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Ilya Nikolaevich Bronshtein
Ilya Nikolaevich Bronshtein (Russian: Илья Николаевич Бронштейн, German: Ilja Nikolajewitsch Bronstein, also written as Bronschtein; born 1903, died 1976) was a Russian applied mathematician and historian of mathematics.
Work and life
Bronshtein taught at the Moscow State Technical University (MAMI), then the State College of Mechanical Engineering, on the Chair of Advanced Mathematics established in 1939. He also collaborated at the Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute.
With Dmitrii Abramovich Raikov, Bronshtein authored a Russian handbook on elementary mathematics, mechanics and physics (Справочник по елементарнои математике, механике и физике), which was published in 1943.
Bronshtein is known as the author of a handbook of mathematics for engineers and students of technical universities, which he wrote together with Konstantin Adolfovic Semendyayev around the 1939/1940 timeframe. Hot lead typesetting for the work had already started when the Siege of Leningrad prohibited further development and the print matrices were relocated. After the war, they were first considered lost, but could be found again years later, so that the first edition of Справочник по математике для инженеров и учащихся втузов could finally be published in 1945. This was a major success and went through eleven editions in Russia and was translated into various languages, including German and English, until the publisher Nauka planned to replace it with a translation of the American Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers by Granino and Theresa M. Korn in 1968. However, in a parallel development starting in 1970, the so called "Bronshtein and Semendyayev" (BS), which had been translated into German in 1958, underwent a major overhaul by a team of East-German authors around Günter Grosche, Viktor & Dorothea Ziegler (of University of Leipzig), to which Bronshtein himself could no longer contribute due to reasons of age. This was published in 1979 and spawned translations into many other languages as well, including a retranslation into Russian and an English edition. In 1986, the 13th Russian edition was published. The German 'Wende' and the later reunification led to considerable changes in the publishing environment in Germany between 1989 and 1991, which eventually resulted in two independent German publishing branches by Eberhard Zeidler (published 1995–2013) and by Gerhard Musiol & Heiner Mühlig (published 1992–2020) to expand and maintain the work up to the present, again with translations into many other languages including English.
Publications
* With Semendyayev: "Handbook of Mathematics for Engineers and Students of Technical Universities" (Справочник по математике для инженеров и учащихся втузов), Moscow, 1945
* With Semendyayev: "Handbook of Mathematics for Engineers and Students of Technical Universities" (Справочник по математике для инженеров и учащихся втузов), Moscow, 1945 | WIKI |
Talk:Saskatchewan Air Ambulance
Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia is older...
There's a claim that LIFEGUARD is the oldest non-military air ambulance service in the world, but the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia is non-military and older. However, the royal flying doctors where the first to bring the doctor to the patient (1928), meanwhile Saskatchewan air ambulance dealt in bringing the patient to the doctor in larger population centers (1946), and this is where the discrepancy comes from. One being a doctor transport (fully equipped for off site patient care) while the other being a dedicated (fully equipped) air ambulance. Each organization has run continuously for more than 75 years and together make up the most experienced medevac organizations in the world despite being on different continents. They continue to collaborate with each other to bring the best health care to patients as possible. | WIKI |
From a04fd959f6ea5b1b8842782ba0ab514b84a21d59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dietmar Maurer Date: Wed, 23 May 2018 10:57:34 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] use get_options from PVE::JSONSchema --- PVE/APIClient/Helpers.pm | 153 --------------------------------------- pveclient | 3 +- 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-) diff --git a/PVE/APIClient/Helpers.pm b/PVE/APIClient/Helpers.pm index e6e5d07..e7f2216 100644 --- a/PVE/APIClient/Helpers.pm +++ b/PVE/APIClient/Helpers.pm @@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use warnings; use Data::Dumper; use JSON; use PVE::APIClient::Exception qw(raise); -use Getopt::Long; use Encode::Locale; use Encode; use HTTP::Status qw(:constants); @@ -67,156 +66,4 @@ sub lookup_api_method { return $data; } -# Getopt wrapper - copied from PVE::JSONSchema::get_options -# a way to parse command line parameters, using a -# schema to configure Getopt::Long -sub get_options { - my ($schema, $args, $arg_param, $fixed_param, $pwcallback, $param_mapping_hash) = @_; - - if (!$schema || !$schema->{properties}) { - raise("too many arguments\n", code => HTTP_BAD_REQUEST) - if scalar(@$args) != 0; - return {}; - } - - my $list_param; - if ($arg_param && !ref($arg_param)) { - my $pd = $schema->{properties}->{$arg_param}; - die "expected list format $pd->{format}" - if !($pd && $pd->{format} && $pd->{format} =~ m/-list/); - $list_param = $arg_param; - } - - my @interactive = (); - my @getopt = (); - foreach my $prop (keys %{$schema->{properties}}) { - my $pd = $schema->{properties}->{$prop}; - next if $list_param && $prop eq $list_param; - next if defined($fixed_param->{$prop}); - - my $mapping = $param_mapping_hash->{$prop}; - if ($mapping && $mapping->{interactive}) { - # interactive parameters such as passwords: make the argument - # optional and call the mapping function afterwards. - push @getopt, "$prop:s"; - push @interactive, [$prop, $mapping->{func}]; - } elsif ($prop eq 'password' && $pwcallback) { - # we do not accept plain password on input line, instead - # we turn this into a boolean option and ask for password below - # using $pwcallback() (for security reasons). - push @getopt, "$prop"; - } elsif ($pd->{type} eq 'boolean') { - push @getopt, "$prop:s"; - } else { - if ($pd->{format} && $pd->{format} =~ m/-a?list/) { - push @getopt, "$prop=s@"; - } else { - push @getopt, "$prop=s"; - } - } - } - - Getopt::Long::Configure('prefix_pattern=(--|-)'); - - my $opts = {}; - raise("unable to parse option\n", code => HTTP_BAD_REQUEST) - if !Getopt::Long::GetOptionsFromArray($args, $opts, @getopt); - - if (@$args) { - if ($list_param) { - $opts->{$list_param} = $args; - $args = []; - } elsif (ref($arg_param)) { - foreach my $arg_name (@$arg_param) { - if ($opts->{'extra-args'}) { - raise("internal error: extra-args must be the last argument\n", code => HTTP_BAD_REQUEST); - } - if ($arg_name eq 'extra-args') { - $opts->{'extra-args'} = $args; - $args = []; - next; - } - raise("not enough arguments\n", code => HTTP_BAD_REQUEST) if !@$args; - $opts->{$arg_name} = shift @$args; - } - raise("too many arguments\n", code => HTTP_BAD_REQUEST) if @$args; - } else { - raise("too many arguments\n", code => HTTP_BAD_REQUEST) - if scalar(@$args) != 0; - } - } - - if (my $pd = $schema->{properties}->{password}) { - if ($pd->{type} ne 'boolean' && $pwcallback) { - if ($opts->{password} || !$pd->{optional}) { - $opts->{password} = &$pwcallback(); - } - } - } - - foreach my $entry (@interactive) { - my ($opt, $func) = @$entry; - my $pd = $schema->{properties}->{$opt}; - my $value = $opts->{$opt}; - if (defined($value) || !$pd->{optional}) { - $opts->{$opt} = $func->($value); - } - } - - # decode after Getopt as we are not sure how well it handles unicode - foreach my $p (keys %$opts) { - if (!ref($opts->{$p})) { - $opts->{$p} = decode('locale', $opts->{$p}); - } elsif (ref($opts->{$p}) eq 'ARRAY') { - my $tmp = []; - foreach my $v (@{$opts->{$p}}) { - push @$tmp, decode('locale', $v); - } - $opts->{$p} = $tmp; - } elsif (ref($opts->{$p}) eq 'SCALAR') { - $opts->{$p} = decode('locale', $$opts->{$p}); - } else { - raise("decoding options failed, unknown reference\n", code => HTTP_BAD_REQUEST); - } - } - - foreach my $p (keys %$opts) { - if (my $pd = $schema->{properties}->{$p}) { - if ($pd->{type} eq 'boolean') { - if ($opts->{$p} eq '') { - $opts->{$p} = 1; - } elsif (defined(my $bool = parse_boolean($opts->{$p}))) { - $opts->{$p} = $bool; - } else { - raise("unable to parse boolean option\n", code => HTTP_BAD_REQUEST); - } - } elsif ($pd->{format}) { - - if ($pd->{format} =~ m/-list/) { - # allow --vmid 100 --vmid 101 and --vmid 100,101 - # allow --dow mon --dow fri and --dow mon,fri - $opts->{$p} = join(",", @{$opts->{$p}}) if ref($opts->{$p}) eq 'ARRAY'; - } elsif ($pd->{format} =~ m/-alist/) { - # we encode array as \0 separated strings - # Note: CGI.pm also use this encoding - if (scalar(@{$opts->{$p}}) != 1) { - $opts->{$p} = join("\0", @{$opts->{$p}}); - } else { - # st that split_list knows it is \0 terminated - my $v = $opts->{$p}->[0]; - $opts->{$p} = "$v\0"; - } - } - } - } - } - - foreach my $p (keys %$fixed_param) { - $opts->{$p} = $fixed_param->{$p}; - } - - return $opts; -} - - 1; diff --git a/pveclient b/pveclient index 8ea109d..30d8668 100755 --- a/pveclient +++ b/pveclient @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use warnings; use lib '/usr/share/pve-client'; use Data::Dumper; +use PVE::JSONSchema; use PVE::CLIHandler; use PVE::APIClient::LWP; @@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ sub call_method { die "missing API path\n" if !defined($path); my $info = PVE::APIClient::Helpers::lookup_api_method($path, $method); - my $param = PVE::APIClient::Helpers::get_options($info->{parameters}, $args); + my $param = PVE::JSONSchema::get_options($info->{parameters}, $args); print Dumper($param); die "implement me"; -- 2.20.1 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Granite Monthly Volume 2.djvu/282
262
��FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, CONCORD.
��bered with gratitude by future genera- tions.
Nearly seven years now passed with- out a stated ministry. In one case a call to settle was extended, but declined. September 1, 1788, Rev. Israel Evans was called by both the church and the town to settle as minister, and was in- stalled pastor July 1, 1789. Installation sermon by Rev. Joseph Eckley, of Bos- ton, Mass. His ministry continued eight years. No records of the church during this period can be found, and probably but few were added, as the number of members at his dismission was one hundred and twenty-four. Mr. Evans was a native of Pennsylvania, and a graduate of Princeton College, N. J., in 1772. He was ordained chap- lain in the United States army, at Phil- adelphia, in 1776, and from 1777 till the close of the war, was chaplain in a New Hampshire brigade. He resigned his pastorate July 1, 1797, but resided in town till his death, at the age of 60 years, March 9, 1807.
The church, without delay, chose as successor to Mr. Evans, Rev. Asa Mc- Farland, and the town concurring in the choice, he was installed March 7, 1798. The sermon was preached by Rev. John Smith, of Dartmouth Col- lege. The growth of the church under the ministry of Dr. McFarland was rapid and steady. Seasons of quiet, and also of deep religious interest, blessed it, and 429 were added to the membership, and 734 adults and infants received the rite of baptism. Plis min- istry continued twenty-seven years, and closed March 23, 1825. Dr. McFar- land was the last minister provided for by the town, his successor being sup- ported by the society.
Rev. Asa McFarland, d. d., was born in Worcester, Mass., April 19, 1769. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1 793, and was for two years tutor in the college. He possessed a vigorous and active mind, was discriminating and sound in judgment ; wise and diligent in action. His personal character and position secured to him a wide and lasting influence in the town and throughout the State. Eighteen dis-
��courses delivered on public occasions were published. In consequence of ill health he resigned his office as pastor. He, too, died among his people. By shock of paralysis Sabbath morning, February 18, 1827, he ceased from his labors, in the 58th year of his age.
The council which dismissed Dr. McFarland, March 23, 1825, installed as pastor, his successor, Rev. Nathaniel Bouton. Sermon was by Rev. Justin Ed- wards, d. d., of Andover, Mass. ; Installing Prayer, by Rev. Walter Harris, of Dum- barton ; Charge to the Pastor, by Rev. Asa McFarland, d. d. ; Fellowship of the Churches, by Rev. Abraham Burn- ham, of Pembroke ; Charge to the People, by Rev. Daniel Dana, d. d., of Londonderry.. The spirit of the Most High early rested on this ministry, and many seasons of revival blessed it. Bible classes and Sabbath-schools were organized in different parts of the town, and the faithful labors of the pastor in these, and in the large assembly of the people gathered in a single place of worship, were attended with great suc- cess. In connection with the meeting of the General Association of New Hampshire, held with this church in 1 83 1, a deep work of grace began, and more than an hundred were added to to the church as the result. Large ac- cessions were received in the years 1834, 1836, 1842, and 1843. During the forty-two years of this ministry, 772 members were added to the church, and 629 adults and infants were bap- tised. Three colonies were dismissed and organized into other churches, and the real increase of the church in strength and influence was very great. Churches of other denominations were also organized in town, yet this con- tinued harmonious in action and stead- fast in faith. This ministry was char- acterized by unity, stability and growth. Dr. Bouton resigned his pastorate, of marked and continued success, at the forty-second anniversary of his settle- ment, March 23, 1867, and was dis- mised by council September 12, 1867.
Rev. Nathaniel Bouton, D. D., was a native of Norwalk, Conn., and gradua- ted at Yale College in 1821, and at An-
�� � | WIKI |
Trani railway station
Trani (Stazione di Trani) is a railway station in the Italian town of Trani, in the Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia. The station lies on the Adriatic railway. Train services are operated by Trenitalia. | WIKI |
Sachiko Kamo
Sachiko Kamo (11 February 1926 — 28 October 2003) was a Japanese tennis player of the 1950s.
Born and raised in Tokyo, Kamo was the second eldest of four tennis siblings, which included Davis Cup representative Kosei Kamo. She won the singles title at the All-Japan tennis championships six times in a row immediately after the war and eight times in total. In 1954 she made history as the first Japanese woman to compete at the Wimbledon Championships and made the singles third round. During the same trip she was the joint singles title winner of the Welsh Championships, with the final abandoned due to rain. She won a gold medal in singles and doubles at the 1958 Asian Games in Tokyo, which was the first time tennis was included on the program. | WIKI |
Page:The Coming Colony Mennell 1892.djvu/108
XV.
with the help of the completed portions of the railway at either end, my buggy journey along the course of the inchoate "Midland" resolved itself into a south-easterly drive of a little over 200 miles from Dongara, which, like the far-flowing Greenough, also boasts its "flats," to Gingin. This was, however, quite enough for comfort, and quite enough to give me a good general idea of the quality of the country. At first our four-in-hand team was somewhat of the "scratch" order, but about midway the contractor's buggy met us, with a crack team, and the most skilled imaginable of bush Jehus. The first day's journey was mostly in the valley of the tortuous Irwin, which, like most of the rivers of Western Australia, is a mere storm-water channel, assuming sometimes the dimensions of a torrent during the winter rains, but becoming dry as a bone in summer, with here and there an occasional water-hole in its parched and deeply-scored bed to remind one of its winter destiny. The next day we were on the sand plains which intersect the whole of this rich loamy and red ironstone country, and which are really more "downs" than plains. Forty or fifty miles of "sand plain" might well damp the ardour of the most sturdy of would-be settlers, and enabled one to realise, as our team ploughed painfully through it, what sort of chance the old denizens on the adjacent good land had had of making farming remunerative, with from 40 to 80 miles of such cartage in front of them before they could get their produce to the nearest market. What with the present rain and the prospect of railway facilities in the near future, the latter all seemed cheerful | WIKI |
Dowell
Dowell or dowel may refer to:
People
* Dowell (surname)
* Dowell Loggains (born 1980), American football coach
* Dowell Myers, professor of urban planning and demography
* Dowell Philip O'Reilly (1865–1923), Australian poet, short story writer, and politician
* William Dowel (1837–1905), English-born Australian politician
Places
* Dowell, Illinois, a village in the United States
* Dowell, Maryland, an unincorporated community in the United States
Other uses
* Dowel, a cylindrical rod, usually made from wood, plastic, or metal
* Dowell Center, office building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
* Dowell Middle School, middle school in McKinney Independent School District
* Professor Dowell's Head, a science fiction novel (later filmed) by Alexander Belyayev | WIKI |
Invalid file format when uploading prettified JSON file
When trying to use the JSON file with the content below I get the invalid file format error using NodeJS library. But the same file uploads well if I remove all formatting.
let newFileID = await openai.files.create({
file: fs.createReadStream(element),
purpose: "assistants",
});
Error: 400 Invalid file format. Supported formats: "c", "cpp", "css", "csv", "docx", "gif", "html", "java", "jpeg", "jpg", "js", "json", "md", "pdf", "php", "png", "pptx", "py", "rb", "tar", "tex", "ts", "txt", "xlsx", "xml", "zip" Stack: Error: 400 Invalid file format. Supported formats: "c", "cpp", "css", "csv", "docx", "gif", "html", "java", "jpeg", "jpg", "js", "json", "md", "pdf", "php", "png", "pptx", "py", "rb", "tar", "tex", "ts", "txt", "xlsx", "xml", "zip"
at APIError.generate (C:\MyStuff\Work\projects\dso-research\src\openai\tests\node_modules\openai\error.js:44:20)
at OpenAI.makeStatusError (C:\MyStuff\Work\projects\dso-research\src\openai\tests\node_modules\openai\core.js:263:33)
at OpenAI.makeRequest (C:\MyStuff\Work\projects\dso-research\src\openai\tests\node_modules\openai\core.js:306:30)
at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)
[
{
"name": "Guacamole",
"title": "Classic Guacamole",
"documenttype": "recipe",
"usage": [
"dip"
],
"categories": {
"dietary": [
"vegetarian",
"gluten-free"
],
"agegroup": [
"adults",
"all ages"
],
"location": [
"indoor",
"outdoor"
],
"atmosphere": [
"casual",
"social"
],
"occasion": [
"barbecue party",
"party with friends",
"celebration"
],
"cuisine": [
"Mexican"
]
},
"ingredients": [
"Avocado",
"Lime",
"Tomato",
"Onion",
"Cilantro",
"Salt",
"Pepper"
],
"shoppinglist": [
"Avocado",
"Lime",
"Tomato",
"Onion",
"Cilantro",
"Salt",
"Pepper"
]
},
{
"name": "Caprese Skewers",
"title": "Caprese Skewers with Balsamic Glaze",
"documenttype": "recipe",
"usage": [
"meal",
"appetizer"
],
"categories": {
"dietary": [
"vegetarian",
"gluten-free"
],
"agegroup": [
"adults",
"all ages"
],
"location": [
"indoor",
"outdoor"
],
"atmosphere": [
"casual",
"formal"
],
"occasion": [
"party with friends",
"celebration"
],
"cuisine": [
"Italian"
]
},
"ingredients": [
"Cherry Tomatoes",
"Fresh Mozzarella Balls",
"Fresh Basil Leaves",
"Balsamic Glaze",
"Salt",
"Pepper"
],
"shoppinglist": [
"Cherry Tomatoes",
"Fresh Mozzarella Balls",
"Fresh Basil Leaves",
"Balsamic Glaze",
"Salt",
"Pepper"
]
}
]
1 Like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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@article {575, title = {Investigation of sudden electron density depletions observed in the dusk sector by the Poker Flat, Alaska incoherent scatter radar in summer}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics}, volume = {119}, year = {2014}, month = {12/2014}, pages = {10,608 - 10,620}, abstract = {
This paper investigates unusually deep and sudden electron density depletions (troughs) observed in the Poker Flat (Alaska) Incoherent Scatter Radar data in middle summer of 2007 and 2008. The troughs were observed in the premidnight sector during periods of weak magnetic and solar activity. The density recovered to normal levels around midnight. At the time when the electron density was undergoing its steep decrease, there was usually a surge of the order of 100 to 400 K in the ion temperature that lasted less than 1 h. The Ti surges were usually related to similar surges in the AE index, indicating that the high-latitude convection pattern was expanding and intensifying at the time of the steep electron density drop. The convection patterns from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network also indicate that the density troughs were associated with the expansion of the convection pattern to Poker Flat. The sudden decreases in the electron density are difficult to explain in summer because the high-latitude region remains sunlit for most of the day. This paper suggests that the summer density troughs result from lower latitude plasma that had initially been corotating in darkness for several hours post sunset and brought back toward the sunlit side as the convection pattern expanded. The magnetic declination of ~22{\textdegree} east at 300 km at Poker Flat greatly facilitates the contrast between the plasma convecting from lower latitudes and the plasma that follows the high-latitude convection pattern.
}, keywords = {ion temperature, plasma convection, plasma troughs}, doi = {10.1002/jgra.v119.1210.1002/2014JA020541}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014JA020541}, author = {Richards, P. G. and Nicolls, M. J. and St.-Maurice, J.-P. and Goodwin, L. and Ruohoniemi, J. M.} } @article {171, title = {Reversed two-cell convection in the Northern and Southern hemispheres during northward interplanetary magnetic field}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research}, volume = {116}, year = {2011}, month = {Jan-01-2011}, issn = {0148-0227}, doi = {10.1029/2011JA017043}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2011JA017043http://www.agu.org/journals/ja/ja1112/2011JA017043/2011JA017043.pdf}, author = {Lu, G. and Li, W. H. and Raeder, J. and Deng, Y. and Rich, F. and Ober, D. and Zhang, Y. L. and L. J. Paxton and Ruohoniemi, J. M. and Hairston, M. and Newell, P.} } @article {297, title = {Observations of ionospheric convection from the Wallops SuperDARN radar at middle latitudes}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research}, volume = {112}, year = {2007}, month = {Jan-01-2007}, issn = {0148-0227}, doi = {10.1029/2006JA011982}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006JA011982}, author = {Baker, J. B. H. and Greenwald, R. A. and Ruohoniemi, J. M. and Oksavik, K. and Gjerloev, J. W. and L. J. Paxton and Hairston, M. R.} } @article {327, title = {First observations of the temporal/spatial variation of the sub-auroral polarization stream from the SuperDARN Wallops HF radar}, journal = {Geophysical Research Letters}, volume = {33}, year = {2006}, month = {Jan-01-2006}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {10.1029/2006GL026256}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006GL026256}, author = {Oksavik, K. and Greenwald, R. A. and Ruohoniemi, J. M. and Hairston, M. R. and L. J. Paxton and Baker, J. B. H. and Gjerloev, J. W. and Barnes, R. J.} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 4.djvu/102
92 seem to have a protective function. The secretions of glands are very various, oily, waxy, resinous, gummy, saccharine, acid, &c.
ORGANS OF PLANTS.
Having now considered the elementary structures and tissues found in the Vegetable Kingdom, we proceed to view them in combination to form the plant. The simplest plant is found amongst Alga3, where, as in the Red-snow plant (Protococcus nivalis, fig. 51) the whole organism con sists of a single isolated cell. Other Algre and all Fungi and Musci are composed of a number of cells united in various ways ; whilst in Ferns and their allies and all riowering plants vessels are formed in addition to the cells. The plants in which the tissues are entirely cellu- lar are termed cellular plants ; those in which vessels are also found are vascular plants. Fig. 51. Cells of the Red-snow plant different stages of growth and development, a, cell in the young state ; b, cell fully formed, with cellules in its interior ready to be discharged, and to form independent plants; c, cell after its contents have been dis charged. That the portions of a plant may be properly maintained two functions have to be performed, namely, nutri tion, on the proper performance of which the life of the individual plant depends, and reproduction, by which the perpetuation of the type is provided for. In such a simple form as the Red-snow plant (fig. 51) those functions are performed by the single cell. In the plants composed of numerous cells a differentiation takes place by which special cells are set apart for particular functions, and thus certain organs are formed in the plant. In the higher plants those organs become more complicated from the introduction of the vascular element. The nutritive organs of plants are generally known as the root, the stem, and the leaves. In all vascular plants and the higher cellular plants an axis or stem having roots and bearing leaves is distinguishable, and such plants have been designated Cormophytes or Phyllophytes. In the lower class of cellular plants, as Fungi and Algae, no such distinction is possible, and there is merely a flattened leafy expansion with dependent filiform processes ; this structure has been termed a thallus, and such plants are Thalloyens or Tkallophytes. [ missing text ] Amongst the higher plants the reproductive organs are, in ordinary language, comprehended under the term flower ; and, as they are conspicuous, such plants have been denominated Flowering, Phanerogamous, or Pliwnogamous. Amongst all cellular plants and in some vascular plants, as Ferns and Equisetum, there are no flowers, and the repro ductive organs are inconspicuous, hence they have been termed Flowerless or Cryptoyamous. In all cases the young plant, or embryo, is completely cellular. But as growth proceeds, that differentiation takes place which dis tinguishes the several classes of plants one from the other. In Phanerogams the first leaves produced upon the embryo plant arc termed primary, seed-lobes, or cotyledons. In some cases these are two in number, and are opposite one another. Plants in which this occurs are Dicotyledonous (fig. 52), as our ordinary forest trees. In other plants the lobes alternate and only one cotyledon is formed ; such are Monocotyledonous (fig. 53), as Grasses, Lilies. In Crypto gams, on the other hand, no such seed-lobes or cotyledons are produced, and they are Acotylalouous (fig. 54). Fig. 54. out a conical root-like pro cess r, while the other ex tremity, containing a nu cleus and granules, forms a cellular frond; b, the same spore, with the root- like process r, dividing. No cotyledons are pro duced. In all plants the original cell tissue which gives origin to its parts is of a uniform nature, and is termed the primary tissue. When all the cells of this tissue are capable of multipli cation and division the tissue is a meristem or generating tissue. If the cells are not so capable, then it is a permanent tissue. The primary tissue al tlie growing point Ot any Shoot Or root is essentially a meristem, and it has been designated the primary meristem to distinguish it from the se condary meristem, which is applied to a tissue in the older parts of a stem or root which remains or be comes capable of division. The growing point of the apex has been termed the punctum vegetationis, and it not unfrequently forms a conical projection, and is then the vegetative cone. By growth at this punctum vegetationis the shoot or root increases in length, and the mode of addition is in many cases of a definite character. Two chief types of growth are recognized. In one of these a single large cell is always present at the apex, termed the apical cell, which may be regarded as the mother-cell, whence by bipartition in a definite manner the whole meristem below it has arisen, as is well seen in vascular Cryptogams and cellular plants. The other type is seen in Phanerogams, and here no such apical cell is visible, but a number of cells are found at the apex by whose multiplica tion the subsequent tissues are formed. But in whatever way formed, a primary meristem is the result of all the processes of growth, and by differentiation of its cells the various parts of the shoot or root are formed. The outer layer of the primary meristem, which extends completely over the punctual vegetationis, is termed the dermatogen ; it is the primordial epidermis, being continuous with the epidermis of the shoot and afterwards becoming epidermis. Underneath the dermatogen several layers of cells are distinguished, continuous with the cortical portion of the shoot or root ; this is the primordial cortex, and constitutes the periblem. Enclosed by this is a central cellular mass, out of which the fibro-vascular bundles and the structures of the central part of the shoot or root are formed; this has been termed the plerome. If the growing axis be a young root there is in addition developed, usually from the dermatogen, a mass of cells at the extremity, constituting a root-cap, or protective covering, to the delicate meris- matic cells beneath ; no such structure is formed in a stem. Thus a stem is structurally distinct from a root in having no root-cap.
In the plerome the fibro-vascular bundles are formed. Certain cells become elongated and prosenchymatous and united in bundles leaving no intercellular spaces ; | WIKI |
Talk:Journal of Animal Ethics
Fellows
I don't see the issue of citing some fellows from the Journal of Animal Ethics website. I cited the ones who have Wikipedia articles. If you look at many other Wikipedia articles for different journal they cite editors or fellows from the journals home-website. See for example Between the Species which cites its editors. This is non-controversial. Psychologist Guy (talk) 17:23, 11 November 2023 (UTC)
* Citing editors is not only non-controversial, but it is actually recommended because being editor of an established journal meets one of the notability criteria of WP:ACADEMIC. The case for fellows is much less clear. This is the first time I see a journal having "fellows" and their website does not really explain what role these people play. If they are a sort of editorial board then we most certainly don't list them unless there are independent sources documenting their importance for the journal. As an aside, it doesn't look like this journal meets either WP:NJournals or WP:GNG... The article on Between the Species is not a good example and needs some overhaul (see also WP:OTHERCRAPEXISTS). --Randykitty (talk) 18:46, 11 November 2023 (UTC)
* I see what you are saying. This journal has 100 Consultant Editors, these are the same people listed as fellows. That is a bit odd. I agree the article needs to be expanded with better references. Throughthemind might know more about this. Psychologist Guy (talk) 19:11, 11 November 2023 (UTC)
Notability
The journal attracted a lot of attention for its rules around language when it was founded. A search on Nexis shows articles in The Calgary Herald ("Talk to the animals, but be careful what you say"), Ottawa Citizen ("Beware of free-living companion"), Toronto Star ("Why your 'pet' looks peeved"), The Vancouver Sun ("Differentiated free-living beings deserve respect too, pet"); The Guardian ("G2: Pass notes No 2,967 Companion animals"); The National Post (the story mentions that it was front-page news, "Readers not ready to embrace animal rights; anti-Semitism still lurks"), and many more. (That gets me only half-way through the Nexis search results, picking out only broadsheets in articles that seem to be primarily about the journal.) And this had some lasting impact; here, for example, is a paper reflecting/drawing upon the conversation. Josh Milburn (talk) 10:38, 13 November 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
DynaScent Digital Olfactometer uses three sniffing cups.
DynaScent Digital Olfactometer can be calibrated by the users.
Olfactometry
Olfactometry is a psychophysical method based upon the olfactory responses of individuals sniffing a series of diluted odours presented by an olfactometer to determine odour strength or odour concentration.
DynaScentIII Front
DynaScent Digital Olfactometer
DynaScent 800x1120
Olfactometry History
"If I have seen further it is only by standing on the shoulders of giants."
--- Isaac Newton
During the 1980s, considerable effort was made in developing olfactometric odour measurement techniques in the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe. Initially, the application of these olfactometric results was limited mainly to comparing odour emissions from various manure treatment systems in intensive animal production. In 1985, the Victoria EPA in Australia first introduced legislation based on olfactometer results and the air dispersion model (Ausplume). In North America, despite earlier interest in olfactometric measurement techniques during the 1970s, it was not until the mid 1990s that North American universities set up olfactometry laboratories to investigate odour from animal production.
The development of olfactometric measurement techniques continued in Europe and resulted in the introduction of the first draft European Standard for odour measurement by dynamic olfactometer. In Australia, a national workshop on odour measurement standardization was held in 1997 and consensus was reached to adopt the draft European standard. In 2001, Australia published the first official standard ahead of European countries. European countries have officially agreed to adopt the CEN standard in early 2003.
In summary, most olfactometers currently used around the world can be categorised in three groups on the basis of how the dilution is achieved:
• static method (syringe method in USA, triangle bags in Japan);
• rotameter/fixed orifice based olfactometers (VIC EPA B2 in Australia, TO8 in Germany, IITRI in USA) and
• Mass Flow Controller (MFC) based olfactometers (Ac’scent olfactometer, Olfaktomat).
From as early as 1960, the syringe was used as an olfactometer to prepare the odour sample and was inserted into the panellist’s nostril for evaluation. The method was later published in 1978 by the American Society for Testing and Materials. The concentration ascending presentation order, the sample presentation flow rates, the sample losses and cross contamination were widely questioned in the early 80’s. The method has finally withdrawn in 1986. In 1972, Japan improved the method to replace the syringe with a 3-litres bag and has published the Triangle Odor Bag Method. The method has now been widely adopted in Asian countries until today. The disadvantage of the method is the manual operation which requires a long time to prepare the 15- 18 bags and to calculate the results. The accuracy and repeatability of the results are very poor. However, the use of logarithm results can improve the accuracy and repeatability but this has little implication in a real application. The delivery of the odour samples is still achieved by a syringe. This has cast great doubt on how much improvements the Triangle Odor Bag method has made.
Rotameter based olfactometers are currently used in many laboratories in Australia and elsewhere. The rotameters are extremely sensitive to downstream pressure variations that could result in errors in rotameter readings of up to 25%. Such pressure variations occur during the mixing of clean air and odorous air to create the required dilution ratio or subsequently during the sample presentation of the diluted sample. The latter may be accentuated by the use of an enclosed sniffing mask, adversely affecting overall performance of the olfactometer. The manual mode of operation for rotameter based olfactometers makes it impossible to meet stringent instrumental performance criteria, particularly at the high dilution ratio end of the range. Furthermore, there are high labour costs when using manual data input for monitoring panellist performance and in the data processing used for retrospective screening.
MFC based olfactometers have automated the dilution process but it has yet to demonstrate instrumental performance over a period of time. MFC based olfactometers are also sensitive to the downstream pressure of the flow measurement devices. The backpressure occurring during mixing can be compensated for by instrumental calibration. However, pressure variations occurring during the sample presentation stage cannot be predicted and therefore cannot be compensated for by calibration. Backpressures can vary from panellist to panellist. In practice, the reduced flow arising from the specific personal characteristics of a panellist will be sensed by the mass flow meter resulting in the valve being further opened. However, the presentation time for each panellist is long (10 – 30 seconds) in comparison with the response time of the mass flow controller to change the valves (several seconds). These unstable conditions will be repeated many times during the session. As a result, the actual dilutions of odour samples at the sniffing ports can be highly variable.
Furthermore, the MFCs are susceptible to contamination buildup that can alter the calibration and result in the reduced performance. The tiny space between the temperature elements inside the mass flow meter can be easily contaminated or blocked. The MFC is truly designed for single component gas and better suited to a clean and non-sticky gas. In particular, the odour samples can sometimes be very sticky and dusty. Therefore, MFC based olfactometers could easily suffer from the poor performance of the MFCs during the operation. This has proved to be a major limitation in the use of MFC based olfactometers. Flushing the MFCs may take hours and is not effective at all. Over time, dust and residue irreversibly adhere to the surfaces of the temperature elements and the MFC must be replaced. The performance of the MFC based olfactometer in delivering the required dilution ratio cannot be guaranteed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2007 Bank of America 500
The 2007 Bank of America 500 was a NASCAR Nextel Cup Series stock car race that was held on October 13, 2007, at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina. The race was the 31st race of the 2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series season, and the fifth race of the 2007 Chase for the Nextel Cup. It was the only Saturday night race in the Chase schedule for 2007.
Background
* Ricky Rudd made his return to the 88 Yates Racing Ford after missing the previous five weeks due to a separated shoulder suffered in an accident during the Sharp AQUOS 500.
* Dale Jarrett officially retired from full-time competition, and handed the wheel of the Michael Waltrip Racing No. 44 Toyota Camry to David Reutimann.
Qualifying
With a lap of 28.512 sec at a speed of 189.394 mph, Ryan Newman won his fifth pole of the 2007 season. Chase points leader Jeff Gordon started 4th right behind Hendrick Motorsports teammate Jimmie Johnson, who started 2nd on the outside pole. Defending winner Kasey Kahne started fifth, and Coke 600 winner Casey Mears started 9th.
Failed to Qualify: No. 44-Dale Jarrett, No. 78-Joe Nemechek, No. 83-Brian Vickers, No. 06-Sam Hornish Jr., No. 08-Carl Long, No. 27-Kirk Shelmerdine
Race
Like the previous Chase races at Dover, Kansas, and most recently at Talladega, a great portion of the 12 Chase drivers would have trouble. Many analysts expected defending champion Jimmie Johnson to walk away with another Charlotte victory, as he had won three consecutive 600's, including two sweeps in 2004 and 2005. He continued with his domination, leading 95 of 337 laps before an unexpected spin on lap 231 took him out of contention. His teammate, points leader Jeff Gordon picked up the lead, trading it with teammate Kyle Busch and Clint Bowyer. After an oil spill by Jeff Green, Gordon and Busch began experiencing fuel pickup problems. Fearing a wreck, owner Rick Hendrick told Kyle to race Gordon clean. Although he attempted a "bump and run" on Gordon, it gave Ryan Newman the opportunity to shoot back into the lead. Newman had victory in his sights until he surprisingly spun out with 3 to go, giving the lead back to Gordon, who had not finished a Lowe's race since 2004. However, Gordon would hold off Bowyer and Busch for his first Lowe's win since 1999.
Results
Top Ten Results: (Note: Chase drivers are in bold italics.) | WIKI |
Amcor Earnings Miss Estimates in Q4, Revenues Increase Y/Y
Amcor Plc AMCR reported fourth-quarter fiscal 2025 (ended June 30, 2025) adjusted earnings per share (EPS) of 20 cents, missing the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 21 cents. AMCR’s adjusted EPS in the fourth quarter of 2024 was 21 cents. Including special items, the company reported a loss of 2 cents against the prior-year quarter’s EPS of 18 cents.
Amcor PLC price-consensus-eps-surprise-chart | Amcor PLC Quote
Total revenues for the quarter were $5.08 billion, which missed the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $5.17 billion. Revenues were up 43.8% from the year-ago quarter, driven by a favorable impact of the pass-through of higher raw material costs. The price/mix was up 1% year over year, while volumes fell to growth at 1.7%.
The cost of sales increased 50.6% year over year to $4.19 billion. Gross profit increased 18.7% year over year to $895 million. The gross margin was 17.6% for the quarter under review compared with 21.3% in the prior-year quarter. SG&A expenses increased 41.7% year over year at $408 million. Adjusted operating income in the quarter under review was $611 million, up 34.6% from $454 million in the prior-year quarter. The adjusted operating margin was 12% compared with 12.8% in the prior-year quarter. Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter was $789 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 compared with $550 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. The adjusted EBITDA margin was 15.5% in the quarter under review compared with the prior-year quarter’s 15.6%.
AMCR has closed the merger with Berry Global Group, Inc., strengthening its position as a global leader in consumer and healthcare packaging solutions. To better reflect its new operations, the company has changed the name of its reporting segments. It will now report under the Global Flexible Packaging Solutions and Global Rigid Packaging Solutions segments. Global Flexible Packaging Solutions: Net sales increased 19.3% year over year to $3.21 billion. Volume fell 1% year over year, while the price/mix was a favorable 2%. Our model projected net sales of $2.71 billion based on an expectation of year-over-year volume growth of 1% and a favorable price/mix of 1%. The segment’s adjusted operating income moved up 11.7% year over year to $450 million, reflecting favorable cost performance. Global Rigid Packaging Solutions: The segment reported net sales of $1.88 billion in the quarter, skyrocketing 121.1% from the year-ago quarter. Volume was down 4% year over year, and the price/mix had unfavorable impacts of 4%. The upside was driven by acquired sales net of divestments. We had projected net sales at $0.75 billion, which had factored in a year-over-year volume decline of 2% and a price/mix benefit of 1%. Adjusted operating income was $204 million, up 172% year over year.
As of the end of fiscal 2025, Amcor had $827 million of cash and cash equivalents compared with $588 million at the end of fiscal 2024. The company generated $1.39 billion in cash from operating activities in fiscal 2025 compared with $1.32 billion in the prior fiscal year. AMCR reported an adjusted free cash outflow of $926 million in fiscal 2025 compared with $952 million in the last fiscal year. As of June 30, 2023, the company’s net debt totaled $13.27 billion compared with $6.11 billion in the prior year.
AMCR reported an adjusted EPS of 71 cents in fiscal 2025, missing the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 73 cents. Earnings missed the company’s guidance of 72-74 cents. The bottom line, however, improved 1% year over year. Including special items, AMCR reported an EPS of 32 cents compared with 51 cents in fiscal 2024. Total revenues increased 9% year over year to $15.01 billion and beat the consensus estimate of $14.88 billion. On a comparable constant-currency basis, net sales moved up 11%.
Adjusted EPS for fiscal 2026 is expected to be 80-83 cents. The company projects a free cash flow of $1.8-1.9 billion for fiscal 2026.
In the past year, AMCR shares have lost 2% compared with the industry’s 3.7% fall.
Image Source: Zacks Investment Research
Amcor currently carries a Zacks Rank #4 (Sell). You can see the complete list of today’s Zacks #1 Rank (Strong Buy) stocks here.
Sealed Air Corporation SEE registered second-quarter 2025 adjusted earnings per share of 89 cents, which surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 72 cents. The bottom line marked a 7% year-over-year improvement, attributed to improved operating leverage and continued business optimization. Sealed Air’s total sales were $1.335 billion in the reported quarter, which beat the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $1.318 billion. Sales edged down 0.7% year over year. Pricing had a favorable impact of 0.5% and volumes were down 1.8% year over year. Currency had a positive impact of 0.5%. Our model predicted pricing to impact sales favorably by 0.1% and a volume decline of 1.7%. Packaging Corporation of America PKG posted adjusted earnings per share of $2.48 in the second quarter of 2025, beating the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $2.44. The reported figure was higher than Packaging Corp’s guidance of $2.41 in the quarter under review. Moreover, the bottom line increased 13% year over year. The upside was driven by higher prices and mixes in both segments. Packaging Corp’s sales in the second quarter grew 4.6% year over year to $2.17 billion. The top line beat the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $2.16 billion. Avery Dennison Corporation AVY delivered adjusted earnings of $2.42 per share in second-quarter 2025, beating the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $2.38. The bottom line was flat year over year. Avery Dennison’s total revenues dipped 0.7% year over year to $2.22 billion, marginally missing the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $2.23 billion.
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This article originally published on Zacks Investment Research (zacks.com).
Zacks Investment Research | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Surrey South Eastern Combination
The Surrey South Eastern Combination is one of the three intermediate association football leagues based in the English county of Surrey (the others are the Surrey Premier County Football League and the Surrey County Intermediate League (Western)). It currently comprises clubs from the east of Surrey and parts of Greater London. It was founded in 1991.
The league's top division is situated at the 12th level of the English football league system, and acts as a feeder to the Surrey Elite Intermediate League. Clubs may be promoted into the league from the Kingston & District League and the Wimbledon & District League.
Currently, the league has seven divisions – two Intermediate Divisions and five Junior Divisions.
Intermediate Division One
* Banstead Rovers
* Chelsea Rovers
* Earlsfield
* Earlsfield United
* Farleigh Rovers
* Goldfingers
* London Hibernian
* NPL
* Selhurst
* Tooting Bec Reserves
* Westminster Casuals
* Westside Reserves
Intermediate Division Two
* AFC Ewell
* Ashtead
* Barnes
* Exeter Old Boys
* Fulham Athletic
* Junction Elite
* Kew Park Rangers
* Old Boys Clapham
* Old Rutlishians
* RC Old Boys
* South Croydon
Junior Division One
* AF Spartans
* Battersea Ironsides Reserves
* Chiswick
* Colliers Wood Town
* Doverhouse Lions
* Grand Drive Athletic
* Grenfell Athletic SW
* NPL Reserves
* Surrey Casuals
* Wandgas Vets
* Worcester Park Reserves
Junior Division Two
* Frenches Athletic Reserves
* NPL 'A'
* Old Rutlishians Reserves
* Panthers
* South London Casualties
* Streatham
* Sutton High
* Tooting Bec 'A'
* Walton Hill
* Wanderers F.C. (2009)
* Worcester Park 'A'
Junior Division Three
* Earlsfield Reserves
* Farleigh Rovers Reserves
* Jak's
* Old Rutlishians 'A'
* Southern Athletic
* Tooting Bec 'B'
* Trenham
* Wandgas Worcester Park Vets
* Westside 'A'
* Woodmansterne Hyde
Junior Division Four East
* AFC Londinium
* AFC North Leatherhead
* Ashtead Reserves
* Chessington KC
* Dorking Cobblers
* Epsom Casuals
* Frenches Athletic 'A'
* Kingston Elite
* Motspur Park Reserves
* New Elm
* Sporting Kitz
Junior Division Four West
* John Fisher Old Boys
* London Olympia
* Mitcham Park Elite
* Motspur Park
* New Wolves
* Old Rutlishians 'B'
* Real Holmesdale
* Roehampton
* Waddon Wanderers
* Wallington
* Wanderers F.C. (2009) Reserves | WIKI |
Talk:Sauber C20
Twin keel development
Since creating this article, I have added a section about Sauber's development of the twin keel suspension layout. I would like to be able to add a couple of citations for the effects of the zero-keel layout on geometry and the reasons given in favour of retaining a single keel (stiffness, etc.) These are aspects that were quite well documented in the specialist press at the time of each development. If anyone has any suitable sources, please feel free to add them. Thanks. Adrian M. H. 23:52, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
Just a note, this car was NOT the debut of the twin keel. The previous Sauber (C19) had it as well.
Photos
Text added to article by <IP_ADDRESS>, moved to talkpage by DH85868993: Illustrating photos are mistakes: the car is the Sauber C19 from the 2000 F1 season, not the C20. A part of the livery is the same as Sauber C20 / 2001 F1 season, causing the confusion.
* The car on the picture is a Sauber C19 with the livery of the C20. Below some pictures of the cars. Jahn1234567890 (talk) 11:56, 2 July 2017 (UTC)
* {|class="wikitable"
* Sauber C19 || Diniz Australia, Diniz Brazil, Salo Belgium
* Sauber C20 || Räikkönen Monaco, Räikkönen Hungary, Heidfeld Hungary
* }
* } | WIKI |
Talk:Aguk Shain
Akkin People Group
The word Akkins seems to be related to the Akkin People Group, which still exists today in Chechenia. Aguk Shain may have been an Akkin. How the words should be used in this article is unclear to me.--DThomsen8 (talk) 17:41, 7 January 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
High-Performance Li–Se Batteries Enabled by Selenium Storage in Bottom-Up Synthesized Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Scaffolds
Selenium (Se) has great promise to serve as cathode material for rechargeable batteries because of its good conductivity and high theoretical volumetric energy density comparable to sulfur. Herein, we report the preparation of mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon scaffolds (NCSs) to restrain selenium for advanced lithium–selenium (Li–Se) batteries. The NCSs synthesized by a bottom-up solution-phase method have graphene-like laminar structure and well-distributed mesopores. The unique architecture of NCSs can severe as conductive framework for encapsulating selenium and polyselenides, and provide sufficient pathways to facilitate ion transport. Furthermore, the laminar and porous NCSs can effectively buffer the volume variation during charge/discharge processes. The integrated composite of Se-NCSs has a high Se content and can ensure the complete electrochemical reactions of Se and Li species. When used for Li–Se batteries, the cathodes based on Se-NCSs exhibit high capacity, remarkable cyclability, and excellent rate performance. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
anderssinho anderssinho - 9 months ago 36
Python Question
Find the last element (digit) on each line and sum all that are even python 3
Hi there Stack Overflow!
I'm trying to solve an assignment we got in my Python class today. I'm not super familiar with python yet so I could really need some tips.
The task is to:
Find the last element (digit) on each line, if there are any, and sum all
that are even.
I have started to do something like this:
result = 0
counter = 0
handle = open('httpd-access.txt')
for line in handle:
line = line.strip()
#print (line)
if line[:-1].isdigit():
print(line[:-1].isdigit())
digitFirst = int(line[counter].isdigit())
if digitFirst % 2 == 0:
print("second")
result += digitFirst
else:
print("else")
ANSWER = result
But this code doesnt work for me, I don't get any data in result.
What is it that i'm missing? Think one problem is that I'm not going through the line element by element, just the whole line.
Here is an example of how I line in the file can look:
37.58.100.166--[02/Jul/2014:16:29:23 +0200]"GET/kod-exempel/source.php?dir=codeigniter/user_guide_src/source/_themes/eldocs/static/asset HTTP/1.1"200867
So the thing I want to retrieve is the 7. And then I want to do a check if the seven is a even or odd number. If it's even, I save it in the a variable.
Answer
Don't even bother with the isdigit. Go ahead and try the conversion to int and catch the exception if it fails.
result = 0
with open('httpd-access.txt') as f:
for line in f:
try:
i = int(line.strip()[-1:])
if(i % 2 == 0):
result += i
except ValueError:
pass
print('result = %d' % result) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
GI bleed
In patients with either chronic or slow gastrointestinal bleeding it can be difficult to identify the source of the bleeding. Usually endoscopy is performed, but if the source is not readily apparent, further imaging may be required. A CT scan of the mesenteric vessels can sometimes be useful, but relies on the presence of active bleeding at the time of the scan to be diagnostic.
Using radioactively labelled red cells, we can often accurately identify the source of bleeding, anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. The advantage of this nuclear medicine technique is that it is more sensitive for slow bleeds which may not be visualised on CT scans. By combining the nuclear medicine scan with a SPECT-CT, we can produce three-dimensional images which can localise the bleeding source to a specific loop of bowel. This is a useful, non-invasive test, which only relies on a simple injection and a scan in order to produce a result in a matter of hours.
GI bleeding study preparation
What is a nuclear medicine GI bleed scan?
Your doctor may recommend a GI Bleeding Scan to help locate the sites of either a gastrointestinal or non-gastrointestinal bleeds, which include the stomach and small and large intestines.
In a Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding Scan a small amount of a radiopharmaceutical will be injected into a vein. Pictures of your abdomen will start immediately, lasting for approximately one hour or longer, looking for an area of bleeding in the intestinal tract.
Are there are any risks?
As the gamma rays are like X-rays, there are small risks associated with being exposed to radiation. However, the radiation decays away over a few hours and the amount of radiation used in medical imaging is very low. This is comparable to the natural radiation we all receive from the environment over about one year. In fact, the risks from missing a disorder by not having the study may be greater than the risks of the radiation. If you are concerned about the risks of the radiation, please speak to a member of our team.
Is there any special preparation for the scan?
You will need to fast for 6 hours before the scan.
When you make your appointment, you will be asked what medication you are currently taking, and we may ask you to stop certain medicines before the scan.
If you are pregnant or breastfeeding
If you are pregnant, or think you may be pregnant, you mustinform the department before attending, and certainly before the radiopharmaceutical is administered.
If you are breastfeeding, please inform the department before attending and you will be advised as to whether you will need to take any precautions. You may be advised to avoid breastfeeding for a few hours afterwards and you may need to express milk before your scan.
Can you bring a relative/friend?
Yes you can, but for reasons of safety, they may not be able to accompany you into the examination room, except in very special circumstances. Please do not bring children with you as they will potentially be exposed to radiation from other patients.
Arriving for your appointment
When you arrive for your appointment, please go to the reception desk, after which you will be shown where to wait until collected by a technologist.
The technologist will explain the procedure, and you can ask any questions. You may be asked some questions about your health, or whether you have had this examination before. You do not need to undress but you should remove any jewellery and metallic objects such as keys, coins or buckles.
What happens during the scan?
You will be taken to the examination room and made comfortable lying down on the examination couch. The technologist will give you an injection of a pre-treatment medicine and the radiopharmaceutical into a vein in the arm.
The technologist will position the gamma camera over your abdomen, and it will remain still, continuously taking pictures of your intestines. The scan typically lasts one hour, and it is important that you lie still during this scan.
Sometimes, your technologist may need to perform another view where the camera moves around you in a circular motion. This is called a SPECT scan. This can be combined with a CT or CAT scan and is then called a SPECT-CT scan. Your technologist will tell you if this is going to happen.
