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Sergey Lopatin (weightlifter, born 1939)
Sergey Evgenyevich Lopatin (Сергей Евгеньевич Лопатин; 19 March 1939 – 17 January 2004) was a Russian lightweight weightlifter. Trained by his father, Olympic weightlifter Yevgeny Lopatin, he won silver medals at the world and European championships in 1961. Between 1961 and 1966, he set 11 ratified world records: six in the press, three in the snatch and two in the total. He won the Soviet title in 1961 and 1965. | WIKI |
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(in-package :shape-board)
(defclass shape-board (basic-board)
((shape-board
:initform nil
:accessor shape-board)
(shape-sizes
:initform nil
:accessor shape-sizes)
(shapes-points
:initform nil
:accessor shapes-points)
(next-shape-id
:initform 0
:accessor next-shape-id)))
(defmethod initialize-instance :after ((board shape-board) &key from-board)
(if (eql from-board nil)
(progn
(setf (shape-board board) (make-2d-board (boardsize board) nil))
(setf (shape-sizes board) (make-array 1 :fill-pointer 0 :adjustable t))
(setf (shapes-points board) (make-array 1 :fill-pointer 0 :adjustable t)))
(progn
(setf (shape-board board) (copy-2d-board (shape-board from-board)))
(setf (shape-sizes board) (copy-array (shape-sizes from-board)))
(setf (shapes-points board) (copy-2d-array (shapes-points from-board)))
(copy-slots (next-shape-id) board from-board))))
(defmacro shape-id (board coords)
`(get-2d-stone (shape-board ,board) ,coords))
(defun add-shape (board coords)
(set-2d-stone (shape-board board) coords (next-shape-id board))
(vector-push-extend 1 (shape-sizes board))
(vector-push-extend (make-array 1 :fill-pointer 0 :adjustable t) (shapes-points board))
(vector-push-extend coords (aref (shapes-points board) (next-shape-id board)))
(incf (next-shape-id board)))
(defun add-to-shape (board coords shape-id)
(set-2d-stone (shape-board board) coords shape-id)
(vector-push-extend coords (aref (shapes-points board) shape-id))
(incf (aref (shape-sizes board) shape-id)))
(defmacro shape-size (board shape-id)
`(aref (shape-sizes ,board) ,shape-id))
(defgeneric convert-shape (board shape-id to-id))
(defmethod convert-shape ((board shape-board) shape-id to-id)
; (format t "convert-shape ~a to ~a~%" shape-id to-id)
(loop for index from 0 to (1- (length (aref (shapes-points board) shape-id))) do
(add-to-shape board (aref (aref (shapes-points board) shape-id) index ) to-id))
(setf (aref (shapes-points board) shape-id) (make-array 1 :fill-pointer 0 :adjustable t))
(setf (aref (shape-sizes board) shape-id) 0))
(defgeneric join-shapes (board nexus shapes-list))
(defmethod join-shapes ((board shape-board) nexus shapes-list)
(let ((biggest-shape (first shapes-list)))
(loop for shape-id in shapes-list do
(if (> (shape-size board shape-id) (shape-size board biggest-shape))
(setf biggest-shape shape-id)))
(loop for shape-id in shapes-list do
(if (not (= shape-id biggest-shape))
(convert-shape board shape-id biggest-shape)))
(add-to-shape board nexus biggest-shape)))
(defmethod set-stone :after ((board shape-board) coords val)
(let ((alist nil))
(do-over-adjacent (coords-var board coords)
(if (eql val (get-stone board coords-var))
(push (get-2d-stone (shape-board board) coords-var) alist)))
(if (eql alist nil)
(add-shape board coords)
(if (eql (cdr alist) nil) ; one item
(add-to-shape board coords (car alist))
(join-shapes board coords alist)))))
;(defun shape-to-analyze ())
(defmethod remove-stone :after ((board shape-board) coords)
(pdebug "shape-board:remove-stone ~a~%" coords)
(set-2d-stone (shape-board board) coords nil))
(defgeneric remove-shape (board sid))
(defmethod remove-shape ((board shape-board) sid)
(pdebug "shape-board:remove-shape ~a~%" sid)
(let ((stones (aref (shapes-points board) sid)))
(loop for index from 0 to (1- (length stones)) do
(progn (pdebug "removing stone ~a~%" (aref stones index))
(remove-stone board (aref stones index)))))
(pdebug "shape-sizes to 0~%")
(setf (aref (shape-sizes board) sid) 0)
(pdebug "shape-points to nil~%")
(setf (aref (shapes-points board) sid) (make-array 1 :fill-pointer 0 :adjustable t))
(pdebug "remove-shape done~%"))
(defun shapes-to-analyze (board)
(concatenate 'string (board-to-analyze (shape-board board))
'(#\newline) " TEXT next-shape-id: " (write-to-string (next-shape-id board)) " length(shapes-points): " (write-to-string (length (shapes-points board))))) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Farid Wajdi
Farid Wajdi is a member and current spokesperson for the Judicial Commission of Indonesia. Wajdi has publicly pushed for greater checks and balances on the Judiciary of Indonesia. | WIKI |
Acacias-Embajadores (Madrid Metro)
Acacias-Embajadores is a station on the Madrid Metro. Line 3 serves Embajadores (named for the Calle de Embajadores, "Ambassadors' Street") whilst Line 5 serves Acacias (named for the Paseo de las Acacias, "Acacia Walk"). It is located in fare Zone A. The station offers connection to Cercanías Madrid via Embajadores railway station. | WIKI |
Detailed Characterization of a Nanosecond-Lived Excited State: X-ray and Theoretical Investigation of the Quintet State in Photoexcited [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+)
Gyoergy Vanko, Amelie Bordage, Mátyás Imre Pápai, Kristoffer Haldrup, Pieter Gatzel, Anne Marie March, Gilles Doumy, Alexander Britz, Andreas Galler, Tadesse Assefa, Delphine Cabaret, Amelie Juhin, Tim Brandt van Driel, Kasper Skov Kjær, Asmus Ougaard Dohn, Klaus Braagaard Møller, Henrik Till Lemke, Erik Gallo, Mauro Rovezzi, Zoltan NemethEmese Rozsalyi, Tams Rozgonyi, Jens Uhlig, Villy Sundstrom, Martin Meedom Nielsen, Linda Young, Stephen H. Southworth, Christian Bressler, Wojciech Gawelda
Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review
2611 Downloads (Pure)
Abstract
Theoretical predictions show that depending on the populations of the Fe 3d(xy), 3d(xz), and 3d(yz) orbitals two possible quintet states can exist for the high-spin state of the photoswitchable model system [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+). The differences in the structure and molecular properties of these B-5(2) and E-5 quintets are very small and pose a substantial challenge for experiments to resolve them. Yet for a better understanding of the physics of this system, which can lead to the design of novel molecules with enhanced photoswitching performance, it is vital to determine which high-spin state is reached in the transitions that follow the light excitation. The quintet state can be prepared with a short laser pulse and can be studied with cutting-edge time-resolved X-ray techniques. Here we report on the application of an extended set of X-ray spectroscopy and scattering techniques applied to investigate the quintet state of [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+) 80 ps after light excitation. High-quality X-ray absorption, nonresonant emission, and resonant emission spectra as well as X-ray diffuse scattering data clearly reflect the formation of the high-spin state of the [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+) molecule; moreover, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy resolves the Fe-ligand bond-length variations with unprecedented bond-length accuracy in time-resolved experiments. With ab initio calculations we determine why, in contrast to most related systems, one configurational mode is insufficient for the description of the low-spin (LS)-high-spin (HS) transition. We identify the electronic structure origin of the differences between the two possible quintet modes, and finally, we unambiguously identify the formed quintet state as 5E, in agreement with our theoretical expectations.
Original languageEnglish
JournalThe Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C
Volume119
Issue number11
Pages (from-to)5888-5902
ISSN1932-7447
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2015
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Detailed Characterization of a Nanosecond-Lived Excited State: X-ray and Theoretical Investigation of the Quintet State in Photoexcited [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+)'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Mark Twain (film)
Mark Twain is a documentary film on the life of Mark Twain, also known as Samuel Clemens, produced by Ken Burns in 2001 which aired on Public Broadcasting System on January 14 and 15, 2002. Burns attempted to capture both the public and private persona of Mark Twain from his birth to his death. The film was narrated by Keith David.
Voice actors and subject interviews
The voice of Mark Twain was provided by Kevin Conway and the voice of Olivia Langdon Clemens was portrayed by Blythe Danner. Other voice work was provided by actors Philip Bosco, Carolyn McCormick, Amy Madigan, Cynthia Nixon, and Tim Clark. The film also includes interviews with playwright Arthur Miller, novelist and Twain biographer Ron Powers, writer William Styron, poet Russell Banks, historian John Boyer (executive director of the Mark Twain House), Harvard University professor Jocelyn Chadwick, Stanford University English literature professor Shelley Fisher Fishkin, comedian and civil rights activist Dick Gregory, actor Hal Holbrook, animator and actor Chuck Jones, and Mark Twain scholar Laura Skandera Trombley.
Critical assessment
Mark Twain Legacy Scholar Barbara Schmidt asserts on her website twainquotes.com that some artistic license was taken, resulting in some historical inaccuracies and misrepresentations. She also notes, that some of these errors are the result of the Twain scholarship at time the documentary was made, and that more recent scholarship has revealed some of the factual errors that are in the documentary. Schmidt's website twainquotes.com is widely cited in academic publications on Twain and is highly regarded as an authoritative resource within Twain research.
Film critic Caryn James wrote the following in her review in The New York Times: "'No writer was ever more sardonic about American culture than Twain, and no filmmaker is more earnest than Ken Burns. In Mark Twain that makes for a maddening collision between Twain's ironic sensibility and Mr. Burns's familiar, sentimental style. Twain is forced into the Burns cookie cutter here, complete with the unironic sound of Sweet Betsy from Pike, fiddled relentlessly in the background.'" | WIKI |
Ralph Citarella
Ralph Alexander Citarella (born February 7, 1958) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. The right-hander was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1st round (12th pick) of the 1979 amateur draft (secondary phase), and he played for the Cardinals (1983–1984) and Chicago White Sox (1987).
On September 13, 1983, Citarella made his major league debut in relief at Three Rivers Stadium. He struck out the first batter he faced, catcher Tony Peña, in the 7th inning. In 1.2 innings that night he gave up one hit (a double to Johnny Ray) and one earned run, and the Cards lost, 6–0.
Citarella was successful in his two short stints with St. Louis, posting ERAs of 1.64 and 3.63, but didn't fare as well with the White Sox in 1987. In five appearances, he gave up nine earned runs in eleven innings, including four home runs. He retired in 1988 due to being bounced around in the minors.
In 3 seasons he appeared in a total of 21 games and had a 0–1 record, 2 starts, 0 complete games, and 6 games finished. In 44.1 innings pitched he gave up 20 earned runs for an ERA of 4.06, and had a strikeout-to-walk ratio of 2-to-1. (28 strikeouts and 14 walks)
Citarella made his first ever MLB start on June 23, 1984, a nationally televised NBC Game of the Week at Wrigley Field versus the Chicago Cubs. The high- scoring extra inning affair came to be known as "The Sandberg Game,' who homered twice to tie the game late against Bruce Sutter.
In 2006, Ralph Citarella became the Athletic Relations Liaison for the Habana Joe Trading Company, for its Dock to Dine Men's clothing line. From 2012 to 2013, Citarella served as the pitching coach for the New Jersey based Newark Bears of the independent Can-Am League. | WIKI |
Pontyclun
Pontyclun (or Pont-y-clun) is a village and community located in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales.
Pontyclun translates from the Welsh language as 'bridge [over] the River Clun', the Clun being a tributary of the River Ely that runs through Pontyclun. A bridge crosses the Afon Clun just above its confluence with the Ely.
The village is served by Pontyclun railway station on the South Wales Main Line. It has its own local rugby club.
The village falls under the remit of Pontyclun Community Council, which represents the communities of Brynsadler, Castell y Mwnws, Groes-faen, Miskin, Mwyndy, Pontyclun, Talygarn, and Ynysddu
History
The influx of workers for the iron ore and coal mining industries, and the coming of the South Wales Railway in 1851, changed Pontyclun from a 20 acre farm with just four to five households into a burgeoning Victorian industrial town. The Coedcae Colliery (first listed in 1856) and the Bute iron ore mine (which opened in October 1852) caused the population growth. By 1871, the census returns record an influx of Cornish miners who had suffered from the collapse of the copper mining industry in Cornwall. By 1870 the industries of the area had been expanded by the coming of the Ely Tin Plate Works, The Pipe Works and The Steam Joinery Company.
Administration
The Community Council was formed in 1985 and consists of eleven elected Community Councillors who are all residents of the area. They act on behalf of local people to try and preserve the best aspects of the villages, while also encouraging and supporting developments that will benefit the whole community and ensure that it will continue to thrive. The Community Council monitors all local planning applications and, where appropriate, suggests amendments or submits written objections. Pontyclun
Electoral ward
Pont-y-clun was an electoral ward to Mid Glamorgan County Council electing one county councillor from 1989 and 1993 elections, subsequently (from 1995) becoming a ward to Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council, electing two councillors.
Religion
Bethel Baptist Chapel was built circa 1876. Bethel relocated to Bethel Baptist Church Centre on Heol Miskin in 1993. Cwrt Bethel is on the site of the old chapel. St Paul's church, Pontyclun was erected in 1895 as a district church within the Anglican parish of Llantrisant. In 1924, the new parish of Pontyclun and Talygarn was constituted from the parish of Llantrisant. Bethel Baptist Church, Hope Presbyterian Church and St Paul's Church are still active places of worship.
Schools & education
The village is served by Y Pant School, a secondary school with about 1,150 pupils, situated in the village of Talbot Green. In 2000 it was ranked 49th in Wales in terms of its GCSE results (based on 5 GCSEs, grades A-C). Since then, exam results have improved dramatically and according to the latest inspection report from Estyn, the school now has a pass rate of 72% which means it is in equal 19th place in Wales, or in the top 10%. It is also the best performing secondary school in Rhondda Cynon Taf, just ahead of St. John the Baptist School (Aberdare). The village also houses Pontyclun Primary school which achieved above average results in all foundation subjects in the most recent Estyn reports.
Sport
Pontyclun has both a football and rugby union team. Pontyclun Football Club were formed in 1896 and joined the Football Association of Wales in 1922. Pontyclun Rugby Football Club (otherwise known as the Pontyclun Badgers), were formed in 1886 and joined the Welsh Rugby Union in 1887. Pontyclun has produced at least one Welsh international, Tommy Rees who later played rugby league for Great Britain, and Oldham. Pontyclun also has produced an International Footballer - Keith Pontin (Cardiff City and Wales). Pontyclun also has a Bowls Club established in 1932 as part of the Athletic Club in the heart of the village.
Pontyclun also has a number of other sports clubs including Pontyclun Flyers (Cycling) and Pontyclun Road Runners (Running)
Crown Brewery
The South Wales & Monmouth United Clubs Brewery Co. Ltd. purchased the small family brewery owned by D & T Davies in 1919. This Company had been formed to supply the expanding number of Workingmen's Clubs, which were having difficulties with supply of beer from the many local breweries throughout the area. The Sunday Closing (Wales) Act of 1881 had fuelled the expanding number of clubs that did not have to close on Sunday, as was the case with public houses. By 1936 the brewery was producing 500 barrels per week, which continued to increase to 900 in 1938. This growth was halted by the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 but when the war ended in 1945 the growth took off again. By 1954 the old brewery had been replaced by a completely new building that was big enough to produce the 1,200 barrels per week that the clubs demanded at that time. In 1984 Bob Smith was head brewer for the company and was only the fifth in the 65 years the company had been trading. In 1988 Crown merged with Wales' oldest brewery, Buckley's of Llanelly to form the Crown Buckley Brewery. In the spring of 1999, after 80 years of trading, the brewery closed following the takeover of the company by Cardiff based Brains Brewery. | WIKI |
Bel Ami (2012 film)
Bel Ami is a 2012 drama film directed by Declan Donnellan and Nick Ormerod and starring Robert Pattinson, Uma Thurman, Kristin Scott Thomas, Christina Ricci and Colm Meaney. The film is based on the 1885 French novel of the same name by Guy de Maupassant.
The film had its world premiere out of competition at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival on 17 February 2012, and was released theatrically on 8 June 2012 by Magnolia Pictures. The film was budgeted at €9 million.
Plot
Georges Duroy (Robert Pattinson) is a penniless former soldier making a living as an office clerk in 1880s Paris. At a club he meets an old friend, Charles Forestier (Philip Glenister), with whom he spent three years during the war in Algeria. The friend is well off and invites Georges to his home where he meets Mrs. Madeleine Forestier (Uma Thurman) and her friends Clotilde de Marelle (Christina Ricci) and Virginie Rousset (Kristin Scott Thomas). Mrs. Rousset's husband is an editor of the conservative newspaper La Vie Française and she helps Georges to get a job there, initially by publishing his diaries from the war in the paper. Gradually his social and financial standing improves, with Duroy using his wit and powers of seduction to charm wealthy women.
Cast
* Robert Pattinson as Georges Duroy
* Uma Thurman as Madeleine Forestier
* Kristin Scott Thomas as Virginie Rousset
* Christina Ricci as Clotilde de Marelle
* Colm Meaney as Monsieur Rousset
* Philip Glenister as Charles Forestier
* Holliday Grainger as Suzanne
* Natalia Tena as Rachel the Prostitute
* James Lance as François Laroche
* Anthony Higgins as Comte de Vaudrec
Production
Hagen Bogdanski directed the principal photography which began in early February 2010 in London and Budapest. Simon Fuller who helped fund the film also served as an executive producer.
Casting
The film stars Robert Pattinson as Georges Duroy (Pattinson describes Duroy as being "completely amoral" ), Uma Thurman as Madeleine Forestier, Duroy's secret love interest, and later wife, Kristin Scott Thomas as Madame Rousset, whose lover Duroy becomes to further his interests, Christina Ricci as Clotilde de Marelle, who even though married genuinely loves Duroy, and Colm Meaney as Rousset.
Box office
Bel Ami earned $8,303,261 at box office.
Reception
Bel Ami has received negative reviews from critics, where it currently holds a 28% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 94 reviews and an average rating of 4.72 out of 10 with the consensus stating, "Bel Ami contains some soapy pleasures but it overall rushes through the narrative and suffers from a vague central performance by Robert Pattinson."
Mick LaSalle in his review for San Francisco Chronicle said that "What distinguishes Pattinson in the role is the sense he conveys of someone roiling and churning beneath a surface that is almost, but not quite, calm."
However Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "The women are all elegant and intelligent, they know the ways of the world, and they know Georges' history. Why do they find him attractive? We don't, and that failure is the downfall of the film." He singled out Christina Ricci for her performance: "Her character makes the mistake of actually loving Georges. This involves pure acting skill on her part, since Pattinson gives her so little to work with."
Brent Simon of Shared Darkness criticized the film for being "A gassy, self-satisfied adaptation of the 1885 novel of the same name, threadbare Parisian period piece Bel Ami belies the erroneous notion that costume dramas automatically have a higher IQ than their contemporary dramatic brethren." | WIKI |
#1779 Rule mismatch isn't noticed before smart refresh on ppc64 and s390x
Closed: Fixed None Opened 8 years ago by pbrezina.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=902716 (Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6)
Description of problem:
SSSD doesn't notice rule becoming a mismatch immediately, but only after a
smart refresh on ppc64 and s390x with directory server running on x86_64.
Version-Release number of selected component (if applicable):
sssd-client-1.9.2-74.el6.s390x
libsss_idmap-1.9.2-74.el6.s390x
libsss_sudo-1.9.2-74.el6.s390x
sssd-1.9.2-74.el6.s390x
How reproducible:
always
Steps to Reproduce:
1. Setup LDAP directory, using the attached mismatch_refresh_test.ldif file as
reference.
2. Setup SSSD client using the attached sssd.conf as reference.
3. Execute the following, replacing the server hostname:
---:<---
service sssd restart >/dev/null
ldapmodify -h dell-pe840-01.rhts.eng.bos.redhat.com -x -D
cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com -w Secret123 <<<"
dn: cn=test,ou=Sudoers,dc=example,dc=com
replace: sudoUser
sudoUser: user2" >/dev/null
su -c 'sudo -u user2 true' user1 && echo ALLOWED || echo DENIED
sleep 11
su -c 'sudo -u user2 true' user1 && echo ALLOWED || echo DENIED
--->:---
Actual results:
ALLOWED
user1 is not allowed to run sudo on ibm-z10-02. This incident will be
reported.
DENIED
Expected results:
user1 is not allowed to run sudo on ibm-z10-02. This incident will be
reported.
DENIED
user1 is not allowed to run sudo on ibm-z10-02. This incident will be
reported.
DENIED
Additional info:
This works as documented on x86_64 and i386.
Use the following command for test teardown, replacing the server hostname:
---:<---
ldapmodify -h dell-pe840-01.rhts.eng.bos.redhat.com -x -D
cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com -w Secret123 <<<"
dn: cn=test,ou=Sudoers,dc=example,dc=com
replace: sudoUser
sudoUser: user1" >/dev/null
--->:---
Fields changed
blockedby: =>
blocking: =>
coverity: =>
design: =>
design_review: => 0
feature_milestone: =>
fedora_test_page: =>
owner: somebody => pbrezina
patch: 0 => 1
selected: =>
status: new => assigned
testsupdated: => 0
milestone: NEEDS_TRIAGE => SSSD 1.9.4
priority: major => blocker
resolution: => fixed
status: assigned => closed
Metadata Update from @pbrezina:
- Issue assigned to pbrezina
- Issue set to the milestone: SSSD 1.9.4
4 years ago
SSSD is moving from Pagure to Github. This means that new issues and pull requests
will be accepted only in SSSD's github repository.
This issue has been cloned to Github and is available here:
- https://github.com/SSSD/sssd/issues/2821
If you want to receive further updates on the issue, please navigate to the github issue
and click on subscribe button.
Thank you for understanding. We apologize for all inconvenience.
Login to comment on this ticket.
Metadata | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 5.djvu/538
520 of civilization of which we are so proud, and this leads me to make an observation.
Too often, under the influence of our actual superiority, we disdain the people who are behind, whether in the pastoral state or in the state of hunters. We proclaim them incapable of reaching our level.
This opinion is nowhere justified. Forget not that we have passed by the same halting-places. Forget not, above all, that many civilizations have preceded our own. Two thousand years before our era the Chinese raised monuments that still excite the admiration of travelers, cultivated the mulberry, raised the silk-worm, and possessed notions of astronomy. Egyptian civilization is still more ancient. You saw proof of this at the Universal Exposition. In the temple raised under the direction of N. Mariette you must have admired, among other things, that magnificent statue of Chefren placed at the bottom of the hall, and which dates 4,000 years before our era. At this time we were true savages, covered with the skins of beasts, and carrying on our persons, under the pretext of embellishing ourselves, paints and tattooing like those of the most backward races of our own day. The effect of this should be, on the one hand, to awaken our modesty, and on the other to render us indulgent to people who are yet at the point which we have escaped.
''IV. Industries.''—It is in the midst of primitive societies that industries are born and flourish. However low a people may be, it always has its own proper industries. Man is essentially an industrious being. | WIKI |
C++ Learning Note(5): Koenig Lookup
cpp
This concept is well explained in the Wikipedia, and also in the codeproject. What confuses me is how this magic mentioned in Wikipedia is played:
While ADL makes it practical for free functions to be part of the interface of a class, it makes namespaces less strict and so can require the use of fully-qualified names when they would not otherwise be needed. For example, the C++ standard library makes extensive use of unqualified calls to std::swap to swap two values.
Here is my lousy approach to mimic the magic:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void g();
void g() { cout << "g is outside NS" << endl; }
namespace NS {
class A{};
void f(A) { g(); cout << "f is called" << endl; }
}
int main()
{
NS::A a;
f(a);
}
with the following output:
g is outside NS
f is called
It makes sense that the global function is picked by the compiler, which is the only candidate. If we remove the global g Ln 6, and define NS::g before NS::f:
namespace NS {
class A{};
void g() { cout << "g is inside NS" << endl; }
void f(A) { g(); cout << "f is called" << endl; }
}
It compiles, and NS::g is called, so the compiler will pick NS::g if the caller is in NS namespace. Let’s try add a global g back as:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void g() { cout << "g is outside NS" << endl; }
namespace NS {
class A{};
void g() { cout << "g is inside NS" << endl; }
void f(A) { g(); cout << "f is called" << endl; }
}
int main()
{
NS::A a;
f(a);
}
The output is:
g is inside NS
f is called
The global g is never called by NS::f! Is there something wrong? Please leave a feedback if you have an answer. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/IncidentArchive317
I'm unsure of how to even handle this, and so I figure it's best to report the incident and let administrators make the call. Today I received this message from in which I was summarily dressed down for my opinion on an AFD. I'm just about at a loss for words... for one, it's a blatant violation of WP:NPA ("your disregard for fairness and justice in your haste to destroy dislikable content"). Secondly, it doesn't appear the editor in question applied the same inappropriate message to others who !voted the same way I did. Thirdly, the discussion is almost a month old (early October). Finally, he tries to "shame" me into !voting differently in future discussions. He may have said "without malice" at the bottom of the message, but the content speaks for itself. In my opinion it is wholly inappropriate; I've learned that tis usually better to let an uninvolved party handle the situation instead of exacerbating it by replying to the editor directly. Thanks in advance. /Blaxthos 05:05, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Follow up - I was unaware that Kizor is an administrator, however it doesn't really change my opinion on the matter. The only thing that changes is that I'm sure his intent was indeed without malice, but it certainly doesn't make his message any more appropriate. /Blaxthos 05:19, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* In fact, i just see no single sign of a personal attack in what you refer to. The tone is a bit harsh but i see nothing else which needs any admin action. The bottom line is, as you said, that he did it w/o malice. So? Is there any harassment or Wiki-stalking? No. Just let it go Blaxthos. -- FayssalF - Wiki me up® 05:34, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Notified Kizor in case he offers some more insight. I'm more curious why he said it was AFD"s"? Is there a larger history behind this? Either way, I don't really see a personal attack but will leave my mind open. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 05:40, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Okay. I said "AfDs" in reference to this one and future ones, we have no other history that I know of. To address Blaxthos' points, For the second, the two other editors voting delete are casual users, not esteemed editors extremely active in AfDs, so their behaviour is a couple orders of magnitude less significant and I do not feel that there's a need to message them. For the third, it's three weeks old, which I consider recent; not that resent, but not history either. For the final one, any changes made to Blaxthos' behavior would've been a result of himself, agreeing with me. For the first one and the issue of civility, it was indeed written without malice (I checked before saving). There being no polite way to issue a dressing-down that one feels necessary, I went for open and straightforward. What do you guys think - too harsh? --Kizor 06:35, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I have found Kizor to be both friendly and fair and I believe that in any event he meant well and is doing a good job overall. Best, -- Le Grand Roi des Citrouilles Tally-ho! 06:51, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Though I believe what you've caught has entirely been my good side, too. --Kizor 06:54, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Looking at what's appeared below while I was slapping the above comment together, yes, apparently too harsh. Blaxthos makes a good point in his quotation of NPA. At least an "apparent" or "actions that would be indicative of" or something would've oriented things more to that direction, and on reflection everything from "haste" onwards is redundant. --Kizor 06:40, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* WP:NPA - "Comment on content, not on the contributor".
* USER:Kizor - "I'm deeply disappointed in your disregard for fairness and justice in your haste to destroy dislikable content..."
The title of the section he created is "Your behaviour in AfDs". He is directly calling judgement into question (because of an afd !vote, no less!)... how is that about content? Also, do you think it's a fair action, considering there were others who shared the same vote during that AFD? His comment implies that there are other (uncited) AFDs where my judgement is suspect. That is definitely fodder regarding the contributor. /Blaxthos 06:04, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Even more follow up - I've been around the block more than a few times, and would consider myself a fairly established and dedicated editor. I don't expect this thing to go anywhere, especially given that Kizor is an administrator. Do I think that his message is appropriate? Absolutely not. Do I think he should suffer for it? Not at all. I just wanted it on record somewhere, with someone, that perhaps such bullyish comments aren't the best things for our administrators to leave. I'm certainly entitled to my opinion that article foo is unencyclopedic/gamecruft, and I am not concerned with "impressing" or "disappointing" other editors (especially the staff). Take from that what you will... /Blaxthos 06:14, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* The fact that he is an admin doesn't give him immunity so it is irrelevant. Yes. That's policy but you have to check the context. Some comments are more objective than subjective and vice-versa. He talks about your "disregard" and not "you". In fact, i am concerned more about the tone than any other thing.
* Have you first tried to ask him about his comments or inform him about this report? It is always suggested that we inform users about reports so they can explain their actions. This is what Ricky's has volunteered to do. So at least let us hear him. -- <;font color="DarkSlateBlue">FayssalF - Wiki me up® 06:24, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I agree that Kizor's comment was a bit abrupt, but I'm really not seeing a personal attack. Instead, it seems that there's a good faith concern being expressed, even if it's being done in a slightly uncivil and/or uneven manner. I don't really see a need for administrator action here. Blaxthos, if you have a concern with Kizor's tone, I recommend bringing it up at Kizor's talkpage. A good faith "Hey, are you aware that this could be seen as a personal attack? Can you tone it down a little?" can have huge weight on someone's talkpage (especially to a new administrator who is probably under closer than usual scrutiny anyway). I'd recommend at least trying to work it out directly with him, rather than heading straight to ANI, which is really for more egregious cases of personal attacks than something like this. --Elonka 06:34, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
So noted. For full disclosure, I only responded to his comment on my talk page, but I did reference this report in the reply. Due to past drama I usually try to avoid direct conflict with other editors, and often find that the involvement of third parties keeps things in perspective (as it did here). Thanks for taking the time to give your advice. /Blaxthos 06:43, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Itchy trigger fingers
I just had a brand-new article blown out of the water before I even had a chance to finish it. It was about a new radio-controlled model, the HobbyZone Millennium PTU. There is no need to quote policy to me; I am well aware of it. However, it was tagged as being an advertisement, which it was not. Notablity was more than established in the text and I was in the process of adding external links when it was deleted. I had written many similar articles on other models under my previous username...and these may be in danger of being lost as well. One thing I learned early on as an administrator was to check the posting user's edit history. I made the mistake of not doing so on a number of occasions and got seven shades of hell for it. Believe me, I learned fast when it came to experienced editors. I would greatly appreciate it if this were restored. Thank you. I'm signing off for the night, so if anyone wishes to contact me, please do so on my userpage. --PMDrive1061 07:10, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* You probably want to make a post to WP:DRV, alongside the references that you want to add. This makes the undeletion requests easier to track as well as giving a more stable refernece on why the article should be kept (at least temporarly.) --Sigma 7 07:21, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I agree. That's the appropriate place to discuss this. -- FayssalF - Wiki me up® 07:24, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Speedily deleted articles don't need to go to DRV before recreation - the recreated article just needs to address the original reason for deletion, or it's still speediable. Natalie 16:02, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you. Those sorts of discussions used to be under the heading of "articles for undeletion." Thanks again for sending me in the right direction. I'll list it there right now. --PMDrive1061 07:42, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* May I suggest building the article on a user sub-page first, and then copy/paste into the article when it's in a more finished state. That might help with the itchy trigger finger. Ronnotel 17:54, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Just a clarifiation to PMDrive. There is a difference between an 'advertisement' and 'written like an advertisement'. "Another unique feature is" and "which may be ordered through any hobby dealer which stocks the model" justify an tag. -- FayssalF - Wiki me up® 18:26, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Help on Mike Huckabee - second request
I filed this BLP/N report, about an offsite call to arms in -'defending Huckabee's article from criticisms by the liberal elitists' a few days ago, it went unnoticed, I brought it here, it went unnoticed.
User:Huckabee08 appeared, blanked a few times while obviously hyping his guy, then got blocked.
Now we have an established editor admitting to hunting for negative criticisms. I spoke to him about this, suggesting he find other articles, or take time off, User_talk:Jmegill but he's not listening, and continues to edit the page.
Since that offsite posting, there's been a lot more editors doing a lot more edits. some try to help, some are just interested in making Huckabee look like a prince. I'm requesting a week-long semi on the page to prevent any further agenda-warriors from joining the fray, and I'm requesting an admin please speak to Jmegill and Shogun108 about pushing their views on the article. (Shogun108 admitted to being a member of the HucksArmy group, and his only edits are to the article, making him a clear SPA.) ThuranX 14:33, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Revert warring on Citizen Kane article.
User:Annoynmous has ignored User:Erik's in giving the WP:OVERLINK guideline and Annoynmous has broken the 3RR with User:Erik, User:Bignole, and I and he/she refuses to yield to consensus. Reginmund 16:59, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* This user appears to have only made one small edit to New Zealand. Are they using sock- and/or meatpuppets? Caknuck 17:26, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I actually meant User:Annoynmous. It appears another user has corrected it for me though. That was a metathesis on my part. Sorry for the confusion. The revert warrior is User:Annoynmous. Reginmund 17:41, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* If I'm reading the situation right, this seems to be an edit war over whether or not Orson Welles is wiki-linked in the infobox? It looks like all 3 of you have flown right over the 3RR for something extremely trivial. -- VectorPotentialTalk 17:46, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I have not violated the 3RR. That is why I reported the situation, but the situation concerns Annoynmous adhering to the guidelines and reverting three users' attempts to remove the overlinking. Reginmund 17:52, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
My block of Miltopia
Moved to Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents/My block of Miltopia.--chaser - t
My desysop of Zscout370
Move to Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents/My desysop of Zscout370. Sorry if there's an edit conflict. violet/riga (t) 23:37, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Since the discussion was already at 50k+ I've moved it to a subpage - it may also be something we refer to in the future and having it on a separate page is therefore simpler. violet/riga (t) 23:40, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Would it be wise to also include the Miltopia subpage link at the top of the Zscout subpage link, so it's all in one place ? Sandy Georgia (Talk) 23:56, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Just came here to do that. I considered merging these discussions there but they had already gone too far separately and such a move would be a little confusing. violet/riga (t) 00:00, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Editor fresh from a week-long block immediately leaping back into edit wars
After this request to cool down an edit war at History of the Linux kernel, User:Mike92591 got himself blocked for incivility for a week. Well, the week's up, and the very first thing he did was jump back in. Rather than get back into the same edit war again, and considering that I've got little intention of spending any future free time getting abused by this editor, what's the best course of action? Chris Cunningham 21:40, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* One course of action is to read and reflect on WP:POT. Seems to me you've violated 3RR today as well as a month ago. Perhaps the best course of action is to remove yourself from these disputes, rather than engage in forum shopping. Isarig 21:48, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* In this case this is a good-faith attempt to nip this stupid fight in the bud, which is why I haven't yet made any changes to the History of the Linux kernel article. What I'm not going to to is be bullied off of Wikipedia by trolls and POV-warriors. Speaking of which. Ahem. Chris Cunningham 22:10, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* A good faith attempt would be to hash it out in the article's Talk page, seeking consensus. Another good faith attempt would be to ask for a third opinion. Yet another good faith attempt would be to open an RfC. If these don't work, you could try mediation. Surely a long time editor like you knows this, which is why it strikes me that this current report is more forum shopping for sanctions against an editor you have a content dispute with, than it is a good-faith attempt to nip an edit war in the bud. Isarig 22:15, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* I have no intention of getting in the firing line by editing the same talk pages as the user for the time being. I've never been through the third opinion process. My RFC experience is limited to a couple of comments. Had these helpful suggestions been provided in good faith I'd have been grateful. But no, they're provided to give me grief, yet again proving that your sanctioning was too lenient. Anyway, I'm not sure that it's designed for resolution of stupid personal politics (the issue isn't so much the content now as the manner in which the edits are proceeding), and I'd rather not have to go through the whole process of mediation / RfC if I can avoid it. Chris Cunningham 22:25, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* So you come here declaring you have no intention of participating in any discussion on the talk page (which is, as you surely know, the first course of action to take when a content dispute arises), and don't want to try RfCs or mediation - what is it that you expect then? That the other party in the content dispute be sanctioned on your say-so? I've given you several options on how you may go about it, which you dismiss out of hand while acknowledging they are helpful, simply because you assume they were not made in good faith. Perhaps you should add WP:AGF to your reading list. Isarig 00:48, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* It's not a content dispute; it's a report of bad faith by an editor whose personal attacks on me have made me disinclined to engage him directly any further. AGF is not intended to address deliberate moves of provocation. That is also why there's no onus on me to assume good faith from this suggestion. Chris Cunningham 11:43, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Of course it is a content dispute. You have yourself described it as an edit war in your initial report, and anyone examining that page's history and it's Talk page can see that it is a dispute over the inclusion of material which you allege is 'pure FSF propaganda', and two other editors disagree with you. Disagreeing with you over content is not "bad faith". There is no excuse, of course, for the language Mike92591 used, and he was properly blocked for it, for a week. We must assume that he learned his lesson. If he hasn't, then surely he will quickly be blocked again. But to come here and ask for some preemptive sanction, in order to gain the upper hand in a clear content dipsute (in which you appear to be in the minority) is just as bad. Isarig 14:48, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* How is it forum shopping if this is the only page he's come to? Jd2718 22:27, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Forum shopping is the informal name given to the practice adopted by some litigants to get their legal case heard in the court thought most likely to provide a favorable judgment. It has nothing to do with the number of pages you come to, only to the selection of venue - in this case WP:ANI, vs. any of the other good faith ways to resolve content disputes. Isarig 00:53, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Wow, Isarig, way to assume bad faith. Chris Cunningham is reporting that a recently-blocked editor is behaving the same way as they were behaving which got them blocked, and all you can do is attack the person making, what to me, is a good faith request for review. Corvus cornix 01:48, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* No, he wasn't behaving the same way at all. The editor was blocked for making uncivil comments. After his block expired, he has not made any uncivil comments, but returned to the article where he and another editor are having a content dispute with Chris Cunningham. If we are to assume good faith, the only way to proceed is to assume the editor learned his lesson from his week long block - and to properly engage him on the Talk page, or other DR procedures such as I've suggested to Chris above. Instead, we have Chris declaring that he will not participate in talk, does not want to try RfC or mediation, but wants some admin to "nip this in the bud" - which I interpret as a request that this editor be somehow sanctioned, for doing nothing other than disagreeing with Chris Cunningham - a serial edit warrior himself. Isarig 14:48, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* "Serial edit warrior" says the guy under community sanction for edit warring with sockpuppets, Isarig? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:21, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* And just who's sock-puppet are you, Mr. 2nd-edit-on-wp-is-a-WP/ANI-comment? Isarig 00:47, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Okay, I have to say this. The irony in your suggesting that the OP of this thread read WP:POT is rich. No dog in the fight, I just read AN/I sometimes ... and I really enjoy irony! K. Scott Bailey 02:43, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* So, getting back to the point, and ignoring Isarig's baiting for now: what's the recommended plan? Should I go back to the article talk and try to have this out again? I'm not particularly in the mood for what I see as the inevitable personal attacks and edit warring that this would produce. Again, the editor was blocked for refusing to use anything other than personal attacks on talk, and then for a rude unblock. If I thought discussion would work, I'd have gone back to discussing it already. Chris Cunningham 10:34, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, you should go back to the article talk and try to solve your content dispute. If the editor is uncivil or makes personal attacks, he will be blocked. There is no issue requiring admin intervention here at this point. Isarig 01:10, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Please, unban User:Robert Lindsay
I've just read his lengthy post on his blog. (If you find the link offensive, please remove it.) I've read the reasoning for the permaban and an appeal against it as well. In my view he was banned for his opinions, but even bad opinions are not a wikicrime. That's why I ask for his unbanning. —V. Z. Talk • Contributions • Edit counter 00:39, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* We couldn't care less what his opinions are; we just have no reason to provide a platform for him to express them. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 00:45, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Never heard of him before but on reading the sorry saga I agree with Jpgordon - there's a difference between "Wikipedia is not censored" and "Wikipedia welcomes trolls". Since this guy claims to hate us so much, why would he want to come back? — iride scent 01:20, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* The project is better without such people. Let them have their fun at their blog, but not here. ≈ jossi ≈ (talk) 01:25, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Should he be unbanned could I suggest that there be a brevity requirement that goes along with it? :) Anyway, who gives a crap if the Jews are in charge? So long as the info is available and editable I couldn't give a monkey's left teste if it's left-handed lesbian Moslem with AIDS and a limp that's in charge. WebHamste r 01:29, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* There's probably a Yahoo! Group for them. --Calton | Talk 03:00, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
My reaction. Now he has been blocked for more than one year (since 7 April 2006). I think it is enough and he should get the second chance. In my view only repeated vandals should be banned indefinetely. Other people should be judged by the ArbCom.
Another reason is that Robert Lindsay is probably his real name and the people with real name shall be treated better. They have no second chance to establish more productive account.
You may ask why I do a voluntary attorney to a man I don't know and with whom I never communicated. I have similar experience to him from another Wikimedia project.
—V. Z. Talk • Contributions • Edit counter 13:02, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Why should people with a real name as their User name (even assuming it is their real name) be treated better than other people? Editors should be treated based on their behavior, not on their names, and it's clear from the blog and from the block, that this person (real name or not) is an anti-Semite with an axe to grind. Why should we want him to continue his venom here? If he should decide that he wants to come back and will modify his behavior, he can ask to be reinstated, he doesn't need someone else to speak for him. And may I ask you for something else, VZ, could you please cut down your excessive signature? Corvus cornix 22:19, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Depopulation
SchmuckyTheCat is emptying Category:Universities in mainland China. Kowlooner 02:47, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Do we really need a category and list for both 'mainland China' and 'People's republic of China'? isn't that sort of redundant? Or am I missing some subtle difference? ThuranX 03:18, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I reverted Schmucky's blanking of the section. I don't know what's going on here, but it doesn't look very legit. ⇒ SWAT Jester Son of the Defender 03:19, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Banned User:Instantnood can take a hike with his complaints. SchmuckyTheCat
* I see no evidence that they are the same person. If you continue to mass revert again, I'm blocking you for disruption. ⇒ SWAT Jester Son of the Defender 03:37, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* (EC)I got a message from Kowlooner which said the two are different, but I'm not sure in what way, as he specifically said that "Yes there is. In PRC legislations, regulations, directives, etc., mainland China does not include Hong Kong and Macau." I didn't think that PRC included those two either. I'm not sure what Schmucky's trying to do with that, but I do note that instead of clarifying Kowlooner, he just erased the comments off my talk page, which I generally take as rude in two ways: One, although no one 'owns' their talk, I've repeatedly read here (AN/I) and elsewhere that messing with others' talk pages shouldn't be casually done, and two, because it interferes with user to user communications. Now, can we get a simple, one para clarification about why there is or is not a difference between Mainland and PRC? ThuranX 03:39, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Also, That makes it twice, at least, that Schmucky has deleted another editors' comments, once here at AN/I, which I've seen before treated ESPECIALLY poorly, and on my talk. Is there a checkuser to actually support the contention that Kowlooner is banned? Further, now that it's been brought up, let's not drop it at the moment a CU proves it. I'd still like an explanation. ThuranX 03:41, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* There are 33 Political divisions of China 22 provinces, and some others. Instantnood wants their to be three (Mainland, Hong Kong, Macau).
* This conversation is so old and stale it is ridiculous - and the perpetuation of this and INSTANTNOODS perpetual edit war over it is what got him banned. He returns with a sockpuppet every few weeks to carry this argument, just long enough for any CU data to expire. But check the RFCU archives to see that I can spot an Instantnood sock a mile away. I'm not waiting for weeks of some process to AGAIN remove the same revert warring abuse that went on for two years. SchmuckyTheCat
* ,, . I'm not sitting still while the latest incarnation of sockpuppet edits a few hundred articles that will need fixing later. I've had this exact conversation several times. SchmuckyTheCat
It's your duty to file a RFCU, or to report him here or at AIV. It's NOT your duty to make massive, disruptive reverts of every edit this guy makes, without so much as the slightest proof that he's a sockpuppet. It's even worse to do that in the midst of a massively POV category depopulation. Weren't you involved in an arbitration about all of this relatively recently as well? I've warned you once already on your talk page, and once here. If you continue to revert him, I'm blocking you for wikistalking and disruption. You should know better. The proper move here is to file an AN/I or AIV or RFCU report. Not to massively remove every edit this guy has ever done. ⇒ SWAT Jester Son of the Defender 03:54, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Slightest proof that he's a sockpuppet?
* 1) Look at that article history, it's all Instantnood socks.
* 2) Oh, another one.
* 3) Oh, Kowlooner makes the same exact edit as Qaka? Who is Qaka, well, User:Qaka says it's an Instantnood sock.
* 4) How about this one?
* 5) BTW, who's wikistalking?
* Should I go on? SchmuckyTheCat
* And, I'm not removing every edit. I'm looking at every single one. I don't care about the majority of them, actually. Instantnood has always had useful edits. But the insistence of edit warring about the political structure of China and various spelling issues is defining. He has an amazing ability to make these changes to hundreds of articles in a short amount of time, and THAT is incredibly disruptive. Waiting a few weeks to "settle the issue" every time he pops up leaves hundreds of articles in a bad state - particularly when he is editing stub templates which, in turn, affect hundreds of other articles. SchmuckyTheCat
Re ThuranX: The PRC has 23 provinces, five autonomous regions and four cities directly under the central government. One of the 23 provinces lies wholly within the ROC, which the PRC claims but have never ruled. Three other provinces claim territories in the ROC. In addition to the provinces, autonomous regions and direct cities, the PRC has two special administrative regions, namely Hong Kong and Macau. The 22 provinces, five autonomous regions and four direct cities are collectively called Mainland China. They constitute what PRC was before Hong Kong and Macau became part of the PRC. Kowlooner 04:09, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yeah, he'll talk your head off about this. SchmuckyTheCat
* OK, so Mainland China WAS the PRC, until the PRC gained Hong Kong and Macau. So ... Mainland's now an outdated term, and the PRC represents the current state of China's geography? So why is it bad that he's depop'ing Mainland to move them to PRC? ThuranX 04:15, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Because he's a political crank and that's what he edit wars about. SchmuckyTheCat
* Nice Personal Attacks and trolling. Remember, just because you 'got him', doesn't give you free license to break policy too. ThuranX 05:33, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* The PRC is the 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 direct cities, and (after 1997 and 1999) 2 special administrative regions. Mainland China is 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 direct cities. Since the special administrative regions are different from the rest of the PRC Mainland China is used to denote the rest from the special administrative regions. <IP_ADDRESS> 04:48, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
I'm going to go with SchmuckyTheCat here and I've blocked Kowlooner indefinitely as a sockpuppet. Should a checkuser prove otherwise, he can be unblocked. I saw one of his earliest edits as changing the use of any PRC templates to Hong Kong.— Ryūlóng ( 竜龍 ) 04:40, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* The diagnostic evidence shows the same. SchmuckyTheCat is unblocked, Kowlooner and the IP are both blocked as sockpuppets of a banned user.— Ryūlóng ( 竜龍 ) 05:34, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* So SchmuckyTheCat got blocked for helping Wikipedia and reverting the bad faith edits of a sockpuppet? No wonder so many solid editors leave Wikipedia. Poor kitty. You deserve a saucer of milk for your troubles. Jeffpw 07:54, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Note: the checkuser came back inconclusive. The only thing we have to go on here is the quack test, which is inherently inaccurate. ⇒ SWAT Jester Son of the Defender 08:18, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I said CU would be inconclusive, because IP log data is only kept a few weeks. But second, what CU report came back inconclusive? Not the current one, which hasn't been acted on. SchmuckyTheCat
* Ryulong and I contacted Dmcdevit on IRC. The conclusion was that the IP data was indefinitive, but it was his opinion that based on editing patterns it could be the same person ⇒ SWAT Jester Son of the Defender 08:50, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* fwiw, I've never been incorrect when anyone else who knows Instantnood's pattern has been asked to take a look. I've been right close to a dozen times. I've never cried wolf and said a user was Instantnood just to see some smackdown action on some newbie I disagreed with. It is more disruptive to let a banned user - who by definition are disruptive - have their way with the wiki than it is to have a recognized user block their actions. Banned users are banned for a reason. When they pop up as a sock they should be acted on. Even if it was not Instantnood, if the edits were so similar to be unrecognizable, then the edits were just as disruptive as if it was. I'm all about not biting newbies, but a new account whose first edit goes straight to POV pushing stub tags is not a new user and knows exactly what they are doing and fully intend that disruption. You said I should wait until an admin justifies the actions. That's bogus. Admins just have extra buttons and if I can clean up disruption from the project, I will. SchmuckyTheCat
* Swat would do well to read that linked essay, particularly the part which says And it certainly does not give you any Sergeant-like authority. Several of his actions today have been autocratic, and his deletion of the ITMFA image seems spiteful, considering he has had cross interactions with two editors who had the image on their page, and deleted it immediately after reading a message from me critical of his actions. The image is at deletion review, where its copyright free status is being established. I would hope the image is restored soon. Jeffpw 09:52, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Please assume a little good faith here and stop the snide remarks Jeffpw. They're far from helpful. I deleted the image after viewing it on your user page and being curious as to what it meant. I clicked on the source, and found it to not have a correct license. Calling that spiteful is pretty arrogant. ⇒ SWAT Jester Son of the Defender 10:05, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Swat, you may find my remarks to be unpleasant, but that does not make them snide. I stand by the above comments, and would ask you to assume good faith about me, as well. I would also suggest that the simple fact that your actions have put you on ANI at least twice in one morning might tell you you're editing when you probably better could take a break. I commented to that effect on your talk page, but you deleted it without replying. I repeat it here. Jeffpw 10:13, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Agree with initial decision to empty category - "mainland China" is arguably POV, while "People's Republic of China" is not. "Mainland China" asserts that there is a "non-mainland China" and this gets way too close to a "two-China policy" which recognises Taiwan as equal to China. While my own personal political beliefs entertain this, Wikipedia is not the place to have this argument. Orderinchaos 11:08, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* What you believe is not entirely correct. Although the KMT on Taiwan no longer insists the ROC is the legitimate China, it still calls Beijing "mainland China". But the usage of "mainland China" here with the category got nothing to do with Taiwan, but Hong Kong and Macau. If you bother to look at any document issued by the Chinese government, it uses "mainland China" to call the rest of the country that is not part of Hong Kong or Macau - in other words the 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 direct cities combined. The Hong Kong and Macau governments use "mainland China" in the same manner too.
* Believe it or not, Google for the evidence. <IP_ADDRESS> 22:45, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
User:Crofty 4000 block review
Want a review of a block against User:Crofty 4000 who doesn't seem to be here for anything more than posting to his user page. Per Kate's tool, out of his 108 edits here, 93 have been to his user page, creating what I would call a fairuse nightmare. I first asked him to remove them, then removed them myself when I didn't get a response. He reverted, I warned again. He then reverted again and I blocked for only 24 hours. Does that seem too harsh and too bitey in anyone else's opinion? -- Ricky81682 (talk) 17:11, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Seems on the lenient side if anything. Compare with this case I was involved with yesterday. The relative paucity of mainspace contributions means we do not need to extend any special tolerance in this case I would say. If they repeat this on their return I would indefinitely block them. Here's another example of a problematic user page I would be interested in having other eyes on. --John 19:03, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
User:<IP_ADDRESS>
began vandalizing Arlo Guthrie in June. At that time, he/she got three vandalism warnings. They haven't edited since then, but they came back today to start vandalizing the same article again. I reported them at WP:AIV, but my comments there were removed by User:JForget, who instead went back to a level one warning on their Talk page. Does the same user, using what appears to be a static IP address, get to keep repeating vandalisms over and over again because of an excess of assuming good faith? If the same IP address keeps vandalizing the same article, can't we assume it's the same person? If this were a logged in user, they wouldn't get a level one warning again just because they haven't vandalized in four months, why should an IP be any different? Corvus cornix 01:56, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I could have put a t-2 warning for him, although he made content removal and NPOV violation (accidentally? well we may never know officially). When there is a long period since a last warning, I usually lower back the vandalism level to 1 unless the act of vandalism is serious ... i.e personnal attacks, blatant vandalism, etc. no matter if it is registered or not, same person or not. Usually, the registered ones, are often vandal-only accounts which do a few edits over a few minutes which generally result in an immediate ban. Log-in accounts are supposed to be more serious editors so that's probably why it is different and that we are more stiffer when they are making foul contributions. Of course, it varies depending on the admin or other users. Some will probably continue to increase the level warning whatever. However, in this case, a block wasn't warranted since it was only one act in four months and no t-4 warnings were given (thus not sufficiently warrented as mentionned at WP:AIV.-- JForget 02:28, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
User:Sadi Carnot
Sub page at Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents/Sadi Carnot. Perhaps as this subpage develops, any new sections can be noted here. (Just a New section created with title "TITLE" ~ ). At time of archiving 102 kb long. —— Eagle 101 Need help? (no changes, so can be archived) Fram 13:58, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
POV pushing
User Jtrainor is refusing to participate in discussion. Pushing his POV to article, deleting sources provided before. Necator 08:34, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Well, I guess I'll ask but why are you adding a source that says nothing like what you are using it for? The source is about what you say the S-400 is capable of doing yet you wiped out the language that the Russian had claimed its capabilities (which is both what the other sources indicate and what consensus on the talk page indicates). Also, User:Duckhunter6424 and others seem to reverted you as well. In fact, it looks like the moment the protection was lifted, you had to put the exact wording that you've wanted the page since September. All in this, this whole thing is a content dispute, so it is best to go to dispute resolution. Of course, if you want to keep the discussion here, I am more interesting in your editing now. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 09:24, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Consensus have not been reached. When I found additional non russian sources about this thing capability against stealth, both this users did not answer me on a talk page. And User:Duckhunter6424 is not reverting my changes anymore after that, but Jtrainor keep going silently. This dispute was about wording. And I am trying to say, that not only russian sources claimed this system capability. So wording like "Russian sources have claimed" should be removed. Necator 17:20, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* I would appreciate also, if you read whole this discussion here and here. If you have enough time for that. Because this discussion is going pretty strange. Every time I do provide sources for any my claims in discussion, but haven't seen even one from my opponents. They just changing the topic or avoiding to participate in discussion when getting to much sources against their POV. Thanks! Necator 18:00, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Hey, Necator, why don't you falsely report me about it some more? I'll be pleased to escalate this right to an RfC if you want, because you consistently violate WP:AGF and WP:CIVIL with these little tiffs of yours. Here's a hint: Reverting you is not a violation of any policy. Are you going to do this every time someone reverts you on any article? Jtrainor 22:38, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* You were warned about no original research and verifiability policy at wikiquiette But you keep going. And, please, don't tell me about civility after what you have published on your page "Wikipedia is useless crap because anyone can write anything down." ... "Contentious issues are just clouded with polemics by assholes with an agenda to push." And if you want to blame me for something, it would be nice to provide some references, which will prove, that your blames are not just empty words. Necator 08:56, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* And again you violate WP:CIVIL. What's on my userpage is not germane to this discussion. And, as a matter of fact, I havn't been warned for jack squat-- whereas you have been warned for 3RR in the past and the article in question has been protected at least once. Really, please stop trying to smear me, you're only digging yourself in deeper. Jtrainor 11:42, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'm not going to have yelling match with you. Let administrator decide what to do with that. Necator 10:54, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Jtrainor is correct. His userpage is not relevant; however, Necator since September, you've basically only been editing on a single article, insisting on putting in the exact same wording. Throwing in additional sources (especially when you are misquoting them) is not appropriate at all. Necator, if multiple people are against your edit, you are then working against consensus. Period. Don't complain that everyone is all friends with each other and thus you can do whatever you want. I'd suggest getting a third opinion. After that, if Necator still wants to edit war, I recommend a topic ban on Necator, simply because I think that would be better than a series of blocks. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 22:29, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Can you please show me, where did i misquote a source? For example, source that I've recently added says "Fourth generation surface-to-air missile system used S-300 9M96-series missiles, but all-new ground elements providing capabilities against low RCS stealth aircraft, small cruise missiles, and future low-RCS re-entry vehicles." And this source is not russian. So wording like "Russian sources have claimed" inappropriate. Am i wrong? Necator 23:34, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* BTW Jtrainor claims are totally unsourced, as you can see from here and it doesn't hold him from making edits, and revert sourced parts of the article. Necator 23:39, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Calton and TruthCrusader dispute
I've been watching my watchlist light up for the last little while, and I'm trying to figure out what exactly is going on here.
On the face of it, I see and engaged in some sort of edit war on over whether or not to include statements about the actor's sexual orientation. Calton keeps adding the information (including a reference to a printed source); TruthCrusader keeps removing the info (arguing that the sourcing is inadequate). I assume that they're both going to sit and sulk for a bit because they're getting close to a 3RR violation.
There are a couple of factors that seem to raise this beyond the usual BLP/content dispute. Looking at the history of Will Geer reveals a series of incivil edit summaries, particularly from Calton: "...hissy fit...lack of self control", "...Buckwheat", "...daft...". (Calton is fresh off a monthlong wikibreak that followed a 24-hour block for persistent incivility.) On TruthCrusader's part, I see the repeated removal of content that appears to be sourced, along with edit summaries that don't seem to accurately reflect that fact: "r/v. Not sourced, not verified...".
Adding fuel to the fire, Calton appears to be suggesting that TruthCrusader has been engaged in some sort of off-wiki harrassment of Calton. TruthCrusader made an edit to Talk:Will Geer here that links his username to a particular IP address; in this post to User talk:TruthCrusader, Calton insinuates that an individual using that IP address has made some sort of inflammatory blog posts. A further post from Calton repeats the statement, and adds that TruthCrusader has started to use proxies (and throws in a bit of abuse, as well).
I don't know what the history of TruthCrusader is, but it certainly appears that something funny is going on. I have asked Calton and TruthCrusader to explain themselves here, pronto. I have something of a history with Calton, so I don't feel that it would be appropriate for me to take any administrative actions in this case. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 17:49, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Aside from the fact that it strikes me as weird to get so involved in something with which you have no involvement, what exactly do you want an admin to do and how is it your prerogative to demand that these editors explain themselves pronto here? Sorry, but that smacks of arrogance and busy-body meddling. Eusebeus 17:58, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* (The unpolite answer) That's what sysops - new and old - do. They volunteer to look after the general well being of the encyclopedia by actin in an administrative function. Attempting to resolve editor conflicts is one of them, as is deflecting the slings and arrows of outrageous displays of being a dick. Further, a good admin likes to get the opinion of others before embarking upon an action where there might be consequences - therefore TenOfAllTrades is to be commended for both involving themselves in the matter and referring it to their colleagues. Is there any other matter that needs explaining to you? LessHeard vanU 21:01, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* A spirited defense, certainly; but not very convincing. Sorry Less. Eusebeus 22:58, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* I saw an edit war, serious user conduct issues, and the insinuation that one of our contributors was being harrassed off-wiki by another. The two editors don't seem capable of resolving the dispute on their own, and TruthCrusader has regularly sought admin intervention on his behalf. Wikipedia is a collaborative project; it doesn't work if the atmosphere is poisoned by the sort of bile that's spilling over from this dispute onto articles and other editors. Those strike me as issues worthy of this board's attention. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 18:05, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Your comments and "busy-body meddling" -- a fairly accurate summary, I'd say -- might be appropriate if they were better informed. As far as the edit-warring -- and your rather juvenile summary thereof -- there's nothing to explain, or at least dispute: I added back -- properly sourced, neutrally worded, and footnoted, to boot -- relevant material about Will Geer. TruthCrusader is removing it for no discernible reason, other than, perhaps, an impulse-control problem and one of his quarterly attempts to get me banned, something he's been doing off and on over the last couple of years. The two sides are not even close to being equivalent, and the actual edit-warring is being done by one side only. The false equivalency is, at best, irritating, and worst actively insulting.
* As far as TruthCrusader's off-wiki harassment and his attempts to snow admins as part of his campaign, I've already privately e-mailed a more complete set of evidence to a few admins I trust (including one who's on ArbCom) documenting the off-wiki attacks and the clear evidence connecting TruthCrusader (blog software records IP addresses, and TruthCrusader was very helpful in connecting the dots). Bottom line: this is a horse you don't want to back. --Calton | Talk 18:20, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Oh,, and you've got your chronology backwards, though I don't suppose that's obvious: I discovered TruthCrusader's mucking about with Will Geer BECAUSE I was backtracking to figure out who left a message for me saying "fuck off you wikipedia nazi" -- and, as I said above, this edit lead me right there. And though I've really DO have better things to do -- like my job, which I'm behind on, and sleep, which is what I should be doing right now -- and therefore haven't been editing Wikipedia, I figured I ought to take the time to fix the mess that TruthCrusader left. And, as usual, I got drawn in trying to fix up messes where I saw them. But, if you think exacerbating messes, defending trolls, and encouraging harassment on- and off-Wiki is the way to build a better enecyclopedia, go for it, but don't expect a lot of support from a lot of people for that. --Calton | Talk 18:31, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* This one's easy. The linkage between TruthCrusader and the obscene harassment Calton has received is clear; if I see one more report of it that even seems like TruthCrusader, I'll just block him myself and let the chips fall where they may. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ —Preceding comment was added at 18:35, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Okay; I wasn't aware that this had been discussed elsewhere. If there's serious off-wiki harrassment going on, I don't think anyone would object to a flat ban immediately. It doesn't make sense to me that our optimal response would be 'wait and see if he does something else obnoxious' while he tries to drag admins into blocking Calton, while Calton keeps leaving bitter messages and insulting edit summaries without any other recourse...? TenOfAllTrades(talk) 18:40, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* (ec)Ok, so we have a content dispute and behavioral issues. Looking at the Will Geer article and talk page histories it seems like there is a long running pattern of people adding claims that Geer was gay or bi-sexual without references and these being challenged and removed (by TruthCrusader amongst others). Now the information has apparently been re-added, sourced to claims made by Harry Hay. I have no idea whether Mr. Hay (who is apparently also dead) should be considered reliable on this issue, but that likely ought to be the focus of both user's efforts. Rather than reverting each other with claims of 'bad sources!' and 'no, good sources!' they ought to be discussing the merits of the source. BTW, edit warring over content is edit warring... regardless of who turns out to be 'right'. To claim that 'only the other guy is really edit warring' is simply false.
* As to the behavioral issues. Calton claims that TruthCrusader has engaged in egregious harassment and attacks off-wiki. Unfortunately, it is inherently difficult to prove such. Logs and mails can be alterred, open IPs can be accessed by other people, et cetera. However, in one sense it doesn't matter... because that would not be an excuse for the on-wiki attacks which Calton has engaged in. Even if Calton is absolutely right and truthful about what has gone on off-wiki. Even if it had all taken place ON wiki openly under TruthCrusader's account. Responding in kind, though not quite as viciously as the described off-wiki conduct, is still harmful and disruptive.
