma. While originally classified in the subfamily Amblyoponinae, it is presently considered to belong to the subfamily Leptanillinae.
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Page:The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (emended first edition), Volume 3.djvu/263
Rh upon himself, and but too well deserved them all), and a profound sympathy for her own afflictions, and deep anxiety for the consequences of those harassing cares, those dreadful vigils, that incessant and deleterious confinement besides a living corpse—for I was persuaded she had not hinted half the sufferings she had had to endure.
"You will go to her, Lawrence?" said I, as I put the letter into his hand.
"Yes, immediately."
"That's right! I'll leave you, then, to prepare for your departure."
"I've done that, already, while you were reading the letter, and before you came; and the carriage is now coming round to the door."
Inly approving his promptitude, I bade him good morning, and withdrew. He gave me a searching glance as we pressed each other's hands at parting; but whatever he sought in my countenance, he saw there nothing but the most becoming gravity, it might
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You can use VLC to play a DVD on your MacBook Air via Remote Disc.
1. Launch VLC and go to "File" and choose "Open Disc".
2. Check the box next to "DVD".
3. Choose "File" in the tab menu in this window next to "Disc".
4. Check the "Treat as a pipe rather than as a file" box.
5. Click the "Browse" button and navigate to your Remote Disc DVD and press "Open" when you see the Video_TS and Audio_TS folders.
6. Click the blue "Open" button at the bottom of the window.
7. Enjoy your DVD!
There were some pauses (I was playing off an old G4 laptop) but it never lost sync.
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