Will it be uncomfortable?
No. Apart from the injection, you will not feel anything.
How long will it take?
The scan lasts up to one hour, but occasionally your technologist may need to take further delayed pictures.
Can I listen to music or watch a movie while I have my scan?
Your technologist will ask you whether you would like to listen to music or watch a movie during your scan. You may bring in a CD or DVD, or select music from our selection.
Are there any after-effects?
The radiopharmaceutical causes no side-effects, nor will you feel drowsy. You can drive home afterwards and go about your normal activities.
In addition to mothers who are breastfeeding, parents with young children should notify the technologist, who will explain that it is advisable not to have prolonged close contact with them for the rest of the day. This is to avoid them being exposed to unnecessary radiation.
When will you get the results?
The scan will be examined after your visit and a written report on the findings will be sent to your referring doctor within 48 hours.
Please remember
The radiopharmaceutical required for this examination is ordered especially for you. If you cannot attend your appointment, please let the department know as soon as possible, so that we can use it for someone else.
We hope that this leaflet has answered your questions, but remember that this is only a starting point for discussion about your treatment with the doctors looking after you. Make sure you are satisfied that you have received enough information about the procedure.
Trinity Medical Imaging | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Category:Car manufacturers of Russia
A list of car manufacturers of Russia. See also Automotive industry in Russia. | WIKI |
Let’s create a page where the users of our app can login with their credentials. When we created our User Pool we asked it to allow a user to sign in and sign up with their email as their username. We’ll be touching on this further when we create the signup form.
So let’s start by creating the basic form that’ll take the user’s email (as their username) and password.
Add the Container
Create a new file src/containers/Login.js and add the following.
import React, { Component } from "react";
import { Button, FormGroup, FormControl, ControlLabel } from "react-bootstrap";
import "./Login.css";
export default class Login extends Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
email: "",
password: ""
};
}
validateForm() {
return this.state.email.length > 0 && this.state.password.length > 0;
}
handleChange = event => {
this.setState({
[event.target.id]: event.target.value
});
}
handleSubmit = event => {
event.preventDefault();
}
render() {
return (
<div className="Login">
<form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
<FormGroup controlId="email" bsSize="large">
<ControlLabel>Email</ControlLabel>
<FormControl
autoFocus
type="email"
value={this.state.email}
onChange={this.handleChange}
/>
</FormGroup>
<FormGroup controlId="password" bsSize="large">
<ControlLabel>Password</ControlLabel>
<FormControl
value={this.state.password}
onChange={this.handleChange}
type="password"
/>
</FormGroup>
<Button
block
bsSize="large"
disabled={!this.validateForm()}
type="submit"
>
Login
</Button>
</form>
</div>
);
}
}
We are introducing a couple of new concepts in this.
1. In the constructor of our component we create a state object. This will be where we’ll store what the user enters in the form.
2. We then connect the state to our two fields in the form by setting this.state.email and this.state.password as the value in our input fields. This means that when the state changes, React will re-render these components with the updated value.
3. But to update the state when the user types something into these fields, we’ll call a handle function named handleChange. This function grabs the id (set as controlId for the <FormGroup>) of the field being changed and updates its state with the value the user is typing in. Also, to have access to the this keyword inside handleChange we store the reference to an anonymous function like so: handleChange = (event) => { } .
4. We are setting the autoFocus flag for our email field, so that when our form loads, it sets focus to this field.
5. We also link up our submit button with our state by using a validate function called validateForm. This simply checks if our fields are non-empty, but can easily do something more complicated.
6. Finally, we trigger our callback handleSubmit when the form is submitted. For now we are simply suppressing the browsers default behavior on submit but we’ll do more here later.
Let’s add a couple of styles to this in the file src/containers/Login.css.
@media all and (min-width: 480px) {
.Login {
padding: 60px 0;
}
.Login form {
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 320px;
}
}
These styles roughly target any non-mobile screen sizes.
Add the Route
Now we link this container up with the rest of our app by adding the following line to src/Routes.js below our home <Route>.
<Route path="/login" exact component={Login} />
And include our component in the header.
import Login from "./containers/Login";
Now if we switch to our browser and navigate to the login page we should see our newly created form.
Login page added screenshot
Next, let’s connect our login form to our AWS Cognito set up. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Francis Macnamara Calcutt
Francis Macnamara Calcutt (1819 – 16 July 1863) was an Irish Liberal and Independent Irish Party politician.
The son of William Calcutt and Dora Macnamara, he was elected as an Independent Irish Member of Parliament (MP) for Clare in 1857 but was defeated at the next election in 1859. He regained the seat as a Liberal MP in a by-election in 1860, and remained in post until his death in 1863. He had married Georgina Martyn in 1842.
He was High Sheriff of Clare in 1857. | WIKI |
Colony Bankcorp, Inc. and TC Bancshares, Inc. Announce Signing of Definitive Merger Agreement to Create a Stronger Franchise in Key Georgia and Florida Markets
FITZGERALD, Ga. & THOMASVILLE, Ga., July 23, 2025--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Colony Bankcorp, Inc. (NYSE: CBAN) ("Colony" or the "Company"), the holding company for Colony Bank, and TC Bancshares, Inc. (OTCQX: TCBC) ("TC Bancshares"), the holding company for TC Federal Bank, today jointly announced the signing of a definitive merger agreement in which Colony has agreed to acquire 100% of the common stock of TC Bancshares in a combined stock-and-cash transaction valued at approximately $86.1 million (the "Merger"). The transaction is expected to form a stronger banking franchise focused on delivering enhanced customer service, expanded capabilities, and scalable, long-term growth.
This partnership brings together two like-minded institutions with complementary strengths, strong cultural alignment, and a shared commitment to community banking and enduring customer relationships.
"This merger marks an exciting step forward in our ability to better serve our customers and communities," said Colony’s Chief Executive Officer, Heath Fountain. "Together, we are creating a stronger franchise with deeper resources, broader reach, and an even greater focus on personalized service."
TC Bancshares President and Chief Executive Officer, Greg Eiford, added, "Colony and TC Federal share a common vision and guiding principles. This combination allows us to build on our legacy of community commitment while enhancing the products, services, and technology we offer to customers."
Greg Eiford will be joining the Colony team as an Executive Vice President and Chief Community Banking Officer. Other key members of TC Federal Bank will also be joining Colony’s team, bringing valuable experience and market knowledge that will strengthen our combined organization.
Under the terms of the agreement, each TC Bancshares shareholder will have the right to elect to receive either $21.25 in cash or 1.25 shares of Colony’s common stock in exchange for each share of TC Bancshares common stock, subject to customary proration and allocation procedures such that approximately 20% of TC Bancshares common stock will be converted to cash consideration and the remaining 80% will be converted to Colony common stock. The combined organization will have approximately $3.8 billion in total assets, $3.1 billion in total deposits, and $2.4 billion in loans, making it one of the leading community banks in the Southeast. The transaction is expected to be immediately accretive to Colony’s earnings per share, excluding one-time merger-related expenses, and will enhance Colony’s key performance ratios.
The boards of directors of both Colony and TC Bancshares have unanimously approved the transaction, which is expected to close in fourth quarter 2025, subject to regulatory approvals, shareholder approval, and other customary closing conditions.
A conference call with analysts will be held at 9:00 AM Eastern Time on Thursday, July 24, 2025. The conference call can be accessed by dialing 1-800-549-8228 and using the Conference ID: 22154. Participants are encouraged to dial in 15 minutes prior to the call. A replay of the call will be available until Thursday, July 31, 2025, by dialing 1-888-660-6264 and entering the passcode 22154#. An investor presentation will be available under the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website, www.colony.bank.
Advisors
Hovde Group, LLC served as financial advisor and Alston & Bird, LLP served as legal counsel to Colony. Performance Trust Capital Partners, LLC served as financial advisor to TC Bancshares and Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP served as its legal advisor.
About Colony Bankcorp, Inc.
Colony Bankcorp, Inc. is the bank holding company for Colony Bank. Founded in Fitzgerald, Georgia in 1975, Colony operates locations throughout Georgia as well as in Birmingham, Alabama; Tallahassee, Florida; and the Florida Panhandle. Colony Bank offers a range of banking solutions for personal and business customers. In addition to traditional banking services, Colony provides specialized solutions that include mortgage lending, government guaranteed lending, consumer insurance, wealth management, credit cards and merchant services. Colony’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "CBAN." For more information, please visit www.colony.bank. You can also follow the Company on social media.
About TC Bancshares, Inc.
TC Federal Bank was established in Thomasville, Georgia in 1934. What began as a savings and loan association by the citizens of Thomas County during the Great Depression, has grown into a $570 million dollar community bank serving the financial needs of families and businesses in Northern Florida and Southern Georgia. TC Federal Bank is built on a long-standing tradition of trust and offers expertise in personal and business banking, as well as real estate lending. Throughout its history, TC Federal Bank has stayed open and committed to serving the community through a variety of economic cycles. Today, they are proud to be home to some of the best bankers in the area. Through premium customer service and enriched customer relationships, TC Federal Bank is the bank you can trust for a lifetime. For more information on TC Federal Bank, visit www.tcfederal.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This news release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In general, forward-looking statements usually use words such as "may," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "will," "should," "plan," "estimate," "predict," "continue" and "potential" or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, including statements related to the expected timing of the closing of the Merger, the expected returns and other benefits of the Merger, to shareholders, expected improvement in operating efficiency resulting from the Merger, estimated expense reductions resulting from the transactions and the timing of achievement of such reductions, the impact on and timing of the recovery of the impact on tangible book value, and the effect of the Merger on the Company's capital ratios. Forward-looking statements represent management's beliefs, based upon information available at the time the statements are made, with regard to the matters addressed; they are not guarantees of future performance. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties that change over time and could cause actual results or financial condition to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such statements.
Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to (1) the risk that the cost savings and any revenue synergies from the Merger may not be realized or take longer than anticipated to be realized, (2) disruption from the Merger with customers, suppliers, employee or other business partners relationships, (3) the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the merger agreement, (4) the risk of successful integration of TC Bancshares' business into the Company, (5) the failure to obtain the necessary approvals by the shareholders of TC Bancshares or the Company, (6) the amount of the costs, fees, expenses and charges related to the Merger, (7) the ability by the Company to obtain required governmental approvals of the Merger, (8) reputational risk and the reaction of each of the companies’ customers, suppliers, employees or other business partners to the Merger, (9) the failure of the closing conditions in the merger agreement to be satisfied, or any unexpected delay in closing of the Merger, (10) the risk that the integration of TC Bancshares's operations into the operations of the Company will be materially delayed or will be more costly or difficult than expected, (11) the possibility that the Merger may be more expensive to complete than anticipated, including as a result of unexpected factors or events, (12) the dilution caused by the Company's issuance of additional shares of its common stock in the Merger transaction, and (13) general competitive, economic, political and market conditions.
These factors are not necessarily all of the factors that could cause the Company’s, TC Bancshares’ or the combined company’s actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any of the forward-looking statements. Other factors, including unknown or unpredictable factors, also could harm the Company’s, TC Bancshares’, or the combined company’s results.
The Company and TC Bancshares urge you to consider all of these risks, uncertainties and other factors carefully in evaluating all such forward-looking statements made by the Company and / or TC Bancshares. As a result of these and other matters, including changes in facts, assumptions not being realized or other factors, the actual results relating to the subject matter of any forward-looking statement may differ materially from the anticipated results expressed or implied in that forward-looking statement. Any forward-looking statement made in this news release or made by the Company or TC Bancshares in any report, filing, document or information incorporated by reference in this news release, speaks only as of the date on which it is made. The Company and TC Bancshares undertake no obligation to update any such forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law. A forward-looking statement may include a statement of the assumptions or bases underlying the forward-looking statement. The Company and TC Bancshares believe that these assumptions or bases have been chosen in good faith and that they are reasonable. However, the Company and TC Bancshares caution you that assumptions as to future occurrences or results almost always vary from actual future occurrences or results, and the differences between assumptions and actual occurrences and results can be material. Therefore, the Company and TC Bancshares caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this news release or incorporated by reference herein.
If the Company or TC Bancshares update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that the Company or TC Bancshares will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. Further information regarding the Company and factors which could affect the forward-looking statements contained herein can be found in the cautionary language included under the headings "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Risk Factors" in the Company's Annual Reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and other documents subsequently filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").
Additional Information About the Merger and Where to Find It
This news release does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities, or a solicitation of any vote or approval, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. In connection with the proposed Merger, the Company will file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-4 that will include a joint proxy statement of TC Bancshares and the Company and a prospectus of the Company, as well as other relevant documents concerning the proposed transaction. WE URGE INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS TO READ THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-4, THE JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS INCLUDED WITHIN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-4 AND ANY OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS TO BE FILED WITH THE SEC IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROPOSED MERGER BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY, TC BANCSHARES AND THE PROPOSED MERGER. The joint proxy statement/prospectus will be sent to the shareholders of TC Bancshares seeking the required shareholder approval. Investors and security holders will be able to obtain free copies of the registration statement on Form S-4 and the related joint proxy statement/prospectus, when filed, as well as other documents filed with the SEC by the Company through the web site maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov. Documents filed with the SEC by the Company will also be available free of charge by directing a written request to Colony Bankcorp, Inc., 115 South Grant Street, Fitzgerald, Georgia 31750, Attn: Derek Shelnutt and on the Company’s website, colony.bank, under Investor Relations. The Company’s telephone number is (229) 426-6000.
Participants in the Transaction
The Company, TC Bancshares and certain of their respective directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from the shareholders of TC Bancshares and the Company in connection with the proposed transaction. Certain information regarding the interests of these participants and a description of their direct and indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, will be included in the joint proxy statement/prospectus regarding the proposed transaction when it becomes available. Additional information about the Company and its directors and officers may be found in the definitive proxy statement of the Company relating to its 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders filed with the SEC on April 17, 2025. The definitive proxy statement can be obtained free of charge from the sources described above.
View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250723252192/en/
Contacts
For additional Colony Bankcorp Inc. information, contact: Derek Shelnutt EVP & Chief Financial Officer 229-426-6000 ext. 6119
For additional TC Bancshares Inc. information, contact: Greg Eiford President and Chief Executive Officer 229-224-1031 | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
A Sort of Life
A Sort of Life is the first volume of autobiography by British novelist Graham Greene, first published in 1971.
Overview of the book
This volume covers Greene's early life, from mundane childhood in Surrey, through to school and university and on to his early working life as a sub-editor at The Times and his years as a struggling novelist. His memoirs have been criticized for being oddly impersonal and for brushing over his marriage and his conversion to Catholicism, especially as his faith was to become a powerful motif in many of his novels. Despite these omissions he deals frankly with the personal demons he faced in his teens, including an account of several suicide attempts, the resulting psychoanalysis his father arranged for him, and his brief fascination with Russian roulette.
Key themes in the book
This is an autobiographical book that is short (190 pp in the 1973 pocket-book edition quoted below) and covers the early part of the author’s life, i.e. his childhood and his youth. It is written in a factual and detached style, but with great insight and, it seems, honesty; also, it is written with wit, irony and humor, ostensibly to bring “order” to the “chaos” of a life.
Among the themes covered, the book refers to English society (class prejudice); existential issues (dealing with one’s family, failure in life, coping with setbacks, revenge and bullying, false kindness, suicide and its allure, the quest for an adrenalin rush, the desire to prove oneself in life, extreme commitment in life, happiness, boredom, and loneliness); the life and travails of a writer of fiction (writing as a form of therapy and the posture of the novelist); psychoanalysis; education (including private education, boarding schools, private tuition and working as a private tutor, and university life); sex (the interest in sex in one’s teens); politics (Communism and patriotism); morality and ethics, as well as religion (Catholicism and faith); and journalism (and working as a sub-editor for a national newspaper).
Weirdly, there is little that is truly personal, let alone intimate, beyond the writer’s teen years; for instance, we do not learn anything about how or where or when he had his first sexual encounter. The quest for creativity (through writing, also seen as a form of therapy) and the fear of boredom (G Greene tended to depression right through his life) are 2 dominant themes.
Description of the content of the book
The book starts with a description of life at Berkhamsted School, with the nearby village of Northchurch. The author dwells on his extended and influential family, which is like “a tribe”, as well as his parents; his father became headmaster of the school in 1910. G Greene’s childhood is set in pre-war (i.e. pre-WWI) England; it has a distinct Victorian flavor to it. It sounds closer to the 19th century than to the 20th. G Greene discusses his parents’ marriage and his decision to become a Catholic.
G Greene reminisces on stays with relatives in the countryside or by the coast, also for holidays; his parents seem remote: his mother because it is in her nature, and his father because he seems to feel he should maintain some sort of distance, being the head of the school where his son is a pupil. The author discusses his fears, as a child, dreams, and memories. He talks about his “ailments”, his interaction with domestic animals, as a child, and the games they played.
As a young boy, he has a fascination with war and the military: the rumbles of war (WWI) are perceived to be some exciting, heroic adventure. The “social conditioning” and regimentation of school life does not seem to suit G Greene, who dwells on it in some detail. He deplores the “social snobbery” and the “exaggerated interest in royalty”. He describes his various hobbies, including collecting stamps, coins, Meccano, collecting “cigarette cards”, and his interest in books. G Greene notes that “the influence of early books is profound”, more so than all “religious teachings” as such. He comments on poetry. G Greene evokes his “earliest sexual memories”, visits to London and more particularly Soho. He discusses his favorite holiday resorts (more particularly Littlehampton, which they often went to ).
When he starts in prep school, it is a big change for G Greene; beatings feature; he hates gymnastics and physical activities. August 1914 comes and the war years follow – somewhat unreal and remote, insofar as war is concerned. The author starts practicing truancy on a regular basis in order to escape the tedious and authoritarian school routine: he hides in bushes near the school, by himself, reading, before heading home. He is now 13.
G Greene practices truancy with sophistication. He dwells on the “unhappiness in a child”, the “routine of the boarding school”, the scatology, and the “lavatory joke[s]”. He is subjected to bullying and “mental torture”, which makes him want to take revenge: this is described in detail, including the “desire for revenge”. These “years of humiliation” made him want to prove that he was good at something, conditioning him for the rest of his life, in fact.
G Greene notes that a suicide attempt is often “a cry for help”. In view of his unhappiness in boarding school, “his final breakdown” is caused by his hatred for the “ignoble routine of school”. A pitiful attempt at running away is short-lived but described in detail. But it brings about major changes, seemingly at the initiative of his father, who is concerned that his son may have been roped into a “masturbation ring” on the school’s premises! G Greene’s father is prompted to send his son to see a psychoanalyst – a daring thing to agree to in 1920.
Kenneth Richmond is to be G Greene’s analyst; G Greene is happy, if only because he feels free, in London, far from the school and its Victorian discipline. G Greene dwells on the psychoanalysis and the “dream diary” he has to keep. G Greene seems to have had a close relationship with the analyst, and to have appreciated his help; but the ‘transference’ goes awry when G Greene declares that he is besotted with K Richmond’s attractive wife, Zoe.
Boredom remains a great enemy and a constant fear, it seems (i.e. the fear of it ). G Greene is now in the VIth Form. He experiences “sentimental fantasies”. He writes a play but it fails to stir any significant interest: this is revealing of his early interest in literature, but also how harsh that world is; it gives him an insight into failure in life. G Greene discusses literature and faith, referring to various authors, including Richard Browning. He notes the state of “extreme sexual excitement” that one goes through between 16 and 20. There follows his first taste of alcohol, in the form of beer.
When he goes up to Oxford (Balliol, 1922), the author says that he is wrapped up in “lust and boredom and sentimentality”, pining for a grand love affair that will sweep him off his feet. His flirtation with a governess (in her late twenties) turns into “an obsessive passion”: he meets her while teaching the children of a wealthy family (a student’s job). This fling leads to nothing concrete, from what we understand. G Greene oscillates between the “reality of a passion” and the “burden of boredom”.
Partly to escape boredom, he attempts suicide, playing at Russian roulette with a handgun on several occasions – incidents he describes in chilling detail; later, he notes, working as a journalist in war zones provided him with the danger and adrenalin that the games of Russian roulette had done – but in a way that could seem legitimate. The aim, he implies, was still the same, i.e. to court danger in order to escape from boredom, while seeking some sort of purpose in one’s life.
G Greene spends 10 days in Paris; his encounter with Communists leaves him deeply disillusioned. At Oxford, G Greene starts drinking heavily as a “distraction” from boredom and aimlessness. A series of bizarre contacts with the inter-war German Embassy starts after G Greene offered his “services” as a “propagandist” for Germany. At the time, he seems to have wanted some adventure and excitement and to have harbored some sympathy with the German position, post-WWI. An odd trip to Germany follows; G Greene seems attracted by the craft of espionage, more than anything else, but decides not to pursue it any further.
He now wants to find a “career”. He has various interviews with companies in the tobacco and oil industry. All of this having failed, G Greene ends up working as a private tutor for Gabbitas & Thring (“I had a horror of becoming involved in teaching” ). After some tutoring, he ends up on an assignment in Nottingham, working for the local paper, the Nottingham Journal. G Greene mentions Vivien, his future wife, for the first time. He also dwells on religion, his focus being on Catholicism. G Greene is a reluctant believer, as he is, at first, a skeptic, but various priests have some influence on him and this leads to his first confession. He is 22 and “fresh from Oxford” at the time.
In parallel, G Greene plans or starts or actually writes various novels. When he lands a job on The Times of London as a sub-editor, however, he is happy. He now lives in Battersea. He talks about the General Strike of 1926. G Greene feels “accepted” at the newspaper – perhaps for the first time in his life. He is still writing novels and discusses the trade and psychology of the novelist: There is “a splinter of ice” in the writer’s heart (cf. incident of the child who died in hospital, witnessed by G Greene ).
G Greene discovers that he may have been diagnosed with epilepsy when a young man, but was not told by his father. G Greene is now married, works at the newspaper, and writes his novels. But he remains restless: so long as he will not have managed to have a successful novel published, he will feel that he is living in failure and, unlike some of his peers, he cannot satisfy himself with that state of affairs; he will discover later on that having one ‘good’ novel published is not enough, as the second one may be as much of a struggle to produce, or more… G Greene dwells on having one’s first novel accepted by a publisher and the world of publishing.
Eventually, to focus entirely on his budding writing career, G Greene decides to resign from The Times; it is 1929 and he lived to regret it. At the time, he had been given an advance by a publisher to write a number of novels and felt his career as a writer was taking off and could be lucrative. As he was to realize, this was “a false start” in the wake of his first novel’s success. G Greene discusses his foray into literature at the time.
He adapts well to life in a village, on the edge of Chipping Campden: with his wife, they live in a house. Life in the Cotswolds has its interests, including colorful local characters described in some detail (the priest, the deaf architect, a “troupe of strolling players”, gypsies, tramps, pea pickers, rat catchers, the local madman…). But the advance paid to G Greene (three years) comes to an end and he has failed to produce a best-seller; there follow several pages on publishing and royalties. Mired in libel action and a sense of failure, G Greene feels that the “temporary nature of any possible success” is the lesson to be drawn.
The last two pages of the book discuss the nature of failure and success, in connexion with a writer’s career: the “lack of ambition” found in many of his peers leaves G Greene puzzled, even though “the unreality of his success” is a constant feature of a writer’s career and life. G Greene talks of a trip to Siam (now, Thailand) where he stayed with an old Oxford friend who had chosen a career in education and had given up on his youthful ambitions; he was content. They got on well and the last lines of the book are a quotation of the casual conversation they had at the time. | WIKI |
How to Delete an Element From A List In Julia?
8 minutes read
To delete an element from a list in Julia, you can use the deleteat!() function. This function takes the list as the first argument, and the index of the element to be deleted as the second argument. The deleteat!() function modifies the original list in place by removing the specified element. Simply call this function with the appropriate arguments to delete an element from a list in Julia.
Best Julia Books to Read in August 2024
1
Julia - Bit by Bit: Programming for Beginners (Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science)
Rating is 5 out of 5
Julia - Bit by Bit: Programming for Beginners (Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science)
2
Julia as a Second Language: General purpose programming with a taste of data science
Rating is 4.9 out of 5
Julia as a Second Language: General purpose programming with a taste of data science
3
Julia 1.0 By Example
Rating is 4.8 out of 5
Julia 1.0 By Example
4
Think Julia: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist
Rating is 4.7 out of 5
Think Julia: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist
5
Julia High Performance: Optimizations, distributed computing, multithreading, and GPU programming with Julia 1.0 and beyond, 2nd Edition
Rating is 4.6 out of 5
Julia High Performance: Optimizations, distributed computing, multithreading, and GPU programming with Julia 1.0 and beyond, 2nd Edition
6
Julia Programming for Operations Research
Rating is 4.5 out of 5
Julia Programming for Operations Research
7
Web Development with Julia and Genie: A hands-on guide to high-performance server-side web development with the Julia programming language
Rating is 4.4 out of 5
Web Development with Julia and Genie: A hands-on guide to high-performance server-side web development with the Julia programming language
8
Julia 1.0 Programming: Dynamic and high-performance programming to build fast scientific applications, 2nd Edition
Rating is 4.3 out of 5
Julia 1.0 Programming: Dynamic and high-performance programming to build fast scientific applications, 2nd Edition
How to delete elements from a list without creating a new list in Julia?
You can use the deleteat! function in Julia to remove an element from a list without creating a new list. The deleteat! function takes a list and an index as arguments and removes the element at that index from the original list.
Here's an example of how to use the deleteat! function to remove an element from a list without creating a new list:
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# Create a list
mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# Remove the element at index 3 from the list
deleteat!(mylist, 3)
# The element at index 3 (which is 3) has been removed from the list
println(mylist) # Output: [1, 2, 4, 5]
In this example, the element at index 3 (which is 3) has been removed from the mylist without creating a new list.
How to remove elements using array slicing in Julia?
To remove elements using array slicing in Julia, you can create a new array that excludes the elements you want to remove by using the : operator and concatenation.
Here's an example:
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# Create an array
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# Remove elements 4, 5, and 6
new_arr = [arr[1:3]; arr[7:end]]
# Display the new array
println(new_arr)
This code snippet removes elements 4, 5, and 6 from the original array arr by creating a new array new_arr that concatenates the elements before and after the elements to be removed. In this case, elements 1 to 3 and elements 7 to the end are concatenated to create the new array without elements 4, 5, and 6.
You can customize the slicing parameters based on the elements you want to remove from the array.
How to delete elements from a list without using loops in Julia?
In Julia, you can delete elements from a list without using loops by using array comprehensions or filtering functions. Here are some examples:
1. Using array comprehensions:
1
2
3
4
5
# Create a list
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# Use array comprehension to delete elements from the list
new_list = [x for x in list if x != 3]
1. Using the filter function:
1
2
3
4
5
# Create a list
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# Use the filter function to delete elements from the list
new_list = filter(x -> x != 3, list)
In both examples, the element "3" is deleted from the original list. You can replace the condition x != 3 with any other condition you want to filter out elements from the list.
What is the macro for removing elements from a list in Julia?
The deleteat!() function is used to remove elements from a list in Julia. You can specify the index or indices of the element(s) you want to remove, like this:
1
deleteat!(mylist, index)
where mylist is the list you want to modify and index is the index of the element you want to remove. You can also specify a range of indices to remove multiple elements at once, like this:
1
deleteat!(mylist, range)
where range is a range of indices of elements you want to remove from the list.
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To create a shared Julia environment for all users, follow these steps:Choose a suitable location: Decide on a directory where you want to set up the shared Julia environment. It could be a system-wide location accessible by all users. Install Julia: Download ... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
~singpolyma/biboumi
0878a0342c5a2ae6abcfaecc2d9f0c9d3fd0dbad — louiz’ 7 years ago e4cc696
Do not allow pings from resources that aren’t in the channel
fix #3252
2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
M src/bridge/bridge.cpp
M tests/end_to_end/__main__.py
M src/bridge/bridge.cpp => src/bridge/bridge.cpp +2 -1
@@ 744,9 744,10 @@ void Bridge::send_irc_participant_ping_request(const Iid& iid, const std::string
const std::string& iq_id, const std::string& to_jid,
const std::string& from_jid)
{
Jid from(to_jid);
IrcClient* irc = this->get_irc_client(iid.get_server());
IrcChannel* chan = irc->get_channel(iid.get_local());
if (!chan->joined)
if (!chan->joined || !this->is_resource_in_chan(iid.to_tuple(), from.resource))
{
this->xmpp.send_stanza_error("iq", to_jid, from_jid, iq_id, "cancel", "not-allowed",
"", true);
M tests/end_to_end/__main__.py => tests/end_to_end/__main__.py +28 -0
@@ 1139,6 1139,34 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
partial(expect_stanza,
"/iq[@from='#foo%{irc_server_one}/{nick_one}'][@type='result'][@to='{jid_one}/{resource_one}'][@id='first_ping']"),
]),
Scenario("self_ping_not_in_muc",
[
handshake_sequence(),
partial(send_stanza,
"<presence from='{jid_one}/{resource_one}' to='#foo%{irc_server_one}/{nick_one}' />"),
connection_sequence("irc.localhost", '{jid_one}/{resource_one}'),
partial(expect_stanza,
"/message/body[text()='Mode #foo [+nt] by {irc_host_one}']"),
partial(expect_stanza,
("/presence[@to='{jid_one}/{resource_one}'][@from='#foo%{irc_server_one}/{nick_one}']/muc_user:x/muc_user:item[@affiliation='admin'][@role='moderator']",
"/presence/muc_user:x/muc_user:status[@code='110']")
),
partial(expect_stanza, "/message[@from='#foo%{irc_server_one}'][@type='groupchat']/subject[not(text())]"),
# Send a ping to ourself, in a muc where we’re not
partial(send_stanza,
"<iq type='get' from='{jid_one}/{resource_one}' id='first_ping' to='#nil%{irc_server_one}/{nick_one}'><ping xmlns='urn:xmpp:ping' /></iq>"),
# Immediately receive an error
partial(expect_stanza,
"/iq[@from='#nil%{irc_server_one}/{nick_one}'][@type='error'][@to='{jid_one}/{resource_one}'][@id='first_ping']/error/stanza:not-allowed"),
# Send a ping to ourself, in a muc where we are, but not this resource
partial(send_stanza,
"<iq type='get' from='{jid_one}/{resource_two}' id='first_ping' to='#foo%{irc_server_one}/{nick_one}'><ping xmlns='urn:xmpp:ping' /></iq>"),
# Immediately receive an error
partial(expect_stanza,
"/iq[@from='#foo%{irc_server_one}/{nick_one}'][@type='error'][@to='{jid_one}/{resource_two}'][@id='first_ping']/error/stanza:not-allowed"),
]),
Scenario("self_ping_on_real_channel",
[
handshake_sequence(), | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
An Overview of the Three Different Types Of Nerve Injury
Nerve injuries occur from all different types of medical problems. The issue can range anywhere from a gunshot injury to a blunt force trauma associated with a motor vehicle accident to compression from a tumor. It’s a good idea to have an understanding of the different ways a nerve can be injured. That way one can understand the prospects for recovery.
The first type of nerve injury is called a neurapraxia. In this injury the nerve itself maintains all of its internal connections. The anatomy of the inner nerve root is not altered and the injury simply represents a physiologic block of the nerve conduction.
Examples of a neurapraxic injury include having a tourniquet in place to stop bleeding. This may be during surgery or in a trauma situation to prevent too much blood loss. Having the tourniquet in place for too long may cause permanent injury to the peripheral nerves in the extremity. This is why surgeons often let down the extremity tourniquet every hour or so to let blood flow come back into the region and replenish the peripheral nerves.
Another type of neurapraxic injury is when an alcoholic passes out and sustains what’s called a “Saturday Night Palsy”. Normally as humans sleep they move around a lot. This prevents our nerve roots from being compressed in one position for too long. If a person is overly intoxicated he or she may not move around and end up with a compression injury, such as having an arm over a park bench and it being compressed consistently overnight.
As long as the neurapraxic injury has not been continuously in place for an extended period of time, there is potential for recovery, maybe even complete recovery. Out of the three types of nerve injuries, neurapraxia is typically the best for recovery since the anatomical structures are themselves intact.
The next category of a nerve injury is termed an axonotmesis. This injury represents an anatomical interruption of the internal peripheral nerve structures, the axons, however the connective tissue external framework remains predominantly intact.
This type of nerve injury requires significant regrowth of the axon, not just a “waking up” of the existing axon as with a neurapraxia. The axon needs to regrow along its path towards the target muscle it controls. In adults, this growth occurs at a rate of 1 inch monthly, or about 1 mm per day.
An example of an axonotmesis injury is in a car accident where the crush injury is more severe than a neuropraxia. The recovery possibilities are pretty good as the framework telling the axons where to go is intact.
The last type of nerve injury is the most severe and is termed neurotmesis. This occurs when there is actually a transection or disruption of the axon along with the connective tissue. A gunshot or knife injury may result in this injury. Early surgical treatment is typically recommended as spontaneous recovery is very unusual.
Source by David L Greene | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Vattekkunnam
Vattekunnam is a neighborhood in Kochi, India. A railway tunnel on V P Marakkar Rd connects the area to National Highway 47 at Edappally Toll. | WIKI |
Portal:Cricket/Anniversaries/August/August 1
* In India
* 1955 - Arun Lal born.
* In England
* 1961 - Richie Benaud takes 5 wickets for 12 runs at old Trafford, saving the Ashes series for Australia.
* 1993 - The England women's cricket team win the Women's Cricket World Cup, their first win since the 1st World Cup in 1973. | WIKI |
Page:The Marquess Cornwallis and the Consolidation of British Rule.djvu/88
82 the Company cannot keep up an efficient European force in India ; this is a fact so notorious that no military man who has been in this country will venture to deny it, and I do not care how strongly I am quoted as authority for it.
'The circumstances, however, of the native troops are very different. It is highly expedient and indeed absolutely necessary for the public good, that the officers who are destined to serve in these corps should come out at an early period of life and devote themselves entirely to the Indian service; a perfect knowledge of the language, and a minute attention to the customs and religious prejudices of the Sepoys, being qualifications for that line which cannot be dispensed with. Were these officers to make a part of the King's army, it would soon become a practice to exchange their commissions with ruined officers from England, who would be held in contempt by their inferior officers and in abhorrence by their soldiers, and you need not be told how dangerous a disaffection in our native troops would be to our existence in this country. I think, therefore, that as you cannot make laws to bind the King's prerogative in the exchange or promotions of his army, it would be much the safest determination to continue the native troops in the Company's service, and by doing so you would still leave to the Court of Directors the patronage of cadets, and of course give some popularity to the measure. | WIKI |
iStock
When your knees are sore, it's easy to dismiss. You just went too hard at the gym. You must be getting older; don't think about it! It's summer — who has body aches in summer?
But knee pain isn't something you should get used to. It can happen at any age, for a number of reasons. So when your knees are sore, when should you get them looked at? Doctors say that when knee pain becomes more than an occasional issue, it's time to get things checked out.
"A good metric to go by is if you see that you have to make constant adjustments to your everyday routine in order to accommodate the pain, then it’s likely time to see a doctor," says Dr. Armin Tehrany, founder of Manhattan Orthopedic Care and an honorary surgeon for the NYPD. "If you are feeling levels of discomfort that prevent you from completing simple tasks like walking, handling errands, or even working out, you should see a doctor. You should also check if there are symptoms of swelling or redness around the area where you are feeling pain."
What might a doctor suggest if your knees are sore?
A doctor may suggest daily stretching and strengthening exercises to improve mobility if your knees are sore. They can also determine if you're wearing proper footwear, which will help maintain proper leg alignment and balance, preventing further injury.
knees are sore
Tehrany also says that, despite the widespread belief that damp, cool weather makes joints ache, some people's knees are sore more frequently in the summer. That, in itself, isn't cause for alarm. "Our joints have baroreceptors, which can sense changes in air pressure," he says. "When temperatures rise, or fall, our joints can feel an increased sensation of pain due to the change in air pressure, which ultimately causes our joints to tighten and stiffen. This is especially true if someone already suffers from runner’s knee or another type of overuse injury. Air pressure can change in both warm and cold climates, so if you feel pain or discomfort in your knees when running in the summer, it doesn't indicate anything more serious than if someone were to feel pain when it's damp outside."
Signs of a more urgent problem — warranting a trip to the ER — include being unable to walk on your knee; severe pain with fever; or swelling accompanied by heat or redness. In all those cases, you should be evaluated for a fracture or ligament or tendon injury ASAP.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Java with NNTP and MySQL
Hello,
I want to write a program in Java that has the ability to read from any NNTP server and their news groups. Read the posts, and put the attachments, if any, into the local drive. Then write a record indicating this has occurred.
Of course the program would be smart enough to detect which posts are new, only only read the new ones.
My problem is that there doesn't seem to be a easy to use NNTP class for Java.... Am I searching for the wrong thing?
the Java Mail API doesn't support this anymore, and project Knife is no longer active.
Please give me a hand....
LVL 6
SamsonChungAsked:
Who is Participating?
I wear a lot of hats...
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mrcoffee365Commented:
Have you looked at James, the NNTP and POP3 server from Apache?
http://james.apache.org/
0
SamsonChungAuthor Commented:
I don't own the NNTP server... nor am I hosting it..
I just want the ability to record dialogs and attachments on a News Server and put them into a DB.
0
mrcoffee365Commented:
Yes, so you want an application which will successfully read an nntp transmission. The code for james is open source, so you can get the source and look at how they do it. By reading the dialogs and attachments from an nntp server, you are performing the main tasks of an nntp server.
If you want to look at different examples, you can check the Mozilla open source browser code for reading the input stream from an nntp server -- but that's not in Java.
0
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mrcoffee365Commented:
Just searching for nntp and Java, I found this example of an NNTP client written in Java -- that's another way to get started.
http://www.devdaily.com/java/jwarehouse/commons-net-1.2.2/src/java/org/apache/commons/net/nntp/NNTPClient.java.shtml
0
Ajay-SinghCommented:
0
mrcoffee365Commented:
Ajay-Singh -- I agree, the gnu JavaMail seems like a reasonable possibility. Sun's Java mail library has deprecated the nntp connection, as SamsonChung mentioned above.
0
SamsonChungAuthor Commented:
Mrcoffee,
I was reading that page.... it is a copy of the Apache's version, which requires a dozen of Apache specialized class files....
Sigh, I think I might have to write it completely on my own.
0
mrcoffee365Commented:
A lot of people do write their own custom reader of nntp. If you think that your NNTP feed will be fairly standard, then it might not be bad to write your own feeder.
On the other hand, it seems a shame to reinvent the wheel, when all you have to do is get some Apache classes. Totally up to you, of course.
0
SamsonChungAuthor Commented:
Hey Mr coffee,
I've decided to 'NOT' write my own NNTP client.. infact, I'll use the one you suggested. the Apache one..
I am not stuck at, locating the jar file for org.apache.commons.net
Is there a way I can do this without hunting down the java files? Like Via Eclipse?? Or a place for downloading the source to apache.
0
SamsonChungAuthor Commented:
remove not,
I am NOW stuck at....
0
mrcoffee365Commented:
I think it's a better idea to use apache code instead of writing your own.
You have to get the jars -- Eclipse doesn't know more than you do.
The way to find jars on the Web is to put "org.apache.commons.net" into Google, and follow the obvious links. I did that and the first link was to the change notes page for Apache Commons/Net. The download link on that page led here:
http://commons.apache.org/net/download.html
Good luck!
0
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Email Protocols
From novice to tech pro — start learning today. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Five Nights At Freddy's 4 DLC
What is this?
This does not deserve a separate page, and furthermore it's a massive mess with no proper citations and horrible writing and grammar. Please delete this. SirLagsalott (talk) 18:12, 14 October 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
How to Prevent Snoring With These 5 Effective Strategies
Tired of being woken up by your own or your partner's loud snoring every night? You're not alone. Many of us face this frustrating problem that disrupts our precious sleep. But fret not, because there are effective ways to tackle it. In this exploration, we're diving deep into the issue to uncover how to prevent snoring and reclaim peaceful nights of sleep.
Ever found yourself wondering how to prevent snoring at night or while sleeping soundly? It's a common concern that often leaves us feeling exhausted and irritable during the day. But understanding how to address this issue can make a world of difference.
Snoring isn't just an annoyance; it can also signal underlying health issues that need attention. By learning how to prevent snoring, you're not only silencing the noise but also taking proactive steps toward improving your overall well-being.
Throughout this journey, we'll focus on practical methods on how to prevent snoring, offering solutions that you can easily incorporate into your daily routine. Whether you're a snorer or the sleep-deprived listener, our goal is to help you find relief and enjoy uninterrupted sleep. So, let's dive in and explore how to fix snoring for a better night's rest.
Understanding the Causes of Snoring
Snoring can be more than just a nightly nuisance; it can disrupt your sleep and impact your overall well-being. Let's delve into the various factors that contribute to snoring and how to prevent snoring with different llifestyle choices.
Common factors contributing to snoring include,
• Blocked nasal passages due to allergies, colds, or sinus infections.
• Relaxation of throat muscles during sleep, leading to airway obstruction.
• Obesity or excess weight, which can cause fat deposits around the neck and throat.
• Structural issues such as enlarged tonsils or a deviated septum.
The answer to how to prevent snoring while sleeping lies in the significant impact of lifestyle choices on snoring. Poor sleep habits, such as sleeping on your back or consuming alcohol before bedtime, can exacerbate snoring. Smoking can also irritate the throat and nasal passages, increasing the likelihood of snoring.
Understanding these factors is crucial in addressing snoring effectively. By making simple lifestyle changes and addressing underlying issues, you can take proactive steps in how to prevent snoring and enjoy more restful nights of sleep.
Key Strategies to Prevent Snoring
Snoring is a common issue that affects many people, but there are several effective strategies you can implement to reduce or eliminate it. Let's explore how to prevent snoring with some key methods to help you enjoy quieter and more restful nights of sleep.
Maintaining a Healthy Weight
Excess weight, particularly around the neck and throat area, can contribute to snoring by narrowing the airways during sleep. If you are looking for answers to how to prevent snoring, maintaining a healthy weight is the option. Shedding those extra pounds can often lead to a significant reduction in snoring frequency and intensity.
Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is essential. Here are some tips to help you get started,
• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.
• Incorporate regular exercise into your routine, aiming for at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week.
• Avoid crash diets or extreme weight loss methods, as they can be harmful to your overall health.
• Seek support from a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian if you need guidance or assistance with weight management.
Adopting Sleep Hygiene Practices
Good sleep hygiene plays a crucial role in reducing snoring and improving the quality of your sleep. By following a few simple guidelines, you can create an optimal sleep environment that promotes restful sleep and minimizes snoring episodes.
Here is how to prevent snoring with some essential sleep hygiene practices to incorporate into your nightly routine:
• Stick to a consistent sleep schedule, going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends.
• Create a relaxing bedtime routine to signal to your body that it's time to wind down and prepare for sleep.
• Make your bedroom conducive to sleep by keeping it cool, dark, and quiet.
• Invest in a comfortable mattress and pillows that provide adequate support for your head and neck.
• Limit exposure to screens, such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, before bedtime, as the blue light emitted can disrupt your natural sleep-wake cycle.
Sleeping Positions and Pillow Support
The position in which you sleep can have a significant impact on snoring. Certain sleeping positions, such as sleeping on your back, can exacerbate snoring by causing the tongue and soft tissues in the throat to collapse backward, obstructing the airway.
To reduce snoring, try sleeping on your side instead of your back. Using pillows to support your head and neck can also help maintain proper alignment and prevent snoring.
Here is how to prevent snoring with some ideal sleeping positions and pillow support options to consider:
• Side sleeping: Lie on your side with your head elevated slightly by using a firm pillow.
• Elevate your head: Prop up your head with an extra pillow or invest in a wedge-shaped pillow designed to elevate the upper body, reducing the likelihood of snoring.
• Avoid sleeping on your back: If you tend to roll onto your back during sleep, try placing a pillow behind you to discourage this position.
Avoiding Alcohol and Sedatives Before Bedtime
Alcohol and sedatives can relax the muscles in the throat and tongue, leading to increased snoring. Limiting or avoiding these substances before bedtime can help reduce snoring and improve the quality of your sleep.
Here's how alcohol and sedatives contribute to snoring:
• Alcohol acts as a depressant, slowing down the central nervous system and causing relaxation of the muscles in the throat and tongue.
• Sedatives, such as certain medications or sleep aids, have a similar effect on the body, promoting muscle relaxation and potentially exacerbating snoring.
Instead of relying on alcohol or sedatives for relaxation before bedtime, consider trying alternative relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, or meditation.
Using Nasal Strips or Nasal Dilators
Nasal strips and nasal dilators are simple yet effective devices designed to help improve airflow through the nasal passages, reducing snoring caused by nasal congestion or obstruction.
Here's how nasal strips and nasal dilators work:
Nasal strips: These adhesive strips are applied to the outside of the nose and work by gently pulling open the nasal passages, allowing for easier breathing through the nose.
Nasal dilators: These small, flexible devices are inserted into the nostrils and help to expand the nasal passages, reducing congestion and improving airflow.
To use nasal strips or nasal dilators effectively, follow these guidelines:
• Clean and dry your nose before applying the strip or inserting the dilator.
• Position the strip correctly on the bridge of your nose, following the instructions provided on the packaging.
• Replace nasal strips or dilators regularly, as directed by the manufacturer, to ensure optimal effectiveness.
By incorporating these key strategies into your daily routine, you can take proactive steps to prevent snoring and enjoy quieter and more restful nights of sleep. Remember that consistency is key, so stick with your chosen methods and monitor their effectiveness over time. If snoring persists despite your efforts, consider seeking advice from a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying medical conditions and explore additional treatment options.
Additional Lifestyle Adjustments
Making simple lifestyle adjustments can significantly reduce snoring and improve sleep quality. By focusing on dietary changes, managing allergies, and incorporating regular exercise, you can address underlying factors contributing to snoring.
Dietary Changes to Reduce Snoring
Avoiding spicy foods, dairy products, and heavy meals close to bedtime can minimize mucus production and nasal congestion, which are common triggers for snoring. Instead, opt for anti-inflammatory foods like fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids to promote better airflow and reduce inflammation in the airways.
Managing Allergies and Nasal Congestion
Identify and avoid allergens that trigger nasal congestion, such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander. Use nasal decongestants or saline sprays to alleviate congestion and improve nasal airflow, reducing the likelihood of snoring.
Regular Exercise and Its Impact on Snoring
Engage in regular aerobic exercise, such as walking or cycling, for at least 30 minutes most days of the week. Targeted throat and tongue exercises can also strengthen muscles in the airway, reducing the severity of snoring.
So how do you prevent snoring? By implementing these lifestyle adjustments, you can proactively address snoring and enjoy quieter, more restful nights of sleep. If snoring persists despite these changes, consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment options.
Seeking Professional Help
If lifestyle adjustments fail to alleviate snoring, it may be time to seek professional help. Consult a healthcare professional or a sleep specialist to evaluate your snoring and explore additional treatment options.
They may recommend undergoing a sleep study to diagnose any underlying sleep disorders contributing to snoring. Treatment options may include oral appliances (Anti-Snoring Mouthpiece), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, or surgical interventions, depending on the severity and underlying cause of snoring.
ZQuiet's anti-snoring mouthpiece offers a simple yet effective solution to the pervasive problem of snoring. Designed with comfort and effectiveness in mind, it gently positions the lower jaw forward to maintain an open airway during sleep, reducing or eliminating the vibrations that cause snoring. Its adjustable feature ensures a personalized fit for each user, promoting better airflow and undisturbed rest for both the wearer and their sleeping partner. With its sleek design and easy-to-use functionality, ZQuiet provides a practical remedy for snorers seeking a peaceful night's sleep.
In conclusion, the answer to how to prevent snoring requires a multifaceted approach that may include lifestyle adjustments and professional intervention. By taking proactive steps to prevent snoring, you can enjoy quieter nights and improved sleep quality. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tuesday, December 8, 2015
CHALLENGE #8: Stability Ball Workout (abs & legs)
Do you have a stability ball at home that is more like a clothes rack in the corner? I do. I go through periods where I use it every day, and then some where it is left alone to gather dust for months.
Stability balls are useful in many different ways. Using it as a mechanism for balance makes muscles work harder to do any given movement, therefore increasing the benefit of the movement.
Try this...
Warm Up:
Something I mentioned awhile back in a post titled, "Gettin' Tricky", is using my stability ball for sit-ups with deeper extension.
For the length of one song, sit up tall on your ball with your feet flat on the ground and pressed down firmly. Bend your knees at a 90 degree angle. Place your hands behind your head lacing your fingers together, and keeping your your elbows as far away from your ears as possible.
With control, lean backward as far as you can without altering your body position, and then come forward beyond 90 degrees to your lap.
Keep this backward-forward motion going in rhythm to the song, for its entirety.
Workout:
Back extension (stomach on ball)- 15 reps
Ball wall squats (ball between back and wall)- 15 reps
Leg raises with ball pass (lie on back, pass between hands and feet)- 15 reps
Ball plank with leg raise (hands on ground, raise one leg at at time)- 30 reps (15 reps per leg)
Ball jack-knifes (use ball as foot support, hands on ground, bring knees to chest)- 15 reps
Russian squats (use ball as foot support)- 30 reps (15 reps per leg)
Repeat x3
Cool Down: Repeat warm up. Choose a different song and maintain a slower pace. As always, I recommend doing a simple yoga flow cool down as well.