* Evidence of the off-wiki harassment should be looked at to see if it can actually be proven (in which case an indef block would be very much in order), but regardless of that, both users need to stop edit warring and Calton needs to stop attacking and insulting. --CBD 18:52, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* To Jpgordon: If the evidence is clear, why wait until you see another report of it? I suppose you are the among the people privy to Calton's evidence? Fut.Perf. ☼ 18:57, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Because that's how I work. Others might work in other ways. (And I try not to block people before I've had breakfast. Need nutrients in brain to make rational decision.) --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 19:01, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* CBDunkerson comes up with his usual long and convoluted rationale excusing bad behavior by obvious trolls, with a side order of passive-aggression, a heaping helping of false equivalency (why yes, the things I've said about TruthCrusader are SO similiar to him accusing me of being a pedophile and saying that my father raped my mother -- and by the way, I redacted some equally awful crap from what I posted), and some actual falsehoods about the article that has wound up at the center of thngs, to boot (hint 1: "Harry Hay" is NOT the source of the claims).
* Personally, I can't imagine why CBD thinks carrying water for trolls in any way aids the building of an encyclopedia, and yet he continues to do so. Is there something to this "Trolls are people too! Fight the power" schtick that I'm missing? --Calton | Talk 19:18, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* See, that's precisely the kind of behavior I was saying you shouldn't be engaging in. Which seemed self-evident so... you are doing what, exactly, here? Trying to insult and provoke me? You need to calm down and stop attacking anyone and everyone who asks you to be remotely civil. --CBD 19:26, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* For what it's worth, I have never had any reason to doubt Calton's honesty. His civility needs work, but his integrity is above reproach. I would also trust Jpgordon's assessment of any privately-held evidence. Is there any conceivable reason not to drop the banhammer on TruthCrusader here?
* As to the second (relatively minor) issue here, I hope that any (remaining) involved parties can have a good-faith discussion about type and quality of sourcing on Talk:Will Geer. If TruthCrusader is removed from the equation, there should be nothing that prevents a civil, rational talk page discussion about any remaining editorial concerns, right? TenOfAllTrades(talk) 19:31, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* He is arguing that you are making false equivalences, CBD. You seem to be avoiding responding directly to this charge. El_C 19:53, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Avoiding? No... I simply assumed that since proof Calton's 'charges' were false is plainly visible on this very page there was no need to respond to them at all. If you think otherwise, let's look at these 'charges';
* CBDunkerson is "excusing bad behavior by obvious trolls" - See my first post above (my only previous comment on this matter). See me saying that TruthCrusader, the presumable target of Calton's personal attack, had edit warred and that if the accusations of off-wiki harassment could be proven he should be indef blocked. In what way does this 'excuse bad behavior'?
* "false equivalency" - I said that Calton engaged in edit warring too... he has. I said that Calton has engaged in incivility and personal attacks too... he has (and not just towards TruthCrusader). I said that these were less severe than the vicious comments attributed to TruthCrusader off-wiki... they were. So, where did I say anything 'false' or that they were 'equivalent' except in ways that... they were?
* CBDunkerson has stated "actual falsehoods about the article ... 'Harry Hay' is NOT the source of the claims" - I can't claim to have studied the matter in extensive detail so perhaps I am somehow mistaken... but I truly have no idea how the quotation of Harry Hay saying, "Much of America wasn't ready to hear that Grandpa on The Waltons was bisexual" in this edit by Calton means that "Harry Hay is NOT the source of the claims". Harry Hay said it... but he is not the source? What person then, other than Harry Hay, IS the source of this claim?
* Bad behavior by one user does not excuse bad behavior by another. Claiming that saying both users need to follow the standards is "excusing bad behavior" is an obvious falsity. The truth is that I did not excuse Calton's bad behavior. Which I will no doubt be thanked for... given the vehemence of insistence that bad behavior should NOT be excused. :] --CBD 20:59, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* That's enough strawmen to populate an Iowa county full of cornfields. That last paragraph, where you link together separate quotes to give the appearance my claiming something I didn't is a classic. But let's go through them.
* Point 1: let's start with your denigrating rhetoric, starting with "Calton claims", piled on with other, similar qualifiers ("difficult to prove", etc.), all with the rhetorical result -- intentional, I'm sure -- of casting doubting on what I say.
* Point 2: All those "facts"? Literally true, qualitatively false. Again, another attempt to rhetorically place my comments on par with the grotesque outbursts of TruthCrusader ("Granted, your organization is not as bad as NAMBLA..." "Yes, as President, he would be not as bad as Pol Pot...").
* Point 3: I included THREE references, not just one you quoted as if it were the only one. So I'd say yah, you didn't study the matter in much detail -- all three or four sentences worth -- to overlook the two other references. Again, literally true regarding your characterization of one of the references, qualitatively false to not mention the other two.
* Ultimately, yeah, it's a question of your playing rhetorical games to minimize egregious conduct and make false equivalences. Personally, I'm thinking that all this contrarian behavior on your part is just a game for you, a chance to play a junior-league defense attorney on the internets. It certainly seems that your standards as to what is defensible directly correlates to the likelihood of the "defendant" being blocked or banned: your essentially unilateral defense of User:Pigsonthewing in his two ArbCom cases -- User:Pigsonthewing hisownself couldn't be bothered to respond -- is an obvious showcase, and funny how his incivility deserved a pass, hmm?
* And just a thought: regular readers on this noticeboard should think back on CBDunkerson's various contributions to it. It might be worth considering how frequently he jumps to the defense of the badly behaved with his "Fight the power! Admins can't be trusted!" rhetoric. How seriously should he be taken? --Calton | Talk 02:56, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* As responding to the claims you are making just brings additional accusations I see no point in continuing. I will simply say again; you are not allowed to be incivil to other users. Not to users who have been incivil to you and certainly not to those whom have simply disagreed with you. If you do not stop I believe you are working your way towards an indefinite ban. Since you have responded to my block of you with all manner of accusations I will not be doing so again, but the fact that you have repeatedly harassed good editors who have done nothing wrong tells me it is coming. There is a reason your unblock requests were denied. You can't abuse people the way you do and remain a Wikipedia user. You need to stop. --CBD 10:54, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* "Harassed good editors who have done nothing wrong" refers to yourself, right? ;) Sorry, couldn't resist! El_C 11:00, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Actually, I was referring to his nastiness towards users like Just James, RedSpruce, JackOfOz, and so forth. Longstanding positive contributors whom Calton has belittled and harassed over minor issues. Yes, he is also incivil to those who dare ask him to stop being abusive, but if the first problem were resolved the second would not exist. Finally, yes, he is also insulting to newbies who make mistakes and actual 'vandals' and 'trolls', but those are hardly positive traits either. Remember, it is very important that we not be "excusing bad behavior". Right? --CBD 13:26, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Guy, you don't have a single shred of moral authority. None. Zip. Zero. Nada. A truckload of hypocrisy, a long history of troll-enabling, petty behavior, shifting standards, and -- here, especially -- dodging responsibility for your actions. I listen to people I respect: that group does not and has never included you.
* Remember, it is very important that we not be "excusing bad behavior". Right? Right. When did you plan on starting? --Calton | Talk 06:23, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
I have NO idea what is going on or how this has suddenly exploded. For the Will Geer article, I did not feel the information claiming his sexuality was verifiable enough to warrent such an inclusion in the article. Apparently I wasn't the only one who felt this way. I cant see how it could be called an edit war, as Calton, IMHO, is merely reverting for the sake of trying to get to me, rather than caring about the article, which is why I was trying to prevent what I felt was not notable sources removed from the article. In the interests of fairness however, I will cease to work on the article as apparently Calton will not give me any peace over it. I still maintain the sources being given are not notable enough, but I will allow others to make that call now.
As for this so called Wiki-stalking. I admit my past on Wiki hasn't been stellar, as evident by my block logs. However, I have NO idea what Calton is on about. He hasn't shown me or anyone outside his circle of 'friends' any evidence at all and I honestly have NO idea who he has decided to throw this at me, of all people. I have remained civil in this matter, despite my temptation to unload on him, which is something I wish to point out he has not. I can't even think WHY he would think I would WANT to harass him, I had forgotten he had even existed until I logged in one day to find a rather nasty message on my talk page. There DOES seem to be something fishy going on, and I wish to point out that part of my problems in the past were caused by a multiple banned user named Chad Bryant, who would do what he could to get me banned or in trouble. He HAS impersonated me on the Internet many many times, and I am starting to wonder if this may be the case now. Just look at my past talk pages/incidents/block logs of myself and Chad Bryant to see. That MAY be what is happening here because I damn well know I would not waste my time with anything to do with Calton. TruthCrusader 20:35, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
I welcome this investigation however, as I do not like lies and slanderous remarks being made about myself, even on Wiki which, by the way, I don't even visit much anymore due to real life.
* as Calton, IMHO, is merely reverting for the sake of trying to get to me - Mr Kettle? Mr Pot on line 2...: I provided THREE reliable sources -- two from books, even -- and yet you reverted with the edit summary "...Not sourced, not verified...". So, who, exactly, seems to be reverting for its own sake? --Calton | Talk 02:56, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* FWIW, I have posted on Talk:Will Geer the results of a brief search for references regarding the alleged bisexuality of Geer. ·:· Will Beback ·:· 23:15, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
The return of Wyatt Ehrenfels
I'm not sure if "off-wiki" behavior should be considered. How can Wikipedia's rules have any bearing or weight over real life actions? As I read this, Calton seems very insistent that TruthCrusader is harrassing him off-wiki and that this should factor into a banning decision. In the interest of balance and fairness, I'd like to bring the following website to the community's attention : http://www.fireflysun.com/book/Berkeley_Wikipedia_cyberstalking.php The host of this site is apparently a US government expert on Cyber stalking and Internet harrassment. A google search of Calton's name brings up quite a few sites on which people seem to be accusing Calton of online harrassment. Amazon's website seems to have had two major incidents regardng Calton harrassing famous authors. Take it for what it's worth, but I'd be inclined to question Calton's credibility. The majority of his editorial contributions seem designed to provoke confrontations with others, particularly new users. MegaMom 05:22, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* The above information is certainly new to me. Since this is apprently the case, unless of course Amazon is 'lying' I respectfully request this matter is dropped as Calton it seems has a massive credibility problem now and any information or "evidence" he claims to have MUST now be considered highly suspect. I have already agreed to leave the Geer article alone, despite my objections to it, and hope this matter now goes away. TruthCrusader 09:22, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* In my experience of Calton - and I should note here that I *often* disagree with his tagging for deletion of images and I would agree his civility at times needs work - I have never seen any reason to question his integrity or credibility, or his commitment to the project. I'm also surprised that an editor who has never interacted with him, so far as I can see, and has not quite 350 edits is willing to make such bizarre allegations against a long term contributor on a forum such as this. The "US Government" trick is the oldest in the book - the site linked to is nothing but a long first-person rant by some individual in defence of an author, with extremely tenuous links being drawn. I tend to agree with WP:V that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and that simply hasn't been provided here. Orderinchaos 10:58, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Why is any of this being discussed here, and not on the article's Talk page, the WP:AN3 page, or in an RfC? Corvus cornix 22:13, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Orderinchaos, I have made no "bizarre allegations" I have provided a link to information and asked others to look into the matter and make their own determinations. I suggest that you take the time to review the site I provided a link to more carefully, as the author's credentials and employment status with the government are mentioned therein. No one is trying to play any kind of "trick" here, as you allege. The "evidence" was strong enough for Amazon.com to take action against Calton. Not to mention the fact that there are people all over the Internet complaining about Calton's behavior on Wikipedia and other sites.
You are correct in stating that I have had no previous interaction with Calton, although I have been keeping tabs on his conduct for some time now. My 13 year old son is one of the many people, the FAR from civil, Calton has unnecessarily harrassed on this site. Information contained on my son's user page would lead any THINKING adult to realize that they were dealing with a minor. From his very first message to my son, Calton was apparently hostile, rude and threatening. He apparently referred to my son as a "nit-wit" who had "confused Wikipedia with my space". When my son tried to explain to Calton that he was new to Wikipedia, his requests for guidance were met with hostility and taunting, abusive remarks. Calton apparently took great delight in having my son's user page deleted from this site. My son was really heartbroken and upset over the situation for quite some time. No adult that I know would treat a child in the hateful manner in which Calton apparently treated my son. I've told my boy that Wikipedia is "too rough" a site for him and he is no longer allowed to visit it. Sounds crazy when one considers the fact that it is an encyclopedia, which could or should be a good learning tool for a child. The only lesson my son learned from Wikipedia was one of online harrassment and intimidation.
It seems that Wikipedia may have turned a blind eye to its own rules where Calton is concerned. Any objective outsider can see by reviewing this man's edit history, that he is not a "valuable" contributor. He seldom contributes to articles, other than to provoke arguments and confrontations with other users. He can clearly be seen stalking editors from article to article. He seems to spend the majority of his time targeting and attacking new users, especially children. If he is not an administrator, as his pages state, he should not be behaving as if he were some sort of cyber cop for Wikipedia. According to Calton, himself, allegations of pedophilia have apparently been made against him elsewhere on the Internet. As a parent it causes me great concern, when I see this overtly hostile, abusive editor engaging in a pattern of initiating unwelcome contact with minors on this site. I think Wikipedia would be wise to consider banning Calton, as the harm and bad feelings he generates these days must far outweigh any good he may have done in the past. MegaMom 03:10, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Actually, a good look through the cyberstalking portion of that site (which, I'd note, has no actual entry page and doesn't appear to be linked from the entry page of the site, which appears to be an Objectivist information source of some sort) would indicate that the specific case situations I could find are targeted at people who were issuing negative reviews to this fellow's book. The lengthy screed about Calton provides little in the way of proof that it's one person involved in all of this, and if you manage to get towards the bottom of the page, find that the creator was, in fact, been in a battle with Calton here over apparent self-promotional issues. Thus, his analysis could be considered questionable, especially considering other commentaries like this page, which would seem to suggest that a crowd of admins were cyberstalking him as a group effort.
* As for your son's issues with Calton, some diffs showing his harassment would better enlighten readers as to the particular actions you disliked. Can you point towards the specific incidents involved? I'd be interested to see specific diffs for your claims that he targets children specifically, personally. My (non-admin) view is that yes, Calton can be abrasive in his comments and could do with toning it down some, but busting spammers and other troublemakers is all good work that needs to be done. So, if you could provide some specific diffs for the issues you mention, that would be great. Tony Fox (arf!) 04:19, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Honestly, your posting only provides more credibility to the site I referenced. In the first place there appears to be only be ONE bad review the site operator has objected to - from Calton. Moreover, it appears that Calton stalked the author from Wikipedia into the real world and attempted to damage his professional reputation. I have now found what appear to be THREE authors on Amazon who've had "issues" with Calton. Amazon clearly has his IP address and has apparently taken action against him. I'm inclined to trust their assessment. I don't profess to know all the facts here. This is one of several sites I came across when researching my son's online attacker. Frankly, I believe your "evidence" only proves my point. The link you've provided is an excellent example of defamation of character (as Wikipedia's defines that term) in flagrant violation of Wikipedia's own policies. On the Administrators' Noticeboard Calton clearly attempts to defame that author's character on several fronts. The most clear cut example is when he states that the author's book was published by a vanity press. Well, as an uninvolved bystander - it took me all of about two minutes to conduct a google search and find that Calton's statement is false and therefore, libellous. The book in question was published by Bedside Books, a subsidiary of American books. Although they may be a small publishing house, it is clear from their website that this is NOT a vanity press and the book is not self published. http://www.american-book.com/ Now, if I can find that out in a couple of minutes - why haven't Wikipedia's administrators bothered to investigate the matter? Your link provides clear cut evidence that Calton has maliciously posted a libellous statement about a living person seemingly designed to defame that individual's character and harm their professional reputation. Why? I want to know why blatent clear cut libel has not been deleted from the Administrators' Noticeboard, which is apparently turning up on google searches of this authors name? (I can't really blame him for featuring Calton on his site.) Can an administrator please explain that "oversight" to me?
As for my son, he made the classic, naive mistake of using his real name on this forum. I really do not want his name to have any more "appearances" on google as a result of these discussions. He's barely a teenager and he's already had his good name sullied all over the Internet, thanks to the malicious, irresponsible actions of Calton. I will discuss this matter with my husband tomorrow and see what he thinks about providing more information. Calton should be banned. MegaMom 06:55, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Wyatt, we've been through this before: your book was published through a vanity press, which "Bedside Books" as a division of American Book Publishing Group is:
* American Book Publishing Group (formerly Forbes Publishing) aka American-Book.com aka ABPG: Charges fee. This company has plagiarized authors in the past and abused trademarks, notably that of the real Forbes Publishing. Strongly not recommended. A book publisher featuring the following imprints: American Book Publishing*, American Book Classics*, American University Publishing*, Bedside Books*, and Millennial Mind Publishing*. (*Trademarks of American Book Publishing Group). (From Preditors and Editors Guide to Publishers
* Writer Beware has received, and continues to receive, numerous complaints about American Book Publishing (C. Lee Nunn, owner). ABP, which presents itself as a "traditional" publisher, requires its authors to pay a sizable "setup" fee. [emphasis mine] Complaints include non-standard contract terms, non-production of promised e-book editions, non-fulfillment of marketing and publicity promises, repeatedly delayed publication schedules, finished books full of errors, non-payment of royalties, heavy pressure on authors to purchase bulk numbers of their own books, and harassment of those who question or complain. American Book Publishing has been the focus of a police investigation.[emphasis mine] Authors with complaints about American Book Publishing are urged to contact Writer Beware<EMAIL_ADDRESS>from The Science Fiction Writers of America "ALERTS FOR WRITERS" page.
* It's not only a vanity press, it's a vanity press with a bad reputation even among other vanity presses. And the less said about the Amazon idiocy (short answer: not me. Longer answer: an example of the claimant's thought processes in identifying people can be found here.--Calton | Talk 14:02, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* What we have here is a lot of vague, unsubstantiated assertions about someone who has been here a long time. The case you raise above is a perfectly routine case of vanity spamming. If you want the debate archive blanked to save his blushes, you have only to ask nicely and it will be done, but shameless self-promotion would appear to describe it just nicely. Sure, people get carried away, happens all the time, but that doesn't mean we're obliged to be superhuman about it. People who spend ages pushing themselves or their ideas are a recurring problem. You want that archive blanked? Guy (Help!) 10:55, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I wish to add my request to see this so called "evidence" that Calton passed to 'people he trusts' has so far been answered with silence. I feel, as someone falsely accused of something, it is my right (not to mention common courtesy) to see what these claims are based on. Should my requests go unanswered much longer I will take them to a higher level in the Wiki hiearchy. I am honestly sorry this matter has exploded so much and taken up so many people's time, which could be used to better the encyclopedia.TruthCrusader 12:23, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* The "higher level" has already been notified -- three different admins who know my identity (including one who happens to be on ArbCom) -- and presented with the evidence, and Mike Godwin (Wikipedia counsel) has been notified as a courtesy, to boot. Perhaps you could send an e-mail directly to them. Be sure to use your real e-mail address so that IP addresses can be compared -- and I already know what message I'll want to have them compare it to.
* Give it up, buckie, you've been rumbled. --Calton | Talk 14:02, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Please block
User:<IP_ADDRESS>. - Kittybrewster ☎ 13:35, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Not without proper warnings being left first. I've laid the first one down. Tabercil 15:44, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Proper warnings? Did you look at the contribs? A vandalism-only IP who behaves like this doesn't require any warnings. I would certainly block, except I see TerriersFan already did. Bishonen | talk 11:27, 29 October 2007 (UTC).
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Should<EMAIL_ADDRESS>be blocked? --wj32 talk 06:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Why not? :O — xDanielx T/C 07:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* In case anyone is inclined to interpret that literally, what I really mean is, why? — <span style="font:bold 11px Arial;display:inline;border:#000066 1px solid;background-color:#ECF1F7;padding:0 4px 0 4px;">xDanielx T/C 07:41, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Because his username contains an email address. Correct me if I'm wrong, but aren't email addresses not allowed to be in usernames? --wj32 talk 08:13, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Given the email address policy came in at about September 2006 and his account was created before this (in August), my immediate answer is "no" - A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is o n ❤ 08:26, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Beat me to it. =( — <span style="font:bold 11px Arial;display:inline;border:#000066 1px solid;background-color:#ECF1F7;padding:0 4px 0 4px;">xDanielx T/C 08:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Well, the user created an account and has been editing since before the no emails policy was in place. It was agreed (only by a handful of editors, but I don't think it's anything controversial) that the policy shouldn't be applied post de facto. So I think this one is okay. — <span style="font:bold 11px Arial;display:inline;border:#000066 1px solid;background-color:#ECF1F7;padding:0 4px 0 4px;">xDanielx T/C 08:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Ok. :) --wj32 talk 08:42, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
User:Bibliophilus & Albanian language
In the best Colbert tradition, the new user has been editing the article on the to triple the number of speakers (from the ca. 6 million mentioned by Ethnologue, to his "nearly 17,5 million people" original research), while simultaneoulsy altering "some scholars believe that Albanian derives from the Illyrian language" to say "[it] has been proven that...", replacing the English name "Kosovo" by the Albanian ones Kosova & Kosovë, etc... you get the picture.
Among his additions to the article: But Albanian is notabily higher developed and more noble than any slavic language, especially than the serbian one which has been created during the 1900-s. (diff.)
For consistency, he also tripled the numbers in the article on Albanians (diff.), using the opportunity to add: Also it is widely believed that most of the so called "serbs" of the ethnic Albanian region of Kosova, are just albanians culturally assimilated by the influence of the byzantine orthodox church of the region which for some periods was under the rule of serbian kings.
Although my favourite one is this edit to the article on Albania :-)
His edits to the article on the Albanian language:
* 14:43, 25 October 2007
* 19:28, 25 October 2007
* 21:47, 28 October 2007
* 08:55, 29 October 2007 (blindly reverting to his preferred version, removing Flibjib8's edits in the process).
I had left a note at his talk page, a fruitless one as his last edit shows. Help from a third party would be most appreciated. - Best regards, Ev 00:06, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* User has just come back of a 48 hour block from Durova for soapboxing, contentious editing, violating NPOV, and posting of frivolous complaints at the COI noticeboard. The block has clearly had no effect, and I am minded to just block him entirely. Thoughts? Neil ☎ 10:51, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I just noticed that I'd edit-conflicted with you, but I was going to share the same sentiments. I assume that the 25 October and previous material was dealt with in Durova's 48-hour block, but the new edits show no sign of changing the disruptive behaviour. Whether a longer block or some other sanctions are in order I do not know, but some action should be taken. Tewfik <sup style="color:#888888;">Talk 12:34, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Blocked for 1 month. Repeating his previous behaviour directly off the block is bad, changing the numbers in a reference to fit his POV is worse. Defending your POV is understandable, even if it can lead to behaviour which is not fit for Wikipedia. Changing the data in a reference, something which should be independent and reliable, to fit your POV, is unforgiveable. I have indicated on the user talk page that the continuation of this kind of edits after the block has expired may well lead to an indefinite block. Fram 16:09, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
User:Jehochman
Reporting a potentially controversial action here for review and, if necessary, undoing. , a party to the Sadi Carnot case above, has been modifying WP:BAN, a policy which will doubtless be cited in the ArbCom case should it be accepted. He cites for consensus an RFC which he opened at WT:BAN last Thursday. I do not agree that there is consensus after only four days discussion, nor do I feel that it should be Jehochman who makes any changes that might be agreed in the future, at least while he is the subject of an RfAr relating to this policy. As such, I have reverted his changes here. Physchim62 (talk) 13:43, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* It would be better to take this to WP:AN i believe. -- FayssalF - Wiki me up® 13:53, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Done. It is now here. Physchim62 (talk) 14:01, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
AfD closed by anon, reopened
Fram 14:31, 29 October 2007 (UTC) Following the edits of, who left me a one month block notice on my talk page, I found that (likely the same person) had closed Articles for deletion/AeroFox (2nd nomination) as "keep" and signed it as. Obviously an impostor, and the comment was signed January '07. AfD is not an area in which I participate, so is there anything else that needs to be done? Extend closing, relist, etc? Thanks, - <font color="#0000cd">auburn <font color="#EF6521">pilot talk 13:47, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thats very strange, and clearly done on purpose to try and trick the system, since two very similar IPs !voted keep on the afd. The AFD should either be re-opened, or even just speedy the article since it looks pretty spammy to me. And the Ip should be blocked, is there a specific policy for impersonating another editor--Jac16888 13:54, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Both blocked (one and two minutes before the first report here, no less :-) ) Fram 14:31, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
SNOW closure requested
Any rogue admins want to WP:SNOW close this AFD so we can put the article on DYK in the next few hours? Despite being the "ultimate guy to say or judge", I'm not enthused about closing a discussion I've participated in.--chaser - t 17:13, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Done. WjBscribe 17:17, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Someone threatening suicide
What does everyone think of this? ₪PhatBob₢ 22:13, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Someone trolling. Edits should be deleted. Theresa Knott | The otter sank 22:17, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Can we get a short block on the IP, per the last time we did this sort of thing (ie, suicide threats. Granted, it may be trolling, but I don't see the harm in following WP:SUICIDE). (Or is it less likely to be helpful give that IPs can shift?) -- B figura (talk) 22:35, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Blocked for 31 hours. Theresa Knott | The otter sank 22:40, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'll try and make a report to the local police to be on the safe side. -- B figura (talk) 22:53, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'll try to talk to him. -<font color="#006400">Go od sh oped 22:55, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Reported to Reston, VA police office (based on a WHOIS), although they said that since they couldn't determine a location, there wasn't anything they could do. (They suggested contacting my local police, which seems odd). -- B figura (talk) 23:01, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* In any event, I'm about to loose 'net access for a bit, so I'll hope it's a hoax, and count this as a good deed for the day. -- B figura (talk) 23:02, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Unfortunately, Reston is only the location of the Verizon Internet headquarters, their access is US-wide. Corvus cornix 23:14, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Whoops. Thanks. -- B figura (talk) 23:45, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Nothing more we can do then. Suggest archiving this thread per don't feed the trolls. - Jehochman Talk 23:19, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Again? JuJube 23:20, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Also, notify the WikiMedia Office, per WP:SUICIDE, then I suggest archiving this thread to avoid encouraging people to create hoaxes. Once the problem is dealt with, put the thread away. - Jehochman Talk 23:22, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Actually, I just found the location of the person, Verizon is simply the provider. It is located in Newton, Mass. Should I call their police? Ne<font color= "#03C03C">ra<font color= "#32CD32">n e i (talk) 23:24, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, call local police. Notify WMF foundation here: Contact us. - Jehochman Talk 23:25, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* I've called (I'm a minor, so this could turn out badly), and am currently on the phone. I will contact the Foundation asap. Ne<font color= "#03C03C">ra<font color= "#32CD32">n e i (talk) 23:37, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* I've just gotten off the phone, they have all the information and said that they'll take suicide threats seriously etc. I hope this is all sorted. Regards, Ne<font color= "#03C03C">ra<font color= "#32CD32">n e i (talk) 23:47, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
I called Verizon's abuse hotline and they finally directed me to the email address from the Whois info. I sent them an email, but all I've gotten back was a form response.--chaser - t 23:30, 30 October 2007 (UTC
Another weird thing
Again, this might not be the right forum, but here goes. I created the secttion above titled "Weird", but I forgot to sign it. The new weird thing is that somebody else's signature got attached to it. I'm not User:Jéské Couriano and the diffs show that I made the edit. Any idea why this happened? --Steven J. Anderson 09:38, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* At a quick glance, looks like you forgot to sign and sinebot got confused (I didn't go through the history). Not surprising that sinebot would get confused -- this has to be one of the most active discussion pages on WP. You can always fix it. Into The Fray <font color="#999999">T /<font color="#999999"> C 09:49, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Oops. I used unsigned to give attribution to the post I was answering, but I must have copied the wrong name out of the page history after looking for the diff in which your message appeared. Mea culpa. <font color="#285991">--Dynaflow <font color="#285991">babble 21:42, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Guess I should avoid using "Weird" as a header title... -Jéské ( Blah v^_^v ) 02:58, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
's vandalism and slurs
The report was accidently removed by a bot, so I post it here again. I file a report regarding Sennen goroshi's abusive behaviors. He was once reported here due to his intentional slanders against User:Smoove K, the owner of Heart Corporation in order to avenge his friends on User:Smoove K. ,, , Wiki is clearly not a place for him to work off his grudges, but he repeatedly does that when he conflicts with other parties. I want to report his disruptive behaviors on 3 matters.
* 1st : Reverting my talk page to mock of me. I assume his repeated scorns to be regarded vandalism.
* 2nd: His disruptive behaviors on Korean related articles
* 3rd: His personal and racial slurs. --Appletrees 11:25, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
User:OrbitzWWCorpComm
This seems like a special case, it's the "official" wikipedia account of one of the biggest websites in the world. I looked though the edits and it seems like it's only one user and that he understands the WP:COI policies. I'm willing to WP:AGF and unblock. Any objections. Jbeach sup 17:29, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Just a couple of caveats... If Mr. Hoyt is willing to submit an email to a trusted member of the community, from his corporate email account, affirming his identity and confirming that he will be the only one editing from this account, then I don't see a problem here. I'd rather see a corporate editor editing from a known account per the notes lined out on the user page than have them trying to do it on the sly. In a lot of ways this should be the model for how we interact with corporate entities (minus the unfortunate block of the account of course). This would be better as the norm than as a special case.--Isotope23 talk 17:36, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I agree with the unblock, it makes a change to see a user from a company who is willing to follow the correct policies, and this user seems to have no intention of trying to push POV or bias across, indeed they seem to be quite the opposite. I would recommend getting them to email from their company email account to confirm who they are though. I get the feeling that we are gonna start getting more and cases like this, where people's roles within a company specifically involves maintaining a wikipedia presence.--Jac16888 17:51, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I agree with the unblock (and the undeletion of the user page). Perhaps it could be suggested that the account be renamed to be that of a nickname Mr. Hoyt selects? Perhaps we need to revisit WP:ROLE? But it does seem like this sort of principled editing approach, pledging to stay to the talk pages and provide sources to avoid COI, is exactly what we want to promote. Would that more PR departments took this approach rather than on the sly. ++Lar: t/c 17:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* As the blocking admin, I have no objections to the unblock provided that it's clear only one person is behind the account, regardless of whether or not it's renamed. -Jéské ( Blah v^_^v ) 02:50, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
We generally block all role accounts. We get dozens a day. I do think that the way we deal with them needs to be revisited though as we ask them to rename which drives them underground. Secretlondon 17:59, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I oppose the unblock because this looks like a role account. Additionally, I have reason to believe this user is acting in concert with a banned user. Orbitz can easily register a new account that doesn't use a corporate name. - Jehochman Talk 17:56, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I think perhaps someone just latched onto this at WR as a way to get some shots in at the WMF. But perhaps you have information that is not public? ++Lar: t/c 17:59, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I have information that is not public. Strongly urge not unblocking. Role accounts could invalidate our GFDL licensing. This is a technical/legal requirement, not something that should be decided by anybody except Wikipedia's legal counsel. - Jehochman Talk 18:02, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* If you've got information that you are willing to share offline via email, I'd like to see it. I've been digging around and I came to the same conclusion Lar did.--Isotope23 talk 18:06, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Email me. - Jehochman Talk 18:07, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Sent. ++Lar: t/c 19:53, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thus my caveat above that the primary named editor confirms he is the only one using this account. I think is correct; the way we currently deal with this just drives editors to work below the surface, so to speak.--Isotope23 talk 18:04, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Don't take this the wrong way, but the letter you are asking for, are you qualified to make a legal determination about that letter being sufficient? Are you going to keep that letter for years on file and make it available if there's a copyright dispute in the distant future? This sort of thing needs to be handled by the WikiMedia office, not us volunteers. - Jehochman Talk 18:11, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Absolutely not. I would/should not be making those types of determinations. What I'm talking about narrowly, is that if someone asserts their identity as a representative of a company and commits to editing within the boundaries of policy, we should let them. One of the caveats I should have mentioned above was that the username needs to be changed as well per Jehochman's point on copyright... but that is why we discuss stuff rather than run off half-cocked and take action eh?--Isotope23 talk 18:17, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Perfect. If the username is changed to something that doesn't suggest it being a role account, I have no objection to unblocking. - Jehochman Talk 18:31, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Role accounts are blocked. This is not a special case. The only special case is User:Schwartz PR. EVula // talk // ☯ // 18:08, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
IANAL, but ... the "keeping the letter" part is a non issue. The way to save a "letter" around here is to ask that it be sent to OTRS. Then when it is received, put the OTRS ticket number on the user page. That should suffice (unless we lose OTRS) for this sort of thing just as it does for copyright permissions. I have an OTRS ID and will be happy to go find the ticket number once the email is sent, given enough info to find it, like what email addy it came from. (if this isn't any good because we lose OTRS, we are in big trouble anyway as we have thousands of copyright permissions on file there)... As for the role account thing, maybe we do need to revisit it. I don't quite see why Schwartz PR gets a pass just because they are OUR pr firm. Trying to think out of the box here... What if this account identifies the names of the people behind it? Again, if worst comes to worst, rename the account to an ID of Mr. Hoyt's choice, and require that only Mr. Hoyt edit with it. Other OrbitzPR people can later edit with different accounts and they can all tag their accounts as being related to each other (hey, a use for userboxes!). But I very MUCH do not want to discourage corps editing if they abide by the COI guidelines, I want to encourage that. ++Lar: t/c 19:53, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* These are all good ideas, but this crosses into legal territory which is not for us to decide. I don't want to discourage constructive participation by corporate editors. Better to have them above board than sneaking around, but we need to involve the lawyers to change how we handle role accounts. - Jehochman Talk 19:55, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Sure. Let's not change policy ad hoc. If we need to get Mike Godwin involved, lets. But I suggest we figure out what we as a community WANT to do first, and then ask him so he can make the best use of his precious time. For now, for this account, it should be renamed to not be a role account, and then unblocked (or abandoned and a new account created in one user's name). If there later is a policy, a new account can be created (or this one reactivated). My point about the letter was that the retention bit was a non issue. We have a system for that, OTRS. ++Lar: t/c 20:25, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* OK so where does this get discussed? WP:ROLE and the talk page lead to somewhat dusty and not very used Meta pages. ++Lar: t/c 20:48, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* How about the Village pump policy section? - Jehochman Talk 20:51, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Should this edit be reversed?
just replaced most of Suspected sock puppets/<IP_ADDRESS> with a request for courtesy blanking. If this was a user page, I would say it's his/her prerogative, but this is in Wikipedia space. On the other hand, we courtesy blank things like AfDs and this user has said he/she is leaving the project.
acknowledged using the <IP_ADDRESS> account which led to the original sock puppet report. That account was created after the AutoNOC article edited by <IP_ADDRESS> was deleted. Popperian then nominated close to 20 articles about competitors for deletion in a fit of pointiness. (These AfDs were speedy deleted; some have been reinitiated on a more methodical basis by established editors).
There's also this deletion of WP:COI/N content that should be considered for reversion.
Popperian/<IP_ADDRESS>'s tenure here was tediuous and unpleasant both for Popperian/<IP_ADDRESS> and our regular editors:
* Wikipedia:Suspected sock puppets/<IP_ADDRESS> (older version)
* User talk:Popperian (older version)
* User talk:<IP_ADDRESS> (older version)
* Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/AutoNOC (older version)
* AfD was subsequently courtesy blanked
* Wikipedia:Conflict of interest/Noticeboard#AutoNOC (older version)
What do others think?
Thanks for your advice, --18:15, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Just to note, there was a thread started on WP:AN asking for the Popperian account to be deleted. Looks like a number of courtesy blankings have been done, but I would kind of question courtesy blanking of an SSP page, myself. Tony Fox (arf!) 20:07, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
User:Useruser1x
Single-purpose account, spamming United Nation of Islam. Ignoring warnings, refusing to listen to reason, and insulting editors who remove the offending material. Has spammed the page 4 times in the last 24 hours. When I logged on this morning, I issued a warning for WP:3RR violation. Useruser1x has also claimed to be taking the matter to ArbCom, but has not filed the appropriate forms. I have also informed Useruser1x of the probable rejection of the matter by ArbCom. Michaelbusch 20:23, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I have become involved as I originally semi-protected the page several days back when the article originally had POV additions made by anons, and am now listed as a "party" in this ArbCom "request". I have also become extremely busy in real life and have not been able to look at this. Would a uninvolved Admin who has some time available take a look at Talk:United Nation of Islam and see what's up? My impression is that User:Useruser1x is a novice-ish user who wants to add POV to the article and does not understand how edit within Wikipedia's guidelines, however I have not looked into things deeply recently. -- Flyguy649 talk 21:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I have also informed User:Useruser1x of this thread. -- Flyguy649 talk 22:09, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I think there's more to the history of than what's mentioned here. I asked User:Masonuc back in mid-September why he made this edit claiming that Royall Elliot Jenkins is "borderline illiterate and unable to speak clearly or intelligently." (That sort of thing violates WP:BLP. Masonuc answered saying, "You cannot allow this cult to advertise freely on wikipedia without a thoughtful, neutral position." Masonuc later retracted those claims and replaced them with something more neutral, although this edit at User talk:Useruser1x still looks rather libelous. I think there's a slow edit war going on between and, and I'm not even sure what the "correct" version of the page is. The edit war appears to have started with this edit in mid-August, so neither of them look exactly like new editors. Most of the article isn't supported by reliable sources anyway (which is no surprise). Neither Masonuc nor Useruser1x has actually discussed the issue. I wouldn't be surprised if this issue actually has to go to arbitration. --Elkman (Elkspeak) 22:44, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Elkman is correct that Masonuc also has a problem on this article. I've had to issue repeated warnings about breaching WP:CIVILITY and making personal attacks (anything further and I'll ask for a short block for Masonuc). I also started watching this article when an anon was blanking the page, and have got to feeling that I am caught between two fires. Re. them being new editors: the dispute may have been going for several months, but Useruser1x hasn't been editing anything other than UNOI, and so may have remained unaware of the rules of Wikipedia until recently. Masonuc also seems to have an axe to grind, but has done some editing outside this particular page. Michaelbusch 23:56, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I also am very much annoyed by Useruser1x's continued accusations that I am fabricating information in this article, when all I have done is to cite external sources, including UNOI itself. I must also exclude myself from further deliberations, as I fear that my neutrality has been compromised by Useruser1x's continued insults (see Talk:United Nation of Islam). Michaelbusch 04:01, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Elkman, I have not discussed this matter with Masonuc because he has offered very little participation on the UNOI discussion page. Also Michaelbush has commandeered the United Nation of Islam article and has incorporated his edits with those of Masonuc. Since Michaelbush’s first edit on United Nation of Islam’s article on October 17, 2007; Michaelbush has made 41 edits to the United Nation of Islam article, I made 10 edits and Masonuc has made 7. UNOI history page.
* I am advocating a non-bias article with multiple major news and business journal citations which includes but is not limited to the Christian Science Monitor, Kansas City Business Journal, Kansas City Star, Kansas City Kansan, Associated Press etc. I have found approximately 50 such articles and used many of them (20) in the article. Here is the link to the article.
* Here are the diffs between Masonuc and Michaelbush’s version. Michaelbush’s version is heavily referenced from one (1) tabloid style reference and according to him it is also a bias article. Even after admitting that his primary source is bias, he also has disregarded approximately 50 non-bias references. In addition to that, I have listed several examples of non-factual content in Michaelbush’s version and he still to this day ignores the evidence that supports the non-factual nature of his article. I am not against adding controversy to the article however I am against the blatant un-factual nature of Masonuc and Michaelbush’s combined version; the overbearingly negative tone (because of his heavy use of one tabloid style reference unbalanced by majority non-bias references apx(50)) and his reluctance to dialogue concerning the blatant errors in their version.
* My first edits to the United Nation of Islam article were saturated with explanations of content. I have since continued to edit the article to remove them and consequently remove any concerns of POV or Advert. It is a work in progress.
* I recommend that everyone review Talk:United Nation of Islam). Useruser1x 06:09, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Greater Grace World Outreach
Oh dear... where to start. The edit history speaks for itself. is at the root of the problems, consitently removing sourced information that alludes to the organisation's "darker side". See Category:Suspected Wikipedia sockpuppets of Andala for a list of socks he's used when he's been blocked. I can keep reverting again and again, but this shouldn't be happening really. He never breaks the 3RR, and blocking isn't something that can be done AFAIK, because it's technically a content dispute. I've filed an RFC, to no avail (no-one has responded). Several other editors have happened on the article, but none have removed valid sourced information like Andala does. Frankly, I'm fed up, and I refuse to admit that nothing can be done about this. Ideas? Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry 21:12, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I've had my eye on this article for a while, and it seems to me that Andala is obviously pushing a PoV here. He/she never provides sufficient explanation for removing sourced information, and the only sourced information that is deleted is that which potentially shows the organisation in a bad light. Some sort of protective action needs to be taken. Yeanold Viskersenn 22:10, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Hmm... Not an ideal solution, but it'll work for now I guess :-) Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry 00:46, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Threat
User:Tony300 has just posted this on his user page; I think this is the right place to report this sort of thing. —Salmar (talk) 21:58, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I've popped the page up for G10 speedy deletion (attack page) and reported him to AIV. Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry 22:01, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I've deleted the user page and indef-blocked the user. --John 22:04, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Banned user spamming Armenian articles
Banned user under his latest incarnation is spamming Armenian history articles again. Please ban the new account. --Folantin 22:08, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Blocked by Ryulong. <b style="color:green;">IrishGuy</b> <sup style="color:blue;">talk 22:18, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
User:Melodeathfreak
These are his/ her contributions here. Every single one of his/ her edits had to be reverted by me and others. They are just plain vandalism. He/ she seems to be talking about how great bands are and talking about how hot Angela Gossow is and how good genres are. This user needs to be warned and/ or banned. I can't even explain how ridiculous his/ her edits were. Navnløs 22:16, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* No new edits since your last warning; maybe she's stopped. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 22:25, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Looks like a vandalism only account, and if they continue, report to WP:AIV. Tiptoety 23:50, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Reported to WP:AIV and they did not block due to a lack of warns. Tiptoety 00:16, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
and and
These articles have been the subject of incessant vandalism from anon IPs. I and others have requested that they be protected, but that has not occurred. The answer was that they needed sources before action would be taken. They are now sourced, the vandalism is continuing, and still they are not being protected. How many anon IP vandals must be coddled before hard working editors can catch a break around here? Jeffpw 23:12, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Semiprotected the two sisters for 48 hours to see if the fuss dies down. The level of IP vandalism to Hot House Entertainment doesn't really seem to warrant it so I've left it unprotected for the moment.<font face="Trebuchet MS"> — <font color="#E45E05">iride <font color="#C1118C">scent 23:19, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you very much. I sincerely appreciate the help I get from people here. Jeffpw 00:09, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Range block
Can someone who's good with range blocks check out the activity on User talk:Misza13? <font color="#4169E1">W<font color="#191970">ODU P <font color="#4169E1">(<font color="#191970">? ) 00:15, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Just done here - A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is o n ❤ 00:27, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* ✅ - Ok - rangeblocked <IP_ADDRESS>/18 for three hours. It's part of the Orange UK network - A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is o n ❤ 00:29, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you, Alison. :) <font color="#4169E1">W<font color="#191970">ODU P <font color="#4169E1">(<font color="#191970">? ) 00:37, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Repeated insults for months.
User:Shabiha has consistently insulted me personally over content disputes across multiple articles for quite some time now, despite repeated warnings. This has gone on across the Deobandi, Barelwi, and Mawlid talk pages and also the talk pages of multiple users. This has also been through multiple IP addresses signing comments as Shabiha during discussions on talk pages. This is what I dug up of personal attacks from just about two minutes of searching: And from my previous warnings to this person: I thought my second warning in particular got the point across, but apparently not. I found this while going to the talk page of a Wiki buddy: I tried my best to warn this person to keep discussions civil and about the subject matter, and not myself. I really, really tried. With that in mind, I ask for an admin to take a serious look at this, as given the amount of warnings i've given consistently and the civility i've displayed despite these insults I think this warrants more than just another warning on this person's talk page. I can find many more diffs like the above if need be as well. MezzoMezzo 02:03, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* 18:55, 26 September 2007
* 19:02, 26 September 2007
* 20:29, 27 September 2007
* 23:16, 26 September 2007
* 23:20, 26 September 2007
* 22:57, 27 September 2007
* 19:26, 29 October 2007
* I think you can take this to Wikiquette alerts. The diffs don't seem to show anything that's immediately blockable. This looks like a new user who is having difficulty communicating. With a bit of advice from neutral parties, the situation could improve greatly. It's better to attempt to solve the problem by agreement. - Jehochman Talk 02:11, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* I wasn't aware of that noticeboard. Would you advise me to take what i've written here and simply transplant it over there? MezzoMezzo 03:21, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Okay, I really am not sure what's going on here. This guy (or girl, whatever), earlier, had a category created called Category:Albums that rock!, which was deleted. He (or she... just using he from now on) later took a page called A Mi Manera, which I created as a redirect, and turned it into some page about some show on Univision that's supposedly coming out. It got AfD'd. He exhibited bad behavior towards other users, and I admittedly made a mistake in leaving a snide remark on his talk page about it. He's now claiming to be one of the stars of the show "A Mi Manera" and leaving strange messages on my talk page, one of which he signed from another user account. He's on his final warning for removing the AfD notice, but I don't exactly know what I should do here. JuJube 02:28, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Hi. I don't really know if i should be here, but i am a guy. I AM a star on that show. And I promise I will have a good attitude from now on. I admit i was rude to JuJube. Im sorry. And delete the page if you must.Empezardesdecero123 02:37, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Which other username did he sign under? Tiptoety 02:49, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Empezardesdecero123 received final warn for attacks. Tiptoety 03:24, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Yeah, I'm done with this for now, the behavior's stopped and there's really no need to proceed further unless he's disruptive again. JuJube 03:36, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
User:Whig
Hi there, after a RfC link and discussion at ANI link this user was put under a topic ban on homeopathy pseudoscience and other fringe science issues. He was allowed to continue to edit Talk:Homeopathy, where he has begun to persistently push for speculative and unreliable sources to be included into the article. Could an admin look over his edits and think about either warning him or re-blocking him, because I think he is acting in a tenditious and disruptive fashion. Tim Vickers 19:31, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* I have not been placed on any topic ban whatsoever. I deny that I have pushed for unreliable sources. I am not blocked whatsoever. Whig 19:42, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* That's false. You have been community banned (link) from the homeopathy article, but you have not been blocked, yet. Wikidudeman (talk) 19:53, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* The topic ban was on homeopathy, diff, where the current problem has occurred. This user was advised only 12 days ago to leave this topic alone and move to other areas diff. Tim Vickers 19:50, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* I have not edited the homeopathy article since the editing restriction was imposed. Whig 19:53, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* If his editing at Talk:Homeopathy has been disruptive or tendentious, it would seem logical to extend the topic ban to include the talk page as well as the Homeopathy article itself. Raymond Arritt 20:03, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* That would make sense. Wikidudeman (talk) 21:01, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* I agree with Raymond, but I've been watching the talk page, and I think this falls short of that. He's basically been arguing that an absurd spiritualist-flavored article from a one-time physicist should be included. However, I think his misunderstandings of RS are good faith, and until he demonstrates otherwise, he shouldn't be entirely banned. Until then I agree with this comment. Cool Hand Luke 21:14, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* As well as the "quantum mechanics" article, he was pushing in the section two above (link) for a speculative article on water memory to be included. This isn't a one-off incident but a long-term pattern. Whig has been editing Wikipedia since April 2004, if he hasn't grasped the core policies by now, I don't think there is much hope of him ever doing so. Tim Vickers 21:18, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* You're right. I was confused by the sock puppet accusation. I thought he was fairly a new user, but he should know better. In that case I would go along with any sanction others might find appropriate, including a total ban from Homeopathy. Cool Hand Luke 21:23, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* Homeopathy is a difficult discussion because it is a polarizing topic. Most editors who are regularly involved have made it known by one means or another that they are anti-homeopathy.
* I believe Whig tries to maintain a neutral POV. I can show instances to support this if anyone is interested.
* Almost any time that the discussion hinges on POV, Whig is facing several others, most or all of whom are arguing against him. However, they are not necessarily arguing the same points, or taking the same line of argument. This must make it difficult, confusing, and frustrating.
* As to the suggestion earlier today that Whig was a “sockpuppet” of Sm565, I think it was disgraceful and abusive. Anyone who followed the discussion when Sm565 was present should know that accusation was not true. When challenged, the editor who made the accusation admitted as much.
* To me, it is unbelievable that someone could make the post they did AND then claim it was NOT a personal attack. Wanderer57 23:00, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* Please stop making false statements based on assumptions of bad faith. I asked Whig a straightforward question in very good faith. I did not accuse anyone of being a sockpuppet. I did not accuse or suggest anything. I just asked a question and got a satisfactory answer. Unfortunately I clicked the wrong place and placed it in a section by itself, instead of my original intention to let it follow in a thread where Whig's disruptive editing style was being discussed. I then just gave it a heading, which made my comment seem alone and thus more provocative, instead of part of a situation and thread where it would have seemed more natural. I can see now that the talk page was not the place to do it and I then moved it to Whig's talk page. I apologize for my poor judgment. -- <b style="color:#004000;">Fyslee</b> / <b style="color:#990099; font-size:x-small;">talk</b> 05:40, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
(Outdent) That sockpuppet idea was just strange, but what we are talking about here is a long-term inability of Whig to understand WP:NPOV and WP:V and how this leads to disruptive behaviour in homeopathy, a subject he seems obsessed with. Tim Vickers 00:31, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* I do not agree that I fail to understand those policies. I believe I have been maintaining NPOV. Whig 00:57, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Let's just extend the ban of him editing the homeopathy to commenting on it's talk page. Problem solved. Who agrees? Wikidudeman (talk) 01:36, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* I entirely disagree with these monstrous and draconian measures. Whig has made numerous useful contributions to this talk page and has engendered good debate in a civil manner. These folks who complain are all anti homeopathy and act like vile gangsters who stifle discussion and who act as bullies. Just because they want GA status and then to use that to become admins. It stinks. Admins ought to stop the bullying and intimdation of editors to that article which is still crap and will remain so because of the antics of these editors who complain here about Whig. My ten cents FWIW. Peter morrell 04:49, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thanks for your comments. Characterizing editors who disagree with you as "vile gangsters" engaged in "antics" is extremely helpful, and contributes strongly to reasoned debate. Raymond Arritt 05:04, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* The article that Whig has been pushing to be included doesn't really appear to be a reliable source to me. (Although I would commend everyone in the talk forum for being polite during the whole discussion). I don't know enough of the history to have an opinion on a warning/ban though. -- B figura (talk) 05:04, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Isn't that a content dispute, then? Whig 06:43, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Seems like it is but what have you been doing there just a few days after the article ban? Would it be wiser to disengage for a while from the talk page? -- FayssalF - Wiki me up® 12:14, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* In my opinion, no. I was expressly welcomed to continue editing the talk page by the admin who imposed editing restrictions. Whig 16:11, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* I want to comment here, but I can not at the moment because I'm at work. I ask that before any action be taken, I can comment. I'll be commenting in a few hours. M er cury 16:34, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* If I may make a suggestion, the editors who are bringing this incident report are welcome to pursue RfAr, which several people in the RfC encouraged them to do. Whig 18:04, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
May I draw everyone's attention to this? He evidently made a user copy of the article he's banned from editing just to add a POV tag. Then decided he liked the Balance tag better. (Then Fyslee, quite rightly, nowiki'd all the tags so that it wouldn't be category-sorted.) Still, though... Adam Cuerden talk 19:31, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Very strange indeed, especially the discussion page, where Whig describes his user-space homeopathy page by writing "This is the NPOV fork". (link). I hesitated earlier before describing Whig's attitude towards homeopathy as an "obsession", but that now looks like a pretty accurate description. Tim Vickers 20:01, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
Just for the record, from Oct 16 (when it was clarified that Whig would be participating in discussion but not editing the article) to Oct 25 (when I put in this comment: "Gentlemen, please pull back a little bit and take some time to think this over") the discussion in Talk:Homeopathy was generally amicable and productive.
Also, on Oct 25 Phoenix 15 posted this message: "I've checked the article against the GA criteria and it appears to meet them all. It's quite a good article. I'll promote it to GA status." Wanderer57 20:27, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
Ok, I have not really looked into to Homeopathy talk, but I would encourage a request for arbitration at this point. There is no point in tightening and tightening restrictions, I do believe this is more complicated and a community based restriction, may not be appropriately applied if it involves talk space. Send this to arbitration for review. M er cury 20:51, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* Maybe RfARb is the way to go, given the RfC findings and ongoing issues with talk-page abuse (disclaimer: User:Whig has moved on to Talk:Christine Maggiore where I've encountered him). On another note, it's inappropriate for a user to maintain a copy of a page he's been banned from editing in his userspace for the apparent purpose of creating a POV fork. I've deleted it. MastCell Talk 23:15, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
* In point of fact, I have been an editor on Christine Maggiore since 2005. Whig 02:00, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* More community sanctions might work better than an arbitration. Wikidudeman (talk) 01:13, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* If you have good cause to dispute my user conduct, why not file an RfAr? Whig 01:58, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* I don't think so Wikidudeman, if there is a dispute still, RFAR is the way to go... I will oppose any sanction involving a talk page. M er cury 02:02, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* They take too long and are too much trouble. I see no need for an RFAr, A simple community block from editing the homeopathy talk page should suffice. It can run concurrent with your current 6 month ban from editing the article. Wikidudeman (talk) 02:03, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* One of the common reasons for RfCs and other such actions is to reduce disruption. An RFAr is one of the most disruptive and time consuming procedures around, and thus would be very counterproductive to the purpose of reducing disruption. Other more effective and quick sanctions are available to any admin who has the courage to act immediately. A topic block of all homeopathic subjects - including talk pages - would help, just for starters. If the same long dragged out discussions without productivity continue, then other types of blocks could be considered. While civility issues mustn't be ignored, civil editors who disrupt are often the most disruptive because they are allowed to continue for so long. They have the same effect as 3RR violators (in spirit) who never revert four times, but edit war constantly. Action, not endless and disruptive DR, is what is needed so we can get on with actual editing. -- <b style="color:#004000;">Fyslee</b> / <b style="color:#990099; font-size:x-small;">talk</b> 04:30, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* I agree with Mercury in part. Talk page restrictions should be made much more hesitantly than namespace, and only with confidence that the user has nothing to add. I might support a community ban later, but we haven't had enough experience with this user under the existing block. Maybe revisit this later. Cool Hand Luke 22:20, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
I have observed the discussion closely - although not been involved in editing the article - and I can state quite categorically that this whole discussion would not have occurred if the proponents had not been so closed to disagreeing sentiments. It seemed at times as if a cabal had been formed whereby alternative points - accompanied by reasoned argument - were discounted merely on the basis of "I do not believe it therefore it is not true, therefore we shall oppose this contributor". I found it disagreeable in the extreme and unworthy of Wikipedia. I would call for an experienced and previously uninvolved editor to review ALL the contributions made with a view to assessing the actions of the proponents of action against Whig. docboat 11:01, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* I agree with docboat's statement. Whig 16:10, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'm sorry, but "closed to disagreeing sentiments"? Homeopathy is clearly false. Thus, it is reasonable to oppose those who say that it is true, with no reason other than that belief. There's no way to be open to disagreeing sentiments any more than one could be open to sentiments that water is made of cheese. -Amarkov moo! 16:49, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* That is the whole issue neatly encapsulated, Amarkov. In your opinion, it is so, but there is plenty of opinion out there - with references and evidence - which would disagree with you. It is right that all opinions - referenced and backed up - should be on display. And FYI, there is plenty of water in cheese. Now Whig may not have the best approach to dealing with the array of editors opposed to him, but the reaction to his editing is disproportionate. All too late now, I suppose, but your comments underline the unfairness of the whole episode. At least, IMHO. docboat 04:41, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I disagree. It is not clearly false to me. Whig 00:04, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
It seems to me, looking at the recent discussion that brought us here, that this is much ado about very little. As I mentioned above, from Oct 16 to Oct 25 the homeopathy discussion was generally amicable and productive. It then split over the merits of two papers by Alex Hankey, Ph.D. Isn't there some simple Wikimechanism to get a ruling on these papers, so life can continue? Wanderer57 16:38, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Of course there is a simple mechanism, it's called consensus. The consensus on the talk page was that the Hankey papers were ridiculous and unusable, except to describe Hankey's opinion which itself is not notable. The problem is that Whig continues to agitate for his preferred changes well after consensus has gone against him. Skinwalker 17:09, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Looking at this pragmatically, since Whig does not seem to have convinced any other editor that it is appropriate to cite the Hankey papers in Homeopathy and since Whig is not editing the article, there is not really a current problem. Wanderer57 23:49, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* I hesitate to bring the content dispute here to ANI. I intend to continue to press that source forward for balance in the present article, however. Whig 00:05, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Let me make this clear, the inclusion of links to Barrett without balance is an NPOV violation in my opinion. Whig 00:08, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Furthermore I would continue to develop this source to see whether he is notable in his own right, etc. Whig 00:11, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* There's actually quite a bit more to say, but not in ANI. Whig 00:14, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* "Press that source forward"? The only way to gain acceptance for the source is to develop a consensus. You've failed to convince any other editor of its appropriateness, regardless of their POV's. Your approach is not only failing to generate consensus, but is actively disruptive (see here or your current RfC). Continuing to "press the source forward" in the face of consensus, using this sort of approach, is textbook tendentious editing and, one would presume, the basis for the calls to ban you from the article talk page. MastCell Talk 00:21, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Please do not accuse me of things I have not yet done. How I would press it would be an NPOV dispute. Whig 00:23, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I had hoped that we could settle this matter without the agony of an arbcom proceeding, but it is becoming increasingly clear that will be impossible. The only alternative would be for everyone simply to ignore Whig's tendentious use of the Talk page. In practice, there will always be people who can't resist the temptation to respond. Raymond Arritt 00:28, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Raymond Arritt puts forward a good alternative. There is already a section on the talk page for discussion of the Hankey papers. If anyone WANTS to continue to discuss those papers there, Wikipedia has lots of storage capacity. (Personally, I have formed a pretty definite opinion of the papers, and likely won't discuss them further.) Wanderer57 01:28, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
So what do we do now? It seems like this is a dead end here. I am willing to have RfAr if that is what some editors want to do to prevent me from continuing to edit in Talk:Homeopathy. If I am not blocked or banned from doing so, I intend to continue as I have been, because I have not seen evidence that I am doing anything wrong here. If some other accommodation can be reached short of RfAr, I would be glad to discuss it. Whig 08:55, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, another "accomodation ... short of RfAr" can be used. You can already be blocked (without an RfAr) based on decisions in previous RfArs. Advocacy is forbidden here. Your expressed intention (above) to continue to press this issue in spite of a clear consensus against you is POV pushing and disruption. So on at least three counts you can be blocked from editing any article related to homeopathy (and its talk pages): (1) advocacy, (2) POV pushing (3) disruption. Any admin can do it right now at the drop of a hat and they will be thanked for it (I'll give them a double barnstar!). If you carry such editing habits to other subjects, you can end up getting banned indefinitely from all of Wikipedia, and it can be done by any admin without an RfAr (which itself is a very disruptive process and should be reserved for extreme situations). Courageous admins have carried out such blocks many times and have saved Wikipedia and its editors from lots of grief and wasted time. -- <b style="color:#004000;">Fyslee</b> / <b style="color:#990099; font-size:x-small;">talk</b> 16:39, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I do not wish to say anything improper to say in ANI, but no block has been forthcoming in several days of asking for one, and if I am blocked I may request RfAr anyhow to review it. I'm not sure what purpose is being served by continuing here. Whig 16:50, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Your expressed intentions are keeping this alive. Until you either stop editing or clearly bow to consensus and stop pushing this agenda, you will be under observation and risk getting blocked for disruption. Your intentions are incriminating. -- <b style="color:#004000;">Fyslee</b> / <b style="color:#990099; font-size:x-small;">talk</b> 17:04, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* My intention is to maintain an NPOV dispute until dispute is resolved. Whig 17:31, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I was referring to your "expressed intentions":
* "I intend to continue to press that source forward ..."
* "I intend to continue as I have been,..."
* Such intentions against consensus are disruptive and fail to respect your fellow editors. -- <b style="color:#004000;">Fyslee</b> / <b style="color:#990099; font-size:x-small;">talk</b> 17:40, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Fine. I propose this Any disagreements? Adam Cuerden talk 17:35, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Whig gets a topic block, including talk pages, from editing any alternative medicine or related subject for say, one month, after which he will be on probation.
* That sounds reasonable. -- <b style="color:#004000;">Fyslee</b> / <b style="color:#990099; font-size:x-small;">talk</b> 17:36, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Given his stated intent to continue tendentious editing until he gets his way, and the objection of at least one admin to an outright block, this is the best of several imperfect options. Raymond Arritt 17:43, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Actually, Mercury said he would oppose any sanction involving a talk page. Whig 17:47, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Since this issue is currently about disruption of talk pages, that suggestion is rather impotent and doesn't make much sense. Talk pages are not havens of refuge for disrupters of talk pages. They can be blocked from access to those talk pages. -- <b style="color:#004000;">Fyslee</b> / <b style="color:#990099; font-size:x-small;">talk</b> 17:56, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
After some discussion with Mercury, we came up with the possibility of Whig getting one post per talk page per day. Let's try that, and see how it goes.
So, to summarise:
°Are we agreed? Adam Cuerden talk 18:38, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Whig may not edit any articles related to alternative medicine, for one month, after which he will be on probation, including 1RR. Tendentious editing after the month may result in either an indefinite ban from alternative medicine, or, if necessary, from Wikipedia.
* Whig is encouraged to find non-controversial articles in any other interests he may have to edit.
* In the alternative-medicine related articles Whig is banned from, he is limited to one post per talk page per day.
* I oppose this. First, because you are broadening the ban without cause. If you are going to limit me on Talk:Homeopathy, that does not mean you should limit me elsewhere. Second, it really only defers arbitration in my opinion if editors continue to object to my maintaining an NPOV dispute. Whig 18:43, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Very well. If you aren't willing to agree to a compromise, and have made very clear that you are unwilling to refrain from tendentious editing, I don't see any choice but a block. Any objections to that? Adam Cuerden talk 18:55, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Not from me; given the near-unanimity at Whig's user-conduct RfC and a lack of interest in modifying his approach, I think that's a reasonable action at this point. MastCell Talk 19:54, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Right. It is done. He is blocked for one month, with indef block as the next step up. I did hope we could reach a compromise whereby he could be encouraged to work on non-controversial pages so that he could learn Wikipedia ettiquette, but, well. He's announced intent to continue tendentious editing, and he refuses to admit even the possibility he might be acting wrongly. Adam Cuerden talk 20:14, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
I have an objection. I don’t think the discussion on this page takes into account the underlying dynamic of the homeopathy talk, and I find it hard to see this as a neutral forum.