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15 years after September 11 attacks, downtown New York keeps rising
Sunday marks the 15th anniversary of the 9/11 tragedy, a horrific event we will all stop and reflect on once again. For those of us — like myself — who were here that day, or those of us who lost loved ones or dear friends, it is especially difficult. Most of us who were here rarely talk about what happened. I'm like most people I know: I've taken what happened and tucked it into a very small, compartmentalized part of my memory, and very rarely open the box and let it out. But on the rare occasions when I unlock that box, the same memories jump out. The first is of Bill Meehan, one of a half-dozen or so friends who died that day. Bill was chief market analyst at Cantor Fitzgerald, famous for his outrageous Hawaiian shirts, quick wit, and sharp market analysis. Bill, myself, and Tony Dwyer had been out the week before at the back bar at the Four Seasons on 57th Street, then a favorite watering hole for the hedge fund set. The markets were already more than 20 percent off the April 2000 highs, and I remember getting into a heated discussion with several traders furious over the direction of the markets (they were losing money on a bad bet on several stocks and blamed CNBC, naturally). Meehan, never one to shrink from an argument, got into a spirited debate with them. That was the last time I saw him. And then there are the memories. The fragments: The beautiful thing about life is that it goes on. Downtown New York is completely different now. 60,000 people live below Chambers Street, many of them millennials who have filled up the buildings that formerly housed Wall Street firms. Nearly 5,000 new apartment units are under construction. The World Financial Center across the street is a success. More than a quarter-million people a day commute through Santiago Calatrava's magnificent transit hub. The Westfield World Trade Center has just opened with nearly 125 shops, and Eataly, that homage to all things Italian, is going strong. And yesterday, the design for the new Perelman Performing Arts Center was unveiled, with a flexible design that will hold several theaters. And the tourists. They come by the tens of thousands each day — about 14.2 million last year alone. So many that on most days they dominate the downtown. Mostly, they come to see the Memorial. When it was first completed, I was baffled. It's a hole in the ground with water around it. How is that a memorial? But when I asked myself what I would put up, nothing seemed right. I finally came around to exactly what they had done. It draws the mind inward. It's peaceful. The visitors are respectful but not unduly somber. The names of those who died are engraved around the two Memorials. There is commercial development around the site but it is not intrusive. The tone feels right. And Bill Meehan? I've been by the Memorial several times, and always stop by his engraving. I never did eliminate his AOL Instant Messenger handle. It still sits there, my own little memorial to my friend. If you're by the Memorial, stop by to pay your respects to Bill. William J. Meehan, Jr. Panel N-27, North Memorial Pool. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Szekendi, M K AU - Sullivan, C AU - Bobb, A AU - Feinglass, J AU - Rooney, D AU - Barnard, C AU - Noskin, G A TI - Active surveillance using electronic triggers to detect adverse events in hospitalized patients AID - 10.1136/qshc.2005.014589 DP - 2006 Jun 01 TA - Quality and Safety in Health Care PG - 184--190 VI - 15 IP - 3 4099 - http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/15/3/184.short 4100 - http://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/15/3/184.full SO - Qual Saf Health Care2006 Jun 01; 15 AB - Background: Adverse events (AEs) occur with alarming frequency in health care and can have a significant impact on both patients and caregivers. There is a pressing need to understand better the frequency, nature, and etiology of AEs, but currently available methodologies to identify AEs have significant limitations. We hypothesized that it would be possible to design a method to conduct real time active surveillance and conducted a pilot study to identify adverse events and medical errors. Methods: Records were selected based on 21 electronically obtained triggers, including abnormal laboratory values and high risk and antidote medications. Triggers were chosen based on their expected potential to signal AEs occurring during hospital admissions. Each AE was rated for preventability and severity and categorized by type of event. Reviews were performed by an interdisciplinary patient safety team. Results: Over a 3 month period 327 medical records were reviewed; at least one AE or medical error was identified in 243 (74%). There were 163 preventable AEs (events in which there was a medical error that resulted in patient harm) and 138 medical errors that did not lead to patient harm. Interventions to prevent or ameliorate harm were made following review of the medical records of 47 patients. Conclusions: This methodology of active surveillance allows for the identification and assessment of adverse events among hospitalized patients. It provides a unique opportunity to review events at or near the time of their occurrence and to intervene and prevent harm. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Should You Buy the Post-Earnings Dip in Pinterest Stock?
Pinterest (PINS) shares slipped as much as 15% on Friday after the social media firm recorded $0.33 a share of earnings for its second quarter (Q2) – short of the $0.35 per share expected.
Investors were spooked also because the company said tariffs and the related uncertainty remained a lingering concern for advertisers in the second half of 2025.
Dear Ford Stock Fans, Mark Your Calendar for August 11
Should You Buy the 40% Post-Earnings Plunge in The Trade Desk Stock?
Elon Musk Predicts Tesla Will ‘Have Autonomous Ride-Hailing in Probably Half the Population of the US by the End of the Year’
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Pinterest stock has been in a sharp uptrend over the past four months. Despite today’s plunge, it’s up nearly 50% versus its low set in late April.
While the NYSE-listed firm did come in slightly shy of the EPS estimate for its Q2, the company’s financial release was, nonetheless, largely positive for long-term investors.
For starters, Pinterest continued to grow its user base at an exciting pace, ending the quarter with 578 million monthly active users (MAUs), up some 3.5 million sequentially.
More importantly, the San Francisco-headquartered company guided for $1.033 billion to $1.053 billion in revenue for its current financial quarter, handily beating analysts at $1.025 billion.
Together, this suggests the post-earnings decline in PINS shares may be a buying opportunity, especially if you plan on owning them for the long term.
Bank of America analyst Justin Post recommends buying Pinterest shares on the post-earnings decline since the company’s revenue grew a more than expected 17% to nearly $1 billion in Q2.
According to him, AI-powered advertising tools like Performance+ will likely unlock significant further upside in PINS stock in the back half of 2025.
Additionally, Pinterest stands to benefit from expanding partnerships with the likes of Google (GOOGL) and Amazon (AMZN), the BofA analyst told clients in his research note today.
The social media firm’s transformation into a personalized shopping and ad platform positions it to capture more market share and boost monetization, he added.
Post raised his price target on Pinterest stock this morning to $44, indicating potential upside of well over 20% from here.
Note that Wall Street analysts remain largely positive on PINS stock after its Q2 earnings release.
The consensus rating on Pinterest shares sits at “Strong Buy” with the mean target of roughly $42 suggesting potential upside of just under 20% from current levels.
On the date of publication, Wajeeh Khan did not have (either directly or indirectly) positions in any of the securities mentioned in this article. All information and data in this article is solely for informational purposes. This article was originally published on Barchart.com | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
AI Image Generator for Gutenberg and Kadence Blocks!
AI Image Generator for Gutenberg and Kadence Blocks!
Using artificial intelligence (AI) to generate images in the WordPress block editor, also known as Gutenberg, with AI Image Lab has just become easier and more integrated with the AI Image Lab 1.0.3 update, which introduces a Gutenberg block created to make AI image generation a seamless part of the content creation process! The AI Image block is designed to allow users to rapidly generate a wide range of custom AI-generated images for WordPress pages or posts directly within other content, instead of using a separate window or media library overlay to try to select the best image outside of the context of surrounding elements. Once the perfect image has been found and selected, the AI Image block can easily be transformed into one of a number of core Gutenberg blocks or Kadence Blocks, which provide additional styling and layout options.
A Quick Tutorial
There’s no better way to showcase what the AI Image block for Gutenberg can do than with an example! We’ll be using blocks from the Kadence Blocks plugin, but the process is the same when using core Gutenberg blocks.
For our example, we’ll be creating a basic homepage layout for a hypothetical real estate firm. The page structure will include a top banner with text overlay, followed by a two-column row that has images and text.
To create the banner, we start by inserting an AI Image block at the top of the page. From the toolbar, we change the alignment setting to “Full Width”. In the block settings sidebar, we change the aspect ratio to “Custom size” and enter a width of 2048 (the current maximum) and a height of 600. (This assumes we are using AI Image Lab Pro, since the maximum dimension in the free version is 768.)
Next, we enter some descriptive prompt text for the image in the textbox that is shown in the block. Let’s try just a single word, “neighborhood”. Then we click the Generate Image button and wait for the block to be populated with an image. Because our image is quite wide, the preview images may be somewhat blurry since the previews are rendered at a lower resolution than the final image in HD mode.
We can now use the arrows in the AI Image block toolbar to navigate through the preview images. If we get close to the end of a set of preview images, a new set is generated automatically, so there may be some delays if we are browsing through a lot of preview images quickly. At any point, we can click the edit button in the block toolbar to change the prompt text; any changes we make in the block settings sidebar will also trigger a new set of images to be generated. Once we find the image we want to use, we click the checkmark icon in the toolbar, which will download the full resolution image to our site and make it replace the low-resolution preview shown in the block. This process may take a bit of time due to the high resolution we have chosen.
Here is the image we are using for this example:
AI generated photo of an urban neighborhood
Since we want to overlay some text on this image and also make some other styling changes, we should transform the AI Image block into a different block that is better suited for our needs. In this case, we’ll use a Row Layout block from Kadence Blocks. Simply click the AI Image icon at the far left of the block toolbar and choose Row Layout under “Transform To” (assuming the Kadence Blocks plugin is active). When prompted, we choose a single column layout for the row.
We may need to reset the alignment on the Row Layout block to full width at this point. We’ll also want to set top and bottom padding to 3XL, and go to the Background Overlay Settings toggle in the Style tab of the block settings sidebar and enable a black overlay with an opacity of 60% so that there is more contrast between the text and the background image. Then we can insert a “Text (Adv)” block in the row, set the text color to white, the alignment to center, the HTML Tag to “H1”, and the line height to 2. Now we add our text, which may result in the following as a very basic example:
Website banner image with an AI generated photo of an urban neighborhood in the background and the text AAA Real Estate in the foreground
For the two-column row below the banner, we insert another Row Layout block, with a 2-column layout this time. We insert an AI Image block in each column and set the aspect ratio for each block to “3:2 (landscape)” (in this example, we’ve left the pixel dimensions at the default, but in production those should maybe be tweaked as well to produce a smaller image file size). For the left column, we use the image prompt text “apartment building”, and in the right column simply “house”. Here are the image previews we’re going with, before uploading them and transforming the AI Image blocks:
Two AI generated photos, an apartment building on the left and a house on the right
Next, we click the checkmark button in the toolbar for each AI Image block to upload the images, and when upload is complete, we click the AI Image block icon at the left of the toolbar and select the option to transform each image into a Info Box block from Kadence Blocks. After some text is added, our page looks like this:
A website layout with a banner (urban neighborhood with text AAA Real Estate overlaid), followed by a two-column row with each column containing and image and placeholder text
Conclusion
While the AI Image Lab plugin has been compatible with Gutenberg pretty much since its first beta release thanks to its integration with the WordPress media library and media picker, the AI Image block brings that integration to the next level by allowing users to create, preview, and upload AI-generated images right in the context in which they will be used, making it easier to choose images that work well with surrounding content, to find the right aspect ratio, and to visualize the finished product. With (optional) compatibility with the Kadence Blocks plugin built right in, AI Image Lab is a powerful tool designed to enable Gutenberg content creators to create awesome block-based visuals!
AI Image Lab is free to use with some limitations on how many images you can upload to your site every 24 hours, how high the resolution of those images can be, etc. For even more power in creating high-quality images, check out the AI Image Lab Pro plan!
Jonathan Hall
Jonathan is the lead backend WordPress developer at WP Zone. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The disobedient kids and other Czecho-Slovak fairy tales.pdf/41
After a little while, the old man came along, panting and blowing. Seeing the woman in the field, he called out, "Woman, have you seen two children go by and which way did they go?"
The woman pretended that she was deaf, she answered, "I am in the flax field pulling up the weeds."
"Woman, I ask you, if you have seen two children pass this way."
But she continued, "I shall weed the flax, until it is ripe."
Raising his voice, "Listen to me"extra inverted commas in the original text [sic], woman, have you seen two children go by here?"
"When we shall have gathered the crop, we shall clean the seeds, and then moisten the flax", said the woman.
This time the man fairly shouted, "Stupid, don't you understand me? Have you seen two children pass this way?"
"When we have moistened the flax, we shall spread it out in the sun to dry", she kept on.
"Woman, are you deaf? Have you seen two children pass this way?"
"After the flax is dried, we shall comb and then hackle it."
"Don't you hear? Have you seen two children?"
"Then when the flax is hackled, we shall bind it on the distaff ready for spinning." | WIKI |
1. 13 Jul, 2020 1 commit
2. 12 Jul, 2020 1 commit
3. 09 Jul, 2020 3 commits
• Víctor Manuel Jáquez Leal's avatar
vaapidecode: Remove NO_SURFACE error handling · 2a934551
Víctor Manuel Jáquez Leal authored
Since surfaces are not bounded to decoding context it makes no sense
to keep the surface semaphore. This patch removes the handling of
this error.
Part-of: <!353>
2a934551
• Víctor Manuel Jáquez Leal's avatar
Revert "vaapidecode: drop non-keyframe in reverse playback" · a4c4314b
Víctor Manuel Jáquez Leal authored
Since the number of surfaces are not bounded to decoder context,
this hack is no longer needed.
This reverts commit 19c0c8a9.
Part-of: <!353>
a4c4314b
• He Junyan's avatar
libs: decoder: context: remove surfaces binding from context. · ac3e8c7c
He Junyan authored
The vaCreateContext do not need to specify the surfaces for the
context creation now. So we do not need to bind any surface to the
context anymore. Surfaces should be the resource belong to display
and just be used in encoder/decoder context.
The previous manner has big limitation for decoder. The context's
surface number is decided by dpb size. All the surfaces in dpb will
be attached to a gstbuffer and be pushed to down stream, and the
decoder need to wait down stream free the surface and go on if not
enough surface available. For more and more use cases, this causes
deadlock. For example,
gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=a.h264 ! h264parse ! vaapih264dec
! x264enc ! filesink location=./output.h264
will cause deadlock and make the whole pipeline hang.
the x264enc encoder need to cache more than dpb size surfaces.
The best solution is seperating the surfaces number and the dpb size.
dpb and dpb size shoule be virtual concepts maintained by the decoder.
And let the surfaces_pool in context maintain the re-use of all surfaces.
For encoder, the situation is better, all the surfaces are just used
as reference frame and no need to be pushed to down stream. We can
just reserve and set the capacity of the surfaces_pool to meet the
request.
Fix: #147
Fix: #88
Co-Author: Víctor Manuel Jáquez Leal <vjaquez@igalia.com>
Part-of: <!353>
ac3e8c7c
4. 08 Jul, 2020 3 commits
5. 07 Jul, 2020 1 commit
6. 05 Jul, 2020 3 commits
7. 03 Jul, 2020 2 commits
• He Junyan's avatar
libs: encoder: h265: no need to check the high compression tune. · abea5e81
He Junyan authored
The h265 encoder just support tune mode:
(0): none - None
(3): low-power - Low power mode
So, no need to check and set the high compression parameters.
And by the way, the current ensure_tuning_high_compression manner
of choosing the hightest profile idc as the best compression profile
is not correct. Unlike h264, in h265 the higher profile idc number
does not mean it has more compression tools, and so it has better
compression performance. It may even be un-compatible with the lower
profile idc. For example, the SCREEN_CONTENT_CODING profile with idc
9 is not compatible with 3D_MAIN profile with idc 8.
Part-of: <!348>
abea5e81
• Tim-Philipp Müller's avatar
Back to development · 19903e1a
Tim-Philipp Müller authored
19903e1a
8. 02 Jul, 2020 1 commit
9. 23 Jun, 2020 1 commit
10. 22 Jun, 2020 2 commits
11. 19 Jun, 2020 3 commits
12. 17 Jun, 2020 1 commit
• Michael Olbrich's avatar
libs: wayland: display: only handle the first output · 4b2f7a18
Michael Olbrich authored
Right now, all outputs are handled. The means that the registry object for
all but the last are leaked. As a result the sizes are not used correctly.
With two outputs, at first the mode and physical size of the second output
are used. If the first output changes the mode, then the physical size of
the second output is used in combination with the resolution of the first
output. The resulting pixel aspect ratio is incorrect.
There seems to be no way to determine on which output the window is shown,
so just use the first one to get consistent results.
Part-of: <!341>
4b2f7a18
13. 11 Jun, 2020 1 commit
• He Junyan's avatar
plugins: pluginbase: Do not destroy display when _close() · 72c4a161
He Junyan authored
When the element's state changes to NULL, it can still receive
queries, such as the image formats. The display is needed in such
queries but not well protected for MT safe.
For example, ensure_allowed_raw_caps() may still use the display
while it is disposed by gst_vaapi_plugin_base_close() because of
the state change.
We can keep the display until the element is destroyed. When the
state changes to NULL, and then changes to PAUSED again, the display
can be correctly set(if type changes), or leave untouched.
Fix: #260
Part-of: <!343>
72c4a161
14. 09 Jun, 2020 1 commit
15. 05 Jun, 2020 16 commits | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Friends of Amtrak
The result was delete. Sango 123 00:06, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
Friends of Amtrak
Amtrak fan website. Doesn't seem to meet WP:WEB. -- Koffieyahoo 02:14, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
* Delete Non notable website. not in the top 100,000 websites according to Alexa --Ageo020 05:44, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
* Delete — Not notable enough, "Support Amtrak - Invest In America's Infrastructure" in bold letters on the front page of the website doesn't look like a notable website. Very limited target audience too. Draicone (talk) 07:28, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
* Delete as a non-notable website. --Core des at talk. ^_^ 09:11, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
* Delete As a railfan, a member of the "very limited target audience," I certainly must agree that this article fails to make any asserts notability as required by WP:WEB. I had WP:VANITY concerns raised because the article was created by about a website operated by one Craig O'Connor.-- danntm T C 23:01, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Vatican Envoy to France Under Investigation for Sexual Assault
PARIS — The Vatican’s envoy to France is under investigation after being accused of sexually molesting an employee of Paris City Hall, French officials said on Friday. The case adds to a long list of sexual assault accusations around the globe — from minors, other priests and nuns, among others — that have confronted the Roman Catholic Church and that threaten Pope Francis’ pontificate. The Paris prosecutor’s office opened the preliminary investigation on Jan. 24, according to a spokesman for the French judiciary, after it was informed by Paris City Hall of the accusations. The spokesman, who insisted on anonymity in line with department policy, did not provide further details. A City Hall official said on Friday that the employee had accused the envoy, Archbishop Luigi Ventura, 74, of “repeatedly” sexually molesting him on the sidelines of one of Mayor Anne Hidalgo’s traditional New Year’s ceremonies, on Jan. 17. The official, who said he was not authorized to speak publicly about an investigation while it was in process, said that the employee, whose name has not been made public, was in his 30s and worked for the city’s international relations department. On the day he said the sexual assault took place, he was charged with greeting and guiding the archbishop before the ceremony. Archbishop Ventura, the apostolic nuncio to France, has been the Vatican’s diplomatic representative in Paris since 2009, and he has regularly attended the ceremony, during which the mayor meets with religious leaders and the diplomatic corps. But the City Hall official said this was the first time a city employee had complained about the archbishop’s behavior. The employee accused Archbishop Ventura of touching his buttocks on three occasions, the official said, first when the Vatican envoy arrived at City Hall, greeting him and complimenting him on his physical appearance. The employee said he thought the gesture might have been involuntary, according to the official. But the archbishop touched the man’s buttocks a second time several minutes later, this time more forcefully, according to the official, who said “there was no more doubt for the employee that this act was voluntary.” The employee sought to distance himself from the archbishop, going to another room, but the archbishop followed him and touched his buttocks a third time, the official said. In that instance, four other City Hall employees were witnesses. The employee left and told his manager, and on Jan. 23 the city authorities formally informed the Paris prosecutor’s office of the episode in a written letter, the official said, as well as the Foreign Ministry. A Vatican spokesman, Alessandro Gisotti, said in a statement that, having learned of the case through news reports, “the Holy See awaits the outcome of the investigation.” The investigation comes days before Pope Francis is to meet with the presidents of the world’s bishops’ conferences and other religious leaders at the Vatican for an unprecedented conference focusing on the protection of minors in the church. Vatican officials have described the four-day event as an educational meeting for pastors to assist the global church to better deal with clerical sexual abuse, especially in areas where the issue has still not received the attention it warrants. Advocates for victims and church critics say that the Vatican has been largely ineffectual in addressing the issue, and the persistence of scandals throughout the world — cases emerged last year in Chile, Germany, the United States and other countries — continue to threaten the credibility of the church. Last year, another Vatican diplomat, Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, the former apostolic nuncio to the United States, accused Francis of personally covering up cases of sexual abuse and called for his resignation. In a long letter leaked to the news media, Archbishop Viganò also called out other clerics he accused of belonging to “homosexual networks” inside the church. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Unknown
Dataset Information
0
?E-catenin inhibits YAP/TAZ activity to regulate signalling centre formation during tooth development.
ABSTRACT: Embryonic signalling centres are specialized clusters of non-proliferating cells that direct the development of many organs. However, the mechanisms that establish these essential structures in mammals are not well understood. Here we report, using the murine incisor as a model, that ?E-catenin is essential for inhibiting nuclear YAP localization and cell proliferation. This function of ?E-catenin is required for formation of the tooth signalling centre, the enamel knot (EK), which maintains dental mesenchymal condensation and epithelial invagination. EK formation depends primarily on the signalling function of ?E-catenin through YAP and its homologue TAZ, as opposed to its adhesive function, and combined deletion of Yap and Taz rescues the EK defects caused by loss of ?E-catenin. These findings point to a developmental mechanism by which ?E-catenin restricts YAP/TAZ activity to establish a group of non-dividing and specialized cells that constitute a signalling centre.
SUBMITTER: Li CY
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4947177 | BioStudies | 2016-01-01
REPOSITORIES: biostudies
Similar Datasets
2015-01-01 | S-EPMC4538707 | BioStudies
2019-01-01 | S-EPMC6328607 | BioStudies
1000-01-01 | S-EPMC6135933 | BioStudies
2012-01-01 | S-EPMC3297994 | BioStudies
2017-01-01 | S-EPMC5442321 | BioStudies
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC7452853 | BioStudies
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC6981200 | BioStudies
2020-01-01 | S-EPMC6910221 | BioStudies
2016-01-01 | S-EPMC4874484 | BioStudies
1000-01-01 | S-EPMC4495398 | BioStudies | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Teblick/Reliable Sources
The list of sources below indicates whether each source is considered reliable for Wikipedia purposes.
* Check Reliable sources/Perennial sources to update list below (esp. Family Search).
* Check New page patrol source guide
Work from this page: Reliable sources/Perennial sources
Check here: Check this page: Reliable sources
* Currently deprecated sources WP:DEPSOURCES
* Verifiability
* WikiProject Film/Resources
* Reliable sources
* Reliable sources/Noticeboard
* Noticeboard search box
* Reliable sources (WP:UGC)
Reliable
* AllMusic - See Teahouse
* Behind the Voice Actors - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 153
* Deadline.com - See (Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 179)
Also see: Biographies of living persons
Self-published sources and BLP
WP:RSSELF -- "Never use self-published sources as independent sources about other living people, even if the author is an expert, well-known professional researcher, or writer."
A
* Alamy photo site. WP:USERGENERATED -- "Captions are provided by our contributors." here
* AncestorInfo.com - WP:USERGENERATED See About Us.
* Ancestry.com - See WP:ANCESTRY.COM
* AncientFaces - WP:USERGENERATED "Biographies are collaborate online profiles of our friends, family members and people from our past. By working together we are able to create a more accurate portrait of our loved ones." (https://www.ancientfaces.com/share-memories#content)-Bios FAQ
* Answers.com - WP:USERGENERATED . (See Reliable sources/Perennial sources.)
* Assignment Point - WP:USERGENERATED FAQ" "Q: Can I submit my own Assignment to be included in new Assignment Point? A: Definitely, u can easily publish your assignment on Assignment Point. 1st u need to registration on our site. Then you can publish on Assignment Point."
B
* Bellazon here WP:USERGENERATED
* Beyond Unreal Liandri Archives - Wiki See Help page.
* bizarrela.com - Blog
* Biography Tribune (biographytribune.com). Uses IMDb and Wikipedia as sources. (WP:IMDB and WP:CIRCULAR) See this page.
* The Black Dahlia Mystery - WP:SELFPUB See About BDM
* BoardGameGeek - WP:USERGENERATED . "The site is updated on a real-time basis by its large and still growing user base." and All the information within our database was meticulously and voluntarily entered on a game-by-game basis by our user base - You.
* Bob's B=17 page WP:SELFPUB
* BornGlorious - WP:CIRCULAR "Source: Text content from Wikipedia ..." See bottom of home page.
* Browse Biography (browsebiography.com) - WP:USERGENERATED . See Add biography information page.
C
* Celebrity Graveland - WP:SELFPUB See -About"
* CelebrityNetWorth - See Reliable sources/Perennial sources.
* classicfilmaficionados.wordpress.com - Blog
* The Classic TV History Blog (classictvhistory.wordpress.com) WP:SELFPUB & WP:USERGENERATED
* ClassicTVHits.com - Wiki - About Us: Opportunities invites people to become editors, posting and maintaining content of pages.
* CombatFan (http://www.jodavidsmeyer.com) - WP:SELFPUB "This site is owned and operated by Jo Davidsmeyer ..."
* cowboydirectory.com - WP:SELFPUB See www.cowboydirectory.com.
* Ctva.biz - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 92. "The Classic TV Archive seems to fall in the same category as iMDB."
D
* Discogs - See WikiProject Albums/Sources "Info is user-submitted/uploaded and fails WP:USERG."
* Ditible - Content taken from Wikipedia. See Caitlin Clarke.
* DuMont Television Network Historical Web Site - WP:SELFPUB See Welcome page.
E
* Escape and Suspense! WP:SELFPUB About
* Everipedia WP:USERGENERATED
F
* Facebook - See WP:RSPFB and WP:SOCIALMEDIA
* FamilySearch - See Reliable sources/Perennial sources.
* FamilyTreeLegends.com - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 166 for details.
* Famous Birthdays - See Reliable sources/Perennial sources "Do not use this site for information regarding living persons."
* FamousBirthsDeaths.com - WP:SELFPUB - See New page patrol source guide.
* FamousFix (famousfix.com) - WP:USERGENERATED FamousFix content is contributed and edited by our readers. You are most welcome to update, correct or add information to this page.
* TheFamousPeople (www.thefamouspeople.com) - See the site's About Us page "Our lists are based on a wide spectrum of opinion—including the insights given by our audience and the latest social media trends." Also see Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 207
* FanBase - WP:USERGENERATED About Us: "Similar to Wikipedia and the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), the Fanbase platform is entirely user-driven. Anyone can contribute by submitting or editing player and team pages, as well as adding rich content such as photos, videos, articles, and trivia."
* Fandom - WP:FANDOM
* fanmailaddress.com - "does not make any warranties about the completeness, reliability and accuracy of this information" (from Disclaimer page
* Filmbug - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 76 and Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 108
* FilmReference.com - See WikiProject Film/Resources "Not a reliable source for article use ..."
* Filmsite - Self-published. WP:SELFPUB [https://www.filmsite.org/films.html "Tim originated Filmsite and has remained its sole contributor, manager, and editor ..."
* Find a Grave - WP:USERGENERATED See Reliable sources.
* Flixter.com - "This page is created by Flixster users like you with the help of friendly community Flixster Experts." (from this archived page)
* Found a Grave - WP:USERGENERATED "With your free account at foundagrave.com, you can add your loved ones, friends, and idols to our growing database of "Deceased but not Forgotten" records. Click here to submit your listings."
* Freebase - WP:USERGENERATED - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 54.
G
* Genealogy.com Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 130
* Geneastar - WP:USERGENERATED See |About Geneanet: "Geneanet is a community of more than 4 million members who share their genealogical information for free:"
* Geni.com - See Reliable sources/Perennial sources.
* Geocities.com - Self-published web site. WP:SELFPUB See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 16
* Goodreads - See WP:GOODREADS.
I
Also see
* IMDB - See WP:IMDB.
* Instagram - WP:USERGENERATED
* Intelius - Not valid for BLP, because it is a "provider of public data".See bottom of home page.
* Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 112 ("no fact checking")
* Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 163 ("pretty obviously not a reliable source")
* ISFDB (Internet Speculative Fiction Database) - Wiki (See General disclaimer)
J
* Juggle - "Some content on the site is provided by Factual, Freebase, Wikipedia and other websites licensed under Creative Commons." (Item 5 on Frequently Asked Questions page.
L
* Last.fm - Deprecated. Reliable sources/Perennial sources
* Legacy.com - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 238 "No one there is fact-checking that info; they're reprinting it, no questions asked."
* linkedin - WP:SOCIALMEDIA
* Listal - WP:USERGENERATED
* Looper (Looper.com) - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 270.
M
* MixedFolks.com - WP:SELFPUB See About MixedFolks.com, repeated use of "I".
* My Heritage (myheritage.com) - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 231 and Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 340
* Myspace - WP:NOYT "Myspace is generally not acceptable even as a self-published source, because most of it is anonymous or pseudonymous. If the identity of the author can be confirmed in a reliable, published source, then it can be used with the caution appropriate to a self-published source."
* Mystery*File (mysteryfile.com) - Blog
N
* NNDB - Deprecated. WP:NNDB.
* Nostalgia Central -- WP:SELFPUB - blog See About page.
* notesonafilm -- WP:SELFPUB - blog.
O
* The Original Tombstone Tourist -- WP:USERGENERATED See Disclaimers: "The structure of the project allows anyone with an Internet connection to alter its content."
P
* Perry Mason Database -- WP:USERGENERATED A wiki. See main page.
* Popular Inside -- WP:USERGENERATED "We collects information from Wikipedia and celebrities social media." About Us
* Prabook - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 268.
R
* radaris - Not valid for BLP articles. Uses public records. See About page.
* Reddit - WP:USERGENERATED and WP:SOCIALMEDIA
* (re)Search My Trash - WP:SELFPUB See this page.
* Rotton Tomatoes - WP:ROTTENTOMATOES - "There is consensus that Rotten Tomatoes should not be used for biographical information, as it is user-generated content along with a lack of oversight."
* Route 66 News - WP:SELFPUB See About page: "But this is my site . . ."
S
* SecondHandSongs - Wiki. See Join Us page.
* Spaghetti Western Database (spaghetti-western.net) -- A wiki. See About us page.
* Starpulse - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 50.
T
* Television Obscurities - WP:SELFPUBLISH (See About: About the Site
* The Terrible Catsafterme - WP:SELFPUBLISH See Welcome to My Life: A Pre-Show.
* Theatricalia.com - Self-published "Whilst I have written this site myself ... WP:SELFPUB
* TheFamousPeople.com - See Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 207, Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 245 , and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Spam/2015 Archive May 1.
* Theiapolis.com - User generated - Information available at this site are based on the contributions submitted movie fans (visitors, registered members). I cannot guarantee the validity, accuracy or reliability of the information found here.
* themindreels.com - Blog
* Threestooges.net - WP:SELFPUBLISH See A Brief History of This Site Also see Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 251
* TimeNote (timenote.info) - Wiki "...any person could record their memories about their ancestors, family members and other close and important people.
* TogetherWeServed.com - WP:USERGENERATED "In using the Website, you may also have occasion to disclose, post, or otherwise upload to publicly accessible portions of the Website, or share with other members, information and other content, including but not limited to biographical information, photographs, profiles, and stories (collectively, the "Content")." Terms of Service
* tripod.com - WP:SELFPUBLISH
* Tumblr - WP:USERGENERATED and WP:SOCIALMEDIA
* TV Archives - WP:SELFPUBLISH See home page.
* TV.com - WikiProject Film/Resources
* The TV Historian (tvhistorian.blogspot.com) - blog
* TV IV - Wiki "a compendium of television knowledge anyone can edit"
* Tv.tropes -"TV Tropes is considered generally unreliable because it is an open wiki, which is a type of self-published source." Reliable sources/Perennial sources
* tvdb - WP:USERGENERATED "Our information comes from fans like you ..." Welcome page
* TVmaze - WP:USERGENERATED "TVmaze is a collaborative site, which can be edited by any registered user." - Copyright Policy
* Twitter - WP:SOCIALMEDIA
U
* Urban Cinefile - Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 104
W
* We Remember - WP:USERGENERATED (See home page. "This memorial was created from information on Find a Grave." (Click on "About this memorial" on page.)
* welovesoaps.net (blog) WP:SELFPUBLISH
* Whosdatedwho.com - User-generated content.
* wikilogy - "... details are based on Wikipedia, IMDb, ..." See Disclaimer near bottom of page.
* Wikipedia - WP:CIRCULAR Also see
* WikiProject Film/Resources
* Wikipedia is not a reliable source
* WikiTree - Wiki | WIKI |
2018 Jeep Grand Cherokee Oil Change
In this straightforward guide, we will explain to you about the 2018 Jeep Grand Cherokee oil change that you can do yourself at home, and of course, this will make you save more money than you have to find a mechanic in the garage to do it.
2018-jeep-grand-cherokee-trackhawk
2018 Jeep Grand Cherokee
An oil change is just some essential maintenance, for example, you want to do it on 2018 Jeep Grand Cherokee with a 3.6 l engine.
However, when doing this work, you might also need to replace the oil filter because the conditions are already unfit for reuse. But, this filter called canister, and it is a little bit different than most other vehicle filters; it's just the insert.
Also, you need to reset the reminder maintenance light on the dashboard.
First, you must go underneath the Jeep to change the oil, and then you'll know they go up under the hood, and you're going to remove the canister filter. You can replace that at the same time.
Drain Oil
You need to prepare a bucket to collect the oil. You'll need to get better lighting underneath the vehicle. The oil drain plug is about 13 mm, and you can take that plug out.
It would be better if you use a funnel and jerry can so that there are not many oil splashes that make the floor dirty. Wait a few moments and observe, make sure all the oil is drained.
Once this finishes draining, you can plug it back up. Next, tighten it, and you can wipe off the oil residue on the drain cover, and then you can go up top.
Change The Filter and O-ring
After you complete your business underneath, you can lower the car down. It's time to change the filter on the top—your oil filter located underneath the hood.
To reach that, you need to open a cover in the area where V6 is written. Just turn it quickly and take it off. After that, it gives you direct access to the oil filter housing. You can use a 24 mm socket to get the filter lid, after that you can remove and take the filter assembly out.
For your reference, you can buy a versatile kit called multiple sockets—all the most useful standard where it includes a 24 mm size.
You can put the 24 mm head socket and put it down inside till it fits perfectly. Then you can use a long extension and a ratchet to take it off. Maybe you need two hands to do this.
Next, after you do that, you can put the filter housing in a small container.
Check the o-ring on the housing because maybe you need to change that too if the condition isn't feasible.
Use your gloves and take out the filter by your hand. Remember the position when you took it out because that's the way when you put it back in. The filter housing is only made of plastic. Therefore you have to be careful with it to avoid crack.
If you need to replace the o-ring, you can use the screwdriver or any tools to hook it and take that over because you want to replace that with a new one. After that, don't forget to wipe it clean.
You must have a new filter that same as the old one.
If all fine, you can put the new filter back down inside where it belongs.
Also, make sure you have new o-ring, you can put it over the top and head down to the groove where it previously came. You need to put a little bead of clean oil around the o-ring before you put it back inside.
Next, tighten the housing as far as you can by hand and then use the ratchet to tighten it further. Now, your job to replace the filter and o-ring is complete. Don't forget to close it again as before.
Refill Oil
Make sure you use the correct oil for the 2018 Jeep Grand Cherokee. You can see the required oil specifications on the oil tank cap, for example, you need a 5W-20 oil when you see it says SAE 5W-20 and usually requires six quarts of oil and make sure you tighten the lid before you try to start the vehicle.
Even though you know that it takes six quarts of oil after you start the engine, you need to take out a dipstick to check the oil volume just to ensure the oil is full, and you need to add more if the level is less.
Now, again make sure that there are no leaks from the oil filter housing; it must nice and dry. If everything is OK, then you can continue to resetting maintenance, remind light.
Reset Maintenance (Oil Life)
According to the maintenance plan, if it doesn't reset the first time, you'll need to redo it again. So the way you do it is you get in the vehicle.
Without pushing the pedal brake, you can press and release the Start / Stop button and set the ignition system to the On / Run state, but don't start the engine. Then, slowly, fully push the accelerator pedal, three times in ten secs, to reset up to 100%.
Furthermore, without pushing the brake, just press then release the Start / Stop button once to set back the engine ignition system to the Off / Lock state. In case you see the indicator message lights up when you start the vehicle, then the oil change indicator doesn't reset. If required, you can do this procedure again.
If that doesn't reset the first time or the second time doesn't panic; you are doing everything right, you just need to be patient and repeat it.
That's a guide to the 2018 Jeep Grand Cherokee oil change, and you can also do the same for the 2011 model and beyond. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Comparative contextual analysis
Comparative contextual analysis is a methodology for comparative research where contextual interrogation precedes any analysis of similarity and difference. It is a thematic process directed and designed to explore relationships of agency rather than institutional or structural frameworks. See structure and agency and theory of structuration. | WIKI |
User:Gabrielaserena
About Me
I'm Gabriela and this is my user page! I'm a student enrolled in the Tulane-Newcomb Summer Institute who's learning how to edit Wikipedia pages. | WIKI |
Page:History of California (Bancroft) volume 6.djvu/28
10 CAUFORNIA JUST PRIOR TO THE GOLD DISCOVERY.
the upper Alameda. Here lives the venturesome English sailor, Robert Livermore, by whose name the nook is becoming known, and whose rapidly increasing possessions embrace stock-ranges, wheat-fields, vine- yards, and orchards, with even a rude grist-mill. ^^ Ad- joining him are the ranchos Valle de San Jos^ of J. and A. Bernal, and Suflol and San Ramon of J. M. Amador, also known by his name. Northward, along the bay, lies the Rancho Arroyo de la Alameda of Jos^ Jesus Vallejo; the San Lorenzo of G. Castro and F. Soto; the San Leandro of J. J. Estudillo; the Sobrante of J. I. Castro; and in the hills and along the shore, covering the present Oakland and Alameda, the San Antonio of Luis M. Peralta and his sons.^^
Similar to the Alameda Valley, and formed by the rear of the same range, enclosing the towering Monte del Diablo, lies the vale of Contra Costa, watered by several creeks, among them the San Pablo and San Ramon, or Walnut, and extending into the marshes of the San Joaquin. Here also the most desirable tracts are covered by grants, notably the San Pablo tract of F. Castro; El Pinole of Ignacio Martinez, with vineyards and orchards; the Acalanes of C. Valencia, on which are now settled Elam Brown, justice of the peace, and Nat. Jones ;^* the Palos Colorados of J. Moraga; the Monte del Diablo of S. Pacheco; the M^danos belonging to the Mesa fam- ily; and the M^ganos of Dr John Marsh, the said doctor being a kind of crank from Harvard college,
1' His neighbor on Rancho Los Pozitos, of two sauare leagues, was Jos4 Noriega; and west and south in the valley extended Rancho Valie de San Joe6, 48,000 acres, Santa Rita, 9,000 acres, belonging to J. D. Pacheco, the San Ramon rancho of Amador, four square leagues, and Canada de los Va- queros of Livermore. Both Colton, Three Years, 266, and Taylor, El Dorado, i. 73, refer to the spot as Livermore Pass, leadmg from San Jos^ town to the valley of the Sacramento.
^ D. Peralta received the Berkeley part, V. the Oakland, M. the East Oak- land and Alameda, and I. the south-east. The grant covered five leagues. The extent of the Alameda, San Lorenzo, and San Leandro grants was in square leagues respectively about four, seven, and one; Sobrante was eleven leaffues.
'* By purchase in 1847, the latter owning one tenth of the three-quarter | WIKI |
Gordon Hocking
Gordon Charles Hocking (12 August 1919 – 24 March 1986) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Football
Hocking was primarily a knock ruckman but could also play most positions around the ground. He made his debut at Collingwood in the 1938 VFL season and was a losing Grand Finalist in his first two seasons. In 1950 he was appointed club captain and he remained in the role the following year, leading Collingwood to a Preliminary Final which they lost to Essendon by two points. Hocking was a regular interstate representative for Victoria and starred at the 1950 Brisbane Carnival. That year he was named as a half back flanker in the Sporting Life Team of the Year.
Hocking retired during the 1952 VFL season, the last remaining pre-World War II VFL player.
Military service
He served overseas with the Second AIF. | WIKI |
User:Sirajul Islam Yazdani/sandbox
Sirajul Islam Yazdani (Urdu: سراجل اسلام یزدانی) is a self employed writer, composer and a critic. He is also known for his typical hypothetical economic and social views.He has studied in the reputed Aligarh Muslim University.Presently he is doing his Master's in Economics at Hyderabad Central University.
Early Life
Sirajul Islam Yazdani was born in Moradabad City, Utter Pradesh, India. He completed his primary and secondary education in Moradabad itself. After completing his secondary education he moved to Aligarh where he completed his graduation in the year 2014. He left Aligarh Muslim University after completing his first year of Masters in Economics. He moved to Hyderabad to continue his further studies.
At the initial stage of his studies he wanted to become a surgeon but later on he lost his interest in medical sciences. Therefore he chose Economics and History as the subjects to be studied. However he also watches the social and religious aspect of the society. | WIKI |
Futurama (disambiguation)
Futurama is an American animated science fiction sitcom created by Matt Groening.
Futurama may also refer to:
* Futurama (New York World's Fair), an exhibit/ride at the 1939 New York World's Fair
* Futurama (Be-Bop Deluxe album), 1975
* Futurama (Supercar album), a 2000 album from the Japanese rock group Supercar
* Futurama (video game), a 2003 3D platform game based on the science fiction cartoon series
* A United Kingdom guitar brand, known as "Kent" in the United States | WIKI |
Add global meta data
Gridsome lets you add global meta data with the Data store API. To use the API you need a gridsome.server.js file in the root folder of your Gridsome project. Meta data are static and can't be updated or changed from client.
Adding meta data is great if you have data you want to be globally accessible, but don't need to be in any GraphQL collection.
Here is an example where we create a custom meta for site title.
module.exports = function (api) {
api.loadSource(async store => {
store.addMetaData('siteTitle', 'My Gridsome Site')
})
}
The meta data will be available inside the metaData GraphQL collection. Meta data can be fetched like any other data.
Here is an example on how it could be used in a Vue Component:
<template>
<h1 v-html="$static.metaData.siteTitle" />
</template>
<static-query>
query {
metaData {
siteTitle
}
}
</static-query>
Edit this page on GitHub | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hiraoka (surname)
Hiraoka (written: 平岡) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hiraoka Fusazane (平岡 房実), Japanese samurai
* Hideo Hiraoka (平岡 秀夫), Japanese politician
* Hideo Hiraoka (racing driver) (平岡 英郎), Japanese drifting driver
* Hiroaki Hiraoka (平岡 拓晃), Japanese judoka
* Hiroaki Hiraoka (footballer) (平岡 宏章), Japanese footballer
* Hiraoka Kimitake (平岡 公威), Japanese writer, poet, playwright, actor and film director, better known as Yukio Mishima
* Naoki Hiraoka (平岡 直起), Japanese footballer and manager
* Takashi Hiraoka (平岡 敬), Japanese mayor
* Taku Hiraoka (平岡 卓), Japanese snowboarder
* Tasuku Hiraoka (平岡 翼), Japanese footballer
* Yasuhiro Hiraoka (平岡 康裕), Japanese footballer
* Yasunari Hiraoka (平岡 靖成), Japanese footballer
* Yūta Hiraoka (平岡 祐太), Japanese actor | WIKI |
Are Baby Teeth Important?
Baby teeth don’t merely serve to help your child through infancy. They can influence an individual’s physical, emotional, and social development due to a whole host of reasons.
Baby teeth will create the space and guide permanent teeth into their intended positions. If a baby tooth is lost prematurely (due to poor hygiene or physical trauma), it can encourage the adjacent teeth to fill the space. In some cases, this may block the adult tooth from breaking through the gum in the position that it should.
Problems affecting baby teeth, such as infections and cavities, can prevent permanent teeth from developing properly, or at all. This happens due to proximity between the root of a baby tooth and the location of where the associated adult tooth will develop, and causes major problems before the baby teeth have been lost.
The baby teeth are crucial for your child’s ability to talk, eat, chew, and interact with the world. So, while you should naturally have one eye on adult teeth, it’s important not to overlook the immediate reliance on healthy and functioning teeth. Besides, infections to the baby teeth can spread throughout the body and may harm their development.
Problems with baby teeth can be hugely distracting, which stops your child from developing on a social level due to self-consciousness and ongoing discomfort. This can indirectly lead to psychological and emotional issues over time. Appearances and function are equally important for baby teeth as adult teeth.
Baby teeth will impact facial development as the support muscle growth and help the jawbone grow in the right manner. Likewise, baby teeth can influence the tongue and gum development while also significantly changing the way sounds are made and expressed. It can subsequently spill over into their permanent teeth, too.
Encouraging healthy baby teeth
You can start to brush your baby’s teeth even before they surface. There are many baby and child-friendly toothbrushes, toothpastes, and cleaning gels on the market. The habit of brushing twice daily can also be supported by appropriate mouthwash and flossing.
Following a healthy diet that isn’t loaded with sugar is vital, too. Likewise, good hydration from water can wash away food particles and bacteria before it develops into plaque and tartar. Crucially, good daily rituals should be supported by visiting a pediatric dentist on a frequent basis. In addition to checking the development and providing a professional clean, it familiarizes your child with visiting the dentist.
For more information on the importance of baby teeth or to schedule your child’s next appointment, please contact us today!
Related Articles
Check back soon for related articles.
we can't wait to meet you
we can't wait to meet you
Call 614-475-5439 or request an appointment online to set up your first visit. We’ll be in touch soon.
A dentist demonstrates to a child patient a large dental model for educational purposes during a consultation. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Robert Louis SALTER, Jr., Plaintiff, v. The UNITED STATES, Defendant.
No. 10-318C
United States Court of Federal Claims.
(Filed December 18, 2014)
Robert Louis Salter, Little Rock, Arkansas, pro se.
Lauren S. Moore, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, Department of Justice, with whom were Stuart F. Delery, Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Dauidson, Director, and Deborah A. By-num, Assistant Director, all of Washington, D.C., for defendant. Marli J.P. Kerrigan, Assistant General Counsel, Federal Bureau of Prisons, of counsel.
Alleged breach of fiduciary duties; Bureau of Prisons; inmate trust fund account; Inmate Financial Responsibility Program, 28 C.F.R. § 545.11(d); payment of court-ordered fine; coercion or duress; unlawful or improper conduct standard; summary judgment for the government, RCFC 56.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
WOLSKI, Judge,
This is an action seeking money damages for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties. Plaintiff Robert Louis Salter, Jr., proceeding pro se, argues that the government violated its duty as trustee of his funds held in an inmate trust fund account by coercing his agreement to allow the government to withdraw funds from that account to pay court-ordered fines. Additionally, plaintiff asserts that the government officials who obtained his consent had an improper financial interest in this result, as their compensation was allegedly based in part upon it. Finally, plaintiff alleges that the Bureau of Prisons (BOP), in administering this program, improperly usurped judicial authority by setting the rate and timing of his payments.
The govérnment has moved for summary judgment on all three grounds for relief asserted by Mr. Salter, under'Rule 56 of the Rules of the United States Court of Federal Claims (RCFC). Defendant argues that no evidence supports plaintiffs claim that the prison officials who obtained his consent were compensated based on prisoners’ rates of consent; that plaintiff has failed to show conduct that would amount to coercion or duress; and that plaintiff has failed to identify conduct on the part of the BOP which amounts to the improper imposition or modification of court-ordered fines. For the reasons stated below, the government’s motion for summary judgment is GRANTED.
I. BACKGROUND
On July 26, 2004, plaintiff, Robert Louis Salter, was convicted of unlawful possession of a machine gun and failing to appear in court. Def.’s Mot. Summ. J„ App. (Def.’s App.) at 1-3. Mister Salter was sentenced to 151 months of imprisonment and a $50,000 fine. Id. On August 5, 2004, plaintiff entered the custody of the BOP. Id. at 2. At some point after his incarceration began, an inmate trust fund account was opened for his benefit. Earnings from Mr. Salter’s prison employment, as well as gifts from his mother, were deposited into this account. Compl., App. (Pl.’s App.) G, I. On February 22, 2005, Mr. Salter agreed to participate in the Inmate Financial Responsibility Program (IFRP). Def.’s App. at 7. The IFRP is a program under which federal prisoners agree to make payments towards then* court ordered fines, or other financial obligations, out of their inmate trust fund accounts. See 28 C.F.R. § 545.11.
With the exception of a brief period in June 2005, when he refused to sign a new waiver, Mr. Salter continued to consent to participate in the IFRP from 2005 until 2011. Def.’s App. at 7, 9-14. His participation in the program terminated in December of 2011 when the remainder of his fine was paid in one large lump sum. Id. at 7, 15. Consent is inquired for an inmate to participate in the IFRP — but if consent is withheld, or if an inmate refuses to comply with the program after he has agreed to participate, various consequences may result. 28 C.F.R. § 545.11(d)(l)-(9), (ll). These consequences are as follows:
(1) Where applicable, the Parole Commission will be notified of the inmate’s failure to participate;
(2) The inmate will not receive any furlough (other than possibly an emergency or medical furlough);
(3) The inmate will not receive performance pay above the maintenance pay level, or bonus pay, or vacation pay;
(4) The inmate will not be assigned to any work detail outside the secure perimeter of the facility;
(5) The inmate will not be placed in UNI-COR. Any inmate assigned to UNICOR who fails to make adequate progress on his/her financial plan will be removed from UNICOR, and once removed, may not be placed on a UNICOR waiting list for six months. Any exceptions to this require approval of the Warden;[]
(6) The inmate shall be subject to a monthly commissary spending limitation more stringent than the monthly commissary spending limitation set for all inmates. This more stringent commissary spending limitation for IFRP refusees shall be at least $25 per month, excluding purchases of stamps, telephone credits, and, if the inmate is a common fare participant, Kosher/Halal certified shelf-stable entrees to the extent that such purchases are allowable under pertinent Bureau regulations;
(7) The inmate will be quartered in the lowest housing status (dormitory, double bunking, etc.);
(8) The inmate will not be placed in a community-based program;
(9) The inmate will not receive a release gratuity unless approved by the Warden;
(11) The inmate will not receive an incentive for participation in residential drug treatment programs.
28 C.F.R. § 545.11(d)(l)-(9), (11) (2013).
On May 25, 2010, Mr. Salter filed a complaint in this court. Compl. Plaintiff alleges that because he was threatened with the imposition of the above-cited consequences, his consent to participate in the IFRP was obtained under duress, in violation of the government’s fiduciary duty as trustee of his inmate trust fund account. Id. at 1-2. He contends that the BOP officials who obtained his consent had an improper motive for doing so, as their compensation was allegedly based on the rate of inmate participation in the program — creating a conflict of interest contrary to the government’s fiduciary duties. Id. at 2-3. Finally, plaintiff claims that by adjusting the rate, and timing, of his payments under the IFRP, the BOP officials running the program have assumed power that can only be exercised by an Article III judge. Id. at 3.
For its part, the government argues that plaintiff has failed to substantiate his claims, and that his allegations do not entitle plaintiff to recover as a matter of law. The government argues that plaintiff lacks standing to challenge the IFRP because, in order to have such standing, he would need to have refused to participate in the program and been subject to the consequences listed above. Def.’s Mot. Summ. J. (Def.’s Mot.) at 9-10. Concerning the merits of Mr. Salter’s claims, defendant first argues that no fiduciary duties were violated by the BOP when it conditioned plaintiffs eligibility for certain benefits upon his agreement to participate in the IFRP. Def.’s Mot. at 10-12; Del’s Supp’l Br. at 1-4. Second, the government argues that Mr. Salter has been unable to offer any evidence supporting his claim that the prison officials who obtained his consent to participate in the IFRP were compensated based on their success in these efforts. Def.’s Resp. to Pl.’s Supp’l Br. in Opp’n to Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J. at 2-3. Third, defendant argues that the modifications to the timing, and amount, of Mr. Salter’s repayment were lawful and did not involve BOP setting the amount of a criminal fine. Def.’s Mot. at 12-13. The government’s motion has been fully briefed and oral argument has been heard.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Applicable Legal Standard
Summary judgment is appropriate only, if, based on materials in the record, a “movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” RCFC 56(a), (c); see Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986); Sweats Fashions, Inc. v. Pannill Knitting Co., 833 F.2d 1560, 1562-63 (Fed.Cir.1987); Tecom, Inc. v. United States, 66 Fed.Cl. 736, 743 (2005). Material facts are those “that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505. A dispute over facts is genuine “if the evidence is such that a reasonable [factfinder] could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Id.