Talk:Homeopathy is largely a discussion with one editor who, on a regular basis, is arguing for a “more balanced” article against six or so strongly anti-homeopathy editors. For that one to address the issues raised by the other six, he may have to contribute six times as often, and address a variety of viewpoints. In this situation, it is easy to label the one as “tendentious” and the other six as “reasonable”, no matter if sometimes they take positions that strongly POV.
Let me be clear. I’m NOT saying the one is always reasonable, or the six are always strongly POV. I’m saying the dynamic favors the six, and disadvantages the one.
The homeopathy discussion sometimes resembles a very lopsided tag-team match. When that happens, the dispute is brought here (or to a RfC) to be adjudicated. I think that the same lopsided approach gets brought here to a significant degree.
- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -
Re suggestion of a limit of one post per day in a discussion. In a discussion like homeopathy where there may be 60 posts in one day, that does not allow for any significant participation. Wanderer57 20:15, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Homeopathy is not an easy subject, but that just isn't enough to give a free pass to tendentious, disruptive editors who constantly attack all the other editors. If Whig were less of an extreme case, he might get a bye. In this case, no, sorry. Adam Cuerden talk 20:22, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
'''Adam: I do not think you qualify as a neutral administrator in this particular case. For example, you took the position in talk:homeopathy that a clearly POV site is preferable to a neutral site that uses a blue font. If that is a neutral position, I am the Archbishop of Canterbury.'''
Also, I object that between asking if there were objections, and giving a "ruling", you allowed about 80 minutes on a Sunday afternoon. Wanderer57 20:35, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* And asked the Administrator's IRC channel. Adam Cuerden talk 20:46, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you. How does asking the administrator’s IRC channel allow participation by interested parties who take part of Sunday off? Wanderer57 20:56, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Look, the fact is that advocates of fringe or minoritarian viewpoints have a tough road to hoe on Wikipedia. This is supposed to be a serious encyclopedia. Serious and respected encyclopedias and reference works are generally expected to provide overviews of scientific topics that are in line with respected scientific thought. Wikipedia aspires to be such a respected work. WP:WEIGHT codifies this. Of course minority or fringe viewpoints can be represented and covered, but advocates who relentlessly push for favorable treatment of widely discredited fringe viewpoints and refuse to bow to any sort of consensus or Wikipedia policy don't last long (or rather, they shouldn't but often do). MastCell Talk 00:08, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you, MastCell: I do understand and respect that Wikipedia strives to be a serious reference work.
* My particular concern now is that in my opinion, the administrator who made the ruling on Whig does not qualify as a neutral administrator in this particular case. I emphasize 'in this particular case'. I am not confident that he, or other people involved in the homeopathy discussion, are able to step back and objectively consider my concerns raised above about the "underlying dynamic of the homeopathy talk". Last and least, the 80 minutes allowed to raise objections was not adequate. I would appreciate your feedback on these points. Wanderer57 00:32, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I have to agree with Wanderer - the admin who is blocking is most definitely not neutral, and the ruling is suspect. This needs to be addressed at the admin level - leaving aside the merits or lack of them in blocking Whig, this is highly suspect and detracts from the serious nature of Wikipedia. How does one go about getting an admin reviewed for behaviour? docboat 02:20, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I can not leave the merits aside when reviewing an admin on admin actions. I'm neutral here, and Adam made a good call. The decision to block is not suspect, and I do not believe it detracts from the Pedia. With regards, M er cury 02:32, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Blocking and possible unblocking
* I agree and support Adam here. Please see my talk page and Whig's for what I am willing to do. Regards, M er cury 02:07, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* And I support Mercury: Whig is a borderline case, but one that has stated extreme reluctance to change. If he becomes willing to change, and acknowledge the problems brought up in the RfC, we may be able to make a good editor out of him yet. Adam Cuerden talk 12:08, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Support this block. If Whig had been willing to listen to the good advice given to him by Seraphimblade two weeks ago - "work on editing in other areas, perhaps ones in which you don't have such strong views." - this could have been avoided. However, Whig's obsession with the homeopathy article, inability to respect consensus, and complete lack of understanding of policy makes him a liability. Tim Vickers 16:31, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* In the interest of disclosure: I plan on unblocking, pending Adam's concurrence on his talk page. M er cury 16:47, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
I have agreed - Mercury has come up with reasonable restrictions, though I honestly expect it's just going to mean Whig ends up indef blocked next week, instead of blocked for a month now. I hope to be pleasantly surprised, but... Adam Cuerden talk 19:09, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Wasn't there something about good faith? Wanderer57 01:38, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Actually, Mercury and Adam are bending over backwards and giving Whig every conceivable opportunity to change his egregious behaviour.
* Also, [AGF] does not require that editors continue to assume good faith in the presence of evidence to the contrary. <font face="Times New Roman" color="FF2400">•Jim <font face="Times New Roman" color="F4C430">62 <font face="Times New Roman" color="000000">sch• 07:37, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Hi Jim - Thank you for the feedback. Perhaps egregious is too strong a word here. Adam, who is clearly not a fan of Whig, wrote: "Whig is a borderline case".
* My point about good faith was that after agreeing with the approach Mercury put forward, it was unnecessary and negative to add: "I honestly expect it's just going to mean Whig ends up indef blocked next week, instead of blocked for a month now." Wanderer57 16:57, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
DYK is overdue, admin action requested, here's how
On the main page is the "Did you know" column. It is overdue for change as noted by the clock (which is on red alert). The next update page is ready. It just has to be moved to the main page but this needs admin action.
Next update page is here
Thank you. I usually hold off on mentioning this, but it does seem more time urgent than some of the ANI issues. DYK is on the main page, the most viewed page of WP. Archtransit 17:51, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Just a thought... can't we get a bot to do the page moving... and it would just occur every 24 hours or whatever? I'm not fully into what the tast requires, but there ought to be some way to automate this, instead of having "red alerts". —— Eagle 101 Need help? 04:00, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* No, since this is moving content to the main page, it has to be checked / done by an admin (well, another "trusted user" would be good as well, but since we only have the distinction editor / admin, it has to be an admin). The chance of vandalism and pranks on the main page would be way too big if this was moved by an adminbot. Fram 09:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Again (NOW), it is about 6 hours late. There is a red alert tag (bot generated). DYK is supposed to be changed every 8 hours so in 2 hours, we would have missed a full cycle. I've already moved the hooks to the "next update" page but need admin help to move it to the main page. I've notified 4 admin who frequent DYK who have edited in the last few hours (but they may be asleep). Other admin who frequent DYK haven't edited in many hours. Thank you for your help. Archtransit 15:39, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* I gave it a shot...I've never done it before so please check to make sure I didn't screw it up. — Scientizzle 16:05, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* I wasn't asleep; I was just in a meeting at work. I think sleeping would have been more satisfying than the meeting, since nobody complains about my crappy software when I'm sleeping. On a more positive note, DYK could use more help with people selecting content for the next update page. I looked at DYK earlier this morning and noticed it was out of date, but the next update page had only one entry selected for it, and I didn't have time to select a number of entries and update the template. Non-admin users can select stuff for the next update, and I'd appreciate the help. --Elkman (Elkspeak) 16:24, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* BTW, if you're like me, people still complain about your crappy software when you're sleeping - you just don't hear it. —Wknight94 (talk) 16:40, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
I updated the next update but needed admin help to transclude it. Thanks. Resolved. Archtransit 16:39, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
PalestinedRemembered
Based on my previous warnings with the user, and for the comments at. I recommend a short block of the user, as his mentor. Time period is up to yall. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 00:01, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Blocked 31 hours. Sorry I had to do it as your proxy. I'll leave a short note, but you can explain the reasoning more fully. I think that is long enough to give a lesson, but the attempt in the diff has some redeeeming qualities, so I am not willing to go a week. GRBerry 01:22, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* That is not a problem if someone had to do it as proxy. Based on edit habits, he edits while I am at classes, etc. In future cases, if the user needs to be blocked for any reason whatsoever, all I ask is someone just tell me it occurred. I will not contest it. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 01:28, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
I resign as his mentor, seeing I am not effective enough in dealing with this user. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 07:44, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* cough* I'm sorry to see you go. I had high hopes for you as his mentor. Kyaa the Catlord 07:52, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I think this user is perhaps less reformable than was hoped. I don't think this is a failing on Zscout's part. Guy (Help!) 12:48, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Mentorships rarely succeed, in my experience. ·:· Will Beback ·:· 19:20, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I agree it wasn't a failing on Zscout's side. He's been damn good as mentors go. Kyaa the Catlord 08:12, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Since Zscout has resigned this (and all his other) mentorship positions, there is no point in reinforcing Zscout's mentorship lessons. As such, my block is no longer preventative, and by policy needs to end, so I am undoing it. PR knows that we will attempt to make mentorship work. (Although I'd go further than Will; I'm not aware of any cases where mentorship has worked.)
PR has also emailed me explaining the reasons for the diff pointed out above. As I thought ("some redeeming qualities") the diff had a reasonable purpose - it was intended to move toward dispute resolution. I think Jaakobou and PR are likely to end up in front of ArbComm due to inability to resolve their dispute. As there have been before and continue to now be other similar complaints about J's behavior by editors in good standing, I fully expect him/her to end up sanctioned by ArbComm when that happens. GRBerry 21:29, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* And I have no issues with the unblock. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 02:44, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
'User:Dominique Blanc' stealth vandalism
I have warned at his user talk, but issue seems serious with User:Jeffpw helping him out in his vandalism efforts. Normal vandalism is easy to fight out, rather joy to, but this sock-puppet vandalism(somebody pretending as new user) really hurts/pains. He changes cited urls to 404 links, which is long term agenda of removing perticular sentence. Please give a look at his talk page im helpless only because he is supported by another user User:Jeffpw Lara_bran 10:49, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* So we have accusations of sock puppetry, vandalism and a wiki conspiracy to thwart Lara bran in his or her edits. A quick look at the article history and talk page should show what's really going on. I have already contacted Alison about this situation, as she is the admin most familiar with Lara bran's editing pattern. Jeffpw 11:24, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Incidentally, one might want to also check out the revision history of Greek love to see some of Lara's other encyclopedic edits. Jeffpw 11:31, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* And she has once again reverted on Pederasty to her own version, against the versionm which was achieved with consensus on the talk page. I do not want to even approach a 3rr, so ask that somebosy impartial look at it and revert if they think it's warranted. Jeffpw 11:36, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* While ignoring the content changes, there is some merit to the claims but whether it's vandalism or careless editing I'd not like to speculate. For example this edit does break links and removes ISBN numbers and on one occasion a page number. One Night In Hackney 303 11:42, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Dominique Blanc is a new editor who is still learning about formatting. I assume good faith and think it was an honest mistake. Lara bran is an editor who has edit warred and wiki-lawyered on more than one article, and thinks s/he has a 3rr quota each day. S/he has a history of reverting incessantly on articles, in defiance of consensus and without discussion. S/he has been warned by many editors and admins alike. This post to ANI is both meritless and meretricious. Why Lara has not been blocked before this is beyond me. Oh, I forgot. S/he has. This is a new account after the last account s/he had was banned. Need I say more? Jeffpw 11:51, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I must say I simply sigh and buckle in for whatever the latest from user Lara Bran. Their language skills seems to change greatly whether seeking an admin to systematically justify whatever is needed ("im helpless") or wikilawyering. Please see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject LGBT studies or User:Vinay412. Benjiboi 11:53, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Oh look! Here's yet another sock of this user! I wonder how many more socks we will find if we dig hard enough. Jeffpw 12:49, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Could you please stop ad hominem arguments? I will appreciate if you talk to the matter, where clear attempt to vandalize sources of an article.. Lara_bran 13:05, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* User:Dominique Blanc edits urls not just in this article, but also other related articles. It seems nothing but deliberate effort to vandalize. It clearly looks single purpose accounts for pederasty related articles. Dispute is certainly not for content, but vandalism of reliable source urls. Lara_bran 13:01, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Dominique has already replied on the article talk page and on my own page that he has had trouble before when formatting. He is working now to repair the refs. This situation is known to all regular editors on that article, and has been discussed. Nobody but Lara bran (who has contributed nothing but chaos to that article) has any concerns about Dominique's intentions. I will remind Lara once again to reread WP:AGF as well as WP:NPA. S/he seems to have forgotten these key guidelines and policies. Jeffpw 13:08, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Lara bran sock of banned user Vinay412
It should be noted Lara bran is not a "she" - "she" is an account of the indef banned User:Vinay412, himself a sock of indef banned user Kuntan - see User_talk:Lara_bran/Archive_1, and. Lara bran/Vinay412/Kuntan was on a final warning already, but I see no reason not to block the Lara bran account given the current activity, and will do so fairly shortly. Neil ☎ 13:07, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you,. Neil. you have made editors too numerous to mention very happy with your post. Jeffpw 13:09, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Indef blocked. Kuntant/Vinay412/Lara bran was on a final chance, has clearly continued to edit disruptively, and is causing a great deal more harm than good. I have indefinitely blocked, and submit this block for review - please provide feedback. Neil ☎ 13:13, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you for restoring my faith in the system. :) --AliceJMarkham 13:47, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I expect that there will be continued pleading for unblocking of on the basis that they are not the same person as . Lara bran has admitted repeatedly to being but denied being Kuntan and I am inclined to believe that. I would request that any admin considering unblocking be aware that, even if they are completely unrelated to Kuntan, they have a disruptive record in their own right. As such, I would urge any admin considering such an unblock to familiarise themselves with the actions of vinay412 and his sock puppets. See also Suspected_sock_puppets/Vinay412 & Suspected sock puppets/Vinay412 (2nd). --AliceJMarkham 13:40, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Endorse block. Lara Bran has been phenomenally disruptive and members of Wikiproject LGBT are more than familiar with his tactics by now. 3rr-limit revert warring on the same articles and templates day after day. POV-pushing, a career of sock-puppetry, etc, etc - A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is o n ❤ 13:47, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Spam Only Account
Special:Contributions/Sarah_stallwood. Looks like this user only contribs have been trying to get her company their own page. <font face="Comic Sans MS"> SashaCall (Sign!)/(Talk!) 18:32, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* It seems she is working through the New Article Creation page. I see no harm at this point as she has not actually created a mainspace article yet. It is unclear to me that the article would be spam if properly written although that remains to be seen. JodyBRoll, Tide, Roll 18:49, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* People with a COI are encouraged to use the New-Article-Request page to have an article written. It's better to be able to work with them then try to fight them. ---J.S (T/C/WRE) 18:51, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* It might be nice if somebody actually told her on her Talk page what the problem is. Corvus cornix 18:53, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Ah. I see that User:Bfigura has done that. Corvus cornix 18:54, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Please be especially nice to COI editors who try to comply with policy by disclosing their interest and working with the community via talk pages, WikiProjects and the new article request page. - Jehochman Talk 18:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Ok. Hopefully the autobio warning wasn't too bitey. -- B figura (talk) 18:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* The issue I'd have with the template warning is that it doesn't quite "fit". It essentially urges this user to not do something they're already not doing, and to do something they are already doing... some hand crafted text afterwards acknowledging that they are indeed complying with the guidelines and thanking them for that might have been a good add on. As for the article decline... I don't know that page's norms very well but the topic seems notable enough. The material this user provided would form a good basis for research into the topic, but there was enough there already for a stub. Is the way that page works that we expect requestors to write fully and correctly formed articles, or just to request that a volunteer do so? I thought the latter although WP:AFC isn't precise on the point. That's not to say that if no volunteer wants to that someone has a right to an article. I strongly agree with Jehochman about this, let's encourage good behaviour so over time we get more of it, and this user's behaviour is far better than most SPAs... ++Lar: t/c 11:44, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Need semiprotection
There are several vandals going after the Cro-Magnon article this afternoon, from different IP addresses. Seems like a coordinated attack -- a group of kids having a good time. Would be great if it could be semiprotected. I don't have time to watch over the article. Thanks! TimidGuy 20:02, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting support.svg Semi-protected for a period of 5 days, after which the page will be automatically unprotected. - main culprit now blocked - A<font color= "#FF7C0A">l<font color= "#FFB550">is o n ❤ 20:32, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Thanks! TimidGuy 11:15, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Question about policy
If an article is protected so that it can only be edited by admins, the template signals a request for an edit to be made. I made such a request at Talk:Views of Lyndon LaRouche, and my request is extremely simple: it requests that some editorial comments be attributed so as not to be confused with the views of the subject, as it says at WP:RS -- "Where there is disagreement between sources, their views should be clearly attributed in the text." However, two editors are resisting the attribution for what I believe can only be called POV reasons.
My question is this: can one admin simply say, sorry, no edit, and then remove the template? This was done by AuburnPilot. Particularly when it has to do with a Wikipedia policy (and we might as well add BLP to the mix in this case,) I think that the template should remain so that other admins can have a look at it. --Masai warrior 23:28, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* The article was protected due to four years of edit warring. Unless there's an uncontested formatting or linking error we should avoid making changes to it. In this case, you proposed a contentious change that had been the topic of lengthy discussion and edit warring. An uninvolved admin looked over the proposal and turned it down. This request is a case of forum shopping. ·:· Will Beback ·:· 23:55, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* When commenting, Will, you ought to identify yourself as one of the two editors who is disputing the attribution, i.e., one of the edit warriors. The other one being Dking/Dennis King, who is citing himself (without attribution) and pushing his POV. --Masai warrior 13:43, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Will has been protecting Wikipedia from long-term abuse by LaRouche fanatics and antifanatics alike. Your contribution history has fewer than 100 mainspace contributions and is pretty much restricted to LaRouche subjects. Single purpose LaRouche accounts may be banned on sight. I have resolved this issue using the banhammer. Guy (Help!) 16:08, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Anyone have experience with User:Neutralizer?
It looks like there might be quite a backstory with User:Neutralizer. If there's anybody around who knows that story, could you take a quick look at User talk:Rayne870, and let me know whether I'm trying to help an innocent newbie who's caught in an autoblock and can't figure out their way out, or if my chain is being yanked? Thanks. --barneca (talk) 01:27, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* That would be me. Neutralizer is a banned vandal fixated on smearing Michael Ignatieff and harassing me, User:Strothra and anyone else who gets in his way by trying to stop him vandalising the Michael Ignatieff article. Last year, under the agreement that we would not report him to his ISP for abuse, he agreed to stop evading his ban and go away quietly. In July, after Daniel and I were renamed, Neutralizer thought that we had actually left, and he decided that meant he could now return and he began editing the MI article again, leading to this AN complaint. I posted on the talk page that we were still here, only renamed and that he was still bound by the community ban, he seemed to disappear again. But he returned recently, using a European IP for a short while and when he was very quickly identified and the "but I can't Neutralizer, my IP is in Europe" defence didn't work, he resumed using his own ISP (Bell Sympatico). After using a variety of socks to troll AFD and DRV and recommencing his trolling, harassment and stalking, I reblocked the ranges that Essjay had previously identified and blocked as the Bell Sympatico IPs he has recently used all fell within the same ranges. It's hard to tell from those few edits on his talk page, but I don't think Rayne fellow is Neutralizer. If he is, though, he will be very easy to pick very quickly. I'll keep an eye on this fellow but I don't think you're being trolled there or having your chain yanked. There is an old SSP here but unfortunately it is very incomplete and out-of-date. Cheers, Sarah 09:05, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thanks. Sarah. Looks like you've talked to them after I called it a night, and they're able to edit. --barneca (talk) 11:56, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
I've just blocked Politics rule for a week for abusive sockpuppetry. He opposed Hdt83's RfA at 15.21, 29 October 2007, shortly followed by Hi264 - and now they are caught in the same autoblock. Seems clear cut to me.... Ry an P os tl et hw ai te 01:52, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* And after being caught out, he's just left which makes it even more clear. Ry an P os tl et hw ai te 01:53, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* User block was changed to indefinite by John Reaves for the same reason. <span style="font-family: Segoe UI, Trebuchet MS, Arial;"><font color="#2E82F4">O <font color="#2E82F4">2 (息 • 吹) 01:55, 30 October 2007 (GMT)
* So MSJapan was on the right track in suspecting disruption at his RfA after all. Too bad it didn't get caught sooner. --Akhilleus (talk) 02:04, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Was it my block of Hi264 that set up the autoblock? I had a feeling something weird would happen if I made that block... RyanGerbil10 (C-Town) 03:18, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yeah it was actually. I'm just a little shocked that Politics rules was silly enough to actually post the autoblock unblock request. Ry an P os tl et hw ai te 09:52, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
"shoot on sight" comment by IP
Regarding the "shoot on sight" comment added by User talk:<IP_ADDRESS>, is there a way of tracking this IP to see if it maps to a named-user account? --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me ) 07:54, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Is that CheckUser or something? --wj32 t/c 08:19, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* WP:RFCU M er cury 10:27, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* But to be honest I don't think that is concerning enough to warrant a RFCU. (if he continues, just ask for the IP to be hardblocked since it doesn't seem to be shared) -- lucasbfr <sup style="color:darkblue;">talk 13:11, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Refiling
Issue not resolved the Issue still stands that ONIH is stalking me and the evidence is based upon the inapropriate place at which a supposed IP that I use was placed. It was placed on the British national party talk page. In a section I had not edited and the talk page which I had not edited for some time. I would like some action taken to remove this harassing and abusive stalker from me. The section can be found here .--Lucy-marie 12:21, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Serious vandalism over Shane Ruttle Martinez
I posted an advisory about the article Shane Ruttle Martinez on the Biography of Living Persons Noticeboard. User:UnionPride who, along with User:Frank Pais and User:SuperVideoGameKid "own" the article vandalized my entry int he following manner by rewriting my post so that it was about a completely different article! These three users have been working in tandem to revert any changes to the article Shane Ruttle Martinez even though the article is filled with vanity phrases and unsourced or poorly sourced claims. UnionPride has also attacked me by accusing me of being a "fascist" because I've edited his article. Biographies_of_living_persons/Noticeboard. Cheap Laffs 15:02, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Main page talk page
Can someone monitor the person who put the "inappropriate" message at the bottom of the above today? Jackiespeel 16:14, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Talk:Main page gets a lot of vandalism - could you provide a diff or a username/IP so we know who specifically? Mr. Z- man 16:42, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Oops...I forgot to come back and leave a note. I'm assuming he was talking about this edit by . I removed the section and left a vandal1 template on his page. Don't think there's anything here that requires more special treatment of any kind. --Onorem♠Dil 16:46, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'd have given a little stronger warning for that, but I agree, nothing out of the ordinary has to be done. Mr. Z- man 17:06, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Block review - JohnEMcClure
Two months ago, I left Wikipedia. I have not returned (and I have no intention to). I am merely opening this discussion to try and get things in the air.
I decided to see whether the time was right by experimenting with a new account, User:JohnEMcClure. Before this, I reread WP:SOCK, and I'm quite sure I didn't violate anything. I didn't edit any articles that I did before. As to what happened, you can see. I did, with some deliberation, try and see what would happen if I tested the line somewhat more than necessary (but I didn't do anything I deemed as a personal attack, as commenting on actions are different from commenting on people). I would request a larger-scale review of what happened, as I feel it reveals some serious problems with how we deal with these things. Perhaps some of you disagree, and I would be interested to see what people think. --Eyrian 09:25, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Would you be willing to permit the account to be unblocked, under the condition that you refrain from edits such as this? Although I originally declined your unblock request, I do believe in second chances and I'd be willing to let you have one, through the JohnEMcClure account, or a fresh one. <font color="#2A8B31">Anthøny 09:32, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'm not really concerned whether the account was blocked or not; if I wanted to do so, I could do it myself. I was making a determination if I would be any happier if I returned; it's clear I wouldn't be.
* The issue I feel is significant is that the actions taken regarding the block were, to me, inappropriate, and that it's a problem that needs to be looked at. --Eyrian 09:38, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* With all due respect, you'd be well-counselled not to unblock your own alternate account. Requests for arbitration/Konstable showed that it was unwise. Daniel 09:42, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yeah, probably. But that's really very immaterial; why would I want the account unblocked? It simply doesn't matter to me. --Eyrian 09:45, 28 October 2007 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eyrian (talk • contribs)
* Maybe I interpreted "I'm not really concerned whether the account was blocked or not; if I wanted to do so, I could do it myself." wrongly. Daniel 09:47, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Indeed, I may not have been clear. The account was designed to be entirely disposable, I have no investment in it whatsoever. Its block status is immaterial. --Eyrian 09:52, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I think what should be discussed here is whether what happened was justified. Anthony has stated that he'd be willing to unblock the other account now. Why? What has changed? The status of the account doesn't matter to me, but what happened to determine that status does. --Eyrian 09:45, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I do not see that this is the correct venue, although I am at a loss to determine which is (Jimbo's talkpage has become deprecated recently), for this meta discussion regarding the communities response to sockpuppets. The matter which might have required admin attention - the tagging of User:JohnEMcLure as a sockpuppet of a banned user (which one has not been indicated) - is either resolved or disregarded. Perhaps Eyrian/JohnEMcClure open an RfC (with input from <font color="#2A8B31">Anthøny ?) to discuss this - interaction with WP might be limited to that one venue. As I said, I don't see any need for admin intervention here. LessHeard vanU 10:05, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* This was my natural choice for a forum to consider a block, though I suppose I didn't count the fact that it was moot too heavily. I don't know if I want to stick around long enough to go through an RfC. I really just wanted to get the issue on the table, and in sight of the right people, and this seemed like a decent way to do that. --Eyrian 10:08, 28 October 2007 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eyrian (talk • contribs)
* For clarification, because simply reviewing the talk page doesn't make it clear, according to the the block log, Durova blocked JohnEMcClure for being a sock of JB196, not for the content disputes necessarily. I have no feeling whether the block was right or wrong at this point, because I am not sure what evidence the sock allegation was made on. Into The Fray <font color="#999999">T /<font color="#999999"> C 10:13, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* We'll have to wait for Durova for the truth, but it seems that the probable beginning was this edit. --Eyrian 10:16, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Umm...if I tested the line somewhat more than necessary..runs along the lines of Creative_trolling I'd think. Eyrian, you continue on your way with your interpretation seemingly of anything later than 1910(?) being trivia and deletable. For some reason you decide to continue incognito (?) and have run into the same trouble. Trouble is where you draw the line in the sand is way past loads of people (which is fine), but you continue to be disruptive about it (which is not), and patronising and antagonistic edit summaries don't help either. You might enjoy yourself more if you did something more creative than working on wiki-pruning so much. C'mon, get an article up to GA or FA even, I'll even help. cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 12:40, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I saw what looked like distinctive JB196 methodology. If this is a different disruptive user then I've no objection to renaming the reason for blocking. Go ahead and request a checkuser. Durova Charge! 14:49, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
I'm confused as to which line he thinks he's testing. The line drawn between real In Pop Culture sections and trivia lists? The line between good sock and bad? It may sound stupid, but I looked at his contribs, and since most mainspace edits removed things like 'Yohgurt in Pop culture', which consisted of a single scene from the Simpsons, I don't see him crossing any particular lines in that regard, and if he really tried to find the tipping point for good sock bad sock, well it's not like that couldn't use some clarifications, we've had a few of those sort of sections here before. ThuranX 15:43, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Requests for arbitration/Alkivar/Evidence would be a worthwhile read. I'm also willing to discuss this offsite with any editor in good standing. Durova Charge! 15:58, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* this is one example, though an article which needs cleanup - there is alot of literature etc. written about the subject. Much of what he has deleted is extremely trivial, but he has some very strong views which at the other end are only shared by a few and quite arbitrary and is prepared to really push the point at times. To be fair alot of messy articles that survived deletion were improved but the whole saga was the most unpleasant I've been involved with in my time here. cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 20:22, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* The alternate account also posted in this discussion: Articles for deletion/Television series considered the greatest ever (2nd nomination). Sincerely, --<font face="Times New Roman"> Le Grand Roi des Citrouilles Tally-ho! 22:55, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
What is going on here?
I'm unfamiliar with some of the history. But from what I can tell an admin with an apparent history of contentious edits disappears for two months then upon return creates a fake account as a disposable "experiment" to see what happens if he provokes people by taking things "over the line." The first edit this new account does is take up the WP:POINT work of a contentious editor accused of being the proxy of one of Wikipedia's most notorious sockpuppeteers ever, who has just triggered a massive ArbCom case involving a couple dozen Wikipedians. He then votes to delete an article in a contested AFD. The admin then uses the fake account to commit incivilities, accuse me of stalking him, make vague predictions of prevailing and edit warring against me (which, given that it was actually an admin in disguise, is rather ominous), and deny that it's a sock puppet.
I will hold my tongue here until and unless I learn all the facts. Given that he has hidden the truth and only admitted things once people caught on, how can one be sure one knows everything? The only question is how one interprets it. At best this is strange conduct for an administrator - copy-catting an editor who just caused an arbcom case seems misguided. Administrators are supposed to carry mops and brooms, not carry out elaborate ruses to test the community's response to provocation. At worst it violates fundamental behavior policies.
It seems reasonable to investigate whether Eyrian has sockpuppeted elsewhere, or is a sockpuppet, or is somehow connected with Alkivar, Burntsauce, and/or JB196. A block while we sort it out might make some sense. He claims he has no intention of returning to Wikipedia anyway so surely he won't be inconvenienced. Depending on what we find, some of these accounts may be logical parties to Alkivar's ArbCom case or a new arbitration request, or are simply blockable. You can obviously form up your own opinion and decide what to do. Just letting you know from the peanut gallery as one who is affected when administrative matters get out of hand, this is beyond odd, it's creepy. - Wikidemo 07:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* A desysopping should be considered at this point, at least. Neil ☎ 10:24, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Probably, yes. Breaching experiments are a seriously bad idea. Guy (Help!) 10:31, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Hmm...when you spell it out like that Wikidemo it does indeed get murkier. OK, what now? I was unaware of the other issue. cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 10:51, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Perhaps a RFCU should be made as we have an account which it admits to have a sock that is acting peculiarly? –– Lid(Talk) 13:42, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I've added some evidence to Requests for arbitration/Alkivar/Evidence. But I'm not sure that is the best venue for a desysopping to be considered. Nor am I certain that one is required. What is the best venue? GRBerry 20:26, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
FWIW I'm pretty certain he posted under the IP <IP_ADDRESS>, attempting to blank an articvle where his afd had failed and making several other contensious edits before eventually flaming out again. Artw 20:46, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Hmmm... a fairly busy IP for a while wasn't it? cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 00:52, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Additionally here was an RfC which didn't go ahead just to give some history. cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 01:13, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Sorry, only admins will be able to view deleted material. cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 02:25, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Update. User:Eyrian left Wikipedia again, deleting (and possibly salting?) various of his and User:JohnEMcClure's pages on his way out here (which he did last time too). Can we just take his word that he's gone and indefinitely block him and his IP? If he ever wants to return we can deal with it then; just no nasty surprises like this one. Also, he probably should return as a non-admin, which can be a condition to unblocking. Yet, something doesn't add up. An admin leaves two months ago abruptly and under a cloud, comes back to conduct a sockpuppet "experiment" to see if the time is right for returning, reveals himself only when exposed, takes up random miscellaneous work as if he never left, then leaves again in less than a day. Is he still with us or will he return on some other account(s)? Given the suspicious connection with the Alkivar/Burntsauce case, the mention of at least one other sockpuppet, and the possible relation to JB196, is there any possible way to investigate whether he is connected to Alkivar/Burntsauce (and therefore belongs in that case), or other as-yet unknown sockpuppets and meatpuppets? Wikidemo 21:44, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Me n Eyrian don't have one another on our best friends lists, so I'll avoid getting too involved here, but I think it's reasonable to say that if Eyrian were to reapply for adminship it wouldn't be likely to pass (for better or for worse). I would just give the account regular editor status for now and maybe put a "user believed to have left" tag on his user page to avoid confusion. — <span style="font:bold 11px Arial;display:inline;border:#000066 1px solid;background-color:#E6E6FA;padding:0 4px 0 4px;">xDanielx T/C 05:17, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
Using Wikipedia just as a signature collection
Although they are new users, and look to be only here to see how big they can make their guestbook, they seem to know eachother, and I assume one has told the other about Wikipedia, and how fun it is. While using guestbooks is not against the rules here at Wikipedia, I believe it should be if the user is only using Wikipedia to make their signature book as big as possible. I have a signature book available for anyone to sign, yet I still edit mainspace. What are people's views on this, and what would be the appropriate action to take? I gave one of the users a self made note/warning, and would like others views on this. Thanks, — <font color="Red">j acĸrм (<font color="Black">talk ) 20:41, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* WP:NOT clearly says that Wikipedia is not for the purposes that these two editors have been pursuing. This is policy. I am familiar with Eddymania7, as I've had to revert a number of "vandal"/test edits. I almost blocked the account as a vandalonly account, but his edits did not seem malicious, just misguided. If the editors are here to contribute, then it is not so much an issue. But if their only edits are for socializing, then there are a lot of other free resources for this purpose. — User: (talk) 21:07, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
Both users have also removed my notices I left them about not using Wikipedia for these purposes. This leads me to believe they have not read them.. — <font color="Red">j acĸrм (<font color="Black">talk )
* I suspect it means they read them but don't care. Matthew Brown (Morven) (T:C) 21:44, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'll keep an eye on them, but I'm not aware of an actual warning for using Wikipedia in this way. — <font color="Red">j</fo{{nt> acĸrм (<font color="Black">talk ) 21:47, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* You're looking for {{tl|uw-socialnetwork}}. <small style="background:#fff;border:#090 1px solid;color:#000;padding:0px 3px 1px 4px;white-space:nowrap">east<big style="color:#090">. 718 at 22:00, 10/28/2007
* No, I know that exists, but it isn't a warning which can be extended upon, such as vandalism: level 1,2,3,4 etc. — <font color="Red">j acĸrм (<font color="Black">talk ) 22:02, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* If these users continue like this, they will be blocked, as they are not here to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia. Typically this means disruptive users. A total lack of contributions also counts as "not contributing constructively". --Deskana (talk) 22:05, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* What happened to good, old-fashioned personal messages rather than templates? violet/riga (t) 23:52, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* I agree, if they don't stop, block indef. Jbeach {{sup|sup}} 22:19, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Looking at their edits, it is possible that we have a case of sockpuppetry. User:Eddymania7 created User:Tony Spencer Hawk's (TSH) talk page here. Then he requested that the page not be deleted, signing it and then unsigning it.. Then TSH signed the same note.. Both have a pattern of deleting talk page messages and have signing user talk pages and getting signatures as their main activities. Blocking is not an unreasonable step if they continue to use Wikipedia as a social site. — User: (talk) 00:56, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
What is the big harm? The user has been on wikipedia only 1 day. It takes time to think of good editorial contributions. Some user have tons of AFD but few mainspace edits. Even their signature page is short. In fact, I'm going to go there and make some suggestions for them to edit, so let's not block now! WP6 00:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Collecting signatures is not productive but it's not harmful either. Leave them alone unless they start getting in the way of productive users. --bainer (talk) 01:11, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I hope they become productive editors. "What's the harm?" It's not a matter of having signature pages, the main issue is the use of Wikipedia solely for the purpose of socializing — which is addressed in in the WP:NOT policy. A welcome message, which included helpful links, as well as other suggestions on productivity were added to Eddymania7's talk page — which he deleted. Perhaps the recent, currently undeleted, suggestions will be read and taken to heart. "Preaching to the choir" — we are here to build an encyclopedia. — ERcheck}}}|{{{User|ERcheck}}} (ERcheck}}}|talk) 03:59, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
I have blocked the following accounts. All of these accounts were operated by the same person, and as such its clear that they were never here to be used to constructively contribute. --Deskana (talk) 09:36, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* isnt it a misleading user name considering Tony Hawk has a son called Spencer. Gnangarra 04:10, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Whether or not the account needs to be posted at WP:UAA is the least of the problems here.— Ryūlóng ( 竜龍 ) 04:14, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Another — User:Planet Gran — is a new editor, appearing about the same time, with the same edit pattern. Identified himself as "Eddy". On the "Tony Hawk" name, I agree it is misleading. With the "Spencer" middle name, it might just be a fan... however, although not the exact given name of the famous Tony Hawk, it gives that appearance. — ERcheck}}}|{{{User|ERcheck}}} (ERcheck}}}|talk) 06:20, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* I just found this. — User:Tony Spencer Hawk is saying he is "Tony Hawk" and his son's name is Spencer. So, we either have the famous "Tony Hawk" or an imposter. — ERcheck}}}|{{{User|ERcheck}}} (ERcheck}}}|talk) 06:23, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* {{user|Tony Spencer Hawk}}
* {{user|Planet Gran}}
* {{user|Phillip John Fry}}
* {{user|Eddymania7}}
* {{user|Psyche 42 Dude}}
* Thanks, Deskana, I'll keep my eye out for more, and alert you of them asap. — <font color="Red">j acĸrм (<font color="Black">talk ) 16:37, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* He is not the real Tony Hawk. Trust me. I have some of his "fan" mail. The following cites are as shows:, , and it's obviously that they are all socks because one of the usernames, (I believe it's Phillip John Fry) somehow knew my usernames. Tony Spencer Hawk never really did contribute to his own profile, so, I should have reported him in the first place. But, I chose not to because I thought he was really the real Tony Hawk. So there you have it. -<font color="#006400">Go od sh oped 02:17, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* And he does have a son named Spencer. Either he got something against Tony Hawk or obsessed with him or something. Either way. -<font color="#006400">Go od sh oped 02:18, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* And I'll look for them, too, despite the fact that I'm not a sysop. -<font color="#006400">Go od sh oped 02:19, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* And I just found this. I don't believe that the Tony Hawk is a Tony Alva fan. I doubt it. -<font color="#006400">Go od sh oped 02:21, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
The lesson is clear: if you don't sign the chipoll, you hate kittens, and puppies, and bunnies, and et cetera! El_C 10:26, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* User is continuing to add messages to his talk page. He seems to be trying to use someone saying "You really tony hawk? You trippin?" as an excuse for his actions. — <font color="Red">j acĸrм (<font color="Black">talk ) 20:47, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
rhetoric page
I'm not sure if this is the right place to report this--sorry but I'm new to this. I was reading the page titled "rhetoric" and I saw that one of the paragraph headings is called "i love him, suck it", which doesn't seem to belong there! Also, the first sentence of that paragraph begins with an exclamation mark and seems to be missing some information, as the sentence doesn't make sense. This is what it says: "! as the medium through which political and judicial decisions were made, and through which philosophical ideas were developed and disseminated." —Preceding unsigned comment added by Realmetimesthree (talk • contribs) 17:32, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Simple vandalism. Reverted. <b style="color:green;">IrishGuy</b> <sup style="color:blue;">talk 17:34, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* You can find out how to deal with vandalism here: Vandalism. ---J.S (T/C/WRE) 18:52, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
I am asking for this user to be banned or some action to be taken. He/ she has not only used offensive language against me but has prior acts of vandalism, which can be seen on his/ her talk page. He/ she left this comment for me on Talk:Bestial Warlust:
* "What a sad fuck, do you really check your little claims to fame to make sure that they're still there every day? Piss poor article, I'm hoping that it's by a 15 year old kid, otherwise everyone should be embarrassed. Article should nominated for deletion again, or better yet, I think that I'll rewrite it myself sometime. DSO."
I would appreciate swift justice.Navnløs 18:20, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* It would seem the IP who left that comment was actually, not . The user shows some definite trollish tendencies, but I don't think s/he qualifies for a block, at least not yet. I'll leave a warning against personal attacks on the IP's userpage, and if the problem behavior continues, then a better decision can be made as to whether or not a block should be issued. I've left a 4im-level warning, as this seems to be the user's primary mode of communicating even useful things on Talk pages, and that kind of bullshit should be nipped in the bud. A second opinion is welcome. [EDIT:] The two IPs seem to be the same person in the Solomon Islands; the first is his or her current IP, the second seems to no longer be assigned to the user. <font color="#285991">--Dynaflow <font color="#285991">babble 18:33, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
* Run of the mill trolling from the looks of it. They've been warned. If it continues, report it to WP:AIV. Otherwise, just ignore the individual.--Isotope23 talk 18:49, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
I thank you for your decisive and quick actions. If it continues I will speak with one of you again. Navnløs 18:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
Publishing of IP address and possible stalking.
Once again I am here to report One Nighht In Hackney. This is a serious issue as the IP address used by myslef has been publishe don a talk page. This is what I cponsider stalking as the user just seems to like to have a dig and cause undue stress to myself. I have not in the instance provoked the user in anyway. Pl;ease could something be done as the publishing of an IP address of a user is serious in my opinion.The comments can be sen near the bottom .--Lucy-marie 11:28, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Not much to see here, except me pointing out the abusive sockpuppetry by Lucy-marie on discussions on the page in question, something she has been recently blocked for. I was asked here to see if there were any more socks in her drawer, so the stalking claim is without merit. One Night In Hackney 303 11:31, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Its your own fault if you log out to edit and pretend its not you, then someone puts two and two together and gets four, Lucy. --Deskana (talk) 11:42, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
This is no longer the issue this is a form of stalking. It is not that the user puiblished the IP address it is where the user published the address. If you read where it is published then it is highly inapropriate. just take a look at where it is published.--Lucy-marie 11:44, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* On the talk page which you logged out to try to influence? Like I said, if you choose to log out to edit abusively, then this will happen. --Deskana (talk) 11:46, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Are you now accusing me of malitiously editing a page? I have not edited that page for a long time the last edit I made was in the meditaion section. The publishing of the IP address in a completly unrelated section of the talk page is inapropriate and unecessary and is in my opinion a form of stalking. If i had continuosly edited using just an IP which I do not use and deny using an IP to edit on that page. It would be justified but this is just a way of the user scoring points because they have nothing better to do. Also could you please pass an interpritation on the Talk:The Cool Wall talk page. --Lucy-marie 11:51, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* IPs aren't secret. If you use yours to try to avoid taking responsibility for your contributions, this will happen. Maybe you should take full responsibility for your edits in the future. It isn't stalking for users to object to your presenting yourself as two people. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 15:16, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Here's the evidence, by the way, from ONIH's talk. All circumstantial, but good enough for a working hypothesis and certainly good enough to see of any claim of abuse.
* similar arguments on the BNP talk page, such as this, this, this, this and this. The IPs limited contributions also overlap with Lucy-marie on various articles as well - Lancing College, Template:G8 nations, Rounders, Declaration and forfeiture, Eurozone, Murder of Amanda Dowler - can you hear quacking? One Night In Hackney 303 12:31, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
Those edits aren't mine and a check user on my current IP will confirm that.--Lucy-marie 17:32, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Alas, while it's not your current IP, it obviously was your IP at the time of those contributions. You do have a distressing habit of logging out to say things you don't want to have definitively linked to you. Kindly cease. Matthew Brown (Morven) (T:C) 00:21, 31 October 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/484
* CENSER. 414 CENSORSHIP. from incensiim, incense, from incendere, to burn, from in, in + ceiidere, to burn ) . A vessel for burninsj perfumes (see Incense), also called 'thiirible,' from ihiis, frankincense. It is tossed in the air ceremoniall.v during public worship to diffuse the perfume of the incense. Cen- sers were used from very early times in the Jew- ish services, and have been all along cmphiyed in those of the Roman Catholic and East- riii cluirclies: also I if recent years in t he Episcopal Church. little is known of their precise shape be- cEs.Ei. f"'"- *'"' Twelfth Century, at which time they were richly decorated, and sometimes made in the form of small churches, as e.g. those in the cathedrals of Treves and Xannir. They were also often shaped like a ball, with two hol- low halves. In later specimens the upper half varies very mucli in form, being often surmounted by a turret. The lower half, resting on a foot, liolds the charcoal and the incense, while the upper one is perforated to allow the smoke to escape, and moves up and down on three or four chains. CEN'SO, ,S/). pron. than'so. In Spanish law, an annual payment, in money or in produce, charged upon land for an indeterminate period. The Spanish civil code of 18811 (in force in Cuba. Porto Kicii, aiul the Philip])ines) recognizes and regulates three classes of ceiiso. Cciiso enfiteutico is the ground-rent ])aid by the holder of a per- petual lease. (See Empiiytki'sis.) Ccii.so rescr- vatiro is an annual pa.^^nent reserved by the con- veyor of land and made a perpetiuil charge upon the land convoyed. Ceiiso coiixii/nntii'o is an an- nual payment which the owiu'r of land, in con- sideration of a capital sum paid him. has placed as a perpetual charge u]ion his land. In the first of these cases the recipient of tlic annual payment is titular owner (dueiio dirccto). In the second and third cases he is not owner, but a creditor of the land; his claim runs against every person who takes the land by purchase, devise, or in- heritance, and it is a lien upon the land. In all cases the censo may be redeemed (i.e. the land may lie freed from the annual charge) by pay- ment of the corresponding capital. In cases where this capital or redemption value is not indicated in the contract, it is estimated at the ratio of 100 to a. The right of redemption may. however, be suspended by contract in the ease of the purchased rent-charge {cenxo consifjnatiro) for twenty years, and in the other cases for sixty years. CENSOR (T,at., judge, from ceiisere. to assess, judge). The name of two Roman officers of State. The office was established by Servius Tullius, the fifth King of Rome. After the ex- ])u!?iion of the kings, it was held by the consuls, special magistrates not lacing appointed till c.c. 443. It continued to be filled by [latricians till B.C. 351, when Censor Marcius Rutilus, a plebeian, was elected. Twelve years later it was enacted that one of the censors (there were always two) must be a plebeian. In n.c. 131 both censors, for the first time, were i)lcbcians. The censors were elected in the coiiiitia cnititridhi. presided over by a consul. The term of ollice at first lasted five years, but was shortly afterwards limited to eighteen months. The censorship was regarded as the liigliest dignity in the State, except the dictatorship. It was a sacred and irresponsible magistracy, whose powers were vast and unde- fined, and whose decisions were received with solenui reverence. 'Ilie duties of the censors were tlireelold: (1) The taking of the census, or register of the citizens and of their property ; (2) the re(/i»ic)i morion (regulation of morals) ; (3) the administration of the finances of the State. The taking of the census was originally their sole function (hence their name), and was held in the Campus Martins, in a building called villa iiublica. The refiimcii moriim was the most dieadeii and absolute of their powers. It grew naturally out of (he exercise of the previous duty, wliieh ciimpelled tlicm to exclude unwortliy persons from the lists of citizens. Gradually the superintendence of the censors extended from the public to the private life of citizens. They could inllict disgrace {i(/noniinia) on any one whose conduct did not square with their notions of rectitude or duty. For instance, if a man neglected the cultivation of his fields, or carried on a disreputable trade, or refused to marry, or treated his family either too kindly or too harsh- ly, or was extravagant, or guilty of bribery, cowardice, or the like, he might be degraded. The administration of the finances of the State included the regulation of the tribtitiim, or prop- erty-lax: of the reclifinlia, such as the tithes paid for the public lands, salt-works, mines, customs, etc., which were usually leased out to speculators for five years; the preparation of the State budget, etc. CEN'SORI'NUS, A chronologist and gram- marian 111 the Third Century A.U., known by a work called Dc Die al (il a censor (q.v. ). The term in its broadest application includes the general super- vision and control of public morals and the pub- lic welfare, such as was exercised by the Roman censors. The term is now, however, almost ex- clusively applied to the examination of manu- .scripts, writings, and literary productions of all kinds as a condition of their publication, with the suppression of part or all, as may seem neces- sary to the censor or licensor, for the protection of public morals or the integrity of the govern- ment. The censorship of public morals, as such, does not now exist among civilized races in the form in which it was exercised by the Roman censors; but a supervision over the personal af fairs and privat.e conduct of the public is exer- cised, under various designations, in some of the | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Flustrated
The result was delete. -- Cirt (talk) 02:33, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
Flustrated
* – ( View AfD View log • )
Completing nomination on behalf of Special:Contributions/<IP_ADDRESS>. Have contacted anon to supply a reason for deletion but it is actually pretty obvious: Dictionary definition with no further added value. Pgallert (talk) 08:12, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
* Thank you for completing the nom. For future reference, the deletion rationale can often be found on the article's talk page. That's where the AFD instuctions for non-registered users say to place it. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:21, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete as Wikipedia is not a dictionary and it is a non-notable neologism. Armbrust Talk Contribs 09:55, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete I am rather flustrated with this article. Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 11:22, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
* By the way, my edit summary was meant to say "delete", not "deleted". Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 11:29, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete, double whammy neologism/dicdef. Hairhorn (talk) 14:39, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete, even though it is a real word, (discussed online, to be added to Merriam Webster), Wikipedia is not a dictionary. That's why we have Wiktionary.Danski14(talk) 18:36, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
* Delete, as stated above Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Jezhotwells (talk) 21:50, 11 September 2010 (UTC)
| WIKI |
User:Citizenshane0619/sandbox
Canadian born U.S raised. Many Canadian/American citizens refer to themselves as Camerican, while U.S citizens raised in Canada refer to themselves as Ameridians. The term Camerican is a play of both countries. Canadian and American citizens do not require visas to enter each other’s country. Upon verification by both government’s, Native Canadian Indians with a blood quantum of 50% or more fall under the Jay Treaty Act are permitted to live, work, and reside in both Canada and the United States they are classified by homeland security as category S-13 (American Indian born in Canada).
In 1776 John Jay made an agreement with Native Canadian Indigenous Tribes to permit entry free entry between the two nations if the First Nation Peoples’ agreed to assist the U.S Government in combat against the British Empire for which they agreed during the American War. The controversy surrounding the treaty persists today.
In the U.S, American Indian’s born in Canada are restricted from voting in elections and many people believe the government should revise the Jay Treaty both in favor and against the Indian Act. | WIKI |
lagan/property-fileselect
Controller for the Lagan fileselect property. Lets the user select a file from a directory.
1.0.0 2016-05-20 12:47 UTC
This package is auto-updated.
Last update: 2024-05-29 04:08:44 UTC
README
Lagan
Lagan Fileselect Property Controller
Controller for the Lagan fileselect property. Lets the user select a file from a directory.
To specify the directory and the filetypes to select, define the *extensions and directory property values. The directory property variable contains the path to the directory, relative to APP_PATH
A property type controller can contain a set, read, delete and options method. All methods are optional.
To be used with Lagan. Lagan lets you create flexible content objects with a simple class, and manage them with a web interface.
Lagan is a project of Lútsen Stellingwerff. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
eguruchela
Intersection of Set(A Intersect B) or A∩B Calculator
Calculator will find the Intersection of Set(A Intersect B).
Enter the values in the set1 (seperated by comma)
Enter the values in the set2 (seperated by comma)
Intersection of sets
For example:
The two sets of events A={1,2,3,4} and B={3,4,6,7,8}
the intersection of the sets we get
A ∩ B = {3, 4}
Definition
Set is the relation of some given data or say set contains the elements of similar type or category. A set is defined as the collection of elements, such as numbers or other objects, which are arranged in a group. The set with any numbers can be denoted in the symbol braces { }. The intersection of the sets A and set B is represented by A ∩ B and it is pronounced as A intersection B.
intersection of set.png
Differences Between Union and Intersection
Union of SetIntersection of Set
The union discards duplicates values of given sets.An intersection is a set of common values only.
The number of elements of a union is greater than or equal to parent sets.The number of elements in an intersection is always less than or equal to parent sets.
The symbol "∪" is used to represent the union of set.The symbol "∩" is used to represent the intersection of set. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- Areva Says It Will Bid With EDF to Build Polish Nuclear Plant
Areva SA (AREVA) Chief Executive Officer
Luc Oursel said the nuclear reactor maker will make a joint bid
with French power utility Electricite de France SA to build an
atomic plant in Poland . “For the construction of the plant, we’ll bid with EDF,”
the CEO of the Paris-based nuclear company said at a senate
hearing in the French capital today. “It’s possible that the
Polish utility will ask EDF or others to invest in the plant and
bring their operational experience.” PGE SA (PGE) , Poland’s largest utility, wants to start a tender
within the next two months for a technology provider for a
planned nuclear power plant, Chief Financial Officer Wojciech Ostrowski said March 14. Areva is bidding to provide nuclear reactors in China,
India, the U.K., Finland and the Czech Republic , and is
currently building plants in France, Finland and China , said
Oursel. The company has said it expects use of atomic power to
increase, helped by the need to cut reliance on fossil fuels and
reduce carbon emissions. To contact the reporter on this story:
Francois de Beaupuy in Paris at
fdebeaupuy@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Will Kennedy at
wkennedy3@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Homework
View as PDF
Submit solution
Points: 10
Time limit: 25.0s
Memory limit: 1G
Author:
Problem type
Facebook Hacker Cup 2015 Round 1
Your first-grade math teacher, Mr. Book, has just introduced you to an amazing new concept — primes! According to your notes, a prime is a positive integer greater than 1 that is divisible by only 1 and itself.
Primes seem fun, but without giving you and your 6-year-old colleagues time to consider their implications, he's promptly gone on to define another term: primacity. He explains that the primacity of an integer is the number of distinct primes which divide it. For example, the primacity of 12 is 2 (as it's divisible by primes 2 and 3), the primacity of 550 is 3 (as it's divisible by primes 2, 5, and 11), and the primacity of 7 is 1 (as the only prime it's divisible by is 7).
Following his lesson, Mr. Book has given you homework with some rather mean questions of the following form: Given 3 integers A, B, and K, how many integers in the inclusive range [A, B] have a primacity of exactly K?
Mr. Book probably expects his little homework assignment to take you and your classmates the rest of the year to complete, giving him time to slack off and nap during the remaining math classes. However, you want to learn more things from him instead! Can you use the skills you've learned in your first-grade computer science classes to finish Mr. Book's homework before tomorrow's math class?
Input
Input begins with an integer T, the number of homework questions. For each question, there is one line containing 3 space-separated integers: A, B, and K.
Output
For the i^{th} question, print a line containing Case #i: followed by the number of integers in the inclusive range [A, B] with a primacity of K.
Constraints
1 \le T \le 100
2 \le A \le B \le 10^7
1 \le K \le 10^9
Explanation of Sample
In the first test case, the numbers in the inclusive range [5, 15] with primacity 2 are 6, 10, 12, 14, and 15. All other numbers in this range have primacity 1.
Sample Input
5
5 15 2
2 10 1
24 42 3
1000000 1000000 1
1000000 1000000 2
Sample Output
Case #1: 5
Case #2: 7
Case #3: 2
Case #4: 0
Case #5: 1
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
Comments
• 4
bobhob314 commented on Oct. 29, 2015, 9:18 a.m. edited
Also happy birthday FourDoor edit: nvm still hbd | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:EML4500.f08.JAMAMA/LectureNotes1
The material from Wikipedia page was transfered to the Wikiversity page see Submission 1
Arunas Janulevicius --Eml4500.f08.jamama.jan 14:41, 8 December 2008 (UTC)
Click to go back to Homework Postings:Homework_1
Click to go back to Team Jamama's Home Page EML4500.f08.JAMAMA
TOPIC: Course Introduction and Introduction to Wiki
IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT
* Form 5-6 people groups. * Give a name for a group and decide upon the representative (leader) of the group. * Create Wikipedia/Wikiversity account (follow an identified pattern of naming the Wiki accounts). * Share information about the members within the group and present the info to the Instructor/TAs.
How to create the wiki account: use the user account Eml4500.f08.group_name.student_name. The homework will be submitted every Wednesday at 5p.m. Homework consist of:
1. Lecture Notes;
2. Homework Problems;
Directions/specifications upon the report submission:
Every student is responsible for doing at least one problem of the homework assignment + understanding upon how to do the other homework problems. Moreover, the students will be responsible for checking each other's work before the submission time. When submitting, the report material will be sent to the group leader. Each group member should make sure that his/her written part has his/her name associated with it. The group leader will gather all of the reports (including his/her own) and will send the appropriate web page to the TAs and the instructor. The leader will submit the history saved report, not the web page where the report was written. This will prevent the vandalism of the material. Final step is that students will have to evaluate each other anonymously. The homework grade will be assigned for the reports that will be scaled for each student by ratio of : grade_{homework}\frac {points_{evaluation}}{points_}
Plan:
* Vision: Big Picture Mediawiki & Wikipedia:
1. Textbooks >> in comparison of Wikipedia to the Britannica Encyclopedia, it was determined that Wikipedia is at least as accurate as Britannica Encyclopedia while Wikipedia has more recent and sometimes more (quantitavely) material about the subject; 2. Wikiversity >> it is a great place to get acquainted with other Universities' work and the presented material, such as (MIT's Open Course Ware); 3. MIT's Open Course Ware >> the material discussed in classes and the text book material are printed on this Course Ware, so that it could be accessible to entire world. It is especially profitable for the poor countries, where majority of students are not able to purchase the text-books. 4. Old approach >> homework (10%) + 3 exams (30% each) is subjected to change allowing the homework to be weighted more. New approach: homework (40%) + 3 exams (20% each). 5. Confidentiality >> the students will create a certain accounts, which will be known only to the other group members + these accounts should not be used to edit other material on the web for the reasons of the probable vandalism acts. 6. Method of work >> each student is expected to "pull his/her own weight." Every student is responsible for checking each other's work. When submitting, each student should add his/her name upon the material that he/she worked on + no late submissions are accepted (past Wednesday 5 p.m.). 7. e-learning >> e-learning will not be used, since it does not have a capacity to connect to the whole world at any time, it might not allow for the quick/real time peer review of the content, and a student said that e-learning "crashed" on him/her.
* MediaWiki (very important software)
1. Wikiversity, MIT's Open Course Ware >> allows the access to Wikiversity, MIT's Open Course Ware; 2. Collaboration >> allows the effective interation between:
* Member of a team; * Teams in the class; * Professor + student;
TOPIC: Trusses, Matrix Method (Chapter 4)
The following image is of a truss with two elastic (deformable) bars.
Note: The displacement at points 1 and 3 is fixed (constrained) to zero, in both the x and the y direction.
Global Free Body Diagram:
The below image illustrates the 4 unknown reactions. This example is statically indeterminate because it has 3 equations and 4 unknown variables. The key to solving this example is to look at the individual bars' deformation.
2 Free Body Diagrams of Separate Bar Elements
* Bar Element 1:
The unknown solutions at the nodes are the nodal degrees of freedom. The choice of nodal degrees depend on the governing differential equation.
* Bar Element 2:
Next step: Force Displacement relationship
Recall:
The force distance relationship of a 1 dimensional spring element (with one end fixed) is F=KD. (K is the spring constant)
The force displacement relationship of a 1D spring with 2 ends free is as shown above. To solve this more complex problem one needs to use a matrix to relate F=Kd. The matrix for this example is shown below.
Stiffness Matrix:
Case 1: Observer sits on node 1.
* F2=K(d2-d1)
Case 2: Observer sits on node 2, or equilibrium f1+f2=0.
* F1=-F2=-K(d2-d1)=K(d1-d2)
TOPIC: Steps to Solve a Simple Truss System. (Chapter 1)
1. Global Picture (description)
* At structure level:
* Global degrees of freedom (displacement unknowns)
* Global forces
* Actually, the displacement Dofs are partitioned into:
* a known part, e.g., fixed Dof, contraints
* an unknown part: solved by using the finite element method (FEM)
* Similarly, for the forces:
* known part: applied forces
* an unknown part: reactions
2. Element Picture (draw)
* Element Dof (displacements)
* Element forces
* Note: it can be either in global or local coordiante system
3. Global Force-Displacement (FD) relationships
* Element stiffness matrix in global coordinates
* Element force matrices in global coordinates.
* Assembley of element stiffness matrices and element force matrices into global FD relation: $$K*d$$ = $$F$$
4. Elimination of known Dof to eliminate/reduce the global FD relations (if stiffness matrix is non-singular >> invertable >> det(K) ≠ 0);
Km × m*dm × 1 = F m × 1, where $$m < n $$ m = n 0 of unknown displacement Dof n = n 0 of known and unknown displacement Dof K is non-singular matix >> K -1 (invertable)>> d m × 1 = K -1 m × m * F m × 1
5. Compute element forces form now known d >> element stresses
6. Compute the reactions (unknown forces)
Example:
1) Globlal Picture:
Numbering of displacement DOF:
* Follow the order of global node numbering. Assume x - axes are horizontal: If horizontal force was considered first in the first global node, then in the consequent nodes the horizontal force should be numbered first as well(vertical force follows the horizontal force in each node force/displacement numbering).
Matlab Tutorial
Matlab Tutorial
Contributing Team Members
Megan Alvarez --EML4500.f08.jamama.megan 23:55, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
Justin McIntire --Eml4500.f08.jamama.justin 19:10, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
William Mueller --Eml4500.f08.jamama.mueller 19:12, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
Arunas Janulevicius --Eml4500.f08.jamama.jan 19:51, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
Chris Alford --Eml4500.f08.jamama.chris 19:53, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
Cedric Adam--Eml4500.f08.jamama.adam 20:00, 19 September 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Nils Yngvar Ustvedt
Nils Yngvar Ustvedt (29 April 1868 – 16 October 1938) was a Norwegian medical doctor and politician for the Conservative Party. He worked as chief physician at Ullevål Hospital from 1916 to 1935, and before this he served one term in the Norwegian Parliament.
Personal life
Ustvedt was born at Bjølsen in the parish of Vestre Aker. In September 1902 in Kristiania he married Hanna Mohn (1879–1928), a daughter of Jakob Mohn. He was the father of Hans Jacob Ustvedt and grandfather of Yngvar Ustvedt.
Career
He took the examen artium in 1886, the cand.med. degree in 1892 and the dr.med. degree in 1900. As an academic writer he concentrated on bacteriology and epidemiology. After various jobs in the medical care of Kristiania, he was hired as a chief physician of epidemiology at Ullevål Hospital in 1916. In this position he also functioned as a lecturer at the Royal Frederick University. He stayed in this position until his retirement in 1935. Ustvedt was a member of the Norwegian Medical Society from 1898 to 1902 and 1912 to 1916, and chair from 1926 to 1928. In the Norwegian Medical Association he was a member of the board from 1921 to 1924. He was the editor of the Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association from 1921 to 1929. He was also a critic of medicinal literature in the newspaper Morgenbladet, and held a number of cultural posts, being a member of the board of the National Theatre from 1926 to 1934.
Ustvedt was also involved in politics. He was a member of Kristiania city council for two terms, from 1898 to 1904, and a member of the Norwegian Parliament from 1913 to 1915, representing the single-member constituency Uranienborg. He chaired the local party chapter in Kristiania from 1908 to 1910 and 1918 to 1919, and was a member of the central committee of the Conservative Party board from 1908 to 1911. Although he successfully defended the interests of the university, he ultimately grew discontent with the fruits of his political career. Ustvedt reportedly advised his son not to become engaged in politics, advice he followed. His son instead followed the medical path, and began working at Ullevål in 1934. Nils Yngvar Ustvedt died in October 1938 in Oslo. | WIKI |
Main Page
From SatNOGS Wiki
SatNOGS explanation.png
S-Band dish on AZ/EL rotator.