B. Analysis
The Court begins its analysis, as it must, see Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 94-102, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998), with the government’s jurisdictionally-based argument for judgment — that Mr. Salter lacks standing to object to the threatened consequences because he has not actually suffered them. Defendant relies on a district court opinion stating that a prisoner must refuse participation in the IFRP and suffer the consequences before he can challenge the legality of those consequences. Def.’s Mot. at 9 (citing Shaw v. Daniels, No. 10-cv-00234, 2010 WL 4628905, at *3 n.4 (D.Colo. Nov. 8, 2010)). On this basis, defendant claims that because Mr. Salter has voluntarily participated in the IFRP since 2005, he therefore lacks standing to challenge the program. Id. at 10. In response, Mr. Salter points out that his challenge is not to the IFRP itself; rather, his claim is that by threatening to impose the consequences for non-compliance, the BOP has coerced him into agreeing to release his funds, thus breaching its fiduciary duties. Pl.’s Resp. to Def.’s Mot. Summ. J. (Pl.’s Opp’n) at 4. Moreover, he also notes that he did in fact refuse to participate in the program, and was thus exposed to the consequences for nonparticipation, id. a fact which was noted by the government in its motion for summary judgment, Def.’s Mot. at 3 (citing Def.’s App. at 7). Plaintiffs view of the matter is the correct one — he is not challenging the BOP’s authority to impose the threatened consequences, but rather their use to induce agreement to participate in the IFRP. It appears beyond question that Mr. Salter has standing to challenge alleged violations of the fiduciary duties owed him by the government trustees of his funds.
Before addressing plaintiffs claim concerning the consequences of a refusal to participate in the IFRP, the Court will consider the government’s arguments for judgment on his other two claims, which are simpler matters. In his complaint, Mr. Salter alleged that BOP employees’ salaries and employment evaluations were “based, in part, upon the level of prisoner participation in the I.F.R.P.” Compl. at 2. This allegation rested on a Sixth Circuit opinion which reported that at injunc-tive relief hearings “evidence was adduced to establish that prison employees were informed that their employment evaluations and determinations regarding salary increases would be based in part on the level of participation in the inmate financial responsibility program in that particular correction facility.” Washington v. Reno, 35 F.3d 1093, 1096 (6th Cir.1994).
In arguing for summary judgment, the government relied on the declaration of Allia J. Lewis, who had been employed by the BOP since mid-1994 and was its Senior Correctional Programs Specialist since April 2011. See Def.’s Reply to Pl.’s Resp. to Def.’s Mot. Summ. J. at 2; Def.’s App. at 4, 7 (Lewis Decl. ¶¶ 1, 7). According to Ms. Lewis, “BOP employees do not financially benefit from the level of inmate participation in the IFRP.” Def.’s App. at 7 (Lewis Decl. ¶ 7). Plaintiff countered that a district court opinion dealing with how BOP officials are evaluated for purposes of promotion and compensation noted a job element entitled “Implements Operations or Programs,” which he presumes must include the IFRP. PL’s Comments, EOF No. 3.8, at 2-3 (citing Ricketts v. Ashcroft, No. 00 civ. 1557, 2003 WL 1212618, at *2 n. 2, 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 3878, at *5 n.2 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 17, 2003)). After Mr. Salter was allowed discovery on this topic, see Order (Dec. 3, 2012); Order (May 1, 2013), he argued that the “Implements Operations and Programs” job element, which in 2006 was replaced with the element “Performs Professional Duties,” is the vehicle by which BOP employees had their compensation tied to IFRP participation rates, consistent with the Washington v. Reno dicta. Pl.’s Supp’l Br. at 2-4.
The government is correct that plaintiff has failed to offer any actual evidence in support of this claim. “[M]ere assertions” are not enough to create a genuine issue of material fact which will prevent the granting of summary judgment. Sweats Fashions, 833 F.2d at 1562-63 (quoting Pure Gold, Inc., v. Syntex (U.S.A), Inc., 739 F.2d 624, 626-27 (Fed.Cir.1984)). Nor can a trial court take judicial notice of, or even be persuaded by, facts found in another proceeding based on a different record. See Allison v. United States, 80 Fed.Cl. 568, 596 (2008); [M.S.B.] by Bast v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 117 Fed.Cl. 104, 124 (2014). Even if the referenced statement in Washington v. Reno—which predated Mr. Salter’s controversy by more than a decade — were more than mere dicta, it would not be sufficient to produce a dispute over a genuine issue of material fact. See RCFC 56(c) (discussing the types of evidence that can prove or disprove the existence of a disputed genuine issue of material fact). Moreover, the personnel evaluations of the relevant employees, which were reviewed by the Court in camera, lend no support to Mr. Salter’s claim that the employees at issue were evaluated based on their ability to secure prisoner’s consent to participate in the IFRP. See Order (Aug. 8, 2013), ECF No. 48. In sum, plaintiff has offered no evidence to support his claim that BOP officials are compensated or evaluated based on IFRP participation rates, and summary judgment on this issue in favor of the government is thus warranted.
Moving on, the government refutes plaintiffs claim that BOP officials improperly usurped a judicial function by setting the timing and amount of his fine payments. Defendant argues that when the sentencing court imposes a fine, which is due immediately and in full, the BOP has not usurped a judicial function when it adjusts payment schedules. Def.’s Mot. at 12-13 (citing United States v. Sawyer, 521 F.3d 792, 796-97 (7th Cir.2008)). Plaintiff fails to address this argument in his response to the government’s motion for summary judgment. See PL’s Opp’n at 2- 11. Judgment in favor of the government on this issue could be entered on this basis alone. But the Court further notes that Mr. Salter’s claim that the BOP improperly adjusted the timing or amount of the payments specified in his judgment is based on a misreading of the sentencing order. The district court order which imposed the fine states that “if not paid immediately, any unpaid financial penalty imposed shall be paid during the period of incarceration at a rate of not less than $25 quarterly, or 10% of defendant’s quarterly earnings, whichever is greater.” Pl.’s App. H at 2 (emphasis added). The sentencing court thus made the fine payable immediately, and therefore, the BOP’s decisions were in accord with the district court’s order and therefore proper. See Sawyer, 521 F.3d at 796. Thus, summary judgment on this issue in favor of the government is warranted.
The Court now returns to the question of whether the threatened consequences of an inmate’s refusal to participate in the IFRP constitute a breach of the government’s fiduciary duties as trustee of an inmate’s trust fund account, under 31 U.S.C. § 1321(a)(21). This issue is purely a question of law. Of the eleven consequences, three in particular applied to plaintiffs circumstances — a loss of furlough opportunities, a loss of performance or bonus pay, and a more stringent limitation on monthly commissary spending. See 28 C.F.R. § 545.11(d)(2)-(3), (6). Plaintiff argues that such potential consequences were used to improperly coerce his participation in the IFRP — with the result that his earnings and gifts from his mother were diverted to pay his court-ordered fine, rather than to be used for his benefit, such as for commissary purchases. See Pl.’s Opp’n at 7-8; Compl. at 1-2, 6- 10.
Plaintiffs legal theory begins with the reasonable proposition that the creation of a trust account to hold the funds of an inmate, which is statutorily recognized, see 31 U.S.C. § 1321(a)(21), and pursuant to regulation, see PL’s App. A, Department of Justice Circular No, 2244, imposes fiduciary responsibilities on the BOP. Although the government in this matter took a litigation position to the contrary, see Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss at 1-5, Mr. Salter included with his complaint a copy of a May 22,1995 Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) memorandum which acknowledged these fiduciary obligations. See Pl.’s App. B at 8. This OLC memorandum noted that an earlier opinion of that office stated “[a] withdrawal of [Prisoners Trust Fund moneys] without the inmate’s consent ... would seem to constitute a breach of the terms of the trust.” Id. at 9.
Plaintiff next invokes the rule that a beneficiary’s agreement to release trust funds for a purpose other than his benefit must be voluntary, not coerced or the product of duress. Compl. at 9-11 (citing, inter alia, 76 Am.Jur.2d Trusts § 338). He then concludes, citing cases involving alleged breaches of trust duties and other cases concerning the voluntariness of waivers, that the use of the BOP’s power to withhold privileges amounts to impermissible coercion or duress. Id.; see also PL’s Resp. to Def.’s Supp’l Br. (PL’s Supp’l Resp.) at 4-7. The key language that Mr. Salter relies upon comes from an 1877 Supreme Court opinion:
To constitute the coercion or duress which will be regarded as sufficient to make a payment involuntary ... there must be some actual or threatened exercise of power possessed, or believed to be possessed, by the party exacting or receiving the payment over the person or property of another, from which the latter has no other means of immediate relief than by making the payment.
Radich v. Hutchins, 95 U.S. 210, 213, 24 L.Ed. 409 (1877); see Pl.’s Supp’l Resp. at 4 (quoting Radich); Compl, at 9 (quoting In gram v. Lewis, 37 F.2d 259, 264 (10th Cir.1930) (quoting Radich, 95 U.S. at 213)).
In its motion for summary judgment, the government counters that the IFRP has been universally upheld when challenged, although this is usually in the context of a due process claim. See Def.’s Mot. at 10-11 (citing, inter alia, Matheny v. Morrison, 307 F.3d 709, 712 (8th Cir.2002), Johnpoll v. Thornburgh, 898 F.2d 849, 851 (2d Cir.1990), and James v. Quinlan, 866 F.2d 627, 630 (3d Cir.1989)). The Third Circuit, for instance, after noting that even “inmates’ constitutional rights may be impinged by a prison regulation if it is reasonably related to legitimate penological interests,” James, 866 F.2d at 630 (citing Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 107, 107 S.Ct. 2254, 96 L.Ed.2d 64 (1987)), found that the IFRP “would appear to be reasonably related to a legitimate penological interest in encouraging inmates to rehabilitate themselves by developing a sense of financial responsibility,” id. Similarly, the Second Circuit has held that “the IFRP program serves valid penological interests.” Johwpoll, 898 F.2d at 851.
After the Court requested further briefing on what constitutes coercion or duress in breach of the fiduciary duties owed by a trustee to a beneficiary, see Order (Oct. 26, 2012), the government filed a supplemental brief discussing case law from our court, the Federal Circuit, and the mutual predecessor of both, the Court of Claims, see Def.’s Supp’l Br. at 1-4. These opinions concerned the voluntariness of waivers, releases, and other agreements generally, rather than pressure applied to a beneficiary by a trustee. In the one case involving a trust, a mother who created the trust for her adopted children threatened to disinherit one financially irresponsible son — the plaintiff in that case— unless he agreed to transfer his interests to another trust set up for the benefit of his family. Carpenter v. United States, 4 Cl.Ct. 705, 708-12 (1984), aff'd 790 F.2d 91 (Fed.Cir.1986). Our court found no coercion, duress, or undue influence as a matter of law, id. at 720, since “plaintiffs mother had a legal right to disinherit him and withdraw her financial assistance” and “[tjhreats to do what one has a right to do, are not coercion or duress unless such actions are deemed to violate fundamental notions of fair dealing,” id. at 719 (citing Sys. Tech. Assocs., Inc. v. United States, 699 F.2d 1383, 1387-88 (Fed.Cir.1983)). Those fundamental notions were “certainly” not violated when his “mother was attempting to ensure the financial stability of [plaintiffs] family.” Id.
The other opinions cited by the government, most of which were relied upon in Carpenter, 4 Cl.Ct. at 718-19, discuss in other contexts whether an agreement was the product of coercion or duress. In a case concerning the voluntariness of a tax payment, the Court of Claims explained, “ ‘it is only the threat of a wrongful or unlawful act that may constitute duress.’” Collins v. United States, 209 Ct.Cl. 413, 421-22, 532 F.2d 1344 (1976) (quoting Beatty v. United States, 144 Ct.Cl. 203, 206, 168 F.Supp. 204 (1958)). That opinion cited an earlier case which considered a sale of land to the federal government and held: “It is not duress for a party to do or threaten to do what it has a legal right to do.” Beatty v. United States, 144 Ct.Cl. 203, 207, 168 F.Supp. 204 (1958). And in a ease involving a contract modification, the Court of Claims held that “[s]ome wrongful conduct must be shown, to shift to defendant the responsibility for bargains made by plaintiff under the stress of financial necessity.” La Crosse Garment Mfg. Co. v. United States, 193 Ct.Cl. 168, 177, 432 F.2d 1377 (1970); see also Johnson, Drake & Piper, Inc. v. United States, 209 Ct.Cl. 313, 322, 531 F.2d 1037 (1976).
The government added to these cases a Ninth Circuit opinion which found that the adverse consequences of non-participation did not render an inmate’s IFRP agreement involuntary. Def.’s Supp’l Br. at 3 (discussing United States v. Lemoine, 546 F.3d 1042, 1049-50 (9th Cir.2008)). That court explained, “[t]he use of incentives to encourage compliance in a rehabilitative program does not render it unconstitutional or unlawful, however.” Lemoine, 546 F.3d at 1049 (citing McKnne v. Lile, 536 U.S. 24, 39, 122 S.Ct. 2017, 153 L.Ed.2d 47 (2002)). The Ninth Circuit determined that an inmate “had no entitlement, constitutional or otherwise, to any of the benefits” at issue. Id.
Plaintiff responded that the eases cited by the government did not concern the fiduciary duties that a trustee owes a beneficiary, see Pl.’s Supp’l Resp. at 1-S, and characterized defendant’s argument as an “attempt[] to dilute the fiduciary relationship to that of a commercial transaction,” id. at 3, He then quoted from an opinion from New York’s highest court, written by its then-Chief Judge Benjamin Cardozo, which concerned the duties two members in a joint venture owe each other. Id. at 4 (citing Meinhard v. Salmon, 249 N.Y. 458, 164 N.E. 545 (1928)). That court described “the level of conduct for fiduciaries” as being “at a level higher than that trodden by the crowd,” and explained: “Many forms of conduct permissible in a workaday world for those acting at arm’s length, are forbidden to those bound by fiduciary ties. A trustee is held to something stricter than the morals of the market place.” Meinhard, 249 N.Y. at 464, 164 N.E. 545, Mister Salter argued that the Supreme Court’s Radieh decision, noted above, reflects “[tjhese heightened standards,” Pl.’s Supp’l Br. at 4, in defining “coercion and duress” as the use of “power possessed ... over the person or property of another” when there is “no other means of immediate relief than by making the payment.” Radich, 95 U.S. at 213.
But Radieh did not involve a trust or other fiduciary relationship, and instead concerned the claim of a cotton exporter that he was coerced into paying Confederate officials (in cash and kind) for an export permit. Id. at 212. The Supreme Court found his transaction to be voluntary, as the seizure of his wares was not threatened. Id. at 212-13. Plaintiff cited another Supreme Court case for the propositions that when duress is “sufficient to influence the apprehensions and conduct of a prudent business man, payment wrongfully induced” is not voluntary, and that duress “exerted by one clothed with official authority” requires “less evidence of compulsion or pressure.” Pl.’s Supp’l Br. at 5 (quoting Robertson v. Frank Bros. Co., 132 U.S. 17, 23, 10 S.Ct. 5, 33 L.Ed. 236 (1889)). But the latter point was justified by the prima facie presence of such things as exac-tions of “illegal fees” or “excessive charges,” and the case concerned not fiduciary responsibilities, but rather an importer acquiescing in overvaluations by a customs officer “to avoid an onerous penalty” that was illegal and to secure the release of his goods. Robertson, 132 U.S. at 23-24, 10 S.Ct. 5.
The one opinion plaintiff relied upon which concerned duress imposed by a trastee, Ingram v. Lewis, 37 F.2d 259 (10th Cir.1930), to be sure, quoted the passage he highlighted from Radich. See Ingram, 37 F.2d at 264 (quoting Radich, 95 U.S. at 213). The Ingram case involved allegations that unscrupulous trustees threatened to withhold from the beneficiary his income from a trust, which was all he had to live upon, unless he signed a release transferring the bulk of the trust’s assets to them, Id. at 262. The Tenth Circuit found these allegations sufficient to entitle the beneficiary to a trial on his request for an accounting, id. at 264, explaining that it would be “legal duress for a trustee to refuse to turn over property to his beneficiary rightfully entitled thereto, except upon condition of signing a release,” id. at 263.
Plaintiffs theory, it seems, is that the BOP’s threatened imposition of commissary spending limits, or restrictions on work or furlough opportunities, are akin to a private trustee withholding property from a beneficiary in financial straits. Where plaintiffs theory goes awry is his supposition that the duties and standards of behavior applied to government trustees must be identical to those governing private sector trustees under the common law. For this, Mr. Salter quotes the opinion of a district court that “[i]t is well established that conduct of the Government as trustee is measured by the same standards applicable to private trustees.” Manchester Band of Pomo Indians, Inc. v. United States, 363 F.Supp. 1238, 1245 (N.D.Cal.1973); see Pl.’s Opp’n at 6.
But this district court opinion suffers from two problems. First, the quoted proposition relies upon a passage from a Supreme Court opinion which suggests no such thing. See United States v. Mason, 412 U.S. 391, 398, 93 S.Ct. 2202, 37 L.Ed.2d 22 (1973). Second, the Supreme Court has more recently made it quite plain that its “limited” past use of a private trustee analogy “does not mean the Government resembles a private trustee in eveiy respect.” United States v. Jicarilla Apache Nation, - U.S. -, 131 S.Ct. 2313, 2323, 180 L.Ed.2d 187 (2011). Rather, because of “the unique position of the Government as sovereign,” a trust administered by it “is defined and governed by statutes rather than the common law.” Id.; see also Shoshone Indian Tribe v. United States, 672 F.3d 1021, 1039-40 (Fed.Cir.2012). Questions of federal fiduciary duties usually arise in the context of tribal trusts, organized under a “sovereign function” and “often structured” by the government “to pursue its own policy goals.” Jicarilla Apache, 131 S.Ct. at 2323-24. Thus, the “fiduciary role” that is undertaken might be one “not as a common-law trustee but as the governing authority enforcing statutory law.” Id. at 2324.
These same considerations apply in Mr. Salter’s case. The basis for the relationship between plaintiff and the BOP is the sovereign function of incarcerating an inmate, the government’s enforcement of federal criminal statutes. Unlike a private 'trustee, who voluntarily agrees to administer a trust and assumes the fiduciary responsibilities imposed by the common law, the BOP administers inmate trust fund accounts as a practical accommodation to parties with whom it deals not by choice. While it would almost certainly be coercive for a private trustee to prevent a beneficiary from spending money from any source, or to interfere with a beneficiary’s ability to secure employment, the loss of such liberties is the point of imprisonment. If private trustees were to treat a beneficiary as if he were an inmate, this would undoubtedly be coercive, but that is the starting point of plaintiffs relationship with the BOP. The standard for determining whether participation in the IFRP is the product of coercion or dui’ess must take into account the coercion that is inherent in the nature of incarceration, to be faithful to the statutory framework under which the fiduciary role has been assumed.
Accordingly, merely preventing an inmate from using his own property while incarcerated unless he participates in the IFRP is not necessarily coercive, although this would violate the standards applicable to a private trustee, see Ingram, 37 F.2d at 263. The Court is persuaded that the BOP’s actions should be scrutinized under the standards for determining duress adopted by the Court of Claims and the Federal Circuit&emdash;conduct must be “unlawful” or otherwise “wrongful” to render an agreement involuntaiy. See Sys. Tech., 699 F.2d at 1387-88; Collins, 209 Ct.Cl. at 421-22, 532 F.2d 1344; La Crosse Garment, 193 Ct.Cl. at 177, 432 F.2d 1377. Plaintiff has not identified any authority sup- porting the notion that the threatened conse- quences of non-participation in the IFRP, 28 C.F.R. § 545.11(d)(1)-(9), (11), are illegal or wrongful. And to
the contrary, the Supreme Court has held that a prison program, which threat- ened nearly-identical consequences if incar- cerated sex offenders refused to confess to their past sexual offenses, did not constitute coerced or compelled self-incrimination in vi- olation of the Fifth Amendment. See McKune v. Lile, 536 U.S. 24, 30-31, 39-43, 48, 122 S.Ct. 2017, 153 L.Ed.2d 47 (2002) (plurality opinion); id. at 48-51, 122 S.Ct. 2017 (O’Connor, J., concurring in judgment). Refusal resulted in the automatic curtailing of “visitation rights, earnings, work opportu- nities, ability to send money to family, can- teen expenditures ... and other privileges,” id. at 31, 122 S.Ct. 2017, but the plurality found these to be merely “certain perquisites that make [an inmate’s] life in prison more tolerable,” id. at 42, 122 S.Ct. 2017, and the concurring justice found the resulting “changes in living conditions” to be “minor,” id. at 51, 122 S.Ct. 2017. The plurality noted “the axiom that, by virtue of their convic- tions, inmates must expect significant restric- tions, inherent in prison life, on rights and privileges free citizens take for granted,” id. at 40, 122 S.Ct. 2017, and found that “[a]n essential tool of prison administration ... is the authority to offer inmates various incen- tives to behave,” id. at 39, 122 S.Ct. 2017. If the Supreme Court does not believe that these threatened consequences amount to compulsion when self-incrimination is the goal, the Court cannot see how they can be considered coercive in this case.
As was discussed earlier, the IFRP has been repeatedly upheld as serving the valid penological objective of rehabilitating inmates. See Lemoine, 546 F.3d at 1049; Johnpoll, 898 F.2d at 851; James, 866 F.2d at 630. Plaintiff has provided no reason for doubting this. If an inmate does not generally enjoy rights to particular work opportunities or to unlimited commissary purchases, he cannot loosen these restrictions on his liberty by opening a trust fund account and invoking common law fiduciary duties. As a matter of law, plaintiffs participation in the IFRP was not coerced, and the government’s motion for summary judgment is accordingly GRANTED.
III. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, the government’s motion for summary judgment is GRANTED. The Clerk is directed to enter judgment accordingly.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. Though it is clear from the record that such an account was opened, see Compl., App. I at 1-2, the record fails to show when this account was opened.
. The parties disagree vehemently about the proper label for these consequences. Plaintiff maintains that these consequences are "punitive penalties,” Compl. at 2, while defendant describes these consequences as the denial of "certain benefits” and not the imposition of "inmate discipline,” Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J. (Def.’s Mot.) at 9. The label applied is irrelevant to the disposition of the government’s motion.
. Positions with UNICOR, also known as Federal Prison Industries, Inc., see 28 C.F.R. § 345.11, provide inmates with job training opportunities, see Core Concepts of Fla., Inc. v. United States, 327 F.3d 1331, 1333 (Fed.Cir.2003), and are thus apparently sought after by prisoners.
. Sub-paragraph ten is reserved for future use. See 28 C.F.R. § 545.1 l(d)(10).
. Those particular facts were irrelevant to the issues before the Sixth Circuit, which concerned the constitutionality of a policy regarding the telephone calls of inmates and whether money in a trust fund resulting from commissary sales could be spent to implement that policy. See Washington, 35 F.3d at 1099-103. .
. Plaintiff has moved to strike the Lewis declaration, arguing that she failed to explain her responsibilities with the BOP during the time period in which the alleged breaches of fiduciary duties occurred. PL's Mot. to Strike at 2. But Ms. Lewis has properly alleged that her statements were "based on [her] own personal knowledge and on information made available to [her] in the performance of [her] official duties,” and these duties included “coordinating and monitoring the [IFRP].” Def.’s App. at 4-5 (Lewis Decl. ¶ 1). The government further explained that her duties from 2004 to 2011 involved the IFRP. Def.’s Resp. to Pl.'s Mot. to Strike at 1-2. The motion to strike is thus DENIED.
. Plaintiff also relies on an affidavit from a fellow inmate, William Julian, stating that a BOP official referenced a memorandum indicating what Mr. Julian's monthly IFRP payment should be. Pl.’s Opp'n at 10 (citing Pl.’s App. J). But even read in the light most favorable to Mr. Salter, see Nat'l Am. Ins. Co. v. United States, 498 F.3d 1301, 1303 (Fed.Cir.2007), this statement has nothing'to do with the evaluation or compensation of BOP officials.
. The Court also notes that it is not clear that this allegation amounts to a claim that a fiduciary duty has been breached, since the allegation does not directly concern the administration of his trust fund account.
. These were identified by Mr. Salter during the oral argument held by telephone on October 25, 2012.
. The Court notes that Mr. Salter's well researched and cogently written submissions were of a much higher quality than is typical for pro se litigants. Indeed, he succeeded in defeating the government’s motion to dismiss the case. See Salter v. United States, No. 10-318, 2011 WL 6890645, at *2 (Fed.Cl. Dec. 29, 2011).
.Although one cannot tell from the copy of the OLC memorandum submitted by plaintiff due to the absence of nearly an entire paragraph, the referenced opinion was a memorandum attached to a letter to the Comptroller General dated August 23, 1968. See Fiduciary Obligations Re: Bureau of Prisons Commissary Fund, 19 Op. O.L.C. 127, 128 (1995).
. The Court notes that only two of the cases discussed by Mr. Salter in his response—Meinhard v. Salmon, 249 N.Y. 458, 164 N.E. 545 (1928) and Ingram v. Lewis, 37 F.2d 259 (10th Cir.1930) —concerned a fiduciary relationship. See Pl.’s Supp’l Resp. at 4-7.
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BAPTISTS
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BAPTISTS
of the eighteenth century. From 16S4 on, churches also appeared in Permsylvania, New Jersey, and Dela- ware. Cold Spring, Bucks Co., had the first one in Pennsylvania (1684); and Middletown heads the list in Niw Jersey (1688). A congregation was organ- ized also in 1688 at Permepek, or Lower Dublin, now part of Philadelpliia. The latter churches were to exert very considerable influence in shaping the doc- trinal system of the largest part of American Bap- tists. Philadelphia became a centre of Baptist ac- tivity and organization. Down to about the year 1700 it seemed as if the majority of American Bap- tists would belong to the General or Arminian branch. Many of the earliest churches were of that type. But only Particular Baptist congregations were es- tablished in and about Philadelphia, and these, through the foundation of the Philadelphia Associa- tion in 1707, which fostered mutual intercourse among them, became a strong central organization about which other Baptist churches rallied. As a result, we see to-day the large number of Particular (Reg- ular) Baptists. Until the Great Awakening, however, which gave new impetus to their activity, they in- creased but slowly. Since that time their progress has not been seriously checked, not even by the Revolution. True, the academy of Hopewell, New Jersey, their first educational institution, established in 1756, disappeared during the war; but Rhode Island College, chartered in 1764, sur\nved it and became Brown University in 1804. Other educa- tional institutions, to mention only the earlier ones, were founded at the beginning of the nineteenth cen- tury: Waterville (now Colby) College, Maine, in 1818; Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, in 1820; and in 1821, Columbian College at Washington (now the undenominational George Washington Univer- sity).
Organized mission work was also undertaken at about the same time. In 1814 "The General Mis- sionary Convention of the Baptist Denomination in the United States of America for Foreign Missions'' was established at Philadelphia. It split in 1845 and formed the "American Baptist Missionary Union" for the North, with present head-quarters at Boston, and the "Southern Baptist Convention", with head- quarters at Richmond (Virginia), and Atlanta (Geor- gia), for foreign and home missions respectively. In 1832, the "American Baptist Home Mission Society", intended primarily for the Western States, was or- ganized in New York where it still has its head- quarters. In 1824, the "Baptist General Tract So- ciety" was formed at Washington, removed to Philadelphia in 1826, and in 1S40 became the "Amer- ican Baptist Pubhcation Society". The Regular Baptists divided in 1845, not indeed doctrinally, but organically, on the question of slavery. Since that time, attempts at reunion ha^ang remained fruitless; they exist in tliree bodies: Northern, Southern, and Coloured. The Northern Baptists constitutetl, 17 May, 1907, at Washington, a representative body, called the " Northern Baptist Convention ", whose object is " to give expression to the sentiment of its constituency upon matters of denominational im- portance and of general religious and moral interest." Governor Hughes of New York was elected president of the new organization.
(3) The Baptists in Other Countries. — (a) America. The earliest Baptist church in the Dominion of Canada was organized at Horton, Nova Scotia, in 1763, by the Rev. Ebenezer Moulton of New England. This church, like many of the earlier ones, was com- po.sed of Baptists and Congregationalists. The influx of settler.s from New England and Scotland and the work of zealous evangelists, such as Theodore Seth Harding, who laboured in the Maritime Pro\'inccs from 1795 to 1855, soon increased the number of Baptists in the country. The end of the eighteenth
century was marked by a period of re^^vals, which prepared the formation of the "Association of the Baptist churches of Nova Scotia and New Bruns- wick" in 1800. In 1815, a missionary society was formed, and the work of organization in every line was continued throughout the nineteenth century, growing apace with Baptist influence and numbers. In 1889 some previously existing societies were con- solidated in the "Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec", whose various departments of work are: home missions, foreign missions, publications, church edifices, etc. Among the educational institutions of the Canadian Baptists may be mentioned Acadia Col- lege (founded 1838), Woodstock College (founded 1860), and McMaster University at Toronto (char- tered 1887). MoiJton College for women (opened 1888) is affiliated to the last mentioned institution. In other parts of America the Baptists are chiefly represented in the countries colonized by England. Thus we find a Baptist church in Jamaica as early as 1816. In Latin America the Baptist churches are not numerous and are of missionary origin. Re- cently, the Northern Baptists have taken Porto Rico as their special field, wliile the Southern Baptist Convention has chosen Cuba.
(b) European Continent. The founder of the Bap- tist churches in Germany was Johann Gerhard Oncken, whose independent study of the Scriptures led him to adopt Baptist views several years before he had an opportunity of receiving "believers' baptism". Hav- ing incidentally heard that an American Baptist, B. Sears, was pursuing his studies at Berlin, he com- municated \\-ith him and was with six others bap- tized by him at Hamburg in 1834. His activity as an evangelist drew new adherents to the movement. The number of the Baptists increased, in spite of the opposition of the German state churches. In Prussia alone relative toleration was extended to them until the foundation of the Empire brought to them almost every^vhere freedom in the exercise of their religion. A Baptist theological school was founded in 1881 at Hamburg-Horn. From Germany the Baptists spread to the neighboiu-ing countries, Denmark, Sweden, Smtzerland, Austria, Russia. No- where on the Continent of Europe has the success of the Baptists been so marked as in Sweden, where their number is larger to-day than even in Germany. The Swedish Baptists date from the year 1848, when five persons were baptized near Gothenburg by a Baptist minister from Denmark. Andreas Wiberg became their great leader (1855-87). They have had a seminary at Stockliolm since 1866. Among the Latin nations the Baptists never gained a firm foot- hold, although a Particular Baptist church seems to have existed in France by 1646, and a theological school was established in that country in 1879.
(c) Asia, Australasia, and Africa. William Carey first preached the Baptist doctrine in India in 1793. India and the neighbouring countries have ever since remained a favourite field for Baptist missionary work and have flourishing missions. Missions exist also in China, Japan, and several other Asiatic coun- tries. The first Baptist chm-ches in Australasia were organized between 1830 and 1840 in different places. Immigration from England, whence the leading Bap- tist ministers were until very recently drawn, in- creased, though not rapidly, the numbers of the denomination. During the period which elapsed be- tween 1860 and 1870, a new impulse was given to Baptist activity. Churches were organized in rapid succession in Australia, and mi-ssionary work was taken up in India. The two chief hindrances complained of by Baptists in that part of the world, are State Socialism, i. e. excessive concentration of power in the executive, and want of loyalty to strictly denomi- national principles and practices. The Baptist churches of the African continent are, if we except | WIKI |
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Talk:Satanic panic/Archive 2
New headings for SRA cases
I suggest that the heading 'modern reports' be altered to something like 'contested cases', since all the information contained in this section relates to cases of SRA that have generated significant public concern over possible miscarriages of justice, unfair prosecution, improper investigation, etc.
We can then add an additional section called 'uncontested cases' or 'unambiguous cases' (anyone have any ideas?) which details cases of SRA in which perpetrators plead guilty and there was unambiguous evidence for their guilt. I'm thinking of cases like that in Perth, Australia, in 1991, where a young man plead guilty to the sexual abuse of several young children. During the trial, he claimed to have been a member of a satanic cult since his early teens that engaged in ritualistic sexual practices with young children. The state alleged that the young children had been sexually abused in satanic rituals, and that this included the use of hypnosis, trance, blood letting and blood drinking, animal sacrifice and other ritual practices. Contracts with 'satan' signed in the children's blood were adduced at trial.
There are other cases around the world in which evidence for satanic ritual abuse was adduced at trial, resulting in a guilty verdict, and there are cases in which perpetrators confessed and pled guilty. These cases did not generate significant media attention, because they were unambiguous, complex, and often very disturbing. I think it would add significant value to this article if there was a section here to document such cases, as the current focus on contested cases is prudicial in that it directs the reader to presume that the only SRA cases are contested or ambiguous cases.
Anyone have any thoughts/comments/objections?
--Biaothanatoi 22:56, 20 September 2007 (UTC)
* I've taken a stab at the introduction to this section - let me know what you think and whether you object to the changes. I had a number of concerns about this section that are worth flagging here:
* * The text was factually incorrect in stating that reports of SRA occured in the 1960s - the phrase was unknown at the time.
* * The article asserts a number of POV positions as fact, including that allegations of SRA were constructed from material in popular culture.
* * The text is contradictory (and the author somewhat hypocritical) in condemning "morbid curiousity" after providing unsourced allegations of babies in microwaves and people drinking urine.
* * The text provides unsourced claims from "Wiccan investigators" which characterises people who assert that SRA as mentally ill, whilst referring to "others" (???) which characterises people who watch programs on SRA as voyeuristic.
* I've tried to summarise the diversity of skeptical positions on SRA, and the many factors which impacted on early investigations. Since there are more then a few skeptics on this page, let me know what you think. --Biaothanatoi 01:31, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
* I've added a few new SRA cases in North America, and extended the section on the West Memphis 3. Information on some cases are only available via Lexus Nexus, since they didn't get any press at the time, however they are pertinent to the question of whether allegations of "satanic ritual abuse" are fabrications (which many authors on this page have previously suggested) or whether they could be based on factual events.
* If anyone has more information on the West Memphis 3 that they'd like to add, I would encourage you to do so. The court documents that I've read are not flattering to the accused and I'm unsure why they are garnering such public support, so perhaps there are facts about this case that I'm unaware of. It would be interesting to see them posted here. --Biaothanatoi 03:03, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
Moral panic theory - Mary De Young
The quotation from Mary de Young on "moral panics" in the first paragraph is biased in that it's primary position in the article clearly infers that "moral panic" theory is the likely explanation for SRA. This is not the consensus position amongst those who are skeptical of SRA, and it ignores the significant body of empirical research which suggests that allegations of SRA are based on factual experiences of organised and ritualistic abuse.
Whilst moral panic is one explanation of Satanic Ritual Abuse, but it's not the only one - even amongst the skeptics. Elaine Showalter claimed that is was evidence of "pre-millenial anxiety", Linley Hood claimed it was evidence of homophobic attacks on gay childcare workers, Debbie Nathan claimed it was evidence of a backlash against working mothers placing their children in daycare, Ralph Underwager claimed it was a conspiracy created be lesbians and feminist seeking to undermine the nuclear family, John Pooley claimed it was evidence of temporary frontal lobe epilepsy, David Frankfurter claims it's an expression of a universal human need to beleive in ultimate evil, Jeffrey Victor claimed it was an invention of fundamentalist Christians, Richard Ofshe claimed that it was the result of hypnotic police interviewing techniques, Pamela Freyd claimed it was the result of psychotherapeutic malpractice. And so on.
I'm deleting de Young's quote on the basis of it's POV and biased positioning. de Young's contributions to the debate on "moral panic" are important but the centrality given to her opinion is clearly designed to influence the reader to the "moral panic" position. It fails to acknowledge the diversity of the skeptical positions on SRA, let alone on the debate as a whole. Perhaps someone wants to start up a passage on the 'moral panic' position on SRA? Or even a summary of alternative explanations, like the many that I've listed above?
--Biaothanatoi 00:16, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
* I'm afraid I don't see how these explanations are contradictory, especially since de Young specifically mentions "the patriarchy thesis" and "feminist arguments", "religious fundamentalist notions of premillennarian evil", "a hierarchy of abuse with the 'ultimate evil' of satanic ritual abuse at its peak", etc etc. In any case, the use of the quotation was not to privilege a "moral panic explanation" over other skeptical explanations, but to summarize the skeptical view on the subject. And the skeptical view is, in fact, also the mainstream view. I'm aware of the burgeoning network of websites, message boards, and activist groups insisting that academia and the media got it all wrong, that SRA is really a widespread, highly organized network spanning the globe, etc. But this is a fringe theory which needs to be treated as such. I'm afraid that your recent edits to the article have involved extensive synthesis of apparently reliable sources to advance an argument that, taken individually, they do not make. The mainstream view of McMartin, for example, is that "That case, in which hundreds of children made increasingly bizarre claims of abuse against the family owners and employers of a preschool in Manhattan Beach (Los Angeles County), eventually fell apart in acquittals, hung juries and questions about prosecutorial excess." . The supposed archaeological evidence of backfilled tunnels has been received with wide skepticism, despite your incredibly prejudicial conclusion that they "have yet to be refuted by an archaeologist". Since there is a clear mainstream view of SRA, this article should be written to it. It can certainly accommodate the claims of the SRA movement but should not be beholden to them. < el eland // talk edits > 15:33, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
* The many skeptical opinions on SRA are worth noting, but I see no reason why "moral panic" theory be privileged over any other. I also see no disjunction between your quote on McMartin and the information I provided. In fact, I detailed the defence's argument in greater detail then any preceeding author. --Biaothanatoi 14:34, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
Removed as unsourced
* As of July, 2007, press and media figures and much of the public treats claims of Satanic ritual abuse with great skepticism.
Move some case studies
What do you think of moving the non-satanic cases to False allegation of child sexual abuse? --Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ) 07:56, 22 September 2007 (UTC) I am against the move because these cases may have occurred. Abuse truth 22:57, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
removal of Repeated descriptions of secret rooms section
I am removing the section below because it is unsourced. It is also ambiguous.
Repeated descriptions of secret rooms
While most SRA accounts are regarded by modern eyes as absurd and impossible, the abuse setting of a secret room, tunnel, or other "special" location is a theme which not only is noticeable in (now disproven) victim recollections, but has also been verified by several official investigations. Abuse truth 23:08, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
Ralph Underwager and the Institute of Psychologal Therapies
An editor here has accused me of slandering Dr Ralph Underwager, the founder of the Institute of Psychological Therapies and the False Memory Syndrome Foundation.
For his interest, I have provided exerpts of an article published in The Sunday Times, called "Child abuse expert says paedophilia part of 'god's will' - Dr Ralph Underwager" by Liz Lightfoot, 19 December 1993.
* AN AMERICAN psychologist whose evidence has been widely used to discredit child witnesses in sexual abuse cases has claimed that men who have sex with children could defend their behaviour as part of God's will ...
* Last night Underwager admitted that his credibility had been damaged by the interview, in which he urged paedophiles to defend themselves publicly. He denied that he approved of the behaviour, but added that "scientific evidence" showed 60% of women sexually abused as children reported that the experience had been good for them. He contended the same could be true for boys.
* He confirmed that he had approved the article in the journal Paidika, subtitled the Journal of Paedophilia, before publication. In it he stated: "Paedophiles need to become more positive and make the claim that paedophilia is an acceptable expression of God's will for love and unity among human beings.
* "The solution that I'm suggesting is that paedophiles become much more positive. They should directly attack the concept, the image, the picture of the paedophile as an evil, wicked and reprehensible exploiter of children." ...
* He has been forced to resign from his high-profile position as a founding member of the False Memory Society (FMS) following the article. The FMS, which has branches in America and Britain, was set up to examine the phenomenon of adults in therapy who falsely recall being abused as children. It told Underwager he could remain a member only if he was prepared to state that any sexual contact between a child and an adult was always destructive.
* "I am a scientist and I could not agree to that because it is not a statement based on scientific research," he said this weekend ...
* Underwager said he believed feminists were jealous of men's ability to love other men or children and had stirred up hysteria over paedophilia. "The point where men may say that maleness can include the intimacy and closeness of sex may make women jealous," he said in the interview. "This would hold true for male bonding, and paedophile sex too."
--Biaothanatoi 01:06, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
Paul and Shirley Eberle, and child pornography
An editor has accused me of 'poisoning the well' when I stated that information taken from Paul and Shirley Eberle's book "Abuse of Innocence: The McMartin Preschool Trial" was untrustworthy because the Eberles have published and distributed child pornography.
The Eberle's history first came to light with the publication of the article "Paul and Shirley Eberle: A Strange Pair of Experts" in a 1988 addition of Ms Magazine. An excerpt is provided below:
* What is startling about the Eberles' reputation as ground-breaking experts in the field is that their dubious credentials have not been widely challenged. Paul and Shirley Eberle edit a soft-core magazine in California called the L.A. Star that contains a mixture of nude photos, celebrity gossip, telephone sex ads, and promos for The Politics of Child Abuse.
* In the 1970's, however, the Eberles were also publishing hard-core pornography. Their publication, Finger, depicted scenes of bondage, S & M, and sexual activities involving urination and defecation. A young girl portrayed with a wide smile on her face sits on top of a man whose penis is inside of her; a woman has oral sex with a young boy in a drawing entitled "Memories of My Boyhood."
* The Eberles were featured nude on one cover holding two life-size blow up dolls names "Love Girl" and "Play Guy." No dates appear on the issues and the Eberles rarely attach their names, referring to themselves as "The L.A. Star Family."
* The Eberles were the distributors of Finger and several other underground magazines, says Donald Smith, a sergeant with the obscenity section of the Los Angeles Police Department's vice division who followed the couple for years. LAPD was never able to prosecute for child pornography: "There were a lot of photos of people who looked like they were under age but we could never prove it." The pictures of young children in Finger are illustrations, and child pornography laws were less rigid a decade ago than they are today.
* "Sexpot at Five," "My First Rape, She Was Only Thirteen," and "What Happens When Niggers Adopt White Children" are some of the articles that appeared in Finger. One letter states: "I think it's really great that your mags have the courage to print articles & pixs [sic] on child sex...Too bad I didn't hear from more women who are into child sex...Since I'm single I'm not getting it on with my children, but I know of a few families that are. If I were married & my wife & kids approved--I'd be having sex with my daughters."
* Another entry reads: "I'm a pedophile & I think its [sic] great a man is having sex with his daughter!...Since I didn't get Finger #3, I didn't get to see the stories & pics of family sex. Would like to see pics of nude girls making it with their daddy, but realize its too risky to print."
During cross examination of an expert witness in the trial of Margaret Kelly Michaels, the prosecution referred to the Eberles as "child pornographers", and the judge dismissed the defence's application for a mistrial on the basis that such a label was based on fact. (Judge denies mistrial in sex-abuse case, The Associated Press, 22 January 1988). An exerpt is below:
* A state judge yesterday refused to declare a mistrial in a 7-month-old child sex-abuse case over the remarks of a prosecutor, who had called the authors of a book recommended by a defense witness "child pornographers." ...
* Superior Court Judge William F. Harth denied the motion yesterday, saying use of the word "pornographer" was not improper.
* "We established that some of the literature he relied on {as an expert} was written by child pornographers," [prosecutor] Goldberg said outside the courtroom yesterday.
* On Wednesday, Goldberg, in front of the jury, called the authors "child pornographers" because of other publications linked to the Eberles: the newspaper L.A. Star, which Goldberg said advertised sex services and contained the Eberles' writings, and the sexually explicit magazine Finger.
* Goldberg, outside the courtroom yesterday, displayed a copy of Finger, which he said the Eberles published. On the cover were pictures of a naked couple posing with life-size inflatable dolls. Inside, the couple was identified as Paul and Shirley Eberle, and the dolls as Love Girl and Play Guy.
* The copy also showed pictures of naked children.
If it has been deemed appropriate to refer to the Eberles child pornographers in court, then surely it is inappropriate for Wikipedia to rely on their published writings.
I hope that this information assists editors and contributers here in understanding the complexity of the SRA debate, and how this debate has been shaped by pro-incest advocates like Ralph Underwager and child pornographers like Paul and Shirley Eberle.
--Biaothanatoi 01:22, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
* The Duke Lacrosse players were called rapists in legal proceedings. Legal proceedings are adversarial, in which both sides make conflicting statements. Even being found guilty or innocent does not make legal statements true. The Salem witches were found guilty, and O.J. was found innocent. Wikipedia isn't about "truth". Its about verifiability, and historical consensus, and not giving undue weight to fringe opinions. Anyway, your using a straw man attack. The Eberles are not used as a source in this article. Posing naked does not make you "pornographers". John Lennon and Yoko Ono posed naked for their album cover, and every medical textbook I have has genitals in it, and Wikipedia has nudity in it, so maybe by your definition, your contributing to pornography too. --Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ) 08:57, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
* The LAPD believes that the Eberles were active in the child pornography trade, and so too did a judge. You can make up your own mind, but it's hard to understand your defense of the Eberles given that their publication "Finger" contained images of children having sex with adults, stories of children being raped, and rapturous fan mail from self-identified paedophiles.
* You apply a "floating standard" to material in this article that changes when it suits you. Your previous position was that, as long as information is printed and published somewhere (on a website, in a newspaper, in a book), it is 'verifiable' and can therefore be included here. Your position seems to apply a fairly low standard in terms of credibility or relevance - for instance, you've claimed that the word of an obituarist on a dead woman's mental health is of equal (if not superior) value to the professional opinion of the dead woman's psychologist, simply because the obituary was published in NYT.
* Now we find you contesting the relevance of edited reports because they were published outside North America and contesting the findings of a judge and the relevance of newspaper court reporters because the legal process is not perfect. By your previous standard, this information is verifiable and therefore an acceptable source for a Wikipedia. It seems that you are applying a new standard - or rather, a set of spurious tests designed to block information from this article that doesn't suit your POV.
* I included this information on the Eberles here after you accused me of slander and libel. Clearly, you were incorrect in that accusation, since the involvement of the Eberles in the child sex trade has been public knowledge for almost twenty years. --Biaothanatoi 02:05, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
The "questioning children" section
I've substantially rewritten the section on "questioning children", which made a number of unsourced and factually incorrect assertions regarding the reliability of children's testimony.
There is a considerable body of research into children's testimony and the accuracy of their memory - research sparked in no small way by the controversies over ritual abuse. This research does not suggest that children are highly suggestible or easily led by adults. What it demonstrates is that, whlist leading interview techniques impact on both adults and children, they rarely lead to false reports.
Play therapy with very young children has also been successfully tendered as evidence of sexual abuse in court for years now, and whilst it may be a controversial technique amongst those influenced by the False Memory Syndrome movement, it does not attract the same skepticism in legal or academic circles.
I've also included information in this section on children's difficulties in sexual assault trials, which is well documented by researchers in America, Australia and Britain. It is pertinent to the issue of questioning children. I can provide further sources and information on this matter if other editors think it would add to the article.
--Biaothanatoi 04:43, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
The "hypnosis and false memories" section
This is a strange section for a number of reasons, and I suggest that it be substantively rewritten.
For instance, not a single source is provided for any assertion in the entire section, and a number of statements are made at such a level of generality that they can be easily disproven. The most concerning aspect of this article is that it uses the phrase "recovered memory therapy" to refer to a "technique" through which memories of child abuse are recovered.
There is no psychotherapeutic technique called "recovered memory therapy". The phrase was invented by Richard Ofshe and Ethan Waters in their book "Making Monsters" to auspice both evidence-based treatment for PTSD as well as fringe practices such as 'rebirthing', 'past-life regression', etc. This was a rhetorical strategy designed to undermine the credibility of all treatment for traumatic amnesia.
As you can read in this article, Richard Ofshe's theories on SRA were thrown out of court in Paul Ingram case, where the judge called his logic "odd" and his conclusions unfounded, and called into question his professional capacity and expertise. The fact that Ofshe later promulgated those same conclusions through his advocacy work with the False Memory Syndrome Foundation does not mean that we should reproduce them here as fact, particularly since they have been found to be lacking in court, and robustly contested by his academic peers.
--Biaothanatoi 06:51, 24 September 2007 (UTC)
* Rewritten - see what you think. --Biaothanatoi 01:11, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
Interested editors?
For anyone who is interested in edits relating to this topic, I'm having some difficulty at Satanic ritual abuse and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with editors who are incredulous that the term "Satanic ritual abuse" is even appropriate for what is discussed there. Would love to see input/assistance from editors here who are familiar with the topic. Rich Uncle Skeleton (talk) 22:59, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
Broad summary of contested issues at WP:FTN
Over at the fringe theories noticeboard I have posted a broad review of certain recent edits to this page; in summary, I believe that reliable published sources have been selectively misquoted and misinterpreted to push a fringe POV. Please try and keep the resulting discussion in one place. < el eland / talk edits > 15:01, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
The question of secret tunnels or dungeons
"Not all SRA accounts mention tunnels or secret rooms, however a significant number do. While these stories are now generally dismissed as the product of over-active childhood imaginations, it should be noted that some evidence of tunnels has appeared in certain documented SRA cases."
* The above section has no sources, contains numerous weasel words, and does not document either the 'significant number' of accounts containing tunnels, nor that 'some evidence...has appeared'. Provide citations for both, and that this is significant to SRA, and the section could stay in; otherwise, it looks like a bit of WP:OR that tunnels are somehow significant. Pointing to random bits of evidence or items linked to some cases of SRA and saying that they are somehow significant is not how a featured article is made. Before re-adding the section, use the section on the talk page to try to get it to a point that it is acceptable to most contributors. WLU 13:06, 20 September 2007 (UTC)
well my source is other wikipedia pages lol. go read some of the pages on the different accusations; secret rooms or tunnels do keep coming up (even though the cases were later disproven). I guess I think its notable, especially when looked at after the alien section. The documented accounts are mentioned above by biaothanatoi... yes I can come up with many citations but is that going to change your mind? With SRA I think it is clear you have to consider the "hypothetical" nature of so much of the rhetoric on both sides of the issue. In that regard I don't think a secret room reference is out of order, again consider some of the far longer sections left in. PS- I think room is proably a better catch-all than tunnel the more I think about it<IP_ADDRESS> 01:05, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
* This is not a case of 'my citations vs yours'. Tunnels and 'secret rooms' are not a defining feature of disclosures of SRA. Given that tunnels are tangential to the issue under discussion, what would a section on tunnels add to the article? From your explanation above, it seems that you believe it adds value to the article by emphasising an unlikely or impossible feature of some disclosures of SRA, thus adding weight to the argument that SRA is a fabrication.