Ground Station with S-Band dish on AZ/EL rotator. SatNOGS Station #1000
SatNOGS is an integral part of the Libre Space Foundation. The project aims to build a global network of satellite ground stations. It is designed as an open source participatory project based on the users operating a ground station that is accessed via a web page for all of the network users. A basic ground station can be made up of commercial off the shelf components that are commonly available with a static omnidirectional antenna, to more complex stations with multiple movable antennas.
AZ/EL Ground Station with VHF and UHF Antennas
Yaesu G-5500 Az/El Rotator w/ M2 VHF/UHF Antennas. SatNOGS Station #2
If you would like to build your own ground station and have limited knowledge then it is recommended that you follow a non-rotator build with a simple RTL-SDR dongle and a Raspberry Pi. This will get you on to the network quickly and allow you to start scheduling observations. There are a few choices to be made but he community are available to help if you need it. More complex, movable, antenna systems can be steered with either the SatNOGS designed rotator or a commercial unit such as the Yaesu G-5500, Spid XY or similar. It is recommended that these types of builds are for more experienced operators but there is no reason why these can not be put into operation, they just require more work.
The reference design uses a Raspberry Pi + RTL-SDR dongle + either a VHF or UHF antenna. A Raspberry Pi image is available to make software installation simpler. Much of the decision making is down to personal choice but sometimes additional hardware is needed to help filter out local noise, such as strong broadcast stations. Both the community and Matrix / IRC offer support and assistance. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
.NET Tip: Creating a Password-Checking Function
As much as I hate having to remember a password for every Web site I visit, password security is one of the easiest ways to tighten access to any application. Password security can have complexity rules, such as length or character type, expiration, or remembering previous passwords so the user is forced to create a brand new password.
The function this tip provides will let you check a password against a set of rules, as well as a set of previously used passwords. The function uses a parameter array for the list of passwords, as well as a flag enumeration to make it easier to specify which rules to enforce.
The first part of the code is an enumerated type called PasswordRules:
[Flags]
public enum PasswordRules
{
/// <summary>
/// Password must contain a digit
/// </summary>
Digit = 1,
/// <summary>
/// Password must contain an uppercase letter
/// </summary>
UpperCase = 2,
/// <summary>
/// Password must contain a lowercase letter
/// </summary>
LowerCase = 4,
/// <summary>
/// Password must have both upper and lower case letters
/// </summary>
MixedCase = 6,
/// <summary>
/// Password must include a non-alphanumeric character
/// </summary>
SpecialChar = 8,
/// <summary>
/// All rules should be checked
/// </summary>
All = 15,
/// <summary>
/// No rules should be checked
/// </summary>
None = 0
}
Note the [Flags] entry at the top of this enumeration. It indicates that the values can be used as binary flag values. Each value (except for 6 and 15) is a power of 2, and 15 is a combination of 1, 2, 4, and 8. By using this model, you can check whether a flag is set using binary operators. Here's the function that uses these flags:
public static bool IsPasswordValid(string password,
PasswordRules rules,
params string[] ruleOutList)
{
bool result = true;
const string lower = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
const string upper = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
const string digits = "0123456789";
string allChars = lower + upper + digits;
//Check Lowercase if rule is enforced
if(Convert.ToBoolean(rules & PasswordRules.LowerCase))
{
result &= (password.IndexOfAny(lower.ToCharArray()) >= 0);
}
//Check Uppercase if rule is enforced
if(Convert.ToBoolean(rules & PasswordRules.UpperCase) )
{
result &= (password.IndexOfAny(upper.ToCharArray()) >= 0);
}
//Check to for a digit in password if digit is required
if(Convert.ToBoolean(rules & PasswordRules.Digit))
{
result &= (password.IndexOfAny(digits.ToCharArray()) >= 0);
}
//Check to make sure special character is included if required
if(Convert.ToBoolean(rules & PasswordRules.SpecialChar))
{
result &= (password.Trim(allChars.ToCharArray()).Length > 0);
}
if (ruleOutList != null)
{
for(int i = 0; i < ruleOutList.Length; i++)
result &= (password != ruleOutList[i]);
}
return result;
}
Each test does a binary AND on the rules value and the flag in question. If the test comes back true, the rule is checked and the result is ANDed together with the previous tests. The final test checks the other passwords that were passed to the function to see whether the new password matches any of them. If it matches, the test fails.
Although this function doesn't have any error messages, you easily could return an array of strings with the particular errors or tests that failed. You also can use the flag enumeration for other similar functions. I also use it to specify validation rules for fields, and there are many other options for using this C# feature.
About the Author
Eric Smith is the owner of Northstar Computer Systems, a Web-hosting company based in Indianapolis, Indiana. He also is a MCT and MCSD who has been developing with .NET since 2001. In addition, he has written or contributed to 12 books covering .NET, ASP, and Visual Basic. Send him your questions and feedback via e-mail at questions@techniquescentral.com.
Comments
• Additional Functionality
Posted by davidmknoble on 10/04/2006 03:54pm
Overloaded methods could be added for IsPasswordValid that include an integer indicating the number of digits that must be included. The test can be used by comparing this with the result of an InStr function. Also a function for the required minimum length of the password could be added.
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Moulhoule
Moulhoule (مول هولة) is a town in the northern Obock region of Djibouti. It is situated on the west coast of the Red Sea, at its southern entrance. It is located on the RN-15 National Highway, which connects it to Obock, located some 70 km to the south and is 15 km south of the border with Eritrea.
Overview
Moulhoule is located beside the Bab el Mandeb Strait in the north-east of the Republic of Djibouti, 325 km (by road) from Djibouti City. Nearby towns and villages include Khôr ‘Angar (27 km), Rahayta (22 km), Assab (95 km).
Climate
Moulhoule has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). | WIKI |
Waldinger Gallery
The Waldinger Gallery (Galerija Waldinger) is an art museum in Osijek, Croatia. It is located in Tvrđa. It is named after Adolf Waldinger, a Croatian painter from Osijek. | WIKI |
Logic Probe Tip Covers
Our Larval Engineer received a logic probe / pulser set for Christmas:
RSR Logic Probe Pulser Set - with formed covers
RSR Logic Probe Pulser Set – with formed covers
They’re the low-cost RSR-611 and -620 from the usual eBay vendor, not my ancient HP10525/10526 set, but they should suffice. Perhaps nobody uses logic probes these days, what with most of the parts being too small for even a needle tip, but …
Anyhow, they didn’t have caps over the sharp probe tips, so I rummaged around until I found the stash of cigar tubes (some of which went into that air flow straightener) that were about the right size. I thought about 3D printing an adapter between tubes and probes:
RSR Probe Cap Adapter - solid model
RSR Probe Cap Adapter – solid model
It’s actually a subtractive kind of thing, with a model of the probe tip subtracted from a suitable cylindrical object:
RSR Logic Probe - solid model
RSR Logic Probe – solid model
But then I realized the tubes were thermoplastic, held each one over a stove burner until the open end went transparent and droopy, rammed it down over the probe tip, and trimmed off the ragged edge. Worked fine, fits securely, and even looks pretty good:
RSR Covers - detail
RSR Covers – detail
I’ll never print the adapters, but maybe one of us will tweak the model to do something else…
The OpenSCAD source code:
// RSR Logic Probe / Pulser Cap
// Ed Nisley KE4ZNU December 2012
// Adapts cigar tube to probe body
// Layout options
Layout = "Build";
// Overall layout: Show Build
// Parts: Probe
//- Extrusion parameters must match reality!
// Print with +1 shells and 3 solid layers
ThreadThick = 0.25;
ThreadWidth = 2.0 * ThreadThick;
HoleWindage = 0.2;
function IntegerMultiple(Size,Unit) = Unit * ceil(Size / Unit);
Protrusion = 0.1; // make holes end cleanly
//----------------------
// Dimensions
ProbeDia = 18.0; // dia of main body
ProbeTipDia = 6.8; // dia at end of plastic cone
ProbeTipLen = 30.0; // length of metal ferrule + tip
ProbeConeLen = 17.5; // cone taper length
TubeOD = 17.25;
TubeWall = 0.50;
TubeID = TubeOD - 2*TubeWall;
TubeLen = 15; // slip fit over tube body
BodyLen = 20; // slip fit over probe body
WallThick = 3.5*ThreadWidth; // basic adapter wall thickness
AdapterLen = TubeLen + BodyLen;
AdapterOD = ProbeDia + 2*WallThick;
AdapterSides = 4*4;
//----------------------
// Useful routines
module PolyCyl(Dia,Height,ForceSides=0) { // based on nophead's polyholes
Sides = (ForceSides != 0) ? ForceSides : (ceil(Dia) + 2);
FixDia = Dia / cos(180/Sides);
cylinder(r=(FixDia + HoleWindage)/2,
h=Height,
$fn=Sides);
}
module ShowPegGrid(Space = 10.0,Size = 1.0) {
Range = floor(50 / Space);
for (x=[-Range:Range])
for (y=[-Range:Range])
translate([x*Space,y*Space,Size/2])
%cube(Size,center=true);
}
module Probe() {
union() {
cylinder(r=((ProbeDia + HoleWindage)/2),
h=(BodyLen + 1.2*Protrusion),$fn=2*AdapterSides);
translate([0,0,(BodyLen + Protrusion)])
cylinder(r1=(ProbeDia + HoleWindage)/2,
r2=ProbeTipDia/2,
h=ProbeConeLen,$fn=2*AdapterSides);
cylinder(r=ProbeTipDia/2,h=(BodyLen + ProbeConeLen + ProbeTipLen),$fn=2*AdapterSides);
}
}
module ProbeSleeve() {
difference() {
cylinder(r=AdapterOD/2,h=AdapterLen);
translate([0,0,-Protrusion])
Probe();
PolyCyl((TubeOD + HoleWindage),(AdapterLen + Protrusion),2*AdapterSides);
}
}
//----------------------
// Build it!
ShowPegGrid();
if (Layout == "Show")
ProbeSleeve();
if (Layout == "Build")
translate([0,0,AdapterLen])
rotate([180,0,0])
ProbeSleeve();
if (Layout == "Probe")
Probe();
, | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Aberdeen, British Columbia
Aberdeen, British Columbia may refer to:
* Aberdeen, Abbotsford, a neighbourhood in Abbotsford, British Columbia
* Aberdeen, Kamloops, a neighbourhood in Kamloops, British Columbia | WIKI |
‘Archer’ Knocks at the Door of ‘The Simpsons’ and ‘South Park’
Critic’s Notebook Ponder the paradox: Television’s most acclaimed scripted series are praised for their ever-deepening characters, yet some of its longest-running shows feature characters who, by many measures, evolve barely, if at all. They are animated series, “The Simpsons” and “South Park” foremost, and they seem as if they could run forever. Knocking at the door to join their club is FX’s outrageously entertaining “Archer,” which begins its seventh season on Thursday night. Yet it’s not quite in the same mold. Its characters have core attributes that never change — lasciviousness, self-absorption, unfashionable biases of all sorts — but there is evolution as well. And that has never been more evident than in the new season, when the whole crew undergoes a career change. For six seasons, the title character, Sterling Archer, and his co-workers were in the espionage business. Henceforth, apparently, they will be in the private-investigation business. “Archer” is at heart a workplace comedy. It’s about an agency full of misfits who undertake James Bond-like missions but spend an inordinate amount of time drinking, having sex with one another and assorted others, and disparaging this or that minority group. In addition to Archer (the voice of H. Jon Benjamin, who also stars as Bob on “Bob’s Burgers”), there are his rather ruthless mother, Malory (Jessica Walter); his sexy fellow agent Lana Kane (Aisha Tyler); the geeky Cyril Figgis (Chris Parnell); the creepy Dr. Krieger (Lucky Yates); the lusty Pam Poovey (Amber Nash); the fetish-loving Cheryl Tunt (Judy Greer); and a few others. In the age of correctness, everything about these characters is incorrect, a caustic brand of humor that isn’t for everybody but that has brought the show a dedicated fan base. Over the first six seasons, certain things about these characters were as constant as Homer Simpson’s craving for beer. Malory was just as likely to make an inappropriate remark about, say, Mexicans in Season 6 as she was in Season 1. Yet the show has dared to change as well. There was the memorable fifth season, which was given its own title — “Archer Vice,” in tribute to “Miami Vice” — and had the gang trying to turn itself into a drug cartel to market a huge pile of cocaine. There was Lana’s pregnancy: Without telling Archer, she used a sperm sample of his to conceive, and at the end of Season 5, gave birth to their daughter. There was also a change forced by real events. When the show began in 2009, the New York-based spy agency everyone worked for was known as the International Secret Intelligence Service and was usually referred to by its acronym. That’s right: ISIS. That eventually became a problem that the show’s creator, Adam Reed, couldn’t ignore. Early last season, workers were seen rolling the circular sign bearing the agency’s name out of its headquarters. The new season may make all of the previous evolutions seem minor. This show, unlike some other animated hits, does have extended story arcs, and one too convoluted to detail here has led Archer and friends to get out of the spy business, relocate to Los Angeles and become private investigators. Cyril receives a promotion of sorts: He is the only one with the credentials needed to secure licensing for this new venture, and thus Episode 1 is called “The Figgis Agency.” In it, the novice investigators get their first big client: A legendary actress hires them to steal an incriminating computer disk. The work is different, but personality-wise, Archer and his comrades are much the same. At least at first. The show seems to be giving itself license to explore. “Cyril,” Malory says during one of her signature dressing-downs of the staff in Episode 2 of the new season, “you have been given the opportunity of a lifetime — a new job, a new city where no one knows you — which means you can reinvent yourself. You can be anyone you want. So why would you keep being you? And that goes for the rest of you. Don’t be the same feckless idiots you were when this was a spy agency.” Hmm. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Quidi Vidi Lake
Quidi Vidi Lake is a 1600 m long body of water located at the east end of the city of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. Local people commonly pronounce its name as kiddy viddy. Water flows into the lake from the Rennies and Virginia Rivers, along with smaller streams, and then into the sea through Quidi Vidi harbour. The lake has a long history of hosting sporting events, including the annual Royal St. John's Regatta, said to be the oldest continuous sporting event still held in North America. The former Pepperrell Air Force Base was located on the north shore of the lake and a military presence continues in the form of Canadian Forces Station St. John's (CFS St. John's)). The South shore of the Lake has a number of residential and apartment complexes. A number of cultural events are held at Lakeside.
Quidi Vidi Lake has a 3.8 km leg of St. John's Grand Concourse walking trail surrounding it. On the north end of the walking trail is a fenced-in outdoor dog park and a skate board park. | WIKI |
Right and Left React to President Trump’s Comments on Immigration
The political news cycle is fast, and keeping up can be overwhelming. Trying to find differing perspectives worth your time is even harder. That’s why we have scoured the internet for political writing from the right and left that you might not have seen. Has this series exposed you to new ideas? Tell us how. Email us at ourpicks@nytimes.com. For an archive of all the Partisan Writing Roundups, check out Our Picks. John Daniel Davidson in The Federalist: “Although his phrasing was crude and unnecessary, Trump wasn’t wrong about the actual countries in question. Haiti, El Salvador, and many countries in Africa — and all over the world, for that matter — are indeed a horrible mess by any objective measure.” Mr. Davidson turns the conversation around the president’s words toward American exceptionalism. It is not because “Americans are uniquely virtuous or somehow better than people from poor countries,” but because the American “system of government and the constitutional order our founding fathers bequeathed us” make the United States a country worth immigrating to, he writes. That is why, he says, so many immigrants from those countries “come to America and prosper.” Read more » _____ Pat Buchanan in Townhall: “In U.S. presidential elections, persons of color whose roots are in Asia, Africa and Latin America vote 4-1 Democratic, and against the candidates favored by American’s vanishing white majority. Not for the first time, liberal ideology comports precisely with liberal interests.” You cannot escape race in the immigration debate, Mr. Buchanan argues, while pointing to the demographic composition of the two major political parties. “Americans have the sovereign right to discriminate in favor of some continents, countries and cultures, and against others,” Mr. Buchanan further argues, “in a tradition as old as the Republic.” A tradition he reviews carefully. Read more » _____ Dara Lind in Vox: “[Mr. Trump’s] comment was a clarifying moment. Such moments often make clear fundamentally contradictory visions of America. It’s impossible to negotiate with people who believe any change to America-as-they-see-it is an existential threat — and when they’re direct or boorish enough to say that out loud, it saves everyone the time and trouble of trying to compromise.” Even if it appears “almost unimaginably hard to figure out a way to ‘end chain migration’ that would both pass Congress and avoid a collapse of the immigration system,” a policy debate can still be had. But, Ms. Lind argues, “you can’t negotiate” with those who want no immigration. She sums up: “Either America is a nation of immigrants or it is a nation of blood and soil. It cannot be both.” Read more » _____ Eugene Robinson in the Washington Post: “Republicans say they want a “merit-based” system of immigration. That has a nice, neutral sound. Who can argue against merit? But Trump has made clear that what he means to do is halt or reverse the demographic trends that are making this nation increasingly diverse — trends that are wholly consistent with U.S. history.” Mr. Robinson thinks Mr. Trump’s language creates a wedge between congressional Republican leadership and the president. “There is nothing inherently racist about the free-market conservatism that Republicans cherish and advocate,” Mr. Robinson argues, “but there is everything racist about the white ethnocentric theory of American identity that Trump champions with remarkable frankness.” Read more » _____ Buck Gee and Albert Shen in USA Today “Amid 19th century American nativism, Asian-Americans — now recognized as high achievers — were then branded ‘a race of people whom nature has marked as inferior, and who are incapable of progress or intellectual development.’” Mr. Gee, a self-identified Republican, and Mr. Shen, a former Obama appointee, draw sharp parallels between the language around the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the president’s comments about Haiti and African nations today. They point to recognition from Congress in 1988 and 2011 that “affirmed the truth that punitive policies targeting Asian immigrants were misguided.” They express hope that the United States does not have to apologize in the future for a similar mistake today. Read more » _____ Chris Cillizza in CNN: “Debating what exact word he used to further that longstanding practice is pointless. The real key here is that the sentiment expressed by Trump in that meeting — no matter what exact word(s) he chose — is one of intolerance. And that runs directly counter to America’s founding ideal.” Mr. Cillizza constructs a thought exercise and asks what the reaction would be if the President used the phrase “undesirable countries” to describe Haiti and African nations. “Would the fact that he didn’t use a curse word change anything? Of course not,” he concludes. And so focusing on the vulgar language is only a distraction from the sentiment conveyed and the larger policy implications beyond it. Read more » _____ Want the Partisan Writing Roundup in your inbox? Sign up for the Morning Briefing Newsletter or the What We’re Reading Newsletter. Have thoughts about this collection? Email feedback to ourpicks@nytimes.com. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Szeged Transport Ltd.
The Szeged Transport Ltd. (Szegedi Közlekedési Kft/Szegedi Közlekdési Társaság (SZKT)) is the name of the transport company of the city of Szeged, Hungary.
Aims
The Szeged Transport Ltd.'s aims are: the operation of electric track-based transport, a public pay parking system, vehicle rescue and transport, and parking.
Brief history
The Szeged Transport Ltd. was established in 1885. The first tramways were launched on October 1, 1908.
After the First World War the tramway transport, both the public transport from 1920, and the freight transport from 1925, declined steadily in Szeged.
No major operations or clashes occurred in Szeged during World War II, therefore the tram network was not damaged.
The importance of the freight transport continued to decline in the 1950s, and in 1971 it ceased to exist.
On April 29, 1979 first trolleybus started service on line 5, linking Újszged, city centre and Bartók square.
Then other lines alsó were launched: line 6 in 1982, line 7 (not the same as line 7 nowadays) and line 8 in 1983 and line 9 in 1985.
After 1990 the SZKT became the property of Szeged.
Organizational units
The company operates two sectors: tramways and trolleybuses in an integrated system. However, the city's bus network does not fall under the competence of the SZKT, it is operated by the Dél-alföldi Közlekedési Központ Zrt. (DAKK)..
Parking System
The SZKT operates the parking system within the city centre which was established in 1996.
There exist two (green & yellow) parking zones between which the advance parking tickets ensure interoperability.
Szeged Airport
Since 2006 the SZKT has also been operating the Szeged Airport.
The airport is located 5 km west of the city centre.
Statistics
The length of the entire network which includes the length of all connections, is 81 km. The number of stops is 171 (92 tramways and 79 trolleybuses) and the vehicle fleet contains 129 vehicles (61 tramsways, 49 trolleybuses and 19 autobuses).
Traffic data
Street number distribution in 2005: SZKT: 46%, Tisza Volán: 54%
Street number distribution in 2008: SZKT: 49%, Tisza Volán: 51% | WIKI |
World Chess Championship 1972
The World Chess Championship 1972 was a match for the World Chess Championship between challenger Bobby Fischer of the United States and defending champion Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union. The match took place in the Laugardalshöll arena in Reykjavík, Iceland, and has been dubbed the Match of the Century. Fischer became the first American born in the United States to win the world title, and the second American overall (Wilhelm Steinitz, the first world champion, became a naturalized American citizen in 1888). Fischer's win also ended, for a short time, 24 years of Soviet domination of the World Championship.
The first game was played on July11, 1972. The last game (the 21st) began on August31, was after 40 moves, and Spassky resigned the next day without resuming play. Fischer won the match 12½–8½, becoming the eleventh undisputed world champion. The game was covered on ABC's Wide World of Sports and W.N.E.T. Channel 13 in the United States.
Background
The match was played during the Cold War, although during a period of increasing détente. The Soviet Chess School had a 24-year monopoly on the world championship title, with Spassky the latest in an uninterrupted chain of Soviet world chess champions, stretching back to the 1948 championship.
Fischer, an eccentric 29-year-old American, claimed that Soviet players gained an unfair advantage by agreeing to short draws among themselves in tournaments. In 1962, the American magazine Sports Illustrated and the German magazine Der Spiegel published Fischer's article "The Russians Have Fixed World Chess", in which he expounded this view. Fischer himself rarely agreed to early draws.
Spassky faced enormous political pressure to win the match. While Fischer was often famously critical of his home country ("Americans want to plunk in front of a TV and don't want to open a book ..."), he too carried a burden of expectation because of the match's political significance. No American had achieved the world championship since the first champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, became a naturalized American citizen in 1888. The unusual public interest and excitement surrounding the match was so great that it was called the "Match of the Century", even though the same term had been applied to the USSR vs. Rest of the World match just two years before.
Spassky, the champion, had qualified for world championship matches in 1966 and 1969. He lost the world championship match to Tigran Petrosian in 1966. In the 1969 cycle, he won matches against Efim Geller, Bent Larsen, and Viktor Korchnoi to win the right to challenge a second time, then defeated Petrosian 12½–10½ to win the world title. He is often said to have had a "universal style", "involving an ability to play the most varied types of positions", but Garry Kasparov notes that "from childhood he clearly had a leaning toward sharp, attacking play, and possessed a splendid feel for the initiative."
Fischer, the challenger, was in dominant form. In the Candidates matches en route to becoming the challenger in 1972, he had beaten two grandmasters, Mark Taimanov and Bent Larsen, by perfect scores of 6–0 each time, a feat not previously achieved in a Candidates match. In the Candidates final against Petrosian, Fischer won the first game, lost the second, drew the next three, then finished with four consecutive wins to win the match 6½–2½. "No bare statement conveys the magnitude and impact of these results. ... Fischer sowed devastation." From the last seven rounds of the Interzonal until the first game against Petrosian, Fischer won 19 games (plus 1 win on forfeit) without losing once, almost all against top grandmasters.
Fischer also had a much higher Elo rating than Spassky. On the July 1972 FIDE rating list, Fischer's 2785 was a record 125 points ahead of the number two player – Spassky, whose rating was 2660. Fischer's recent results and record Elo rating made him the pre-match favorite. Other observers, however, noted that Fischer had never won a game against Spassky. Before the match, Fischer had played five games against Spassky, drawing two and losing three.
Spassky's for the match were Efim Geller, Nikolai Krogius and Iivo Nei. Fischer's was William Lombardy. His entourage also included lawyer Paul Marshall, who played a significant role in the events surrounding the match, and USCF representative Fred Cramer. The match referee was Lothar Schmid.
For some time, it seemed as though the match might not be played at all. Shortly before the match, Fischer demanded that he and Spassky receive 30% of the box-office receipts, in addition to the agreed-upon prize fund of $125,000 (5/8 to the winner, 3/8 to the loser) and 30% of the proceeds from television and film rights. He did not arrive in Iceland in time for the opening ceremony on July 1. Fischer's erratic behavior was seemingly full of contradictions, as it had been throughout his career. FIDE President Max Euwe postponed the match by two days. Fischer finally flew to Iceland and agreed to play after British investment banker Jim Slater doubled the prize fund, and after much persuasion, including a phone call from Henry Kissinger (the US National Security Advisor). Commentators, particularly from the USSR, suggested that all this (and his continuing exorbitant demands and unreasonable attitude) was part of Fischer's plan to "psych out" Spassky, while Fischer's supporters claimed that winning the World Championship was the mission of his life, that Fischer simply wanted the setting to be perfect for it when he took the stage, and that his eccentric behavior was no different than it had always been.
World-class match play (i.e., a series of games between the same two opponents) often involves one or both players preparing one or two openings very deeply, and playing them repeatedly during the match. Preparation for such a match also involves analysis of lines known to be played by the opponent. Fischer had been famous for his unusually narrow opening repertoire: for example, almost invariably playing 1.e4 as White, and almost always playing the Najdorf Variation of the Sicilian Defense as Black against 1.e4. He surprised Spassky by repeatedly switching openings, and by playing openings that he had never, or only rarely, played before (such as 1.c4 as White, and Alekhine's Defense, the Pirc Defense, and the Paulsen Sicilian as Black). Even in openings that Fischer had played before in the match, he continually deviated from the variations he had previously played, almost never repeating the same line.
1970 Interzonal tournament
The Interzonal tournament was held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, in November and December 1970. The top six players of the interzonal (shown in bold in the table below) qualified for the Candidates matches. Bobby Fischer had not qualified to play in this event, as he had not participated in the 1969 US Championship (Zonal). However, Pal Benko (and the reserve William Lombardy) gave up his spot, and FIDE President Max Euwe controversially allowed Fischer to participate instead. A compensation of USD $1,500 was paid to Benko for this to occur.
* {| class="wikitable"
! !! !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! 13 !! 14 !! 15 !! 16 !! 17 !! 18 !! 19 !! 20 !! 21 !! 22 !! 23 !! 24 !! Total !! Tiebreak
* + 1970 Interzonal Tournament
* - style="background:#ccffcc;"
* 1 || align=left|🇺🇸 Bobby Fischer (US) || – || 0 || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 18½ ||
* - style="background:#ccffcc;"
* 2 || align=left|🇩🇰 Bent Larsen (DNK) || 1 || – || ½ || ½ || 0 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || 1 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 15 || 167.50
* - style="background:#ccffcc;"
* 3 || Efim Geller || 0 || ½ || – || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || ½ || 15 || 167.00
* - style="background:#ccffcc;"
* 4 || align=left|Robert Hübner || ½ || ½ || 0 || – || ½ || 1 || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 15 || 155.25
* - style="background:#ccffcc;"
* 5 || align=left|Mark Taimanov || 0 || 1 || ½ || ½ || – || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 1 || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 14 || 146.50
* - style="background:#ccffcc;"
* 6 || align=left|Wolfgang Uhlmann || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || – || 1 || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 0 || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 14 || 141.50
* 7 || align=left|🇭🇺 Lajos Portisch (HUN) || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || – || ½ || 0 || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 0 || 13½ || 149.75
* 8 || align=left|Vasily Smyslov || 0 || ½ || 0 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || – || 1 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 13½ || 141.00
* 9 || align=left|Lev Polugaevsky || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || 0 || – || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 13 || 146.75
* 10 || align=left|Svetozar Gligorić || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || – || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || 1 || 0 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 13 || 135.50
* 11 || align=left|🇦🇷 Oscar Panno (ARG) || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || – || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || 1 || ½ || 1 || 12½ || 130.75
* 12 || align=left|🇧🇷 Henrique Mecking (BRA) || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 0 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || – || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 12½ || 130.00
* 13 || Vlastimil Hort || 0 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || – || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || ½ || 11½ ||
* 14 || Borislav Ivkov || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || – || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || 10½ ||
* 15 || 🇨🇦 Duncan Suttles (CAN) || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || – || 0 || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 0 || 1 || ½ || 1 || 10 || 105.75
* 16 || Dragoljub Minić || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 1 || – || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 10 || 96.00
* 17 || 🇺🇸 Samuel Reshevsky (US) || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 0 || – || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 9½ ||
* 18 || Milan Matulović || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || – || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 9 || 98.50
* 19 || 🇺🇸 William Addison (US) || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || – || ½ || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 9 || 95.25
* 20 || Miroslav Filip || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || – || ½ || 1 || ½ || 0 || 8½ || 91.50
* 21 || 🇵🇭 Renato Naranja (PHL) || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 1 || ½ || – || 0 || 0 || 1 || 8½ || 88.75
* 22 || 🇲🇳 Tudev Ujtumen (MNG) || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || – || 1 || ½ || 8½ || 85.25
* 23 || 🇦🇷 Jorge Rubinetti (ARG) || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 1 || 0 || – || 1 || 6 ||
* 24 || 🇨🇺 Eleazar Jiménez (CUB) || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || ½ || 0 || – || 5½ ||
* }
* 16 || Dragoljub Minić || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 1 || – || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 10 || 96.00
* 17 || 🇺🇸 Samuel Reshevsky (US) || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 1 || ½ || 0 || – || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 9½ ||
* 18 || Milan Matulović || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || – || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 9 || 98.50
* 19 || 🇺🇸 William Addison (US) || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 1 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || – || ½ || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 9 || 95.25
* 20 || Miroslav Filip || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || ½ || – || ½ || 1 || ½ || 0 || 8½ || 91.50
* 21 || 🇵🇭 Renato Naranja (PHL) || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 1 || ½ || – || 0 || 0 || 1 || 8½ || 88.75
* 22 || 🇲🇳 Tudev Ujtumen (MNG) || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || – || 1 || ½ || 8½ || 85.25
* 23 || 🇦🇷 Jorge Rubinetti (ARG) || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 1 || 0 || – || 1 || 6 ||
* 24 || 🇨🇺 Eleazar Jiménez (CUB) || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || ½ || 0 || – || 5½ ||
* }
* 21 || 🇵🇭 Renato Naranja (PHL) || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 1 || ½ || – || 0 || 0 || 1 || 8½ || 88.75
* 22 || 🇲🇳 Tudev Ujtumen (MNG) || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || 1 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || – || 1 || ½ || 8½ || 85.25
* 23 || 🇦🇷 Jorge Rubinetti (ARG) || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || ½ || 1 || 0 || – || 1 || 6 ||
* 24 || 🇨🇺 Eleazar Jiménez (CUB) || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || ½ || 0 || – || 5½ ||
* }
* 24 || 🇨🇺 Eleazar Jiménez (CUB) || ½ || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || ½ || ½ || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || ½ || 0 || – || 5½ ||
* }
* }
Portisch and Smyslov contested a six-game playoff in Portorož, Yugoslavia, in early 1971 for the reserve position for the Candidates Tournament. The match ended 3–3; Portisch was declared the winner because of a better tie-break score in the main tournament.
1971 Candidates matches
Petrosian, as the loser of the last championship match, and Korchnoi, as runner-up of the previous Candidates final, were seeded directly into the Candidates match stage, and were joined by the top six from the Interzonal. In the Petrosian–Hübner quarterfinal in Seville, Hübner withdrew from the match after a loss in the 7th game due to noise complaints. The quarterfinals and semifinals matches were played as the best of 10 games. The final match was the best of 12 games.
Fischer dominated the 1971 Candidates Tournament; his defeats of both Mark Taimanov and Bent Larsen were, and still are, unparalleled at this level of chess. His loss in game 2 of the Candidates Final versus Tigran Petrosian ended a 20-game winning streak.
Fischer's victory earned him the right to challenge reigning champion Spassky for the title.
Schedule and results
The match was played as the best of 24 games, with wins counting 1 point and draws counting ½ point, and would end when one of the players scored 12½ points. If the match ended in a 12–12 tie, the defending champion (Spassky) would retain the title. The first time control was 40 moves in 2½ hours. Three games per week were scheduled. Each player was entitled to three postponements for medical reasons during the match. Games were scheduled to start on Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday. If a game was adjourned, it was to be continued the next day. Saturday was a rest day. Over the course of the match "nearly one thousand" were played, with each player taking a turn. In grand total, somewhat less than two thousand plies were played.
Fischer insisted that a Staunton chess set from Jaques of London be used. The chessboard had to be remade at Fischer's request. The match was covered throughout the world. Fischer became a worldwide celebrity, described as the Einstein of chess. His hotel received dozens of calls each day from women attracted to him, and Fischer enjoyed reading the numerous letters and telegrams that arrived, whether with compliments or criticisms. Excitement grew as the match was postponed and people questioned whether Fischer would appear. Previously, he had come to the airport and, surrounded by reporters, left. The combination of the intrigue surrounding whether Fischer will play or not and the "American versus Russian" narrative within the Cold War context sparked excitement throughout the world.
Game 1: Spassky–Fischer, 1–0 (Nimzo-Indian Main)
. At the beginning of play, Fischer was not present. Spassky played 1.d4 and pressed the clock, and nine minutes elapsed before Fischer arrived, shook hands with Spassky, and responded 1...Nf6. The opening was a placid Nimzo-Indian Defense, and after 17...Ba4 the game was even (according to analysis by Filip). After a series of piece exchanges it appeared to be a ending, and no one would have been surprised if the players had agreed to a draw here.
Shockingly, Fischer played 29...Bxh2 as shown, a move that few players would consider in light of the obvious 30.g3, trapping the bishop. In exchange for the lost bishop, Black is only able to obtain two pawns (see chess piece relative value). Gligorić, Kasparov and other commentators have suggested that Fischer may have miscalculated, having planned 30...h5 31.Ke2 h4 32.Kf3 h3 33.Kg4 Bg1, but overlooking that 34.Kxh3 Bxf2 35.Bd2 keeps the bishop trapped. Anatoly Karpov suggested that Spassky was afraid of Fischer and wanted to show that he could draw with the white pieces, while Fischer wanted to disprove that as the game headed for a stale draw. Owing to unusual features in the position, Fischer had good drawing chances despite having only two pawns for the bishop. But the position became hopeless after he made at least one more bad move (39th and/or 40th, see cited source) before the, which took place after move 40. Fischer could still have drawn the game with the correct 39th or 40th move. He on move 56. Nimzo-Indian Defense: Main Variation (ECO E56) 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 Bb4 5. e3 0-0 6. Bd3 c5 7. 0-0 Nc6 8. a3 Ba5 9. Ne2 dxc4 10. Bxc4 Bb6 11. dxc5 Qxd1 12. Rxd1 Bxc5 13. b4 Be7 14. Bb2 Bd7 15. Rac1 Rfd8 16. Ned4 Nxd4 17. Nxd4 Ba4 18. Bb3 Bxb3 19. Nxb3 Rxd1+ 20. Rxd1 Rc8 21. Kf1 Kf8 22. Ke2 Ne4 23. Rc1 Rxc1 24. Bxc1 f6 25. Na5 Nd6 26. Kd3 Bd8 27. Nc4 Bc7 28. Nxd6 Bxd6 29. b5 Bxh2 (diagram) 30. g3 h5 31. Ke2 h4 32. Kf3 Ke7 33. Kg2 hxg3 34. fxg3 Bxg3 35. Kxg3 Kd6 36. a4 Kd5 37. Ba3 Ke4 38. Bc5 a6 39. b6 f5 40. Kh4 f4 41. exf4 Kxf4 42. Kh5 Kf5 43. Be3 Ke4 44. Bf2 Kf5 45. Bh4 e5 46. Bg5 e4 47. Be3 Kf6 48. Kg4 Ke5 49. Kg5 Kd5 50. Kf5 a5 51. Bf2 g5 52. Kxg5 Kc4 53. Kf5 Kb4 54. Kxe4 Kxa4 55. Kd5 Kb5 56. Kd6 (Resignation)
Game 2: Fischer forfeits
After his loss Fischer made further demands on the organizers, including that all cameras be removed. When they were not, he refused to appear for game 2, giving Spassky a default win. His appeal was rejected. Karpov speculates that this forfeited game was actually a masterstroke on Fischer's part, a move designed specifically to upset Spassky's equanimity.
With the score now 2–0 in Spassky's favor, many observers believed that the match was over and Fischer would leave Iceland, and, indeed, Fischer looked to board the next plane out, only to be dissuaded by his second, William Lombardy. His decision to stay in the match was attributed by some to another phone call from Kissinger and a deluge of cablegrams. Sportingly, Spassky agreed to play the third game in a small room backstage, out of sight of the spectators. According to Pal Benko and Burt Hochberg, this concession was a psychological mistake by Spassky.
Game 3: Spassky–Fischer, 0–1 (Modern Benoni)
. This game proved to be the turning point of the match. After 11.Qc2, Fischer demonstrated his understanding of the position with 11...Nh5—a seemingly move allowing White to shatter Black's pawn structure, but Fischer's assessment that his kingside attack created significant proved correct. Surprised by Fischer's, Spassky did not react in the best way. Instead of 15.Bd2, 15.Ne2!? was possible (Zaitsev), or 15.f3 to prevent ...Ng4. In particular, Spassky's 18th move, weakening the light squares, was a mistake. The game was, and Spassky resigned the next day upon seeing that Fischer had sealed the best move, 41...Bd3+ It was Fischer's first-ever win against Spassky. Modern Benoni: Classical Main Line (ECO A77) 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5 4. d5 exd5 5. cxd5 d6 6. Nc3 g6 7. Nd2 Nbd7 8. e4 Bg7 9. Be2 0-0 10. 0-0 Re8 11. Qc2 Nh5 (diagram) 12. Bxh5 gxh5 13. Nc4 Ne5 14. Ne3 Qh4 15. Bd2 Ng4 16. Nxg4 hxg4 17. Bf4 Qf6 18. g3 Bd7 19. a4 b6 20. Rfe1 a6 21. Re2 b5 22. Rae1 Qg6 23. b3 Re7 24. Qd3 Rb8 25. axb5 axb5 26. b4 c4 27. Qd2 Rbe8 28. Re3 h5 29. R3e2 Kh7 30. Re3 Kg8 31. R3e2 Bxc3 32. Qxc3 Rxe4 33. Rxe4 Rxe4 34. Rxe4 Qxe4 35. Bh6 Qg6 36. Bc1 Qb1 37. Kf1 Bf5 38. Ke2 Qe4+ 39. Qe3 Qc2+ 40. Qd2 Qb3 41. Qd4 Bd3+ (Resignation)
Game 4: Fischer–Spassky, ½–½ (Sicilian Sozin)
. The match resumed with this game on the main hall stage per Spassky's request, but without TV cameras per Fischer's request. Fischer as White played the Sozin Attack against Spassky's Sicilian Defense. Spassky sacrificed a pawn, and after 17...Bxc5+ had a slight advantage (Nunn). Spassky developed a strong kingside attack, but failed to convert it into a win, the game ending in a draw. Sicilian Defense: Sozin Attack (ECO B88) 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bc4 e6 7. Bb3 Be7 8. Be3 0-0 9. 0-0 a6 10. f4 Nxd4 11. Bxd4 b5 12. a3 Bb7 13. Qd3 a5 14. e5 dxe5 15. fxe5 Nd7 16. Nxb5 Nc5 17. Bxc5 Bxc5+ 18. Kh1 Qg5 19. Qe2 Rad8 20. Rad1 Rxd1 21. Rxd1 h5 22. Nd6 Ba8 23. Bc4 h4 24. h3 Be3 25. Qg4 Qxe5 26. Qxh4 g5 27. Qg4 Bc5 28. Nb5 Kg7 29. Nd4 (diagram) Rh8 30. Nf3 Bxf3 31. Qxf3 Bd6 32. Qc3 Qxc3 33. bxc3 Be5 34. Rd7 Kf6 35. Kg1 Bxc3 36. Be2 Be5 37. Kf1 Rc8 38. Bh5 Rc7 39. Rxc7 Bxc7 40. a4 Ke7 41. Ke2 f5 42. Kd3 Be5 43. c4 Kd6 44. Bf7 Bg3 45. c5+ (Draw by Agreement)
Game 5: Spassky–Fischer, 0–1 (Nimzo-Indian Hübner)
. Game 5 was another Nimzo-Indian, this time the Hübner Variation: 4.Nf3 c5 5.e3 Nc6 6.Bd3 Bxc3+ 7.bxc3 d6. Fischer rebuffed Spassky's attempt to attack; after 15...0-0 the game was even (Adorján). Fischer obtained a blocked position where Spassky was saddled with weak pawns and his had no prospects. After 26 moves, Spassky blundered with 27.Qc2, and resigned after Fischer's 27...Bxa4!, as shown. After 28.Qxa4 Qxe4, Black's dual threats of 29...Qxg2 and 29...Qxe1# would decide; alternatively, 28.Qd2 (or 28.Qb1) Bxd1 29.Qxd1 Qxe4 30.Qd2 a4 wins. Nimzo-Indian Defense: Hübner Variation (ECO E41) 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Nf3 c5 5. e3 Nc6 6. Bd3 Bxc3+ 7. bxc3 d6 8. e4 e5 9. d5 Ne7 10. Nh4 h6 11. f4 Ng6 12. Nxg6 fxg6 13. fxe5 dxe5 14. Be3 b6 15. 0-0 0-0 16. a4 a5 17. Rb1 Bd7 18. Rb2 Rb8 19. Rbf2 Qe7 20. Bc2 g5 21. Bd2 Qe8 22. Be1 Qg6 23. Qd3 Nh5 24. Rxf8+ Rxf8 25. Rxf8+ Kxf8 26. Bd1 Nf4 27. Qc2 Bxa4 (diagram) (Resignation)
Thus Fischer had drawn level (the score was now 2½–2½), although FIDE rules stipulated that the champion retained the title if after 24 games the match ended in a tie.
After game 5, Fischer hinted to Lombardy about a surprise he had in store for game 6.
Game 6: Fischer–Spassky, 1–0 (QGD Tartakower)
. Before the match began, the Soviet team that had been training Spassky debated about whether Fischer might play an opening move different from his usual 1.e4. "But when the question was raised as to whether 1.d4 or 1.c4 could be expected of Fischer, Spassky replied: 'Let's not bother with such nonsense – I'll play the Tartakower [Defence]. What can he achieve?...
Fischer played 1.c4 (instead of 1.e4) for only the third time in a serious game. With 3.d4 the game transposed to the Queen's Gambit Declined, surprising many who had never seen Fischer play the White side of that opening. In fact, he had previously openly condemned it.
Spassky played Tartakower's Defense (7...b6), his favorite choice in many tournaments and a line with which he had never lost. After 14.Bb5 (introduced in Furman–Geller, Moscow 1970), Spassky responded with 14...a6. Geller had previously shown Spassky 14...Qb7, the move with which Geller later beat Jan Timman at Hilversum 1973, but Spassky apparently forgot about it. Fischer's 20.e4! – "the key move of the game" – struck at Black's center and left Spassky with no good alternatives. After Spassky's 20...d4, "the pawns have no hope of further advance and the white bishop is unimpeded." After 21.f4, Fischer had the upper hand (Hort). After 26.f5, White had a crushing attack. Queen's Gambit Declined: Tartakower Variation (ECO D59) 1. c4 e6 2. Nf3 d5 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bg5 0-0 6. e3 h6 7. Bh4 b6 8. cxd5 Nxd5 9. Bxe7 Qxe7 10. Nxd5 exd5 11. Rc1 Be6 12. Qa4 c5 13. Qa3 Rc8 14. Bb5 a6 15. dxc5 bxc5 16. 0-0 Ra7 17. Be2 Nd7 18. Nd4 Qf8 19. Nxe6 fxe6 (diagram) 20. e4 d4 21. f4 Qe7 22. e5 Rb8 23. Bc4 Kh8 24. Qh3 Nf8 25. b3 a5 26. f5 exf5 27. Rxf5 Nh7 28. Rcf1 Qd8 29. Qg3 Re7 30. h4 Rbb7 31. e6 Rbc7 32. Qe5 Qe8 33. a4 Qd8 34. R1f2 Qe8 35. R2f3 Qd8 36. Bd3 Qe8 37. Qe4 Nf6 38. Rxf6 gxf6 39. Rxf6 Kg8 40. Bc4 Kh8 41. Qf4 (Resignation)
After this game, Spassky joined the audience in applauding Fischer's win. This astounded Fischer, who called his opponent "a true sportsman".
"Lombardy was ecstatic: 'Bobby has played a steady, fluent game, and just watched Spassky make horrendous moves. Spassky has not met a player of Bobby's genius and caliber before, who fights for every piece on the board; he doesn't give in and agree to draws like the Russian grandmasters. This is a shock to Spassky.
According to C.H.O'D. Alexander: "This game was notable for two things. First, Fischer played the Queen's Gambit for the first time in his life in a serious game; second, he played it to perfection, the game indeed casting doubt on Black's whole opening system."
The win gave Fischer the lead (3½–2½) for the first time in the match.
Game 7: Spassky–Fischer, ½–½ (Sicilian Najdorf)
. Spassky played 1.e4 for the first time in the match. Fischer defended aggressively with his favorite Poisoned Pawn Variation of the Najdorf Sicilian, and after 17...Nc6 had the upper hand (Gipslis). He consolidated his extra pawn and reached a winning endgame, but then played carelessly, allowing Spassky to salvage a draw. In the final position, Fischer had two extra pawns but had to execute a draw by in order to escape being checkmated by Spassky's two rooks and knight. Sicilian Defense: Najdorf Variation, Poisoned Pawn Variation (ECO B97) 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Bg5 e6 7. f4 Qb6 8. Qd2 Qxb2 9. Nb3 Qa3 10. Bd3 Be7 11. 0-0 h6 12. Bh4 Nxe4 13. Nxe4 Bxh4 14. f5 exf5 15. Bb5+ axb5 16. Nxd6+ Kf8 17. Nxc8 Nc6 18. Nd6 Rd8 19. Nxb5 Qe7 20. Qf4 g6 21. a4 Bg5 22. Qc4 Be3+ 23. Kh1 f4 24. g3 g5 25. Rae1 Qb4 26. Qxb4+ Nxb4 27. Re2 Kg7 28. Na5 b6 29. Nc4 Nd5 30. Ncd6 Bc5 31. Nb7 Rc8 32. c4 Ne3 33. Rf3 Nxc4 34. gxf4 g4 35. Rd3 h5 36. h3 Na5 37. N7d6 Bxd6 38. Nxd6 Rc1+ 39. Kg2 Nc4 40. Ne8+ Kg6 41. h4 f6 42. Re6 Rc2+ 43. Kg1 Kf5 44. Ng7+ Kxf4 45. Rd4+ Kg3 46. Nf5+ Kf3 47. Ree4 Rc1+ 48. Kh2 Rc2+ 49. Kg1 (diagram) (Draw by Agreement)
Game 8: Fischer–Spassky, 1–0 (English Symmetrical)
. Fischer again played 1.c4; the game remained an English Opening rather than transposing to another opening as in game 6. After 14...a6 the game was even. Spassky gave up an exchange with 15...b5 for little compensation in the way of a positional advantage. It is unclear whether Spassky's 15th move was a sacrifice or a blunder, but his 19th move was definitely a blunder that lost a pawn and left him with a hopeless position. Fischer won, putting him ahead 5–3. English Opening: Symmetrical Defense (ECO A39) 1. c4 c5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. g3 g6 5. Bg2 Bg7 6. 0-0 0-0 7. d4 cxd4 8. Nxd4 Nxd4 9. Qxd4 d6 10. Bg5 Be6 11. Qf4 Qa5 12. Rac1 Rab8 13. b3 Rfc8 14. Qd2 a6 15. Be3 b5 16. Ba7 bxc4 17. Bxb8 Rxb8 18. bxc4 Bxc4 19. Rfd1 (diagram) Nd7 20. Nd5 Qxd2 21. Nxe7+ Kf8 22. Rxd2 Kxe7 23. Rxc4 Rb1+ 24. Bf1 Nc5 25. Kg2 a5 26. e4 Ba1 27. f4 f6 28. Re2 Ke6 29. Rec2 Bb2 30. Be2 h5 31. Rd2 Ba3 32. f5+ gxf5 33. exf5+ Ke5 34. Rcd4 Kxf5 35. Rd5+ Ke6 36. Rxd6+ Ke7 37. Rc6 (Resignation)
Game 9: Spassky–Fischer, ½–½ (QGD Semi-Tarrasch)
. After game 8 Spassky took time off, citing an illness, which delayed game 9 by two days. The opening to the Semi-Tarrasch Defense of the Queen's Gambit Declined. Fischer then played a of 9...b5!. After 13...0-0 the game was even (Parma). Several exchanges followed, as the game proceeded to a quiet draw after just 29 moves. Queen's Gambit Declined: Semi-Tarrasch Defense, Exchange Variation (ECO D41) 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. Nc3 c5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 cxd4 8. cxd4 Nc6 9. Bc4 b5 (diagram) 10. Bd3 Bb4+ 11. Bd2 Bxd2+ 12. Qxd2 a6 13. a4 0–0 14. Qc3 Bb7 15. axb5 axb5 16. 0-0 Qb6 17. Rab1 b4 18. Qd2 Nxd4 19. Nxd4 Qxd4 20. Rxb4 Qd7 21. Qe3 Rfd8 22. Rfb1 Qxd3 23. Qxd3 Rxd3 24. Rxb7 g5 25. Rb8+ Rxb8 26. Rxb8+ Kg7 27. f3 Rd2 28. h4 h6 29. hxg5 hxg5 (Draw by Agreement)
Game 10: Fischer–Spassky, 1–0 (Ruy Lopez Breyer)
. Fischer played the Ruy Lopez, an opening on which he was considered an expert. After a balanced opening, Spassky's 25...Qxa5 gave Fischer the upper hand (25...axb5 26.Rxb5 Ba6 gives Spassky a better chance; Gligorić). Fischer responded by initiating a dangerous attack on Spassky's king with 26.Bb3 (Matanović), suddenly placing Black in a critical situation. Spassky sacrificed the exchange for a pawn, reaching a sharp endgame where his two connected passed pawns gave almost sufficient compensation for Fischer's small advantage. Spassky then had chances to draw, but played inexactly, and Fischer won the game with precise play. Ruy Lopez: Breyer Variation (ECO C95) 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. 0-0 Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 0-0 9. h3 Nb8 10. d4 Nbd7 11. Nbd2 Bb7 12. Bc2 Re8 13. b4 Bf8 14. a4 Nb6 15. a5 Nbd7 16. Bb2 Qb8 17. Rb1 c5 18. bxc5 dxc5 19. dxe5 Nxe5 20. Nxe5 Qxe5 21. c4 Qf4 22. Bxf6 Qxf6 23. cxb5 Red8 24. Qc1 Qc3 25. Nf3 Qxa5 26. Bb3 (diagram) axb5 27. Qf4 Rd7 28. Ne5 Qc7 29. Rbd1 Re7 30. Bxf7+ Rxf7 31. Qxf7+ Qxf7 32. Nxf7 Bxe4 33. Rxe4 Kxf7 34. Rd7+ Kf6 35. Rb7 Ra1+ 36. Kh2 Bd6+ 37. g3 b4 38. Kg2 h5 39. Rb6 Rd1 40. Kf3 Kf7 41. Ke2 Rd5 42. f4 g6 43. g4 hxg4 44. hxg4 g5 45. f5 Be5 46. Rb5 Kf6 47. Rexb4 Bd4 48. Rb6+ Ke5 49. Kf3 Rd8 50. Rb8 Rd7 51. R4b7 Rd6 52. Rb6 Rd7 53. Rg6 Kd5 54. Rxg5 Be5 55. f6 Kd4 56. Rb1 (Resignation)
Game 11: Spassky–Fischer, 1–0 (Sicilian Najdorf)
. As in game 7, game 11 opened with the Sicilian Najdorf and Fischer played his favorite Poisoned Pawn Variation. Spassky responded with the startling 14.Nb1 (given by many annotators at the time), retreating his knight to its starting position. Although later analysis showed that the game would maintain if Black responded correctly, Fischer was unprepared for the move and did not find the optimal reply. If Fischer had instead played 15...Ne7 then 16.N1d2!? and the game is unclear (Gipslis). After inferior defense by Fischer, Spassky trapped Fischer's queen to reach a winning position, at which point Fischer resigned. It was Spassky's first win since games 1 and 2; for Fischer it was the only time in his career that he lost using the Poisoned Pawn variation in a competitive game.
Sicilian Defense: Najdorf Variation, Poisoned Pawn Variation (ECO B97) 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Bg5 e6 7. f4 Qb6 8. Qd2 Qxb2 9. Nb3 Qa3 10. Bxf6 gxf6 11. Be2 h5 12. 0-0 Nc6 13. Kh1 Bd7 14. Nb1 (diagram) Qb4 15. Qe3 d5 16. exd5 Ne7 17. c4 Nf5 18. Qd3 h4 19. Bg4 Nd6 20. N1d2 f5 21. a3 Qb6 22. c5 Qb5 23. Qc3 fxg4 24. a4 h3 25. axb5 hxg2+ 26. Kxg2 Rh3 27. Qf6 Nf5 28. c6 Bc8 29. dxe6 fxe6 30. Rfe1 Be7 31. Rxe6 (Resignation)
Game 12: Fischer–Spassky, ½–½ (QGD Neo-orthodox)
. As in game 6, Fischer's opening 1. c4 transposed into the Queen's Gambit Declined. A quiet game followed. After 19.Be4, analysts gave Fischer a slight advantage (Yudovich), but by 24...a5 the game was even again (Polugaevsky). Neither player was able to find an advantage, and after 55 moves they reached an opposite-colored bishops endgame. Although Spassky had an extra pawn (four against Fischer's three), they could not make progress, and agreed to a draw.
Queen's Gambit Declined: Neo-orthodox Variation (ECO D66) 1. c4 e6 2. Nf3 d5 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bg5 h6 6. Bh4 0-0 7. e3 Nbd7 8. Rc1 c6 9. Bd3 dxc4 10. Bxc4 b5 11. Bd3 a6 12. a4 bxa4 13. Nxa4 Qa5+ 14. Nd2 Bb4 15. Nc3 c5 16. Nb3 Qd8 17. 0-0 cxd4 18. Nxd4 Bb7 19. Be4 Qb8 (diagram) 20. Bg3 Qa7 21. Nc6 Bxc6 22. Bxc6 Rac8 23. Na4 Rfd8 24. Bf3 a5 25. Rc6 Rxc6 26. Bxc6 Rc8 27. Bf3 Qa6 28. h3 Qb5 29. Be2 Qc6 30. Bf3 Qb5 31. b3 Be7 32. Be2 Qb4 33. Ba6 Rc6 34. Bd3 Nc5 35. Qf3 Rc8 36. Nxc5 Bxc5 37. Rc1 Rd8 38. Bc4 Qd2 39. Rf1 Bb4 40. Bc7 Rd7 41. Qc6 Qc2 42. Be5 Rd2 43. Qa8+ Kh7 44. Bxf6 gxf6 45. Qf3 f5 46. g4 Qe4 47. Kg2 Kg6 48. Rc1 Ba3 49. Ra1 Bb4 50. Rc1 Be7 51. gxf5+ exf5 52. Re1 Rxf2+ 53. Kxf2 Bh4+ 54. Ke2 Qxf3+ 55. Kxf3 Bxe1 (Draw by Agreement)
Game 13: Spassky–Fischer, 0–1 (Alekhine's Defense Modern)
. Fischer avoided the Sicilian Defense, with which he had lost game 11, opting for Alekhine's Defense. After 8...a5 9.a4 (9.c3 and Black is only slightly better; Gligorić) dxe5 10.dxe5 Na6! 11.0-0 Nc5, Fischer had the upper hand (Bagirov). The game swung one way, then another, and was finally adjourned at move 42 with Fischer having an edge in a sharp position but no clear win. The Soviet team's analysis convinced them that the position was drawn. Fischer stayed up until 8 a.m. analyzing it (the resumption being at 2:30 p.m.). He had not found a win either, but managed to win a complicated pawns-versus-rook endgame after Spassky missed a relatively simple draw with 69.Rc3+. Spassky's seconds were stunned, and Spassky himself refused to leave the board for a long time after the game was over, unable to believe the result. He remarked, "It is very strange. How can one lose with the opponent's only rook locked in completely at g8?"
Lombardy noted the shock that Spassky was in after he resigned: "While Fischer dashed for his car, Spassky remained glued to his seat. A sympathetic Lothar Schmid came over, and the two shifted the pieces about with Boris demonstrating his careless mistakes. The two were left wondering how Bobby could have squeezed a win from a position which a night of competent analysis by a renowned Soviet team had showed to be a guaranteed draw."
Former World Champion Mikhail Botvinnik said this game made a particularly strong impression on him. He called it "the highest creative achievement of Fischer". He resolved a opposite-colored bishops endgame by sacrificing his bishop and trapping his own rook. "Then five passed pawns struggled with the white rook. Nothing similar had been seen before in chess".
David Bronstein said, "Of all the games from the match, the 13th appeals to me most of all. When I play through the game I still cannot grasp the innermost motive behind this or that plan or even individual move. Like an enigma, it still teases my imagination." Alekhine's Defense: Modern Variation, Alburt Variation (ECO B04) 1. e4 Nf6 2. e5 Nd5 3. d4 d6 4. Nf3 g6 5. Bc4 Nb6 6. Bb3 Bg7 7. Nbd2 0-0 8. h3 a5 9. a4 dxe5 10. dxe5 Na6 11. 0-0 Nc5 12. Qe2 Qe8 13. Ne4 Nbxa4 14. Bxa4 Nxa4 15. Re1 Nb6 16. Bd2 a4 17. Bg5 h6 18. Bh4 Bf5 19. g4 Be6 20. Nd4 Bc4 21. Qd2 Qd7 22. Rad1 Rfe8 23. f4 Bd5 24. Nc5 Qc8 25. Qc3 e6 26. Kh2 Nd7 27. Nd3 c5 28. Nb5 Qc6 29. Nd6 Qxd6 30. exd6 Bxc3 31. bxc3 f6 32. g5 hxg5 33. fxg5 f5 34. Bg3 Kf7 35. Ne5+ Nxe5 36. Bxe5 b5 37. Rf1 Rh8 38. Bf6 a3 39. Rf4 a2 40. c4 Bxc4 41. d7 Bd5 42. Kg3 Ra3+ 43. c3 Rha8 44. Rh4 e5 45. Rh7+ Ke6 46. Re7+ Kd6 47. Rxe5 Rxc3+ 48. Kf2 Rc2+ 49. Ke1 Kxd7 50. Rexd5+ Kc6 51. Rd6+ Kb7 52. Rd7+ Ka6 53. R7d2 Rxd2 54. Kxd2 b4 55. h4 Kb5 56. h5 c4 57. Ra1 gxh5 58. g6 h4 59. g7 h3 60. Be7 Rg8 61. Bf8 (diagram) h2 62. Kc2 Kc6 63. Rd1 b3+ 64. Kc3 h1=Q 65. Rxh1 Kd5 66. Kb2 f4 67. Rd1+ Ke4 68. Rc1 Kd3 69. Rd1+ Ke2 70. Rc1 f3 71. Bc5 Rxg7 72. Rxc4 Rd7 73. Re4+ Kf1 74. Bd4 f2 (Resignation)
When Spassky and Fischer shook hands, many in the audience thought they had agreed to a draw, thinking that 75.Rf4 draws. But 75...Rxd4! 76.Rxd4 Ke2 wins; 75.Be5 Rd1 76.Kxb3 Re1 also wins for Black.
The next seven games (games 14 through 20) were drawn. Fischer was unable to get the initiative. Spassky chose lines that Fischer was unable to break. With a three-point lead, Fischer was content to inch towards the title, and Spassky seemed resigned to his fate.
The off-the-board antics continued, including a lawsuit against Fischer for damages by Chester Fox, who had filming rights to the match (Fischer had objected to what he said were noticeable camera noises, and the Icelandic hosts had reluctantly – they were to share in film revenues along with the two contestants – removed the television cameras), a Fischer demand to remove the first seven rows of spectators (eventually, three rows were cleared), and Soviet claims that Fischer was using electronic and chemical devices to 'control' Spassky, resulting in an Icelandic police sweep of the hall.