* Although they did feature in some high-profile allegations, there is no research which suggests that tunnels are a frequent feature of disclosures of SRA. There are also cases in which tunnels and secret rooms where alleged, and later found. For instance, Marc Dutroux was a high-profile sex offender and murderer in Belgium who was trafficking kidnapped girls and children into an international child abuse ring which also, according to survivors, practiced Satanic rituals. He held the children in secret undergorund rooms beneath his seven houses whilst trafficking them into slavery.
* Given that tunnels aren't a defining feature of SRA, and that there is no research to suggest they are a common feature of SRA, it seems to me that a section on tunnels would add very little to the article. If that section were to claim, as you apparently advocate, that allegations of tunnels are significant because they have never been found to exist, then you would be misleading the reader, because such a claim is factually incorrect. --Biaothanatoi 13:31, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
I'm sorry I'm not being clearer. My point is that why would tunnels show up in stories AND verified cases, if there wasn't some truth to it? I think the tunnel/secret room issue is important, I haven't reade much of the research, but I have read the entireity of almost every wikipedia page on the subject and secret rooms do keep showing up, either in the verified cases mentioned above or in simple accusations. Even if it is a psychological explanation, the events forcing a need for safety and privacy in child so the concotion of the secret room stories, or something else. I think there is a hundred different ways to cut the issue but none of them are simple "totally made up" scenarios. So anyways I think its notable as proof of the existence of SRA or at least the need for further investigation.<IP_ADDRESS> 00:01, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
* Removed as WP:OR I believe. WLU 20:36, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
The McMartin section
The section on the McMartin preschool appears to have been drawn from a book written by Paul and Shirley Eberle, who came to the attention of the police in the 1970s for the manufacture and distribution of child pornography (see Laurina, M. (1988). "Paul and Shirley Eberle: A Strange Pair of Experts." Ms. Magazine).
The Eberles are notable for their belief that some forms of sex with children are 'benign', and their conspiracy theory that a vast network of corrupt social workers, psychotherapists and police officers are trying to convict innocent parents of sexual abuse. The Eberles have no credibility in the field of child abuse and child protection, although they were able to propagate their work through groups such as Victims of Child Abuse Laws and the False Memory Syndrome Foundation.
Any reference to their book should be removed from this article and any information drawn from their book should be considered extremely suspect. The McMartin section needs to be substantially rewritten.
Biaothanatoi 11:49, 19 September 2007 (UTC)
* I have substantially rewritten the McMartin section and included multiple references, including material from press clippings at the time. The previous text was false and misleading, particularly in it's characterisation of the mental health of the mother of one of the complainant children, who later committed suicide. The reliance of the previous text on the ritualistic elements of the children's disclosures was also questionable, since those disclosures did not result in charges against the defendants and were therefore not facts in issue during the case.
* Please feel free to review the changes and make others where necessary. It would be good to see Wikipedia providing some factual and objective commentary on this case. The previous reference to the published work of child pornographers was beyond the pale. Biaothanatoi 12:51, 19 September 2007 (UTC)
* Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), if you want to make changes to a section, please
* discuss your reasons on this page. You removed factual information from a peer-reviewed journal article written by a
* consultant psychologist on the McMartin case, and replaced it with second-hand and selective information taken from an
* obituary written fifteen years after the events took place. Obituaries aren't exactly objective sources of information.
* The psychologist who wrote that particular article met with and assessed the mental health of Judy Johnson in 1984 and wrote the following:
* "If post hoc ergo propter hoc arguments are to be honored, and if an author is to be equally empathic with all the
* players, one might consider that McMartin whistle blower Judy Johnson's psychotic break and alcoholic toxicity were
* precipitated by, rather than precipitants of, her desperate concern that she and her not-quite three-yr-old son were victims
* of unfathomable treachery. Having met Ms. Johnson in February, 1984, I am convinced of the first option. Judy Johnson was
* quite sane and emotionally contained even as she described the improbable complaints of her child."
* Johnson did eventually suffer a psychotic break, which, in the opinion of Prof. Roland Summit, was caused by the stress of
* the case. Your changes infer that Johnson was mentally ill prior to the events of the McMartin case, and infer that her
* complaint to the police was motivated by her mental illness. In fact, as the information which you deleted states, a number
* of McMartin children were already in treatment for suspected sexual abuse. Your changes have no basis in fact and I have
* altered them accordingly.
* It is also worth noting that, during the case, several hundred former McMartin students contacted the prosecution stating that they had been sexually abused at the school, a fact openly acknowledged by the "Friends of McMartin" support group that formed around the defendants at the time. Biaothanatoi 15:58, 19 September 2007 (UTC)
* I see it's been removed from the article, but it is worth noting that Johnson had a "psychotic break" before all of
* this occured. Whether she was "cured" is a separate question. And all of the parents of "McMartin students (who)
* contacted the prosecution" had been contacted by the police. I don't have sources with me, but I was living in the Los
* Angeles area at the time, and the information was in the newspapers, if anyone cared to read it. — [[User:Arthur
* Rubin|Arthur Rubin]] | (talk) 21:45, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
Diana Napolis responds on May 28, 2008
* This arose from my review mentioned above. User:Biaothanatoi has [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
* title=Satanic_ritual_abuse&diff=159924353&oldid=159915598 added a summary] of an SRA case in Orlando, Florida. He referenced
* three newspaper articles in the Orlando Sentinel Tribune. His citation was, to the letter, identical to the citation in
* a "Satanism and Ritual Abuse Archive" which has been
* floating around less reputable websites.
My background is as a child abuse investigator, researcher, licensed therapist, and independant contractor for Family Court in San Diego County. After a cover-up of ritual abuse occurred in my local community, I created an archive of satanic cases to serve as objective proof that this type of crime existed. In 1998 I posted the results of my research in an archive titled Satanism and Ritual Abuse Archive. In the year 1999-2000 I was stalked in my local community by a satanist who was trying to identify me for the cult group she worked for. After I was identified I was targeted with nonlethal technology called “Voice to Skull Devices” http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/dod/vts.html and "Voice Synthesis Devices" http://call.army.mil/thesaurus/toc.asp?id=32228§ion=v. A recent wired.com news article describes how these weapons can be used to simulate mental illness and can be found at http://blog.wired.com/defense/2008/02/report-nonletha.html.
On March 25, 2008 I filed a Federal lawsuit against Michael Aquino, Michelle Devereaux, Dr. Elizabeth Loftus, Carol Hopkins, Mark Sauer, David Copley, and San Diego State University for Defamation, Infliction of emotional distress, conspiracy, violation of my first amendment right to free speech, invasion of privacy, and lastly, in the body of my lawsuit I have alleged that I was intentionally targeted with nonlethals in retaliation for my research. On May 1, 2008 I amended my complaint. A link to this lawsuit can be found at my web site.
I have recently returned to my work and research. I have updated my Satanism and Ritual Abuse archive and it can be found at http://members.cox.net/dnap/srarchive.pdf. Approximately 99% of these cases in this archive can be objectively confirmed and it contains very valuable information.
I am also in the process of reviewing several major reports in the United States which purported to debunk the notion that satanic ritual abuse occurs. I have critiqued the research study "Characteristics and Sources of Allegations of Ritualistic Child Abuse," which contained so many irregularities that I requested an academic review at the University of California school system.
I discovered that there had been an article published on Wikipedia about satanic ritual abuse which tried to make it appear that I had been "mentally ill" while on the internet. That was the agenda of my opponents, strangely enough, to try to deflect from the damning information I had revealed. Although this bogus allegation was removed from Wikipedia, I found a copy of this article on seven different web sites. I am putting others on notice. Any allegations made about me should have the evidence to support it, otherwise, I will be taking multiple parties to court. Other details about my case can be found at my website http://diananapolis.wordpress.com
Diana Napolis, May 28, 2008
_________________end I doubt that Biaothanatoi actually read these newspaper articles; I suspect he simply rewrote the summary and passed it off as proper research. The "archive" was originally compiled by "Diana Napolis aka Karen Jones © 2000". Diana Napolis is currently on probation for stalking and threatening Jennifer Love Hewitt, who she believed was the lynchpin of a satanic-ritual conspiracy involving "psychotronic weapons".
Biaothanatoi then substantially expanded the case of the West Memphis 3; his information purported to prove that the case was not false, but rather involved Satanic Ritual killers escaping the net with media co-operation. His citation was again letter-for-letter identical to Ms. Napolis's.
Strangely, Biaothanatoi earlier commented on this individual, opining that the reference to her mental illness should be removed since she is not a significant figure in ritual abuse literature or research. Apparantly, her conclusions are still perfectly OK. < el eland / talk edits > 15:01, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
To the best of my knowledge, the actual factual accuracy of Diana Napolis' website has never been questioned or debated. The fact that the above writer doubts that "Biaothanatoi actually read these newspaper articles," is simply an unproven assumption. Abuse truth 02:34, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
* Eleland, if you can prove that any of the information provided in this article relating to any of these cases is false, then please do so. As I made clear when I made the initial changes, the information on all these cases is drawn from Lexis Nexis and newspaper articles, which are accessible via Factiva or any other newspaper archive. You are free to engage in your own fact checking.
* However, if all the information is verifiable via Lexis Nexis and the newspaper articles cited, then you do not have grounds to quesiton that information. I am not taking Napolis' word for anything. Everything she has collated is supported by independant and reliable sources.
* I would also point out to you that you have previously defended the reputations of a professed pro-paedophile advocate and two people who were found to be child pornographers in a court of law. It is odd to me that you considered their opinions on child sexual assault to be valuable additions to the article, despite their public pro-incest stance, whilst Napolis' verifiable research is somehow unreliable because of her history of mental illness.
* If you want to challenge info in this article, then please find a firm basis from which to do so (beyond ad hominem) - and perhaps you could make it consistent with your standards for other authors, which is apparently very low. At the moment, it seems that you are applying a very strange double standard indeed. --Biaothanatoi 03:21, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
* Who are the child pornographers? I am assuming the alleged pro-ped person is Eberle. But he isn't used as a source here. --Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ) 03:30, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
* The Eberles have been referenced here for years, and their credibility has been repeatedly defended by yourself and Eleland, despite two sources with statements from both the LAPD and a trial judge that they are child pornographers. --Biaothanatoi 01:52, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
it is unacceptable to copy summaries of court cases from pages like hiddenmysteries.org. It appears obvious that Biaothanatoi is attempting to inflate credibility of SRA cases, and isn't picky about her methods. I find the discussion of individual cases questionable in any case, and such as we so discuss need to be directly referenced to the court verdict mentioning "rituals" or "satanism", to make sure we do not fall victim to stale media hype. dab (𒁳) 16:29, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
* ok, regardless of the murky origins of these case studies, this is an encyclopedia article, not a newspaper archive. We need to present the pattern of such "satanic" cases in the early 1990s, not report the headlines of each one. The notable ones, like West Memphis 3, can get their own articles, the rest can just be listed. dab (𒁳) 16:45, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
* For years, this article has contained lists of "SRA cases" with reams of factually incorrect information and quotes from dubious sources - some with a history of child sexual offences, like the Eberles. The relevance of those individual cases, and the credibility of those sources, was not questioned for as long as they were skewed to the POV that the allegations had no basis in fact.
* Now the relevance of including any individual cases is questioned - and the credibility of newspaper articles and Lexis Nexis - because other cases have been listed in which ritualistic and organised child sexual offences were substantiated.
* I challenge editors here to demonstrate where the information that has been provided on these cases is incorrect. Check the sources cited and get back to this page. If the information is incorrect, then please correct it. If it is not, leave it alone.
* As it stands, the information is factual and verifiable, and you have no basis for removing it - aside from a very clear preference amongst some editors to withhold information from the reader regarding substantiated cases of organised and ritualistic abuse. --Biaothanatoi 01:52, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* Biothanatoi, your constant drumbeat of accusations related to Underwager and the Eberles is uncouth and uncalled-for. You're trying to discount all of our arguments based on tenuous and obscure connections that have nothing to do with anything. Even if the accusations against those sources were as damning as you make them out to be (and they're not, by a long shot), it doesn't have anything to do with the discussion. It's pure Chewbacca defense.
* You're also digging yourself a hole, here. I thought you just copied the citations; now I actually noticed that you stole whole chunks of text in violation of copyright (and common sense). The Orlando piece is just a slight rewrite of Napolis. "The parents of three of the victims moved residences and the prosecutor expressed concern because the children had been threatened by the cult not to testify" becomes "The parents of the complainant children later moved residences and the prosecutor at trial expressed concern because the children had been threatened by the Satanic cult not to testify," etc. Your "Fran's Day Care" case is almost entirely the Napolis piece (with more lurid or unbelievable details removed). Your "Arizona" is also a rewrite; for example, your sentences "Five other relatives..." is just Napolis' with an extra clause tacked on the end.
* Better watch yourself. I'm removing all your copyviol sections, then I'll go and report this in the appropriate place. I'd advise you to be contrite and acknowledge your error, otherwise you might get banned from here. < el eland / talk edits > 18:28, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
* When assessing sources on a discussion on child sexual abuse, it is relevant to consider whether that source has a history of child sexual offences (like the Eberles) or is a pro-paedophile advocate (like Underwager). Underwager has been person non gratis in the field of child abuse since his public fabrications and outright lies were exposed by Dr Anna Salter in 1991, and he sued for libel, only to lose, with the court upholding Salter's criticisms of Underwager that he had fabricated his research findings.
* You have yet to demonstrate that any of the information provided in this new section is incorrect, but I am touched by your concern about Napolis' copyright. You are welcome to bring up those concerns here, but instead you have presumed bad faith and run off to Wiki admin. I am unsure how to proceed in improving this article since you have proven yourself to be profoundly hostile to me, and to anyone who disagrees with you on this matter. --Biaothanatoi 01:52, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, this is the kicker. When assesing sources. Not when discussing the selection of quotations from other sources, for example. And can you provide sources for your assertion that "the court upheld Salter's criticisms of Underwager"? My impression was that the judgement was on the basis that Underwager could not demonstrate the Salter's "knowledge that the statement was false, or doubts about its truth coupled with reckless disregard of whether it was false".
* Moving along, respecting copyright is a policy on Wikipedia. You may not like it, and you can make all the insinuations about my motives that you want, but it's still policy. And even Napolis' work was not copyrighted, it is grossly inappropriate to present the ramblings of a paranoid-delusional ex-convict as proper research, especially when citing newspaper articles rather than the actual source. < el eland / talk edits > 04:13, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* Eleland, I suggest you do some research of your own for once. I've sourced all my statements on Underwager and others in the past only to find thouse sources disputed by you on the most spurious grounds. You like Google - surely you can find more information on Anna Salter there, given her standing as a researcher on child abuse.
* Napolis' research was not copyrighted and, in fact, was meticulously sourced and verifiable. You haven't bothered to check those sources, and you have yet to demonstrate that a single statement was factually incorrect. Given your hostility to me since you entered this discusison, it is not unreasonable for me to suggest that your sudden concern about Napolis' (non-existence) copyright was motivated by something other then etiquette. In short, it seems to me that you expunged verifiable and factual information simply because it did not accord with your POV.
* If you felt that a breach of Wikipedia policy had occurred, then all you had to do was bring it up here and we could resolve it as adults. Instead, you presumed bad faith and deleted the entire section, and then ran off to try and get me banned. You've previously gone to other boards and claimed that I am a fringe activist and a conspiracy theorist, when I am neither. You acccuse me of 'original synthesis' without every checking my citations, you dismiss books that you admit you've never read, and insult researchers that you admit you know nothing about.
* If anybody is acting in bad faith, it's you. You seem to want to take a discussion and turn it into a conflict. Let's both just chill out, drop the point-scoring, and actually try to improve the article? --Biaothanatoi 04:56, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* All original work is copyrighted unless the copyright is explicitly disclaimed; furthermore, many of the sites which mirror the Napolis stuff specifically attribute the copyright to her. See etc. How do you know it isn't copyrighted? < el eland / talk edits > 05:48, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* Great, Eleland. Thankyou for making this point clear. Perhaps it would have been more constructive for you to have made this point earlier and sought some kind of resolution that we could both agree on. Instead, you've run off to other boards and falsely claimed that I called you a 'pedo'. What a joke. --Biaothanatoi 05:57, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* If you're writing a Master's thesis, I would assume you have a basic grasp of copyright as it pertains to research, and that you are capable of reading your own sources and noticing the copyright tags. As for the "pedo" post you mention from WP:FTN, the full quote was, "According to Biaothanatoi, this makes anyone remotely associated with [Ralph Underwager], anyone who uses the same terminology as him, or anyone who takes their coffee the same way as him a pedo. Including you and me." I note with disappointment that you read and quote Wikipedians as tendentiously as you do source material. < el eland / talk edits > 06:10, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* Precisely, Eleland. Another example in which you claim that I hold beliefs that I do not. You are clearly incapable of engaging in this discussion in good faith - instead you have systematically attempted to prove I am the 'type' of person that you believe me to be. You won't engage with the actual material that I have cited, because you can't be bothered to read the sources. Instead, you base your objections on ad hominem attacks on me, or you create specious tests in order to dismiss sources of information that contradicts your POV.
* You have yet to prove that the information that I have added is incorrect, whilst there were numerous factual inaccuracies in your own writings on this subject matter. --Biaothanatoi 06:33, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
It appears that two standards are being applied to data. There is no evidence showing that any of Biaothanatoi's are factually inaccurate. I believe all of their edits should stay. It is unfortunate that Eleland above needs to resort to threats to promote his own point of view. If this page is going to have any sort of balance, then both sides of the argument need to be treated with the same standards for data and without threats. Abuse truth 01:42, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
the burden lies on Biaothanatoi to show that his material is correct. We do not include material in Wikipedia "until proven incorrect", this would lead to madness. It has been shown that Biaothanatoi has lifted his material off a cranky website, which is (a) copyright violation, and (b) casts severe doubt on both the credibility of the material and the credibility of Biaothanatoi himself. Who are these Eberles and how are they at all relevant? How can a finding that there is no satanic conspiracy be construed to endorse pedophilia?? At all? Unlike this satanist nonsense, pedophilia is a sad reality, and has its own article, at pedophilia. dab (𒁳) 09:16, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* I see, Eberle's book discusses the McMartin preschool trial. Now seeing that we have a full article on Day care sex abuse hysteria, I fail to see why these case studies need to be repeated here. I also fail to see how pointing out that no sexual abuse has taken place in a given case is in any way apologetic of actual sexual abuse? Nobody endorses sexual abuse. There was a moral panic surrounding "satanic ritual abuse" in the 1980s to 1990s USA. What is unclear about this state of affairs? dab (𒁳) 09:31, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
Biaothanatoi has proven that his data is accurate. His data is being held up to a much higher standard than that of the data on the side of those that don't believe SRA exists. The connection between pedophilia and SRA is that publishers of pedophilia have also published "data" on SRA. see Paul and Shirley Eberle: A Strange Pair of Experts by Maria Laurina Reprinted in the ICONoclast, WINTER 1988 / VOL. 1, NO. 2 with permission from Ms. Magazine (December 1988)
also see "Why Cults Terrorize and Kill Children" LLOYD DEMAUSE The Journal of Psychohistory 21 (4) 1994 - a peer reviewed journal at "In addition, some of authors of false memory books also turned out to be pedophile advocates. For example, one of the most widely cited books claiming that cult abuse reports were mass hysteria is Paul and Shirley Eberle's The Abuse of Innocence: The McMartin Preschool trial.(6) Taken quite seriously by reviewers and widely quoted In later maga-zine articles as authoritative, the book makes such claims as that the over 100 McMartin children who reported they had been abused by a cult were all "brainwashed" and the mothers were all "hysterical" and that it was meaningless that physicians found three-quarters of the children bore physical evidence that corroborated their stories. What reviewers didn't mention was that the Eberles had been called "the most prolific publishers of child pornography in the United States" by Sgt. Toby Tyler, a San Bernadino deputy sheriff who is a nationally recognized expert on child pornography.(7) Their kiddie porn material that I have seen and the articles they have published such as "I Was a Sexpot at Five" and "Little Lolitas" Included illustrations of children involved in sodomy and oral copulation and featured pornographic photos of the Eberles. Abuse truth 00:54, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
* Excuse the offtopic comment, but the phrase "a peer reviewed journal at http://www.geocities.com..." is one of the funniest things I've heard in a while. Anyway, DeMause's playground is not a peer reviewed journal, and it's amusing that you claim it is, given the fulminations from others every time an "Issues in Child Abuse Accusations" (Underwager's playground) article is mentioned here. DeMause, who has few relevant qualifications, invented a field called "psychohistory" which is unrecognized and practiced only by him and his associated disciples. He believes that all of human history can be explained in terms of child sexual abuse, and that at least 60% of girls and 45% of boys are sexually abused, many before the age of 5. He is, to be blunt, a kook, and should not be cited as anything but a minority view. < el eland / talk edits > 17:18, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
* DeMause's Journal of Psychohistory was peer-reviewed, Eleland. The fact that he has permitted some material to be hosted for free online doesn't change that. And psychohistory isn't a 'field', it's simply a form of historical analysis which emphasises psychological or psychodynamic principles. Psychohistorical analysis and research has been supported by some of the most eminent scholars of the 20th century, such as Robert Jay Lifton. DeMause is also credited with compiling one of the most comprehensive historical accounts of child abuse to hand.
* Yet again, you launch spurious attacks on sources who provide information that conflicts with your POV. --Biaothanatoi 01:27, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
Prevalence: none?
This article is obviously torn by edit wars. What strikes me by scanning it is it is clear that the notability of "SRA" is that of a "hysterical epidemic", and not the isolated case of some batshit crazy grandparents in the "South". --dab (𒁳) 11:02, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
* (a) "Satanic Ritual Abuse is often used interchangeably with sadistic ritual abuse" -- really? By whom? This is rather significant for further discussion of "prevalence": the existence of "sadistic abuse" is hardly disputed. This article needs to make up its mind whether it is about alleged satanic abuse, or just about sexual abuse in general.
* (b) prevalence: the existence is doubted in some quarters (spinning). "what quarters" one immediately asks oneself. The paragraph then descends into a blurred discussion of allegations and opinions, and only in conclusion casually mentions that there isn't a single substantiated case. I mean, hello? It is clear that there are people who have fantasies about ritualistic abuse, but the fact that such stories are never substantiated as factual makes the whole topic appear in a rather different light, doesn't it? Wouldn't this deserve to be mentioned up front, in the intro? The article is still relevant as discussing a psychological condition and/or a conspiracy theory, but it needs to put its cards on the table.
* There are numerous credible books and peer reviewed articles proving the existence of SRA. There are also many court cases with convictions for SRA. For the article to be accurate, these need to be presented. Abuse truth 01:46, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* People are in jail for a crime - the organised abuse of children with ritualistic and satanic features - that editors on this page want to claim does not exist. I've provided information on confessions of perpetrators, convictions, and substantiations of the more lurid allegations such as animal sacrifice. There are many more cases that I can list, and I'm more then happy to do so.
* There is a false consensus among some editors on this page that no allegations of organised and ritualistic abuse have ever been found to have a basis in fact. This is incorrect and it has been repeatedly demonstrated to be so.
* However, any editor acting in good faith who tries to provide some objective balance to this article is confronted by other editors who then subject the change to a set of specious tests as to the veracity of sources, or the entire section is simply deleted. Those same editors have been quite satisfied with the article in the past, despite it's outright factual inaccuracies, citations to anonymous sources such as "Wiccan investigators", and citations to people like the Eberles with a history of child sexual offences.
* This is an extremely controversial topic and it would be best if cool heads prevailed. Instead, it seems that we are confronting editors who insist on attributing the most pejorative possible motivations to other editors who disagree with them.
* I repeat: None of my changes have been demonstrated to be factually incorrect. I have not lied or provided false information. Instead, the information I have provided is consistently dismissed on the most ridiculous grounds e.g. the author can't be trusted because they have no Wikipedia entry, the article isn't verifiable because it was published in a peer-reviewed journal that can't be accessed online, the source is unverifiable because it was a report published outside North America, and so on. These tests were not applied to the Eberles, the anonymous "Wiccan investigators", or the many dubious sources that dominated this article for years.
* I questioned the timeline put forth in an Australian seminar, that could not be examined. It was questionable because it created an alternate timeline that contradicted the one used by the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times. The claim was made, by yes, someone without an article in Wikipedia. Extraordinary claims need to be made by reliable people who are recognized in their field, and even then they aren't given undue weight in articles. The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times both have articles. --Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ) 04:43, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* I didn't present a 'timeline', I simply added information from a report published by an Australian state government. You have no basis to object to this source - it is a reliable source by any definition of the word - and nor did it contradict the timeline that you have accessed from the print media. It simply added new information to that timeline that was both verifiable and factual, and provided by a reliable person (Prof. Roland Summitt) who is one of the most recognised people in his field.
* I repeat: Your objections are specious and your repeated removal of the information is not justified by Wikipedia policy. You are acting to withhold relevant, factual and verifiable information from the reader because it does not accord with your personal POV. --Biaothanatoi 05:05, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* Some editors here are not acting in good faith, and they are attempting to bully, intimidate, and harrass those who are. --Biaothanatoi 02:03, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* Why do you keep bringing up the Eberles? They're not cited in the article except when your WP:BLP violations are re-inserted. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 02:18, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* Because the Eberles (referenced here for years) clearly demonstrate the double standard that is being applied by Wikipedia editors to the SRA page e.g. very low standards for sources who believe that SRA has no basis in fact vs arbitrarily high standards for those sources who believe otherwise.
* This discussion is quite long, and it's often been quite circular, so if you are curious as to why the Eberles are relevant to this discussion, then I suggest you read the debate from the beginning. --Biaothanatoi 02:30, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
Biaothanatoi, you are trying to push an agenda. There are a couple of convictions of occultists involved in sexual abuse. Nobody is trying to censor that fact. The significance of these cases (how many are there, a half dozen?) pales in comparison to the attention received by the moral panic surrounding "satanic ritual abuse". This article discusses the moral panic in the 1980s-1990s USA (and its spilling over to the UK and other countries, such as it was). We can also mention that a number of occultists did in fact perpetrate sexual abuse, which obviously served to add to the hysteria. If the Eberles are unreliable as a source, we'll just not cite them then. I don't know why you keep harping on them long after mention of them has been removed from the article. If you want to discuss Paul Eberle (within WP:BLP), you are welcome to do that at Paul Eberle. Btw, I fail to see how the credibility of a book is compromised by the fact that its authors published hardcore pornography 20 years earlier. I agree that it casts a shadow of doubt on the Eberle's credibility, but I am in no position of judging the reliability of their account of the McMartin case. We'll have to rely on independent reviews for that question. This is a question best addressed at Talk:McMartin_preschool_trial, not here. dab (𒁳) 09:38, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* There are dozens and dozens of cases of ritualistic and organised child sexual abuse, and I'm more then happy to provide the details here. Sit tight. --Biaothanatoi 23:33, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* it turns out that the allegations against the Eberles are just a smear campaign without merit. dab (𒁳) 10:49, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
* For pete's sake. You've provided us with an article written by one of the Eberles assistants, published by the Institute of Psychological Therapies, which set up and run by Dr Ralph Underwager, who (like the Eberles) believed that incest is not harmful. Not exactly the most objective source of commentary, but it seems that standards here are pretty low as long as the source supports the POV of a few editors here. I think I'll listen to the LAPD vice squad and the trial judge, who found that the Eberles were child pornographers on the basis of a copy of one of their kidde porn magazines.
* Round and round in circles we go. --Biaothanatoi 23:03, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
In addition to the data on the Eberle's in the previous section, see: The Eberle’s, proponents of the theory that the children at the McMartin School were not ritually abused, were publishers of sexually explicit periodicals, including “Finger,” a Los Angeles tabloid containing pornographic photographs, drawings and stories about children. "Cult and Ritual Abuse - It’s History, Anthropology, and Recent Discovery in Contemporary America" - Noblitt and Perskin (Prager, 2000) also a chapter called “Empirical Evidence of Ritual Abuse” contains a variety of research studies and data showing that ritual abuse exists.
Also at Entire families have been implicated in the ritual abuse of children which proves the fact that generational Satanism exists. See Parker (1995) Figured/Hill (1994) and Gallup (1991) Perpetrators have been found to be professionals who work in law enforcement, the military or daycare, and Christian fronts have been used in some instances as a means of hiding the satanic motivation of the perpetrators. See Cannaday (1994) Wright (1992) Gallup (1991) and Orr (1984). In several cases the perpetrators have confessed to the satanic element of the crime or participation in prior satanic offenses. - See Helms (2006) Cala (2003) Smith (2003) Delaney (2002) Morris (2001) South (2000) Page (2000) T. Kokoraleis (1999) Bonacci (1999) Brooks (1996) Hughes (1996) Penick (1995) Alvarado (1995) Ingram (1992) Rogers (1992) and Fryman (1988) The FMSF and those affiliated with this organization have been using the Appellate courts to overturn cases convictions involving ritual abuse themes.Abuse truth 01:06, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
I suppose it is the hallmark of the conspiracy theorist that when his claims are debunked, he will only conclude the conspiracy goes deeper than he thought... "generational Satanism", now I've really heard it all. The Eberles are apparently spaced out hippie lefties. You are certainly excused if that worldview isn't your cup of tea, but going around smearing them as child abuse apologists is libel, pure and simple. --dab (𒁳) 07:32, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
* There is no conspiracy theory, only data (see the above) and the reality that ritual abuse exists. The Eberle's were pornographers, not "spaced out hippie lefties."Abuse truth 23:45, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
* they were pornographers and hippies (where is the contradiction?), in the 1970s. In the 1990s, they wrote a non-fiction book on the McMartin case. Neither "hippie" nor "pornographer" equates to "child abuse apologist".
* In most forums, this would go without saying, but apparently on Wikipeida it is necessary to point out that a person who manufactures and distributes child pornography ... probably thinks that having sex with children is OK. Obvious to most, but apparently not here.
* And since we ALSO know that the Eberles make a distinction between "sadistic paedophilia" (that means bad) and "benign paedophilia" (that means good) then we can ALSO surmise that the Eberles think that some forms of sex with children is "benign" (read: good). I'm taking you through step by step here.
* And that means ... that, yes, they are child abuse apologists ... and that, yes, this article has been based in part or in whole on their writings for years ... and that, yes, some editors here have read the Eberles (after all, they were cited and the article mirrors their position) and apparently agree with them ... and that, yes, the Eberles continue to be defended by editors here (like yourself) although their history of child sexual offences has been amply substantiated.
* Which goes on to raise serious questions about the role that Wikipedia has to play in debates on child abuse, since a complex and sensitive issue like SRA has been so skewed, for so long, by such perturbing sources and biased editors. --Biaothanatoi 02:18, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
* re "only data". Nobody denies occultism exists. Nobody denies sexual abuse exists. You would expect co-incidence of both phenomena as a matter of statistics. The notable thing about this is the hysteria it caused. Let us reasonably assume 0.05% of US Americans are into some sort of occultism (this is a very conservative estimate, see Religion in the United States). About 90,000 child abuse cases are reported each year (as of 2000; back in 1992, the number peaked at 150,000. unsurprisingly, numbers fell as hysteria subsided). From this, you would expect about 50 cases of child abuse perpetrated by occultists reported each year (or 75 as of 1992), even if there is no connection whatsoever between occultism and abuse (or accusation thereof). If less than 40 cases per year are reported, this would actually indicate a negative correlation between occultism and child abuse). 88% of US Americans are Christians. From this, we would expect 80,000 cases of child abuse by Christians. Unless significantly more than 88% of Christian child abusers are reported, there is statistically no justification to speak of a phenomenon of "Christian child abuse". dab (𒁳) 10:08, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
* Many editors here miss the point that pro-incest advocates like the Eberles and Underwager defined SRA as a "conspiracy theory" about cabals of paedophile Satanists in the first place. They used this definition to contest the gains of the child protection movement and to try and cast professionals working with abused kids as crazy, overly zealous, unprofessional, etc. The majority of professionals and researchers in the field of abuse and trauma never subscribed to this definition, and this is evident in the literature from the late 1980s onwards.
* The problem with this page is that many editors here are unreflective about the impact of Underwager and other pro-incest advocates in crafting the debate on SRA from the late 1980s. Eleland, Dab and others think that their position on SRA represents a kind of universal 'recieved wisdom' and, therefor, the only people who would disagree with them must be from the 'fringe' etc. Actually, what I read here is often a carbon-copy of the arguments advanced by Underwager and the like since the mid-1980s - an narrow and extremist definition of SRA which is blamed on 'fundamentalists', 'feminists' and 'moral panic'.
* Research demonstrates that women and children are still presenting in small but significant numbers to healthcare providers with psychological and physical injuries inflicted on them by organised groups of perpetrators, and I've quoted some of that research here. There is more. Some of these women and children also dislcose severe ritual violence, sometimes with Satanic features. What this means is unclear, but certainly some of these claims have been substantiated upon investigation. It'd be nice if editors here could bring themselves to permit this information to be bought to the reader. --Biaothanatoi 01:20, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
One could also infer from the data that perhaps the numbers of reported cases fell from 1992 to 2000 due to the backlash, which discouraged people from reporting episodes of child abuse, due to the fact they were afraid they may not be believed.Abuse truth 22:51, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
* one could infer many things, it is true, but my main point was about correlation of occultism and sexual abuse. No evidence has been shown that convictions of occultists for sexual abuse has a higher incidence than expected from their demographics. If there is such a statistic (i.e., "over 0.1% of cases of sexual abuse convictions concern occultists", this would provide significant support of your opinion and you should cite it). Just citing individual cases shows nothing: for every satanist convicted, you can easily point to hundreds of "Christian" offenders. --dab (𒁳) 12:31, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
* The fact that abuse has ritualistic or occult features does not mean that the perpetrators are card-carrying members of the Church of Satan. If you take a look at the Marc Dutroux scandal in Belgium, the adult survivors of the child sex ring stated that, when 'new' children were bought into the ring, they were subjected to a fake 'marriage' to 'Satan' in order to make the child submissive and obedient whilst being used in porn and prostitution. SRA may just be a technique used by organied groups of perpetrators to control children. Certainly, trafficked children from Ghana and Nigeria are reporting ritual abuse in their home countries and in Europe whilst they are being moved from brothel to brothel - the International Organisation of Migration noted this in 2001, as has ECPAT, the United Nations and a number of other international organisations.
* As I said above, it's worth considering this debate as a whole rather then insisting on a narrow 'moral panic' interpretation. There is a lot of relevant and interesting information that could be added to this article to the benefit of the reader, if only editors holding the 'moral panic' POV could believe that those who disagree with them are acting in good faith. --Biaothanatoi 01:20, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
* The article currently reads as if it is suffering from Multiple Personality Disorder. Llajwa 03:26, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
unsourced changes to United States
I will be reverting this section back to its previous version.
the changes below were made without being sourced:
* Further information: Day care sex abuse hysteria Cases of child molestation involving allegations of satanic rituals in the United States cluster in the early mid 1990s, growing out of 1980s cases of day care sex abuse hysteria without explicit connections to satanism.
* Early cases were the Kern County child abuse cases of 1982-1984 (with the convictions overturned in 1996), and the McMartin preschool nursery case, initiated in 1983, with the trial lasting from 1987 to 1990 (when charges were dropped).Abuse truth 00:03, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
* since you seem to be in agreement with "cluster in the 1980s and early 1990s", what part of "Early cases were the Kern County child abuse cases of 1982-1984 (with the convictions overturned in 1996), and the McMartin preschool nursery case, initiated in 1983, with the trial lasting from 1987 to 1990 (when charges were dropped)" is controversial? The links are, after all, to fully developed articles. --dab (𒁳) 17:14, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
There was no source provided or footnote to the information. In addition, the link to "Day care sex abuse hysteria" is already provided further down in the article under "see also."Abuse truth 01:24, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
* Speaking of changes to this section, it is interesting that the information on the Minnesota case has been quietly deleted. The case overview was amply footnoted and I can't see a basis for it's deletion whatsoever. I'll replace it later today. --Biaothanatoi 01:38, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
* The statements about the Kern County case are false - one of those convicted served a full sentence and was only released a few years ago. Sheesh. If skeptical editors want to contribute to the article, can you please try to avoid outright fabrications or misleading generalisations? --Biaothanatoi 05:07, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
......Y'all missed one of the more amusing US Cases, documented here http://members.aol.com/IngramOrg/ But really I think most of this talk is absurd~JS —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:21, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yeah, "hysterical". Ingram's wife, daughters and son all accused him of sexual assault, Ingram confessed and went to jail, and his son showed up at his parole application in 1997 to reinforce that his father was a very dangerous man. But if Richard Ofshe says that he's innocent (even if Ofshe's argument was thrown of court) then it must be true! --Biaothanatoi 01:25, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
POV pushing in the Netherlands section
This section is a POV fork from the main article. From the outset, the author refers to MPD as a political movement rather then a recognized psychological disorder, and they claim that the (very few) allegations of SRA in the Netherlands were the product of a few workshops whose ideas “found their way” to the “conservative religious community”. The author goes on to infer that the Oude Pekala case can be attributed to the conservative religious media.
This argument is highly speculative and at times contrary to known facts. Meanwhile, the general thrust of the author's skeptical account of SRA is covered extensively elsewhere in the article, and does not bear repeating here.
The Oude Pekala incident has been exhaustively documented by the treating clinicians, Drs Jonker and Jonker-Bakker. They provided an overview of the case in the journal Child Abuse and Neglect in 1991, and they presented the results of a cohort study of the children who disclosed abuse in the same journal in 1997. I will be adding a summary of their work to this article, and deleting the POV editorializing. As it stands, the author is clearly pushing a specific POV that allegations of SRA in the Netherlands are unfounded. The facts of the case suggests that, at the very least, serious harm came to some children at Oude Pekala, and the article should reflect that.
It looks as though the author speaks Dutch and subsequently has access to newspaper articles that us monolinguists can't read. I've tried to keep as much info as I can from these sources. --Biaothanatoi 06:01, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
Neutral stance toward satanic ritual abuse in the Netherlands
Several days ago I wrote a new chapter in the already existing article about satanic ritual abuse. It contains the discussion about satanic ritual abuse in the Netherlands. Today I found out that my chapter (which I have kept as neutral as possible, because I am very well aware that this discussion is very polarized) was almost entirely removed by someone who is not Dutch, who does not speak Dutch and who probably is not familiar at all with the discussion about satanic ritual abuse in the Netherlands. Since I follow the discussion about satanic ritual abuse in the Netherlands since 1994, I am very well informed about the ins and outs of this discussion. Furthermore, I am always prepared to answer your questions about the situation in the Netherlands. Criminologist1963 16:35, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
* I don't get the impression that you read my concerns on your section, posted directly above. No, I don't speak Dutch, and, yes, I am familiar with the situation in the Netherlands from the English-language writings and research of Jonker and Jonker-Bakker, as my changes make clear.
* Your account was far from neutral. You referred to MPD as a political movement and posed a speculative 'epidemiological' framework for the notion of SRA - from your account, the reader is led to believe that the Netherlands was 'infected' with the idea of SRA by some American clinicians and that this idea spread like a disease to some 'religious communities' etc. That may be your POV, but it's an inherently pejorative position which treats Sachs et. al. as the diseased transmitters of a poisonous idea.
* It is also demonstratably false in that it attributes the Oude Pekala incident to a 'moral panic' within the religious media, when the clinical experience and research of Jonker and Jonker-Bakker indicate that some of the children at Oude Pekala had physical and psychological signs of sexual assault, and that the incident was sparked by the disclosures of the children involved (and physical evidence of rape). Your account of Oude Pekala made no mention of this whatsoever, and so it seems to me that you are less familiar with the facts of the case then you might believe. --Biaothanatoi 00:46, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
* I am reverting your changes. Your speculation as to why there was concern over SRA in the Netherlands, how the idea came to the Netherlands, and how this differed from the situation in the States, is exactly that - speculation. If you have factual changes to make to this article, then feel free to do so. At the moment, you are pushing an agenda which ignores the evidence of sexual assault amongst the children at Oude Pekala and instead attributes their disclosures to 'moral panic' etc.
* The 'moral panic' position has already been summarised more generally elsewhere in the article, and it does not require restatement for every country in which the argument has been advanced. --Biaothanatoi 00:52, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
I would like to point about that Suzette Boon, Nel Draijer and Onno van der Hart, who are the leaders of the Dutch mpd movement, describe in their articles how they were informed for the first time about satanic ritual abuse by the leaders of the mpd movement in the United States. Boon, Suzette and Nel Draijer, Multiple Personality Disorder in the Netherlands: A Study on Reliability and Validity of the Diagnosis, Amsterdam/Lisse, Swets en Zeitlinger, 1993, p. 6; Boon, Suzette and Onno van der Hart, Dissociëren als overlevingsstrategie bij fysiek en seksueel geweld: Trauma en dissociatie 1, in: Maandblad Geestelijke volksgezondheid, Jrg. 43, Nr. 11, 1988, p. 1197-1207.
In the literature about Oude Pekela, critics have never said that there was a moral panic. Neither did I. They all said that Oude Pekela is a classic example of mass hysteria. Beetstra, Tjalling A., Massahysterie in de Verenigde Staten en Nederland: De affaire rond de McMartin Pre-School en het ontuchtschandaal in Oude Pekela, in: Peter Burger and Willem Koetsenruijter (Eds.), Mediahypes en moderne sagen: Sterke verhalen in het nieuws, Leiden, Stichting Neerlandistiek Leiden, 2004, p. 53-69; Crombag, Hans F.M. and Harald L.G.J. Merckelbach, Hervonden herinneringen en andere misverstanden, Amsterdam/Antwerpen, Contact, 1996, p. 182-186; Hicks, Robert D., In Pursuit of Satan: The Police and the Occult, Buffalo, NY, Prometheus Books, 1991, p. 341-348; Nathan, Debbie and Michael Snedeker, Satan's Silence: Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern American Witch Hunt, New York, NY, Basic Books, 1995, p. 115.
I am not pushing an agenda here. Therefore I have kept the chapter about the Netherlands as neutral and objective as possible.
Since the research of Fred Jonker and Ietje Jonker-Bakker is widely criticized both in the Netherlands and in the United States, their findings are far from objective and as I see you are a firm believer, I would like to ask you to not to make subjective alterations to the chapter about the Netherlands.
I am always prepared to answer your questions about the situation in the Netherlands. Criminologist1963 10:30, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
* You continue to call MPD a "movement" as though it is a political movement, and you continue to an inference between the fact that a few Dutch psychiatrists attended a workshop to the emergence of claims of SRA in the Netherlands. Both of these arguments are characteristic of the False Memory Syndrome movement and you have clearly been influenced by this literature.
* You are free to present skeptical literature here alongside the opposing view of Jonker and Jonker-Bakker. You are not free to claim that the skeptical literature's POV is true, and that of Jonker and Jonker-Bakker is not. This is against Wikipedia's policy of NPOV and balance.
* I am reverting your changes. Any additions your make to this section should be statements of fact, not an endorsement of one opinion over another. The readers can decide for themselves. --Biaothanatoi 05:02, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
Again I point out that Suzette Boon, Nel Draijer and Onno van der Hart, who are the leaders of the Dutch mpd movement, describe in their articles how they were informed for the first time about satanic ritual abuse by the leaders of the mpd movement in the United States. Boon, Suzette and Nel Draijer, Multiple Personality Disorder in the Netherlands: A Study on Reliability and Validity of the Diagnosis, Amsterdam/Lisse, Swets en Zeitlinger, 1993, p. 6; Boon, Suzette and Onno van der Hart, Dissociëren als overlevingsstrategie bij fysiek en seksueel geweld: Trauma en dissociatie 1, in: Maandblad Geestelijke volksgezondheid, Jrg. 43, Nr. 11, 1988, p. 1197-1207. Criminologist1963 10:01, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
* And you have drawn a causal link between the fact that some psychs attended a workshop and the fact that a young boys presented with anal bleeding to a doctor and disclosed organised abuse, alongside almost 100 others.
* You are not addressing any of my concerns here in good faith. You are just posting and re-posting a long, rambling, speculative piece about the situation in the Netherlands from your POV, and claiming some kind of authority because you speak Dutch.
* Information on the Oude Pekala incident has been published in English and in peer-reviewed journals, and that information contains clinical accounts and research findings of serious harms being committed against some children in Oude Pekala. You are consistently blocking that information from inclusion in the article, and you aren't stating why.
* I'm reverting your changes. --Biaothanatoi 05:25, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
* I don't yet have any view on the specifics of the situation but I would like to head off a full-scale revert war on this. Could Biaothanatoi and Criminologist each list the sources that they think could be used in this section, with a note on whether each is an academic journal, or other reason why they consider it reliable? Then, having established which sources will be used, it should be possible to summarise those sources and arrive at a comprehensive yet neutral section. I have no previous involvement in this page and came to it after Criminologist left a message on WikiProject Religion. Itsmejudith 07:12, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
As you know, the discussion about satanic ritual abuse is a very polarized one. In the chapter about the Netherlands, I have tried to show how the media, scientists and authorities have reacted to allegations of satanic ritual abuse. For this chapter I have used books and articles from mostly Dutch authors in Dutch literature and newspapers, as well as international publications of them. The reason that I have used these sources is obvious: since most people who look for information on the English Wikipedia don't speak Dutch, I found it a good idea to inform them about how the discussion in the Netherlands has developed. Therefore I have gone into the origin of the allegation in the Netherlands, what the media did with the allegations and how the authorities responded.
I have tried to present the facts in an objective and neutral way. Therefore I have used literature from both the mpd movement and believers and from critics and sceptics. The sources I have used are mentioned in the footnotes. If you like to have additional sources about satanic ritual abuse in the Netherlands or in the United States, I am always prepared to give them to you. Since the list of scientific literature, newspapers et cetera I have used during my research is more than 40 pages long, I would appreciate it if you could specify about what particular subject in the discussion of satanic ritual abuse you would like to have more information. Criminologist1963 15:15, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
* Thank you very much for this answer. However, what I meant exactly was to list the different sources that you have cited and whether each text is a peer-reviewed academic journal, a book for a specialist audience written by an academic in the field, a book for a wider audience, etc. From what I can see at the moment, most of the sources do seem to be of an academic nature, but that is only a first impression. They also seem to be rather out of date. Are there no books from the 21st century that mention allegations of satanic abuse? This topic must be covered, for instance, in textbooks used for training social workers, and I would think that they would give a good balanced overview that this article could draw on. Itsmejudith 21:20, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
You are right, I have mostly used academic books and articles from academic journals. The exceptions are the article from Loes de Fauwe in the Dutch newspaper Het Parool and the Aanh. Hand. II, 1992-1993, Nr. 770, which is a formal document of the Dutch parliament. It contains questions of members of parliament to the minister of Health and the answers of the minister. The questions were about an item on satanic ritual abuse by television newsmagazine Nova the day before. Tijdsein, published by the religious broadcasting company Evangelische Omroep, had already brought items on satanic ritual abuse in 1989, but it was in 1993 the first time that a secular newsmagazine covered it. The Nova broadcast lead for the first time to a discussion in religious ánd in secular media, by journalists, scientists and politicians. However this discussion lasted only three months. When the report of the Workgroup Ritual Abuse was published in April 1994 the discussion revived, but again it lasted for only a couple of months.
Apart from the mpd therapists, only few people in the Netherlands have seen satanic ritual abuse as a social problem. The majority of the scientists, the authorities and the secular part of the population (the Netherlands is a very secular country) see satanic ritual abuse as a psychological phenomenon that almost only worries the very small conservative religious part of the population.
Because the discussion about satanic ritual abuse in the Netherlands lasted only for some months, we did not have a hausse of publications as in the United States and some other countries. No handbooks for social workers, therapists, policemen or any other professionals and no books of cult survivors were published in the Netherlands. Therefore it is impossible for me to use any Dutch sources that were published in the 21st century. As I wrote in the chapter about the Netherlands, the most influential Dutch book on satanic ritual abuse is Hervonden herinneringen en andere misverstanden by Hans Crombag and Harald Merckelbach (two professors in psychology), which contains a chapter on that subject. However within a couple of months a comprehensive study on satanic ritual abuse will be published. This study of Tjalling Beetstra will be the first book in the Netherlands which goes entirely about satanic ritual abuse. Since this dissertation is not published yet, I cannot use it as a source. Criminologist1963 00:02, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* I would like to draw the attention of editors here to the conflicts of interest that often arise in literature on ritual abuse. Dutch author Benjamin Rossen wrote extensively on the Oude Pekala incident in the early 1990s, and his argument feature in a book cited by Crim (Robert D. Hicks, In Pursuit of Satan: The Police and the Occult, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, New York, 1991). Crim's arguments are a carbon-copy of Rossen's e.g. the Oude Pekala allegations are the result of community hysteria and religious fundamentalism.
* Rossen is a contributer to the pro-paedophile journal Paidika (see here) and he has also contributed to publications by pro-incest advocate Ralph Underwager (see here). Rossen was closely associated with key figures of the pro-incest movement of the 1980s, and he has a clear conflict of interest in writing on matters relating to child sexual assault - however, Crim is attempting to reproduce Rossen's very dubious position here as fact.
* I have drawn my information on Oude Pekala and the situation in the Netherlands from two researchers and medical practitioners who treated some of the children in the case for sexual assault, documented this clinical encounter in a peer-reviewed journal, and then conducted a follow-up survey on a cohort of 87 children over the decade following the case.
* Jonker F, Jonker-Bakker P., Effects of ritual abuse: the results of three surveys in The Netherlands, Child Abuse and Neglect, 1997 Jun;21(6):541-56
* Jonker, F.; Jonker-Bakker, P., Experiences with Ritualist Child Sexual Abuse: A Case Study from the Netherlands., Child Abuse and Neglect, v15 n3 p191-96 1991
* You'll note that Crim is factually incorrect in stating that the first 'secular' report of SRA in the Netherlands occured in 1993. The peer-reviewed journal Child Abuse and Neglect reported the allegations in 1991. The rest of his 'explanation' is simply his understanding of the nature of SRA in the Netherlands, unsupported and unsourced. I see no reason why his POV should be enshrined as fact in a Wikipedia article.
* He also continues to assert a causal relationship between the Oude Pekala allegations, religious media and three psychologists attending a training workshop some years prior, inferring that the allegations relate to a religious "moral panic". It is concerning that he continues to assert this argument although I have pointed him to clinical accounts of physical evidence of the repeated sexual assault of the first complainant child in the case, and a cohort study of 87 children in the town which found clear indications of physical, emotional and psychosocial trauma. Why does he object to this data being made available to readers of the article, and why is he reproducting as fact the arguments of Benjamin Rossen despite Rossen's dubious associations with the pro-incest movement? --Biaothanatoi 01:10, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* Biao, this can only be resolved by concentrating on the quality of the sources. Can I summarise your post as saying that Rossen's book is not to be considered as a reliable source for WP? I would tend to agree, simply because it is not from an academic publisher. Other sources may be reliable though and we will need to discuss them. A source that is in general very reliable should, I think, be removed. That is Cohen's Folk Devils and Moral Panics which is not relevant to this topic. Itsmejudith 07:36, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* We can't assess the credibility of Crim's sources because they aren't in English. I'm concerned that he includes, amongst his sources, a book with a derivation of Rossen's account, and that Crim's version of Oude Pekela mirrors Rossen so closely.
* We know that Crim's account of Oude Pekela is factually incorrect - Jonker and Jonker-Bakker's paper was published two years before Crim claims any publication on the matter in the 'secular' media, and the authors clearly state that the first complainant child was seen multiple times for sexual assault. Crim's refusal to acknowledge these facts should be cause for real concern here.
* However, it seems that editors have a free reign to post any confabulation and falsehood as long as it reinforces a 'skeptics' view of SRA. --Biaothanatoi 02:33, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
Here is some additional information about the Dutch sources I have used:
Maandblad Geestelijke volksgezondheid - a monthly journal for psychologists and psychiatrists. In the case of satanic ritual abuse mpd therapists and believers as well as critics and sceptics have published in this magazine. I used publications from the mpd movement as well as from critics and sceptics in the chapter about the Netherlands.
Multiple Personality Disorder in the Netherlands: A Study on Reliability and Validity of the Diagnosis - Suzette Boon and Nel Draijer conducted this study. It was also the dissertation of Boon.
Massahysterie in de Verenigde Staten en Nederland: De affaire rond de McMartin Pre-School en het ontuchtschandaal in Oude Pekela, in: Peter Burger and Willem Koetsenruijter (Eds.), Mediahypes en moderne sagen: Sterke verhalen in het nieuws, Leiden, Stichting Neerlandistiek Leiden, 2004 - a comparative analyses of the McMartin Pre-School case and the debauchery scandal in Oude Pekela by Tjalling Beetstra. The book contains the lectures that Beetstra and other experts gave at the University of Leiden at a congress about mediahypes.
Rapport van de Werkgroep Ritueel Misbruik - official report of the workgroup that was installed by the state secretary of Justice in reaction to the broadcast of the television newsmagazine Nova concerning satanic ritual abuse. I mentioned this broadcast in my last reaction.
If Biaothanatoi would play fair, he would also have given the link to the abstract of Frank Putnams critical analysis of the research of Fred Jonker and Ietje Jonker-Bakker. You find that abstract here: The Satanic Ritual Abuse Controversy
Criminologist1963 11:32, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'm not "playing" a game, Crim. If you have English-language sources that would facilitate our understanding here, then just let us know. You infer that I am wilfully withholding information from editors here and that is simply not the case. Meanwhile, you haven't addressed the factual inaccuracies in your own argument, such as the emergence of Jonker and Jonker-Bakker's account of Oude Pekala in an academic journal article two years before the date that you fix for such a secular account of the incident. This calls into question the basis of your argument, which is that such allegations where the fabrications of religious fundamentalists. --Biaothanatoi 02:17, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* It looks like Crim's account of SRA in the Netherlands is just a translation job from the SRA article on the Dutch Wikipedia. As far as I can tell, he's pretty much reproduced it word for word in English here.
* This section of the article is designed to highlight individual cases, not the overall history of SRA in each given country. Some of the information taken by Crim from this article is factually incorrect, some of it is derived from Rossen, and in other cases, he is reproducing as fact arguments that have been presented elsewhere in the article as a particular POV.
* Don't see what any of this adds to the article, particularly when the information is demonstratably wrong. --Biaothanatoi 03:12, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* And, having reviewed Putnam's editorial, it was not a critical analysis of Jonker and Jonker-Bakker's research. It was a reflection on the challenges that SRA presents to clinicians as a whole.
* Crim, did you actually read Putnam's article - or did you just find it via google, read the abstract, and claim you'd found a critical analysis on that basis? If this is how you support your "argument", it's just not good enough. --Biaothanatoi 03:56, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
For the first time I can agree with Biaothanatoi about what he alleges. Yes, my account about satanic ritual abuse in the Netherlands is, apart from a few omissions, a translating job of the Dutch Wikipedia page. The reason is very simple: I wrote both the Dutch text and the English text. As you can see, the Dutch text is written by Criminoloog1963 and the English text by Criminologist1963.
I do not like to say it, but I do not know how to make it otherwise clear to you Biaothanatoi: You may know a lot about the situation in your country Australia, but as far as the Netherlands are concerned, you have no idea at all about how the discussion in the Netherlands developed, who were the actores in that discussion and why the debate about satanic ritual abuse was very short and why it has never lead to disproportionate reactions (mass hysteria, moral panic) as e.g. in the United States.
I have not written the chapter on the Netherlands to highlight individual cases, but to give a brief report about the situation in the Netherlands. This is very relevant, because in the Netherlands the discussion about satanic ritual abuse took a totally different course as the discussion in the United States.
In the Oude Pekela case, satanic ritual abuse was never mentioned by the parents of Oude Pekela or by the general practioners Fred Jonker and Ietje Jonker-Bakker in the years 1987-1988. I have hundreds of Dutch newspaper articles to proof that! Only when television newsmagazine Tijdsein in 1989 covered the topic satanic ritual abuse, Jonker and Jonker-Bakker came up with the idea that the children of Oude Pekela were ritually abused by satanists. They hold a lecture about it at London University and that lecture formed the basis for their article in the International Journal on Child Abuse and Neglect.
After the broadcasts on satanic ritual abuse of Tijdsein, a bigger audience had become familiar with the concept. However, it took another two years before satanic ritual abuse was reported to the Dutch authorities for the first time in 1991. My source for that is an official document from the Dutch parliament: Aanh. Hand. II, 1992-1993, Nr. 770. It contains questions of members of parliament to the minister of Health and the answers of this minister.
Yes, I have read the article of Frank Putnam. On page 176 Putnam says about the article of Jonker and Jonker-Bakker: Throughout this paper, the authors express a firm and unwavering conviction that these acts did in fact happen and were accurately described by the children, although parents and police expressed disbelief and ultimately the case was closed for lack of evidence. (...) Repeatedly the Jonker and Jonker-Bakker paper implies that many or all of the children reported a similar experience, but never once actually gives the percentage of children responding positively or negatively. On page 177 Putnam adds: Nowhere is there a systematic analysis of the actual degree of similarity of these allegations. On page 178 Putnam continues: The most frightening image emerging from this paper is not the alleged satanic conspiracy, but the actual massive social disorder that occured in Oude Pekela. Jonker and Jonker-Bakker describe a community turned against itself, filled with fear, anger, and distrust. Ultimately the national government had to intervene to restore some measure of convidence in the local authorities. (...) The Jonker and Jonker-Bakker paper is particularly inflammatory in this regard, repeatedly stating or implying, without specifying and actual evidence, that the police were, at best, incompetent, unqualified, and neglectful. Therefore Putnam concludes on page 178: In the future, unsubstantiated charges of police or government incompetence or neglect in the handling of satanic ritual abuse investigations should not be published in professionals journals as they only serve to erode public and professional trust in the law enforcement community. Putnam, Frank W., The Satanic Ritual Abuse Controversy, in: International Journal on Child Abuse and Neglect, Vol. 15, Nr. 3, 1991, p. 175-179. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Criminologist1963 (talk • contribs) 13:24, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* For what it's worth: Translation of another Wikipedia is not a violation of any policy or guideline, provided that the sources are adequate, and those sources do not have to be in the English language. I can't see anything wrong Criminologist1963 may be doing, providing the (Dutch language) sources support what he's saying. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 13:45, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
For your information Biaothanatoi, Benjamin Rossen is not from the Netherlands but from Australia. He had received several bachelor degrees in Australia, before he went to the Netherlands. Since he did not completed a master study, his tutor Marten Brouwer (a professor in mass psychology at the Free University of Amsterdam) told him that he had to write an extensive final paper to compensate his lack in his education. That lead to his book Zedenangst: Het verhaal van Oude Pekela, Amsterdam/Lisse, Swets & Zeitlinger, 1989.
I see your remark that it seems that editors have a free reign to post any confabulation and falsehood as long as it reinforces a 'skeptics' view of SRA as an insult! You should be ashamed of yourself Biaothanatoi! Remember, you do not know a thing about the situation in the Netherlands! So, stop harrassing me and other editors of the satanic ritual abuse page and concentrate yourself on your study!
Criminologist1963 11:31, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* The information you have provided about Rossen is not in the public domain, Crim. How interesting. --Biaothanatoi 04:21, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
The information I have provided about Rossen is in the public domain! See e.g.: Schipper, Aldert, Als het even over seks gaat, slaat de politie zo weer op hol, in: Trouw, 7 March 1992. Trouw is a Dutch newspaper.
Criminologist1963 11:33, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
Changes to opening para
The new statement about SRA as a 'conspiracy theory' within the 'anti-cult' movement makes no sense at all.
The shining lights of the anti-cult movement were Margaret Singer and Richard Ofshe, both of whom were avowed SRA skeptics and they sat on the board of the False Memory Syndrome Movement. In fact, the boards of the FMSF and the anti-cult orgs on the 1980s had a number of people in common.
Anyway, I'm deleting the sentence because it's (a) historically incorrect and (b) pushes the POV that claims of SRA were motivated by anti-cult activists. Actually, the opposite is true. Claims of False Memory Syndrome were motivated by anti-cult activists like Singer and Ofshe who felt that psychotherapy constituted a potentially coercive environment similar to cults. --Biaothanatoi 06:09, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'm removing the line in the opening para to the effect that a number of people "have suggested that allegations of SRA are false or at least exaggerated" for the following reasons:
* (a) In each of the disciplines cited, there are published authors and researchers who do not hold the view that "allegations of SRA are false or at least exaggerated".
* (b) There is not a single citation for this statement to a source published in the last ten years. A number of sources are over 15 years old. The relevance of these sources to the debate in 2007 is extremely questionable.
* (c) The statement regarding "day care sex abuse allegations" is demonstratably false. There were numerous 'substantiated' instances of multi-perpetrator abuse involving ritualistic elements in day-care centres. The definition of 'substantiation' in child protection interventions is whether investigators believe the abuse took place on a balance of probabilities (similar to the burden of proof in civil trials, lower then in criminal matters). This burden has been met numerous times around the world in relation to SRA in preschools and daycare centres in the 1980s, and these cases have been documented in the research literature.
* (c)There is no text for the second citation, and citation for "religious commentators" goes to ReligiousTolerance.org - a website whose authors have no qualifications, professional experience, or academic expertise in any of the subjects that their website holds forth on, nor have they ever been published anywhere except their own website.
* The sentence adds nothing to the article except to infer an interdisciplinary consensus that does not exist, and it actively misleads the reader in relation to sexual abuse in daycare centres. I've deleted it on this basis. --Biaothanatoi 02:37, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
* Can we separate, for purposes of discussion, the question of removing the sentence
* The "Satanic ritual abuse panic" as a conspiracy theory or moral panic within the anti-cult movement is now studied as a religious phenomenon in its own right.
* from the other removals from the lead?
* It's not obvious what the anti-cult sentence is supposed to mean, but it seems to be (as Biaothanatoi shows) false. Llajwa 19:03, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
* It is quite true that that a number of people "have suggested that allegations of SRA are false or at least exaggerated". Merely stated it's contraversial in the lead is inadequate. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 23:29, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
* And a number of other people have suggested otherwise. All these positions are thoroughly documented in the article itself - offering a "he said/she said/they said" in the first paragraph adds nothing. In addition, you are factualy incorrect in your statements about sexual abuse in day-care centres. This factual error has been made clear to you and yet you continue to assert it. Please address the concerns that have been raised on this page regarding this statement before you act on the article - simply ignoring those concerns and reverting changes is not a demonstration of good faith. --Biaothanatoi 01:13, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* Rubin, can you treat other editors here with some courtesy and respond to our concerns? You are making edits without trying to build consensus, and you are clearly pushing your own POV onto the article. We aren't trying to entrench one POV over another in the article - we are trying to find balance on a very sensitive issue. Ignoring everyone else and acting unilaterally achieves nothing.
* Re: Sexual abuse in day-care. I understand that you may feel strongly about this matter, but that's no excuse for making statements in the article when it's been pointed out to you that they are false e.g. the issue of substantiation in day-care sexual abuse cases. As I said above, child protection services work on the same burden of proof as civil cases, which is a balance of probabilities, and this standard has been met numerous times in relation to allegations of organised and ritualistic child abuse in day-care centres. I can think of three preschools in Australia that have been shut down after allegations of SRA were found to be substantiated by child protection services. Similar American cases have been subject to rigorous analysis in two key books by Finkelhor and Kelly respectively, and their sample sizes were quite large. Faller and others have undertaken smaller-scale studies, both qualitative and quantitative, in relation to sexual abuse in daycare. I suggest you read this literature before jumping to conclusions. --Biaothanatoi 01:29, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* There a few errors in this discussion. I suppose the supporting of the controversy don't need to be in the lead, but the fact that a number of relevant professionals "have suggested stated that allegations of SRA are false" should be in the lead, with a correlative sentence that a number of relevant professionals believe there is more SRA than alleged. This could be supported in the body of the article.
* The references in the disputed lead paragraph are not in the body of the article. As they are accurate, they should be.
* The level of substantiation in day-care sexual abuse cases is low, if you can find a psychiatrist who will state that the children's symptoms (even if normal) are evidence of sexual abuse. (The following sentences constitute WP:OR, although common sense.) It's still not hard to find such psychiatrists. In fact, as one would expect those to be preferentially sought out by those attempting to "prove" sexual abuse, it would not be surprising if psychiatrists who honestly believe most children are sexually abused would be sought out by the State agencies. Courts do not appoint an advocate for the child until some time after the child is taken from the parents, so, even if that advocate actually wants what's best for the child, it may be difficult to determine what that option is.
* I'm not familiar with the Australian schools, but, due to the above phenomenon, actual "scientific" studies are impossible. The prejudices (not intended as pejorative) of the investigators will dominate the facts every time.
* That being said, I don't think any of the editors here are being dishonest, so, if you will assure me that the references and points that were in the lead are now in the Skepticism section, I'll concede the point that they don't need to be in the lead. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 01:58, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* You are more then welcome to add the references to a relevant section (e.g. "Skepticism) if you think they are important. Be brave. However, if your text implicitly endorses one sources position over any other (and there are a diversity of opinions on SRA amongst the skeptics, let alone amongst everyone else) then changes may be made to restore balance.
* You may object to the level of substantiation in child protection cases, but it's the same burden of proof as in a civil trial. You may think this burden of proof is too low, but that's your POV, and it places you in opposition to our civil trial system. The fact is that SRA has been substantiated by child protection services in daycare, and any statement to the contrary is wrong. Where datasets on substantiated cases of daycare centre abuse have been gathered, they have resulted in complementary research findings, indicating that the method by which this abuse has been substantiated is far from arbitrary.
* Your unsourced speculations about widespread incompetence and unprofessionalism within child protection services indicates a profound bias. You have no evidence for such wild suppositions and no basis from which to question the validity of research findings, undertaken by well-respected academics, on the basis of child protection investigations. You are, of course, free to hold such a POV, but I see no reason why your prejudice should be entrenched in the article. --Biaothanatoi 03:28, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* I though my phrasing was quite clear; I'm proposing that the state agencies has an institutional bias toward taking children out of the home (Child Services) and finding ritual abuse (law enforcement and prosecution), as that's one of the measures of the agency's effectiveness at budget time; that employees may have a bias (conscious or unconscious) toward that goal, and would seek out professionals (psychiatrists, in this case) who have the same bias, conscious or unconscious. It's not necessary that there be any malice or unprofessional conduct to have an unprofessional result. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 15:50, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* Only if the child care agency has an office of "parent advocate", with an explict mandate toward keeping children in the home, can this institutional bias be reduced. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 15:55, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* Rubin, with all due respect, I see no reasonable basis for entrenching your personal POV in the article in the manner that you have. --Biaothanatoi 02:14, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* I don't think I have been. "Entrenching" the POV that allegations of SRA are considered crticially by State agencies, regardless of the facts, is what I would like to see excised from the article. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 13:52, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
Attack site removal
It was an ArbComm decision which was apparently blanked and reopened. It's clear that any site which violates the privacy of ANY editor can be banned. There was a finding, that any site which has the primary purpose of "outing" individuals could be banned from external links, but that's been reversed. I think the site in question is also unreliable to the point of the information being more-likely-than not incorrect, but I'll need to research that. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 01:46, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'd like to hear your reasoning. The site in question contains a bibliography of hundreds of peer-reviewed journal articles pertaining to ritual child sexual abuse dating from 1980 to the present day. The webmaster has clearly demonstrated a concern about verifiability and accuracy. On what basis do you claim that the list of convictions has been falsified? --Biaothanatoi 05:14, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
well, this is an article about fringe activism. We do link to activist sites on Anti-cult movement without endorsing them. We do link to stormfront.org at Stormfront (website), naturally without endorsement. So I don't quite see why we sholdn't link to "Satanism panic!" sites from this article, naturally pointing them out for what they are. --dab (𒁳) 09:25, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
* I do not see how the site violates the privacy of any editor. The site has never been proven to be inaccurate. It describes court decisions with full citations. It appears to be more factual in nature than Satanic Media Watch and News Exchange http://www.smwane.dk/ which remains on the page. I will be restoring the link to the page. Abuse truth 01:58, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
* Agreed. Dab and Rubin, the list of convictions contains information that is verifiable and in the public domain. If you feel that is has been falsified, then please do some research and show us where. Rubin's "suspicions" about the site and Dab's ad hominem attacks are not justification for the removal of the link. --Biaothanatoi 05:20, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
Literature section
I've added a heap of material to the literature section ... basically the old section was a mash-up of refences to The X Files and Dungeons and Dragons, with any citations to books about SRA followed with a pejorative comment of some kind.
If anyone wants to see some of the deleted sources back in the page, please just insert it, but can you bear in mind that the skeptical literature is comprehensively covered with it's own section. --Biaothanatoi 06:37, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
* The critical sources you removed should, at the least, be added to the "skeptical literature" section. Since you know what you did, it would be easier for you to do it than for another editor. If I were to do it, I'd have to start with the revision of a few days ago and work forward. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 13:31, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
* All sources are already in the skeptical literature section. --Biaothanatoi 05:17, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
* Perhaps all the sources are in the "skeptical" section as references (although I'm not fully convinced), but not as sources. WP:UNDUE requires that that skeptical literature be given at least coverage paralleling the popularity and respectablility of that work. I think it may be necessary to revert those sections a few days. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 13:44, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
* If you feel that this hasn't taken place, Rubin, then please show me where. I'm not a mindreader and I can't act on your suspicions. I would point out to you that I have detailed the diversity of skeptical opinions on SRA to a far greater extent then any previous editor, and I've substantially expanded the number of references to skeptical sources.
* And while we are throwing Wikipedia policy around, then please remember that Wikipedia asks you to presume that other editors are acting in good faith. I've found that presumption somewhat thin on the ground from you. --Biaothanatoi 01:50, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* I think you misunderstand the point of that section. It wasn't an opportunity to plug a particular book on SRA which you think we should read, or to summarize pro-SRA-belief studies from the late 80s and early 90s (interestingly, I seem to remember you dismissing the 1992 Lanning FBI report on the basis that it was over 15 years old and therefore irrelevant...). It was attempting to discuss the phenomenon of SRA in popular culture. I don't mind an expansion of whatever "survivor" literature written for a general audience, but the section should be about popular literature, popular media, and popular culture generally. <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 18:39, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
* It's not up to you to dictate to any editor here the "purpose" of a section, Eleland.
* The subject of "SRA in popular culture" has nothing to do with a "literature" section, and as it stands, the "popular culture" references were random snippets of the The X Files, Dungeons and Dragons and Jack Chick. I don't see what value this adds to the article whatsoever. The literature that I've added here is a comprehensive and balanced overview of 20 years worth of publications on the subject of SRA rather then a compendium of TV shows that mentioned the subject in passing. Some research was undertaken in the early 1990s, but I've included many references until the present day.
* The previous section paid great attention to certain books over others - in particular, Pazder and Statford - and so I see no disjunction in highlighting Scott's work, which is the most recent and comprehensive book on the subject.
* Sadly, given your history on this page, it's no leap of logic to suggest that your objection to the mention of Scott's research has nothing to do with a concern about the balance of the article, and everything to do with the fact that her findings directly contradict your entrenched and long-standing POV on this matter. --Biaothanatoi 05:17, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
* I don't think a literature section is appropriate to an encyclopedia entry, since the whole article should be derived from the relevant literature. The material in that section is, to my quick reading, sound, and it should be moved to the front of the article and given a different section title. Itsmejudith 08:37, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* Let me try again. The new "Literature" section plugs The Politics and Experience of Ritual Abuse: Beyond Disbelief on the basis that it is, "the only qualitative study of the life histories of survivors of ritual abuse". Besides the verifiability problem inherent there (the "only study" claim is cited to the book itself), there is absolutely no reason to believe this book is notable or significant in comparison to others. Its Amazon ranking is #5,145,305. Compare this to Satanic Panic (#317,874 paperback, #1,260,481 hardcover), Michelle Remembers (#166,010 paperback, #503,765 in highest of various hardcover editions), The Myth of Repressed Memory (#82,962), etc.
* In other words, it seems like you've read the book, found it persuasive and useful, and want to share it with us. Well, that's OK, but that's not what a section on literature and popular culture should be doing. Such a section should be surveying the most influential and impactful works on the subject - and yes, that includes the ramblings of Jack Chick, Patricia Pulling, et al. Wikipedia is meant to cover all aspects of a subject, not just those which someone considers "serious". I've noticed that over the past weeks that almost every reference to unbelievable claims, such as thousands of satanic murders a month, has been expunged from the piece. Those claims strike me as a highly notable aspect of the SRA phenomenon, even if serious and straight-laced academics no longer discuss them. I don't believe they should be removed, and I'm concerned that removing them not only deprives the reader of relevant information, it has the effect of puffing up SRA's plausibility by downplaying a chapter in the SRA movement's history that most would prefer to forget. <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 16:47, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* Eleland, you have a clear interest in trivialising the matter of SRA. For example, much has been written about the HIV virus, including vast conspiracy theories as well as claims that it does not exist, and the virus has been mentioned innumerable times in popular culture. There has been a clear "moral panic" around HIV as well, driven by homophobia, stigma and discrimination. A balanced article on the HIV virus, however, would focus on the virus itself and the harms that it causes.
* By comparison, you have consistently advocated for an article in which SRA is discussed solely in terms of moral panic, conspiracy theories, and that time you watched the X-Files in 1996 and Scully said something about ritual abuse. Your attempts to assess sources that contradict your POV are so specious it's ridiculous - Amazon ranking? Are you serious? And as for Scott's book, it is the only qualitative study on the life histories of ritual abuse survivors. If you can find another, please let me know, because I would be very interested.
* Your "literature" section was pretty light on literature, but you've made it clear that you aren't interested in reading particularly widely on this subject. However, where you did manage to mention a book, you paid particular attention to particular books - when it suited your POV. Now, you've taken the position that any emphasis on any book is POV, whilst the importance of all research findings are now (apparently) assessed by the oracle that is Amazon.com.
* Encounters with adults and children disclosing a history of ritualistic abuse is a clinical reality for many pracitioners today - medical, social or psychological. This article should be a resource for them, not just a playground for junk skeptics who like to beat up straw men. --Biaothanatoi 01:50, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* In case people haven't figured it out yet, I'm separating the references into individual citations rather than clumping them together. Citations can be contested and disputed individually now, and it's just more in keeping with normal wikipedia style. WLU 01:31, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
The section is shaping up now. I've commented out the following statement and references: "These findings are commensurate with other studies that have surveyed the characteristics and experiences of adults who claim to be survivors of ritual abuse."
This comment is OR without a citation, a violation of WP:SYNTH by my reading. If these ideas belong together, someone else must have said it, not us. Wikipedia is not a soapbox. We can't engage in original research by adding an e.g. when we feel that the sources support our ideas. Given that, the statement:
"Studies of children and adults with a history of SRA have found that intrafamilial abusers were strongly implicated in experiences of organised and ritualistic abuse, and participants reported serious physical, sexual and psychological abuse, including being bound, drugged, deprived of food, forced to ingest waste, blood and semen, and being forced into sex with adults, children and animals. Research participants typically demonstrated severe post-traumatic symptoms and associated dissociative states."
also lacks a citation (what studies? What measures were used to assess PTSD and DID? Did any studies actually say this?) and can not just be assumed. This is a controversial topic, so the important thing is to find sources and cite them. Also, while I'm on the topic of sources, the Journal of Psychohistory pops up a lot, but is sporadic on pubmed. Some sort of citation database link would be nice; paper sources are acceptable, but better on controversial pages is sources people can read themselves.
Finally, I removed the section:
Sara Scott’s book The Politics and Experience of Ritual Abuse: Beyond Disbelief synthesizes research on ritual abuse and other forms of organised abuse as well as qualitatively analysing the experiences of several survivors. Scott explored how their accounts of ritualistic abuse and self-identity were enmeshed within histories of family violence, abuse and neglect, as well as networks of perpetrators engaged in sadistic sexual practices with children, and child pornography and prostitution. Her findings challenge many of the presumptions of the ritual abuse literature, as well as it’s detractors, by suggesting that that the harmful and traumatic experiences of ritually abused children are driven by routine power-and-control relationships, such as those between a parent and a child, and that ritualistic and “occult” experiences of abuse should be seen in relation to a wider picture of severe family dysfunction, psychopathology and isolation.
(note that this is post-trim, I'd already modified and trimmed the paragraph before deciding to paste it) and am placing it here fore discussion. This is such a lengthy description for a single book and author who diesn't have a wikipedia page, it seems to me that it places undue weight on the book and it's methods, interpretations and conclusions. It's one book. It should be a single reference to a single sentence (or multiple spread throughout the page) rather than an entire paragraph in an already lengthy section.
Speaking of which, are 37 citations really needed for this section? Going through amazon, for the books I kept seeing the same books popping up in the 'customers who liked this book also liked..." section, that I'm wondering if this is another example of wp:undue. Could it just be reduced to the most relevant books that ideally are from reputable press, major publishers, or most ideally, scientific/university press? I'm guessing there's at least a couple self-published or vanity press books in the list. The whole article seems like it could use a third opinion or RFC, given the ever-burgeoning talk page.
* If undue weight is being given to anything, it seems like editors here have a lot of faith in the oracular powers of Amazon.com to assess the credibility of books that editors have never read. --Biaothanatoi 01:50, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
Final comment - within the references there are a distressing number of comments that say 'e.g./see/example/'. A reference either justifies the comment or it does not. Providing examples, in most cases, is a synthesis, and violation of WP:OR in my mind. Whoever adds them, please review the policy, as the refs should be clean and supporting the sentence, not a justification for soapboxing, or as part of a synthesis of information or conclusion on a previous point. If it's notable for inclusion, it'll be documented in a reliable source. If the reference is clean and does justify the point, it does not need to be an example, it is a citation. WLU 02:55, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
* WLU, I appreciate any edits and suggestions in the name of balance, since the various ins-and-outs of WP policy can get a little esoteric at times. However, it seems to me a pity that such scrutiny was not applied to the previous article given it's many unsourced and factually incorrect statements, and citations to authors of dubious reputation. --Biaothanatoi 01:50, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* Sorry for the lack of reply, this is a very labour-intensive article to keep tabs on. What previous article are you referring to? It's not Amazon that I'm relying no for credibility, it's the publishers - if my research has turned up that the publisher is incredibly tiny, vanity press or otherwise completely lacking oversight, I am inclined to remove it. If the reference is one of many (as was the case of the literature section, which was grossly over-referenced, almost spammy) I had no qualms about trimming it down - 117 references is a lot for one article, particularly when they aren't really justifying anything that needed to be referenced. By corollary, if the book was from a reliable publisher or a university press, I am more inclined to leave it in. Amazon I mostly used to find the ISBN, which I used to generate the citation template. I don't believe I've removed any references that were floaters, just the ones where there were 6-10 references to books after a single statement. WLU 16:46, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
Archive
I archived the pages for discussions that ended on or before September 30th, since the page was getting stupid-long. It's still pretty long. WLU 14:37, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
"Criticisms"
Unfortunately, even though the skeptical view of SRA is the mainstream view, the article is currently written to confine skeptical views to a "skepticism" ghetto (where they are presented in a misleading, mocking fashion by rapid-fire listing various explanations, giving the impression that skeptics are just randomly stabbing in the dark at explaining the SRA phenomenon). This is out-of-line with both style and NPOV practice.
* Do you have any evidence to back up your assertion that the skeptical view of SRA is the mainstream view? Or is this an unsourced statement? Abuse truth 20:53, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* For starters, try Google News: "satanic ritual abuse" since 1997. <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 22:08, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* Eleland, if you'd like to see the 'skepticism' section or incorporated more generally into the article, then feel free to do so in a way that is balanced and NPOV. In the past, you've preferred to entrench your own beliefs about SRA within the article as fact, so it'd be nice to see you take a different tact this time. --Biaothanatoi 01:59, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
"Citecheck"
Given past editing history, I have a tough time believing that all of the citations here are interpreted properly. Wikipedia is required to fairly summarize the findings of its sources, rather than taking an a lá carte approach where a series of unrelated sources are scoured for information which "proves" a certain point. If a study says, "85% of doctors have encountered patients describing SRA, but we think it's ridiculous", we can't use that to state "a study found that 85% of doctors have treated patients with a life history of ritualistic abuse".
* Do you have any evidence that any of the above citations have been interpreted improperly, or is this just another unsourced statment? Abuse truth 20:53, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* How am I expected to "source" a statement like this? We already know that an editor has copied-and-pasted the ramblings of a delusional maniac, citing it to sources he probably didn't read (and has never even said that he read), as well as selectively quoting a study in almost exactly the way I describe in my example. It's linked on the FTN posting. <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 22:11, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
* Let me add furthermore that, as WLU points out above, many statements here are cited in a way which makes it clear that they don't verify the text. For instance, we have lines saying things like, "the most valuable study on the prevalence of SRA is X", and the only citation is to... X. Even if study X says it's the most valuable study, which is doubtful, we cannot make such a claim without independent sources. This entire piece is written in the tone of a persuasive essay, constantly making overt editorial statements about how to interpret some work or datum. Virtually none of these statements are sourced, and many of them, being inherently opinions, are by definition unverifiable. That's bad. <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 03:38, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
* Eleland, you've a longstanding history here of ad hominem attacks and an outright refusal to presume good faith.
* Much of your previous take on this article came from two people who manufactured child pornography - shall we all view all your edits in this light? After all, we've already established that much of what you wrote in your previous article was factually incorrect. --Biaothanatoi 01:59, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
"Unbalanced"
This really ties into the "criticisms" section above. It is simply not appropriate to write this article to the "SRA is real!" view, when this is demonstrably not a majority view. It appears that reliable sources almost all conclude that either SRA is total bunk, or SRA is a relatively rare phenomenon which was seized on and exaggerated far beyond recognition during the late 1980s / early 1990s. The article should be written to these views.
* A number of reliable sources have been listed in the article stating that SRA has occurred with some frequency. What "reliable sources" state otherwise? And are they reliable or simply pushing their own POV? Abuse truth 20:53, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
<tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 16:59, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
"Abuse truth", there is simply no way you can push your minority position within Wikipedia policy. You'll need to either accept that, or find another forum to air your convictions. dab (𒁳) 18:27, 21 October 2007 (UTC)\
* I don't believe that somebody's point of view becomes a "minority position" simply because that person disagrees with you, Dab. Please try to assess people's arguments in good faith - these ad hominem attacks reveal nothing except the paucity of your argument. --Biaothanatoi 01:59, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:NPOV
* "The neutral point of view is a means of dealing with conflicting verifiable perspectives on a topic as evidenced by reliable sources. The policy requires that where multiple or conflicting perspectives exist within a topic each should be presented fairly. None of the views should be given undue weight or asserted as being judged as "the truth", in order that the various significant published viewpoints are made accessible to the reader, not just the most popular one. It should also not be asserted that the most popular view, or some sort of intermediate view among the different views, is the correct one to the extent that other views are mentioned only pejoratively. Readers should be allowed to form their own opinions." Abuse truth 02:57, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
Dab -- evidence please that Abuse truth is pushing a "minority position". West world 04:25, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
Eleland's criticisms
It is notable that Eleland has yet to establish that a single fact added to this article, over the last month, has been incorrect. In contrast, much of the information contained in his previous version was demonstratably wrong or misleading.
His criticisms are almost entirely ad hominem, aimed either at other editors or at authors of sources that conflict with his POV. He has consistently sought to characterise those, like myself, who have a different POV to him as people prone to lying, conspiracy and misrepresentation. He points to apparent breaches of WP policy or style, not in order to correct the article, but rather as 'evidence' as to why editors who disagree with him cannot be trusted.
If Eleland is going to continue his campaign of bullying and harrasment then I see no other option then to go to mediation or arbitration. What do other editors think? --Biaothanatoi 06:12, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* I won't reply to this screed, other than to note that "my previous version" is a stub article from September 2002 of dubious relevance to the current dispute. I made minor edits twice in 2003, adding brief mentions of specific cases or allegations (Martensville, and some crap from Scott Peterson's lawyers). In the intervening four years I haven't touched this piece, and I don't know why Biao insists on treating me as its sole legitimate representative. Oh, and of course I'd be amenable to mediation, either through the informal "Cabal" or the formal "Committee". <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 07:10, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'm treating you as the main author of this article, because your user page states "I created Winnipeg General Strike, Squamish Five, Satanic ritual abuse, Cluster bomb, and Domino theory among others". Is this statement true or not? --Biaothanatoi 04:18, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
Alien abductions
The Alien abduction section looked like a violation of WP:SYNTH and WP:OR, so I removed it. WLU 02:25, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
One sentence in Intro
There seems to be an ongoing edit war over the Intro, but could we please separate out this sentence?
* "The "Satanic ritual abuse panic" as a conspiracy theory or moral panic within the anti-cult movement is now studied as a religious phenomenon in its own right. "
I removed it once, and User:Dbachmann restored it as part of the larger paragraph. But it doesn't make any sense! Whatever you think of those who believe SRA is widespread, they really have no connection to the anti-cult movement except by analogy. Can you please address this before restoring it? Llajwa 18:49, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
* that's a valid info, so long as the reference specifically cites SRA as an example. Whoever has the reference or added it should be able to clarify. WLU 00:22, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* At the very least it needs clarification. What about just removing "within the anti-cult movement"? This question seems separate from the larger SRA-is-a-real-threat / SRA-is-all-in-your-mind debate roiling this article. The anti-cult movement just seems like a red herring here. Llajwa 01:05, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* Really, we can't say or do much without knowing what the original citation says. WLU 01:10, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* We've established elsewhere on this page that the statements about the "anti-cult movement" and the "daycare sexual abuse hysteria" are factually incorrect. I've stated why this is the case and received no reasoned answer in reply, and yet here the statement is again.
* I'm finding that editors here are circumventing reasoned debate on this page, pushing ahead with a clear agenda to entrench their POV in the article, and accusing anyone who disagrees witih them of being a "conspiracy theorist". At times, their behaviour has been tantamount to bullying and harrasment.
* Meanwhile, any source which provides a view on SRA other then "moral panic" is being struck down by the most specious and abritrary tests. Neutral editors here are also clearly having a difficulty assessing the credibility of sources and the accuracy of the context in which they are being quoted.
* Do we need to move to mediation? --Biaothanatoi 02:08, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
* You may want to try a WP:RFC first. Unfortunately I can't really give an opinion since I've only done purely superficial copyedits to the page without touching content. WLU 19:49, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
Self-Confessed Satanist?
Why the negative connotation?
Would you brand somebody a "Self-confessed Christian, or a self-confessed Jew?
Modern day satanism, the only true form of this religion, embraces children as sacred beings, hence SRA is just silly it should be called FRA, for fuckwit ritual abuse.
I wish a minority of imbeciles would discontinue ruining a logical, self-improving religion for the rest of us.
Being tarred with the same brush as a bunch of kid rapers is bullshit, I'd kill all of the bastard kiddy-fiddlers before I touched a kid myself.
Proud Laveyan Satanist. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:04, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
Oh my god
Ok, I'm going through the citations for the article, trying to get some standard and have them all with citation templates. I have to say, what the hell? Every single citation within the United Kingdom section was to say the accusations and whatnot were baseless. In the Rochdale case, the citation was used to support the existence of a SRA case, when the citation was about the 'victims' (i.e. the children) suing the council for wrongfully removing them from their homes. In other words, it was used to support the exact opposite of what the article actually said. I'm thinking the section should be removed completely, were it not for the fact that it basically guts the SRA case overall, in the UK at least. Also:
* the newsmakingnews.com article, which is where many of the citations for the US appeared to have come from, appears to be citing non-existant newspapers; the Orlando Sentinal Tribune doesn't appear to exist. Despite this, many 'references' appear to be culled from this site; I've commented out any entries where I can't find anything to support the reference. I really think it should be removed as an external link as it appears to be extremely unreliable.
* There appear to be references where the SRA aspects are incredibly minor; having 'cultishness' appearing in a newspaper article isn't really helpful on a page like this.
* When the words 'though no unambiguous evidence linking the girl's death to SRA was ever found' are attached to a reference, on a page about SRA, that's a reason to remove the reference, and accompanying text from the page.
* Michelle Remembers? It's been called fictional. Though this is the most reliable source I can find to date. Still, I've put in a more explicit discussion of it's 'alleged' (i.e. fictional) nature. WLU 19:32, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'm going through the 'literature' section and removing the least reliable books I can - in part because they're not reliable (self-publications) and in part because we don't need 8 examples of survivor's publications. I'm also taking out references to the journal of psychohistory, it has an editor (Lloyd deMause) but no peer review board that I could find. Also, the sections with JoPh tend to have multiple references, many of which are peer-reviewed journals which are much more reliable sources. WLU 19:47, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
* I would agree with the removal of the Journal of Psychohistory, as it does not seem to be an academic journal of the usual type. This is such a sensitive topic that the article should be written up entirely from journal articles, academic books, training manuals for professionals, mainstream news sources and other such top-quality sources. Itsmejudith 21:53, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
* The mention of the Cynthia Owen case from Ireland is at present pretty incomprehensible. It is referenced to news sources, which can be taken as accurate for statements made in court. One of these reports a clinical psychologist stating that she was told by Cynthia Owen of ritual sexual abuse over many years and that she believed what she had been told. This is notable and should be in the article, but summarised in that way. The rest is probably not relevant. Itsmejudith 09:24, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'll see if I have the patience to go through the rest of that section today or in the near future. WLU 11:07, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* WLU, I appreciate any changes made in the name of clarity, but the fact that Owen's family was poly-incestuous (that is, with incestuous abuse both within and between generations in the family), two of her siblings committed suicide and her baby was found to have been fathered by her father and murdered by her mother is clearly relevant in assessing the credibility of her disclosures of SRA.
* In a debate where I keep hearing "there is no evidence", Owen's case is an example of a substantiated life history in of chronic neglect, polyabuse, murder and suicide, consonant with her disclosures of SRA. --Biaothanatoi 04:15, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
I haven't looked at Ireland yet, all I did there was reduce multiple references to a single one using a tag. Hopefully I'll get to it at some point, but as I've said before, this is not exactly a labour of love, it's more like just labour. However, one problem I've run into in the article is an extensive disclosure of horrific abuse in specific cases, but when I look for the satanic ritual aspects, there's a single mention of dubious merit (i.e. had victim drink blood from a cup/mentioned the devil/sodomy with a cross/whatever). I don't know if this is the case or not with Ireland, but if the news articles and other sources do indeed mention SRA, I will be sure to include it, to the degree that it is emphasized in the source. It's not fair to portray something as SRA if there are six news articles about it and only one of them mention some sort of Christian devil-type thing. SRA is specific in things like Michelle Remembers (organized, conspiratorial group of people torturing and killing babies for the devil) but much more elusive in the sources for the page (some fucked up people conflate sex and God then it gets mentioned as a salacious tidbit in a news story). I'll keep your comments in mind when/if I tackle Ireland - if this is one case of explicit evidence, I'll certainly try to reflect that in the text. Source checking is tiring! WLU 17:05, 26 October 2007 (UTC)
RFC: Article tone POV, and sourcing
Recently a conflict has arisen as to the relative weight given to various POVs on this issue, and to the quality of sourcing. What conclusions should this article draw about the real / mythic nature of SRA, which sources should it use, and are the current sources accurately represented? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eleland (talk • contribs) 21:21, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
* Looks like enough eyes are on the page now to deal with this. If problems continue, somebody else can open the RfC. <eleland/talkedits> 02:09, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
Proposing the removal of the second and third tags at the top of the article
I am proposing this because it appears both of these issues have been addressed by the editors. Comments are welcome. Abuse truth 23:32, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Though I think the page is getting better, I've still seen enough problems with citations and text that until I've been through all the sections I'm reluctant to endorse the tags being removed. The unbalanced tag I'm not so sure about, and I don't really have an opinion either way. WLU 03:22, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* This article is improving greatly — thanks for the salutary work, WLU! The citations are still very problematic. Many sections contain assertions which are not made in the sources which superficially appear to verify them. Many sections contradict their sources outright, or cherry-pick their sources for claims favorable to the SRA believers while ignoring skepticism.
* You've made these claims numerous times, Eleland, but you haven't provided a single example. Instead, you've spent the last few months trading in pejorative generalisations against editors and sources that contradict your entrenched POV.
* It's hard to take you seriously when you can't be bothered to read the sources you criticise out of hand. --Biaothanatoi 05:30, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
* (For example, the "Belgium" section makes no mention of the prosecution's theory that Dutroux was spamming the police with nonsense allegations against "bigger fish" to try and save his own skin.) Some of the sources are seemingly unreliable, especially given the rather extraordinary nature of the claims made. Some of the cases listed have no apparent evidence to support their categorization as "satanic" or "ritualistic" in nature; they're just awful cases of intense, long-term abuse. (It is true that some SRA believers, like Summitt, advocate extremely broad definitions of ritual abuse, which complicates matters.) The "unbalanced" tag is probably best replaced with something more specific; perhaps we should use "exampefarm" which says "This article or section may contain poor or irrelevant examples. Articles should only contain pertinent examples." I don't know if the "multipleissues" template currently supports it though. <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 04:22, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Note that I believe WP:REDFLAG supports the notion of extraordinary claims requiring extraordinary sources. If the Belgian thing is a stretch, there's no reason to include it. The page, given it's length and referencing, should include references that explicitly discuss SRA, and ideally it should be more than just 'and Bob Abuser mentioned Satan once while beating his kids'. The page is of sufficient depth and non-stubby that it should discuss the best examples. WLU 14:08, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* Well, there really was a national scandal over the thing, and conspiracy theories abounded which were apparently given credence by some, but not most, credible journalists (Olenka Frenkiel had a investigative report / advocacy piece for the BBC.) Basically, Dutroux painted himself as just a procurer for a massive ritual-rape-'n-murder ring, and the victims' families believed him. They began campaigning publicly for this theory, and the investigating judge (it's an inquisitorial system in Belgium) showed up at a fund-raising event for their campaign, for which he was promptly sacked. This gave rise to a large, but brief, public outcry. During the publicity storm, some previously unknown people (the "X witnesses") came forward with stories of their knowledge of the alleged abuse ring, especially someone named Regina Louf. She was originally announced by police to have produced corroborated accounts, ie giving details of murders which were not publicly available. Later, police said that the original investigators had badly botched the interrogations, basically leading her on to give these details and then announcing them as corroborating proof. Finally parliament set up a commission which found that the entire investigation had been a terrible botch, and the police and judges were hugely incompetent. As for evidence of corruption and protection? "On the question of protection we didn't discover much, unless you count the best protection that Dutroux could have had and that's the incompetence of Belgium's police and judicial system." The scandal died a natural death, although the usual true-believer claims continue to survive, in this case by an unusual number of people who should know better. Still, the majority view is clearly the Hanlon's razor explanation, which even the true-believer sources make clear, if they're reliable. I think we should keep the Belgium section, mind you, because it involved allegations of ritualistic abuse conspiracy by high-level government and business VIPs, in line with the panics of the US in the late 1980s and early 1990s. We just need to write it to the majority viewpoint, while accommodating minority claims fairly and proportionally. <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 16:32, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* This is a manifestly inadequate and biased summary of the Belgium case.
* Eleland falsely claims that the X Witnesses came forward during the "publicity storm". In fact, the police force made a public request for witnesses to approach them at that time. For some reason, Eleland wants to characterise the X Witnesses as publicity seekers and fabricators, when they were simply responding to a request by the police.
* Numerous journalists and politicans have noted that Dutroux's investigation and prosecution was characterised by ineptitude and conflicts of interest. Countless articles and books have documented Dutroux's activities in a child sex ring since at least the mid-1980s. When I type "Dutroux" and "corruption" into Factiva, I get 623 articles from the last 10 years. Searching for "Dutroux" and "satanic" brings up 51 articles regarding Dutroux's connections to a "satanic cult".
* Eleland falsely (but characteristically) claims that his preferred take on the case is the 'majority view'. 300 000 Belgians took to the streets in 1996 to protest against the conduct of the investigation and in support of the victim's families, whose concerns Eleland callously dismisses in his passage above. His summary runs against the known facts of the case, which points again to his ongoing and zealous interest in discrediting any case in which SRA is substantiated. --Biaothanatoi 05:17, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
Another Archive
This page was getting extremely long, so I've archived another big chunk of it. I tried to keep any discussions that were active less than a week on here. If you want to continue any of the archived topics, create a new topic here. Please do not edit the archive. -- Kesh 21:28, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
new book section
I've added a book section to the page. Please feel free to add appropriate selections.Abuse truth 00:49, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
* I've reverted your addition, as all of the books listed ascribe a single POV. All parts of an article need to present a neutral point-of-view, including See Also sections and Recommended Reading sections. Presenting only books from one view on this subject is not compatible with Wikipedia's goals or policies. However, once I've found some more selections, I will come back to this list to try and put together a balanced "Recommended Reading" section. -- Kesh 01:08, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
* Seems like a good idea. "Further reading" is more usual than "recommended reading". It's not up to us to recommend. Itsmejudith 15:19, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
* Eh, six of one, half-a-dozen of the other. "Further reading" sections are recommendations of books on the subject, but it's a semantic debate that's not worth getting into. :) -- Kesh 16:38, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
* Okay, I will wait a week on this. Hopefully by then a NPOV selection can be added. If not, I'll restore the edit, and others can add more books. Abuse truth 22:33, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
* I don't really see the need for a books/rec. reading section at all - there are already a multitude of books referenced in the main body, and it's not like there's a single, or even several books that can definitively describe Satanic Ritual Abuse, discuss it rationally, or even prove that systemic SRA exists. What worth would such a section serve? What's our criteria for including books? I'd prefer books were discussed on the talk pages before a) building such a section b) adding more if said section is included in the page. WLU 23:23, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
* I believe a reading section would help readers find more information on this controversial topic. There are several books that do definitively define SRA and discuss it rationally.Abuse truth 21:41, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
* My experience on controversial pages is that it is essential first to trawl through all the books and articles that might be relevant in order to add something from them to the article. Then at the end if there are sources that are not referred to but are still relevant then they form the Further reading section. For example, a source might be a good one for someone who wants an overview of the subject but is not referenced because it is a summary of material found in other sources that are referenced. It may be that this article is not yet ready for a Further reading section but it may become necessary later. Itsmejudith 21:56, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
* I'm inclined to agree with the above - further, if a book can't be used in the article, but still adds something valuable, then discuss it on the talk page before creating the section and adding it. When it's something as uncertain as SRA, I don't think you can unambiguously put up a book without discussing it first. WLU 19:28, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
* I will list a few books below that might be good to add. Please feel free to make comments about them. Of course, they need to be balanced with the other side of the issue.
* Abuse truth 04:07, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
* Of these, the Sinason book is from a top scholarly publisher. Sinason is a qualified psychologist. This is a good source for the viewpoint that SRA is a real phenomenon, and can be drawn on extensively in the article. The others I would say are not scholarly and therefore not suitable sources at all. However, we could discuss further. Would you like to quote the qualifications of any of the authors? Itsmejudith 07:59, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
* Abuse truth 04:07, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
* Of these, the Sinason book is from a top scholarly publisher. Sinason is a qualified psychologist. This is a good source for the viewpoint that SRA is a real phenomenon, and can be drawn on extensively in the article. The others I would say are not scholarly and therefore not suitable sources at all. However, we could discuss further. Would you like to quote the qualifications of any of the authors? Itsmejudith 07:59, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
* Of these, the Sinason book is from a top scholarly publisher. Sinason is a qualified psychologist. This is a good source for the viewpoint that SRA is a real phenomenon, and can be drawn on extensively in the article. The others I would say are not scholarly and therefore not suitable sources at all. However, we could discuss further. Would you like to quote the qualifications of any of the authors? Itsmejudith 07:59, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
The Sinason book is a good source for the page, but I don't see it as a 'further reading' candidate - it's about treating SRA, not SRA per se. Further reading should be for explicit discussion of the phenomena itself, not how to treat it. I'd love to see the reference list for the first chapter (which I assume discusses the phenomena in general). Incidentally, an NPOV section in my mind would contain both a 'SRA is real and here's the proof', and 'SRA is bunk and here's the lack fo proof'. Not to charicature the two sides or anything ... :) WLU 17:54, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
* That's why I initially removed the section when it was added. From the descriptions, all the books in the list were of the "SRA is real and here's how to treat it/eliminate it from society" variety. Entirely one-sided. I have to agree with the above, we need a mix of both for a NPOV selection, and they need to be about the phenomenon, not about treatment methods. -- Kesh 18:39, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
* The last three books are about SRA per se. Maybe they could be added with three balancing books.Abuse truth 03:04, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* I wouldn't be in favour of that. We should only be using scholarly sources. Since there is a disagreement between experts we must aim for balance, but that means balance between scholarly/expert views. Itsmejudith 14:40, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* The phenomenon has notability in popular culture, so I don't think it would be out of place to link popular or non-scholarly works as long as we're careful and circumspect about it. I think the same guideline for external links would apply - it's acceptable to link to biased, nonreliable sources, as long as they have some kind of useful information. Michelle Remembers, for example, is absolutely worthless as a source of factual information, but the book itself became part of the SRA story, so reading it would help understand the phenomenon better. This being said, there's no shortage of popular, non-academic skeptical books on the subject, especially from pagan/Satanist/new-religious-movement sources and secular Skeptics. So I think a light smattering of each would be appropriate, although of course factual and academic sources are preferred. <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 17:25, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* Much like see also, I don't see much point in duplicating the books referenced in the body text; if the section is called 'Further reading' so I'd say it should have texts not already on the page. Specific to MR, it's dealt with at relative lenght, including a wikilink, so no need for it in the section. WLU 18:35, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, there's no need to duplicate. I was just using MR as an example. <tt>< el eland / talk edits ></tt> 18:58, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
Sure. To summarize, a further reading section could be added, provided its contents are reviewed on the talk page first, should contain key texts of both a skeptical and 'believer' (somewhat pejorative, I can't think of a better term) sides, should not duplicate the books used as a reference in the body text, should deal with the reality of SRA, rather than how to treat or otherwise deal with it, and should be the most reliable available. Does that sound reasonable? WLU 19:10, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
* I agree with the above. Abuse truth 04:18, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
Lewis case
Both The Guardian and the Sunday Herald can be regarded as reliable sources, for news facts at least. I'm disappointed to see Biaothanatoi describe my summary of a Guardian article as biased and inaccurate in an edit summary. It may well be that both articles need to be included.