Game 14: Fischer–Spassky, ½–½ (QGD Harrwitz)
. The game was postponed at Spassky's request. Fischer was again White in a Queen's Gambit Declined. After 18.Be5 (18.Nxb6 Qxb6 19.Be5 and Fischer keeps a slight advantage; Gligorić) Bxa4 19.Qxa4 Nc6! Spassky had the upper hand (Karpov). Fischer blundered a pawn on move 21. Spassky blundered it back on move 27, however, and the game settled into a 40-move draw. Queen's Gambit Declined: Harrwitz Attack (ECO D37) 1. c4 e6 2. Nf3 d5 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bf4 0-0 6. e3 c5 7. dxc5 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Be2 Bxc5 10. 0-0 Be6 11. Rc1 Rc8 12. a3 h6 13. Bg3 Bb6 14. Ne5 Ne7 15. Na4 Ne4 16. Rxc8 Bxc8 17. Nf3 Bd7 18. Be5 Bxa4 19. Qxa4 Nc6 20. Bf4 Qf6 (diagram) 21. Bb5 Qxb2 22. Bxc6 Nc3 23. Qb4 Qxb4 24. axb4 bxc6 25. Be5 Nb5 26. Rc1 Rc8 27. Nd4 f6 28. Bxf6 Bxd4 29. Bxd4 Nxd4 30. exd4 Rb8 31. Kf1 Rxb4 32. Rxc6 Rxd4 33. Ra6 Kf7 34. Rxa7+ Kf6 35. Rd7 h5 36. Ke2 g5 37. Ke3 Re4+ 38. Kd3 Ke6 39. Rg7 Kf6 40. Rd7 Ke6 (Draw by Agreement)
Game 15: Spassky–Fischer, ½–½ (Sicilian Najdorf)
. Fischer returned to the Najdorf Sicilian, but played the main line rather than the Poisoned Pawn Variation with which he had lost game 11. At move 13, Fischer sacrificed a pawn for, which Spassky accepted. After 19.c3, Spassky had the upper hand (Gipslis). After 28...Rd7 the game was even, but when Spassky took a second pawn with 29.Qxh5 it allowed Fischer a very strong attack. Spassky, on the brink of disaster, "found miraculous replies while in time pressure" and Fischer was only able to achieve a draw by threefold repetition after 43 moves. Two years later, Yugoslav grandmaster Dragoljub Velimirović improved on Spassky's play with the piece sacrifice 13.Bxb5, winning a crushing victory in Velimirović–Al Kazzaz, Nice Olympiad 1974. Black in turn later improved on Fischer's 12...0-0-0 with 12...b4. Sicilian Defense: Najdorf Variation, Classical Main line (ECO B99) 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Bg5 e6 7. f4 Be7 8. Qf3 Qc7 9. 0-0-0 Nbd7 10. Bd3 b5 11. Rhe1 Bb7 12. Qg3 0-0-0 13. Bxf6 Nxf6 14. Qxg7 Rdf8 15. Qg3 b4 16. Na4 Rhg8 17. Qf2 Nd7 18. Kb1 Kb8 19. c3 Nc5 20. Bc2 bxc3 21. Nxc3 Bf6 22. g3 h5 23. e5 dxe5 24. fxe5 Bh8 25. Nf3 Rd8 26. Rxd8+ Rxd8 27. Ng5 Bxe5 28. Qxf7 Rd7 29. Qxh5 Bxc3 30. bxc3 Qb6+ 31. Kc1 Qa5 32. Qh8+ Ka7 33. a4 Nd3+ 34. Bxd3 Rxd3 35. Kc2 Rd5 36. Re4 Rd8 37. Qg7 Qf5 38. Kb3 Qd5+ 39. Ka3 Qd2 40. Rb4 Qc1+ 41. Rb2 Qa1+ 42. Ra2 Qc1+ 43. Rb2 Qa1+ (diagram) (Draw by Agreement)
Game 16: Fischer–Spassky, ½–½ (Ruy Lopez Exchange)
. Fischer played the Exchange Variation of the Ruy Lopez, a favorite line of his. After 17...Rfe8 the game was equal (Gipslis). Spassky defended well, and after a tactical flurry in the endgame, ended up with the nominal advantage of an extra pawn in a rook ending known to be an easy. Although a draw could have been agreed after move 34, Spassky "used his symbolic advantage for a little psychological torture", prolonging the game until move 60 before agreeing to a draw. Ruy Lopez: Exchange Variation (ECO C69) 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. 0-0 f6 6. d4 Bg4 7. dxe5 Qxd1 8. Rxd1 fxe5 9. Rd3 Bd6 10. Nbd2 Nf6 11. Nc4 Nxe4 12. Ncxe5 Bxf3 13. Nxf3 0-0 14. Be3 b5 15. c4 Rab8 16. Rc1 bxc4 17. Rd4 Rfe8 18. Nd2 Nxd2 19. Rxd2 Re4 20. g3 Be5 21. Rcc2 Kf7 22. Kg2 Rxb2 (diagram) 23. Kf3 c3 24. Kxe4 cxd2 25. Rxd2 Rb5 26. Rc2 Bd6 27. Rxc6 Ra5 28. Bf4 Ra4+ 29. Kf3 Ra3+ 30. Ke4 Rxa2 31. Bxd6 cxd6 32. Rxd6 Rxf2 33. Rxa6 Rxh2 34. Kf3 Rd2 35. Ra7+ Kf6 36. Ra6+ Ke7 37. Ra7+ Rd7 38. Ra2 Ke6 39. Kg2 Re7 40. Kh3 Kf6 41. Ra6+ Re6 42. Ra5 h6 43. Ra2 Kf5 44. Rf2+ Kg5 45. Rf7 g6 46. Rf4 h5 47. Rf3 Rf6 48. Ra3 Re6 49. Rf3 Re4 50. Ra3 Kh6 51. Ra6 Re5 52. Kh4 Re4+ 53. Kh3 Re7 54. Kh4 Re5 55. Rb6 Kg7 56. Rb4 Kh6 57. Rb6 Re1 58. Kh3 Rh1+ 59. Kg2 Ra1 60. Kh3 Ra4 (Draw by Agreement)
Game 17: Spassky–Fischer, ½–½ (Pirc Defense)
. Fischer played the Pirc Defense for the first time in his career. After 18...Qc7 the game was unclear (Parma). The game ended in a draw by the threefold repetition rule. Pirc Defense: Austrian Attack (ECO B09) 1. e4 d6 2. d4 g6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. f4 Bg7 5. Nf3 c5 6. dxc5 Qa5 7. Bd3 Qxc5 8. Qe2 0-0 9. Be3 Qa5 10. 0-0 Bg4 11. Rad1 Nc6 12. Bc4 Nh5 13. Bb3 Bxc3 14. bxc3 Qxc3 15. f5 Nf6 (diagram) 16. h3 Bxf3 17. Qxf3 Na5 18. Rd3 Qc7 19. Bh6 Nxb3 20. cxb3 Qc5+ 21. Kh1 Qe5 22. Bxf8 Rxf8 23. Re3 Rc8 24. fxg6 hxg6 25. Qf4 Qxf4 26. Rxf4 Nd7 27. Rf2 Ne5 28. Kh2 Rc1 29. Ree2 Nc6 30. Rc2 Re1 31. Rfe2 Ra1 32. Kg3 Kg7 33. Rcd2 Rf1 34. Rf2 Re1 35. Rfe2 Rf1 36. Re3 a6 37. Rc3 Re1 38. Rc4 Rf1 39. Rdc2 Ra1 40. Rf2 Re1 41. Rfc2 g5 42. Rc1 Re2 43. R1c2 Re1 44. Rc1 Re2 45. R1c2 (Draw by Threefold Repetition)
Game 18: Fischer–Spassky, ½–½ (Sicilian Rauzer)
. The game opened with a Richter–Rauzer Attack. After 19...Ne5 the game was equal (Matanović, Ugrinović). Like game 17, the game ended in a draw by threefold repetition. Sicilian Defense: Richter–Rauzer Attack (ECO B69) 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. Nc3 Nc6 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 Nf6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 a6 8. 0-0-0 Bd7 9. f4 Be7 10. Nf3 b5 11. Bxf6 gxf6 12. Bd3 Qa5 13. Kb1 b4 14. Ne2 Qc5 15. f5 a5 16. Nf4 a4 17. Rc1 Rb8 18. c3 b3 19. a3 Ne5 20. Rhf1 Nc4 21. Bxc4 Qxc4 22. Rce1 Kd8 23. Ka1 Rb5 24. Nd4 Ra5 25. Nd3 Kc7 26. Nb4 h5 27. g3 Re5 28. Nd3 Rb8 29. Qe2 Ra5 30. fxe6 fxe6 31. Rf2 (diagram) e5 32. Nf5 Bxf5 33. Rxf5 d5 34. exd5 Qxd5 35. Nb4 Qd7 36. Rxh5 Bxb4 37. cxb4 Rd5 38. Rc1+ Kb7 39. Qe4 Rc8 40. Rb1 Kb6 41. Rh7 Rd4 42. Qg6 Qc6 43. Rf7 Rd6 44. Qh6 Qf3 45. Qh7 Qc6 46. Qh6 Qf3 47. Qh7 Qc6 (Draw by Threefold Repetition)
Game 19: Spassky–Fischer, ½–½ (Alekhine's Defense)
. The second Alekhine's Defense of the match, the game ended in a draw after 40 moves. After 18...Bg5, Gligorić commented "a queer situation has arisen with many tactical possibilities for both sides." After 19.Bh5 the position was unclear (Bagirov). After 37...a6, C.H.O'D. Alexander wrote: "A miracle; after all the excitements – two piece sacrifices by White and the counter-sacrifice of a rook by Black – the players have reached a completely equal endgame with no chances for either side." Alekhine's Defense: Modern Variation (ECO B05) 1. e4 Nf6 2. e5 Nd5 3. d4 d6 4. Nf3 Bg4 5. Be2 e6 6. 0-0 Be7 7. h3 Bh5 8. c4 Nb6 9. Nc3 0-0 10. Be3 d5 11. c5 Bxf3 12. Bxf3 Nc4 13. b3 Nxe3 14. fxe3 b6 15. e4 c6 16. b4 bxc5 17. bxc5 Qa5 18. Nxd5 Bg5 (diagram) 19. Bh5 cxd5 20. Bxf7+ Rxf7 21. Rxf7 Qd2 22. Qxd2 Bxd2 23. Raf1 Nc6 24. exd5 exd5 25. Rd7 Be3+ 26. Kh1 Bxd4 27. e6 Be5 28. Rxd5 Re8 29. Re1 Rxe6 30. Rd6 Kf7 31. Rxc6 Rxc6 32. Rxe5 Kf6 33. Rd5 Ke6 34. Rh5 h6 35. Kh2 Ra6 36. c6 Rxc6 37. Ra5 a6 38. Kg3 Kf6 39. Kf3 Rc3+ 40. Kf2 Rc2+ (Draw by Agreement)
Game 20: Fischer–Spassky, ½–½ (Sicilian Rauzer)
. Another Richter–Rauzer, after 13...Nxd2 the game was equal (Matanović, Ugrinović). Spassky outplayed Fischer and got a better position. Fischer headed for a endgame but Spassky twice avoided a draw by threefold repetition. After 54 moves, Fischer made an incorrect claim of threefold repetition, but Spassky agreed to a draw anyway. Sicilian Defense: Richter–Rauzer Attack (ECO B68) 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Bg5 e6 7. Qd2 a6 8. 0-0-0 Bd7 9. f4 Be7 10. Be2 0-0 11. Bf3 h6 12. Bh4 Nxe4 13. Bxe7 Nxd2 14. Bxd8 Nxf3 15. Nxf3 Rfxd8 16. Rxd6 Kf8 17. Rhd1 Ke7 18. Na4 Be8 19. Rxd8 Rxd8 20. Nc5 Rb8 21. Rd3 a5 22. Rb3 b5 23. a3 a4 24. Rc3 Rd8 25. Nd3 f6 26. Rc5 Rb8 27. Rc3 g5 28. g3 Kd6 29. Nc5 g4 30. Ne4+ Ke7 31. Ne1 Rd8 32. Nd3 Rd4 33. Nef2 h5 34. Rc5 Rd5 35. Rc3 Nd4 36. Rc7+ Rd7 37. Rxd7+ Bxd7 38. Ne1 e5 39. fxe5 fxe5 40. Kd2 Bf5 41. Nd1 Kd6 42. Ne3 Be6 43. Kd3 Bf7 44. Kc3 Kc6 45. Kd3 Kc5 46. Ke4 Kd6 47. Kd3 Bg6+ 48. Kc3 Kc5 49. Nd3+ Kd6 50. Ne1 Kc6 51. Kd2 Kc5 52. Nd3+ Kd6 53. Ne1 Ne6 54. Kc3 Nd4 (diagram) (Draw by Incorrect Claim of Threefold Repetition, Uncontested)
Game 21: Spassky–Fischer, 0–1 (Sicilian Taimanov)
. The 21st game proved to be the last of the match. Fischer used a line of the Sicilian that he had never before played as Black, and further surprised Spassky with a on move eight. After 14...Qxf6 the game was equal (Taimanov). Spassky played badly in the endgame, and the game was adjourned with a big advantage for Fischer. Fischer's 40th move was not the best, however; he should have played 40...Kg4 before ...h5 (his actual 40th move). Had Spassky 41.Kh3! (preventing ...Kg4), he would have had drawing chances. Instead he sealed 41.Bd7, which would have permitted Black to win with 41...Kg4 followed by his h-pawn. On September1, the day scheduled for resumption of the game, arbiter Lothar Schmid informed Fischer and the audience that Spassky had resigned the game by telephone, making Fischer the winner of the match. FIDE President Max Euwe expressed disappointment that Spassky did not go to the playing hall to congratulate Fischer. Sicilian Defense: Paulsen Variation, transposing to Taimanov Variation (ECO B46) 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 a6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Be3 Nf6 7. Bd3 d5 8. exd5 exd5 9. 0-0 Bd6 10. Nxc6 bxc6 11. Bd4 0-0 12. Qf3 Be6 13. Rfe1 c5 14. Bxf6 Qxf6 15. Qxf6 gxf6 16. Rad1 Rfd8 17. Be2 Rab8 18. b3 c4 19. Nxd5 Bxd5 20. Rxd5 Bxh2+ 21. Kxh2 Rxd5 22. Bxc4 Rd2 23. Bxa6 Rxc2 24. Re2 Rxe2 25. Bxe2 Rd8 26. a4 Rd2 27. Bc4 Ra2 28. Kg3 Kf8 29. Kf3 Ke7 30. g4 f5 31. gxf5 f6 32. Bg8 h6 33. Kg3 Kd6 34. Kf3 Ra1 35. Kg2 Ke5 36. Be6 Kf4 37. Bd7 Rb1 38. Be6 Rb2 39. Bc4 Ra2 40. Be6 h5 41. Bd7 (diagram) (Resignation)
The final score was 12½–8½ in favor of Fischer, making him the eleventh world champion. Spassky won three games (including the forfeit in game 2), Fischer won seven games, and there were eleven draws.
Aftermath
Fischer's crushing victory made him an instant celebrity. Upon his return to New York, a Bobby Fischer Day was held. He was offered numerous product endorsement offers worth millions of dollars, all of which he declined. He appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated with American Olympic swimming champion Mark Spitz. Fischer also made television appearances on a Bob Hope special and The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson. But the games in this match proved to be his last public competitive games for two decades. Fischer had, prior to the match, felt that the first-to-12½-points format was not fair, since it encouraged whoever was leading to play for draws instead of wins. He himself adopted this strategy in the match: after having taken a comfortable lead, he drew games 14–20. With each game, he coasted closer to the title, while Spassky lost a chance to fight back.
This style of chess offended Fischer. Instead he demanded the format be changed to that used in the very first World Chess Championship, between Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort, where the winner was the first player to score 10 wins, with draws not counting. In case of a 9–9 score, the champion would retain title, and the prize fund split equally. A FIDE Congress was held in 1974 during the Nice Olympiad. The delegates voted in favor of Fischer's 10-win proposal, but rejected the 9–9 clause as well as the possibility of an unlimited match. In response, Fischer refused to defend his title. Anatoly Karpov, who had fought his way through the 1975 candidates tournament, was declared World Champion by forfeit.
Seventeen years later, Fischer entered negotiations with sponsors willing to fund a match under his proposed format, settling on a bid from Yugoslav millionaire Jezdimir Vasiljević. Fischer insisted that since he had not been defeated in a match, he was still the true world champion. He further claimed that all the games in the FIDE-sanctioned World Championship matches, involving Karpov and his challengers Korchnoi and Kasparov, had prearranged outcomes. He then challenged Spassky (tied for 96th–102nd on the FIDE rating list at the time) to a rematch, leading to the 1992 Fischer–Spassky match.
In popular culture
* The musical Chess, with lyrics by Tim Rice and music by Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson, tells the story of two chess champions, referred to only as "The American" and "The Russian". The musical is loosely based on the 1972 World Championship match between Fischer and Spassky.
* During the 1972 Fischer–Spassky match, the Soviet bard Vladimir Vysotsky wrote an ironic two-song cycle "Honor of the Chess Crown". The first song is about a rank-and-file Soviet worker's preparation for the match with Fischer; the second is about the game. Many expressions from the songs have become catchphrases in Russian culture.
* The 2011 documentary Bobby Fischer Against the World features extensive archival footage from the match.
* The 2014 film Pawn Sacrifice tells the story of Fischer's attempts to defeat Russian Boris Spassky and become the world champion. The film is directed by Edward Zwick and stars Tobey Maguire as Fischer and Liev Schreiber as Spassky.
* In the sixth episode of season 3 of Drunk History, comedian Rich Fulcher recounts the 1972 World Championship match between Fischer and Spassky. | WIKI |
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Adult
Epilepsy – Surgical Evaluation
Surgery is an alternative for patients whose seizures cannot be controlled by medications. Epilepsy surgery can be especially beneficial to patients who have seizures associated with structural brain abnormalities, such as benign brain tumors, malformations of blood vessels (e.g. arteriovenous malformations, venous angiomas, and cavernous angiomas) and strokes. The operations generally involve removal of epileptogenic tissue from the area where seizures arise or interruption of nerve pathways along which seizure impulses spread.
Prior to surgery, a prospective patient undergoes a thorough evaluation consisting of complete physical and neurological examination and an assemblage of studies assess if a patient will ultimately benefit from epilepsy surgery.
Initially, the patient’s own testimony will be elicited for a medical history. However, depending on age, and also because the patient is often unaware, a witness(s) to the seizures can adequately describe the seizure characteristics and patterns. Thus, in keeping with our family-centered and sensitive approach, we engage family and caretakers as an important part of the evaluation process.
EEG & Video Monitoring
Evaluation prior to surgery for epilepsy has changed radically in the past few decades, most notably since the advent of long-term video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring in the late 1970s, and advanced neuroimaging, specifically with additional use of MRI.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is the fundamental measure of identifying seizure focus. The epileptologists on our team are adept at reading the spikes and sharp waves that constitute a spectrum of shifting seizure focus. Most patients undergoing evaluation for surgery will require EEG with video telemetry to document the seizure pattern.
However, an appropriate focus goes beyond single readings. Our experts evaluate EEG monitoring over a period of time. This is a critical measure of determine a clear onset and location of seizure activity.
MRI
While computerized tomography (CT) scan can provide some useful information about lesions which may be causing seizures, the “gold standard” for locating and evaluating brain lesions is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The greatest advance of MRI technology for epilepsy is the incredible clarity of both the normal and pathological anatomy of the brain. Since the mid-1980s, this technology has allowed us to routinely identify lesions that were previously undetectable.
Functional MRI (fMRI)
fMRI scans use the same basic technological principles as MRI scans, but whereas MRI scans image anatomical structure, FMRI images chart metabolic function. Thus, functional MRI (fMRI) provides a non-invasive means of obtaining a ‘road map’ for the function of the brain. It is used to localize sensory, motor or cognitive function in the brain via changes in blood flow and hemoglobin oxygenation. Important information is obtained by integrating the results of fMRI with EEG.
Magneto-encephalography
Magneto-encephalography (MEG) is performed using a machine that consists of a variety of highly sensitive magnetic sensors. These magnets are positioned around the scalp in a helmet-shaped container called a Dewar. They are attached to the scalp to detect small magnetic changes that arise from normal and abnormal electrical brain activity. This technology is a valuable tool because it can be used to localize the source of epileptic activity and normal functional areas of the brain for surgical planning in patients with epilepsy.
Nuclear Imaging
Nuclear medicine, which deals with imaging the body for both diagnostic and treatment purposes, plays an important role in the pre-surgical assessment of patients with refractory epilepsy. This is evident in the case of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) which is used to determine the seizure onset zone.
SPECT (single proton emission computed tomography) has an important role in the investigation of surgical candidates. Ictal (meaning taking place during a seizure) SPECT has also been useful to study seizure-spread patterns. Blood flow increases in the brain area in which the seizure originates and the blood flow can become less than normal in that same area during non-seizure states. By injecting a small and safe amount of a radioactive substance into a patient’s blood stream via IV we can evaluate the blood flow in the brain at a given time. Changes in blood flow during and after a seizure can be helpful in localizing seizure focus and spread patterns.
Intracarotid Memory and Speech Evaluation
Intracarotid memory and speech evaluation, also referred to as the Wada test (named after the Japanese neurologist who first performed it), evaluates cerebral language and memory in both hemispheres of the brain. It is performed using a catheter placed in the main artery suppling blood to each brain hemisphere. Anesthetics are injected (to disable a hemisphere) while patients are asked to perform certain tasks testing language and memory. If the patient’s ability to perform these tasks is impaired by disabling a particular hemisphere this indicates the location of the function. In this way we can evaluate which side of the brain is most important for language and memory function.
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology testing is an important part of evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Conducted by an expert neuropsychologist, it is a formal assessment of cognition such as language, memory, attention and problem-solving. The neuropsychologist is able to determine how various parts of the brain are related to each of these tasks. This testing should be able to distinguish frontal from temporal brain dysfunction. This evaluation is also compared pre- and post-surgery to asses the effects of the surgery.
Psychiatry
The psychiatrist is a vital member of a quality epilepsy team. Those being monitored for epilepsy surgery are at particularly high risk for psychiatric conditions due to the burden of their disease. Among the conditions present in this population is depression, which may include suicidal characteristics. Depression is frequent in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and surprisingly, may continue even after successful surgery and freedom from seizures. Although acute depression following surgery is often temporary, its severity should be monitored by a psychiatrist. The same holds true for delusions and hallucinations, which can be part of the seizure disorder. Some of this condition is directly related to seizures and is cured with surgery, while some delusions and hallucinations occur more generally, despite the seizures. In either case, a psychiatrist may be necessary for interventions. In addition, a psychiatrist may be required to treat resulting disorders related to stress, panic, and phobias, which are also often identified within the epilepsy population.
Intracranial Recordings
Electrocorticography (ECoG), or intracranial EEG (iEEG), is the direct recording of epileptic activity during craniotomy. It uses electrodes placed directly on the surface of the brain to gather a record of electrical activity from the cerebral cortex.
There are two types of intracranial EEG. One is done during surgery to remove a lesion causing epilepsy and electrodes are removed at the end of the surgery. In the other, extraoperative monitoring, the electrodes are placed in or over the brain where the epileptic focus is thought to reside and are left in at the conclusion of the surgery. Recordings are then made from the intracranial electrodes both while the patient is awake and alert, and during seizures. Usually in about five days, the necessary data is collected and the electrodes are removed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
André Krijnen
Tag: timestamp
Timestamp and validation
by on Jul.13, 2009, under Programming, sql server, SSIS
Timestamp in SQL Server:
1) The SQL Server timestamp data type has nothing to do with times or dates. SQL Server timestamps are binary numbers that indicate the relative sequence in which data modifications took place in a database. The timestamp data type was originally implemented to support the SQL Server recovery algorithms.
2) It further states Never use timestamp columns in keys, especially primary keys, because the timestamp value changes every time the row is modified.
For a customer we made some changes. And the situation is as follows. We exported the data to excel. Multiple tabels are exported. We changed the data in the excel file and the customer validated the data. We also did export the timetamp with the data. Why? Because we had to import it again to the database. If a Timestamp changed, we should not update the data from the excel file. That’s why.
Problem situation:
Because a timestamp isn’t a varchar, or numeric value, but a binary(8) value we had to convert it. Because we import the data by SSIS back into the database. But the data we imported is from a flat text file. So every column was read as a DT_STR by SSIS, and timestamp in the stored procedure was a datatype of Timestamp. So we did a comparison of a varchar against a timestamp. Well that situation didn’t work out that well.
So what we did was to change the parameter of the stored procedure to varchar. Well SQL Server can’t handle a comparison of varchar against timestamp inside the stored procedure. Of course, so we did try it to convert it to a varbinary(8) or binary(8) and then validate it against the timestamp. Well that didn’t work out that well.
declare @timestamp varbinary(8)
set @timestamp = CONVERT(varbinary(8), '0x0000000001F4AD88')
print @timestamp
returned: 0x3078303030303030
declare @timestamp varbinary(8)
set @timestamp = CONVERT(varbinary(8), 0x0000000001F4AD88)
print @timestamp
returned: 0x0000000001F4AD88
That comparison didn’t work well. So I had to figure an other way to validate on timestamp. When I almost lost my hope I wrote a function in SQL Server.
create function [dbo].[sp_hexadecimal] ( @var varbinary(255) )
returns varchar(255)
as
begin
declare @charval varchar(255)
declare @i int
declare @length int
declare @hex char(16)
select @charval = '0x'
select @i = 1
select @length = datalength(@var)
select @hex = '0123456789abcdef'
while (@i <= @length)
begin
declare @tempint int
declare @firstint int
declare @secondint int
select @tempint = convert(int, substring(@var,@i,1))
select @firstint = floor(@tempint/16)
select @secondint = @tempint - (@firstint*16)
select @charval = @charval +
substring(@hex, @firstint+1, 1) +
substring(@hex, @secondint+1, 1)
select @i = @i + 1
end
return ( @charval )
end
So what I did was the other. I managed to validate the data on the other way.
sphexadecimal1
it did the trick...
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Burrows Island Light
The Burrows Island Light is a lighthouse on the western tip of Burrows Island, facing Rosario Strait, near Anacortes, in Skagit County, Washington.
History
After repeated requests to Congress, and a petition from local mariners, funding for the construction of a light on Burrows Island was authorized on February 24, 1903. The drawings were made by noted architect, Carl Leick, and a contract was awarded to Barnett and Farmer for construction in May of 1905. The Lighthouse Board selected the westernmost tip of Burrows Island, near Anacortes, Washington, as the site for the new light station. The island covering more than 400 acre stands just off Fidalgo Island, and presents a rugged aspect to sailors. The Burrows Island Light, faces Rosario Strait and was first lit April 1, 1906. The Seattle Post-Intelligencer published a small photograph and enthusiastic article on May 2, 1906. "The fog signal station is a model plant and contains all the latest improvements. A fourteen foot trumpet is used to sound the warnings instead of a bell, and the contrivance is operated by the power of two powerful gasoline engines."
The Daboll trumpet fog signal blew the next year for 329 hours. The 34 sqft tower is attached to the fog signal building and once held a fourth-order Fresnel lens.
Captain James Hermann and his assistant Edward Pfaff were the first keepers at the station, which consisted of four buildings: the lighthouse itself, a boathouse and shop, a small coal and oil building and the massive duplex which dominates the station.
The wood-framed lighthouse stands nears the island's shoreline, which mainly consists of sharp and rocky drop-offs that demanded a derrick be constructed for loading the station boat and bringing in supplies. Automated in 1972, the Fresnel lens was replaced with modern optics and a helicopter landing pad located where the lighthouse keeper's home formerly stood.
In 2011, the Northwest Schooner Society began a long-term restoration project of the property and its weather-damaged and vandal-ravaged buildings. | WIKI |
How to repair RC car electronics
Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images
Radio controlled cars have many different types of electronics, such as the transmitter, receiver, speed controller and even the electric motor. With all of these different factors allowing the car to function, something is bound to be problematic from time to time. Repairing the electronics of the car requires some concentration. Once all of the electronics are working, the car will be ready to hit the pavement again.
Open the bottom of the hand-held transmitter and check to make sure the batteries are properly working. Replace or add batteries if necessary.
Unscrew the car's receiver cover using the Phillips screwdriver. Check the batteries and replace them if necessary.
Look at the wires attaching the receiver to the electronic speed control. Check to make sure these wires are in the correct sockets. Turn on the transmitter and receiver to see if the electronics are working properly.
Replace the electronic speed controller if the part does not light up. Detach the wires from the speed controller and remove the part from the car.
Install the new speed controller by taping the controller to a stationary part of the car using the electrical tape. Reattach the wires to the correct sockets.
Check the wires connecting the electric speed controller and the engine.
Replace the motor if it appears to be burnt out.
Remove the screws holding the motor in place using the Phillips screwdriver. Insert the new motor in the harness. Screw the motor into place.
Reattach the wires from the motor and speed controller. Turn on the transmitter and receiver to check all of the car's functions.
Most recent | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 22.djvu/1006
CONVENTION-SPAIN. JUNE 19, 1882. 979 Convention between the United States of America and the Kingdom of June 19, 1882. Spain, concerning trade-marks. (Jonclnded June 19, 1882; ratification _"j""‘ advised by the Senate July 5, 1882; ratijied by the President April 4, 1883; ratified by the King of Spain March 8, 1883; ·rati_/ications cwchanged April 19, 1883; proclaimed April 19, 1883. Br THE PRESIDENT on THE UNITED STATES on Armmcs. A PBOCLAMATION. Whereas, a Convention for securing reciprocal protection for trade- Preamble. marks and manufactured articles of their respective citizens or subjects within the dominions or territories of the other country was concluded between the United States of America and his majesty the King of Spain, and signed by their respective plenipotentiaries on the nineteenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-two, the original of which is word for word as follows: Convention between the United Oonvenio entre los Estados Uni- _0cutmctiugpsu·- States of America and Spain con- dos de América y Espana relativo *”°°- cerning trade-marks. a marcas de fabrica. The President of the United El Presidente de los Estados States of America and His Majesty Unidos de América y S. M. el Rey the King of Spain, being desirous de Espana, animados del deseo do of securing reciprocal protection asegurar reciprocamente la protecfor the trade-marks and manufact~ cion de las marcas de comercio y ured articles of their respective de materias manufacturadas de sus citizens or subjects within the do- respectivos ciudadanos 6 subditos minions or territories of the other en los dominios 6 territories de country, have resolved toconclude ambos paises, han resuelto conafjonvention for that purpose, and clnir un Convenio con este objeto, have appointed as their Plenipo- y nombrado como sus Plenipotententiaries: the President of the ciarios: E1 Presidente dc los Es- United States, Frederick T. Fre— tados Unidos,a1 Honorable Fredelinghnysen, Esquire, Secretary of rick T. Frelinghuysen, Secretario State of the United States; and de Estado de los Estados Unidos; His Majesty the King of Spain, His y S. M. el Rey de Espana, al Exrno Excellency Don Francisco Barca, Senor Don Francisco Barca, Su His Majesty’s Envoy Extraordi- Enviado Extraordinarioylllinistro nary and Minister Plenipotentiary Plenipotenciario en los Estados in the United States; who, after Unidos, qnienes, despues de hareciprocal communication of their berse comunicado reciprocamente full powers, found in good and due sus plenos poderes, hallados en form, have agreed upon the follow- bnena y debida forma, han coning articles, to wit: venido en los articulos siguientes, a saber: Arfrrouz I. Anrfcmto I. The citizens and subjects of each Los ciudadanos y subditos de T¤‘¤d¢>·¤¤¤¤k•· of the two contracting parties shall cada una de las partes contratanenjoy, in the dominions and posses- tes disfrutaran, en los dominios y sions of the other, the same rights posesiones de la otra, de los mismos as the natives of the country in derechos que los natumles del pais everything relating to the owner- en todo lo concerniente a la proslup of trade-marks, industrial de- piedad de marcas dc fabrica 6 do signs or models, or of manufactures comercio, de dibujos 6 modelos unof any kind. dustriales 6 cle manufactures de cualquier clase. | WIKI |
The British mining industry suffered an economic crisis in 1925. This was largely caused by the fall in prices resulting from the import of free coal from Germany as reparations in the aftermath of World War I. Mine owners therefore announced their intention to reduce the wages. The TUC responded to this news by promising to support the miners in their dispute. The Conservative government, under Stanley Baldwin decided to intervene. The Government declared that they would provide a nine month subsidy to maintain the miners' wages and a Royal Commission under the chairmanship of Sir Herbert Samuel, would look into the problems of the Mining Industry. This decision became known as Red Friday because it was seen as a victory for working class solidarity. In practice, the subsidy gave the mine owners and the Government time to prepare for a major labour dispute.
The Samuel Commission published its report in March 1926. It recognised that the industry needed to be reorganised but rejected the suggestion of nationalization. The report also recommended that the Government subsidy should be withdrawn and that the miners' wages should be reduced in order to save the industry's profitability.
Following publication of the report, the mine owners then published new terms of employment for all miners. These included an extension of the seven-hour working day, district wage-agreements, and a reduction in the wages. Depending on a number of factors, the wages would be cut by between 10% and 25%. The mine owners declared that if the miners did not accept the new terms then from the first day of May they would be locked out of the pits.
A Conference of the TUC met on the 1st of May 1926, and subsequently announced that a general strike "in defence of miners' wages and hours" was to begin on the 3rd of May. The leaders of the Labour Party were terrified by the revolutionary elements within the union movement and were unhappy about the proposed General Strike. During the next two days frantic efforts were made to reach an agreement with the Government and the mine owners. However these efforts failed.
The TUC feared that an all out general strike would bring revolutionary elements to the fore. They decided to bring out workers only in the key industries, such as railwaymen, transport workers, printers, dockers and iron and steel workers.
The Government had prepared for the strike and did whatever it could to keep the country moving. It rallied support by emphasising the revolutionary nature of the strikers. The armed forces and volunteer workers helped maintain basic services.
On the 7th of May the TUC met with Sir Herbert Samuel and worked out a set of proposals designed to end the dispute. The Miners Federation rejected the proposals. On the 12th of May the TUC General Council visited 10 Downing Street to announce their decision to call off the strike, provided that the proposals worked out by the Samuel commission were adhered to and that the Government offered a guarantee that there would be no victimization of strikers. The government stated that it had "no power to compel employers to take back every man who had been on strike." Thus the TUC agreed to end the dispute without such an agreement.
For several months the miners continued to hold out, but by October 1926 hardship forced many men back. By the end of November most miners were back at work. However, many were victimized and remained unemployed for many years. Those that were employed were forced to accept longer hours, lower wages and district wage agreement.
In 1927 the British Government passed the Trade Disputes and Trade Union Act. This act made all sympathetic strikes illegal, and ensured that trade union members had to voluntarily 'contract in' to pay the political levy. It also forbade Civil Service unions from affiliating with the TUC, and made mass picketing illegal. | FINEWEB-EDU |
-- Romania's in Advanced Talks With World Bank, Dragoi Says
Romania is in “advanced talks”
with the World Bank for a 1 billion-euro ($1.3 billion) loan to
shield the nation against the sovereign debt crisis, Finance
Minister Bogdan Dragoi said. The Washington-based lender’s board of directors will
probably meet in early June to discuss the precautionary loan,
which Romania doesn’t plan to use, Dragoi said in an interview
in Bucharest today. A pre-condition for the loan is the overhaul
of the country’s tax agency, he said. “We don’t plan to draw on the funds, we’ll keep the loan
as a buffer amid the economic crisis considering the latest news
from Spain and Italy ,” Dragoi said. “It’s good to have it
there, on top of the four-month financing buffer and the other
loans.” Europe ’s debt woes have returned to the fore with Spanish
and Italian bond yields rising after Spain announced on March 2
that it wouldn’t meet a European Union-approved deficit target.
The World Bank credit would be Romania’s third backstop against
the crisis after 5 billion euros were secured last year in deals
with the International Monetary Fund and the EU. Romania hasn’t
drawn any funds so far. The new loan will probably have a maturity of three years,
Francois Rantrua, the World Bank’s country manager, said in a
Jan. 26 interview. Dragoi also said the ministry hasn’t yet decided whether to
roll over 700 million euros in euro-denominated bonds due on May
8. “We’re very flexible, considering we’ve already issued
dollar bonds twice this year,” he said. Romania’s economy probably expanded on an annual basis in
the three months through March, even after disruptions from cold
weather, Dragoi said. The nation is due to report gross domestic
product data for the period on May 15. The minister declined to
comment on quarterly economic figures. To contact the reporter on this story:
Irina Savu in Bucharest at
isavu@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
James M. Gomez at
jagomez@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
‘Update on Maskne’: Tips to Prevent Acne, Dermatitis, and Pressure Sores Caused By Face Masks
It is now common knowledge that wearing a face mask is an important and effective tool to protect ourselves and our loved ones from getting sick during the COVID-19 pandemic. All you have to do is leave your home and you’ll be greeted with a sea of masked faces wherever you go. Given that this is our new way of life, you should be aware that prolonged mask-wearing can have some detrimental effects on your skin health. Prolonged mask-wearing can cause anything from acne with or without dermatitis, to pressure injuries and skin sores. Any of these can leave you with long term scars if they are not treated properly. Our goal is to give you some tips on how to prevent and treat these skin conditions if you develop them during the pandemic to help you preserve the health and appearance of your skin.
‘Maskne’
‘Maskne’ is how skin specialists and dermatologists call the spectrum of skin conditions that result from wearing a face mask over a long period of time. Although they do an excellent job at protecting us and others from contracting the coronavirus, face masks trap heat, sweat, and saliva on our face that accumulate when we breathe and speak with the mask on. This combination of heat, sweat, and saliva creates the perfect environment for skin germs (bacteria and fungi) to thrive, which can lead to the clogging and infection of skin pores. This chain of events leads to acne formation and the exacerbation of other skin conditions that irritate the skin of the parts of your face covered by the mask.
Some of the many skin conditions that can be caused by prolonged use of the face mask include acne, dermatitis, pressure sores and ulcers, allergic reactions or a combination of any of these. If you are unsure of what is affecting your skin, we recommend that you consult with your dermatologist or skin care specialist so that you can start the process of treating your skin condition as soon as possible to prevent further exacerbations and long term scars.
Is your face mask causing acne?
Acne develops on your skin when your pores become clogged with oil, dead skin cells and dirt. This accumulation causes inflammation to the skin glands allowing bacteria to thrive. The moisture trapped under a face mask is the perfect breeding ground for acne. Wearing a face mask for prolonged periods of time can promote the formation of acne in non-acne sufferers and worsen breakouts in people who already suffer from acne. Given that all of us must wear the mask for our protection during the pandemic, the best way to treat acne caused by prolonged face mask use is to keep your face clean and minimize the accumulation of oil, dirt, pollutants, and sweat on your face.
Start and finish your day by cleansing your skin well and using products that keep the pores open. When you are wearing your mask, avoid using makeup that covers your pores because it can clog your pores further and exacerbate ‘maskne’. You should also try to wear a clean fabric mask or a new disposable mask every time you change your mask to prevent dirt further clogging your pores. If you use topical acne medication, we recommend our own patients apply it at night and not while they are wearing their face mask. We do advise that you contact your own dermatologist or skin care specialist to discuss your care and recommendations specific to you.
Is it dermatitis?
If you develop a rash on your face in the distribution of your face mask, your skin may be reacting to chemicals or ingredients used to fabricate the mask. This is called contact dermatitis and given that fungus thrives in moist environments, it is reasonable to suspect fungal dermatitis. With fungal dermatitis, you will experience itchy skin and your skin may look flaky and red with tiny bumps on your face over the area covered by the mask.
While exposing your skin to the air is a good first step, it is best that you contact your dermatologist or skin care specialist. They may treat you with prescription topical antifungal medications and guide you on how to treat your symptoms. If you wear a fabric or cloth mask, your skin can be irritated by the detergent or fabric softener you used to wash the mask. Take the appropriate steps to use gentler detergents or soaps until your skin no longer reacts to your cloth mask.
Could it be a pressure sore on your face?
Whenever you wear a face mask, especially when you are wearing an N95 or a mask that creates a tight seal on your face, you have to be mindful that the area that touches your skin, and particularly your nose, can cause pressure sores or tissue injury. These skin sores are caused by continuous pressure from the mask on your skin tissues. Pressure sores will look different on different people depending on skin color and the degree and depth of the tissue that is injured. They can look pink, red or darker in color and the area may be painful to touch.
If the area is pink or red this likely means that you are dealing with a stage 1 pressure sore. These will likely improve once you allow the skin to breathe and remove the mask which is causing pressure to that area of your skin. If you do not remove the mask at this stage, these can progress to stage 2 pressure sores which will typically develop blisters. If you do not relieve the pressure causing a stage 2 sore, these can develop into deeper tissue injuries with ulcers and will heal with a scar on your skin. The sign to look out for is bluish discoloration of the skin which can be difficult to see on darker skin tones. Bluish discoloration is typically a sign of deep tissue injury (DTI) and can develop in as little as two hours from constant pressure of a tight face mask. If you notice signs of DTI, you must immediately remove the mask, away from other people, and switch to a less tight mask if it is possible and safe to do so. Next, contact your dermatologist or skin care specialist to discuss the next steps in treatment.
Tips to prevent ‘maskne’
Here are some tips to help you reduce ‘maskne’ and to optimize your skin health when you are wearing your face mask frequently or for prolonged periods of time:
– Always use a new and clean face mask on a freshly cleansed face
– Apply a non-comedogenic cream to your face 1 hour before wearing your face mask. Using an appropriate moisturizer will reduce friction from the mask that may decrease the risk of skin abrasions and irritation on your face.
– When changing your face mask, always change it to a new and clean face mask if possible
– Before you remove your mask, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water or hand sanitizer first
– Cleanse your face after removing your mask at the end of the day. When cleansing your face, you must always use a gentle cleanser that is appropriate for your skin type. At all costs, you must avoid using an abrasive cleanser that could irritate your skin. After cleansing your skin, apply a non-comedogenic moisturizing cream. Non-comedogenic creams contain ingredients like ceramides and hyaluronic acid that will not clog your pores.
– Make sure your mask fits properly on your face without pressure points or being too tight. This will help you avoid DTI and pressure sores.
– If you use makeup, we recommend that you give your face a break, especially if you already have ‘maskne’. Don’t wear makeup especially in areas covered by the face mask. Wearing makeup under your mask will contribute to clogging your pores, which can cause breakouts.
If you use reusable cloth masks, you should wash your mask daily. Use warm water with a mild detergent after every use to get rid of the oil, dirt and germs that accumulate during the day. The best cloth masks for your skin health are masks made of cotton or silk fabric because these materials will allow your skin to breathe. They are also less likely to cause an allergic reaction or dermatitis. Furthermore, they create less friction and are less likely to cause skin abrasions and irritation.
– If you have ‘maskne’, we recommend that you supplement your nutrition to enhance skin healing. Include a multivitamin in your diet. Vitamin C, vitamin D, Vitamin B5, Omega 3 fatty acids, Zinc, Selenium, and probiotics are all great vitamins and nutrients that boost the immune system and optimize healing.
– Don’t forget to apply your sunscreen, SPF 30 or above, particularly to areas affected by ‘maskne’ before you leave your home.
Make sure that when you have ‘maskne’, you consult a dermatologist or skin care specialist to discuss your care and the best treatments available for your specific skin condition. Mismanaging your ‘maskne’ could lead to long term consequences and unsightly scarring which may not be so easy to treat.
With the COVID-19 vaccine soon becoming available, hopefully at some point in the not so a distant future, daily mask wearing and ‘maskne’ may become a thing of the past. Let’s all try to make it to the finish line with healthy skin and in good health!
I hope this helps!
For more on this, and to stay connected with Skin Post:
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자욱
Etymology 1
This form can be explained with the medial leniting into and then disappearing. However, such a form is not attested in the corpus. | WIKI |
Effects of Hydroxyapatite Particulate Debris on the Production of Cytokines and Proteases in Human Fibroblasts
Document Type
Article
Language
eng
Publication Date
1-1-2006
Publisher
Wiley
Source Publication
Journal of Orthopaedic Research
Source ISSN
0736-0266
Abstract
Cytokines and proteases are secreted by fibroblasts in response to particulate wear debris, and these proteins are felt to play an important role in the development of osteolysis and implant loosening. Although metallic and polyethlyene debris have been studied extensively, little is known about the cellular responses to hydroxyapatite, despite the wide clinical use of these materials. Therefore, the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) and hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalciumphosphate (HA/TCP) on cellular proliferation, cytokine gene expression and protein secretion, protease synthesis, and gelatinolytic activity were investigated in human fibroblasts.
HA and HA/TCP particles were synthesized, and their effects were compared to the responses elicited by titanium and cobalt chromium. Sample characterization by scanning electron microscopy and Coulter Counter demonstrated that the materials had a mean particle size of less than 10 μm, and all of the particles were compared using the same concentration ranges.
Aliquots of particle suspensions were added to human fibroblasts maintained in tissue culture, and dose‐response and time‐course experiments were performed. Effects of the particles on fibroblast proliferation were assessed, and alterations in cytokine levels were determined by specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Cytokines that were evaluated included inter‐leukin‐1 (IL‐β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), all of which have been demonstrated to enhance bone resorption and are associated with osteolysis and implant loosening. Gene expression was determined using Northern blot analysis with cytokine‐specific probes, while secretion of the proteases collagenase and stromelysin was determined by Western blot analysis. Functional gelatinolytic assay was assessed using zymogram gels.
The particles were evaluated in a concentration range from 0.000021 to 0.021 vol%. All of the particles produced increases in cellular proliferation up to 0.0021 vol%, with the largest increases being seen at 0.021 vol% with HA/TCP and titanium. At the highest concentration, both cobalt chromium and HA samples decreased cellular proliferation relative to lower doses, possibly representing cytotoxicity.
Hydroxyapatite particles yielded a 30‐fold increase in interleukin‐6 secretion compared to unstimulated controls, which was also greater than three times the levels produced by cobalt chromium, titanium, or HA/TCP. HA particles also tripled the secretion of IL‐1β at 0.00021 vol%, and doubled TNF‐α secretion at 0.021 vol%. Addition of conditioned media prepared by incubation of the particles in culture medium in the absence of cells did not alter the secretion of any of the cytokines. Northern blot analysis using IL‐6 probes also demonstrated strong increases with HA compared to the other materials, suggesting that the action of the HA particles was at the level of transcription. Secretion of the protease collagenase was increased by all of the samples including HA when compared to unstimulated controls. Stromelysin secretion into the culture medium was decreased by cobalt chromium, but increased by titanium, HA, and HA/TCP. All of the particles including HA increased the gelatinolytic activity of the fibroblasts.
These findings demonstrate that HA and HA/TCP particles are capable of stimulating the expression and secretion of cytokines and proteases that enhance bone resorption, and suggest that particulate debris from implants using these coatings may also increase osteolysis and loosening.
Comments
Journal of Orthopaedic Research, Vol. 19, No. 4 (January 1, 2006): 621-628. DOI.
Jeffrey M. Toth was affiliated with the Medical College of Wisconsin at the time of publication.
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1986 Champion Spark Plug 400
The 1986 Champion Spark Plug 400 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series racing event that was held on August 17, 1986, at Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan.
Michigan International Speedway has been a Ford dominated track starting in 1984, and a Mercury track before that from 1969-78. It was also a track that suited a smooth driver or a driver that could change his driving tactics for Michigan International Speedway.
Background
Michigan International Speedway is a four-turn superspeedway that is 2 mi long. Opened in 1968, the track's turns are banked at eighteen degrees, while the 3,600-foot-long front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at twelve degrees. The back stretch, has a five degree banking and is 2,242 feet long.
Groundbreaking took place on September 28, 1967. Over 2.5 e6cuyd of dirt were moved to form the D-shaped oval. The track opened in 1968 with a total capacity of 25,000 seats. The track was originally built and owned by Lawrence H. LoPatin, a Detroit-area land developer who built the speedway at an estimated cost of $4–6 million. Financing was arranged by Thomas W Itin. Its first race took place on Sunday, October 13, 1968, with the running of the USAC 250 mile Championship Car Race won by Ronnie Bucknum.
In 1972, Roger Penske purchased the speedway for an estimated $2 million. During Penske's ownership, the track was upgraded several times from the original capacity to 125,000 seating capacity.
Race report
There were 41 drivers on the starting grid for this event. Gary Fedewa (uncle of later Busch Series driver Tim Fedewa), Dick Trickle, USAC veteran Cliff Hucul of Canada, Ronnie Thomas, Joe Booher, and Howard Mark failed to qualify for this race. In this 200-lap event, Buddy Baker deserved his last-place finish due to a problem with the rear end of his vehicle on lap 27. Various problems including engine troubles and crashes caused several drivers not to finish the race. All of the drivers in this racing event were born in the United States of America, and prior to the green flag the total number of Winston Cup wins among all 41 drivers equaled 672, and a total of 20 Winston Cups.
Sixty-four thousand people witnessed a race lasting for almost three hours. Bill Elliott managed to defeat Tim Richmond by almost one and a half seconds. Tim Richmond continued his hot streak across the summer stretch, leading five laps and finishing in second place. Richmond charged from the tail-end of the lead pack to second on the final restart after being penalized by NASCAR for pitting too early under caution. After getting his lap back, Richmond charged through the field to take second.
Benny Parsons earned the pole position for this racing event by driving up to 171.924 mph during qualifying. While the opening laps in the race saw four different drivers duel each other for the lead, only Bill Elliott and Darrell Waltrip would be able to fight for the first-place position on the closing laps. Darrell Waltrip ran a clean race, staying inside the top-5 for most of the afternoon and leading 3 laps. He was rewarded with a third-place finish. Michael Waltrip would become the lowest-finishing driver to finish the race; even though he only logged in 122 laps of actual racing. Greg Sacks was involved in an accident on lap 63 while Morgan Shepherd had a similar collision on lap 83. There was a two-car crash on lap 173 involving Kyle Petty and Jim Hull. The last accident of the race occurred on lap 187 involving Benny Parsons.
Geoff Bodine led 21 laps en route to a fourth-place finish. Bodine easily had the best car before the competition caution NASCAR scheduled to check tire wear. After the competition caution, Bodine was unable to find the top spot for the rest of the afternoon. Dale Earnhardt finished a lap down in fifth place. Earnhardt was the only driver able to keep up with Bill Elliott, leading 34 laps throughout the day. After getting caught a lap down during a round of green-flag pitstops, Earnhardt settled for a top-5. Rusty Wallace managed to lead a lap and came home in sixth, one lap down. Wallace was driving on the edge for most of the race, nearly spinning out at one point while battling with Morgan Shepherd for position.
Bill Elliott looked like his 1985 self, leading 125 of 200 laps and claiming his second victory of the season. The win was his fourth consecutive victory at Michigan and his fifth victory in six races at the speedway. Between 1984 and 1987, Elliott won all but two races at Michigan. The most dominant drivers in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series during the 1980s were Bill Elliott, Darrell Waltrip, Terry Labonte, Bobby Allison, and Dale Earnhardt.
Cale Yarborough recovered from a terrible qualifying effort to finish seventh, one lap down. Yarborough drafted with Bobby Allison into the top-10 by lap 20 and was challenging the leaders at one point before falling a lap down. Harry Gant finished a lap down in eighth, ending what had been a brutal four-race stretch in which he suffered engine failure at Daytona, crashed hard at Pocono and Talladega, and blown his motor at Watkins Glen. Phil Parsons nabbed his third top-ten finish of the season with a ninth-place run, though he was a lap down. Like many others, Parsons was caught out by a caution during green-flag pitstops, which is why so many drivers in the top-10 were a lap down at the finish.
The total prize purse for the contenders in this event was $345,585 ($0 in today's American dollars). Winnings for each individual driver varied from $55,950 ($0 in today's American dollars) to a meager $1,185 ($0 in today's American dollars).
Introductions and retirements
Benny Parsons would make his final pole position start here while David Pearson and Jim Hull would make their respective exits from the NASCAR Cup Series after this event was over. In the final start of his legendary career, David Pearson showed that he could still be competitive, running as high as third and finishing in tenth place, one lap off the pace.
Pearson would go on to become "racing royalty" at Michigan International Speedway due to his incredible performances on that race track alone. While starting an average of 8th place on all NASCAR races that took place on Michigan International Speedway, Pearson's average finish of 12th place would be accompanied by nine other MIS racing victories and twenty finishes in the "top ten. " | WIKI |
Ibae
Etymology
Borrowed from the sight pronunciation of, from a misspelling of , from , the older orthographic spelling of.
Usage notes
The form is the traditional and official name of. The form is the most common local name, borrowed from English. This distinction is historical; most Marshallese residents of Ebeye today are not indigenous to this particular island, but are descended from refugees who were resettled by the United States government because of the atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll. The islanders were introduced to the island through its English name rather than through the Marshallese name it already had. Since the English name was already derived obliquely from through a sight pronunciation of a misspelling of its German form, this made a twice-borrowed term in Marshallese. | WIKI |
The creative director’s new perfumes evoke touchstones from his own life, from Parisian nightclubs to California beaches.
An Illustrated Guide to Hedi Slimane’s Celine Fragrances
Hedi Slimane has been the creative director at Celine for just three seasons, but he has been gathering material for his first collection of fragrances for the Parisian house for far longer. The nine unisex scents he released last month (with two more to follow in 2020) draw on the designer’s olfactory journal, a record of scent memories that extends from his childhood in Paris to the decade he lived in Los Angeles before returning to France last year. “I created Celine Haute Parfumerie with the intention to wear every single fragrance of the collection,” he says. “It is all quite personal.” Among the six fragrances designed for the daytime is Saint-Germain-des-Prés, a blend of neroli, petitgrain and white orris butter that harks back to the designer’s 20s, spent skipping between cafes, cinemas and the Jardin du Luxembourg. The three night perfumes, meanwhile, include Reptile, a musky mix of cedar, pepper and leather designed to conjure “the lustrous glimmer of jet-black sequins.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Template:Did you know nominations/La Région Centrale
The result was: promoted by Cwmhiraeth (talk) 06:34, 1 April 2019 (UTC)
La Région Centrale
* ... that La Région Centrale was filmed by a robot?
* Reviewed: Bonin white-eye
5x expanded by Hinnk (talk). Self-nominated at 21:23, 3 March 2019 (UTC).
* Symbol question.svg The nomination was done several days late, but since we have a short backlog, I'll let this slide. The expansion was from 368 bytes to 3343 bytes of prose size, which is more than 5X expansion. The article is long enough, neutral and appropriately sourced. The Earwig tool detected no copyright violations. The hook is short and broadly interesting, cited to an offline source in the article, but I was able to verify it with the Art Canada Institute source provided. Will be ready once the QPQ is done. feminist (talk) 11:28, 17 March 2019 (UTC)
* Just reviewed Bonin white-eye. hinnk (talk) 21:40, 30 March 2019 (UTC)
* Symbol confirmed.svg OK. Review done. feminist (talk) 02:00, 1 April 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:The geography of Strabo (1854) Volume 2.djvu/43
B. viii. c. iv. 61- MESSENIA. 35 CHAPTER IV. 1. MESSENIA is continuous with the Eleian territory, inclin- ing for the most part towards the south, and the Libyan Sea. Being part of Laconia, it was subject in the Trojan times to Merielaus. The name of the country was Messene. But the present city called Messene, the acropolis of which was Ithome, was not then founded. After the death of Menelaus, when the power of those who succeeded to the possession of Laco- nia was altogether weakened, the Neleidae governed Messenia. At the time of the return of the Heracleidae, and according to the partition of the country at that time, Melanthus was king of the Messenians, who were a separate community, but formerly subject to Menelaus. As a proof of this, in the space from the Messenian Gulf and the continuous gulf, (called the Asinaean from the Messenian Asine,) were situated the seven cities which Agamemnon promised to Achilles ; " Cardamyle, Enope, the grassy Hira, the divine Pherae, 1 Antheia with rich meadows, the beautiful ^Epeia, and Pedasus abounding with vines." 2 He certainly would not have promised what did not belong either to himself or to his brother. The poet mentions those, who accompanied Menelaus from Pherae to the war, 3 and speaks of (CEtylus) in the Laconian catalogue, a city situated on the Gulf of Messenia. Messene follows next to Triphylia. The promontory, after which are the Coryphasium and Cyparissia, is common to both. At the distance of 7 stadia is a mountain, the -ZEga- leum, situated above Coryphasium and the sea. 2. The ancient Messenian Pylus was a city lying below the .ZEgaleum, and after it was razed, some of the inha- bitants settled under the Coryphasium. But the Athenians in their second expedition against Sicily, under the command of Eurymedon and Stratocles, got possession of it, and used it as a stronghold against the Lacedaemonians. 4 Here also is the Messenian Cyparissia, (and the island Prote,) lying close 1 The text of Homer gives the name of Pharis. 2 II. ix. 150. 3 II. ii. 582. 4 Thucydides, b. iv. ch. 2. The expedition was under the command of Eurymedon and Sophocles. Stratocles being at the time archon at Athens. D 2 | WIKI |
Democratic League
Democratic League is a name used by political parties, alliances and organizations in several countries, such as:
* China Democratic League
* Christian Democratic League of Women
* Community Democratic League
* Democratic League (Catalonia)
* Democratic League/Movement for the Labour Party
* Democratic League in Montenegro
* Democratic League of Bosniaks
* Democratic League of Dardania
* Democratic League of Kosovo
* Ethiopian Democratic League
* Ethiopian Somali Democratic League
* Florida Democratic League
* Free-thinking Democratic League
* Finnish People's Democratic League
* Islamic Democratic League
* Kayah Democratic League
* National Democratic League
* Serb Democratic League
* Social Democratic League
* Social Democratic League of America | WIKI |
Universities have been around under many names for over a Millennium. What they all have in common is a desire to train primarily young adults for scholar and professional service. In this post, we will look at three early medieval universities along with the influence of the Catholic Church in higher education at that time.
The school that became the University of Bologna was initially a law school. There was a need for experts in Roman Law, particularly the Justinian code, due to the influence of the Catholic Church. The school was officially recognized in 1158 by Frederick I.
By the 13th century, there were over 10,000 students. This led to a need for better organization among the students. This was done through the development of organizations that represented students by country of origin. The country representation then joined one of two campus-wide groups. The two main organizations in Bologna were the universitas citranontanorum and universitas ultramontanorum.
With organization began a push for social justice. There was often tension between students and teachers as well as students and the local community. As college kids of today, sometimes the university kids could cause the local community behavioral problems. There were scuffles between students and the local community that were called town and gown riots. “Town” refers to the non-academic and “gown” to students. In other parts of Europe, the fighting could be deadly.
At Bologna, the students pushed for and won the right to be judged by the university for their misdeeds. At this time, there were no official university buildings. This led to classes being held all over the city in random places. If there were any disagreements with the locals the students and or even the teachers would threaten to leave.
Salernum was another early university. Some have suggested that it was started in the 9th century. Salernum focused on medicine and was supported by Constantine of Carthage. Constantine was a scholar who studied music, math, medicine, and even necromancy.
Salernum was also associated with the crusades. The famous Robert de Guiscard, the father of the crusader Bohemond, supported this institution. Wounded crusaders would visit the school as they returned from battle in the Middle East. As the school grew, eventually students who wanted to practice medicine had to pass a government exam and serve under an experienced doctor for at least one year.
The school that became the University of Naples was organized in the 13th century as a law school. Naples was originally just several independent schools and teachers who were group together to make one academic community. The word “university” means one community.
By creating a single corporate body it was possible for the government to give privileges to the university such as conferring degrees. This prevented just anyone from starting a university and conferring degrees. Even the title of professor was controlled. A professor was a magister or doctor/teacher while a medicus was a practitioner
Role of the Church
The church was always looking for ways to extend its influence. When teachers, students, and the local community were fighting, the Pope was often serving as an intermediary. This naturally increased the influence and prestige of the papacy.
The church was also eager to recognize universities officially. This was similar to accreditation today and allowed students and teachers to work or study all over Europe at other schools. As such, both sides benefited from this transaction. However, the goal was not so much to asses the quality of the school as it was to gain influence over universities. As such, papal approval did not necessarily mean an excellent school but a school that the church had influence over.
These three universities played a critical role in the development of higher education in Europe, in particular, the continental side. Each school was reacting to the needs of the local community whether that was teaching law medicine or some other subject. The church was aware of the growth of this model of education and was sure to have influence in its development. | FINEWEB-EDU |
electrical injury
Synonyms:
• electric shock
German: Stromunfall
Japanese: 電撃傷
Medicine. Injuries caused by electric currents. Electrical injuries can generally be classified according to the power source (electrical or lightning), voltage (low voltage up to 1,000 V alternating current and up to 1,500 V direct current or high voltage), and type of current (alternating current or direct current), each of which is associated with certain injury patterns.
The type and extent of an electrical injury is determined by voltage, current strength, resistance to flow, duration of contact with the source, pathway of flow, and type of current (alternating current or direct current). Electrical injuries can cause multiorgan dysfunction and a variety of burns and traumatic injuries, for example, burns at the contact points, cardiac arrhythmia (e.g., asystole or ventricular fibrillation), muscle paralysis, seizure, and long-term complications.
Search for publications that include this term | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Open Access
April, 1986 Two-Sided Markov Chains
Bruce W. Atkinson
Ann. Probab. 14(2): 459-479 (April, 1986). DOI: 10.1214/aop/1176992526
Abstract
Let $S$ be a countable set, and $a, b$ two distinct elements not in $S$. Let $\Omega$ be the set of functions $\omega: Z$ (integers) $\rightarrow S \cup \{a, b\}$ so that (i) $\omega (n) \in S$ for some $n$, (ii) $\omega (n) = a \Rightarrow \omega(m) = a$ for $m < n$, and (iii) $\omega(n) = b \Rightarrow \omega(m) = b$ for $m > n$. On $\Omega$, let $x(n)$ be the $n$th coordinate, $\theta_n$ the shift operator, and $\alpha = \inf\{n: x(n) \in S\}$. A measure $P$ on $\Omega$ is Markov if $\forall i \in S, n \in Z, P(x(n) = i) < \infty$, and $P(x(n + 1) = i\mid \sigma(x(k): k \leq n)) = P(x(n + 1) = i|x(n))$ on $\{x(n) \in S\}$. A Markov measure $P$ is called a two-sided Markov chain if there are substochastic matrices on $S, p$ and $q$, so that $\forall i, j \in S, n \in Z, P(x(n) = i, x(n + 1) = j) = P(x(n) = i)p(i, j) = P(x(n + 1) = j)q(j, i)$. It is shown that if $p$ is a certain kind of irreducible matrix then there exists an integer $d \geq 1$ and a real $\rho > 0$ so that $P \circ \theta^{-1}_{nd} = \rho^nP \forall n \in Z$. Of particular interest is the generalization of the case $d = 1$. A two-sided Markov chain is called quasistationary if there exists $\rho > 0$ with $P \circ \theta^{-1}_n = \rho^n P$. It is shown that if $\pi$ is a measure on $S$ and $\rho > 0$, and $p$ is a substochastic matrix on $S$, with $\pi p \leq \rho \pi$, then there exists a quasistationary chain with $p$ as forward transition, $P(x(0) = i) = \pi(i),$ and $P \circ \theta^{-1}_n = \rho^n P. P$ is used to prove the Riesz decomposition theorem for $\pi$. Finally, it is shown under certain verifiable assumptions, that a quasistationary chain, restricted to $\{\alpha \leq 0\}$, is an extended chain, with transition $p$, which is a certain kind of approximate $p$-chain in the sense of Hunt.
Citation
Download Citation
Bruce W. Atkinson. "Two-Sided Markov Chains." Ann. Probab. 14 (2) 459 - 479, April, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1214/aop/1176992526
Information
Published: April, 1986
First available in Project Euclid: 19 April 2007
zbMATH: 0594.60070
MathSciNet: MR832019
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1214/aop/1176992526
Subjects:
Primary: 60J10
Secondary: 60J45
Keywords: extended chain , quasistationary chain , two-sided Markov chain
Rights: Copyright © 1986 Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Vol.14 • No. 2 • April, 1986
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Paraná Campaign
The Paraná Campaign was the continuation of the São Paulo Revolt of 1924 in western Paraná from 1924 to 1925, concluding with the formation of the Miguel Costa-Prestes Column. Rebel tenentists, led by Isidoro Dias Lopes, withdrew from São Paulo, went down the Paraná River and settled in the region from Guaíra to Foz do Iguaçu, from where they faced the forces of the Brazilian government, commanded by general Cândido Rondon from October 1924. In April 1925, another rebel column, led by Luís Carlos Prestes, arrived from Rio Grande do Sul and joined the São Paulo rebels. They entered Paraguay to escape the government siege and returned to Brazil through southern Mato Grosso, continuing their armed struggle.
The conflict had a strong impact on the physical and social structures of the region and brought attention to the outside world to the Brazilian national consciousness. Several of the participating revolutionaries later occupied positions of power in the Estado Novo, which, seeking to integrate the region into the country, promoted the March to the West.
Arrival in Paraná
Long before the arrival of the rebels, on 15 July, captain Dilermando de Assis was sent with a 60-man Provisional Regiment to defend Guaíra, which he called an "impregnable Constantinople". On 31 August, the revolutionaries' vanguard, commanded by general João Francisco Pereira de Souza, took the first position in Paraná's territory, Porto São José. Guaíra had good defensive positions, but was abandoned with little resistance on 14 September, opening the way to Foz do Iguaçu, which was taken by the rebels on the 24th. Their expansion was rapid, and the cavalry moved east to Catanduvas. Emissaries of the Rio Grande do Sul conspirators, where another revolt was imminent, met with the São Paulo rebels.
The bulk of the revolutionary army was slow to arrive, due to the small number of vessels and the need to do reconnaissance. On 23 September, the São Paulo rebels were still on the islands between São Paulo and Mato Grosso. They were attacked by loyalists from the 4th Military Circumscription of Mato Grosso, and an entire battalion surrendered. Only on 14 October did general Isidoro Dias Lopes land in Guaíra. By the end of October, the rebels were all in a triangle formed by the Paraná, Piquiri and Iguaçu rivers, an area larger than Switzerland, with two sides secured by international borders (with Argentina and Paraguay) and the rest covered through the Serra do Medeiros and other geographic features.
Accustomed to cities, towns and plantations, the São Paulo rebels found a new type of warfare in western Paraná. The territory was covered with dense forest and had a low population density. The dense pine forests and the thorny vegetation imposed harsh conditions on the soldiers. The local population was more Argentine and Paraguayan than Brazilian, the most common language was Spanish and the currency was the Argentine peso. Economic activity was dominated by "obrages", large rural areas for the extraction of wood and yerba mate, with labor subject to debt slavery.
The government reacted, assembling an army that reached more than 12,000 men, under the command of general Rondon. Under his orders were units of the Brazilian Army, state forces and patriotic battalions. Rondon preferred the Military Force of Paraná and other state militaries over army officers, as they were sympathetic to the rebels. The rebels had about 3,000 men. On 28 October, new revolts broke out in Rio Grande do Sul.
Trench warfare
The rebels tried to advance eastwards, as far as Guarapuava and Ponta Grossa, to establish a rail link with Rio Grande do Sul. In November, they met the loyalists at the top of Serra do Medeiros, where they were repelled, retreating to Belarmino and Formigas, which they would lose until the end of the year, retreating to the surroundings of Catanduvas, where they remained on the defensive. Both the São Paulo officers and general Rondon thought in terms of static warfare, with large units and massive frontal attacks. This assured a loyalist victory, as they received reinforcements and supplies, while the rebels had no regular supplies.
The battle for Catanduvas resulted in a war of improvised trenches, dug very close to enemy positions. Both sides faced harsh conditions, especially the rebels, as they were short on ammunition and food. The environment was very prone to the proliferation of diseases, which killed more than combat wounds. General Rondon avoided infantry attacks, opting to wear down the rebels with artillery, howitzers and mortars. Morale was slowly eroded, and both sides had large numbers of deserters, especially the rebels.
Much of the rebel force was in reserve rather than in Catanduvas. In January they planned to attack Catanduvas and send the Death Column against the enemy rear in Formigas; the first part of the plan did not occur, as the loyalists launched their own rearguard attack. The invasion of Formigas, through an open trail in the forest, took the loyalist camp by surprise, culminating in a hand-to-hand combat. The attackers had to retreat after reinforcements arrived, but the battle delayed loyalist plans.
Link of the Rio Grande do Sul and the São Paulo rebels
In February there were unsuccessful peace talks in Posadas, Argentina. On 27 March, the final offensive against Catanduvas began, with 4,000 attackers against 500 defenders. From 07:00 to 13:00, the artillery fired 1,200 shells into the trenches, followed by a frontal and general attack. On 30 March, 404 defenders surrendered, while a minority still managed to escape. The survivors were sick, barefoot and gaunt, their clothes in tatters. General Rondon promised humane treatment to the prisoners, but as soon as they left his jurisdiction, they were treated with brutality, and banished to the penal colony of Clevelândia, in Amapá, from where few would return alive.
The other rebels retreated towards the Paraná River. On the way, remnants of the October Rio Grande do Sul revolt, led by Luís Carlos Prestes, finally reached the São Paulo rebels in the locality of Benjamim, on 3 April. With the two columns united, the plan was to proceed to Mato Grosso, but the rebels had made the mistake of abandoning Guaíra, which was occupied by Mato Grosso loyalists on 9 April. They tried to retake the city but were repulsed. An attempt to break through to the east failed.
The rebels were now trapped at the "bottom of a bottle", with no apparent way out. Command remained with Isidoro, with the São Paulo rebels, around 1,400 men, commanded by Miguel Costa, and the Rio Grande do Sul column, half that number, under Prestes. On 12 April, with the revolutionary command meeting in Foz do Iguaçu, Prestes suggested crossing the international border and crossing Paraguay to return to Mato Grosso, where they would fight a guerrilla war. The idea was accepted. Isidoro went into exile, from where he would seek weapons and political support, while command of the "1st Revolutionary Division" remained with Miguel Costa. The combatants from São Paulo came under the command of Juarez Távora. On 27 April the rebels began a three-day crossing to Paraguay, finishing the war in Paraná. | WIKI |
Software
Unblock Attachments in Outlook
If you’re using Office 2002 or Office 2003 and you use Outlook as your e-mail client, you may have run into a snag. Outlook classifies many file types as security risks and blocks them. There’s no option you can click or a menu you can check. You can’t download the file.
There are three easy fixes. First, simply use your ISP’s web mail feature to download the file—if it’s still available on your server. Second, the sender can rename the file using an extension that Outlook allows, such as .txt. Then, download it and save it to your hard disk. Don’t try to open it right away. Rename the file using its proper file extension, and then open it. Third, have the sender compress the file using something like PKZip—Outlook likes .zip files, for now. Of course, both you and the sender need the compression software for this to work.
Most of us need Outlook to be a tad more flexible. If you need to receive file types that Outlook blocks, and nothing I mentioned above works for you, change the Registry. Doing so can be risky, so make a backup of your Registry file on removable storage before you change anything. Personally, I’ve never fouled anything up changing the Registry. Just don’t change anything that you’re not 100% sure about and you should be fine.
Now, to unblock specific file types, do the following:
1. Check Run from the Windows Start menu and type Regedit, and then click OK.
2. Locate the following key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\10.0\Outlook\Security (If you’re using Office 2003, the version key is 11.0).
3. Create a new string value named Level1Remove. You must use that key name.
4. Open the string value (double-click it) and enter the appropriate file extension you want to unblock. For instance, if you want Outlook to accept Access database files, you’d enter .mdb. If you want to unblock more than one file type, separate each with a semi-colon, as follows: .mdb; .xls.
5. Close the Registry.
6. If Outlook is open, close it and relaunch.
Some experts advise you not to leave files permanently unblocked. They recommend that you use this workaround as needed. Once you have the file, you should remove the Level1Remove string value from the Registry. I don’t totally agree. If you're downloading files on a regular basis, constantly modifying the Registry is a nuissance and everytime you change the Registry, you risk making a mistake. In addition, you certainly don't want users messing around in the Registry. Use virus protection software, keep it updated, and don’t open files from anyone you don’t know. However, if you don't need to leave the gate open, don't.
The list of file types that Outlook blocks is extensive. For a complete list search on Attachment File Types Blocked by Outlook in Outlook’s Help.
About Susan Harkins
Susan Sales Harkins is an IT consultant, specializing in desktop solutions. Previously, she was editor in chief for The Cobb Group, the world's largest publisher of technical journals.
Editor's Picks | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Optics.djvu/40
The first term of which differs but little from that found before, as $$AT$$ or $$\frac{\operatorname{ver~sin}\theta}{\cos\theta}$$ differs but little from $$\operatorname{ver~sin}\theta$$ when $$\cos\theta$$ is so nearly equal to $$1.$$
When the incident rays are parallel, the aberration is $$\frac{f}{\cos\theta}-f$$ or $1⁄2$$$AT$$ accurately.
If $$\theta=30^\circ$$, $$\alpha=\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-1\right)f;$$ for $$\theta=45,$$ $$\alpha=(\sqrt{2}-1)f;$$ for $$\theta=60,$$ $$\alpha=f;$$ so that the point $$v$$ coincides with $$A.$$
CHAP. IV.
REFLEXION AT CURVED SURFACES NOT SPHERICAL.
17.t will be recollected that the common parabola has the peculiar property that two lines drawn from any point on the curve, one to the focus, the other parallel to the axis, make equal angles with the tangent or normal; whence it follows that rays proceeding from the focus of a paraboloid will be reflected accurately parallel to its axis, and vice versâ rays coming parallel to the axis will be made to converge accurately to the focus or from it according as it is the concave or convex surface that reflects.
18.In like manner rays proceeding from one focus of an ellipsoid will be reflected accurately to the other focus, or if the outward be the reflecting surface, rays converging towards one focus, will diverge after reflection as if they proceeded from the other.
19.The analogous property of the hyperbola leads one to the conclusion that the surface generated by the revolution of that figure about its major axis, is such that rays meeting in one focus, will after reflexion diverge from or converge to the other. | WIKI |
148
I have a function in a controller that I am unit testing that expects values in the header of the http request. I can't initialize the HttpContext because it is readonly.
My controller function expects a http request header value for "device-id"
[TestMethod]
public void TestValuesController()
{
ValuesController controller = new ValuesController();
//not valid controller.HttpContext is readonly
//controller.HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();
var result = controller.Get();
Assert.AreEqual(result.Count(), 2);
}
Is there a straight-forward way to do this without using a third party library?
4
• 2
Don't use HttpContext? The whole point of using controllers is that the data comes through the controller's parameters. If your controller uses the HttpContext to read data as if it was a WebForms page, you have a problem. Commented Dec 30, 2016 at 17:20
• 1
@PanagiotisKanavos The value in the header is a piece of information indicating which mobile device the call comes from. This is necassary to retrieve the correct data. The device ID is in the header because the ID is needed for authentication, which is handled by a custom action filter. I could could pass the device ID as a route parameter but it would be redundant Commented Dec 30, 2016 at 17:24
• Check FromHeaderAttribute but also check the duplicate. HttpContext is injectable through configuration now Commented Dec 30, 2016 at 17:26
• 1
I suggest you edit your question to specify exactly what you want (access to header fields to identify mobile devices). The ASP.NET documentation seems to be going through a .... "transition" period to put it kindly, with documentation pages missing. Check this almost identical question that asks how to route mobile devices Commented Dec 30, 2016 at 17:29
3 Answers 3
317
I was able to initialize the httpcontext and header in this way:
[TestMethod]
public void TestValuesController()
{
ValuesController controller = new ValuesController();
controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext();
controller.ControllerContext.HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();
controller.ControllerContext.HttpContext.Request.Headers["device-id"] = "20317";
var result = controller.Get();
//the controller correctly receives the http header key value pair device-id:20317
...
}
1
• 1
Simple perfect solution.
– Jaime Bula
Commented Nov 15, 2022 at 16:42
22
Rather than mocking out the HTTPContext, it is probably a better idea to map the header into a parameter on the method. For example, in the controller at the bottom of this answer, the id parameter is set to the value header with a name equal to "device-id"... The unit test then becomes
[TestMethod]
public void TestValuesController()
{
ValuesController controller = new ValuesController();
var result = controller.GetHeaderValue("27");
Assert.AreEqual(result, "27");
}
While you can mock the HttpContext, in my opinion it is something that should be avoided unless you have no choice. The documentation for the FromHeaderAttribute can be found here FromHeaderAttribute Class.
public class ValuesController: Controller
{
public string GetHeaderValue([FromHeader(Name = "device-id")] string id)
{
return id;
}
}
1
• 1
In my case, IIRC, it was a requirement to include it in http header because the same value needed to be evaluated in a .net core middleware component Commented Aug 1, 2017 at 0:20
10
For people in need of a header but also additional data in their HttpContext, you can do so by initializing the context with features thanks to the second constructor of the DefaultHttpContext class:
1. Create a header dictionary with the headers you need:
var headers = new Dictionary<string, StringValues>
{
{ "myHeaderKey", "myHeaderValue" },
};
var headerDictionary = new HeaderDictionary(headers)
2. Create an HttpRequestFeature with the previously created header dictionary:
var requestFeature = new HttpRequestFeature()
{
Headers = headerDictionary,
};
3. Create a Feature collection containing the feature previously created :
var features = new FeatureCollection();
features.Set<IHttpRequestFeature>(requestFeature);
4. Initialize the DefaultHttpContext with the feature collection, and set it as the HttpContext of your controller:
var httpContext = new DefaultHttpContext(features);
var controller = new MyController();
controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext();
controller.ControllerContext.HttpContext = httpContext;
The controller's context will have the correct headers set, and you can still feed the context with more data as needed by setting additional HttpContext attributes to the featureCollection before instantiating the DefaultHttpContext (like feature.Set<IQueryFeature>(new QueryFeature(...)) for the query string for instance).
PS: For a more in-depth explanation on using features to mock (and unit testing in general) an HttpContext, see: https://weblogs.asp.net/ricardoperes/unit-testing-the-httpcontext-in-controllers
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Chapter 4. Examples
This chapter demonstrates the use of AMQ Python through example programs.
See the Qpid Proton Python examples for more sample programs.
4.1. Sending messages
This client program connects to a server using <connection-url>, creates a sender for target <address>, sends a message containing <message-body>, closes the connection, and exits.
Example: Sending messages
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
from proton import Message
from proton.handlers import MessagingHandler
from proton.reactor import Container
class SendHandler(MessagingHandler):
def __init__(self, conn_url, address, message_body):
super(SendHandler, self).__init__()
self.conn_url = conn_url
self.address = address
self.message_body = message_body
def on_start(self, event):
conn = event.container.connect(self.conn_url)
event.container.create_sender(conn, self.address)
def on_link_opened(self, event):
print("SEND: Opened sender for target address '{0}'".format
(event.sender.target.address))
def on_sendable(self, event):
message = Message(self.message_body)
event.sender.send(message)
print("SEND: Sent message '{0}'".format(message.body))
event.sender.close()
event.connection.close()
def main():
try:
conn_url, address, message_body = sys.argv[1:4]
except ValueError:
sys.exit("Usage: send.py <connection-url> <address> <message-body>")
handler = SendHandler(conn_url, address, message_body)
container = Container(handler)
container.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
Running the example
To run the example program, copy it to a local file and invoke it using the python command.
$ python send.py amqp://localhost queue1 hello
4.2. Receiving messages
This client program connects to a server using <connection-url>, creates a receiver for source <address>, and receives messages until it is terminated or it reaches <count> messages.
Example: Receiving messages
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
from proton.handlers import MessagingHandler
from proton.reactor import Container
class ReceiveHandler(MessagingHandler):
def __init__(self, conn_url, address, desired):
super(ReceiveHandler, self).__init__()
self.conn_url = conn_url
self.address = address
self.desired = desired
self.received = 0
def on_start(self, event):
conn = event.container.connect(self.conn_url)
event.container.create_receiver(conn, self.address)
def on_link_opened(self, event):
print("RECEIVE: Created receiver for source address '{0}'".format
(self.address))
def on_message(self, event):
message = event.message
print("RECEIVE: Received message '{0}'".format(message.body))
self.received += 1
if self.received == self.desired:
event.receiver.close()
event.connection.close()
def main():
try:
conn_url, address = sys.argv[1:3]
except ValueError:
sys.exit("Usage: receive.py <connection-url> <address> [<message-count>]")
try:
desired = int(sys.argv[3])
except (IndexError, ValueError):
desired = 0
handler = ReceiveHandler(conn_url, address, desired)
container = Container(handler)
container.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
Running the example
To run the example program, copy it to a local file and invoke it using the python command.
$ python receive.py amqp://localhost queue1 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Journalpaper
Momentum flux measurements in the airflow over wind-generated surface waves
Abstract
The air–sea momentum exchanges in the presence of surface waves play an integral role in coupling the atmosphere and the ocean. In the current study, we present a detailed laboratory investigation of the momentum fluxes over wind-generated waves. Experiments were performed in the large wind-wave facility at the Air–Sea Interaction Laboratory of the University of Delaware. Airflow velocity measurements were acquired above wind waves using a combination of particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence techniques. The momentum budget is examined using a wave-following orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. In the wave boundary layer, the phase-averaged turbulent stress is intense (weak) and positive downwind (upwind) of the crests. The wave-induced stress is also positive on the windward and leeward sides of wave crests but with asymmetric intensities. These regions of positive wave stress are intertwined with regions of negative wave stress just above wave crests and downwind of wave troughs. Likewise, at the interface, the viscous stress exhibits along-wave phase-locked variations with maxima upwind of the wave crests. As a general trend, the mean profiles of the wave-induced stress decrease to a negative minimum from a near-zero value far from the surface and then increase rapidly to a positive value near the interface where the turbulent stress is reduced. Far away from the surface, however, the turbulent stress is nearly equal to the total stress. Very close to the surface, in the viscous sublayer, the wave and turbulent stresses vanish, and therefore the stress is supported by the viscosity.
QR Code: Link to publication | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Title
Effect of welding on the width of the heat-affected zone of aluminum alloys.
Date of Award
2004
Degree Type
Dissertation
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Department
Civil and Environmental Engineering
Keywords
Engineering, Civil.
Rights
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
Abstract
Present aluminum design standards and specifications in North America require that the zone affected by welding be taken to extend a distance of 25 mm each side from the centre of the weld and that the yield strength of the metal in the zone affected by the weld be taken as the welded yield strength. The objective of this investigation is to determine the effect of welding on the width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of aluminum alloys. This was required for the development of an equation to determine the width of the HAZ for different parameters. One hundred and thirty-nine weldment specimens were fabricated using five alloys, seven material thicknesses and different heat inputs. The hardness was measured in the HAZ to determine the width and hardness gradient. The investigation has determined that the width of the HAZ depends on several parameters. The heat input has the most influence on the width of the HAZ. Minimizing the heat input with the use of an automatic process mode is very beneficial. Factors such as thickness, thermal conductivity, heat treatable and non-heat treatable alloys, multi-pass welding and heat-sink compounds also have an effect on the width of the HAZ. The application of a heat-sink compound provides a reduced width of the HAZ. Based on this experimental and theoretical investigation it is concluded that welded connections with properly selected weldable aluminum alloys and material thickness, using an automatic process mode, with a low and uniform heat input and with the use of a properly designed welding procedure, can have the width of the HAZ substantially reduced. Twenty-five cantilevered structures were tested to confirm the adequacy of the specimen testing. FEA using ADINA-T was carried out to develop an empirical-analytical equation for the determination of the width of the HAZ for different aluminum alloys. Current design standards and specifications, which use a constant width of the HAZ and the minimum welded yield strength across the HAZ, should be modified by incorporating the developed equation of this research having variable factors depending on the variable parameters, thus providing a uniform safety margin.Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2004 .A44. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: B, page: 1044. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2004.
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Income tax on gambling
Rules concerning income tax and gambling vary internationally.
United States
In the United States, gambling wins are taxable.
The Internal Revenue Code contains a specific provision regulating income-tax deductions of gambling losses. Under Section 165(d) of the Internal Revenue Code, losses from “wagering transactions” may be deducted to the extent of gains from gambling activities. Essentially, in order to qualify for a deduction of losses from wagering, the taxpayer can only deduct up to the amount of gains accrued from wagering. In Commissioner v. Groetzinger, the Supreme Court Justice Blackmun alludes to Section 165(d) which was a legislative attempt to close the door on suspected abuse of gambling loss deductions.
Wagering Transaction
The Internal Revenue Service has ruled that a “wagering transaction” consists of three elements. First, the transaction must involve a prize. Second, the element of chance must be present. Finally, the taxpayer must give some consideration.
Section 165(d) and Professional Gamblers
In Bathalter v. Commissioner, a full-time horse-race gambler had gains of $91,000 and losses of $87,000. The taxpayer deducted the expenses under Section 162. The service argued that Section 165(d) precluded the taxpayer from engaging in gambling as a "trade or business." The Tax Court held that the taxpayer's gambling was a business activity and allowed the deductions. In essence, the court held that Section 165(d) only applies when a taxpayer is at a loss instead of a net gain and “serves to prevent the [taxpayer] from using that loss to offset other income.” However, if the taxpayer has a net gain, as the horse-race gambler did, then the taxpayer may deduct the expenses under Section 162, and Section 165(d) does not apply.
Section 165(d) and Recreational Gamblers
In addition, in Valenti v. Commissioner, the court reiterated that Section 165(d) applies to professional gamblers as well as recreational gamblers. The court stated, "... it has been held both by this Court and various courts of appeals that wagering losses cannot be deducted, except to the extent of the taxpayer's gains from wagering activities, and it has been so held even where such activities were conducted as a trade or business as opposed to a hobby." Therefore, for example, if a recreational gambler visits a casino one Saturday and accumulates $600 of losses and $200 of gains, that recreational gambler may deduct $200 of the wagering losses (because she can only deduct an amount up to the amount of wagering gains she accrued).
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, wins (unless in the course of a trade) are not taxable and losses are not deductible.
Germany
In Germany, wins are taxable since July 2012 by 5% of the winnings (profit).
Canada
In Canada gambling income is not generally taxable. If the gambling activity can be considered as a hobby, the income is not taxable.
If the gambling is carried out in businesslike behaviour, then the income is taxable and losses deductible. Making approximately $50 million in sports lottery bets and earning a profit of $5 million was not considered businesslike behaviour in Leblanc v. The Queen. However, in the case of Luprypa v. The Queen the gambling income was ruled to be taxable. The case involved a skilled pool player that profited approximately $1000 per week playing staked pool games against bar patrons.
Poker differs from many other forms of gambling as skilled players may increase their chances of winning significantly. In the case Cohen v. The Queen judge ruled that the gambling activities were not conducted in sufficiently businesslike manner and thus the losses were not deductible. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/GO-ESSP
The result was keep. Mccapra has pointed to various sources which seemingly establish notability. Their comment has not been challenged. (non-admin closure) MrClog (talk) 15:01, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
GO-ESSP
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
No notability found. All references are broken and there is no notable trace. AmericanAir88(talk) 20:46, 6 June 2019 (UTC)
* Keep available sources include this, this, this and this. Mccapra (talk) 21:37, 6 June 2019 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Organizations-related deletion discussions. C Thomas3 (talk) 23:49, 6 June 2019 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Environment-related deletion discussions. C Thomas3 (talk) 23:49, 6 June 2019 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Software-related deletion discussions. C Thomas3 (talk) 23:49, 6 June 2019 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 15:13, 13 June 2019 (UTC) Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 02:47, 20 June 2019 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Repoze.bfg 0.6.9 is out, a bugfix release. Their changelog is below:
repoze.bfg 0.6.9 (2009-02-16)
==============================
Bug Fixes
---------
- lru cache was unstable under concurrency (big surprise!) when it
tried to redelete a key in the cache that had already been deleted.
Symptom: line 64 in put:del data[oldkey]:KeyError: '/some/path'.
Now we just ignore the key error if we can't delete the key (it has
already been deleted).
- Empty location names in model paths when generating a URL using
``repoze.bfg.model_url`` based on a model obtained via traversal are
no longer ignored in the generated URL. This means that if a
non-root model object has a ``__name__`` of ``''``, the URL will
reflect it (e.g. ``model_url`` will generate ``http://foo/bar//baz``
if an object with the ``__name__`` of ``''`` is a child of bar and
the parent of baz). URLs generated with empty path segments are,
however, still irresolveable by the model graph traverser on request
ingress (the traverser strips empty path segment names).
Features
--------
- Microspeedups of ``repoze.bfg.traversal.model_path``,
``repoze.bfg.traversal.model_path_tuple``,
``repoze.bfg.traversal.quote_path_segment``, and
``repoze.bfg.url.urlencode``.
- add zip_safe = false to setup.cfg.
Documentation
-------------
- Add a note to the ``repoze.bfg.traversal.quote_path_segment`` API
docs about caching of computed values.
Implementation Changes
----------------------
- Simplification of
``repoze.bfg.traversal.TraversalContextURL.__call__`` (it now uses
``repoze.bfg.traversal.model_path`` instead of rolling its own
path-generation).
_______________________________________________
Repoze-dev mailing list
Repoze-dev@lists.repoze.org
http://lists.repoze.org/listinfo/repoze-dev
Reply via email to | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
1986 CFL season
The 1986 CFL season is considered to be the 33rd season in modern-day Canadian football, although it is officially the 29th Canadian Football League season.
CFL News in 1986
The CFL decided that all nine teams will play 18 games each, in the regular season. The playoff structure was revised to allow a fourth place team from one of the divisions to qualify for the playoffs if that fourth place team has earned more points in the regular season standings than the third place team from the other division. Until 1992, however, that team stayed in its own division for the playoffs (the league began American expansion in 1993, changing the rules along the way). The four qualifiers in one division played semi-finals and a final while the two qualifiers in the other division playing a home-and-home, total-points, 2-game playoff (this playoff format was last used in 1972). This was somewhat unfair to the first place team, who might no longer receive a first-round bye based simply on what happened at the bottom of its own division. (The current format, which began in 1997 after the league ceased its American operations, sees a fourth-place qualifier cross-over to the other division, essentially becoming the third-place team in that division.) As it turned out, 1986 was the only year this playoff format was needed.
The Canadian Football League and the Canadian Football League Players Association agreed on a new three-year agreement.
The Concordes changed their name to the Alouettes, coinciding with the 40th anniversary of the founding of the original Montreal Alouettes.
The Sports Network started to carry live coverage of the first round of the 1986 Canadian College Draft from coast-to-coast.
The Winnipeg Blue Bombers and the Montreal Alouettes played the first CFL pre-season game at Canada Games Stadium in Saint John, New Brunswick. Winnipeg won the game, 35–10.
The CFL also amended the quota to the teams 35-man roster to include 13 imports, 19 non-imports and 3 quarterbacks. The designated import rule was eliminated.
On the field, the end zones were reduced to 20 yards from 25 yards (in response to the popularity of the shortened end zones first used at BC Place in 1983).
The amateur Canadian Football Association changed its name to Football Canada in June; the Football Canada name had long been used in French.
The CTV Television Network ceased CFL broadcasts after this season; it had aired CFL games since 1962. The league-run syndicated Canadian Football Network took its place the next season.
Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points
* Bold text means that they have clinched the playoffs.
Grey Cup playoffs
The Hamilton Tiger-Cats are the 1986 Grey Cup champions, defeating the Edmonton Eskimos 39–15, at Vancouver's BC Place Stadium. This was Hamilton's first Grey Cup victory since 1972. The Tiger-Cats' Mike Kerrigan (QB) was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player on Offence and Grover Covington (DE) was named Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player on Defence, while Paul Osbaldiston (K/P) was named the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Canadian.
Playoff bracket
* Hamilton won their 2 game total-point series against Toronto by outscoring them 59–56. The Tiger-Cats advanced to the Grey Cup Championship game.
CFL Leaders
* CFL Passing Leaders
* CFL Rushing Leaders
* CFL Receiving Leaders
Offence
* QB – Rick Johnson, Calgary Stampeders
* RB – Gary Allen, Calgary Stampeders
* RB – Bobby Johnson, Saskatchewan Roughriders
* SB – Joe Poplawski, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* SB – Rocky DiPietro, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* WR – James Murphy, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* WR – James Hood, Montreal Alouettes
* C – Bob Poley, Calgary Stampeders
* OG – Roger Aldag, Saskatchewan Roughriders
* OG – Leo Blanchard, Edmonton Eskimos
* OT – Chris Walby, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* OT – Rudy Phillips, Edmonton Eskimos
Defence
* DT – Harold Hallman, Calgary Stampeders
* DT – Brett Williams, Montreal Alouettes
* DE – James "Quick" Parker, BC Lions
* DE – Grover Covington, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* LB – Danny Bass, Edmonton Eskimos
* LB – Tyrone Jones, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* LB – Willie Pless, Toronto Argonauts
* CB – Roy Bennett, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* CB – Less Browne, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* DB – Larry Crawford, BC Lions
* DB – Mark Streeter, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* S – Scott Flagel, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Special teams
* P – Hank Ilesic, Toronto Argonauts
* K – Lance Chomyc, Toronto Argonauts
* ST – Gary Allen, Calgary Stampeders
Offence
* QB – Mike Kerrigan, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* RB – Walter Bender, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* RB – Jim Reid, Ottawa Rough Riders
* SB – Mark Barousse, Ottawa Rough Riders
* SB – Rocky DiPietro, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* WR – Tony Champion, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* WR – James Hood, Montreal Alouettes
* C – Marv Allemang, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* OG – Jason Riley, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* OG – Dan Ferrone, Toronto Argonauts
* OT – Lloyd Fairbanks, Montreal Alouettes
* OT – Miles Gorrell, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
Defence
* DT – Mike Walker, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* DT – Brett Williams, Montreal Alouettes
* DE – Rodney Harding, Toronto Argonauts
* DE – Grover Covington, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* LB – Ben Zambiasi, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* LB – Leo Ezerins, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* LB – Willie Pless, Toronto Argonauts
* CB – Terry Irvin, Montreal Alouettes
* CB – Less Browne, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* DB – Carl Brazley, Toronto Argonauts
* DB – Mark Streeter, Hamilton Tiger-Cats
* S – Rick Ryan, Montreal Alouettes
Special teams
* P – Hank Ilesic, Toronto Argonauts
* K – Lance Chomyc, Toronto Argonauts
* ST – Jeff Treftlin, Montreal Alouettes
Offence
* QB – Rick Johnson, Calgary Stampeders
* RB – Gary Allen, Calgary Stampeders
* RB – Bobby Johnson, Saskatchewan Roughriders
* SB – Joe Poplawski, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* SB – Emanuel Tolbert, Calgary Stampeders
* WR – James Murphy, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* WR – Ray Alexander, Calgary Stampeders
* C – Bob Poley, Calgary Stampeders
* OG – Roger Aldag, Saskatchewan Roughriders
* OG – Leo Blanchard, Edmonton Eskimos
* OT – Chris Walby, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* OT – Rudy Phillips, Edmonton Eskimos
Defence
* DT – Harold Hallman, Calgary Stampeders
* DT – James Zachery, Edmonton Eskimos
* DE – James "Quick" Parker, BC Lions
* DE – Stewart Hill, Edmonton Eskimos
* LB – Danny Bass, Edmonton Eskimos
* LB – Tyrone Jones, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* LB – Billy Jackson, Saskatchewan Roughriders
* CB – Roy Bennett, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* CB – Mel Jenkins, Calgary Stampeders
* DB – Larry Crawford, BC Lions
* DB – Richie Hall, Calgary Stampeders
* S – Scott Flagel, Winnipeg Blue Bombers
Special teams
* P – Tom Dixon, Edmonton Eskimos
* K – J. T. Hay, Calgary Stampeders
* ST – Gary Allen, Calgary Stampeders
1986 CFL Awards
* CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award – James Murphy (WR), Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* CFL's Most Outstanding Canadian Award – Joe Poplawski (SB), Winnipeg Blue Bombers
* CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award – James "Quick" Parker (DE), BC Lions
* CFL's Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman Award – Roger Aldag (OG), Saskatchewan Roughriders
* CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award – Harold Hallman (DT), Calgary Stampeders
* CFLPA's Outstanding Community Service Award – Tyrone Crews (LB), BC Lions
* CFL's Coach of the Year – Al Bruno, Hamilton Tiger-Cats | WIKI |
Gazette journalists tweet about the shooting inside their building: 'Please help us'
close Video Capital Gazette reporter: Single gunman shot multiple people Journalist Phil Davis tweets on newsroom attack in Annapolis, Maryland: 'There is nothing more terrifying than hearing multiple people get shot while you're under your desk and then hear the gunman reload.' At least five people were killed in Maryland on Thursday after a suspect opened fire near the Capital Gazette&aposs newsroom in Anne Arundel County — as journalists covered the terrifying scene inside their building. The suspect was apprehended, Sheriff Ron Bateman told Fox News. The FBI&aposs Baltimore field office has responded to the scene. &aposMULTIPLE&apos DEATHS, SUSPECT CAUGHT AFTER REPORTS OF SHOTS FIRED OUTSIDE MARYLAND NEWSPAPER OFFICE, SHERIFF SAYS Amid the shooting, reporters and employees for the local newspaper continued to do their jobs. Anthony Messenger, an intern for the news outlet, tweeted of an "active shooter" at 888 Bestgate — the office building of the Gazette. "Please help us," Messenger wrote. Reporter Phil Davis tweeted more information about what happened at the newsroom: "A single shooter shot multiple people at my office, some of whom are dead." "Gunman shot through the glass door to the office and opened fire on multiple employees," he said. Davis said that while he couldn&apost give a definitive number of fatalities, "it&aposs bad." He added, "There is nothing more terrifying than hearing multiple people get shot while you&aposre under your desk and then hear the gunman reload." Maryland Sen. Chris Van Hollen responded to Davis&apos above tweet, writing that he "can&apost imagine what you and the entire Capital Gazette team are going through right now. "Journalists shouldn&apost have to fend off bullets in the newsroom while doing their jobs—this is not normal," the Democratic senator tweeted. "Stay strong." Photojournalist Joshua McKerrow said that he was safe and not in the newsroom during the shooting, and began to identify fellow journalists and employees who have been confirmed safe. He simply wrote he was "Heartbroken," and posted images from the scene. Danielle Ohl, a news reporter at the paper who tweeted she was on vacation, said that one of her colleagues "is in the hospital with an injury." She identified five other coworkers who "are ok." Another employee of the Gazette, Bill Wagner, tweeted that he&aposs "okay" and was not in the newsroom at the time of the shooting. "However, many of my colleagues and friends are not okay and that is solely where my thoughts are right now," Wagner, who covers sports for the paper, tweeted. An editor at the newspaper, Jimmy DeButts, detailed on Twitter Thursday evening that the journalists who work for the Capital Gazette "give all they have every day." "There are no 40 hour weeks, no big paydays - just a passion for telling stories from our [community.]" "We keep doing more with less. We find ways to cover high school sports, breaking news, tax hikes, school budgets & local entertainment," DeButts said. "We are there in times of tragedy. We do our best to share the stories of people, those who make our community better. Please understand, we do all this to serve our community. "We try to expose corruption. We fight to get access to public records & bring to light the inner workings of government despite major hurdles put in our way," he said of the work journalists do each day. "The reporters & editors put their all into finding the truth. That is our mission. Will always be." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Reader Level:
Articles
HTML Controls vs ASP.NET Controls in VB.NET
By Abhimanyu K Vatsa on November 09, 2012
In this article we will discuss, how HTML controls and ASP.Net controls works.
• 0
• 0
• 4557
Introduction
The main difference between HTML controls and ASP.Net controls is HTML controls never uses runtat="server" attribute to the tag. We declare HTML controls in a different way than we declare standard ASP.NET controls. The ASP.NET Framework enables us to take any HTML tag (real or imaginary) and add a runat="server" attribute to the tag. The runat="server" attribute converts the HTML tag into a server-side ASP.NET control. For example, the code given below contains a <span> tag, which has been converted into an ASP.NET control.
<%@ Page Language="VB" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">
Sub Page_Load()
timenow.InnerText = DateTime.Now.ToString("T")
End Sub
</script>
<
html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head id="Head1" runat="server">
<title>HTML Controls vs ASP.Net Controls</title>
</head>
<
body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
System Time :
<span id="timenow" runat="server" />
</div>
</form>
</body>
</
html>
Notice that the <span> tag given above looks just like a normal HTML <span> tag except for the addition of the runat="server" attribute. Because the <span> tag is a server-side HTML control, we can program against it. In above code, the current date and time are assigned to the <span> tag in the Page_Load() method. The HTML controls are included in the ASP.NET Framework to make it easier to convert existing HTML pages to use the ASP.NET Framework.
Abhimanyu K Vatsa
Microsoft MVP | Author | IT Faculty | Student of M.Tech. IT | Blogs at ITORIAN.COM
Personal Blog: http://www.itorian.com
COMMENT USING
Trending up | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:OTXXSX
OTXXSX: Meaning Omega Taco X X Super X
"Nothing Much is known about him" said a news reporter. "All we know so far about him is that he is a mystery..." | WIKI |
User:Invitamia
You who hear in scattered rhymes the sound of those sighs with which I nourished my heart during my first youthful error, when I was in part another man from what I am now:
for the varied style in which I weep and speak between vain hopes and vain sorrow, where there is anyone who understands love through experience, I hope to find pity, not only pardon.
But now I see well for a time I was talk to the crowd, for which often I am ashamed of myself within; and of now raving, shame is the fruit, and repentance, and the clear knowledge that whatever pleases in the world is a brief dream. | WIKI |
User:De745839/sandbox
Six Fruit Wine
Six fruit wine is a mixed fruit wine with grape, pineapple, orange, green plum, pomegranate and hawthorn as the raw material, it has the unique flavor.
In 1914, Yunnan KaiYuan, Wang Baofu couples began to develop sales of mixed fruit wine and sweet rokkyo, due to the unique flavor, is famous in both.
In 1958, established two companies respectively inherited miscellaneous wine and sweet rokkyo, products exported to Japan, South Korea and other countries for years.
In 1988, six fruit wine won a silver medal of the first China food expo.
In 1988 and 1989, respectively, the ministry of commerce high-quality products "silver goblet" and "golden goblet".
In 1992, in Paris international famous wine selection gold medal.
History
Wang Baofu was born in 1894, in the KaiYuan of yunnan province. In 1914, the 20-year-old Wang Baofu came to a far city to do business, at the time of the old market opened a grocery shop. The same year, Wang Baofu and Sun Rulan got marriage, the couple started doing business while developing complex fruit wine and sweet rokkyo. Because of complex fruit wine is mellow, sweet and sour and refreshing, is very popular with customers.
In March 1917, the senate of the republic of China Zhou Zena in WenChang palace founded during the society, for the wine, made from Wang Baofu praised by, this wine is entitled miscellaneous wine, and Wang Baofu's shop named "YuanYongLi", meaning has a long and prosperous history.
Wang Baofu adheres to win by quality and by the good faith treats people, he often told his family: "to be real credible, Starve is small trouble, but no integrity is big one." Therefore Wang Baofu also won credibility. In the 1940s, there are many firm standing, but only the "YuanYongLi" was listed in Chinese historical brand, Luo Guangbing, Yang Yiyan wrote in the famous novel "Red Rock" below: "far from the town of south Yunnan, midway through the Yunnan railway, industry and commerce is quite developed with austral flavor", "there is another kind of specialty, red, sweet and thick miscellaneous wine..."
In 1958, there were established two companies respectively inherited miscellaneous wine and sweet rokkyo, named KaiYuan Fruit Winery and KaiYuan Pickle Firm. KaiYuan belongs to karst landform, vertical climate significantly, so has many different kinds of fruit, suit to make a good formula of fruit wine, In 1984, KaiYuan fruit winery use grape, pineapple, orange, green plum, pomegranate and hawthorn as the raw material, mixed a improved wine and with modern exquisite packaging, changed its name to "six fruit wine", named more elegance, taste more delicious, immediately gain a foothold in the market. Current vice director Li Yuan said: "in fact the fruit after repeated experiments makes up more than six, but with six more appropriate, symbol of good luck."
In 1988, six fruit wine won a silver medal of the first China food expo, 1988 and 1989, respectively, the ministry of commerce high-quality products "silver goblet" and "golden goblet", in 1992, Paris international famous wine selection gold medal, which is six fruit wine so far won the highest honor, in the exhibition products in yunnan province, six fruit wine is one of the few honoured products. Today, six fruit wine has break through the original bubble wine of simple process, started using fermentation brewing wine, introduced all the advanced winemaking technology, formed a unique product. | WIKI |
FIBA eligibility rules
As the governing body of basketball, FIBA is responsible for maintaining and implementing the rules that determine whether a basketball player is eligible to represent a particular country in officially recognized international competitions. Any player with legal nationality the country they seek to represent are generally eligible to play for that country's national team but FIBA provides specific provisions for players who have acquired their legal nationality, dual citizens, and players representing FIBA members which are dependencies of another country.
Eligibility
Eligibility rules imposed by FIBA on national team players applies to both men and women. A player who seeks to represent a country must hold legal nationality of that country.
In 3x3 basketball, a player is eligible to represent their country if they have the appropriate legal nationality. The eligibility could be proven through a passport obtained at any age.
The method by which a player obtains nationality is generally irrelevant to national team eligibility. The so-called grandparent rule is only used to determine a player's eligibility for a team representing a dependent territory of a sovereign nation, such as Puerto Rico or the US Virgin Islands. In those cases, the player must hold nationality of the applicable sovereign nation, called the "main territory" in FIBA regulations (the United States in both named cases), and must have been either:
* 1) born in the dependent territory;
* 2) born in the main territory, with at least one parent having been born in the dependent territory;
* 3) born to parents who were both born in the dependent territory (regardless of the player's birthplace); or
* 4) have at least one grandparent born in the dependent territory (again, regardless of the player's birthplace).
Additionally, a player can gain eligibility for a dependent territory's team by gaining the nationality of the main territory, plus residing in the dependent territory for at least 4 years.
A player who has competed in an official FIBA competition after reaching age 17 is tied to that country. Those who played for one country before turning 17 may play for a different country if both countries' federations agree, with the FIBA Secretary General deciding if the federations do not agree. FIBA has an exception that allows the Secretary General to authorize a nationality change to a player's "country of origin" (i.e., a country where the player has recent ancestral roots) if it is "in the interest of the development of basketball in the country".
The application of this exception received criticism from ESPN journalist M.A. Voepel in 2021 after two American-born players of Nigerian origin, Nneka Ogwumike and Elizabeth Williams, were denied a waiver that would have allowed them to play for Nigeria in the Tokyo Olympics. While both had competed with the USA in previous competitions, with Ogwumike having won two World Cup gold medals with Team USA, neither had recent USA experience, and USA Basketball had released both to play for their ancestral home. In addition, Ogwumike's younger sisters Chiney and Erica, also US-born, were expected to play for Nigeria at those Olympics (in the end, only Erica was on the final Nigeria roster). In discussing the "development of basketball" exception to the standard eligibility rules, Voepel remarked, "How about the development of basketball on an entire continent? FIBA Africa is the only one of FIBA's five confederations that has never won an Olympic medal in men's or women's basketball. Wouldn't the opportunity to have two former WNBA All-Stars and collegiate All-Americans play for the country where their parents were born -- and for which they have dual citizenship and have frequently visited -- make sense in terms of both Nigerian and African basketball development?"
Naturalized players
Foreign-born players with bloodline connection with the country they want to represent must prove their legal nationality through a passport obtained before turning age 16, regardless of any local laws that deem that nationality as having existed before that time. Players who obtained their passport afterwards can still play but they would be considered as "naturalized" players by FIBA rather than as a local. FIBA allows one naturalized player to be on the roster of a national team per game.
Application in non-FIBA tournaments
In May 2018, the basketball federations in the Micronesia region decided to adopt FIBA eligibility rules for basketball players participating in the Micronesian Games. Previously the players in the games were subjected to seven-year residency requirement for non-Micronesians and a three-year residency term for islanders. The change generally restricts citizens of Federated States of Micronesia and Palau from playing for the Marshall Islands and would allow any United States passport holders to play for Guam and the Northern Marianas.
The Olympic Council of Asia does not enforce FIBA eligibility rules when it comes to naturalized players and dual citizens in the Asian Games. However it requires players to reside in the country they seek to represent for at least three years. The eligibility could be claimed by a passport of at least three years of validity. The OCA only allows one player with no bloodline to play for a national team in the Asian Games.
Proposed reform
According to Al Panlilio, the president of the Philippines' national federation Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas, the dominance of Australia and New Zealand in the 2018 FIBA Asia Under-18 Championship gave way for possible reform on FIBA eligibility rules. Panlilio said that FIBA Asia might be concerned about maintaining balance in its competition while stated that the federation's position is that Filipino dual citizens should be allowed to play as locals regardless of when they were issued passports as long as their bloodline with their country could be proven. | WIKI |
Carl Meinberg
Carl H. Meinberg (January 11, 1889 – April 15, 1975) was a 20th-century Catholic priest in the United States who served as the seventh president of St. Ambrose College in Davenport, Iowa, from 1937 to 1940. He is included by the Diocese of Davenport on a list of credibly accused abusers for the alleged abuse of at least four minors.
Biography
Meinberg was born on January 11, 1889, in Keokuk, Iowa. He was educated at St. Francis School and St. Peter’s High School, both in Keokuk, and St. Ambrose College. He went on to St. Mary’s Seminary in Baltimore. He was ordained on May 30, 1914, at Sacred Heart Cathedral in Davenport by Bishop James Davis. He holds a Master’s Degree from The Catholic University of America. He also did graduate work at the University of Iowa and the University of Notre Dame.
He became a member to the faculty at St. Ambrose College after his ordination to the priesthood. In his early years, Meinberg served as the head of the library, and was also the director of the choir and the orchestra. He taught in the departments of religion and Spanish, and eventually became the head of the history department and the campus spiritual director before becoming president. He served as the college president from November 1937 until February 1940. In 1939 Pope Pius XII named Meinberg a Domestic Prelate, upon the nomination of Bishop Henry Rohlman.
After leaving the presidency, Msgr. Meinberg became the pastor of St. Mary’s Church in Iowa City. His predecessor at St. Mary’s was Msgr. A.J. Schulte, the first president of St. Ambrose. During his 27 years as pastor the rectory and convent were renovated, and the church was redecorated. The parish celebrated its centennial in 1941. St. Mary’s High School merged with St. Patrick’s High School, upon the directive of Bishop Ralph L. Hayes, and created Regina High School. He also served as dean of the Iowa City Deanery. Msgr. Meinberg retired in August 1967 to St. Ambrose College. He died there on April 15, 1975, at the age of 86. He had two funerals one in Christ the King Chapel at St. Ambrose and one at St. Mary’s. He was buried in St. Joseph’s Cemetery in Iowa City. | WIKI |
Script to retrieve Passbolt passwords for Saltstack Pillars
You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
Sven Seeberg d28de9a8f0
README: fix development
2 months ago
example Revert "Support local file for passbolt replacement" 8 months ago
src/salt_passbolt Support new Passbolt API 10 months ago
.gitignore Initial commit 2 years ago
LICENSE Initial commit 2 years ago
README.md README: fix development 2 months ago
setup.py Fix Passbolt API URL 2 years ago
README.md
About
This Python module retrieves passwords for Passbolt groups to make them available in Saltstack Pillar.
License
MIT
Setup
1. Clone this repo
2. Go to directory, run (requires python3-setuptools)
python3 setup.py install
3. Create an Passbolt account for the Salt master.
4. Copy the private and public PGP key files to /etc/salt.
5. Import the private key with
gpg --import /etc/salt/passbolt_private.asc
6. Create a /etc/salt/passbolt.ini file with the following content:
[PASSBOLT]
SERVER = https://passbolt.example.com
#SERVER_PUBLIC_KEY_FILE = <optional: server_public.asc>
USER_FINGERPRINT = [REPLACE WITH GPG KEY FINGERPRINT]
USER_PUBLIC_KEY_FILE = /etc/salt/passbolt_public.asc
USER_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE = /etc/salt/passbolt_private.asc
PASSPHRASE = [REPLACE WITH PASSBOLT USER PASSWORD]
7. Change file permissions:
chown salt /etc/salt/passbolt*
chmod 600 /etc/salt/passbolt*
8. Create Pillar sls files for the different Salt minions. Use the example below as content for the sls files and replace the group UUID. Hint: you can find the group UUID in the URL of the Passbolt admin interface when editing a group.
#!py
def run():
from salt_passbolt import fetch_passbolt_passwords
return fetch_passbolt_passwords("27b9abd4-af9b-4c9e-9af1-cf8cb963680c")
You can also look into the example directory.
9. In state, reference secrets with their UUID. See the example/salt/important_secrets/files/secret.conf. Hint: you can find the secret UUID in the URL of your browser by clicking on the checkbox of a secret.
password={{ pillar['passbolt']['3ec2a739-8e51-4c67-89fb-4bbfe9147e17'] }}
YAML Replacement Structure
If the Passbolt server is not available, for example during local development, a file with the following format can replace the Python code mentioned in step 8:
passbolt:
3ec2a739-8e51-4c67-89fb-4bbfe9147e17: MY_SECRET | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
ELECTRICIAN`S MATE Quiz 13
Home > Flashcards > Print Preview
The flashcards below were created by user david11090 on FreezingBlue Flashcards. What would you like to do?
1. What arc the two major units of the UNREP system?
•
Control and monitoring
•
Control and receiving
•
Sending and receiving
•
Sending and control
Sending and receiving
2. What is the purpose of the ram tensioner?
•
To prevent the highline winches from paying out too much wire
•
To help the highline winch operator keep the highline tight during UNREP operations
•
To return the empty trolley to the delivery ship
•
To keep the wire rope from tangling on the UNREP winches
To help the highline winch operator keep the highline tight during UNREP operations
3. What principle permits the ultrasonic cleaner to operate with very little loss of strength?
•
The frequency of the sound waves
•
The relative incompressibility of all liquids
•
The temperature of the cleaning medium
•
The size of sound waves
The relative incompressibility of all liquids
4. By what means are shaft hp readings displayed in remote areas of the ship?
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Torque
•
Repeaters only
•
Remote displays only
•
Repeaters and remote displays
Repeaters and remote displays
5. What is the advantage of using solid-state control circuitry integrated with magnetically operated devices to regulate the speed of the series driven motor in an electric forklift?
•
Prevents damage to the control circuitry from power fluctuations
•
Allows longer battery-powered operation before recharging is needed
•
Enables the control circuitry to operate under higher current conditions
•
Enables the generator to handle heavy loads at slow speeds with large battery currents
Enables the generator to handle heavy loads at slow speeds with large battery currents
6. Which of the following are components of the steer motor power circuit in an electric forklift?
•
The lift pump motor and contacts of the pump relay coil (P)
•
The steering motor and contacts of the steer relay coil (S)
•
The drive motor and its series field
•
An electric motor, hoist and tilt cylinders, and a directional control value
The steering motor and contacts of the steer relay coil (S)
7. The capstan is designed to heave (a) what line at (b) what speed?
•
(a) 8-inch (b) 150 feet/minute
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(a) 6-inch (b) 150 feet/minute
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(a) 6-inch (b) 50 feet/minute
•
(a) 8-inch (b) 50 feet/minute
(a) 6-inch (b) 50 feet/minute
8. If the power fails when the anchor and chain are being lowered, the electric brake is designed to hold what percentage of the rated load?
•
250 %
•
200 %
•
150 %
•
225 %
150 %
9. Which of the following are components of the receiving unit of the receiving ship?
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A king post, a receiving head, an elevator, a carriage return unit, and a remote control console
•
A king post, a receiving head, an arm rotation motor, and king post winches
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An elevator, king post winches, a chain hoist, a remote control unit, and an arms rotation motor
•
A chain hoist, worm gear, arm rotation motor, and king post winches
A king post, a receiving head, an elevator, a carriage return unit, and a remote control console
10. The rudders have a maximum working angle of what number of degrees (a) left and (b) right from the middle ship’s position?
•
(a) 35 (b) 38
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(a) 38 (b) 38
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(a) 38 (b) 35
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(a) 35 (b) 35
(a) 35 (b) 35
11. In a forklift, thermal switches serve to protect the drive and steer motor circuits by opening if what minimum motor frame temperature is reached?
•
225°F
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245°F
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250°F
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230°F
225°F
12. Where is the ship’s control console located?
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The main engineering space
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The auxiliary control room
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The pilothouse
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The after steering room
• The after steering room
13. What is the purpose of the shaft torsion meter system?
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To determine the optimum screw blade angle for maximum efficiency
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To prevent the shaft from being overstressed
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To measure the torque on the propulsion shaft
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To allow precise shaft speeds to be maintained
To measure the torque on the propulsion shaft
14. What safety feature is incorporated into a precipitator to prevent electrical shock to the operator?
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The surge limiting resistor
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The access cover safety switch
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The secondary is grounded
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The primary is fused
The access cover safety switch
15. Which of the following is the purpose of the sensing heads mounted up and down the elevator trunk?
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To slow and stop the elevator
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To prevent the elevator from overspeeding
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To prevent overtravel
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Each of the above
Each of the above
16. The functions performed in electric elevators by limit switches, relays, and contractors are performed in electronically controlled elevators by what component(s)?
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The motor controller
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The static logic panel
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The cam targets
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The sensing heads
The static logic panel
17. The functions performed in electric elevators by limit switches, relays, and contractors are performed in electronically controlled elevators by what component(s)?
•
The motor controller
•
The static logic panel
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The cam targets
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The sensing heads
The static logic panel
18. What elevator component slows the elevator once it reaches the desired level?
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The reduction gear coupling disengages
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The limit switches insert resistance in the motor circuit
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A cam-operated limit switch switches the motor to a lower speed just before the desired level
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The photo sensors engage the brake
A cam-operated limit switch switches the motor to a lower speed just before the desired level
19. In electrohydraulic elevators, speed changes are accomplished by what means?
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Altering the hydraulic oil pressure to the pump
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Using a variable resistor in the control circuit
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Varying the stroke of the hydraulic pump
•
Altering the reduction gear coupling ratio
Varying the stroke of the hydraulic pump
20. What advantage, if any, is gained by using a dc motor as the pilot motor?
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The dc pilot motor operation is economical
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The dc pilot motor is simple to operate and requires little maintenance
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The dc pilot motor makes an infinite number of platform speeds available, which range from 3 to 90 feet per minute
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None
The dc pilot motor makes an infinite number of platform speeds available, which range from 3 to 90 feet per minute
21. What is the purpose of the controlled torque coupling?
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To prevent excessive stresses when the anchor is being housed
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To disconnect the windlass motor from power if there is an overload
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To control the speed of the windlass when dropping anchor
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To ensure constant torque on the gypsy head
To prevent excessive stresses when the anchor is being housed
22. What principle is the basis for the operation of the vent fog precipitator?
•
The inversion square law
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Kirchoff’s law
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Ohm’s law
•
Electrostatic precipitation
Electrostatic precipitation
23. The magnetic brakes of the electric anchor windlass provide what safety feature?
•
Remote operation of the brake
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A positive engagement/disengagement of the reduction gears
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Prevent overspeed
•
Hold the load if power fails
A positive engagement/disengagement of the reduction gears
24. If an elevator platform overtravels in the down direction, which of the following devices helps to prevent damage to the platform and the hull?
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Spring bumpers
•
Electric brakes
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Safety clamps
•
All of the above
Spring bumpers
25. Which of the following means can be used to control the operation of the steering gear?
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Hand electric
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Autopilot
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Emergency control
•
Each of the above
Each of the above
Card Set Information
Author:
david11090
ID:
232228
Filename:
ELECTRICIAN`S MATE Quiz 13
Updated:
2013-09-01 03:56:08
Tags:
ELECTRICIAN`S MATE Quiz 13
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Description:
ELECTRICIAN`S MATE Quiz 13
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User:Yaariyan aks
YAARIYAN
Yaariyan is A Brand Name Of Entertainment Group based In Ulhasnagar. The Group Features its Series and Videos On YouTube.
The Group is A Real Life childhood Friends who Turned to be Entertainer's By Showcasing there Talent in Rapping, Vlogging , Music Albums , Short Flims Etc. They Have about 50+ Videos on Youtube.

There First MUSIC Show was Organised By TIGER GROUP, MAHARASHTRA at KALYAN. | WIKI |
Pasamalar
Pasamalar is a 1961 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by A. Bhimsingh. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan and Savitri Ganesan, with K. A. Thangavelu M. N. Nambiar and M. N. Rajam in supporting roles. It revolves around Rajasekhar and his bonding with his younger sister Radha. Radha falls in love with her brother's friend, and Rajasekhar eventually arranges for their marriage. Problems they face form the story.
The story of Pasamalar was written by K. P. Kottakara, which Bhimsingh expanded into a screenplay, with Aaroor Dass writing the dialogues. The film was predominantly shot in Neptune Studios. The film was produced by M. R. Santhanam and K. Mohan under Rajamani Pictures. The film's original soundtrack was composed by M. S. Viswanathan and T. K. Ramamoorthy, while the lyrics were written by Kannadasan.
Pasamalar was released on 27 May 1961 and received critical acclaim with Ganesan and Savitri's performances being widely lauded. The film was also a commercial success, with a theatrical run of over 26 weeks, thereby becoming a silver jubilee film. The film won the Certificate of Merit for Second Best Feature Film at the 9th National Film Awards. It became a trendsetter resulting in similar themes about brother-sister relationships and was remade in Hindi, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam languages. A digitally restored version of Pasamalar was released on 15 August 2013 and was also well received.
Plot
Rajasekharan alias Raju becomes the guardian to his younger sister Radha after their parents' death. When the factory where Raju works is closed due to a labour problem and he is depressed, Radha gives him ₹1000 which she had earned and saved by making toys. She advises him to use this money as seed capital and commence his own toy business. Raju assents, and in a short time, becomes rich. Anand, a former colleague of Raju, is jobless and approaches Raju for work. Raju appoints him in his concern and over a period of time, Anand and Radha fall in love. Raju, who is very possessive of his sister, gets angry with Anand as he feels betrayed. However, knowing how intensely Radha loves Anand, he arranges their wedding.
After the marriage, Anand, along with his aunt and cousin, move into Raju's house. Raju marries Malathy, a doctor, on Radha's suggestion. All of them continue to live under the same roof and several misunderstandings arise. Anand's aunt uses every opportunity to widen the rift between Malathy and Radha and Radha and Anand. Unable to witness Radha's troubles, Raju moves out of the house with his wife. Through Radha, Anand's aunt serves a legal notice to Raju, demanding a share in the property for Radha. Malathy files a counter petition and the property is attached by the court, pending resolution. Unable to see Radha's sufferings, Raju withdraws the case. Still the families do not unite.
Radha delivers a girl and Malathy delivers a boy. After her child's birth, Malathy goes abroad for further studies, leaving the child with Raju. Unable to cope with the separation from his sister and to have peace of mind, Raju goes on a pilgrimage for several months. He returns on Diwali day and goes to meet Radha, but is denied entry by Anand's aunt. While going back, he saves a little girl from getting burnt by firecrackers and in the process, loses his eyesight. He is hospitalised and Radha rushes to the hospital to see her brother. Raju learns that the girl he saved is none other than his niece. Unable to cope with his inability to see them, he dies; Radha too dies holding his hand. Anand comes after and feels bad for Raju and Radha, and on their behalf, Anand takes care of Radha's daughter and Raju's son.
Cast
* Sivaji Ganesan as Rajasekharan "Raju"
* Gemini Ganesan as Anand
* Savitri Ganesan as Radha
* Supporting actors
* K. A. Thangavelu
* M. N. Nambiar as Bhaskar
* M. R. Santhanam
* K. D. Santhanam
* S. A. Kannan
* Supporting actresses
* M. N. Rajam as Malathy
* M. Saroja
* P. S. Gnanam as Anand's aunt
* Sukumari as (Song Dancing Role)
* R. Bharathi
* 'Baby' Kanchana
* Baby Malathi
Production
K. P. Kottakara, a Malayalam film producer and story writer, wrote a story about the everlasting relationship between a brother and sister, with the intention of making it a film. He approached A. Bhimsingh, a director who gained a reputation for making successful family drama films, and narrated the story to him. After listening to the story, Bhimsingh agreed to make it as the film that would become Pasamalar. Actor Sivaji Ganesan also liked the story, got to play the lead character of the brother Raju, and got his friends M. R. Santhanam and K. Mohan to produce the film on behalf of Rajamani Pictures. At the suggestion of Savitri, who was cast as the sister Radha, Aaroor Dass was hired to the dialogues.
Principal photography began at Neptune Studios on Christmas Day. Few scenes were shot at Ganesan's home in T. Nagar. A dialogue in the film that Raju tells Anand (Gemini Ganesan, not related to Sivaji) which translates to "You may switch off the electric lights here. But a small oil lamp will still be burning, and in that light, one man will toil. That man is this Raju" was inspired by a line Dass earlier told Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar as a refusal to write for one of his films: "Even if it is only a small lamp, let it be exclusively mine. I will use it to light my life". On the day the climax with the highly emotional dialogue, "Kai Veesamma Kai Veesu" was being filmed, during the break, Sivaji refused to have lunch as he want to starve the whole day to get the perfect emotion and diction for the scene.
Themes
According to Soorian Kasi Pandian, author of the 1996 book India, That Is, Sidd, Pasamalar means "Flower of Love". The term "Pasa" refers to brotherly love which involves sacrifices for his loved sister.
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy, with lyrics by Kannadasan. "Vaarayen Thozhi Vaarayo" attained popularity, and has been played at many Tamil weddings. It is set in Abheri, a Carnatic raga. The song provided a major breakthrough for its playback singer L. R. Eswari.
Release and reception
Pasamalar was released on 27 May 1961. The film was a commercial success, running for over 26 weeks, thereby becoming a silver jubilee film. The Tamil magazine Ananda Vikatan called it a milestone film and mentioned that though films may come and go, this one would stay forever in the hearts of those who had a chance to see it. Kanthan of Kalki appreciated Aaroor Dass' dialogues and the songs, saying that despite certain flaws, Pasamalar (flower of love) was a vasamalar (flower of fragrance). The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film in 1962. It was included alongside various Sivaji-starrers in a compilation DVD Yettavathu Ulaga Athisayam Sivaji (Sivaji Ganesan: Eighth Wonder of the World), which was released in May 2012.
Remakes
Pasamalar has been remade in number of languages, including Sinhala (as Suhada Sohoyuro in 1963). The first Hindi remake, Rakhi (1962) was directed by Bhimsingh, the director of the original. It was again remade in Hindi in 1986 as Aisa Pyaar Kahan. It was remade in Telugu as Rakta Sambandham (1962) with Savitri reprising her role, in Kannada as Vathsalya (1965), and in Malayalam as Santha Oru Devatha.
Legacy
The film became a trendsetter and inspired similar films of brother-sister relationships like Mullum Malarum (1978). In July 2007, S. R. Ashok Kumar of The Hindu asked eight Tamil film directors to list their all-time favourite Tamil films; four of them – K. Balachander, Balu Mahendra, Mani Ratnam, K. S. Ravikumar – named Pasamalar as one of the favourite films in Tamil. Ravikumar said "As a kid I saw 'Pasamalar' and cried. As an adult, each time I have seen it I was moved to tears. That is the power of the script and the performance of lead players". Playback singer Asha Bhosle noted that Pasamalar was the first Tamil film she had watched. Samy remarked that his directorial Kangaroo (2015) was a "modern day Pasamalar". Actor Sivakumar stated, "You can't reproduce movies like Parasakthi, Pasamalar, Devadas, Veerapandiya Kattabomman or Ratha Kanneer [...] By remaking such films, you are lowering yourself, while it enhances the original artists' image".