Please may we avoid the words "disclosed" and "disclosure" as they imply that we endorse allegations that are usually not proven. I'm aware that they are widely used by psychologists but they are avoided by legal professionals. We should use the most neutral language available. Itsmejudith 12:43, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
* Your summary was biased and inadequate in that you gave such undue weight to the recantation of single adult witness as to infer that all the charges were based on her allegations. You failed to note that an extensive social work investigation had found that the three complainant children had been abused in a sadistic and organised manner by at least four adults on the Isle. Of the 220 seperate incidences of abuse substantiated by investigators, some involved Satanic rituals.
* In short, your summary led the reader to beleive that the charges against the defendants were based on a single lying witness, and were thus without substance. This runs counter to the known facts.
* I disagree that the word 'disclosure' is used in a different way by either lawyers and psychologists. The word 'disclosure' is inherently nuetral in that it does not make a value judgement on the truth value of a child's statement about abuse. In contrast, using the term 'allegation' to characterise a child's disclosure of abuse is inherently problematic, in that it confuses the child's disclosure with a formal legal allegation.
* Using legal terminology to characterise children's disclosures of abuse is profoundly biased, in that it immediately raises the question of the legal burden of proof, which can rarely be met in sexual abuse cases. --Biaothanatoi 23:17, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
* Sorry, I have noted that the Guardian is still being used as a reference. But there are still problems in how this case is currently written up. The Sunday Herald article makes no reference to allegations of child prostitution being upheld. The Guardian makes reference to the police focusing on satanic abuse for unknown reasons. In summary, no allegations of abuse of a satanic nature reached court. The whole case collapsed. A witness who had made such allegations withdrew her statements entirely. An investigation found evidence of serious sexual abuse but nothing of a satanic nature. It's debatable whether this case should appear in the article at all. The Orkney case should be mentioned. Itsmejudith 12:59, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
* The Sunday Herald article refers to people paying the complainant children's parents to have sex with them. That is called "child prostitution". The Scotsman article refers to Satanic rituals being amongst the 220 seperate incidences of abuse substantiated by investigators.
* You have no basis for your statement that the single recanting witness was the basis for the Satanic allegations. That is apparently your presumption, since it is not stated in the article itself. --Biaothanatoi 23:17, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
* In my reviews and re-workings of some of the sections, I noticed a tendency for the inclusion of entries in which the 'satanic' aspects were tenuous, or an extremely minor note in the news articles themselves. I'm inclined to say leave out entries when the 'satanic ritual' elements are not extremely significant, if not central to the cases. A father abusing his child and mentioning satan once isn't really SRA in my mind. WLU 15:18, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
* In this case the original allegations were full of satanic ritual elements and the police investigation also seems to have concentrated on those elements. But all the satanic ritual allegations were withdrawn, while an official investigation found tht there was substantial abuse of a non-satanic nature. Itsmejudith 16:30, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
* Blech. Re-wrote it. The 'satanic' nature of the lewis investigation is really glosssed over in the news articles in favour of the incompetence or inappropriate focus of the investigators. I've tried to focus on this, rather than the 'satanic' nature, since the SRA aspects really are essentially discarded. The Scotsman reference didn't seem to justify anything, and certainly not the statement a police spokesperson stressed that there numerous other witnesses and complainants in the case (acutal quote from the article - "Extremely serious allegations were made in this difficult and complex case, by a number of witnesses. It was necessary for such serious allegations, involving children under the age of 16, to be thoroughly investigated." I've commented it out, but if there is consensus that it needs to be changed, go ahead. The word satan/satanic appears about once in each article, and then is quietly dropped. WLU 17:35, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
* Where is the disjunction between my summary of the spokesperson's statement and the spokesperson's statement? She refers to multiple witnesses and complainants in fairly strong terms. Provide a direct quote if you object, but I can't see grounds for your criticism.
* WLU states that including the police response to the witness's accusation of coercion is "apologist" when I would have presumed that presenting both sides of an argument lends balance to the article. Why should the witness' claim be considered relevant if the police counter-claim is not?--Biaothanatoi 23:17, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
The references really don't support the idea that there was a satanic ring on the island or in Lewis - a bunch of predators, yes, people abusing their kids, yes, but the Satanic elements really don't seem justified. From The Observer, Angela Stretton, whose evidence was vital in bringing a case of satanic sex abuse against eight people on the island of Lewis, has written to police confessing that some of the allegations she made were false. Especially considering the entire thing has essentially been discarded, to have an extensive discussion based on discarded allegations of abuse in which the 'satanic' aspects are glossed over or barely mentioned seems undue. We could take it to a RFC, really the whole page needs a RFC. Anyway, the situation was full of allegations, none of which were proven. Anyway, the whole thing screams for more sources, so here, here, here (original source preferred), WLU 00:02, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
* Again, you are relying on the emphasis given to the Satanic rituals in a single solitary article regarding the recantation of one witness, but I've pointed you to other sources which indicate that Satanic rituals were amongst the 220 abusive incidences substantiated by investigators.
* It seems that undue weight is being given to the recantation of one witness, such as to infer that all charges were based on her testimony. In fact, the govt report indicated that the three children at the centre of the case were the primary complainants and witnesses, and the primary source of the Satanic allegations.
* There is a lot of supposition going on amongst editors in this case, and too much reliance on a single article, without considering the facts proferred by all media coverage on this case. --Biaothanatoi 00:14, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
* Which sources do you think indicate that the investigators substantiated instances of Satanic rituals? I think we are agreed, aren't we, that the police investigation was mishandled. We should look at the terms of reference of the subsequent enquiry, and see if we can find the report itself. Itsmejudith 21:20, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
* Agreed, the newspaper reports hardly portray a damning indication of active Satanists on Lewis. The SRA aspects appear to be mentioned simply because they were mentioned earlier. Given the news articles, you can't really say much about the SRA aspects because the articles don't say much about the SRA aspects. Needs more sources! By my reading, there's two soures saying the investigation was inconclusive, two saying an important witness recounted her testimony, and two saying the procedures followed were bogus. The 2005 investigation did find extensive evidence of abuse, but I don't recall mention of extensive evidence of Satanic abuse. WLU 21:42, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
* The enquiry report is online at http://www.swia.gov.uk/swia/files/An%20inspection%20into%20the%20care%20and%20protection%20of%20children%20in%20Eilean%20Siar.pdf. It documents in great detail a history of abuse within families, in which children's symptoms went unnoticed and their statements were ignored. It uses both the terms "disclosure" and "allegation". It makes no mention at all of any satanic dimension to the abuse. It mentions "ritual" only in the following context:
* "In all interviews Mrs A was accompanied by an appropriate adult. She described in detail severe and prolonged abuse of her children by a number of adults. She was interviewed over a period of seven months. Towards the end of the period she described abuse of her children and others as part of various rituals conducted by numbers of adults. She was eventually advised by her appropriate adult to stop describing abuse. In her precognition statement she retracted her allegations against two of the former accused. We found no record of Mrs A being assessed by a psychologist as to her ability to be a witness. The impact of her learning disability appears never to have been determined."
* My interpretation of this is that the report authors were concerned that this witness may have begun to exaggerate or invent material about rituals after prolonged questioning by police, questioning that took no account of her learning disability. This is the witness that is mentioned in the newspaper accounts as having retracted her statement - she was also involved in the neglect and abuse of her own children. I'm not suggesting that my interpretation should go into the article. What I'm wondering now is whether this case belongs in the article at all. This report is a highly reliable source and it does not only not say that SRA took place, it does not raise the question at all, it does not discuss whether the police investigation considered it, it does not say that the child witnesses mentioned it (even though it goes into great detail about what the children did say at different times). I cannot find mention either of children selling sex, although it may be somewhere in the report - it may not be relevant anyway. Would others like to read the report and discuss? Itsmejudith 23:13, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
* The report is very specific that Mrs A retracted her allegations against "two of the former accused". It does not state that she retracted all her allegations, or her allegations regarding the ritual abuse, nor does it state that she was the sole complainant in relation to the ritual abuse. A number of editors here have sought to make that inference here, but it is not supported by the report and it should not be made in the article.
* Disclosures of child prostitution come from p 102: "Caitlin and Alice were also interviewed on separate occasions. They described sexual abuse by male and female adults including family members. They described money changing hands between adults after they were abused."
* The media has made much of the disclosures regarding Satanic activity, but the social work report has not, although it does note it in the passage you provide. The fact that the Satanic allegations were widely publicised, the fact that the ritualistic activity is noted in the social work report, the fact that these allegations remain on the public record, and the fact that the organised abuse of the complainant children has been substantiated - all of these facts suggest to me that this case is relevant to the debate on SRA as a whole.
* It is also worth noting that the previously misleading material on this case was not challenged here as long as it inferred that the abuse allegations had no basis in fact. Now that this has been corrected, we find the relevance of the case to the article as a whole is challenged - a repeated pattern on this page in relation to organised abuse cases that include SRA allegations.
* Why does false and misleading material on SRA cases go unchallenged here as long as it supports the view that the case is fabricated?--Biaothanatoi (talk) 04:10, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
* Please assume good faith Biaothanatoi. These are complex cases that are difficult to summarise. I haven't left anything unchallenged but as and when I have time (and I am editing other articles such as solar energy), reading the reliable sources to which I have easy access and trying to make sure that they are accurately reflected in the article. As a point of fact the enquiry report did not "note ritualistic activity" as you say above. It only mentioned in passing that one witness's statements, taken in circumstances of which it was highly critical, mentioned that element. All the reports in the serious press keep separate a) the idea that there was child abuse in one family or a group of families on Orkney and b) the idea that some of that abuse was ritualistic in nature. a) is not proven in law but was found by the social work inspectors, b) was apparently suggested by one or more witnesses, but has never been investigated except in a way that ignored the vulnerability of the witnesses and destroyed the chance of the case ever coming to court. We also must keep these ideas separate. Itsmejudith (talk) 08:36, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
* Abuse was found to span more then one family, and ritualitsic abuse was a feature of some disclosures in the case. Those are two facts established by the social work report.
* Much of your commentary is based on your own supposition and finds no support in the report e.g. The social work report does not make an assessment of the nature of the policy inquiry into the ritualistic allegations, and yet you appear to claim otherwise.
* I agree that cases of organised abuse are very complex, which is why we should resist the urge to "fill in the blanks" on a situation that we don't have all the information on. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 01:19, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
Preview header
The PDF provided by IMJ is by far the most reliable source we've got on this case. In it, 'satan' is not mentioned at all, and 'ritual' is mentioned once, as noted above. What kind of rituals were they? Satanic? Voodoo? Puja? There's no clarification. If the Satanic aspects were widely publicised, we must find those public sources and cite them, because the ones we have right now don't say much. The document does not support the idea that SRA occurred in Lewis, though it does support the fact that allegations were made (then withdrawn) for a variety of types of abuse, one of which was SRA. Some paraphilias involve extremely detailed rituals, that does not make them satanic. In this case, there is no indication of a supernatural, religious or occult basis to any allegations.
With the sources we have right now, all we can say is that allegations of SRA have occurred, at least one witness has recanted them, and the investigators were criticized for botching things. It's not a matter of 'the case being fabricated or not', it's a matter of summarizing what the sources give us, and that's not much. Wikipedia will not, and can not due to policy, prove that SRA is real or not, in this case or any others; sources attempt to do that. The sources have minimal mention of stanic abuse in them - the Herald mentions it once: The Guardian thrice: Other relevant sections:
* 1) Allegations soon emerged of ritual abuse - a Satanic paedophile ring with echoes of similar allegations uncovered in Orkney and Cleveland
* 1) Headline - Satanic abuse key witness says: I lied
* 2) Angela Stretton, whose evidence was vital in bringing a case of satanic sex abuse against eight people on the island of Lewis, has written to police confessing that some of the allegations she made were false.
* 3) For reasons which have never been explained, the authorities instead focused their inquiries on allegations of an island-wide satanic abuse ring.
* 1) The developments have raised critical questions about the handling of the investigation and whether lessons have been learnt by the police and social workers following false allegations of ritual child abuse in the Orkney, Rochdale and Cleveland scandals.
* 2) In Lewis, eight people, including a 75- year-old grandmother, appeared in court accused of raping and otherwise sexually abusing children in black magic rituals. The court was told of wife-swapping orgies and the sacrifices of cats and chickens whose blood was drunk. [paragraph break] The case made international news. Yet it was quietly dropped nine months later with no explanation ...
The Scotsman thrice: The SWIA report mentions 'ritual' once:
* 1) Headline - Police deny pressuring 'satanic abuse' witness
* 2) POLICE yesterday rejected claims they put undue pressure on a key witness in a satanic abuse investigation on the Isle of Lewis, after she admitted lying to detectives following days of intense questioning.
* 3) Despite that, social work inspectors found more than 220 incidents of abuse between 1990 and 2000 - including allegations of satanic rituals - involving at least four adults.
* 1) Towards the end of the period she described abuse of her children and others as part of various rituals conducted by numbers of adults.
That is what we have to work with so lets build the Lewis section out of this. The rest of the articles' and the report's contents discuss abuse, but do not single out SRA. They do case doubt on the testimony as a witness. I've underlined the points which I believe demonstrate that an interpretation of 'a SRA ring existed on Lewis' does not belong in the article. Again, all of the Satanic aspects are cited as 'allegations', not proof. For better or worse, this is what we have to work with. I think we should try to get the article up to a higher standard, then ask for a RFC on the whole thing. WLU (talk) 15:19, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
* This report may be helpful although there is a slight contradiction with the Guardian article, in that the Guardian states that allegations of satanic ritual were made in court whereas the Scotland on Sunday article implies that they were not, but only contained in reports which they had been shown by the police. Itsmejudith (talk) 21:10, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
* The key line for me from that article is "A police report on the Lewis case, seen by Scotland on Sunday, appears to show that there was some evidence of abuse not related to Satanism, including inappropriate touching and indecent pictures of juveniles kept on a computer. " The only thing I think we can say about Lewis is that allegations were made, a witness retracted them, and the case has been dismissed. WLU (talk) 21:23, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
* That is an inadequate summary of the facts, WLU. What we can say is that the children's allegations of organised abuse over a ten year period were substantiated and this included abuse inside and outside the family by male and female perpetrators. One adult witness who corroborated the children's accounts has since retracted a portion of her statement.
* At no point does the social work report state that Miss A was the sole witness in relation to the ritualistic activity, or that Miss A specifically retracted the portion of her statement related to the ritualistic activity.
* As for your statement that the case has been 'dismissed' - what does this mean, WLU? Dismissed by who, and when? It seems to me that the case has been subject to a government investigation, which found the children's complaints to have been true. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 01:23, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* Organized abuse does not equal SRA. A pedophile ring aren't satanists (unless they're satanic pedophiles). The social work report also does not help include the idea of SRA being in the article; satan's not mentioned. I'm not arguing that the children's complaints of abuse are not true, I'm arguing that the complaints of satanic abuse are tenuous. This page is about satanic ritual abuse, there are other pages discussing other types of abuse. We should be focussing on the satanic aspects (oh, if my mother could see what I'm typing now...), not whether the abuse overall happened. To portray it as 'abuse happened therefore the SRA happened' would be original research in my mind, a synthesis that is not allowed. WLU (talk) 22:11, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* I'm happy to see this article reflect the ambiguities of this case - in fact, it would be constructive and informative for the reader if it did so. For instance, it would be accurate to state that sadistic and organised abuse has been substantiated, and that ritualistic forms of abuse were alleged, however these claims have not been contested in a court of law - or words to that effect.
* I'm not claiming that SRA occured because organised abuse occurred. What I'm saying is that it is significant that the children's disclosures of organised abuse were substantiated, even whilst claims regarding satanic or ritualistic features remain uncertain. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 22:16, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
Well-researched?
An Empirical Look at the Ritual Abuse Controversy has so many misspelled words, that I would question the research. It's possible that it's ra-info.org's fault, rather than the researcher's, so it's not enough to remove the link, but you might want to let them know. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 03:51, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
* There is nothing in this internet paper that reassures us that it is a good source. If the author is a researcher in the field then he will have published papers in peer-reviewed journals that can be cited instead. Otherwise, I don't think the source should stand. Itsmejudith 21:17, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
* It appears to be well-referenced. And if this one http://www.smwane.dk/ is allowed to be on the page, then the ra-info one IMO appears to be better researched and more reputable.Abuse truth 03:30, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
* I removed both, and the conviction list, which I still fail to see the point of. Sure it's got references, but to what? It's a listing of newspaper clipping summaries, in which the ritual and satanic aspects are sometimes very dubious (child pornography and cannibalism are indeed horrific, but are not satanic in and of themselves). Anwyay, we can discuss. The Empirical Look paper should have been an inline citation linked to the conference abstract rather than an external link. I've sent Noblitt an e-mail to see if he can provide us something actually citable - right now it's verging on a personal webpage, and its eligibility for inclusion in the article at all is questionable. WLU 16:35, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
* I've added back Conviction List: Ritual Child Abuse for now. IMO, it is important to show that these kinds of cases have occurred in the legal system and this appears to be the best list available. It also adds balance to the article. Abuse truth (talk) 23:20, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
* I disagree, I think it unbalances the article. WP:EL, by my understanding, actually calls for a higher standard than WP:RS, but at minimum, a link should be a reliable source if it's asserting information. I don't think it's useful and previous approval doesn't make it permanent. As always, there's the option of a WP:RFC to settle it. WLU (talk) 02:55, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
* At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:EL#Avoid_undue_weight_on_particular_points_of_view
* it states - Avoid undue weight on particular points of view
* On articles with multiple points of view, the number of links dedicated to one point of view should not overwhelm the number dedicated to other equal points of view, nor give undue weight to minority views. Add comments to these links informing the reader of their point of view. If one point of view dominates informed opinion, that should be represented first. For more information, see Wikipedia:Neutral point of view—in particular, Wikipedia's guidelines on undue weight
* Having the Lanning link alone definitely gives undue weight to a POV. It is from religioustolerance.org, IMO a POV site. Lanning has also been criticized for ignoring certain cases and not doing sufficient or any investigative work on the subject. I will be adding the ra-info site back for now. Abuse truth (talk) 23:36, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
The actual guideline from WP:UNDUE states that minority viewpoints should be given less coverage than the mainstream ones. Currently, the mainstream view by my reading is that SRA is greatly blown out of proportion, and the extreme view (that there's widespread cults dedicated towards ritual sex and murder that are dedicated to 'Satanic worship') is pretty much bogus. Ergo, that should be reflected in the page and the links Please don't add the link back until the discussion is complete and consensus is reached. I'd say the report on SRA is definitely notable, the RT.org site is the resource. The other link is, as I've said before, a collection of news reports, some of which are extremely tenuously related to actual SRA, and there's no weblinks to the source articles themselves. I don't think it's a good link. It's a summary of news reports, verging on a personal website that happens to collect summaries of said articles, with no way of knowing if the summaries are accurate. WLU (talk) 00:46, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
* Even if you are right, less coverage however doesn't mean no coverage. Having only one POV link does not accurately reflect the media coverage or journal articles. The page deleted does not take an extreme viewpoint. If Lanning did ignore certain cases, than how do we know if his work is credible. IMO, the Lanning link either needs to be balanced or the entire section deleted. Abuse truth (talk) 23:50, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
* If you want to include a 'pro' link, find a reliable one. Lanning's is published by the FBI accademy. It's credible because its attributable to a person and it's published by a government publishing house. I think it should stay because it is too lengthy to quote or include in the article, yet contains the thought process of an investigator who worked in this area for over 10 years, who is employed in a national training academy for law enforcement. The other was a summary and combination of newspaper articles from all over the world, that did not have links to the articles themselves, ergo no way to check they're accurate, containing doubtful (in my mind) conflation of specific cases of abuse with SRA based on dubious evidence. The 'conviction list' also states at the top "The ritualistic aspects of the crimes often are not presented in court but are clearly indicated in the victims' accounts." At the bottom of the second page it states "Granting an appeal for a new trial does not constitute a ruling that the crime for which the defendant was originally tried could not have been committed." In my mind, the page assumes the individuals are guilty, then conflates any mention of possible 'indicators' of SRA to assume abuse, all without giving original context. I think it's out, due to this section, point 2. WLU (talk) 15:30, 19 November 2007 (UTC)
* Actually, it's my understanding that Lanning's report was not published or endorsed by the FBI. It was simply a paper that the Lanning wrote and disseminated himself. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 01:07, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* I believe that Biaothanatoi is correct. The article was first printed in "Out of darkness: Exploring satanism and ritual abuse." (Sakheim, David K. and Devine, Susan, Eds.) (1992) Lexington Books/Macmillan: NY, NY. Lanning, Kenneth V. "A law-enforcement perspective on allegations of ritual abuse." pp. 109-146. I have the book. There is no mention that the article was ever published by "the FBI accademy." To me, the article looks like it is simply his opinion with a few sources thrown in at the end.
* As WLU stated on a different talk page:
* "The figures and claims should be backed by the most reliable sources available - if not a peer-reviewed journal, then a peer-reviewed book or book published by a university press or other publisher with oversight on the contents of books" and "publication in a lay-book bypasses the peer review process, but publication in a valid publisher with oversight and review over the contents would be valid. If they're quoting a journal publication, that should be the source, not the book, and include the pubmed ID or other abstract-available weblink."
* If we hold all sources up to these guidelines, then Lanning's article does not hold up.
* I am also confused that this link :
* http://www.ra-info.org/library/programming/noblitt.shtml An Empirical Look at the Ritual Abuse Controversy was previously rejected by the same editors at this page. Yet it contains "the thought process of an investigator who worked in this area for over" 20 years and one that is well-published in the field. This article, unlike the Lanning one, footnotes every statement. If we lower our standards for the Lanning article, then other articles from a different POV should be allowed to stand as well.Abuse truth (talk) 03:11, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* The quality of a source should not be judged by whether we think there is adequate footnoting or not. There are only two points to consider in relation to the Lanning article:
* 1) Is Lexington Books/Macmillan an academic/reputable publisher? If it is part of Macmillan, then it would seem yes.
* 2) Is the online version an accurate representation of the original book chapter? I don't know that and would be interested to read editors' opinions.
* There is no need to compare one book with many footnotes and another without. Lanning is/was a top professional in his field and may write from his professional experience. Another writer may make a review of academic literature. Both are relevant and should if possible be reflected in the article. Itsmejudith (talk) 15:20, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* I e-mailed Noblitt, he said it was a conference abstract part of a self-published book, as well as part of another book. I've asked him if it was ever peer-reviewed before any of the publications, if I get a reply that's documentable, I'll post a link. Though I could not find reference to this publication by Lanning on the FBI reports site, there were numerous other mentions of Lanning on the site, and the report itself appears to be referenced many times in reliable sources. If Lanning's report was published in full by Lexington Books (a university press? Is there editorial oversight?), that does make it a reliable source, and the religious tolerance website is just a convenient way of citing it. Depending on other concerns, Lanning's report may not be eligible for being an EL, I don't have time to comment right now. It's already an in-line citation, but I think there's merit in it being an EL as well as. We'll have to discuss, but it'd be a case of WP:IAR. Apologies, I've got to be running. WLU (talk) 22:07, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* Lanning's paper was not published or endorsed by the FBI, although many people erroneously believe it to be so. Lanning wrote and circulated it himself. You might note that Lanning's paper does not follow a standard report format - there is no literature review, no overview of his methodology, and no attempt to explain to his readers how he came to his conclusions. In effect, it is simply Lanning's personal reflections on his experiences investigating child abuse, in relation to claims in the sensationalist media relating to a "Satanic conspiracy" etc.
* Lanning's chapter in Out Of Darkness is not a reprinting of his report - in fact, he states explicitly in Out Of Darknes that ritualistic and satanic forms of abuse do occur in sexually abusive groups, but he challenges the notion that the ritualistic abuse is a "religious" or "cult" activity.
* ReligiousTolerance.org is not a reliable source for a number of obvious reasons. The authors have no experience or credentials in any of the matters that they write about, they have never been published anywhere else except on their own website, and they claim to be "Consultants" but I've never seen any evidence that they've ever been paid for what they do e.g. Their claim to be "consultants" is actually false, and they are nothing of the kind. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 22:26, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* As far as WP:IAR goes, we should include both Noblitt's and the ra-info court case article. Both can be helpful to readers in seeing different sides of the issue. "When reputable sources contradict one another, the core of the NPOV policy is to let competing approaches exist on the same page."Abuse truth (talk) 04:45, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
WP:IAR means there is no 'should', it means we discuss until we decide what rules to ignore. Noblitt could be used as an in-line citation, it's short enough for that. Lanning's article is included as an EL because it is so long, it can't really be used as simply a soure, or more accurately, it's a good, lengthy discourse on the subject. The RA court cases are not reliable sources in any way by my reading. I think IAR could apply for Lanning because it's cited many times in actual scientific literature but it's not published itself in a form I can find. It's used as a reliable source by reliable sources, giving it credibility, and it's written by an expert in the area (Lanning is indeed an employee of the FBI). Thus I venture to IAR because even though a strict interpretation of WP:RS and WP:EL would bar Lanning from being included as an EL, it's sufficiently material, of such length, and used in such a way elsewhere (i.e. as if it were a RS), that it's worth keeping. Noblitt isn't lengthy and could easily be an inline citation. The court cases are not reliable, the are the interpretation of whoever posts to the website (and I don't know who maintains it, so it's not attributable) and I find their interpretations suspect in more than one instance. It is useful as a source of sources (and apparently has been used as such, because I notice the news articles it cites have appeared quite frequently on the SRA page proper several times), but should not itself be cited or appear as an external link. Bring all three up at Talk:WP:EL, WP:RS and WP:IAR if you'd like, or as a RFC, or ask some admins for their opinion, be sure to post a link to the discussion here. WLU (talk) 18:05, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
* As per WLU's suggestion, have made Noblitt article a citation. Have added another EL that adds NPOV to EL section.Abuse truth (talk) 04:48, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* The current use of the Noblitt article doesn't really say anything, and I don't know about putting it in the lead, but it's better than as an EL. The second link, going by its description, shouldn't be an EL - the description stated it was a poll about how many people in Utah believe in SRA. That's not a good EL, though the contents may be more appropriate. If you've a reference and you're not sure where to put it, the EL section is not a good place to go. It does look like a near-ideal source for the body text. It'd be nice if we could get it right from the Utah government site if possible. Report of Utah State Task Force on Ritual Abuse - May 1992 WLU (talk) 12:09, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* Have added the Utah link instead as a reference.Abuse truth (talk) 20:06, 24 November 2007 (UTC)
The Netherlands section
Given the scrutiny being paid to the Lewis case, do editors also want to read the Netherlands section and make a call regarding the relevance of much of the material to the article in general?
I've voiced some concern in the past that the material is speculative, POV, and largely reproduces the arguments of pro-incest advocate Benjamin Rossen's coverage of the case. Many of the quoted sources are too general to apply specifically to the Netherlands or SRA (e.g. Stanley Cohen's "Moral Panic", published in the 60s), or else they are in Dutch and we can't assess their credibility, or whether they are being quoting them accurately. Much of his account is speculative in relation to the cause of claims of SRA in the Netherlands or why there have been relatively few of them in comparison to the States. What relevance does this have to the article as a whole? It is clearly one person's POV.
His account of Oude Pekala contains a number of ambiguities. For instance, he notes that the psychiatrist and the two doctors who examined the children, have stated that they informed the police that the children disclosed ritualistic abuse, and that the parents of the children have also claimed that they informed the police of their children's ritualistic disclosures. The editor then states that the authorities "would have denied" being told of these allegations. This statement is unclear - have the authorities denied such a thing? Or is the editor postulating that they "would" deny being told if they were asked?
The attendant physicians in the Oude Pekala case, Jonker and Jonker-Bakker, have published their medical findings in English, peer-reviewed journals, where they indicate that there were clear findings of psychological and physical harm amongst the complainant children in the Oude Pekala. The editor in question has blocked a summary of their research findings, stating instead that these findings have been "heavily criticised" - but he does not tell us on what grounds or why. Putnam may feel that their research is "inflammatory" but he does not question the methodology of the research.
I'd like to see some balance from editors here in terms of the scrutiny that they apply to cases of SRA. The Netherlands material is long, rambling, and clearly POV. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 01:58, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* I agree that this needs reviewing. The Cohen book, outstanding sociology though it is, is not relevant here. The trouble is, few of us read Dutch. Itsmejudith (talk) 15:22, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* We don't need to read Dutch to correct this section. There are numerous factual inaccuracies and unsupported (and unsupportable) POV assertions throughout the article. I'm also concerned that the editor in question who wrote this material knew intimate details about the life of Benjamin Rossen that are not, to my knowledge, in the public domain. Given Rossen's writings for the pro-paedophile Journal of Paedophilia, editors here should be concerned about the possibility that someone friendly with Rossen is writing on child abuse for Wikipedia. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 22:19, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* Much of the speculative analysis here is attributed to "Tjalling Beetstra", a doctoral candidate writing in the Netherlands on satanic ritual abuse. Is this editor the same person, and is he referencing himself? --Biaothanatoi (talk) 23:03, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* Just checked over Beetstra's biography, and he was born in 1963. Interesting, because the editor responsible for this section on the Netherlands is called Criminologist1963. Seems like Beetstra is using Wikipedia as his own little self-promotion vehicle.
* What is the appropriate course of action here? --Biaothanatoi (talk) 23:08, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
Recent changes
I'm trying to figure out who removed recent research findings from the section on DID, and posted instead a fifteen-year-old paper by Richard Ofshe on the Paul Ingram case.
Ofshe is a founder of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation, and his theories on the Paul Ingram case (on which the new source is based) were thrown out of court by the trial judge as unscientific and bizarre. Please read this overview of the case for more information on the methodological and logical flaws in Ofshe's account.
It is difficult to understand why recent research findings on memory and trauma were deleted in favour of a fifteen-year-old paper on a falsified case study by a founding member of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 22:36, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* Probably me, in this edit. The Ofshe paper I just threw in because I found it on pubmed. I've no problem with taking that clause out. There's a bunch of commented out stuff in that paragraph, I have some concerns about the resources being used either inappropriately or as a synthesis. Unless the article about PTSD mentions SRA or DID in a very specific context, I can't see a reason to include it. WLU (talk) 23:30, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* I'd frankly be happy to delete the entire section on DID - it's only there as a hang-over from the previous article.
* Can you please substantiate your concerns about 'synthesis' before acting on them? It is not good faith to delete material on the basis of a suspicion if you have no actual grounds to do so. I'm hearing consistent concerns about 'synthesis' in relation to my material, but editors have yet to demonstrate - just once - where this has taken place.
* It would also be appreciated if you could hold your own editing to the standards that you set for others. You deleted recent research findings in favour of an old (and falsified) case study to make a generalisation about the nature of memory. A case study is an inadequate source for such a generalisation, particularly when it is fifteen years old and contradicted by recent research.
* In this particular case, the author is a founding member of a fringe activist group constituted of people accused of sexual abuse, and his paper advanced an argument that was thrown out of court by a judge as unscientific and bizarre. The subject of the article, Paul Ingram, was not only found guilty and went to jail, but he confessed to his involvement in SRA, and his son requesteed in 1997 that his father be denied parole, since he was a 'dangerous' man.
* Please show more care before you delete relevant material and "throw in" a random article that you stumble across. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 23:52, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
Criminologist1963, Tjalling Beetstra, and self-promotion
The Netherlands section is a cut-and-paste job from the Duth Wiki site by an editor called Criminologist1963, and you'll note that much of the article is cited to a Duth PhD candidate called Tjalling Beetstra. There are some interesting similarities between Criminologist1963 and Tjalling Beetstra that I'd like to raise here. They are both Dutch, they both study "Satanic Ritual Abuse", they both claim to be criminologists, and they were both born in 1963.
Criminologist1963 cites Beetstra as an authoritative source no less then three times, then mentions Beetstra as an expert in the article itself, and provides a link to Beetstra's website, which advertises his services as an 'expert' on SRA. It seems likely to me that Crim1963 is Beetstra, and this raises issues regarding Beetstra's use of Wikipedia to promote himself, and his conflict of interest in editing this article.
Criminologist1963 has consistently rejected attempts to change this article, even though factual inaccuracies have been established in his account. Looking back over the changes that he blocked, they were all changes that deleted Beetstra's name or the link to his commercial website. It seems that Crim1963 has a financial interest in maintaining this portion of the SRA website and preventing other editors from contributing, even where his information has been established as factually incorrect.
I think this is a clear-cut case of self-promotion and conflict of interest. What do other editors think? --Biaothanatoi (talk) 23:25, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* I'm not concerned about possible COI without direct evidence, but the weblink doesn't work for me. If the references support the statements, it should stay (though it does appear to be quite long considering it's a single incident). Irrespective, Beetstra's name should be removed (no reason to put up a non-notable name) and if the reference is just a webpage and not a peer-reviewed source, the whole section it justifies should be removed. Really, the webpage is irrelevant, without a book, book chapter or journal, the section should be removed. I'm working on it now. WLU (talk) 23:47, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
* I would have presumed that this is a prima faci case of COI - it is reasonable to presume that Crim1963 and Beetstra are the same person (Dutch, 'criminologists', specialise in SRA from a skeptical POV, born in 1963), therefore Beetstra added himself to the article without declaring himself as the author, included a link to a website where he advertises his commercial services, and then ridiculed other editors if they attempted to delete the reference to him without making it clear that he had a financial interest in those links. Biaothanatoi (talk) 00:01, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
* I re-worked it, as you suspected, it deserved to be a much shorter section and there's no reason to mention Beetstra. The report itself does sound interesting as a source though. WLU (talk) 00:01, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
* Cheers. Agreed that the report sounds interesting - we had a similar report published in Australia in 1994, although it concluded that SRA did exist.
* I'll take a look at the article and include some material about Jonker and Jonker-Bakker - they published four articles that I know of documenting their experiences of the Oude Pekela incident, including findings of medical, psychosocial and pscyhological harm drawn from a ten year cohort study of the complainant children. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 00:06, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
If you reference them make sure you use the template, [18] is Jonker/Jonker Bakker (1991). Otherwise, have a go at finding it on pubmed and using the citation generators - they're incredibly easy and incredibly handy. I think there's already a ref name template -. WLU (talk) 02:04, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
* Reworking looks good, thanks WLU. Are we sure all the remaining sources are scholarly? Itsmejudith (talk) 20:57, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
* Jonker-Bakker and Putnam are genuine, they're in peer-reviewed journals with PUBMED numbers. The Tijdsein ref with Beetstra as an author I have no idea (can't read Dutch and haven't looked for it due to time constraints; I could ask User:Jfdwolff to look into it - he's an admin and speaks Dutch) but I'm agf-ing that it's genuine. Pretty much the exact same comment goes for the Werkgroep reference, but I'd love to get my hands on a translated copy. Werkgroep is not scholarly, but it's reliable and appropriate for for the citations used (assuming the background is correct, it's a government publication on SRA in the Netherlands). Non-scholarly sources are OK, as long as they're reliable. WLU (talk) 22:09, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
Since Fred Jonker and Ietje Jonker-Bakker are still seen as the experts on satanic ritual abuse by you and it seems that your conviction is only based on the fact that they published articles in the International Journal on Child Abuse and Neglect, please read the article of Frank Putnam that was published in the same journal. On page 176 Putnam says about the article of Jonker and Jonker-Bakker: Throughout this paper, the authors express a firm and unwavering conviction that these acts did in fact happen and were accurately described by the children, although parents and police expressed disbelief and ultimately the case was closed for lack of evidence. (...) Repeatedly the Jonker and Jonker-Bakker paper implies that many or all of the children reported a similar experience, but never once actually gives the percentage of children responding positively or negatively. On page 177 Putnam adds: Nowhere is there a systematic analysis of the actual degree of similarity of these allegations. On page 178 Putnam continues: The most frightening image emerging from this paper is not the alleged satanic conspiracy, but the actual massive social disorder that occured in Oude Pekela. Jonker and Jonker-Bakker describe a community turned against itself, filled with fear, anger, and distrust. Ultimately the national government had to intervene to restore some measure of convidence in the local authorities. (...) The Jonker and Jonker-Bakker paper is particularly inflammatory in this regard, repeatedly stating or implying, without specifying and actual evidence, that the police were, at best, incompetent, unqualified, and neglectful. Therefore Putnam concludes on page 178: In the future, unsubstantiated charges of police or government incompetence or neglect in the handling of satanic ritual abuse investigations should not be published in professionals journals as they only serve to erode public and professional trust in the law enforcement community. Putnam, Frank W., The Satanic Ritual Abuse Controversy, in: International Journal on Child Abuse and Neglect, Vol. 15, Nr. 3, 1991, p. 175-179. Finally I want to point out that in the Netherlands Jonker and Jonker-Bakker are not and have never been seen as the experts on satanic ritual abuse.
* Jonker and Jonker-Bakker have never claimed to be experts on satanic ritual abuse. Their articles refer specifically to their clinical experiences of the Oude Pekela case and the cohort study of children that developed from that case.
* What you are highlighting between Putnam and Jonker/Jonker-Bakker is a differing point of view, not a criticism of their methodology or analysis. Putnam's own stance on satanic ritual abuse has been criticised elsewhere. That is simply the nature of academic debate, particularly on contentious issues like this.
* Wikipedia asks us to maintance balance, and so it is necessary to report on Jonker and Jonker-Bakker's findings, since they are of significance to the case. What you have attempted to do, instead, is suppress Jonker and Jonker-Bakker's findings - and we have established here that you had an undisclosed commercial and professional interest in doing so, Beetstra. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 23:43, 25 November 2007 (UTC)
Here is some additional information about the Dutch sources I have used in the section about the Netherlands:
''Aanh. Hand. II, 1992-1993, Nr. 770'' - an official document from the Dutch parliament: It contains questions of members of parliament to the minister of Health and the answers of this minister.
Maandblad Geestelijke volksgezondheid - a monthly journal for psychologists and psychiatrists. In the case of satanic ritual abuse mpd therapists and believers as well as critics and sceptics have published in this magazine. I used publications from the mpd movement as well as from critics and sceptics in the chapter about the Netherlands.
Multiple Personality Disorder in the Netherlands: A Study on Reliability and Validity of the Diagnosis - Suzette Boon and Nel Draijer conducted this study. It was also the dissertation of Boon.
Massahysterie in de Verenigde Staten en Nederland: De affaire rond de McMartin Pre-School en het ontuchtschandaal in Oude Pekela, in: Peter Burger and Willem Koetsenruijter (Eds.), Mediahypes en moderne sagen: Sterke verhalen in het nieuws, Leiden, Stichting Neerlandistiek Leiden, 2004 - a comparative analyses of the McMartin Pre-School case and the debauchery scandal in Oude Pekela by Tjalling Beetstra. The book contains the lectures of a congress about mediahypes at the University of Leiden.
Rapport van de Werkgroep Ritueel Misbruik - official report of the workgroup that was installed by the state secretary of Justice in reaction to the broadcast of the television newsmagazine Nova concerning satanic ritual abuse.
Tijdsein is a television newsmagazine.
My account about satanic ritual abuse in the Netherlands is, apart from a few omissions, a translating job of the Dutch Wikipedia page. The reason is very simple: I wrote both the Dutch text and the English text. As you can see, the Dutch text is written by Criminoloog1963 and the English text by Criminologist1963. Translation of my own Dutch text on Wikipedia is not a violation of any policy or guideline of Wikipedia. Criminologist1963 (talk) 19:04, 24 November 2007 (UTC)
* It is a violation of Wikipedia guidelines to use this site to promote a commercial service, Beetstra. In this case, you have attempted to use WP to promote your services as a self-appointed "expert" in satanic ritual abuse, which is why your edits have been removed. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 23:43, 25 November 2007 (UTC)
* I removed the massive dump of information to the Netherlands section - the whole thing was far too detailed considering what it was - the sources ultimately stated that the allegations were bogus. It's therefore unnecessary in my mind to have a multi-paragraph discussion of what is described (by its own author) as a tempest in a teapot. If it's nothing, it gets the same mention as other nothing incidents - short, referenced discussion. If the Netherlands involvement in the SRA phenomenon is of sufficient interest and detail, it can be spun off in its own article with a main in this one. Further, if Beetstra's work is ever published in a reliable source, it can be quoted. The inclusion of a link to a personal webpage is clearly out per WP:RS. The fact that it doesn't even link to a research portion of the page (not that any research reported there would be eligible for inclusion in the page) makes it look like spam. I don't care if it's self-promotion or other-promotion, it's spam and is not suitable for inclusion in the page. If Beetstra can't get published in journals, he certainly can't get published here. WLU (talk) 15:36, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
New source
http://blogs.theaustralian.news.com.au/garyhughes/index.php/theaustralian/comments/ritual_abuse_real_or_not/ - it's a blog, so there needs be some digging to see if they could be considered a reliable source. It is a blog of a senior writer of a national newspaper I believe. WLU 01:31, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* Trying to find Bottoms, Shaver and Goodman. Found this and this and this and this and this and this one available as pdf and this, the only ref I found to B, S & G 1993 on google scholar was to a conference ( Repressed memory and allegations of ritual and religion-related child abuse; GS Goodman, J Qin, BL Bottoms, PR Shaver - Clark Conference on Memories of Trauma, Worchester, MA, 1993). Does anyone have an actual citation that would let us see the original work? WLU 01:41, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* this, this. Also, if the B, S & G is cited in the book, but the book does not contain the full article, the better thing to do is provide the full citation, perhaps with an 'as cited in' and then the book citation. WLU 01:45, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* The citation has been fixed. Abuse truth 02:10, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* Lurvely. Have a gander at WP:TALK, it'll help standardize your talk page comments so they look like everyone else's - makes it easier to read. WLU 02:16, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
General comments on references
I'm again slogging through the article attempting to standardize the referencing. When adding or reorganizaing material, please consider using citation templates. They are extremely easy to generate, using the following tools:
* - generates a cite journal template requiring only a search term, usually the article title works
* pubmed/isbn template generator - generates a citation template for books and journals using ISBN or PUBMED ID numbers. I prefer this one, because it automatically results in a link to the pubmed abstract in the template.
Regards general formatting, I believe the preference is for punctuation to precede the reference, and there should not be spaces, punctuation or other breaks between citations. Also, no spaces between words/phrases/sentences and the citation - all these leave gaps or hanging punctuation which look odd to my eye.
Also, for any newspaper references, please attempt to find some sort of link to the article through google or the individual newspaper archives. I've managed to find a fair number, but it's extremely tedious to do so for dozens of articles in a row. If the page is taken for a RFC (as is my intention), these are things that will be pointed out.
For repeated references, please use the tag, it means fewer endnotes in an already very long list.
Finally, please do not use e.g., see, for example, etc. in references justifying statements (unless it's things like 'numerous books were written'). Either the reference justifies the statement, or it doesn't. To provide examples and say this demonstrates the point, without said example explicitly demonstrating said point, is original research and to be avoided. Links are vital in these cases, so readers can determine if the example is justified, and so editors can tweak the phrasing to accurately represent the article.
If anyone has questions about formatting, citation templates or other wikification stuff, I'm happy to answer questions (but leave me a note on my talk page to get my attention). A RFC will definitely work to improve the page, but there's no point getting dinged for minor stuff that's easy to correct first. WLU (talk) 21:59, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
Orkney
Orkney needs much better referencing. There's only one linkable reference, it mentions ritual abuse twice (and satanic abuse once, see below). I can't find the text of the Lord Clyde report, surely it must have been published on-line somewhere? Considering there's two references, it's an awfully long section. Also, the one link that is present, to The Scotsman, contains the immortal line 'In 1994, a government report based on three years of research said there was no foundation to the plethora of satanic child abuse claims.' So basically we have five short paragraphs, of maybe 20 sentences (far longer than the Lewis section, with three references, each one linked multiple times to specific statements), with two references, one of which basically appears to say there is no actual connection to SRA. Seems a bit odd... WLU (talk) 01:53, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* Re-worked. Still needs better references. WLU (talk) 02:14, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* WLU, should La Fontaine's report be included specifically under the Orkney section, or in the section on the UK in general? Also, if La Fontaine's report is aired here, we should also mention a subsequent govt-funded report in 2000 written by Hale and Sinason which contradicted La Fontaine and stated that SRA was occuring in the UK.
* We need to be careful about maintaining balance here. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 02:32, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* No idea, I'd have to see the report to give an opinion. I assume La Fontaine is Lord Clyde? Find the sources, post them, then they can be reviewed. I can't give an opinion blind, and if you've got a weblink, it's easier than me tracking it down. I hate slogging through google to find obscure references. WLU (talk) 11:55, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* Nope, Clyde was the author of the Orkney-specific review, La Fontaine is an anthropologist who published a govt-funded report in the mid-90s stating that SRA was not occuring in the UK. Sinanson and Hale released another govt-funded report in 2000 stating otherwise, but my understanding is that this report was never made public.
* Not at my desk at the moment, but will dig up references ASAP. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 23:52, 25 November 2007 (UTC)
* Thanks, and I hope you'll be able to clarify what you mean by a report that was "released" but not "made public". I'm going to do a trawl for scholarly articles by the people you mention. Itsmejudith (talk) 15:41, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
* My understanding is that Hale and Sinason were engaged by the health department to write a report on SRA, and they wrote and submitted ("released") this report to the health dept, although the dept decided not to make this report public e.g. circulate it or release it to the media.
* Authorities may decide not to make a report public for any number of reasons. For instance, in Victoria, Australia, the police ombudsman submitted a report to the premier in 2004 which raised concerns about police improprieties in relation to investigations into allegations of organised abuse, including SRA. Under pressure from the police union, which threatened to go on strike, the premier chose not to table this report in parliament, which meant that the report is not in the public domain. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 22:52, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
Basically if anyone else is going to add information to the page based on the article, we need access to it - otherwise we're limited by the wording placed on the page by the person who added the info in the first place. Essentially, links to any and all possible and actual references are useful. I dislike paper references for the obvious reasons that a) I can't read it to see if its accurate and b) I can't mine it for further information to expand or modify the page. If you've got weblinks to Clyde, La Fontaine or Sinanson & Hale, please post 'em as they could be germane to multiple sections. WLU (talk) 15:48, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
* I agree that it would be very nice to have weblinks to all the potentially good sources, but it ain't necessarily gonna happen. Much of the relevant material comes from the 1990s when it wasn't routine to put reports online. I did my academic paper trawl and while there are papers by La Fontaine and Sinason, I didn't find any relating to SRA. The Clyde Report and La Fontaine report are in principle accessible, at least if you can get to a good academic library in the UK. The Clyde Report should be available to purchase from HMSO. The Sinason and Hale report was not published. It seems that the research was funded by the UK Department of Health but then the report did not pass peer review and was buried. Sinason does not list it among her publications on her website. As far as I can see her only publication related to SRA is the book "Treating Survivors of SRA". There are some extremely critical reviews of it around online but I would have to check to see which of any of them if any are by academics in the field. Itsmejudith (talk) 23:41, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
* I disagree with WLU, who is essentially advocating that the scope of this article be limited solely to online sources. I can't imagine a less systematic approach, or one more likely to exclude reliable and peer-reviewed material in favor of questionable "free" material e.g. religioustolerance.org or Underwager's IPT. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 22:52, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
* I don't advocate online-only sources, they are just far more convenient. Off-line sources are a completely unknown quantity for all except the person with the source unless they're scanned or transcribed. Ideally I'd rather have the entire page based on peer-reviewed journals, but that's never going to be the reality. Another advantage is on-line sources tend to be more recent. But I've consistently tried to AGF - as long as I can find evidence that even the paper exists, if it's the only source I've left it in. I think that's reasonable. WLU (talk) 02:58, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
* Also, if the report hasn't been released into the public domain, what's our source? How did anyone get a hold of it? Is it therefore reliable? Are any of these concerns documented anywhere? It just makes it difficult to work with the information and opens the door to 'counter sources', also not available, that discuss problems with the other sources. I think the page isn't doing too badly considering the nature of the topic and the polarization of the skeptics and believers. WLU (talk) 03:04, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
* In Sinason's case, the suppression of her report was widely reported in the print media.
* Agreed that the page is doing pretty well. I've been trying to see some reform here for a few years, and this is the most reasonable collection of editors I've come across so far.
* I understand that online sources are easier to access, but in my experience of this field, there is a massive divide between the online and offline sources on SRA. In particular, the online debate has been captured by "False Memory" activists and armchair "skeptics", whilst there is a suprising amount of nuanced and evidenced-based debate in the academic press - but people have to care enough about this subject to go to a library and read some books first! --Biaothanatoi 23:47, 2 December 2007 (UTC)
UK section
The lead-in to the UK section starts with ''The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children affirmed the reality of ritual abuse in 1990, with the publication of survey findings that, of 66 child protection teams in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 14 teams had received reports of ritual abuse from children and seven of them were working directly with children who had been ritually abused, sometimes in groups of 20. [98]'' Reference 98 is to "Libby Jukes adn Richard Duce, NSPCC says ritual child abuse is rife, The Times, 13 March 1990", of which I can't find an on-line citation (brief search though). However, this article seems to cast some doubt on the NSPCC report, and makes me wonder if the section should a) lead in with this information given the tenuousness of the source (the actual NSPCC report would be much better than an unlinked article to a 17-year-old news story - cite the source rather than the news story!) and b) state it as strongly as it does if it's moved elsewhere. From my reading and re-working of the SRA claims in the UK, it looks like a history of allegations, withdrawn charges, failed court cases and negative government reports (on the satanic ritual aspects, not the abuse - again, this is the SRA page, not the child abuse page). WLU (talk) 02:08, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* WLU, please consider that media coverage may not be the whole story. There is twenty years of research in the United Kingdom regarding the role of ritualistic activity in child sex rings, and I'm happy to point you to it. Prof. Liz Kelly, Sara Scott, Catherine Itzen, Peter Bibby and many others have undertaken empirical research in substantiated cases of organised abuse, and found ritualistic activity is associated with the worst forms of child maltreatment. The vast majority of cases of child abuse never go to the court (whether the abuse was 'mundane' or organised/ritualistic) and the prosecution rate is very low. It's not suprising that allegations of SRA faired badly in court - most allegations of sexual abuse do.
* Cleveland, the Orkneys, and the other "high profile" UK cases got media attention because the accused abusers engaged journalists and tried to use the media to contest the charges against them, whereas child protection workers were unable to contradict the media coverage because they were bound by professional codes of confidentiality. Consequently, media coverage was profoundly skewed towards the parents, who gave sympathetic interviews, showed journalists through their homes, etc etc etc.