In popular culture
Footage of Pasamalar is featured in the 2011 Tamil film Velayudham. Footage of the song "Malarnthu Malaratha" is featured in the opening scene of Jigarthanda (2014). It is also used in the 2019 film Petta and 2022 film Saani Kaayidham. Dialogues in Pasamalar were also used in the song "Yenga Annan" in Namma Veettu Pillai (2019). In the same year (1961), Sivaji and Savithri acted as the lead pair in Ellam Unakkaga. The film failed as audiences could not digest Sivaji and Savitri as lovers after seeing them as siblings in Pasamalar.
Re-release
A digitally restored version of Pasamalar was released on 15 August 2013, during India's Independence Day. The digital conversion was done by Prasad EFX, Chennai. M. Suganth of The Times of India rated it 5 out of 5, saying "The restoration, cinemascope and audio conversion are pretty good while the trimming (by veteran editor Lenin, Bhimsingh's son) manages to retain the continuity to a large extent." | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 61 Part 1.djvu/31
61 STAT.] SOTH CONG. , 1 ST SESS.-CHS. 7, 8-FEB. 26, 28, 1947 SEC. 3. Section 1004 (a) (2) of such code (relating to deductions for purposes of gift tax) is amended by striking out the period at the end of subparagraph (E), and inserting in lieu thereof a semicolon, and by adding after subparagraph (E) a new subparagraph to read as follows: "(F) the United Nations, but only if such gifts (i) are to be used exclusively for the acquisition of a site in the city of New York for its headquarters, and (ii) are made after December 1, 1946, and before December 2, 1947." SEC. 4. Section 1004 (b) of such code (relating to deductions for purposes of gift tax) is amended by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (6), and inserting in lieu thereof a semicolon, and by adding after paragraph (6) a new paragraph to read as follows: "(7) the United Nations, but only if such gifts (A) are to be used exclusively for the acquisition of a site in the city of New York for its headquarters, and (B) are made after December 1, 1946, and before December 2, 1947." SEC. 5. The first sentence of section 812 (d) and the first sentence of section 861 (a) (3) of such code (relating to transfers for public, etc., uses) are hereby amended by inserting after the words "to influence legislation" a comma and the words: "or to or for the use of the United Nations, but only if such bequests, legacies, devises, or transfers to or for the use of the United Nations are to be used exclu- sively for the acquisition of a site in the city of New York for its headquarters, and the death of the decedent occurred after December 1, 1946, and before December 2, 1947". Approved February 26, 1947. 7 53 Stat. 147. 26U. S.C.§1004 (a) (2) (E). 53 Stat. 148 . 26 U. S. C. §1004 (b) (6). 53 Stat. 124 130 . 26U.S.C.§812 (d), 861 (a) (3). [CHAPTER 8] AN ACT February 28, 1947 To authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to cooperate with the Government of [S. ,S] Mexico in the control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease and rinderpest. [Public Law 8] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to cooperate with the Government of Mexico in carrying out operations or measures to eradicate, suppress, or control, or to prevent or retard, foot-and-mouth disease or rinder- pest in Mexico where he deems such action necessary to protect the livestock and related industries of the United States. In performing the operations or measures herein authorized, the Government of Mexico shall be responsible for the authority necessary to carry out such operations or measures on all lands and properties in Mexico and for such other facilities and means as in the discretion of the Secretary of Agriculture are necessary. The measure and character of coop- eration carried out under this Act on the part of the United States and on the part of the Government of Mexico, including the expendi- ture or use of funds appropriated pursuant to this Act, shall be such as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. Arrangements for the cooperation authorized by this Act shall be made through and in consultation with the Secretary of State. The authority contained in this Act is in addition to and not in substitution for the authority of existing law. SEC. 2. For purposes of this Act, funds appropriated pursuant thereto may also be used for the purchase or hire of passenger motor vehicles and aircraft, for printing and binding without regard to sec- tion 87 of the Act of January 12, 1895, or section 11 of the Act of March 1, 1919 (U. S. C., title 44, sec. 111), for personal services in the District of Columbia and elsewhere without regard to the limita- Cooperation with Mexico to control foot-and-mouth dis- ease, etc. Responsibility of Mexico. Arrangements with Secretary of State. Use of funds. 28 Stat. 622; 40 Stat. 1270.
� | WIKI |
Talk:Seljuk Empire
THE NAME OF SELJUQ
The name of Seljuq comes from SALCIK -after Selcuk... Sal meaning in Turkish=RAFT and cık=little (supplementary) Selçuk=Little RAFT.. and Raft was very important for Seljuqs.For example Oğuz Turks couldnt pass to Volga river without Raft.Just winters when river freezed. Sorry for Bad english but anybody dont talk about their name origin. And Source "Jean Paul Roux" his book: Faune et Flore sacrees p134, and Turkish writer Doğan Avcıoğlu History Of Turks p372" Please add this information. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by User: (talk • contribs) – Please sign your posts!
Wiki Education assignment: Islamic Arts of the Book
— Assignment last updated by TroublingMoo (talk) 17:07, 8 February 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Dachang Town station
Dachang Town is a station on Line 7 of the Shanghai Metro located in Baoshan District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It opened in 2009. | WIKI |
Talk:Aircraft cabin
Translation Notes
Hi all. In the Spanish version of the article business class was also called "executive class", and economy class was also called "tourist class". I've taken that information out since I've never heard them described that way in English, but if someone thinks they can be, please feel free to add it back in. The sections about First/Business class also only had Spanish references. I've added them in for now, but it might be good to find English ones. Especially since they don't appear to be that compelling. (An architecture magazine or newspaper of some sort, and eHow.) There was no source for the economy class section, but since the information seems valid to me I kept it and added a [citation needed] tag. Please feel free to drop me a message on my talk page if anyone has questions about anything I did. Best, M w w 1 1 3 (talk) 22:31, 4 October 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Notes and Queries - Series 10 - Volume 8.djvu/180
146
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vm. A. 24, 1907.
in his pedestrian tour, nor does the company of his wife and stepdaughter account for the supposed omission. That tour only really began when Borrow, with twenty pounds in his pocket, parted from the ladies at Llangollen on Thursday, 21 Oct., 1854. His solitary southward tramp lasted till the evening of the 16th of the following month, when he took the train at Chepstow, " first class," for London to rejoin his family, his twenty-six days' walk having cost him considerably under a pound a day.
Between Llangadog and Gwynfe he meets a gipsy caravan and introduces himself to the driver, Capt. Bosvile, as the " Romany Rye " of thirty years ago. In the course of a thoroughly Borrovian conversation the worthy owner of the " fighting mug " tells him why the gipsies are fleeing from Wales. It is because " the country is overrun with Hindity miscrey, woild Irish, with whom the Romany foky stand no chance." I remember the reappearance of the Welsh gipsies quite well, and also the pitiful plight of the swarms of poor Irish vagrants who temporarily displaced them in the years succeeding the great famine in Ireland. In George Borrow's book alone have I ever seen in print any reference to this curious episode in Welsh rural economy. On the very last day of his trip, as he is trudging from Newport to Chepstow, Borrow en- counters a young Irish female tramp, who, though not herself actually a member of the recent exodus, gives him the other side of this Irish-and-gipsy struggle. No Welsh- man can avoid heaving a sigh of relief at this poor girl's reply to a question respecting one shameful incident related by her : '' Did this affair occur in England or Wales ? " " In the heart of England, yere hanner " ; or fail to admire Borrow's noble rejoinder : " Well, I am glad it didn't happen in Wales ; I have rather a high opinion of the Welsh Methodists. The worthiest creature I ever knew was a Welsh Methodist."
J. P. OWEN.
THE OLD SESSIONS HOUSE, OLD BAILEY. The sale of the fixtures and fittings on 18 July of this familiar building is a prelude to its early demolition. There is little of historical importance attaching to the place, and public interest in its past is more of a morbid than a sentimental character. It was this, and not the antiquarian interest, that drew the very mixed crowd on the view day and during the sale, and sent them exploring its courts, passages, cells, and many rooms. They were impressed largely
by the direct association with famous criminals, and the mental reconstruction of the scene of the trials that had been " reported in full." The showman, as at the sale of the fittings of Newgate Prison, purchased anything of more than intrinsic worth, and we shall be invited later to sea elsewhere the " Prisoner's Dock of the Old Central Criminal Court " (lot 108, 10?.), and the cell in which Lord George Gordon died (No. 5, lot 156, 51.), and that from which Jack Sheppard escaped (No. 7, lot 153, 11. 10s.). The last named is a very doubtful attribu- tion.
Ample descriptions of the sale and some illustrations were provided by The Daity Chronicle, The Daily Graphic, and The Evening News of 19 July. By those who wandered as far, there was to be seen in an upper room a huge quantity of interesting correspondence and papers originally belong- ing to Alderman Lucas, circa 1810-30. Another room was littered with the Sessions Papers and Recorder's notes of the cases heard during the past ten years.
The history of the building is given at some length in ' Old and New London,' ii. 463, and Knight's ' London,' No. xciv. There is also a scarce little volume, ' The Humours of the Old Bailey ; or, Justice shaking her sides, being a Collection of all the Merry and Diverting Trials for the last Thirty Years,' London, 8vo, n.d. In ' Memoirs of the Right Villanous John Hall,' &c., 1708, there is an interesting description of the court. My copy is imperfect, and that at the B.M. has all after p. 38 missing.
The Old Bailey Sessions Papers com- menced 1674 (?), and continued until 1834, when they were renamed Central Criminal Court Sessions Papers.
The site, divided into three lots, was let by auction 29 July. On the site included in the third lot a portion of the Roman Wall still exists, and The Morning Post (30 July) provides a history of this small area since its earliest days. Unfortunately, the writer hopelessly confuses Ludgate and Newgate. ALECK ABBAHAMS.
HAMPSTEAD'S HISTORICAL HOUSES. (See 10 S. v. 483 ; vi. 52, 91, 215, 356, 497 ; vii. 312, 413, 472 ; viii. 12, 114.) MR. HARLAND- OXLEY'S article, ante, p. 12, reminds me that no one has yet given an account of the houses of historical interest in Hampstead denoted by commemorative tablets.
The first to be so marked was that of Sir Rowland Hill on Haverstock Hill, called Bertram House, where he lived for thirty | WIKI |
What's new
Surface 3 Pro - Scheduled wake from Sleep not working
twperi
New Member
Hi there,
I'm using a brand new Surface 3 Pro. I put it to sleep in the evening, in the morning I want it to wake up (activate screen) and start a certain application.
I tried to achieve this via Task Scheduler, but didn't succeed, no matter which options I activate.
The desired app get's launched AS SOON AS I wake the screen with mouse clicks or by pressing the Power button, but the tablet (at least the screen) doesn't wake up automatically.
MS Support (both Surface Support & Windows Support) couldn't help (???) and were redirecting me to one another... (!!!)
I already disabled Hibernate so the Surface is definitely in SLEEP.
I activated "wake timers" for Sleep mode, so they appear in Energy Options, and enabled them for both AC and battery
Important Options in Taskscheduler:
- Allow ...to reactivate Computer
- Execute Task no matter if User is logged in
I know this is possible on Surface 3 PRO, since Windows Alarm does exactly the same thing.
It was possible via Task Scheduler since Windows XP.
Maybe someone can help me to
1) write a small script (that activates screen) and start it via Task Scheduler, then start my app
2) find an alarm App from the Store that allows me not only to play sounds, but also to start Apps
Regards,
Sebastian
Top | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Shirley Webb
Shirley Addison (née Webb) (born 28 September 1981) is a British former hammer thrower and performer in the Gladiators series as Battleaxe.
She was born in Whitley Bay, Tyne & Wear, England and is the daughter of Andrew Webb, a Scottish international hurdler who competed at the Commonwealth Games. She attended The King's School, Tynemouth and graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a degree in Mathematics.
Webb's own record of major championships includes Olympic Games (2004), World Championships, European Athletics Championships and two Commonwealth Games (2002, 2006) where she competed for Great Britain and Scotland respectively. In 2005, she won the European Cup for Great Britain.
Her personal best throw is which is the Scottish record, and places her fifth on the British outdoor all-time list.
Webb became a patron of Meningitis UK after suffering from viral meningitis. | WIKI |
Love Blows As the Wind Blows
Love Blows As the Wind Blows is a song cycle for voice and piano or string quartet composed in 1911–12 by George Butterworth (1885–1916). It sets four poems by William Ernest Henley from his Book of Verses (1888). The composer orchestrated three songs from the cycle in 1914, omitting "Fill a Glass with Golden Wine".
A performance typically takes 12 minutes. The songs are as follows:
* 1) "In the Year That's Come and Gone"
* 2) "Life in Her Creaking Shoes"
* 3) "Fill a Glass with Golden Wine"
* 4) "On the Way to Kew"
Kew is a district within London next to Richmond, which is where the poet sets out from in the fourth song. | WIKI |
화학공학소재연구정보센터
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol.103, No.12, 4649-4677, 2019
LncRNAs with miRNAs in regulation of gastric, liver, and colorectal cancers: updates in recent years
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNAi molecule composed of hundreds to thousands of nucleotides. There are several major types of functional lncRNAs which participate in some important cellular pathways. LncRNA-RNA interaction controls mRNA translation and degradation or serves as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge for silencing. LncRNA-protein interaction regulates protein activity in transcriptional activation and silencing. LncRNA guide, decoy, and scaffold regulate transcription regulators of enhancer or repressor region of the coding genes for alteration of expression. LncRNA plays a role in cellular responses including the following activities: regulation of chromatin structural modification and gene expression for epigenetic and cell function control, promotion of hematopoiesis and maturation of immunity, cell programming in stem cell and somatic cell development, modulation of pathogen infection, switching glycolysis and lipid metabolism, and initiation of autoimmune diseases. LncRNA, together with miRNA, are considered the critical elements in cancer development. It has been demonstrated that tumorigenesis could be driven by homeostatic imbalance of lncRNA/miRNA/cancer regulatory factors resulting in biochemical and physiological alterations inside the cells. Cancer-driven lncRNAs with other cellular RNAs, epigenetic modulators, or protein effectors may change gene expression level and affect the viability, immortality, and motility of the cells that facilitate cancer cell cycle rearrangement, angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. Molecular medicine will be the future trend for development. LncRNA/miRNA could be one of the potential candidates in this category. Continuous studies in lncRNA functional discrepancy between cancer cells and normal cells and regional and rational genetic differences of lncRNA profiles are critical for clinical research which is beneficial for clinical practice. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Thomas Cletcher
Thomas Cletcher (1598 – 2 June 1666) was a Dutch jeweller, goldsmith, and gem dealer from The Hague, who was involved in several transactions of jewels of historical significance, and also served as the city's mayor from 1652 to 1657.
Family and early life
The Cletcher family (sometimes also spelled Cletscher, Clisser, Clitsert, Clitchert, Cletzer, and van Cletcher) originally lived in Colchester, England. The family emigrated to the Low Countries in the mid-16th century, where Thomas Cletcher Sr. registered as a burgher of the city of Antwerp in 1560. As a result of turmoil stemming from the Eighty Years' War between the Dutch and the Habsburg Netherlands, the Cletchers moved north in 1585 and settled in The Hague in the newly founded Dutch Republic. The son of Cletcher Sr. – also named Thomas – became a wine merchant in The Hague and married Tanneken van Bree in 1597; the couple welcomed their firstborn Thomas Cletcher in 1598 (sometimes styled as Thomas Cletcher jr. to distinguish him from his father and grandfather).
Thomas grew up in an upper middle class household with at least one brother, the cartographer, painter and printer Daniël Cletcher (c.1599–1632). He lived with his parents until 1625, when he married Anna Ghijsberti, a jeweller's daughter from Antwerp. After Anna's death in 1638, Thomas married Adriana van der Willigen in 1639, the widow of Hendrick van Wouw, the son of the mayor of The Hague. When Adriana died only one year after the wedding, Thomas remarried a third time in 1642; this time the bride was Anna Hoeufft, daughter of a Dordrecht noble and merchant. Marriage into the Hoeufft family increased Thomas's reputation, but he would ultimately outlive even his third wife by two years.
Jeweller and goldsmith
Thomas Cletcher is known to posterity mostly through his profession as a jeweller, goldsmith, and gem dealer. In 1626, he designed a piece of jewellery in the shape of a branch of the Polygonatum plant, also known as 'Solomon's Seal'. The piece caught the attention of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, at the time Stadtholder of The Hague, who agreed to buy it for the large sum of 27,000 guilders. As a result of his prowess, Cletcher became Dean of the Guild of Gold- and Silversmiths in 1630 at the age of only 32, a position which he skillfully leveraged to make connections with various European noble houses. Possibly due to his English ancestry, he developed a long-lasting connection with the English royal house, but was equally sought-after by other monarchs as an appraiser, intermediary in gem trades, and buyer of jewels that they wanted to pawn or sell. Cletcher kept extensive notes on his trades and produced drawings of the most notable objects, the majority of which survived and are held today by the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam.
In 1625, Cletcher was the agent of choice when Charles I of England sent his wife Henrietta Maria to the continent to pawn away what she could of the English crown jewels in order to alleviate Charles' financial troubles. Henrietta Maria traded one of England's most impressive pieces of jewellery–the hat jewel known as the Mirror of Great Britain–to Cletcher, who recorded the item in his sketchbook with the note that it had been "commissioned by Coninc Jacobus" (Charles' predecessor James VI and I). The Mirror consisted of three large diamonds, one from the Great H of Scotland, with an equally large ruby, and hanging underneath, one of the largest cut diamonds that existed in Europe at the time, the 55-carat Sancy. While Charles was able to redeem the Sancy some 13 years later in 1639, the Mirror was broken up by Cletcher and never returned to England.
Over the next decades, Cletcher became a major force in the Northern European market for diamonds and jewellery. It has been speculated that Cletcher was the buyer or middleman when Henrietta Maria attempted to pawn the Three Brothers in 1643/44 in an attempt to finance Charles' army in the First English Civil War. The Brothers were a crown jewel that was already 250 years old by then, and which had been owned by Duke John the Fearless, banker Jakob Fugger and Queen Elizabeth I. The jewel is considered lost since 1645, and might have been sold or broken up by Cletcher after acquiring it. In 1644, he engineered the purchase of the 35-carat Beau Sancy diamond–the smaller sibling to the Sancy–from the estate of the late Marie de' Medici by Frederick Henry, whose appetite for luxury had grown with the successes of the Dutch Republic. Cletcher brought the Prince in contact with an Italian gem dealer living in Amsterdam, who received 80,000 guilders for the Beau Sancy. Cletcher recorded the transaction with great satisfaction in his notebook, as he believed the jewel to in fact be worth 150,000 guilders, making the sale a true bargain for his benefactor Frederick Henry.
In 1652, Cletcher sold a pearl necklace to his regular customer Henrietta Maria, who at this point lived in exile in Paris after the execution of her husband Charles I. English royal jewels pawned with Cletcher in 1655 included a great cross of diamonds.
In addition to his activities as a jeweller, Cletcher was also a skillful investor in schemes such as the draining of marshland in the Poitou region of France, milling in Sweden, and various real estate purchases. While his family assets are recorded as 6,000 guilders in 1627, by 1654 this had grown to over 90,000 guilders.
Public service and later life
Cletcher received his first appointment to the Hague city council in 1643, which might have been helped by his marriage into the noble Hoeufft family. His first term as alderman of the council began in 1645, a position to which he was reelected several times, before ultimately becoming mayor of The Hague in 1652. The mayorship was a highly prestigious post, and would have been considered the crowning achievement of a burgher's life. Cletcher served as mayor until 1657, when he retired from his business; he moved to nearby Amersfoort in 1659, where his son Thomas was mayor. Cletcher died in Amersfoort on 2 June 1666.
From his first marriage with Anna Ghijsberti, Cletcher had five children:
* Thomas, later mayor of Amersfoort.
* Hendrik, secretary at the Dutch embassy in Sweden.
* Robert, painter and member of the Confrerie Pictura in The Hague.
* Anna, who married Otto Viglius, the commissioner for the region of Friesland in the States General of the Netherlands.
* Jacob, who died as a young man after his marriage in 1647. | WIKI |
Donkey Kong 64/Worlds/Jungle Japes
Outside the Cage
* Character: Donkey
* Difficulty: Easy
On your first visit to Jungle Japes, you will have to rescue Diddy Kong while you're there. Just outside his cage is a golden banana, free for the picking.
From the level entrance, climb the nearby palm tree and from the top, use the vines to swing to the far end of the path. At the far end, hit the switch: It will open a gate below. Jump down, and make your way through the newly opened tunnel.
At the far end of the tunnel is the main body of the Jungle level, where Diddy will call over during a cutscene on your first visit. He is somewhere on the mountain, and Donkey is the man (ape?) to climb it and bust him out! The foot of the mountain is surrounded by a pool of water. If you head counter-clockwise around it a little, you should be able to see a beanstalk running up the hillside. Jump into the water and swim over, climbing up the beanstalk.
Donkey will be just outside Funky's store, situated on the side of the mountain. Buying a weapon is necessary to free Diddy Kong, but not to collect this golden banana, so we will bypass this for now. Turn to face away from Funky's armory, and look out for a set of vines. Use these to swing across to another ledge, this one featuring a cannon. Walk right into the cannon, and Donkey will automatically be launched up, landing just outside Diddy's cage. That banana is right in front of you!
Rescue Diddy
* Character: Donkey
* Difficulty: Easy
This golden banana is inside Diddy Kong's cage on top of the mountain in Jungle Japes, and it ain't coming out until the cage is opened. Follow these steps to unlock Diddy Kong, as well as another golden banana.
First, make sure you have obtained the 'Outside the Cage' banana -- you can't get this one without it. Once Donkey grabs the bounty, three switches will appear throughout the level. These switches must be shot using a coconut gun, available for purchase at Funky's armoury for 3 coins. Backtrack to his store (see 'Outside the Cage') and pick it up. If you do not have the coins, they can be found in the tunnel near the entrance of the level.
Once left Funky's with your new weapon, walk over to the edge with the vines again (see 'Outside the Cage'). Stand at the very edge of the cliff, as close as you can without risking falling off the edge. Now, pull out your shooter, and use to aim it.
Point the crosshair at the side of the mountain, and move down a bit. The switch is on the side of the mountain here. If you cannot shoot it from your current location, exit aiming mode and try again from a different spot. Shoot the switch.
With one down, come down from the mountain and return to the ground level. There are two switches left, and it is not important which order they are done.
On the left hand side of the level is a closed gate, with a coconut switch above it. This can be shot very easily if you are close enough to see it. However, there are Zingers flying around the area, and you will lose your aim if hit. It is recommended you dispatch them before attempting to activate the switch. Another alternative is to climb up a nearby tree and shoot the switch from there. Either way works.
The right hand side of the level is set out in a very similar way to the left. It even has a similar switch, which can be taken care of the same way you dealt with its brother on the left end.
Once all three switches are hit, Diddy's cage will open up. You can now play as Diddy Kong, (just jump into a tag barrel to change) and he left that golden banana in his cage for you to collect.
Yellow Blueprint #1 and Purple Blueprint #1
* Character: Donkey/Tiny
* Difficulty: Easy
Once you've opened Diddy Kong's cage, enter the door on the left hand side of the level. There should be a Kasplat there with yellow hair. Have Donkey defeat him and pick up the blueprint, then return to Snide at the top of the mountain where you freed Diddy Kong (he is on the cliff above Funky's Armory) to turn it in. Be sure to come back once you've freed Tiny and get her Blueprint from the purple-haired Kasplat that's just past the yellow-haired one.
Barrel Blast Game
* Character: Donkey
* Difficulty: Easy, but possibly time consuming
Remember the door above the water that you opened while freeing Diddy? Go through it, making sure to get the "4" pad. Enter the cave, go the route that doesn't have vines. Run past the beaver and you will be in a stormy area. Hit the "4" pad there, then enter Cranky's lab and buy the potion if you have enough money. (If Diddy has enough money, he should buy Chimpy Charge here as well.) Go to the 4-pad to teleport out of the stormy area.
Back at the mountain, there is a special pad on the right-hand side of the level. Climb up a tree and jump across some vines to get to it. Press like Cranky told you to enter a barrel blast minigame. Shoot from barrel to barrel until you reach the Golden Banana. Shoot at it and you will collect it.
Red Blueprint #1
* Character: Diddy
* Difficulty: Easy
Go into the cave mentioned above. Remember when I said to go to the route that doesn't have vines? Well, this time, go the route that has vines. Get across the pit to the Kasplat with red hair. Take it down, then pick up the Blueprint and take it back to S. Nide.
Rambi
* Character: Donkey
* Difficulty: Trivial
Behind Cranky's Lab is a coconut switch. Open it, and you can get the contents behind the gate, including Rambi.
Rambi can be used to smash the four huts in the area, one of which contains a DK button. Pounding this button will reveal a golden banana in the starting area.
Also with Rambi, you can head back into the tunnel, and take the first turn left. Smash down the wall will open up a small section containing a banana fairy, and a few other items to be handled later.
Army Dillo
* Character: Donkey
Army Dillo is the first boss, and should be a warmup. There are three sections to this fight:
* 1) He will open by attacking from the fireball launchers. They are slow moving, and have no lead-ahead, thus they are easily dodged by rolling with +.
* 2) After launching enough fireballs, he will peek out of his shell. Quickly move to the TNT barrel in the middle of the arena, and throw it at him.
* 3) He will curl up, and roll towards you. He may be slightly faster than normal movement, but the DK's roll will still be faster.
Once Army Dillo is hit for the third time, he will flee, dropping one of K. Lumsy's keys. | WIKI |
Category talk:American spacecraft
Category creation
Creating category for American spacecraft. this is long overdue!!! now that we have some privately-made American spacecraft that are not made by NASA!! --Sm8900 (talk) 03:33, 3 January 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Talk:Popeyes Chicken Sandwich
Peer Review - Audry Hernandez
Lead - Your lead for the Popeyes Chicken Sandwich is very well written and strong. With that said, be careful of any typos and punctuation (I know it's just a draft right now, but simply for future reference). In the sentence that begins with "Launching...", I think you could use another word besides "laughing" since you use the word "launch" later in the sentence. Example: "Appearing in a few locations earlier in 2019..." etc.
Nutritional Facts - I believe this section can be moved towards the bottom of the article. The main thing when it comes to the infamous chicken sandwich is the attention that it go on social media, so I would make that the main factor of the article and leave the smaller facts to the end.
Nirmeen Mandour - Peer Review
Hi Daisy, I really like how your Wiki page is coming along so far. I think that you could add more to the advertising section of it though, I know that in one of our other classes we had looked at an article/twitter page of Popeyes and I think there may be some more really good information that could be added. Other than that though, I think that your page looks really clear, concise, and straight to the point! Look forward to seeing the final page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nirmeenmandour (talk • contribs) 03:03, 7 November 2019 (UTC)
Peer Review- Amanda Burke
Hi Daisy! My apologies for being so delayed in my review! I think your lead is very strong and summarizes the article well, but similarly to someone else’s review, it could absolutely use a quick proofread for some grammar/punctuation. I also think that a section on some of the news surrounding the employees and customers, as well as the stabbing victim would really add relevance and notability to the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Amandaaliz (talk • contribs) 22:08, 19 November 2019 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 14
< October 13 October 15 >
Category:Turkic slaves
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:Turkic slaves
Category:Cultural properties designated by the prefecture
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:Cultural properties designated by the prefecture
Category:Indigenous people in German South West Africa
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:Indigenous people in German South West Africa
Category:German people in German East Africa
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:German people in German East Africa
Category:Simon of Glaisdale family
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) Qwerfjkl talk 09:28, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting simon of glaisdale family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ) without a corresponding eponymous article about the family Mason (talk) 21:01, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 10:34, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Glinka family
* The result of the discussion was: keep. (non-admin closure) Mason (talk) 18:43, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting glinka family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ) without a corresponding eponymous article about the family Mason (talk) 20:56, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Can you show me the rule that say: categories with less than 3 items should be deleted? Marcelus (talk) 20:58, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* SMALLCAT combined with the fact that when you have two people, it seems like an overcategorization because you can just link them on the page. I think that @Marcocapelle described the core of the issue in this quote "Wow, what a massive amount of overcategorization. Especially with few articles per family, all articles will link to each other directly (unless a very distant relationship) and a category does not add anything." The quotes from another larger bundle of family categories Mason (talk) 21:07, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* I definitely wasn't me. And SMALLCAT doesn't say anything about items treshold, also it clearly says: Note also that this criterion does not preclude all small categories; a category which does have realistic potential for growth; Russian equivalent of the category has 20 items, Polish 6, so there is a clearly room for growth. And the category is actually quite useful because this family had two branches: Polish and Russian, both were quite significant. Marcelus (talk) 21:15, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* (apologies about the ping, I saw the first few letters and thought oh how convenient it found Marcocapelle without them needing to be in the conversation) Mason (talk) 21:30, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Can you expand upon what you mean by "Russian equivalent of the category has 20 items, Polish 6"? Are their supposed to be child categories? And yes, I know that small cat has the "realistic potential " piece Mason (talk) 21:33, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Check interlanguage wikilinks. Since you know about it, why you keep insisting on deleting the cat? Marcelus (talk) 21:34, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Thanks for clarifying about the interlanguage wiki, it didn't occur to me to look there. Regardless, I don't know why you're characterizing this conversation as me "insisting on deleting the cat". I'm asking questions to try to understand what you mean. I was also digging a little deeper to see if there were more potential pages to add. Because if there is a realistic potential for growth, I'd be happy to withdraw the nom. Mason (talk) 21:41, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* What I've done is temporarily added all the linked categories from the polish and russian categories. I'm trying to now go through to determine if they are actually related to the family category in question. Mason (talk) 22:00, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* FYI: there is no indication that Elizaveta Glinka belongs to the noble family of Glinka, I think it's just a similarity of surnames Marcelus (talk) 22:04, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* That was my conclusion as well. She's in the Russian language category. And I think that illustrates a challenging point, that we can't really use the non-english language categories as showing "clearly room for growth". Mason (talk) 22:08, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* I also don't see any evidence for Dmitry Glinka (diplomat), leaving us with 3 people and a category. Mason (talk) 22:11, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* No, Dmitry was part of the Russian branch of the Glinka family; I just found an article about Konstantin Glinka which says: He came from the great and widespread historical Glinka family, which included many famous scholars and people and the arts. Among them are: M. Glinka - composer, G. Glinka - slavophile, S. Glinka - professor of mineralogy at Moscow University, D. Glinka - philosopher and diplomat, and several writers and scientists who left their marks in literature and science Marcelus (talk) 09:18, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
* I'm glad that you've found some evidence since I looked at the category, but at the time I wrote that statement, there wasn't any in the article. Mason (talk) 16:14, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
* I think it's reasonable to use them as indication. Can you please re-add category to Dmitry Glinka (diplomat) (I provided a source in the article). Marcelus (talk) 09:25, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
* Sure, it's an weak indicator, but I don't think that it shows "clearly room for growth". I've added back Dmitry Glinka (diplomat) . This exchange has resulted in a much more populated category. However, I'd encourage you to rethink how combative your approach is. I approached this exchange in good faith, tried to see your perspective, asking you questions, etc. However, I don't feel as if you accorded me that same courtesy. Mason (talk) 16:11, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
* I am very sorry that you felt this way. My feeling is completely the opposite, I think that our exchange of views was very fruitful for both sides, and also for the wiki because it resulted in better category content. Marcelus (talk) 16:50, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
* I'm glad that you feel respected, as that was what I was trying to do. I agree that the category is better for it. However, if you look at our exchange, you made a lot of uncharitable interpretations and you've continued to do so. Mason (talk) 02:33, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* Ok, you really need to be more specific than that at this point. Marcelus (talk) 08:07, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:British Burma
* The result of the discussion was: merge to Category:British rule in Burma. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:55, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:British Burma to Category:British rule in Burma
* Nominator's rationale: These seem to be extremely overlapping to me. Mason (talk) 20:46, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Merge per nom, per British rule in Burma. Place Clichy (talk) 01:00, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
* Merge per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 10:39, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:LGBT people from Somalia
* The result of the discussion was: merge to Category:Somalian LGBT people. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:54, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:LGBT people from Somalia to Category:Somalian LGBT people
* Nominator's rationale: Duplicate Mason (talk) 20:10, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Merge, very obvious duplicate. Marcocapelle (talk) 10:40, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Writers from Nepal
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:Writers from Nepal
Category:Noble families in the British Isles
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:Noble families in the British Isles
Category:Military families of Serbia
* The result of the discussion was: dual merge. (non-admin closure) Qwerfjkl talk 09:30, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose splitting dual merge Category:Military families of Serbia to Category:Military families and Category:Serbian families
* Nominator's rationale: only one family in this category Mason (talk) 18:35, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Dual merge (not split) per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:22, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* (my apologies for using split. I'm using twinkle and that was the easiest way to add two categories) Mason (talk) 19:33, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Dobbs family
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:53, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting dobbs family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ): no corresponding eponymous article about the family Mason (talk) 18:16, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Teglev family
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:53, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting teglev family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ): a corresponding eponymous article about the family and one family member Mason (talk) 18:15, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Irons family
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:53, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting irons family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ) without a corresponding eponymous article about the family Mason (talk) 18:13, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Lanigan-O'Keeffe family
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:53, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting lanigan-o'keeffe family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ) without a corresponding eponymous article about the family Mason (talk) 18:12, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Tremayne family
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:52, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting tremayne family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ) without a corresponding eponymous article about the family Mason (talk) 18:04, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Tilney family
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:52, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting tilney family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ) without a corresponding eponymous article about the family Mason (talk) 18:04, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Stradling family
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:52, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting stradling family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ) without a corresponding eponymous article about the family Mason (talk) 18:03, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Bramall family
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:49, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting bramall family
* Nominator's rationale: Small cat (n<3 ) without a corresponding eponymous article about the family Mason (talk) 18:01, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Restaurants serving Eastern European cuisine
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:Restaurants serving Eastern European cuisine
Category:Restaurants serving Chinese cuisine
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:Restaurants serving Chinese cuisine
Category:9th-century Frankish saints
* The result of the discussion was: delete. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:46, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting 9th-century frankish saints
* Nominator's rationale: delete, redundant category layer with only one subcategory. Merging is not necessary because the subcategory is already in the tree of Category:People from the Carolingian Empire. Marcocapelle (talk) 15:52, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Delete as redundant per nom. –Aidan721 (talk) 16:00, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support per nom Mason (talk) 17:50, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Expatriates from the Dutch Republic in the Dutch East Indies
* The result of the discussion was: selectively upmerge. to Category:Dutch people of the Dutch East Indies (non-admin closure) Qwerfjkl talk 09:36, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:Expatriates from the Dutch Republic in the Dutch East Indies to Category:Dutch expatriates in the Dutch East Indies
* Nominator's rationale: WP:OVERLAPCAT. Overlapping categories here. –Aidan721 (talk) 15:48, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support per nom Mason (talk) 17:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Comment: Category:Dutch expatriates in the Dutch East Indies has been renamed to its former name Category:Dutch people of the Dutch East Indies. --NFSreloaded (talk) 18:00, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support, but just move Jacobus Bontius to Category:Dutch people of the Dutch East Indies, then delete the category, because the other three articles are already in Category:Governors-General of the Dutch East Indies. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:36, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Comment There are other existing categories in the parent category Category:Expatriates from the Dutch Republic, is there a reason why this one was singled out? Liz <sup style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #006400;">Read! Talk! 20:17, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Well, the Dutch... in... Dutch part would be a reason to question if an expatriate category is worth at all, a question which does not apply to all other categories. Also, it seems that the rate at which these categories are created is just higher that the rate at which we manage to discuss them (by that I mean hand-picked past political regimes). Place Clichy (talk) 01:09, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
* , What @Place Clichy is delicately alluding to is that the creator of the categories @Johnpacklambert can't or won't engage with the issue. They just keep creating more categories that have the same problem of small underpopulated categories that intersect with regime with occupation and nationality. Mason (talk) 18:49, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
* Selectively upmerge to Category:Dutch people of the Dutch East Indies and delete per Marcocapelle. The title of this category is the best descriptor for these people. Place Clichy (talk) 01:09, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:9th-century Frankish writers
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* The result of the discussion was: merge to Category:Writers from the Carolingian Empire. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:46, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:9th-century Frankish writers to Category:Writers from the Carolingian Empire
* Nominator's rationale: merge, overlapping categories, the Carolingian Empire is usually counted from 800 to 888. Marcocapelle (talk) 15:48, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support per nom Mason (talk) 17:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Science centers
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Relisting comment: No consensus yet on the naming convention for the merged categories. Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, –<b style="color:#77b">Laundry</b><b style="color:#fb0">Pizza</b><b style="color:#b00">03</b> ( d c̄ ) 03:41, 23 September 2023 (UTC)
* The result of the discussion was: merge as nominated i.e. merge to the "Science museums" categories. There is consensus for this option over the "Science centres and museums" option, on the basis that it is simpler, that Category:Science museums by country contains more categories that would be made inconsistent by the proposed alt rename, and because there would be little benefit with the alt. (non-admin closure) Qwerfjkl talk 20:04, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:Science centers to Category:Science museums
* Propose merging Category:Science centres in India to Category:Science museums in India
* Propose merging Category:Science centres in the United Kingdom to Category:Science museums in the United Kingdom
* Propose merging Category:Science centres in England to Category:Science museums in England
* Propose merging Category:Science centres in Northern Ireland to Category:Science museums in Northern Ireland
* Propose merging Category:Science centers in Scotland to Category:Science museums in Scotland
* Propose merging Category:Science centres in Wales to Category:Science museums in Wales
* Propose merging Category:Science centers in Taiwan to Category:Science museums in Taiwan
* Nominator's rationale: The difference between a science "center" and a science "museum", while technically hinging on whether it presents science in a "hands-on" experiential or "hands-off" exhibitional manner, isn't always clearcut or unambiguous — even a thing that calls itself a "museum" instead of a "center" can still include at least some "hands-on" content, for example — with the result that individual institutions are frequently categorized as being both things at the same time, or only as a "museum" when "center" would also be warranted. Ultimately, the distinction really has less to do with museums and centers being different things, and more to do with some institutions branding themselves with a different word than other institutions do — but at the very least, it isn't a consistently clear-cut difference that can be reliably categorized for without dispute or debate. We could potentially also consider renaming the target category to encompass both terms, but it's not at all clear that we would need two separate category trees when even the real world doesn't consistently uphold a clear and unequivocal distinction, and even the mainspace title science center itself is just a redirect to science museum rather than its own separate article. Note that any upmerging of the contents should be done in a selective and partial manual fashion, as many (though not necessarily all) of the individual entries are already in an appropriate "Science museums in [Country]" subcategory, and thus should just have the "centers" category removed rather than being duplicate categorized into the parent. Bearcat (talk) 15:22, 11 September 2023 (UTC)
* Comment. What if we renamed them to "Science centers and museums"? Mason (talk) 16:58, 11 September 2023 (UTC)
* That would be fine. I have no strong preference as to whether it should be "centers and museums" or "museums and centers", but I did suggest renaming the target categories as an option — however, either way, I would note that WP:ENGVAR demands "centres" rather than "centers" for the UK and India, although I don't know whether British-English "centre" or American-English "center" would be more consistent with our practices when it comes to Taiwan. And if we do go ahead with renaming, that would also have to encompass the "Science museums in Country" categories that aren't under discussion here because those countries never had a parallel "centers/centres" category created. Bearcat (talk) 13:18, 12 September 2023 (UTC)
* Support Good points. (Sorry I missed the rename suggestion in the text). I think the merge and rename to the broader museum + center/re is worthwhile, especially given the fuzziness. I'm ok with also broadening the parent category to museum + center/re. (I don't care about the ordering; so I'd love if someone did have opinions on that. Mason (talk) 02:35, 13 September 2023 (UTC)
* Well, since (presumably), all science centres/ers are museums, but not all museums are science centres/ers, I think "museums" should be first. Also, if "science" isn't a clear adjective for museums, all museums would be added. So rename/merge to Category:Science museums and centers. (retaining -ers per ENGVAR. The subcats will vary by local usage, per normal.) - jc37 13:01, 14 September 2023 (UTC)
* That makes sense, start with the general term first and then the narrower term second. Bearcat (talk) 11:00, 23 September 2023 (UTC)
* <p class="xfd_relist" style="margin:0 0 0 -1em;border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0px 2em;"> Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Relisting comment: Tagging the "science museums" categories that were listed as targets and are now proposed for renaming. Note that these are only a small subset of Category:Science museums or Category:Science museums by country. Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, – Fayenatic L ondon 10:18, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Merge as nominated (simplest solution) or else to "museums and centers" (having "museums" first, per Jc37). Marcocapelle (talk) 05:47, 23 September 2023 (UTC)
* Merge. I created these categories, but I think the proposed solution makes more sense in hindsight.--KaraLG84 (talk) 11:39, 29 September 2023 (UTC)
* <p class="xfd_relist" style="margin:0 0 0 -1em;border-top: 1px solid #AAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0px 2em;"> Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
* Propose renaming Category:Science museums to Category:Science museums and centers
* Propose renaming Category:Science museums in India to Category:Science museums and centres in India
* Propose renaming Category:Science museums in the United Kingdom to Category:Science museums and centres in the United Kingdom
* Propose renaming Category:Science museums in England to Category:Science museums and centres in England
* Propose renaming Category:Science museums in Northern Ireland to Category:Science museums and centres in Northern Ireland
* Propose renaming Category:Science museums in Scotland to Category:Science museums and centres in Scotland
* Propose renaming Category:Science museums in Wales to Category:Science museums and centres in Wales
* Propose renaming Category:Science museums in Taiwan to Category:Science museums and centers in Taiwan
* Listed as procedural additions to nomination. – Fayenatic L ondon 10:34, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Merge per original nomination. –Aidan721 (talk) 15:07, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Just to re-affirm from my comments above - Rename/Merge to Category:Science museums and centers. Retaining -ers per ENGVAR. The subcats will vary by local usage, per normal, as noted by Fayenatic london, above. - jc37 15:06, 17 October 2023 (UTC)
* Manual merge per original nomination, as the distinction is soft, and all science centres are science museums. There is a List of science centers which is sufficient for navigation of science centres; I have added "See also List of science centers" to all the pages currently categorised as such. As for Category:Space-related tourist attractions, it should only have "see also" links (which I just added) rather than being a subcat. Redirect Category:Science centers. – Fayenatic L ondon 12:24, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
* Merge per original nomination (i.e., centers->museums; do not rename anything). I will not repeat the sound arguments above for why the status quo is undesirable. However, I disagree that these need to be renamed. All centers are museums; we would be sacrificing brevity for no gain in accuracy. HouseBlastertalk 16:55, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:People from Pompeii (ancient city)
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* The result of the discussion was: rename to Category:People from Pompeii. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:45, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose renaming Category:People from Pompeii (ancient city) to Category:People from Pompeii
* Nominator's rationale: Unnecessary disambiguation — the modern equivalent Category:People from Pompei is spelled differently, and Category:Pompeii (Romans) is about a family, the Pompeia gens. Only disambiguated category name related to the ancient Pompeii, apart from the parent Category:Pompeii (ancient city). –<b style="color:#77b">Laundry</b><b style="color:#fb0">Pizza</b><b style="color:#b00">03</b> ( d c̄ ) 06:29, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support. Unnecessary disambiguation: it seems perfectly clear that "people from Pompeii" refers to a place. Even though "Pompeii" by itself could mean more than one thing, other uses would not be worded like this. To be clear, I'm not suggesting that other uses of "Pompeii" are inappropriate for article or category names, or that unlike this category, they require disambiguation; merely that in this instance there is no ambiguity. P Aculeius (talk) 07:22, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support per nom Caeciliusinhorto (talk) 14:53, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support per nom Mason (talk) 17:49, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Painters from the Republic of Venice
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:Painters from the Republic of Venice
Category:9th-century German women
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* The result of the discussion was: rename to Category:9th-century women from East Francia. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:30, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose renaming Category:9th-century German women to Category:9th-century women from East Francia
* Nominator's rationale: rename, East Francia is how it was called in the 9th century, one of the parent categories is correctly Category:9th-century people from East Francia. Marcocapelle (talk) 04:14, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support per nom Mason (talk) 17:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* It occurs to me, it would be useful to leave a redirect. Marcocapelle (talk) 11:27, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Tenochca military leaders
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* The result of the discussion was: delete without prejudice against recreation if it can be populated. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:28, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose deleting tenochca military leaders
* Nominator's rationale: delete for now, currently only one article and it is questionable whether it belongs here. We apparently just know that the subject died in battle. The article is already in Category:Tenochca nobility so there is no reason to merge. Marcocapelle (talk) 04:03, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support per nom Mason (talk) 17:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:American serial killers by state
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:American serial killers by state
Category:French people in French Algeria
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* The result of the discussion was: merge. (non-admin closure) Qwerfjkl talk 09:42, 22 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:French people in French Algeria to Category:French people of colonial Algeria
* Nominator's rationale: overlapping category Mason (talk) 01:42, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Merge, obvious duplicate. Marcocapelle (talk) 03:28, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:People from the New Kingdom of Granada
Relisted, see Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 October 22%23Category:People from the New Kingdom of Granada
Category:Mthethwa people
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* The result of the discussion was: merge to Category:Mthethwa. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:23, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:Mthethwa people to Category:Mthethwa
* Nominator's rationale: 1 page Mason (talk) 01:25, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Merge per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 03:43, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:People from the Khanate of Khiva
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* The result of the discussion was: dual merge to Category:Khanate of Khiva and Category:People from Khwarazm. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:20, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose splitting Category:People from the Khanate of Khiva to Category:Khanate of Khiva and Category:People from Khwarazm
* Nominator's rationale: Unnecessary layer with 1 sub-category, duel merge Mason (talk) 01:21, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Dual merge per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 03:49, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:People from Egbaland
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* The result of the discussion was: merge to Category:Egba people. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:17, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:People from Egbaland to Category:Egba people
* Nominator's rationale: underpopulated, overlapping category Mason (talk) 01:17, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Merge per nom. Marcocapelle (talk) 03:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
Category:Armenian Oriental Orthodox Christians
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* The result of the discussion was: merge to Category:Armenian Apostolic Christians. (non-admin closure) HouseBlastertalk 20:17, 21 October 2023 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:Armenian Oriental Orthodox Christians to Category:Armenian Apostolic Christians
* Nominator's rationale: Although I guess it would be theoretically possible for an Armenian national to be a member of a different Oriental Orthodox church, in practice everyone in this category is a member of the Armenian Apostolic Church. I don't believe that other Oriental Orthodox churches even operate in Armenia. (t · c) buidhe 01:05, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
* Support per nom. Note that this is a downmerge, this should be implemented manually in order to preserve the proper parenting. Marcocapelle (talk) 03:54, 14 October 2023 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Floridan aquifer
The Floridan aquifer system, composed of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, is a sequence of Paleogene carbonate rock which spans an area of about 100,000 sqmi in the southeastern United States. It underlies the entire state of Florida and parts of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina.
The Floridan aquifer system is one of the world's most productive aquifers and supplies drinking water for nearly 10 million people. According to the United States Geological Survey, total withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system in 2000 were ranked 5th highest of all principal aquifers in the nation at 3,640 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) (3,640 e6gal/d). Of the total, 49% (1,949 Mgal/d; 1,949 e6gal/d) was used for irrigation, 33% (1,329 Mgal/d; 1,329 e6gal/d) was used for public water supply, 14% (576 Mgal/d, 576 e6gal/d) was used for industrial purposes, and 4% were domestic self-supplied withdrawals. The Floridan aquifer system is the primary source of drinking water for most cities in central and northern Florida as well as eastern and southern Georgia, including Brunswick, Savannah, and Valdosta.
History
In 1936, geologist Victor Timothy (V.T.) Stringfield first identified the existence of the Floridan Aquifer in peninsular Florida and referred to the carbonate units as the "principal artesian formations." In 1944, M.A. Warren of the Georgia Geological Survey described an extension of this system in south Georgia and applied the term "principal artesian aquifer" to the carbonate units involved. In 1953 and 1966 Stringfield also applied the term "principal artesian aquifer" to these rocks. In 1955, Garald G. Parker noted the hydrologic and lithologic similarities of the Tertiary carbonate formations in southeast Florida, concluded that they represented a single hydrologic unit, and named that unit the "Floridan aquifer". With additional information collection, more zones of high and low hydraulic conductivity have been identified. As a result, the name Floridan Aquifer has evolved into "Floridan aquifer system", which contains the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers.
Withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system began in 1887 when the City of Savannah, Georgia, began to supplement surface water withdrawals from the Savannah River with groundwater. At that time artesian heads in the system were 40 ft above land surface and no pumps were needed; by 1898, it was estimated that between 200 and 300 wells had been finished in South Georgia, and by 1943, about 3,500 wells had been completed in the six coastal counties of Georgia. By around 1910–1912, development of the Floridan aquifer system had already occurred in Fernandina and Jacksonville and south along the east coast of Florida, as well as from Tampa south to Fort Myers on the west coast. Over time, the number of wells increased, as did the finished depths, as demand increased. Industrial supply for pulp and paper mills became a large proportion of the water withdrawn starting in the late 1930s. In the 1950s, all municipal, domestic, and industrial supply (except cooling), and about half of agricultural supply in Orlando, Florida had been converted to groundwater from the Floridan aquifer system. Groundwater withdrawals from the Floridan aquifer system increased steadily from 630 Mgal/d (630 e6gal/d) in 1950 to 3,430 Mgal/d (3,430 e6gal/d) in 1990. Permitting and regulations enacted during the 1990s curtailed the year-on-year increases in withdrawal; however, withdrawals in 2000 increased to 4,020 Mgal/d (4,020 e6gal/d) due to extreme drought conditions between 1999 and 2001 that prevailed over much of the Southeastern United States. Much of the increase was due to increased agricultural demand.
Location
The Floridan aquifer system spans an area of about 100000 mi2 in the southeastern United States and underlies all of Florida and parts of southern Alabama, southeastern Georgia, and southern South Carolina. The Upper Floridan aquifer contains freshwater over much of its extent, though is brackish and saline south of Lake Okeechobee.
The Floridan aquifer system crops out in central and southern Georgia where the limestone, and its weathered byproducts, are present at land surface. The aquifer system generally dips below the land surface to the south where it becomes buried beneath surficial sand deposits and clay. In areas depicted in brown in the image at the right, the Floridan aquifer system crops out and is again exposed at land surface. These regions are particularly prone to sinkhole activity due to the proximity of the karstified limestone aquifer to land surface. Some of the fractures/conduits within the aquifer are large enough for scuba divers to swim through.
Hydrology and geology
The carbonate rocks that form the Floridan aquifer system are of late Paleocene to early Oligocene age and are overlain by low-permeability clays of Miocene age (upper confining unit) and surficial sands of Pliocene and Holocene age (surficial aquifer system). In west-central Florida, north Florida, and along the updip margin of the system, the limestone crops out and the aquifer system is unconfined. Where low-permeability clays of the upper confining unit are present and substantial, the system is confined and groundwater is contained under pressure. The upper confining unit is particularly thick in Coastal Georgia and South Florida; downward leakage of water through the upper confining unit in these areas is minimal and the Floridan aquifer system is thickly confined. Low permeability limestone rocks of Paleocene age (e.g. Cedar Keys Formation) form the base of the Floridan aquifer system. The Floridan aquifer system ranges in thickness from less than 100 ft in updip areas where the rocks pinch out to more than 3,700 ft in southwestern Florida. Recharge, flow, and natural discharge in the Floridan aquifer system are largely controlled by the degree of confinement provided by upper confining units, the interaction of streams and rivers with the aquifer in its unconfined areas, and the interaction between fresh and saline water along the coastlines.
Where the Floridan aquifer system is at or near land surface (areas shaded brown in image above), clays are thin or absent and dissolution of the limestone is intensified and many springs and sinkholes are apparent. Transmissivity of the aquifer in karstified areas such as these is much higher owing to the development of large, well-connected conduits within the rock (see image at right). Springs form where the water pressure is great enough for the groundwater to flow out on the land surface. More than 700 springs have been mapped in Florida. Wakulla Springs in Wakulla County is one of a number of major outflows of the aquifer with a flow rate of 200 – of water per day. A record peak flow from the spring on April 11, 1973, was measured at 14324 USgal per second – equal to undefined e9gal per day.
The Floridan aquifer system is composed of two main aquifers: the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Lower Floridan aquifer. These aquifers are separated by sediments that range from low-permeability clays in the panhandle (Bucatunna Clay) and low-permeability dolomites and gypsiferous anhydrite in west-central Florida to permeable limestones along the east coast of Florida and elsewhere. Where these intervening sediments and rock are permeable, the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers behave as a single unit. Conversely, where the intervening sediments are less permeable, there is less hydraulic connection between the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers.
Upper Floridan aquifer
The Upper Floridan aquifer is the main source of water withdrawn from the Floridan aquifer system due to high yields and proximity to land surface. Groundwater in the Upper Floridan is fresh in most areas, though locally may be brackish or saline, particularly in coastal areas with saltwater intrusion problems, and in South Florida. The Upper Floridan aquifer includes the uppermost or shallowest permeable zones in the Floridan aquifer system. In the northern half of the study area, this aquifer behaves as a single hydrogeologic unit and is undifferentiated. In the southern half of the study area, including most of central and southern Florida, the Upper Floridan aquifer is thick and can be differentiated into three distinct zones, namely the uppermost permeable zone, the Ocala Lower-Permeability Zone, and the Avon Park Permeable Zone.
The base of the Upper Floridan aquifer is marked by two composite units (see below) and one confining unit in the middle part of the Floridan aquifer system: the Lisbon-Avon Park Composite Unit or the Middle Avon Park Composite Unit, and the Bucatunna Clay Confining Unit. In updip areas, the base of the Upper Floridan is either coincident with the top of the confining units above the Claiborne, Lisbon, or Gordon aquifers, or it lies above any clay bed that marks the boundary between mostly carbonate and mostly clastic units or previously mapped numbered MCUs of Miller (1986). If one or more evaporite units are present, such as middle confining unit MCUIII near Valdosta in south-central Georgia (Miller, 1986) or MCUII in southwestern Florida (Miller, 1986), the base of the Upper Floridan aquifer is coincident with the top of the evaporite unit. In regions where no distinct lower permeability unit is known to be present, the base of the Upper Floridan is extrapolated along a horizon that allows for a stratigraphic grouping of permeable rock into the upper or lower parts of the aquifer system. In southeastern Alabama, northern Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, the stratigraphic units are grouped into the Lisbon-Avon Park Composite Unit. In peninsular Florida, this horizon is coincident with one or more evaporite-bearing or non-evaporite-bearing units of the Middle Avon Park Composite Unit. In the panhandle of Florida and southwest Alabama, the base is coincident with the top of the Bucatunna Clay Confining Unit.
Middle Confining and Composite Units
The hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system was revised by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2015. The extent of the system was revised to include some of the updip clastic facies which grade laterally into the Lower Floridan aquifer and have been previously included in the Southeastern Coastal Plain aquifer system, the Floridan aquifer system, or both. A new method for dividing the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers was proposed and a new term, "composite unit", was introduced to refer to regionally extensive litho-stratigraphic units of rock, previously classified as one of eight "Middle Confining Units" by Miller (1986), which have been found to be neither confining nor permeable across their entire extents. Three regionally mapable litho-stratigraphic units are used to consistently divide the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifer in the revised framework: the Bucatunna Clay Confining Unit, the Middle Avon Park Composite Unit, and the Lisbon-Avon Park Composite Unit. The Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers behave as a single hydrogeologic unit in areas where these composite units are leaky.
Lower Floridan aquifer
The Lower Floridan aquifer is generally less permeable than the Upper Floridan aquifer and the water produced can be highly mineralized and/or saline; however, the Lower Floridan aquifer is relatively fresh water to the base of the system in central Florida and in updip areas of central and southern Georgia and Alabama. A new basal permeable zone is mapped throughout the Florida peninsula, and slightly into southeastern Georgia, that incorporates the previously established Boulder Zone and Fernandina permeable zone; this more extensive unit is called the Oldsmar permeable zone. The Oldsmar permeable zone appears to have higher permeability, far greater than the cavernous areas of the Boulder and Fernandina permeable zones, and contains freshwater in the central peninsula area. This newly delineated areally extensive basal unit containing freshwater may influence the movement of freshwater water through the deepest part of the aquifer system toward the discharge areas. The Oldsmar permeable zone, which is part of the Lower Floridan aquifer, is of interest because it may be an important alternative source of water where it is confined (and isolated) beneath the Upper Floridan aquifer and may be important to the offshore movement of groundwater in areas previously unknown.
General hydraulic characteristics
The carbonate rocks that compose the Floridan aquifer system have highly variable hydraulic properties, including porosity and permeability. Transmissivity within the aquifer system has been reported over a range of more than six orders of magnitude, from less than 8 ft2/d (8 sqft/d) to greater than 9,000,000 ft2/d (9000000 sqft/d), with the majority of values ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 ft2/d (10000 to(-)). Where the aquifer is unconfined or thinly confined, infiltrating water dissolves the rock and transmissivity tends to be relatively high. Where the aquifer is thickly confined, less dissolution occurs and transmissivity tends to be lower. In the first regional map depicting transmissivity variation across the aquifer, Miller (1986) showed that transmissivity values exceed 250,000 ft2/d (250000 sqft/d) where the aquifer system is either unconfined or thinly confined. In areas where the aquifer is thickly confined, Miller (1986) indicated lower transmissivity was related primarily to textural changes and secondarily to the thickness of the rocks. Micritic limestone in southern Florida and in the updip outcrop areas was identified as having much lower transmissivity than elsewhere in the system.
Sinkholes
Sinkholes are common where the rock below the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock, salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be dissolved by groundwater circulating through them. As the rock dissolves, spaces and caverns develop underground. If there is not enough support for the land above the spaces then a sudden collapse of the land surface can occur. These collapses can be small or they can be huge and can occur where a house or road is on top.
Sinkholes can be classified on the basis of the processes by which they are formed: dissolution, cover-subsidence, and cover-collapse. Formation of sinkholes can be accelerated by intense withdrawals of groundwater over short periods of time, such as those caused by pumping for frost-protection of winter crops in west-central Florida. Sinkholes that developed beneath gypsum stacks in 1994 and 2016 caused a loss of millions of gallons mineralized water containing phosphogypsum and phosphoric acid, by-products of the production of fertilizer from phosphate rock. These sinkholes were likely formed from the collapse of preexisting dissolution cavities in the limestone beneath the stacks. Lake Jackson near Tallahassee, FL occasionally drains into a sinkhole in the bottom of the lake bed when water levels in the aquifer drop. Dover Sinkhole, located along the Peace River near Bartow, FL, was witnessed draining about 10 Mgal/d (10 e6gal/d) of water from the Peace River during June 2006.
Springs
There are 824 springs inventoried across the Floridan aquifer system of which 751 are located in Florida, 17 in Alabama, and 56 in Georgia. Springs are classified according to median value of all available discharge measurements. In Florida, there are 33 magnitude 1 springs, the more notable of which include:
* Spring Creek (Wakulla County)
* Three Sisters Springs (Citrus County)
* Silver Springs (Marion County)
* Rainbow Springs (Marion County)
* Wakulla Spring (Wakulla County)
* Wacissa Spring Group (Jefferson County)
* Ichetucknee Springs (Columbia County)
* Weeki Wachee Springs (Hernando County)
* Juniper Springs (Marion County)
In Georgia, there is only one magnitude 1 spring, Radium Spring, which no longer flows during drought conditions; there are also six magnitude 2 and five magnitude 3 springs. The largest of the 17 springs in Alabama are three magnitude 3 springs; there are no springs in South Carolina of magnitude 3 or higher.
Many springs are known to exist offshore in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, however the magnitude of discharge from these springs is largely unknown. Crescent Beach spring, located approximately 2.5 mi offshore of Crescent Beach, Florida, was estimated to flow at a rate of up to 1,500 cuft/s, or undefined cuft/d. | WIKI |
Canadian National Railway Beats on Q1 Earnings - Analyst Blog
Canadian National Railway ( CNI ) reported first-quarter 2014 adjusted earnings per share of 66 Canadian cents (approximately 60 cents), beating the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 58 cents. The results also increased 8% year over year on higher freight rates and volumes.
Quarterly revenues increased 9% year over year to C$2,693 million (approximately $2,443 million) and surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $2,511 million. The year-over-year growth was attributable to favourable currency fluctuations, higher freight pricing, volumes and fuel surcharge.
On a year-over-year basis, revenues increased 23% for Petroleum and Chemicals, 12% for Intermodal, 7% each for Coal as well as Metals and Minerals, and 6% for Grain and Fertilizers. Forest Products revenue remained flat year over year and revenues from Automotive dropped 4%.
Carloads (volumes) increased 1% year over year and revenue ton miles (RTMs), which measures the relative weight and distance of rail freight transported by Canadian National, moved up 5% from the year-ago quarter.
Operating Statistics
In the first quarter, adjusted operating income improved 5% year over year to C$820 million (approximately $744 million), despite operating expenses increasing 11% year over year to C$1,873 million (approximately $1,699 million). Operating ratio (defined as operating expenses as a percentage of revenues) was 69.6%, up 120 basis points.
Liquidity
As of Mar 31, 2014, Canadian National had cash and cash equivalents of C$198 million (approximately $179 million). The company had long-term debt of C$7,287 million (approximately $6,612 million), representing a debt-to-total capitalization ratio of 38.5%, down from 40.0% in the year-ago quarter. Free cash flow was C$494 million (approximately $448 million) in the first quarter.
Outlook
Canadian National reaffirmed its outlook for 2014.
The company expects double-digit earnings growth for the full year and free cash flow in the range of C$1.6-C$1.7 billion.
Canadian National expects carload growth in the mid single-digit range. However, capital expenditure is projected at around C$2.25 billion, higher than previously estimated $2.21 billion.
For 2014, Canadian National projects a 3% year-over-year increase in industrial production in North America. It also expects U.S. housing starts at around 1.1 million units and U.S. motor vehicles sales of approximately 16 million units.
The company expects U.S. 2013/2014 grain crop to remain above the five-year average and also projects Canadian 2013/2014 grain crop to witness similar growth. In addition, 2014/2015 grain crops in both the countries are anticipated in line with the five-year average.
Further, Canadian National expects CAD/USD exchange rate of approximately $0.90-$0.95 and the price of crude oil (West Texas Intermediate) in the $95-$105 per barrel range.
Dividend
Canadian National's board of directors approved quarterly dividend payment to 25 Canadian cents, to be paid on Jun 30, 2014, to shareholders of record at the close of business on Jun 9.
Our Analysis
We believe Canadian National is well poised to reap benefits from improving demand and pricing trends. The company's industry-leading operating ratio, service improvements and expected growth across the board, particularly in Intermodal and Crude, bode well for its projected earnings growth over the next few months.
However, several headwinds such as competitive threats from Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. ( CP ), Union Pacific Corp. ( UNP ) and Kansas City Southern ( KSU ), uncertainties in the market condition of some of the product lines and downturn in the economy may limit the upside potential of the stock.
Canadian National currently has a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold).
CDN NATL RY CO (CNI): Free Stock Analysis Report
CDN PAC RLWY (CP): Free Stock Analysis Report
KANSAS CITY SOU (KSU): Free Stock Analysis Report
UNION PAC CORP (UNP): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Complete Peerage Ed 1 Vol 4.djvu/312
314 ILCHESTER — 1NCHIQTJIN. [Giles Stephen Holland Fox-Strangways, styled I.oud Stavordale, h. 31 May 1874 ; ed.at Eton.] Family Eatates. These in 1 8 83, consisted of IS, 981 acres in Dorset; 13,169 in Somerset j 2,133 in Wilts and 1,566 ill Devon. Total, 35,8-19 acres, worth £43,4:72 a year. Principal Residences, Mellany House and Abbotsbury Castle, hoth near Dorchester, Dorset ; liedlynch House, near BrutOD, Somerset ; and Holland House, (") in Kensington, Midx. ILMINGTON. i.e. " Hicks of Ilmington, eo. 'Warwick, " Barony (Hicks), er. 1628 (with a spec, rem.) with the Viscouhtcy of Caj:pden, which see ; ex. (together with the Earldom of Gainsborough) 1798. IMANNKY. i.e., "Imanney" Barony [I.] (Bottrke), cr. 1628, with the Vis- countct OF Galway [I.], which Bee ; dormant 1657. IMBERCOURT. i.e., "Carlton of Imbercourt, co. Surrey," Barony (Gar/ton), er. 1626 ; see "Dokchester " Viscountcy, cr. 1628 ; both dignities ex. 163D 1M0KILLY. See "Ponsonby of Imokilly, co. Cork,'' Barony (Ponsonby), cr. 1806 ; ex. 1866. See " Ponsonby of Imokili.y, co. Cork," Viscountcy (Ponsonby), er. 1836 ; ex. 1855. INCHICRONAX. See "Fitz-Gekald and Yesey of Clare and of Inchichonan, to. Clare," Barony [I.] (Fitz-Gerald), cr. 1826 ; ex. 1860. JNCHIQUIN. Barony [I.] 1, Mubrough 0'BRiEN,( b ) King or Prince, ofThomond I 1543 t^J' ^ son °^ TontOOH Donn, King, or Phince, of Thojiond afsd. [1499-1528], by Kaghnailt, da. of John Mackamaha, of Clancuilen, having been from 1531 (after the death of his elder br., Douogh), " Tavist " (i.e., next in succession) to that dominion, sue. his eldest br., Counor( c ) therein, in 1539, and, tho' at first joining with other Irish chiefs against the English, very shortly afterwards resigned into the King's( d ) hands in June 1543 his " captainship, title, superiority, and country," covenanting " utterly to forsake and (») As to Holland House, see p 240, note " b," sub " Holland." ( b ) The best account of this race is the '.' Historical memoirs of the O'Briens," by John O'Donoghue, 8vo., Dublin, 1860. ( c ) " With Conor O'Brien terminated the regal period of the descendants of Brian Boroimhe. This race which for more than a century after the battle of Clontarf [1014] had given Monarchs to Ireland (with more or less of acquiescence on the part of the other Princes of the island) and had from the 12th to the 16th century (in spite of the utmost efforts of English Governors) maintained substantial authority in the limited district of Thomond was now to descend into the rank of Nobility and lead their turbulent and warlike tribes into the paths of order and obedience to the crown of England." See note " b " next above. ( d ) It is to be observed that in 1541 it was enacted that King Henry VIII. and his successors should have the style and title of King of Ireland. | WIKI |
Traumatic brain injury: know the facts
News and info hub
Traumatic brain injury: know the facts
Globally brain injuries account for at least one death every seven minutes. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults. Such injuries may be caused by a blow to the head, leading to a serious condition called traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here’s what you need to know.
A TBI is a sudden injury to the brain caused by a jolt to the head. Globally, more than 5% of people who’ve been involved in an accident or have received a blow to the head suffered a TBI.
Furthermore, an estimated 89,000 new traumatic brain injuries are reported annually in South Africa.
According to Dr Riyas Fadal, Life Rehabilitation’s Clinical Manager, a TBI may be caused by a bump or blow to the head (closed head injury) or by an object penetrating the skull (called a penetrating injury). In some instances, where a vehicle comes to a sudden stop, the sudden deceleration shakes the driver or passenger’s brain. This usually results in shearing of the brain tissues, as well as injuries from the brain itself impacting against the inner wall of the skull. The jarring of the brain within the cranium also leads to swelling and nerve cells dying. Because these injuries may not be visible to the eye, they are commonly overlooked.
TBI categories
TBI can be classified into three categories: mild, moderate and severe.
Symptoms could include:
1. Mild
The person is awake; eyes open. Symptoms can include confusion, disorientation, memory loss, headache and brief loss of consciousness.
2. Moderate
The person is lethargic; eyes open to stimulation. Loss of consciousness lasting 20 minutes to six hours. Some brain swelling or bleeding causing sleepiness, but still arousable.
3. Severe
The person is unconscious; eyes do not open, even with stimulation. Loss of consciousness lasting more than six hours.
Types of TBI
Danny Joelson, Therapy Unit Manager at the Life Rehabilitation Unit based at Life New Kensington Clinic in Johannesburg, says there are four primary mechanisms of TBI:
• Direct impact: This could include hitting the ground or a windscreen with your head.
• Sudden or rapid acceleration and deceleration: The head is forced forwards or backwards violently, without direct impact to the head.
• Penetrating injury and blast injury: A penetrating injury would be inflicted by a missile and blast injuries are seen in mine-working accidents.
Danny says that multiple TBI events can have long-term effects on both adults and children. ‘In the adult, multiple TBI incidents will cause more physical symptoms, including headaches, tinnitus, balance issues and general fatigue.
‘The child, on the other hand, has a brain that is still developing all its “wiring”, which can be disrupted in some way following each episode, which leaves the child with more serious future issues to deal with – including learning and behavioural difficulties.’
Concussion and TBI
A concussion is a contributing factor to TBI. The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine lists the signs and symptoms of a concussion as:
• Physical: Headache, nausea, vomiting, balance problems, dizziness, visual problems, fatigue, sensitivity to light and/or noise, numbness or tingling, feeling dazed or stunned.
• Emotional: Irritation, sadness, heightened emotional levels, nervousness.
• Cognitive: Feeling mentally ‘foggy’, having difficulty concentrating, memory problems, confusion about recent events, answering questions slowly, repeating questions.
• Sleep: Sleeping more or less than usual, or experiencing difficulty in falling or staying asleep.
Preventing concussion:
• Helmets can reduce the risk of brain injury or skull fracture.
• Wear a seat belt every time you drive or ride in a motor vehicle – this also applies to infants and children.
• Use mouth guards and helmets during sport or recreational activities.
• Try to avoid falls by being aware of potential risks.
TBI treatment
Dr Fadal says that an interdisciplinary team approach to managing TBIs is important and every member of the team will make an important contribution, e.g. the interventions by an occupational therapist (OT), which should start from day one.
‘The OT can be involved in the ICU with positioning, providing splints for maintaining good positioning and range of movement as well as sensory stimulation, if the patient is unconscious,’ he says.
‘If the patient is conscious, the OT plays a role in monitoring the patient’s level of awareness and responsiveness according to the Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning.’
Danny concurs that a serious TBI should always be treated by an interdisciplinary team and that it should involve physiotherapy, too. She also says that social work and psychology are also vital for the support of both the person and the family.
The information is shared on condition that readers will make their own determination, including seeking advice from a healthcare professional. E&OE. Life Healthcare Group Ltd does not accept any responsibility for any loss or damage suffered by the reader as a result of the information provided. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Export to Excel - wrong extention (.csv).
Export to Excel - wrong extention (.csv).
CorranCorran Posts: 10Questions: 0Answers: 0
edited February 2011 in TableTools
The new TableTools 2.0 is great but I discovered a strange bug.
When you select Export to Excel (even in the example on this very site: http://www.datatables.net/release-datatables/extras/TableTools/index.html) the filename given ends with .csv (in the above case it's TableTools example.csv).
Renaming it manually to .xls works fine but this will be beyond the skillset of many people unfortunately.
The downloaded file is different from the CSV option though, the file size and content are not the same.
Replies
• max4evermax4ever Posts: 45Questions: 0Answers: 0
if you look in tabletools.js (the uncompressed version)
there is this part
[code]
"xls": {
"sAction": "flash_save",
"sCharSet": "utf16le",
"bBomInc": true,
"sFileName": "*.csv",
"sFieldBoundary": "",
"sFieldSeperator": "\t",
"sNewLine": "auto",
"sTitle": "",
"sToolTip": "",
"sButtonClass": "DTTT_button_xls",
"sButtonClassHover": "DTTT_button_xls_hover",
"sButtonText": "Excel",
"mColumns": "all",
"bHeader": true,
"bFooter": true,
"fnMouseover": null,
"fnMouseout": null,
"fnClick": function( nButton, oConfig, flash ) {
this.fnSetText( flash, this.fnGetTableData(oConfig) );
},
"fnSelect": null,
"fnComplete": null,
"fnInit": null
},
...
[/code]
so basically you can do it like this (i tried and it works)
[code]
"oTableTools": {
"sSwfPath": "/flash/copy_cvs_xls_pdf.swf",
"aButtons": [
{
"sExtends": "xls",
"sButtonText": "<?php echo $this->translate('xls tabella')?>",
"sFileName": "*.xls"
},
....
[/code]
that is you use "sFileName": "*.xls"
• GregPGregP Posts: 487Questions: 8Answers: 0
Are the two files not actually the same? I was wondering about this myself. It seems to me that the "Excel" sheet is just a CSV, which Excel can also read. The main benefit of changing the extension would be for the user's machine to open the proper helper application (Excel); but for Excel users, it's also usually the default for CSV.
I'm currently disabling export to "excel" and letting Excel users just open the CSV. But if there's an actual format difference between the two, I might re-enable it and use the above suggestion.
• allanallan Posts: 55,849Questions: 1Answers: 8,823 Site admin
edited February 2011
Greg is exactly right here - the Excel export is a little bit of a cheat since it's really outputting a CSV file (with UTF-16LE BO), which Excel will open no problem (and open by default on most systems). It's perfectly possible to use the .xls extension instead, however some versions of Excel will give a warning saying that the file is not in xls format (which it isn't - so fair enough). There was some concern that end users didn't like this (which I agree with), so I chose to use the .csv extension, which should have as small as possible impact on the end user (particularly non-technical ones).
It is perfectly possible to write xls files, I just need to get the time to read, understand and reproduce the format - it is on the to-do list :-)
Regards,
Allan
• talkitivewizardtalkitivewizard Posts: 30Questions: 0Answers: 0
edited March 2011
If you want to do the 2007/2010 format, it would be VERY simple seeing as it is just xml. I've done lots of work with powerpoints and have gotten to look at the file formats for all office documents. Maybe I can give you a hand on this part at some point. I'll just have to sit down and learn your framework for saving files from JS using flash.
From one Allan to another Allan :P
Allan Chappell
• allanallan Posts: 55,849Questions: 1Answers: 8,823 Site admin
Aren't the xlsx files zip compressed in a certain directory structure? Or is it just an uncompressed XML stream? I don't actually have Office available at the moment, so perhaps someone might be able to send me a XML file which Excel can open so I can reproduce the format?
Allan
• talkitivewizardtalkitivewizard Posts: 30Questions: 0Answers: 0
your first assumption is actually correct. There's alot to the SpreadsheetML. Here's alink to the reference http://dl.dropbox.com/u/7177934/Ebooks/2427191-Office-Open-XML-Part-4-Markup-Language-Reference.pdf.
Also a quick more picture filled guide
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/7177934/Ebooks/Open%2BXML%2BExplained.pdf
and lastly, an xlsx file that you can have fun with... just use winrar, or your favorite archive utility to unzip it... it's just a standard zip.
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/7177934/tracking_report_476.xlsx
I hope this helps
• allanallan Posts: 55,849Questions: 1Answers: 8,823 Site admin
Cool thanks very much! It looks like that although Flash has built in ZIP compression for ByteArrays it doesn't do directory structures - so I'll probably need an external library for that kind of thing. Its not going to be trivial I suspect, since it looks like more than just creating an XML file, which would be dead easy... So it goes :-)
Allan
• talkitivewizardtalkitivewizard Posts: 30Questions: 0Answers: 0
edited March 2011
Sorry about miss leading you in anyway. I'm used to using PHP or C# to perform tasks. JS is not my strongest of languages, however, it has prepared me and spoiled me to the functionality that finally came out in PHP5.3 with anonymous functions and closures. (not that php5.3 has closures really but JS does! :D)
Good luck, and you're welcome. Thank you for providing such a cool product. Many a site would be bland and less user friendly if it wasn't for you.
This discussion has been closed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 28, 1917.djvu/403
in regard to Easter Island. 369
regions being other than merely fortuitous. The heavy, overhanging brow, the long, upward-curving nose, the protruding lips and prominent chin of the Rapanui statues all find a parallel in the figures from the Solomon Islands. The distended ear-lobe is usually very marked in the more strictly human figures from the latter group. It is true that the eyes are nearly always indicated in the Solomon Islands (usually by inset pieces of pearl-shell), but occasion- ally they are omitted and are merely suggested by the shadows cast by the overhanging brow, as, for instance, in the specimen shown in Fig. 14. which in this respect adds another point of similarity to the Easter Island statues, which are eyeless.
Lastly, in connection with these statues, I have a sug- gestion to make in regard to the so-called " hats," or " crowns." These, as I have already mentioned, are huge cylinders of red volcanic ash or tufa, which were placed on the tops of the heads of some of the cfiigies. Now, if these merely represented hats or other head-gear, it is difficult to see why the natives did not carve them out of the rock in one piece with the statues. That would have been an easy and obvious method of arriving at an adequate result where only a hat was intended. Why, then, did they take the trouble to go nearly across the island to another crater in the Teraai Hills (some 7 miles or so from Rano Roraku, where the statues themselves were hewn out), in order to employ as material for the " hats " a special kind of very rough rock, a vesicular red tufa 1 I wish to urge as a tentative and heterodox suggestion, that the reason was that these red cylinders were not intended to represent hats at all, but hair. The selection of a particularly rough, vesicular rock for such a purpose would be natural enough ; but I may be asked, why should a red material be specially used, when the normal native hair-colour would be black or very dark.
To find an explanation of this, we may again turn to the | WIKI |
User:VinayMathur
The Center for Preparedness (CCEP) - is a federally incorporated, non-for-profit organization that encourages and promotes disaster management elements and practices to organizations, communities, and individuals in both the public and private sectors. CCEP's aim is to reduce the risk, impact and cost of technological, natural and/or human-induced disasters.
Established in 1993, CCEP's main objectives are to increase awareness of the many risks and disasters that are prevalent, and variable, in a variety of situations; promoting the need for appropriate disaster management plans; and to communicate information on the availability of professional resources and expertise, as well as technology. Additionally, CCEP looks to foster soundly researched public policy that reflects the interests of a more disruption resilient global economy, while also influencing government policy in a positive, visible, consistent and representative manner.
The core philosophy of CCEP is to ensure that organizations and individuals in their respective sectors have the ability to mitigate disruptions that affect economic sustainability/viability, thus affecting the health of global economies as a whole.
B-ReadyNow is CCEP's multi-step program that guides small business owners through the process of knowing the risks and impacts associated with their business. B-ReadyNow provides the tools and resources necessary to help small business owners develop strategic plans to ensure that they are prepared for all types of business disruptions.
Key features to this program include:
* Time sensitive advice
* Learning and coaching tools
* 24/7 Web-based plan builder with templates
* Webcast of Steps to Preparedness
Individual Preparedness
With regard to individual preparedness, CCEP supports GetPrepared.ca, a federal program that has tools and templates to develop a family emergency plan. The steps that are included here to make a proper plan include:
* Knowing your risks
* Making a plan
* Getting a "kit"
Small Business Preparedness
For Small Business Preparedness, CCEP provides a six step outline that enables small business owners to create a plan:
* Step 1: Know Your Risks
* Step 2: Know the Impact
* Step 3: Strategies
* Step 4: Communications
* Step 5: The PLAN
* Step 6: Review and Exercise | WIKI |
Retinal ganglion cells responses and activity (Tsai et al 2012, Guo et al 2016)
Download zip file
Help downloading and running models
Accession:260653
From the abstracts: "Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which survive in large numbers following neurodegenerative diseases, could be stimulated with extracellular electric pulses to elicit artificial percepts. How do the RGCs respond to electrical stimulation at the sub-cellular level under different stimulus configurations, and how does this influence the whole-cell response? At the population level, why have experiments yielded conflicting evidence regarding the extent of passing axon activation? We addressed these questions through simulations of morphologically and biophysically detailed computational RGC models on high performance computing clusters. We conducted the analyses on both large-field RGCs and small-field midget RGCs. ...", "... In this study, an existing RGC ionic model was extended by including a hyperpolarization activated non-selective cationic current as well as a T-type calcium current identified in recent experimental findings. Biophysically-defined model parameters were simultaneously optimized against multiple experimental recordings from ON and OFF RGCs. ...
References:
1 . Guo T, Tsai D, Morley JW, Suaning GJ, Kameneva T, Lovell NH, Dokos S (2016) Electrical activity of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells: a modelling study. J Neural Eng 13:025005 [PubMed]
2 . Tsai D, Chen S, Protti DA, Morley JW, Suaning GJ, Lovell NH (2012) Responses of retinal ganglion cells to extracellular electrical stimulation, from single cell to population: model-based analysis. PLoS One 7:e53357 [PubMed]
Model Information (Click on a link to find other models with that property)
Model Type: Synapse; Extracellular;
Brain Region(s)/Organism: Retina;
Cell Type(s): Retina ganglion GLU cell;
Channel(s):
Gap Junctions:
Receptor(s):
Gene(s):
Transmitter(s):
Simulation Environment: NEURON;
Model Concept(s): Oscillations; Activity Patterns; Development;
Implementer(s): Tsai, David [d.tsai at unsw.edu.au];
Search NeuronDB for information about: Retina ganglion GLU cell;
{load_file("rgc-121203.hoc")}
// normal distribution jitter for somatic location
objref rand
rand = new Random()
rand.normal(0, 25)
// deterministic grid positions
// DX = 70
// DY = -140
// CX = 120
// CY = 50
DX = 90
DY = -140
CX = 120
CY = 50
offCells = 0
// construct tile of cells
objref off[24]
proc placeCell() { local col, row
col = $1
row = $2
xjit = rand.repick()
yjit = rand.repick()
off[offCells] = new RGC121203(CX*col + DX*row + xjit, CY*col + DY*row + yjit, 0)
// print offCells, CX*col + DX*row + xjit, CY*col + DY*row + yjit
offCells += 1
}
proc createOffTile() {
for col = 0,5 {
rand.repick()
for row = 0,3 {
if (col == 0 && row == 0) {
// drop 1st of col 0
} else if (col == 0 && row == 3) {
// drop last of col 0
} else if ((col == 4 || col == 5) && row == 0) {
// drop 1st of col 4, 5 and 6
} else if (col == 5 && row == 3) {
// drop last of col 6
} else {
placeCell(col, row)
}
}
}
}
Loading data, please wait... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
CITIZENS FOR SMART GROWTH, a Florida Non Profit Corporation, Odias Smith, an individual, Kathie Smith, an individual, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. SECRETARY OF the DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, J. Richard Capka, Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, Division Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, Florida Division, Florida Department of Transportation, Secretary Stephanie C. Kopelousos, Defendants-Appellees.
No. 11-11056.
United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.
Feb. 6, 2012.
Janelle Eurick Bauer, Maria E. Heckel, Jeffrey W. Appel, Ray Quinney & Nebeker, PC, Salt Lake City, UT, Virginia Sherlock, Littman, Sherlock & Heims, PA, Stuart, FL, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.
Brian C. Toth, ENRD, DOJ, Washington, DC, Wifredo A. Ferrer, Anne R. Schultz, Miami, FL, Steven R. Petri, Asst. U.S. Atty., Beverly A. Pohl, Barbara Viota-Sawiseh, Broad & Cassel, Fort Lauder-dale, FL, Marc Allen Peoples, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL, Daniel Deon Richardson, Lewis, Longman & Walker, PA, Jacksonville, FL, for Defendants-Appellees.
Before WILSON and COX, Circuit Judges, and RESTANI, Judge.
Honorable Jane A. Restani, Judge, United States Court of International Trade, sitting by designation.
WILSON, Circuit Judge:
This appeal concerns the actions and decisions of the Federal Highway Administration (“FHWA”) and the Secretary of the Florida Department of Transportation (“FDOT”) during the planning and development of the Indian Street Bridge Project in Martin County, Florida. Appellants Odias Smith, Katie Smith, and Citizens for Smart Growth (collectively, “Citizens”) brought suit under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 701-706, alleging that FHWA and FDOT violated both the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (“NEPA”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 4321-1347, and Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act (“Section 4(f)”), 49 U.S.C. § 303, during development of the project. Citizens also requested an injunction to stop construction of the bridge. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of FHWA and FDOT and denied the injunction. After review of the extensive 10,000-page administrative record in this case, we affirm the district court.
I. Background
In 1998, FDOT began the planning and decision process that led up to the construction of the Indian Street Bridge in Martin County. Responding to Martin County’s desire for an additional crossing of the St. Lucie River for traffic relief and evacuation purposes, FDOT began investigating possible improvements to the State Road 714 corridor. FDOT presented the findings of this investigation in the Feasibility Study Report (“Feasibility Study”) of 1998. The Feasibility Study considered one corridor — the existing four-lane Palm City Bridge on State Road 714 — and evaluated three alternatives within this corridor: a No-Build Alternative, a Six-Lane Alternative, and an Eight-Lane Alternative. The study concluded that widening the bridge would require taking Section 4(f) properties, possibly exceed noise máximums, potentially negatively impact the environment, and possibly affect Superfund sites along the corridor. Additionally, only the Eight-Lane option provided the level of service required in design year 2026, but this option was barred by FDOT policy regarding lane máximums on state highways. The Feasibility Study concluded that the No-Build Alternative was the “best” alternative of those examined but recommended that other alternatives (including an additional bridge crossing) be considered to address the traffic concerns.
FDOT then prepared the New Bridge Crossing Alternative Corridor Report (“Corridor Report”), released in March 2001. The Corridor Report examined seven potential corridors for a river crossing and one tunnel alternative and evaluated each option on the basis of cost, traffic service levels, engineering factors, environmental impacts (noise, air quality, wetlands impact, endangered species impact, and potential contamination), and socioeconomic factors (public opinion, Section 4(f) impacts, future development, sustainability, and community cohesion). As part of this analysis, the Corridor Report also took into account that the Martin County Metropolitan Planning Organization had unanimously endorsed the Indian Street Corridor and voted to prohibit widening State Road 714. The Corridor Report concluded that Corridor Three, the Indian Street Crossing, was the best alternative because it had scored highest on the evaluation matrix.
Following the completion of the Corridor Report, the FHWA prepared a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (“EIS”) as required by NEPA; distributed it to federal, state, and local agencies for notice and comment; and published it in the Federal Register. Citizens submitted an alternative (“Citizens’s Alternative”) during this comment period, proposing a combination of traffic management mechanisms and road improvements rather than construction of a new bridge. Appellees analyzed Citizens’s Alternative, but they ultimately rejected it because it did not provide another corridor across the river — desirable for emergencies and evacuations — or reduce traffic to the extent desired. On July 6, 2006, FHWA issued the Final EIS (“FEIS”), which incorporated by reference the findings of the Feasibility Study and the Corridor Report. On October 19, 2006, FHWA signed a Record of Decision (“ROD”), responding to the comments to the FEIS and approving the project. The Feasibility Study, Corridor Report, FEIS, and ROD were made available to the public.
Citizens filed suit on April 20, 2007, alleging that Appellees violated NEPA and Section 4(f) in their development of the Indian Street Bridge Project. On October 1, 2009, Citizens’s motion for a preliminary injunction was denied. Both parties moved for summary judgment, and on April 30, 2010, the district court granted summary judgment in favor of FHWA and FDOT and denied the motion for an injunction. All other pending motions were dismissed. The project received funding from the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act on February 9, 2010, and construction of the bridge is now underway.
II. Jurisdiction
This suit was brought under the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), which provides for judicial review of federal agency actions and allows federal courts to enjoin authorities of the United States government. See 5 U.S.C. §§ 701, 702. Citizens seeks only injunctive relief against the Secretary of FDOT. The Secretary argues that this court lacks jurisdiction to enjoin a state official in an action based on the APA because FDOT is not a federal agency.
Our jurisdiction over a state official in an action like this one is a complex legal question and presents an issue of first impression in this circuit. Other circuits that have addressed this question have focused on whether a highway project constitutes a major federal action or whether the state and federal projects are sufficiently interrelated. Sw. Williamson Cnty. Cmty. Ass’n, Inc. v. Slater, 243 F.3d 270, 277 (6th Cir.2001) (“If we conclude that the highway corridor constitutes a ‘major federal action,’ then we have the authority to instruct the district court to enjoin the state from further construction on the highway.”); Fund for Animals, Inc. v. Lujan, 962 F.2d 1391, 1397 (9th Cir. 1992) (“Nonfederal defendants may be enjoined if federal and state projects are sufficiently interrelated to constitute a single federal action for NEPA purposes.” (quotation marks omitted)).
While we agree with the Secretary of FDOT that the APA does not apply to state agencies, we decide that jurisdiction over the Secretary may be exercised in the circumstances of this case. The Secretary admits that “FDOT’s substantial role is well documented in the Administrative Record.” And, the Secretary calls FDOT a “party working in tandem with federal agencies.” Given these circumstances, and the fact that the plaintiffs have only sought injunctive relief against the Secretary, we find the district court properly exercised its jurisdiction over the Secretary in this case.
III. Standard of Review
We review a grant of summary judgment de novo and apply the same legal standards as the district court. See Wilderness Watch & Pub. Emps. for Envtl. Responsibility v. Mainella, 375 F.3d 1085, 1087-88 (11th Cir.2004). When confronted with claims brought under the APA, we may only set aside agency action that is “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A). This standard is “exceedingly deferential.” Sierra Club v. Van Antwerp, 526 F.3d 1353, 1360 (11th Cir .2008).
To determine whether an agency decision was arbitrary and capricious, the reviewing court must consider whether the decision was based on a consideration of the relevant factors and whether there has been a clear error of judgment. This inquiry must be searching and careful, but the ultimate standard of review is a narrow one. Along the standard of review continuum, the arbitrary and capricious standard gives an appellate court the least latitude in finding grounds for reversal; administrative decisions should be set aside in this context only for substantial procedural or substantive reasons as mandated by statute, not simply because the court is unhappy with the result reached.
Fund for Animals, Inc. v. Rice, 85 F.3d 535, 541-12 (11th Cir.1996) (quotation marks and ellipses omitted).
IV. NEPA
The National Environmental Policy Act sets forth review procedures that federal agencies must engage in before taking any “major” actions. 42 U.S.C. § 4332. Section 102(2)(C) of NEPA requires that to evaluate the proposed action an agency must prepare an EIS that includes “a detailed statement of (i) the environmental impact of the proposed action, (ii) any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented, (iii) alternatives to the proposed action, (iv) the relationship between local short-term uses of man’s environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, and (v) any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented.” Druid Hills Civic Ass’n, Inc. v. Fed. Highway Admin., 772 F.2d 700, 708 (11th Cir.1985) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(C)). The requirements of NEPA are purely procedural and do not mandate any specific outcome; agencies may make a decision that preferences other factors over environmental concerns as long as they have first adequately identified and analyzed the environmental impacts. Van Antwerp, 526 F.3d at 1361. A court reviewing NEPA compliance may only ask whether the agency took a “hard look” at environmental consequences. Druid Hills, 772 F.2d at 709. A challenging party has the burden of showing by a preponderance of the evidence that the agency did not comply with NEPA’s procedures. Sierra Club v. Callaway, 499 F.2d 982, 992 (5th Cir.1974).
A. Incorporation of Local Planning Documents
Citizens argues that it was improper of FHWA to rely upon FDOT’s Feasibility Study and Corridor Report when preparing the FEIS. However, circuit precedent holds that incorporation of local planning documents is permissible and that references to such documents can satisfy the requirements of NEPA. See Piedmont Heights Civic Club, Inc. v. Moreland, 637 F.2d 430, 438 (5th Cir.1981) (“The reference to the [regional planning document] contained in the ... EISs was sufficient to satisfy the procedural and substantive requirements of NEPA.”). Furthermore, the Council on Environmental Quality Guidelines instruct that “[a]gencies shall incorporate material into an environmental impact statement by reference,” 40 C.F.R. § 1502.21 (emphasis added), and encourage joint federal and local action, see 40 C.F.R. § 1502.5(b).
Citizens also contends that use of the local planning documents was impermissible because FHWA failed to participate in the preparation of the documents. In support of its position, Citizens points to 23 C.F.R. § 771.109(c)(5), which states that a local agency “may prepare the EIS and other environmental review documents with the Administration furnishing guidance, participating in the preparation, and independently evaluating the document.” However, the Feasibility Study and the Corridor Report are not NEPA environmental review documents; they are support documents that were referenced in an environmental review document: the FEIS. See 28 C.F.R. § 771.111(a)(2). “Publicly available documents ... produced by, or in support of, the transportation planning process ... may be incorporated directly or by reference into subsequent NEPA documents” and require review by the FHWA only “as appropriate.” 23 § C.F.R. 450.212(b). We find no error in FHWA’s incorporation of the local planning documents in the FEIS.
B. Purpose and Need Statement
Citizens contends that FHWA adopted an impermissibly narrow Purpose and Need Statement that foreclosed consideration of a sufficiently wide array of alternatives. NEPA’s only requirement regarding the Purpose and Need Statement is that it “briefly specify the underlying purpose and need to which the agency is responding in proposing the alternatives including the proposed action.” 40 C.F.R. § 1502.13. “[A]gencies must look hard at the factors relevant to the definition of purpose” and “should take into account the needs and goals of the parties involved in the application.” Citizens Against Burlington, Inc. v. Busey, 938 F.2d 190, 196 (D.C.Cir.1991). “[A]n agency may not define the objectives of its action in terms so unreasonably narrow that only one alternative from among the environmentally benign ones in the agency’s power would accomplish the goals of the agency’s action, and the EIS would become a foreordained formality.” Id. “Nor may an agency frame its goals in terms so unreasonably broad that an infinite number of alternatives would accomplish those goals and the project would collapse under the weight of the possibilities.” Id.
The FEIS stated that the purpose of the study was “to evaluate and comprehensively examine various alternatives for an additional crossing of the South Fork of the [St. Lucie] River in Martin County, Florida.” It also explained that an additional crossing was desired to accommodate infrastructure needs, satisfy transportation demands, and facilitate emergency response and evacuation. Although Citizens objects to FHWA’s limitation of the scope of the statement to cover only a Southern crossing of the river, we find FHWA’s rationale — that an existing bridge across the river serves mainly the central and northern parts of the county — to be reasonable. In sum, we find FHWA’s consideration of the relevant factors to be sufficient and the Purpose and Need Statement to be not unduly narrow.
C. Review of Environmental Impacts
Citizens alleges the following deficiencies in the FEIS: inadequate review of alternatives, failure to take a “hard look” at direct effects, and insufficient consideration of cumulative and indirect impacts.
First, Citizens asserts that Appellees failed to complete a detailed analysis of all alternatives because it relied upon conclusions of local planning documents to reject some alternatives prior to the preparation of the FEIS. As explained above, the reliance on local planning documents was appropriate. Regarding Citizens’s contention that too few alternatives were considered in the FEIS, NEPA’s requirement that alternatives be considered is “bounded by some notion of feasibility.” Druid Hills, 772 F.2d at 713 (citation and quotation marks omitted). Agencies only have to consider “reasonable alternatives,” and we evaluate their choices against a “rule of reason.” Id. NEPA does not impose any minimum number of alternatives that must be evaluated. See N. Buckhead Civic Ass’n v. Skinner, 903 F.2d 1533, 1541-43 (11th Cir.1990) (finding that an EIS with only two alternatives studied in detail was sufficient); Tongass Conser vation Soc’y v. Cheney, 924 F.2d 1137, 1140-42 (D.C.Cir.1991) (finding that agency complied with NEPA when thirteen of fourteen alternatives were eliminated as unreasonable and only one alternative was discussed in detail in the EIS). Here, Appellees considered three alternatives in the FEIS — the Indian Street Bridge Alternative, the No-Build Alternative, and the Traffic System Management Alternative — and also analyzed Citizens’s Alternative in depth. Reviewing Appellees’ choice and analysis of alternatives presented in the EIS under a rule of reason, we find Appellees’ consideration of alternatives to be “sufficient to permit a reasoned choice.” N. Buckhead Civic Ass’n, 903 F.2d at 1541.
When alternatives are rejected from consideration in an EIS, there is no duty to perform in-depth analyses of these alternatives. 40 C.F.R. § 1502.14(a) (stating that agencies shall “[rjigorously explore and objectively evaluate all reasonable alternatives,” but when alternatives have been rejected from consideration, agencies need only “briefly discuss the reasons for their having been eliminated” (emphasis added)). Because Appellees’ choice to exclude the alternatives that it did was appropriate, Appellees had no duty to conduct an in-depth analysis of those rejected alternatives in the FEIS. Appellees, by discussing in the FEIS their analysis of the expected environmental effects of the corridors and the relative impact of the various alternatives on cost, traffic service, engineering, environmental, and socio-economic factors, more than fulfilled NEPA’s requirement to “briefly discuss” the rejected alternatives.
Second, Citizens alleges that Appellees failed to take a “hard look” at the direct environmental effects of the proposed action, as required by 40 C.F.R. § 1502.16(a). Citizens argues that one arbitrary and capricious act of Appellees regarding their study of direct impacts was the choice to continue with environmental studies after the EIS was completed. In making this argument, Citizens urges us to conclude from the fact that studies are ongoing that they could not have been developed to an appropriate extent when the EIS was created. However, a commitment to ongoing studies alone is not necessarily indicative of an insufficient EIS. See City of Carmel-by-the-Sea v. U.S. Dep’t of Transp., 123 F.3d 1142, 1167 (9th Cir.1997) (finding that an agency with only a “conceptual” mitigation plan that intended to continue compliance efforts had satisfied Executive Order 11990 because it had complied “to date”). Because we do not find the scheduling choice alone to be arbitrary or capricious, we turn to examine the alleged substantive deficiencies of the EIS.
Citizens points to specific studies to illustrate its claim that Appellees failed to adequately evaluate direct environmental impacts of the proposed action. Under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1996 (“MSFCMA”), 16 U.S.C. §§ 1801-1883, federal agencies are required to prepare an Essential Fish Habitat Assessment and consult with the National Marine Fisheries Service prior to taking an action that would adversely impact an essential fish habitat, 50 C.F.R. § 600.920. Appellees did so, but Citizens alleges that the study area selected to review cumulative effects — the drainage basin of the South Fork of the St. Lucie River — was too narrow, and thus the assessment was insufficient. Appellees respond that the basin area selected for review of cumulative impacts was the only basin into which another bridge also drained, and thus the only area where cumulative impacts could potentially occur. This rationale is hardly indicative of arbitrary and capricious decision making.
Citizens also asserts that Appellees did not comply with Executive Orders 11988 and 11990 because Appellees’ analyses lacked detail and were overly conclusory.
Executive Order 11988, entitled “Floodplain Management,” requires federal agencies taking action in or affecting a floodplain to think twice. The agency must consider the project’s effects on the floodplains and possible alternatives, and may proceed only if it finds that the only practicable alternative requires sitting in the floodplain. In designing its plan the agency must take steps to minimize potential damage to the floodplain.
City of Carmel-by-the-Sea, 123 F.3d at 1166 (quotation marks and footnote omitted). Executive Order 11990, entitled “Protection of Wetlands,” provides “similar protection” regarding wetlands. Sierra Club v. Hassell, 636 F.2d 1095, 1100 (5th Cir.1981). Section Four of the FEIS contains a detailed discussion of floodplains and wetlands. Both the floodplains and wetlands subparts of Section Four discuss harm-minimization plans. The floodplains subpart concludes that because the area along the river is prone to flooding, there is no practicable alternative to locating the bridge in a floodplain. The wetlands subsection explains that due to the nature of bridge construction and the terrain around the St. Lucie River, there are no practicable alternatives to impacting wetlands. Overall, we find this analysis, as well as the discussions of other direct impacts, satisfactorily thorough and neither arbitrary nor capricious.
Third, Citizens contends that Appellees’ review of cumulative and indirect impacts was insufficient. Indirect impacts are reasonably foreseeable long-term effects of the proposed action. 40 C.F.R. § 1508.8(b). “Cumulative impact is the impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (Federal or non-Federal) or person undertakes such other actions.” Id. § 1508.7 (quotation marks omitted). Appellees discuss both types of impacts in the subsection of the FEIS entitled “Indirect and Cumulative Impacts.” That subsection discusses the cumulative impacts on current and existing growth, emergency response and evacuation, wildlife, essential fish habitats, and water quality, as well as proposed transportation projects. The FEIS also noted that no other major construction projects pending in the area had obtained permit applications. The FEIS discussion of these matters, therefore, was sufficient.
Citizens alleges that Appellees’ indirect impacts assessment is faulty because it fails to consider the change that would result from the project’s stimulation of commercial interests in a previously residential area. However, in their review of indirect impacts of the project, Appellees found that other commercial uses in the study area were already being planned or developed. Therefore, Appellees concluded that any induced commercial growth would not constitute a change to the area. Citizens also objects to the area selected for the study of induced growth but fails to explain why Appellees’ choice was erroneous. Determining the geographic extent of an analysis area is the kind of task “assigned to the special competency of the appropriate agencies,” and such a determination can only be overturned by a showing of arbitrariness or capriciousness in the decision making. See Kleppe v. Sierra Club, 427 U.S. 390, 414, 96 S.Ct. 2718, 2732, 49 L.Ed.2d 576 (1976). Furthermore, the FEIS recognized that commercial uses were in development or in the planning stages for development along the project’s corridor. Appellants cannot demand a more detailed response to their challenge without identifying precise geographic areas or instances of induced growth, considering that the project is already underway. Here, the FEIS’s finding that no land use change is expected to occur adequately addresses Appellants’ concerns.
In their study of cumulative effects, Appellees found that because no other construction projects were listed on the Martin County Five-Year Capital Improvements Plan as pending in the project area, no cumulative impacts could be expected. Citizens argues that referencing to the Five-Year Plan was an error and that Appellees should have consulted the Martin County Long-Range Plan instead. However, Appellees determined that because the projects on the Long-Range Plan were listed far before their actual development, any analysis of the cumulative impacts of the Long-Range Plan projects would be mostly speculative. We have held that agencies cannot be “forced to analyze the environmental impact of a project, the parameters and specifics of which would be a mere guess.” City of Oxford v. FAA, 428 F.3d 1346, 1356 (11th Cir.2005).
Ultimately, Citizens argues that Appellees should have used different and better methodologies for reviewing environmental impacts of the project. However, we do not review an agency’s compliance with NEPA by asking whether it made the optimal choices; NEPA does not require perfection. See Druid Hills, 772 F.2d at 708-09. Appellees’ compliance with NEPA may not have been perfect, but it was sufficient.
D. Need for a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
The Indian Street Bridge has four phases that were originally planned to be completed contemporaneously, but FDOT announced on May 1, 2009 that one phase will commence prior to the others. Citizens now attempts to argue that Appellees erred by not completing a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (“SEIS”) investigating the impacts of phasing. However, Citizens did not raise this issue in its Amended Complaint. Instead, Citizens alleged in its Amended Complaint that an SEIS was necessary because Citizens had submitted its Alternative, which included information and proposals about traffic modeling systems. Citizens’s argument on appeal — that the decision to utilize phasing must be examined further in an SEIS — is substantially different than that alleged in its Complaint, and we will not consider a claim not detailed in the plaintiffs pleadings. See Maniccia v. Brown, 171 F.3d 1364, 1367 n. 1 (11th Cir.1999).
V. Section 4(f)
Section 4(f) of the Transportation Act allows the Secretary of Transportation to approve a federal highway project using the land of a public park, recreation area, wildlife refuge, or historic site only if “(1) there is no prudent and feasible alternative to using that land; and (2) the program or project includes all possible planning to minimize harm to the park, recreation area, wildlife and waterfowl refuge, or historic site resulting from the use.” 49 U.S.C. § 303(c).
Section 4(f)(1) requires that the Secretary must make a finding that no feasible or prudent alternatives to the use of Section 4(f) lands exist. “An alternative is feasible if it can be built as a matter of sound engineering.” Druid Hills, 772 F.2d at 715. An alternative is prudent unless there are “truly unusual factors present in a particular case or the cost or community disruption resulting from alternative routes reached extraordinary magnitudes” or the alternative routes present “unique problems.” Id. (alteration omitted). When evaluating alternatives during a Section 4(f)(1) review, the Secretary need not consider options that impact Section 4(f) lands because “[a]n alternate route that also impacts upon parks and historic sites is not an alternative to the use of such property.” Id. (quotation marks omitted).
If the Secretary determines that there are no feasible or prudent alternatives to using Section 4(f) property for the project, the Secretary must then comply with the mandate of Section 4(f)(2) to minimize harm to parks and historic sites. This requires “a simple balancing process which totals the harm caused by each alternate route to section 4(f) areas and selects the option which does the least harm.” Id. at 716. Unlike 4(f)(1), the 4(f)(2) analysis requires the Secretary to consider alternatives that would use 4(f) lands. See id.
We use a three-part test to review the Secretary’s compliance with Section 4(f). First, we ask whether the Secretary acted within the scope of his authority: did he construe his authority to approve projects to be limited to situations where no feasible and prudent alternatives to the use of 4(f) property existed, and could he have reasonably believed that no such alternatives existed? Druid Hills, 772 F.2d at 714. Second, we inquire whether the Secretary’s ultimate decision was arbitrary, capricious, or an abuse of discretion. Id. Third, we ask if the Secretary followed the necessary procedural requirements. Id. “[T]he Secretary’s decision is entitled to a presumption of regularity,” but “that presumption does not shield his action from a thorough, probing, in-depth review.” Id. (quotation marks and citation omitted). Our review of the Secretary’s actions focuses on the administrative record, not the district court’s opinion. Id.
Citizens argues that the brevity of the statements in the FEIS regarding Section 4(f) compliance reveals that the Secretary had no reasonable basis to believe that no prudent alternatives to the project exist. Citizens cites to Stop H-3 Ass’n v. Coleman, 533 F.2d 434, 445 (9th Cir.1976), for the proposition that conclusory or unsupported statements do not satisfy the Secretary’s 4(f) burden. However, in Stop H-3, the Secretary’s position was that Section 4(f) “was altogether inapplicable,” and the court found that “[i]n the light of that consistently recorded position, it is not possible, with factual accuracy, to conclude that the Secretary evaluated [the proposed highway] with the explicit directives of 4(f) firmly in mind.” 533 F.2d at 445. The factual situation here is radically different: the FEIS itself contains a lengthy discussion of 4(f) impacts and also references the Corridor Report, which provides even more analysis of the alternatives’ effects on 4(f) lands. Unlike in Stop H-3 where the court found that the Secretary could not have evaluated the project with the directives of Section 4(f) in mind, the thorough discussion of Section 4(f) impacts indicates a mindfulness of Section 4(f) not present in Stop H-3. Because the analysis in the instant case does in fact demonstrate consideration that each of the alternatives was not feasible and prudent within the context of Section 4(f), the facts do not support Citizens’s arguments that the Secretary’s review was cursory.
Citizens also contends that the reasons for rejecting alternatives as imprudent were insufficient because the Secretary failed to point to extraordinary or unique circumstances, as mandated by Cit-
izens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 401 U.S. 402, 413, 91 S.Ct. 814, 822, 28 L.Ed.2d 136 (1971). We disagree. Some of the corridor alternatives did not avoid the use of 4(f) lands, so they did not need to be considered during the Section 4(f)(1) inquiry. See Druid Hills, 772 F.2d at 715. Some of the alternatives were rejected because they did not fulfill the purpose and need of the project. This circuit has long maintained that failure to meet a project’s purpose can render an alternative imprudent. See Druid Hills, 772 F.2d at 715-16. The remainder of the alternatives were rejected due to extraordinarily high costs, unacceptable or severe environmental impacts, or both, which are sufficient foundations for finding that the alternatives were imprudent. See 23 C.F.R. § 774.17 (stating that an alternative is not prudent if: it “compromises the project to a degree that it is unreasonable to proceed with the project in light of its stated purpose and need”; causes severe “social, economic, or environmental impacts,” “disruption to established communities,” or “impacts to environmental resources protected under other Federal statutes”; “results in additional construction, maintenance, or operational costs of an extraordinary magnitude”; or “involves multiple factors in ... this definition, that while individually minor, cumulatively cause unique problems or impacts of extraordinary magnitude”). FHWA’s explanations are sufficient and will not be found lacking simply because they did not include the terms “extraordinary” or “unique.” See Comm. to Pres. Boomer Lake Park v. Dep’t of Transp., 4 F.3d 1543, 1550-51 (10th Cir.1993) (explaining that the “mechanical use” of magic words “is unrelated to the [4(f)] documents’ substantive merit”); Hickory Neighborhood Def. League v. Skinner, 910 F.2d 159, 162-63 (4th Cir.1990) (holding that it was unnecessary for the Secretary to use the terms “unique” and “extraordinary” in the § 4(f) analysis). Furthermore, “an administrative decision ‘of less than ideal clarity’ will be upheld ‘if the agency’s path may reasonably be discerned.’ ” La. Envtl. Soc., Inc. v. Dole, 707 F.2d 116, 123 (5th Cir.1983) (citing Bowman Transp., Inc. v. Arkansas-Best Freight Sys., Inc., 419 U.S. 281, 285-86, 95 S.Ct. 438, 442, 42 L.Ed.2d 447 (1974)). Based on the record, we do not find that the Secretary acted arbitrarily or capriciously in making his determination that the alternatives rejected were imprudent, and we find sufficient evidence that the Secretary could have reasonably believed that there were no feasible or prudent alternatives.
Finally, Citizens argues that FHWA failed to comply with the procedural requirements of Section 4(f). Because Citizens did not raise this issue below, we cannot consider it now. Access Now, Inc. v. Southwest Airlines Co., 385 F.3d 1324, 1331 (11th Cir.2004) (“This Court has repeatedly held that an issue not raised in the district court and raised for the first time in an appeal will not be considered by this court.” (citations omitted)).
The district court’s denial of injunctive relief and grant of summary judgment in favor of FHWA and FDOT is
AFFIRMED.
. We question whether it would even be necessary for the Secretary to be a party to this case in order for an injunction to bind the Secretary. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 65(d)(2)(A), (C) (stating that an order granting an injunction binds the parties and "other persons who are in active concert or participation” with the parties provided they have actual notice).
. In Piedmont Heights, the court explained that because the regional planning documents "were readily available to the public,” the agency was "not required to reiterate facts and figures” already made public. 637 F.2d at 438. Following this reasoning, because Appellees made the Feasibility Study and Corridor Report available to the public, they were able to satisfy their NEPA obligations by incorporating those documents by reference rather than republishing the already-public information.
. Citizens also argues that Appellees violated the requirement that the "draft EIS shall also summarize the studies, reviews, consultations, and coordination required by environmental laws or Executive Orders to the extent appropriate at this stage in the environmental process.” 23 C.F.R. § 771.123(c). Citizens's argument glosses over the "to the extent appropriate” caveat of that regulation and fails to acknowledge the instructions of 23 C.F.R. § 771.133: "If full compliance [with other environmental regulations] is not possible by the time the final EIS ... is prepared, the final EIS ... should reflect consultation with the appropriate agencies and provide reasonable assurance that the requirements will be met.” A commitment to continue with ongoing environmental reviews would embody exactly this kind of assurance.
. Citizens also contends that Appellees acted in error by failing to consider alternatives to the action, but an analysis of alternatives is not mandatory under the Act. See 50 C.F.R. § 600.920(e)(3) (listing mandatory contents of assessment); 50 C.F.R. § 600.920(e)(4) (listing additional information — including an analysis of alternatives — to be included "[i]f appropriate”).
. See 23 U.S.C. § 135(f) (“Each State shall develop a long-range statewide transportation plan, with a minimum 20-year forecast period ....”) (emphasis added).
. A SEIS is required when the agency “makes substantial changes in the proposed action that are relevant to environmental concerns; or [tjhere are significant new circumstances or information relevant to environmental concerns and bearing on the proposed action or its impacts.” 40 C.F.R. § 1502.9(c)(1).
. Citizens filed a motion to amend its Complaint to include the argument it now raises; Appellees opposed the motion as untimely. The district court denied the motion as moot when it entered its May 3, 2010 summary judgment order.
. Citizens challenges the sufficiency of Appellees’ Section 4© analyses (in the administrative record), upon which the Secretary based his Section 4(f) determinations. Therefore, our discussion of Section 4(f) compliance in this case centers on whether Appellees' Section 4(f) analyses and determinations were adequate.
. FHWA’s March 2005 Section 4(f) Policy Paper, in effect at the time the Indian Street Bridge Project was approved, was codified in substantially similar form at 23 C.F.R. § 774.17.
. Citizens additionally asserts that the Secretary should have considered a broader range of environmental factors and completed more detailed studies when making his prudence determinations. We find the large number of factors considered to be sufficient to make a reasoned decision. Although it may be true that a wider review would be optimal, this does not amount to a reason to overturn a satisfactory 4(f) determination.
| CASELAW |
Effect of cigarette smoking and passive smoking on hearing impairment: Data from a population-based study
Jiwon Chang, Namhyung Ryou, Hyung Jin Jun, Soon Young Hwang, Jae Jun Song, Sung Won Chae
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
32 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Objectives. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of both active and passive smoking on the prevalence of the hearing impairment and the hearing thresholds in different age groups through the analysis of data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Study Design. Cross-sectional epidemiological study. Methods. The KNHANES is an ongoing population study that started in 1998. We included a total of 12,935 participants aged ≥19 years in the KNHANES, from 2010 to 2012, in the present study. Pure-tone audiometric (PTA) testing was conducted and the frequencies tested were 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz. Smoking status was categorized into three groups; current smoking group, passive smoking group and non-smoking group. Results. In the current smoking group, the prevalence of speech-frequency bilateral hearing impairment was increased in ages of 40-69, and the rate of high frequency bilateral hearing impairment was elevated in ages of 30-79. When we investigated the impact of smoking on hearing thresholds, we found that the current smoking group had significantly increased hearing thresholds compared to the passive smoking group and non-smoking groups, across all ages in both speech-relevant and high frequencies. The passive smoking group did not have an elevated prevalence of either speech-frequency bilateral hearing impairment or high frequency bilateral hearing impairment, except in ages of 40s. However, the passive smoking group had higher hearing thresholds than the non-smoking group in the 30s and 40s age groups. Conclusion. Current smoking was associated with hearing impairment in both speech-relevant frequency and high frequency across all ages. However, except in the ages of 40s, passive smoking was not related to hearing impairment in either speech-relevant or high frequencies.
Original languageEnglish
Article numbere0146608
JournalPloS one
Volume11
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2016 Jan 12
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
• Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
• General
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Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- British Land Increases Dividend for First Time in Three Years
British Land Co. (BLND) , the U.K.’s second-
largest real estate investment trust, raised its quarterly
dividend for the first time in three years and indicated that
similar payouts will follow. The company increased the dividend for its fourth quarter
through March to 6.6 pence a share and said it would stay at
that level in the coming fiscal year. London-based British Land
had paid 6.5 pence in the 12 preceding quarters. “Good results today and confidence about future income”
prompted the increase, Chief Executive Officer Chris Grigg said
on a conference call today. Full-year profit excluding one-time items and changes to
property values rose 3.9 percent to 265 million pounds ($419
million), or 29.7 pence a share. Net rental income excluding
acquisitions gained by 1.5 percent and the company reached
agreements with UBS AG, Debenhams Plc and Aon Corp. to lease
space in three of its central London office projects. “British Land is firing on all cylinders,” Jefferies
Group Inc. analysts Mike Prew and Robert Duncan said in a note
to investors, reiterating their buy rating of the shares. British Land rose 0.6 percent to 491.4 pence in London
trading at 491 pence as of 9:40 a.m. That gives the company a
market value of 4.37 billion pounds. The shares have advanced
6.9 percent in the six months through Friday, less than the 11-
member FTSE 350 Real Estate Investment Trust Index’s 8.6 percent
gain. The company leased 5 million square feet (465,000 square
meters) of space in fiscal 2012, cut vacancies and charged more
to renew leases and rent new retail and office space.
It also made 371 million pounds of acquisitions, including 17
Virgin Active fitness centers, which generated additional
income. Offices vs Retail While operating earnings improved, net asset value
stagnated in the second half as gains on office developments
were matched by a drop in retail property values. Net asset value rose to 595 pence a share in the company’s
fiscal fourth quarter from 593 pence three months earlier,
company said in a statement today. Net income for the 12 months
through March fell to 480 million pounds from 840 million pounds
a year earlier the value of its real estate grew more slowly. Britain entered a double dip recession in the first
quarter, making it harder for landlords to demand higher rents
and leading appraisers to lower the estimated values of shopping
centers. That was partly offset by rising values for office
developments in central London , where British Land plans to
build 2.2 million square feet of space through 2014. Retail makes up 61 percent of British Land’s real estate.
Big-box retail warehouses depreciated by 0.7 percent and
shopping centers by 0.6 percent in the second half of the
company’s financial year, reducing the value of British Land’s
retail assets to 6.32 billion pounds, the company said today. Offices appreciated by 2.1 percent in the fiscal second
half, the company said. Net debt fell to 4.88 billion pounds from 4.91 billion
pounds three months earlier. Debt represented 45.3 percent of
the value of British Land’s real estate, from 45.6 percent at
the end of December. To contact the reporter on this story:
Simon Packard in London at
packard@bloomberg.net . To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Andrew Blackman at ablackman@bloomberg.net . | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
The Plebeians were an integral part of Ancient Rome, one of the most influential and civilisation in Western History. Established in the 8th Century BC and lasting until the 5th Century AD,Ancient Rome had a primitive democracy where the lower classes, called Plebeians, had a voice in the government. In order to understand their role, one must first understand their place in society and the government.
The Plebeians were the majority in the Roman Empire, approximately 80-90% of the population, and were mostly comprised of farmers, tradesmen and small business owners. They were distinguishable from the Patricians, or the elite upper class, whom had an extensive political system and line of descent that held authority over the entire Empire. This system created a nobility of sorts; the Patricians held most of the wealth and power in the Empire, while the Plebeians had a say in their day to day lives and more importantly in their political representation.
In Ancient Rome, the Plebeians were extremely important to the functioning and success of the Roman government. This was because of the foundation of their Democracy, the concept called ‘Conflicting Equality’. This was essentially the idea that all people are equal in the eyes of the government and had the right to voice their opinions. This was accomplished through the Centuriate Assembly, a gathering of all the adult male citizens, who would vote on perceived political matters and choose military commanders. Furthermore, the Plebeians had representation in the Senate, the body of elected officials that made the laws of Rome.
Aside from political influence, the Plebeians had laws put in place which impacted their lives greatly. For example, the law of Lex Hortensia was established in 287 BC to enforce a binding decision of the Centuriate Assembly, thus allowing plebeians to have equal rights to prosecute Patricians and prosecute criminal cases in court. This was a significant first step towards social equality, providing a way for the lower class to find justice in a system that was extremely biased.
The Plebeians were also responsible for the economic stability of Rome. This was accomplished through their labors, creating the vast education and transportation systems that were necessary for the growth of the Empire.
Oxen, mules and slaves were used in intense labor harnessed by the Plebeians. Though it may seem like a distinction with diminished value, it was an important component of society, as any misbehaving worker would impair the progress of the traditional agricultural practices. It was also essential for the trade and industry growth, providing cheap labor to construct roads, bridges and aqueducts.
In a way, the Plebeian role in Ancient Rome demonstrated a the development of the human in practise, to fight for one’s right no matter which social class they had. It is important to note that in their context, they weren’t seen as lowly “commoners” but purposeful citizens. This resulted in a better quality of life and an advanced form of freedom.
Political Decision Making
The Plebeians had an influential role in the decision making process of Ancient Rome through their assembly. Each May, all adult male citizens would gather at the Plebeian Assembly to decide which representatives would be chosen to make laws and pass decrees, bringing their perspective from the common people to the governing level. This was the only means of political power for the lower classes, and the importance of this system cannot be underestimated. The Plebeians were able to help shape the future of the Empire by providing their own narrative on issues and conflicts, and this was integral to the success and growth of Ancient Rome.
The Plebeian Assembly was a unique source of power and influence as it provided a foundation for taking political progress from the ground up. The assembly allowed the people to communicate their ideals and bring a different perspective which would be used to create laws and pass decrees. This allowed room for the discussion of the policies, laws, and the issues that emerged in the time period, giving the people the opportunity to have an influence on the policies that were implemented. This assembly was the only source of power for the lower classes, and it symbolises the cooperative nature of the Roman government in which all citizens had a stake.
The Plebeian Assembly allowed the creation of a society in which the people of lower classes were given the chance to voice their opinion, discuss matters, and advocate for their interests and ideas. This not only allowed the people to have a say in the government, but it also opened the door for social mobility and equality, as the decisions made could influence the future of the Roman Empire. The assembly was one of the first steps in creating a fair and equitable governing system, and the role of the Plebeians was essential in this development.
The Roman Army
The Roman Army was an integral part of Ancient Rome’s success, and the Plebeian citizens had a large role to play in its successes. Every male citizen was required to serve in the military, and this gave the Plebeians an important source of pride as they were all part of the same force. This required them to be well-trained and disciplined, and this allowed for the successful occupation of provinces and the protection of borders from enemies. In addition, the Plebeian citizens often went on to become the officers in the army, adding another source of power to their social standing.
The Roman Army was more than just a military force; it was also an essential provider for the lower classes. The Roman Army was a place where the Plebeian citizens could get resources and goods that they may have been unable to acquire otherwise. The war spoils brought in from victory provided food, clothing, jewelry and weapons that would be distributed among the troops, providing goods that would allow them to live a better life. This allowed the lower classes the opportunity to earn their way to the higher status in the army, a perfect illustration of the concept of “Conflicting Equality”.
The role of the Roman Army was extremely important in the time period. It provided protection, resources, and a platform for social mobility. The Plebeian citizens were essential for the functioning and success of this military organization, as it was thanks to their hard labor and loyalty that the Army was able to obtain its successes.
The Right to Land Ownership
One of the most influential elements brought by the Plebeians to the Roman Empire was the right to land ownership. Since their inception, the Plebeians had been unable to possess open land, meaning they could only work the land owned by the Patrician elite and were locked in a system of poverty and inequality. This changed with the passing of the Lex Agraria in 123 BC, granting the Plebeians the right to own and inherit land, allowing them to break free of their servitude and began to acquire resources in the form of land. This was an extremely important step in the formation of the Roman Empire, as it opened up opportunities and resources to a much wider population than ever before. This allowed the Plebeians to gain access to wider resources and create a life with much more stability.
Land was a scarce commodity during this time period, and it was incredibly important to form the Roman Empire. The granting of land ownership to the Plebeian citizens allowed them to become more prosperous and independent, something which would have been practically impossible under the traditional system of Roman rule. This allowed for more economic growth and stability as the Plebeians were now able to contribute to the economic growth of the Empire.
Aside from material goods, the Plebeians now had the power to vote and the right to pursue their own interests freely. This sense of freedom was essential for the development of the Roman Empire, as it allowed for the formation of an advanced culture and a prosperous economy that would stay with the Roman Empire for centuries to come. This is why it is important to recognise the role of the Plebeian citizens in Ancient Rome, as their contributions were essential to the formation and success of the Empire.
Conquests & Expansion
Apart from their political and economic contributions, the Plebeian citizens of the Roman Republic had a powerful influence on the expansion of the Empire. The Roman Republic was a militaristic state, and their conquests were of great influence in the time period. The Plebeians citizens were heavily involved in the expansion efforts, as conquering new lands was of great benefit to them. This allowed them to earn money, become more powerful in the ruling military class, and acquire resources that aided in their prosperity.
The Roman Republic was an aggressive force in the world at the time, expanding and conquering others to create a larger Empire. The Plebeians had significant influence in this, as they formed a large portion of the military forces of the Roman Republic. This allowed them to gain access to new resources, and this wealth led to the growth of the economy and the overall power of the Roman Empire. The conquests of the Roman Republic are the perfect example of how the Plebeians were essential for the success of the Republic.
The military conquests of the Roman Republic also had a creating environment of competition in the Roman Empire. This allowed the Plebeians to gain more power and status in their position in the Empire, as they could receive higher ranks in the military as well as political positions. This also then led to greater social equality as the Plebeians could now rise through the ranks and become successful in the Roman Empire.
The conquests of the Roman Republic were an important contribution by the Plebeians, as it provided them with a chance to become prosperous and rise in social status. This allowed them to become more influential in the government, as they could access more resources and had a greater say in the political matters of the time period. It is important to recognise their contribution to the growth of the Empire, as their part was essential in the formation of one of the most influential civilizations in all of history.
The Plebeians were also incredibly influential in social advancements in the Roman Empire. One of their most significant contributions was the establishment of the Plebeian tribunate in 449 BC. This new institution was a major advancement for the lower-class citizens of Ancient Rome, as it allowed them to not only take part in the process of lawmaking, but also enabled them to elect representatives to the city-state of Rome. This allowed the Plebeians to continue to take part in the functioning of the Roman Republic and gain more access to the political process.
The Plebeians were also responsible for the passage of the Lex Tabulari in 451 BC, which granted greater rights and freedoms to the lower classes. This law established the right to form a guild and a protection from mistreatment and unfair labor practices. This law was incredibly significant in the time period, as it established principles and regulations to the financial system of the Republic and the use of resources that were typically tied to the elite upper-class.
The Plebeians also introduced a new legal code, called the Law of the Twelve Tables in 460 BC. This was a new set of laws that provided everyone in the Republic with greater protection and rights. Through this law, the Plebeians were able to access justice and had more rights to pursue their own interests without fear of persecution from the wealthy. This was an important contribution to the upkeep of the Republic, as it established a concrete rule of law for all citizens.
The role of the Plebeians was of huge importance in the social development of the Republic. Their legal freedom and establishment of rights were essential for the formation of the Roman Empire, and their contributions to the economic and political growth of the Republic were integral for the success of the Ancient Roman society. | FINEWEB-EDU |
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