* We now know that the parents lied to the media in these cases. In the Cleveland case, the accused parents already had children in care for horrific sexual abuse, and they went to the media when one of mothers fell pregnant and they knew that social services would remove the child. The parents withheld that information from journalists and painted a picture of a 'perfect family', which the media bought wholesale. In the Orkneys case, several of the accused already had convictions for child sexual abuse, and they had all moved (en masse) from mainland England to the Orkneys to escape social services. They withheld this information from journalists, and they lied when they claimed that the children were abducted in "dawn raids".
* You can't just type these cases into Google and expect to glean all the information you need. The info I've provided above comes from social research undertaken by sociologists, criminologists and social workers who published in the academic press. If you don't do this kind of in-depth research, and rely instead on two or three archived newspaper articles (or "Spiked Online", whatever that is) then you can be easily mislead. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 03:02, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* Please do give us as many pointers towards relevant academic literature as you can, and as soon as you can. Itsmejudith (talk) 08:21, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* Rather than posting long discussions on the topic, can you provide the references? The page is written on the basis of reliable sources with discussion playing a second fiddle. Right now I've got a source telling me that SRA in the UK is bullshit, and you telling me it's not. I'll find a source far more convincing than any discussion, and every source I've seen leads me to the conclusion that 'satanic panic'-style SRA (organized, with a primary goal of pleasing satan rather than sexual gratification, sacrificing thousands of children a year, which helps practitioners fly and summon demons) does not exist. You've got a source saying parents milked the press? Post it. WLU (talk) 12:02, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
* The info I provided is summarised in Jenny Kitzinger, "Framing Abuse: Media Influence and Public Understanding of Sexual Violence Against Children", Pluto Press, 2004. The reason why I have posted the "long discussion" above is because Wiki editors on this page have often challenged footnotes to off-line sources, particularly books, since they can't access the info immidiately via Google.
* Kitzinger is the Professor of Media and Communication Studies at the School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies, Cardiff University, and, in the book I've quoted, she undertook focus group testing with groups of people in the UK regarding their recall of media coverage of ritual abuse cases. She also discussed the manner in which media coverage of those cases was distorted by the differential capacity of parents to engage with journalists, whilst child protection workers were constrained from doing so by professional codes of ethics (e.g. they can't publicly discuss active cases with the media, but the parents can).--Biaothanatoi (talk) 22:39, 25 November 2007 (UTC)
* This Guardian article, based on an interview with the Orkney child (now adult) who is intending to sue, replaces "dawn raids" with "snatching" from class, then reverts to "dawn raids" in its backstory section. I suggest the whole mention should stay out for now as not directly relevant to the SRA question. Re the Kitzinger source above, it is scholarly and can be cited so long as a) it is made clear that it is a view of the media, not a view of SRA per se, and b) contrasting scholarly views can also be cited, as Kitzinger has a marked viewpoint in her scholarship (radical feminist). Itsmejudith (talk) 08:40, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
* Contrasting views are crucial to maintaining balance on all matters, not just those where a feminist may be writing. --Biaothanatoi (talk) 03:29, 27 November 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, I think we both understand WP policy on this. There are of course many topics covered in WP on which there is little or no disagreement between scholars, or where there is a mainstream view that only a few scholars dissent from. This isn't one of those topics, in fact it is hotly contested between experts of different kinds. We can only show the contrast of views when we have good sources for each side, though. You mentioned a number of academic writers but I haven't so far tracked down any books or papers that any of them have written that mention SRA. Itsmejudith (talk) 08:08, 27 November 2007 (UTC)
I see no need for a criticism of the methods used to extract children, as it's not relevant to the satanic aspects. Again, this page is about satanic ritual abuse, so all references and text should focus on that aspect. WLU (talk) 20:22, 27 November 2007 (UTC)
* It's relevant in relation to consistent media misrepresentation and misreporting on SRA. The claim of "dawn raids" was one of the most prominent features in media coverage on Orkney, but these claims were planted by the accused parents and promulgated by journalists who colluded in the smearing of child protection services. --Biaothanatoi 23:38, 2 December 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
AWS
Using AWS S3 Programatically with Python using Boto3 SDK
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In this article, we are going to explore Amazon S3 and how to connect to it from Python. Amazon is one of the largest cloud provider along with Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform.
Amazon Simple Storage Service(Amazon S3) is a file storage service that enables the users to store any kind of files. It provides object storage through a web service interface. AWS S3 has impressive availability and durability, making it the standard way to store videos, images, and data.
Storage units in Amazon are known as Buckets. A Bucket is synonymous with a root directory. Inside a bucket, you can store files or other sub buckets. All the directories and files are considered as objects within the S3 ecosystem.
You can use any of the following methods to create an S3 bucket.
• Using the UI – logging in to AWS Console and creating from the S3 dashboard
• Using cli – AWS provides a command line (awscli) that can be used to create an S3 bucket
• Using an SDK – Amazon provides SDKs for most of the popular programming languages
• Using the REST APIs – Amazon provides REST APIs that you can connect to using any programming languages
Objects or items that are stored using the Amazon CLI or the REST APIs are limited to 5TB in size with 2KB of metadata information
In this article we will focus on using the Amazon SDK for Python (boto3) to do opetations with s3.
Boto3 is the name of the Python SDK for AWS. It allows you to directly create, update, and delete AWS resources from your Python scripts.
Prerequisites
To follow along, ensure you have the following:
• A valid AWS account with access to launch S3 bucket
• Python 3 with pip package manager installed
• Text editor of your choice
Table of content
1. Setting up the python environment
2. Creating an s3 bucket
3. Listing buckets
4. Uploading file to the bucket
5. Downloading a File
6. Deleting an Object
1. Setting up the python environment
The recommended approach to run the script is in an isolated environment where we can install script specific requirements. We will use Python virtualenv to create an isolated environment for our script.
In python 3 let’s create a virtualenv using this command:
python -m venv s3stuff
Activate the virtualenv:
source s3stuff/bin/activate
Now let’s install the boto3 package providing the SDK that we will use to connect to AWS.
pip install boto3
Now that the dependencies are set up, let’s create a script that will have the functions necessary to do the S3 operations we want.
To make it run against your AWS account, you’ll need to provide some valid credentials. If you already have an IAM user that has full permissions to S3, you can use those user’s credentials (their access key and their secret access key) without needing to create a new user. Otherwise, the easiest way to do this is to create a new AWS user and then store the new credentials.
To create a new user, head to AWS IaM console, then Users and click on Add user. Give the user a name, enable programmatic access. This will ensure that this user will be able to work with any AWS supported SDK or make separate API calls. For the new user, choose to attach an existing policy then attach the AmazonS3FullAccess policy.
A new screen will show you the user’s generated credentials. Click on the Download .csv button to make a copy of the credentials. You will need them to complete your setup.
Now that you have your new user, create a new file, ~/.aws/credentials:
vim ~/.aws/credentials
Add this content to the file:
[default]
aws_access_key_id = YOUR_ACCESS_KEY_ID
aws_secret_access_key = YOUR_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
region = YOUR_PREFERRED_REGION
This will create a default profile, which will be used by Boto3 to interact with your AWS account.
Client Versus Resource
Boto3 calls AWS APIs on your behalf. Boto3 offers two distinct ways of accessing these abstracted APIs:
• Client for low-level service access
• Resource for higher-level object-oriented service access
You can use either to interact with S3.
To connect to the low-level client interface, you must use Boto3’s client(). You then pass in the name of the service you want to connect to, in this case, s3:
import boto3
s3_client = boto3.client('s3')
To connect to the high-level interface, you’ll follow a similar approach, but use resource():
import boto3
s3_resource = boto3.resource('s3')
Common Operations
2. Creating an s3 bucket
Before proceeding, we need a bucket that we can use to store our content.
This function creates an s3 bucket given a bucket name and an optional region. If the region is not supplied it will default to the us-east-1 region – the default AWS region. This function returns true on success and False while logging the error on failure:
def create_bucket(bucket_name, region=None):
"""Create an S3 bucket in a specified region
If a region is not specified, the bucket is created in the S3 default
region (us-east-1).
:param bucket_name: Bucket to create
:param region: String region to create bucket in, e.g., 'us-west-2'
:return: True if bucket created, else False
"""
# Create bucket
try:
if region is None:
s3_client = boto3.client('s3')
s3_client.create_bucket(Bucket=bucket_name)
else:
s3_client = boto3.client('s3', region_name=region)
location = {'LocationConstraint': region}
s3_client.create_bucket(Bucket=bucket_name,
CreateBucketConfiguration=location)
except ClientError as e:
logging.error(e)
return False
return True
3. Listing buckets
This function retrieves the buckets in our account. After retrieving we are looping each while printing out the name:
def list_buckets():
# Retrieve the list of existing buckets
s3 = boto3.client('s3')
response = s3.list_buckets()
# Output the bucket names
print('Existing buckets:')
for bucket in response['Buckets']:
print(f' {bucket["Name"]}')
4. Uploading file to the bucket
This functions uploads a file to the s3 bucket returning true if it succeed:
def upload_file(file_name, bucket, object_name=None):
"""Upload a file to an S3 bucket
:param file_name: File to upload
:param bucket: Bucket to upload to
:param object_name: S3 object name. If not specified then file_name is used
:return: True if file was uploaded, else False
"""
# If S3 object_name was not specified, use file_name
if object_name is None:
object_name = os.path.basename(file_name)
# Upload the file
s3_client = boto3.client('s3')
try:
response = s3_client.upload_file(file_name, bucket, object_name)
except ClientError as e:
logging.error(e)
return False
return True
We can also upload the file as a binary. The upload_fileobj method accepts a readable file-like object. The file object must be opened in binary mode, not text mode.
s3 = boto3.client('s3')
try:
with open(file_name, "rb") as f:
s3.upload_fileobj(f, bucket, "files/"+ file_name)
except ClientError as e:
logging.error(e)
return False
5. Downloading a File
The download_file method allows you to download a file. The Filename parameter will map to your desired local path, this snippet will download the file to home/citizix directory.
s3_resource.Object(
bucket_name,
file_name
).download_file(
f'/home/citizix/{file_name}'
)
6. Copying an Object Between Buckets
The boto3 library offers the .copy() method that allows you to copy a file from one bucket to the other:
def copy_to_bucket(from_bucket, to_bucket, file_name):
"""Copy a file from one bucket to the other
:param from_bucket: Source bucket
:param to_bucket: Destination bucket
"""
copy_source = {
'Bucket': from_bucket,
'Key': file_name
}
s3_resource.Object(to_bucket, file_name).copy(copy_source)
6. Deleting an Object
The .delete() method allows you to delete a file:
s3_resource.Object(bucket_name, file_name).delete()
Consclusion
Up to this point you can now do basic bucket operations programatically using python sdk boto3. You’re now equipped with knowledge to start working programmatically with S3.
I am a Devops Engineer, but I would describe myself as a Tech Enthusiast who is a fan of Open Source, Linux, Automations, Cloud and Virtualization. I love learning and exploring new things so I blog in my free time about Devops related stuff, Linux, Automations and Open Source software. I can also code in Python and Golang.
Write A Comment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Prosecutors say Chris Christie knew about Bridgegate. Why is he still running Trump's transition?
For years, New Jersey governor and Donald Trump transition chief Chris Christie has asserted that he had no idea some of his top aides were conspiring to cause a traffic jam in Fort Lee, New Jersey, in the Bridgegate scandal. But in court on Monday, federal prosecutors asserted not only that Christie knew about the plan but that he knew exactly why it had been carried out — to punish Fort Lee’s mayor for refusing to endorse Christie’s reelection campaign. Prosecutors said that both Bill Baroni, who is currently facing trial, and David Wildstein, who has already pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges, “bragged to the governor about the lane closings,” and said “that they had been done to ‘mess’ with the mayor of Fort Lee because he had declined entreaties to endorse the governor’s re-election,” according to the New York Times’s Kate Zernike. It is not yet clear what evidence prosecutors have for this assertion, and keep in mind that Christie hasn’t been charged with anything and it seems very unlikely that he will be at this late date. Furthermore the prosecutors’ timeline of events suggests that Christie did not order the lane closures but instead was simply told about them by Baroni and Wildstein while they were happening. Still, this is a big revelation with national implications. And one person who probably isn’t all that surprised is Donald Trump. Back when Trump and Christie were rivals during the campaign, Trump himself claimed that Christie “totally knew about” Bridgegate. Oddly, though, this suspicion seems to have been no obstacle for Trump in his determination that Christie is the best-qualified person to help him staff the federal government. It’s a strange decision that raises some troubling questions about how a President Donald Trump would govern. Transition chief is a job that really matters. Since there’s so little time between the election and Inauguration Day, the groundwork Christie is doing now for Trump will likely prove very important in influencing what decisions Trump would make if he wins. And a major part of the transition job is staffing — the new president will eventually have to fill thousands of political appointee jobs across the federal government, and many of those most important jobs will have to be filled during the transition. So even if Christie had truly been unaware of his aides’ Bridgegate plan, the very fact that this scandal involved wrongdoing by top Christie appointees would have cast serious doubt on Christie’s suitability for staffing the federal government, if he hired people who were so willing to go rogue. But if prosecutors are right, the behavior of Christie’s aides wasn’t a bug but rather a feature — because Christie apparently knew they tried to exert petty revenge on a town, and endangered its residents, simply because the town’s mayor wouldn’t play ball with Christie politically. The scandal really is astonishingly petty — at the time, Christie’s reelection already looked reassured, and he didn’t even need this endorsement. So it’s deeply revealing about Chris Christie’s approach to politics and governing and the type of people he — and apparently Donald Trump — would like to put in positions of power. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nipan Deka
The result was redirect__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__ to List of Assam cricketers. —Ganesha811 (talk) 14:58, 6 April 2024 (UTC)
Nipan Deka
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Doesn't meet the criteria. So I have AfDed. Twinkle1990 (talk) 14:58, 30 March 2024 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Cricket, India, and Assam. Twinkle1990 (talk) 14:58, 30 March 2024 (UTC)
* Comment: additionationally WP:TOOSOON might be heard on. --Twinkle1990 (talk) 15:59, 30 March 2024 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Sportspeople-related deletion discussions. Spiderone (Talk to Spider) 16:38, 30 March 2024 (UTC)
* Redirect to List of Assam cricketers Looks to fail WP:GNG although there is some coverage of the subject, I don't think any of it passes. There is a suitable redirect here though per WP:ATD. Rugbyfan22 (talk) 09:32, 31 March 2024 (UTC)
* Redirect to List of Assam cricketers fails WP:GNG.Tame Rhino (talk) 01:25, 1 April 2024 (UTC)
* Redirect to List of Assam cricketers per Rugbyfan22.Sk1728 (talk) 12:31, 5 April 2024 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Paid Notice: Deaths DUBIVSKY, ANNE
DUBIVSKY-Anne. At age 91, of Hartsdale NY, on December 5, after a long illness. Beloved sister of Barbara Dubivsky, devoted aunt to Carol Becker, and Jane Coene. Grand-aunt to Christopher, Susan, Michael, Stephen, Sally and Elizabeth. And great grand-aunt to ten. Services at St. Vladimir's Seminary, Crestwood, NY, Saturday, December 8. Interment Kensico Cemetery, Valhalla, NY. Predeceased by parents John Sr. and Barbara and brothers: Stephen, John, Peter, George, and Theodore. During her career she was associated with the Department of Justice, RCA, and Morgan Stanley. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Opinion | President Bernie Sanders
It really could happen. Opinion Columnist This article is part of David Leonhardt’s newsletter. You can sign up here to receive it each weekday. There have been two polls of Iowa Democrats released in the past week. Bernie Sanders led one of them. Joe Biden led the other — but that poll’s sample appeared to be light on several groups of voters (like millennials) who often support Sanders, as Nate Cohn of The Times pointed out. All of which points to the same conclusion: Sanders has a real shot of winning the Democratic nomination. Only a couple of months after he suffered a mild heart attack, that counts as a surprise. On the new episode of “The Argument,” Ross Douthat, Michelle Goldberg and I talk about the reasons for Sanders’s strong position, as well as about his strengths and weaknesses. As you may know by now, I am not Sanders’s biggest fan. I think he exaggerates the degree of popular support for his agenda and, by extension, understates the difficulty of accomplishing it. I think a few of his ideas (like “Medicare for all”) are wrongheaded. I’m also uncomfortable with how little he has done to push back against the aggression and nastiness of some of his supporters. As Adam Jentleson, a former aide to Senator Harry Reid, tweeted yesterday, referring to Sanders’s backers posting snake emojis to refer to Elizabeth Warren: Bernie’s snake posters are a tiny, unrepresentative fraction of his wonderful supporters. He is ill-served by them because they pollute his powerful message and push people away. This has been an issue for years and he’s never made any real effort to address it. That’s a mistake. And yet I have also always believed that Sanders has big, admirable strengths. He delivers a clear message with consistency and discipline. That message is more right than it is wrong: America’s economy is unfair to the middle class, working class and poor. Vox has started a series in which different writers make the case for each top Democratic presidential candidate, and I recommend Matthew Yglesias’s piece on Sanders. Yglesias writes: The Vermont senator is unique in combining an authentic, values-driven political philosophy with a surprisingly pragmatic, veteran-legislator approach to getting things done. This pairing makes him the enthusiastic favorite of non-Republicans who don’t necessarily love the Democratic Party, without genuinely threatening what’s important to partisan Democrats. If he can pull the party together, it would set him up to be the strongest of the frontrunners to challenge President Donald Trump. One of the promises of a potential Sanders presidency is that it would offer a true correction to the laissez-faire era that Ronald Reagan began. Bill Clinton took one step away from that era, and Barack Obama took a few more. Sanders wants to go further and, while he would probably fail to accomplish his grandest goals (again, like Medicare for all), he would also move the country in a positive direction. He might even move it to closer to a center-left ideal than a more moderate candidate like Biden would, as I argue on the podcast. The case for Warren is similar, by the way, and she too could certainly end up being the nominee. I find her to be more thoughtful and rigorous about policy, but I understand the appeal of Sanders. For more … Sanders’s strengths and weaknesses were both on display in his contentious interview with members of The New York Times editorial board. Alexander Burns’s recent story in The Times about Sanders’s tenure as the mayor of Burlington, Vermont, and the related episode of “The Daily” are also helpful for anyone trying to learn more. If Sanders wins the nomination, he is going to need to learn to be less defensive than he was when Michael Barbaro asked about his past support for the Nicaraguan Sandinistas. A personal aside: I’ve been visiting relatives in and around Burlington for decades, and I still remember my Republican grandparents laughing in the 1980s about an American city electing an avowed socialist as mayor. Sanders has been surprising people for almost four decades. If you are not a subscriber to this newsletter, you can subscribe here. You can also join me on Twitter (@DLeonhardt) and Facebook. Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:SciGal
A little about myself
I realized that, although I have been here since June 26, 2009, I have not personalized my user page.
First, I generally enjoy and do content generation. I have generated several articles, and I have added material to other pages. I am currently active in WikiProject Television and WikiProject Florida; that is, I have contributed to articles in those projects. I may take a bit of time in content generation as I generally prefer to research and type the article or section in my word processor first. That way, I can catch my spelling and grammar mistakes before I post; usually, that leaves coding errors for me to correct after posting. (I will type in the edit box either if I feel like it or if someone mentions something that needs to be edited.)
On a quasi-personal note, I am a full-time, stay-at-home caregiver to my parents. As a result, I might take sudden wikibreaks. If that happens, please be patient with me; I will get around to the tasks when I have time.
Personal Sandbox
Sandbox | WIKI |
User:LindaSportGirl/Sports in June 2012
Aquatics (Diving)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 FINA Diving Grand Prix - 🇷🇺 Sankt-Petersburg (RUS)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 FINA Diving Grand Prix - 🇪🇸 Madrid (ESP)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 FINA Diving Grand Prix - 🇮🇹 Bolzano (ITA)
Aquatics (Swimming)
* June 2 - 2012 European Open Water Swimming Cup (Leg 2) - 🇹🇷 Antalya (TUR)
* June 3 - June 17 - 2012 FINA World Masters Championships - 🇮🇹 Riccione (ITA)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 FINA Olympic Marathon Open Water Swim Qualifier - Setubal
* June 17 - 2012 FINA Open Water Swimming Grand Prix - 🇮🇹 Capri-Napoli (ITA)
Aquatics (Water polo)
* May 29 - June 3 - 2012 FINA Women's Water Polo World League Super Final - 🇨🇳 Changshu (CHN)
* June 12 - June 17 - 2012 FINA Men's Water Polo World League Super Final - 🇰🇿 Almaty (KAZ)
Archery
* June 18 - June 24 - 2012 Archery World Cup (Stage 3) - 🇺🇸 Ogden (USA)
Athletics (Road racing)
* June 1 - 2012 European Race Walking Meeting - International RW Festival - 🇱🇹 Alytus (LTU)
* 10km men - (1) 🇱🇹 Marius Šavelskis (LTU), (2) 🇵🇱 Wiktor Szabo (POL), (3) 🇸🇰 Peter Tichý (SVK)
* 20km men - (1) 🇱🇹 Marius Žiūkas (LTU), (2) Arnis Rumbenieks, (3) 🇫🇮 Veli-Matti Partanen (FIN)
* 10km women - (1) 🇫🇷 Émilie Tissot (FRA), (2) 🇸🇰 Radoslava Piliarová (SVK), (3) 🇸🇰 Lucia Škantárová (SVK)
* 20km women - (1) Agnese Pastare, (2) 🇱🇹 Kristina Saltanovič (LTU), (3) 🇱🇹 Brigita Virbalytė (LTU)
* June 2 - 2012 IAAF Road Race Label Events - Freihofer's Run for Women 5K - 🇺🇸 Albany, New York (USA)
* (1) 🇪🇹 Mamitu Daska (ETH), (2) 🇪🇹 Ashu Kasim (ETH), (3) 🇪🇹 Alemitu Abera (ETH)
* June 2 - 2012 Stockholm Marathon - 🇸🇪 Stockholm (SWE)
* Men - (1) 🇯🇴 Methkal Abu Drais (JOR), (2) 🇪🇹 Dereje Debele Tulu (ETH), (3) 🇪🇹 Sahle Warga Bretona (ETH)
* Women - (1) 🇪🇹 Derebe Godana (ETH), (2) 🇷🇺 Veronika Lopatina (RUS), (3) 🇪🇹 Belaynesh Jida (ETH)
* June 3 - 2012 Austrian Women's Run 5km - 🇪🇸 Vienna (ESP)
* June 3 - 2012 European Cup 10,000m - 🇪🇸 Bilbao (ESP)
* June 4 - 2012 Women's Mini Marathon - 🇮🇪 Dublin (IRL)
* June 9 - 2012 Carrera de Oñati - 🇪🇸 Oñati (ESP)
* June 9 - 2012 IAAF Race Walking Meeting - GP Cantones - 🇪🇸 La Coruña (ESP)
* June 9 - 2012 Zwolse Half Marathon Festival - Zwolle
* June 12 - 2012 Kremlin Mile - 🇷🇺 Moscow (RUS)
* June 16 - 2012 Carrera Divina Pastora Palma - 🇪🇸 Palma de Mallorca (ESP)
* June 17 - 2012 IAAF Race Walking Meeting - Coppa Citta di Sesto - 🇮🇹 Sesto San Giovanni (ITA)
* June 22 - 2012 Torhout Marathon - 🇧🇪 Torhout (BEL)
* June 23 - 2012 IAAF Road Race Label Events - Corrida de Langueux - 🇫🇷 Langueux (FRA)
* June 23 - 2012 IAAF Road Race Label Events - Vidovdan Road Race - 🇧🇦 Brcko (BIH)
* June 23 - 2012 Olomouc Half Marathon - 🇨🇿 Olomouc (CZE)
* June 24 - 2012 Carrera Zaboloetxe-Loiu - 🇪🇸 Loiu (ESP)
* June 30 - 2012 Paavo Nurmi Marathon - 🇫🇮 Turku (FIN)
Athletics (Track and field)
* June 1 - June 2 - 2012 IAAF Diamond League - Prefontaine Classic - 🇺🇸 Eugene, Oregon (USA)
* 100m men - (1) 🇺🇸 Justin Gatlin (USA), (2) 🇯🇲 Nickel Ashmeade (JAM), (3) 🇺🇸 Trell Kimmons (USA)
* 110m hurdles men - (1) 🇨🇳 Liu Xiang (CHN), (2) 🇺🇸 Aries Merritt (USA), (3) 🇺🇸 Jason Richardson (USA)
* 200m men - (1) 🇺🇸 Wallace Spearmon (USA), (2) Churandy Martina, (3) 🇯🇲 Marvin Anderson (JAM)
* 400m men - (1) 🇺🇸 Lashawn Merritt (USA), (2) Christopher Brown, (3) 🇺🇸 Angelo Taylor (USA)
* 800m men - (1) Abubaker Kaki, (2) 🇪🇹 Mohamed Aman (ETH), (3) 🇺🇸 Nick Symmonds (USA)
* 5000m men - (1) 🇬🇧 Mo Farah (GBR), (2) 🇰🇪 Isaiah Kiplangat Koech (KEN), (3) 🇺🇸 Galen Rupp (USA)
* 10000m men - (1) 🇰🇪 Wilson Kiprop (KEN), (2) 🇰🇪 Moses Ndiema Masai (KEN), (3) 🇰🇪 Bitan Karoki (KEN)
* Bowerman mile men - (1) 🇰🇪 Asbel Kiprop (KEN), (2) 🇪🇹 Mekonnen Gebremedhin (ETH), (3) 🇩🇯 Ayanleh Souleiman (DJI)
* Javelin throw men - (1) Vadims Vasilevskis, (2) 🇨🇿 Vítězslav Veselý (CZE), (3) 🇳🇿 Stuart Farquhar (NZL)
* Mile men - (1) 🇰🇪 James Kiplagat Magut (KEN), (2) 🇺🇸 Russell Brown (USA), (3) 🇪🇹 Aman Wote (ETH)
* Shot put men - (1) 🇺🇸 Reese Hoffa (USA), (2) 🇵🇱 Tomasz Majewski (POL), (3) 🇨🇦 Dylan Armstrong (CAN)
* Triple jump men - (1) 🇺🇸 Christian Taylor (USA), (2) 🇺🇸 Will Claye (USA), (3) 🇬🇧 Phillips Idowu (GBR)
* 200m women - (1) 🇺🇸 Allyson Felix (USA), (2) 🇺🇸 Jeneba Tarmoh (USA), (3) Blessing Okagbare
* 400m women - (1) 🇺🇸 Sanya Richards-Ross (USA), (2) Amantle Montsho, (3) 🇯🇲 Novlene Williams-Mills (JAM)
* 800m women - (1) 🇺🇸 Alysia Montano (USA), (2) 🇺🇸 Geena Gall (USA), (3) 🇨🇦 Melissa Bishop (CAN)
* 1500m women - (1) 🇺🇸 Alice Schmidt (USA), (2) 🇺🇸 Jenny Simpson (USA), (3) 🇺🇸 Gabrielle Anderson (USA)
* 3000m women - (1) 🇲🇦 Mariem Alaoui Selsouli (MAR), (2) 🇰🇪 Sally Kipyego (KEN), (3) 🇺🇸 Elizabeth Maloy (USA)
* 3000m steeple women - (1) 🇰🇪 Milcah Chemos (KEN), (2) 🇪🇹 Sofia Assefa (ETH), (3) 🇪🇹 Hiwot Ayalew (ETH)
* 10000m women - (1) 🇪🇹 Tirunesh Dibaba (ETH), (2) 🇰🇪 Florence Kiplagat (KEN), (3) 🇪🇹 Beleynesh Oljira (ETH)
* Discus throw women - (1) Sandra Perkovic, (2) 🇷🇺 Darya Pishchalnikova (RUS), (3) 🇵🇱 Zaneta Glanc (POL)
* Hammer throw women - (1) 🇩🇪 Betty Heidler (GER), (2) 🇵🇱 Anita Wlodarczyk (POL), (3) 🇷🇺 Tatyana Lysenko (RUS)
* High jump women - (1) 🇷🇺 Anna Chicherova (RUS), (2) 🇷🇺 Svetlana Shkolina (RUS), (3) 🇺🇸 Chaunte Lowe (USA)
* Long jump women - (1) 🇬🇧 Shara Proctor (GBR), (2) 🇫🇷 Éloyse Lesueur (FRA), (3) 🇺🇸 Janay Deloach (USA)
* Pole vault women - (1) 🇧🇷 Fabiana Murer (BRA), (2) 🇷🇺 Svetlana Feofanova (RUS), (3) 🇺🇸 Lacy Janson (USA)
* June 3 - 2012 IAAF World Challenge - Meeting Mohammed VII - 🇲🇦 Rabat (MAR)
* June 3 - 2012 European Athletics Festival - 🇵🇱 Bydgoszcz (POL)
* June 5 - June 6 - 2012 Oceania Combined Events Championships - 🇦🇺 Townsville (AUS)
* June 7 - 2012 IAAF Diamond League - Bislett Games - 🇳🇴 Oslo (NOR)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Ibero-American Championships - 🇻🇪 Barquisimeto (VEN)
* June 9 - 2012 IAAF Diamond League - adidas Grand Prix - 🇺🇸 New York City (USA)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 IAAF World Combined Events Challenge - Fortuna Meeting 🇨🇿 Kladno (CZE)
* June 9 - June 12 - 2012 Asian Junior Championships - Colombo
* June 11 - 2012 IAAF World Challenge - Moscow Challenge - 🇷🇺 Moscow (RUS)
* June 14 - June 15 - 2012 IAAF World Combined Events Challenge - Mehrkampf-Meeting 🇩🇪 Ratingen (GER)
* June 22 - July 1 - 2012 U.S. Olympic Team Trials 🇺🇸 Eugene, Oregon (USA)
* June 27 - June 30 - 2012 Oceania Area Championships 🇦🇺 Cairns (AUS)
* June 27 - July 1 - 2012 African Championships 🇧🇯 Porto Novo (BEN)
* June 27 - July 1 - 2012 European Athletics Championships 🇫🇮 Helsinki (FIN)
* June 29 - July 1 - 2012 CAC Junior Championships San Salvador
Athletics (Other)
* June 23 - 2012 Balkan Mountain Running Championships - 🇲🇰 Skopje (MKD)
* June 24 - 2012 World Mountain Running Trophy - International Youth Cup - 🇮🇪 Glendalough (IRL)
Australian football
* June 1 - July 1 - 2012 AFL Season - 🇦🇺 Australia (AUS)
Auto racing
* June 1 - 2012 FIA Alternative Energies Cup - Grand Prix of Spain - 🇪🇸 Vitoria-Gasteiz (ESP)
* June 1 - 2012 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series - Lucas Oil 200 - 🇺🇸 Dover (USA)
* June 1 - June 2 - 2012 Formula D Series - Grand Prix of Palm Beach - 🇺🇸 Palm Beach, Florida (USA)
* June 2 - 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series - 5-hour Energy 200 - 🇺🇸 Dover (USA)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 Formula Three Euro Series - Grand Prix of Austria - 🇦🇹 Spielberg, Styria (AUT)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 Series - Grand Prix of Belgium - 🇧🇪 Spa-Francorchamps (BEL)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 Formula Renault 3.5 Series - Grand Prix of Belgium - 🇧🇪 Spa-Francorchamps (BEL)
* June 3 - 2012 IndyCar Series - Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix - 🇺🇸 Detroit (USA)
* June 3 - 2012 Auto GP World Series - Grand Prix of Portugal - Portimao
* June 3 - 2012 Blancpain Endurance Series - Grand Prix of Great Britain - 🇬🇧 Silverstone (GBR)
* June 3 - 2012 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters - Grand Prix of Austria - 🇦🇹 Spielberg, Styria (AUT)
* June 3 - 2012 Superstars Series - Grand Prix of Mugello - 🇮🇹 Mugello (ITA)
* June 3 - 2012 World Touring Car Championship - Race of Portugal - Algarve
* June 3 - 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series - FedEx 400 - 🇺🇸 Dover (USA)
* June 3 - 2012 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series - Grand Prix ICAR - 🇨🇦 Mirabel (CAN)
* June 8 - 2012 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series - WinStar World Casino 400K - 🇺🇸 Fort Worth, Texas (USA)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 European Rally Championship - Rally Bulgaria - 🇧🇬 Bulgaria (BUL)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 ADAC Formel Masters 🇩🇪 Sachsenring (GER)
* June 9 - 2012 IndyCar Series - Firestone 550 - 🇺🇸 Fort Worth, Texas (USA)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 Formula Abarth Championship - Grand Prix of Italy - 🇮🇹 Florence (ITA)
* June 9 - 2012 FIA Alternative Energies Cup - Grand Prix of Mendola - 🇮🇹 Bolzano (ITA)
* June 10 - 2012 FIA Formula One World Championship - Grand Prix du Canada - 🇨🇦 Montreal (CAN)
* June 10 - 2012 FIA GT1 World Championship - Grand Prix of Slovakia - 🇸🇰 Orechova Poton (SVK)
* June 10 - 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series - Pocono 400 - 🇺🇸 Long Pond (USA)
* June 10 - June 11 - 2012 LATAM Challenge Series - Toluca Grand Prix - 🇲🇽 Toluca (MEX)
* June 14 - June 16 - 2012 Intercontinental Rally Challenge - Rally Targa Florio - 🇮🇹 Sicily (ITA)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 International V8 Supercars Championship - Skycity Triple Crown - 🇦🇺 Darwin (AUS)
* June 16 - 2012 IndyCar Series - Milwaukee IndyFest - 🇺🇸 West Allis, Wisconsin (USA)
* June 16 - 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series - Alliance Truck Parts 250 - 🇺🇸 Brooklyn (USA)
* June 16 - 2012 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series - NCATS 200 - 🇨🇦 Bowmanville (CAN)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 FIA World Endurance Championship - 24 Heures du Mans - 🇫🇷 Le Mans (FRA)
* June 17 - 2012 Formula Pilota China - Grand Prix of Shanghai - 🇨🇳 Shanghai (CHN)
* June 17 - 2012 Formula Renault BARC Championship - Thruxton Grand Prix - 🇬🇧 Thruxton (GBR)
* June 17 - 2012 NASCAR Stock V6 Series - Aguascalientes - 🇲🇽 Aguascalientes (MEX)
* June 17 - 2012 NASCAR Toyota Series - Aguascalientes - 🇲🇽 Aguascalientes (MEX)
* June 17 - 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series - Quicken Loans 400 - 🇺🇸 Brooklyn (USA)
* June 19 - 2012 Superstars Series - Grand Prix of Hungary - 🇭🇺 Budapest (HUN)
* June 21 - June 23 - 2012 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC Series - German Grand Prix - 🇩🇪 Nürburg (GER)
* June 21 - June 23 - 2012 Intercontinental Rally Challenge - Geko Ypres Rally - 🇧🇪 Ypres (BEL)
* June 22 - June 23 - 2012 Formula D Series - Wall Township Speedway - 🇺🇸 Wall Township, New Jersey (USA)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 FIA Formula Two Championship - Grand Prix of Belgium - 🇧🇪 Spa-Francorchamps (BEL)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 Formula Renault 2.0 Alps Championship - Grand Prix of Belgium - 🇧🇪 Spa-Francorchamps (BEL)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 World Rally Championship - Rally of New Zealand - 🇳🇿 Auckland (NZL)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 European Rally Championship - Geko Ypres Rally - 🇧🇪 Ypres (BEL)
* June 23 - 2012 IndyCar Series - Iowa Corn Indy 250 - 🇺🇸 Newton, Iowa (USA)
* June 23 - 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series - Bucyrus 200 - 🇺🇸 Elkhart Lake (USA)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 GP2 Series - Grand Prix of Europe - 🇪🇸 Valencia (ESP)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 GP3 Series - Grand Prix of Europe - 🇪🇸 Valencia (ESP)
* June 23 - 2012 NASCAR Canadian Tire Series - EMCO 200 - 🇨🇦 Delaware (CAN)
* June 24 - 2012 FIA Formula One World Championship - Grand Prix of Europe - 🇪🇸 Valencia (ESP)
* June 24 - 2012 European Formula Three Open Championship - Grand Prix of Belgium - 🇧🇪 Spa-Francorchamps (BEL)
* June 24 - 2012 European Touring Car Cup - Grand Prix of Italy - 🇮🇹 Imola (ITA)
* June 24 - 2012 Porsche Supercup - Grand Prix of Spain - 🇪🇸 Valencia (ESP)
* June 24 - 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series - Save Mart 350 - 🇺🇸 Sonoma (USA)
* June 28 - 2012 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series - UNOH 225 - 🇺🇸 Sparta, Kentucky (USA)
* June 28 - July 1 - X Games 2012 - Rally Cross - 🇺🇸 Los Angeles (USA)
* June 29 - 2012 FIA Alternative Energies Cup - Grand Prix of Sestriere - 🇮🇹 Sestriere (ITA)
* June 29 - 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series - Feed the Children 300 - 🇺🇸 Sparta, Kentucky (USA)
* June 30 - 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series - Quaker State 400 - 🇺🇸 Sparta, Kentucky (USA)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 Formula Three Euro Series - Grand Prix of Norisring - 🇩🇪 Nuremberg (GER)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 Series - Grand Prix of Germany - 🇩🇪 Nürburg (GER)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 Formula Renault 3.5 Series - Grand Prix of Germany - 🇩🇪 Nürburg (GER)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 JK Racing Asia Series - Grand Prix of France - 🇫🇷 Le Castellet (FRA)
Badminton
* May 29 - June 2 - 2012 European Club Championships - 🇭🇺 Pécs (HUN)
* Quarter Finals:
* Semi Finals:
* Final:
* June 5 - June 10 - 2012 Badminton Grand Prix Gold - SCG Thailand Open - 🇹🇭 Bangkok (THA)
* June 12 - June 17 - 2012 Badminton Super Series Premier - DJARUM Indonesia Open - Jakarta
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 Badminton Future Series - Yonex Mauritius International - Rose Hill
* June 19 - June 24 - 2012 Badminton Super Series - LI-NING Singapore Open - 🇪🇸 Singapore (ESP)
* June 21 - June 24 - 2012 Badminton International Series - SOTX Auckland International - 🇳🇿 Auckland (NZL)
* June 21 - June 24 - 2012 Badminton Future Series - Kenya International Championship - 🇰🇪 Nairobi (KEN)
* June 26 - July 1 - 2012 Badminton Grand Prix - Russian Open - 🇷🇺 Vladivostok (RUS)
* June 28 - June 30 - 2012 Badminton International Series - Sunlight Victorian International - 🇦🇺 Victoria (AUS)
Baseball
* May 30 - June 3 - 2012 European Cup A - Qualifier Final Four - Rotterdam
* May 30 - June 3 - 2012 European Cup A - Qualifier Final Four - 🇮🇹 Serravalle (ITA)
* June 11 - June 16 - 2012 Qualifiers for the European Cup A 2013 - 🇦🇹 Attnang (AUT) / 🇧🇬 Blagoevgrad (BUL) / 🇧🇪 Namur (BEL) / 🇸🇰 Trnava (SVK)
* June 27 - July 1 - 2012 Prague Baseball Week - 🇨🇿 Prague (CZE)
Basketball
* May 27 - June 9 - 2012 NBA Conference Finals - 🇺🇸 United States (USA)
* June 16 - June 20 - 2012 FIBA Americas Men's U18 Championship - 🇧🇷 Brazil (BRA)
* June 25 - July 1 - 2012 FIBA Women's World Olympic Qualifying Tournament - 🇹🇷 Ankara (TUR)
* June 29 - July 8 - 2012 FIBA Men's U17 World Championship - 🇱🇹 Kaunas (LTU)
Beach volleyball
* May 30 - June 3 - 2012 CEV European Championship (M/W) - Den Haag
* May 30 - June 3 - 2012 FIVB Challenger & Satellite (W) - 🇰🇷 Seoul (KOR)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 CSV Continental Cup (M) - 🇻🇪 Venezuela (VEN)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 CSV Continental Cup (W) - 🇦🇷 Argentina (ARG)
* June 6 - June 12 - 2012 FIVB World Tour Grand Slam (M/W) - 🇷🇺 Moscow (RUS)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Norceca Beach Volleyball Circuit (M) - 🇨🇺 Varadero (CUB)
* June 12 - June 17 - 2012 FIVB World Tour Grand Slam (M/W) - 🇮🇹 Rome (ITA)
* June 13 - June 17 - 2012 CEV Challenger & Satellite (M) - Umag
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 USA Volleyball IDQ (M/W) - 🇺🇸 Los Angeles (USA)
* June 16 - June 22 - 2012 Asian Beach Games - 🇨🇳 Haiyang (CHN)
* June 20 - June 24 - 2012 AVC Beach Volleyball Continental Cup (M/W) - 🇨🇳 China (CHN)
* June 21 - June 23 - 2012 Norceca Continental Cup (M/W) - 🇲🇽 Mazatlan (MEX)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 Jose Cuervo Pro Beach Volleyball Series (M/W) - 🇺🇸 Belmar (USA)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 CEV Continental Cup (M) - 🇹🇷 Alanya (TUR)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 CEV Continental Cup (W) - 🇷🇺 Moscow (RUS)
* June 27 - July 1 - 2012 FIVB BVB World Cup Olympic Qualification (M/W) - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
* June 28 - July 1 - 2012 CEV Challenger & Satellite (M) - Lausanne
* June 29 - July 1 - 2012 Wide Open Beach Volleyball (M/W) - 🇺🇸 Seaside Heights (USA)
Bowling
* May 22 - June 2 - 2012 Singapore International Open - Singapore
* June 3 - June 9 - 2012 Hong Kong International Open - 🇭🇰 Hong Kong (HKG)
* June 6 - June 17 - 2012 Women's European Bowling Championships - Tilburg
* June 10 - 2012 ABF Tour - Hong Kong Open - 🇭🇰 Hong Kong (HKG)
* June 11 - June 16 - 2012 Macau International Open - 🇲🇴 Macau (MAC)
* June 17 - 2012 ABF Tour - Macau Open - 🇲🇴 Macau (MAC)
* June 22 - June 27 - 2012 WTBA Tour - Women's US Open - 🇺🇸 Reno (USA)
* June 22 - July 3 - 2012 World Youth Championships - 🇹🇭 Bangkok (THA)
* June 23 - June 29 - 2012 European Senior Bowling Championships - 🇸🇪 Norrköping (SWE)
Boxing
* June 1 - Commonwealth middleweight title - 🇬🇧 London (GBR)
* 🇬🇧 Billy Joe Saunders (GBR) beats 🇬🇧 Bradley Pryce (GBR) by unanimous decision
* June 1 - EBU-EU European Union light heavyweight title - 🇮🇹 Guidonia (ITA)
* 🇮🇹 Orial Kolaj (ITA) beats 🇮🇹 Dario Cichello (ITA) by technical knock out in round 11/12
* June 1 - WBO Oriental + WBO Asia Pacific light welterweight title - 🇦🇺 Newcastle (AUS)
* 🇦🇺 Chad Bennett (AUS) beats 🇬🇭 James Armah (GHA) by technical kock out in round 8/12
* June 1 - WBC Continental Americas welterweight title - 🇺🇸 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (USA)
* 🇺🇸 Ronald Cruz (USA) beats 🇺🇸 Prenice Brewer (USA) by unanimous decision
* June 1 - WBA Inter-Continental light middleweight title - 🇺🇸 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (USA)
* 🇺🇸 Gabriel Rosado (USA) beats 🇺🇸 Sechew Powell (USA) by technical knock out in round 9/12
* June 1 - WBC Asian Boxing Council featherweight title - 🇹🇭 Sakon Nakhon (THA)
* 🇹🇭 Chonlatarn Piriyapinyo (THA) beats Richard Olisa by technical knock out in round 6/12
* June 1 - WBC Latino featherweight title - 🇪🇸 Torrejon (ESP)
* 🇪🇸 Ivan Ruiz Morote (ESP) beats 🇪🇸 Sergio Romero (ESP) by unanimous decision
* June 1 - WBO Asia Pacific light heavyweight title - 🇳🇿 Auckland (NZL)
* 🇳🇿 Soulan Pownceby (NZL) beats 🇳🇿 Daniel MacKinnon (NZL) by technical decision in round 7/12
* June 2 - WBC Latino flyweight title - Punta del Este
* Gabriela Bouvier beats 🇦🇷 Carina Maria Britos (ARG) by technical knock out in round 1/10
* June 2 - WBA + IBA light heavyweight title - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas, Nevada (USA)
* 🇰🇿 Beibut Shumenov (KAZ) beats 🇲🇽 Enrique Ornelas (MEX) by unanimous decision
* June 2 - NABF super middleweight title - 🇺🇸 Carson, California (USA)
* 🇦🇺 Sakio Bika (AUS) beats 🇺🇸 Dyah Davis (USA) by technical knock out in round 10/10
* June 2 - WBA World light middleweight title - 🇺🇸 Carson, California (USA)
* 🇺🇸 Austin Trout (USA) beats 🇩🇴 Delvin Rodriguez (DOM) by unanimous decision
* June 2 - IBO cruiserweight title - 🇺🇸 Carson, California (USA)
* 🇺🇸 Antonio Tarver (USA) beats Lateef Kayode by split decision
* June 2 - IBF Bantamweight title - 🇺🇸 Carson, California (USA)
* 🇲🇽 Leo Santa Cruz (MEX) beats Vusi Malinga by unanimous decision
* June 2 - WBC Youth World heavyweight title - 🇵🇱 Bydgoszcz (POL)
* 🇵🇱 Artur Szpilka (POL) beats 🇦🇷 Gonzalo Omar Basile (ARG) by knock out in round 4/10
* June 2 - WBA International heavyweight title - 🇵🇱 Bydgoszcz (POL)
* 🇵🇱 Andrzej Wawrzyk (POL) beats 🇷🇺 Denis Bakhtov (RUS) by unanimous decision
* June 2 - WBO light flyweight title - Manila
* Donnie Nietes beats 🇲🇽 Felipe Salguero (MEX) by unanimous decision
* June 2 - WBC International Silver super bantamweight title - Manila
* Genesis Servania beats 🇲🇽 Genaro Garcia (MEX) by technical knock out in round 12/12
* June 2 - WBO International flyweight title - Manila
* Milan Melindo beats 🇨🇴 Jesus Geles (COL) by knock out in round 1/12
* June 2 - WBC Youth Intercontinental Lightweight title - 🇲🇽 Jalisco (MEX)
* 🇲🇽 Oscar Cortes (MEX) beats 🇲🇽 Armando Mariscal (MEX) by unanimous decision
* June 2 - WBC Youth female minimumweight title - 🇲🇽 Jalisco (MEX)
* 🇲🇽 Anahi Torres (MEX) beats 🇲🇽 Nancy Franco (MEX) by unanimous decision
* June 2 - WBF female flyweight title - 🇲🇽 Jalisco (MEX)
* 🇲🇽 Irma Sanchez (MEX) beats 🇲🇽 Ibeth Zamora Silva (MEX) by split decision
* June 2 - WBF super flyweight title - 🇲🇽 Jalisco (MEX)
* 🇲🇽 Juan Jose Montres (MEX) beats 🇲🇽 Victor Zaleta (MEX) by split decision
* June 2 - WBO minimumweight title - 🇲🇽 Tijuana (MEX)
* 🇲🇽 Moises Fuentes (MEX) beats 🇲🇽 Julio Cesar Felix (MEX) by knock out in round 1/12
* June 2 - WBA + WBC + WBO female welterweight title - Herning
* 🇳🇴 Cecilia Braekhus (NOR) beats 🇩🇪 Jessica Balogun (GER) by unanimous decision
* June 3 -
* June 4 -
* June 5 -
* June 6 -
* June 7 -
* June 8 -
* June 9 -
* June 10 -
* June 11 -
* June 12 -
* June 13 -
* June 14 -
* June 15 -
* June 16 -
* June 17 -
* June 18 -
* June 19 -
* June 20 -
* June 21 -
* June 22 -
* June 23 -
* June 24 -
* June 25 -
* June 26 -
* June 27 -
* June 28 -
* June 29 -
* June 30 -
Canadian football
* June 29 - Start of the Canadian Football League
Canoeing/Kayaking
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 ICF Canoe Sprint World Cup - 🇷🇺 Moscow (RUS)
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 ICF Wildwater Canoeing World Cup - 🇧🇦 Banja Luka (BIH)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 International Canoe Sprint Ruhr-Regatta - 🇩🇪 Bochum (GER)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 ICF Canoe Slalom World Cup - 🇬🇧 Cardiff (GBR)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 International Canoe Slalom - 🇮🇹 Merano (ITA)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 ICF Canoe Slalom World Cup - 🇫🇷 Pau (FRA)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 ICF Canoe Slalom World Cup - 🇪🇸 La Seu d'Urgell (ESP)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 ICF Canoe Marathon World Cup - Copenhagen
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 European Senior Canoe Sprint Championships - Zagreb
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 Young & Danubia Cup Canoe Slalom - 🇸🇰 Bratislava (SVK)
* June 25 - June 30 - 2012 European Canoe Freestyle Championships - 🇦🇹 Lienz (AUT)
* June 26 - July 1 - 2012 ICF Wildwater Canoeing World Championships - 🇫🇷 La Plagne (FRA)
* June 29 - July 1 - 2012 North American Race Series - 🇨🇦 Regina (CAN)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 International Canoe Sprint Regatta - 🇫🇷 Decize (FRA)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 North American Race Series - 🇨🇦 Ottawa (CAN)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 Midnight Ultra Canoe Marathon - 🇫🇮 Lahti (FIN)
Chess
* June 1 - June 10 - 2012 Asian Chess Championships - 🇦🇺 Sydney (AUS)
* June 9 - June 23 - 2012 FIDE Women's Grand Prix Series - 🇷🇺 Kazan (RUS)
* June 10 - June 19 - 2012 ASEAN+ Age Group Championships - Hue
* June 12 - June 21 - 2012 European Individual Schools Championship - Thessaloniki
* June 22 - June 28 - 2012 Subzonal 2.3.2 Central American Championship - Honduras
* June 24 - July 1 - 2012 Asian Youth Chess Championships - Hikkaduwa
Cue sports
* May 31 - June 2 - Nine-Ball - 2012 Diamond Nine Euro Tour - Austria Open 🇦🇹 Sankt Johann (AUT)
* May 31 - June 3 - Artistique - 2012 Individual Grand Prix - Doetinchem
* June 5 - June 8 - Snooker - 2012 Wuxi Classic Qualifiers - 🇬🇧 Sheffield (GBR)
* June 5 - June 15 - Snooker - 2012 European Snooker Championships - Daugavpils
* June 6 - June 10 - Pool - 2012 WPBA US Open - 🇺🇸 Tulsa (USA)
* June 7 - June 10 - Three-Cushion - 2012 European Team Cup - 🇫🇷 Schiltigheim (FRA)
* June 7 - June 13 - Pool - 2012 CBSA International Open - 🇨🇳 Erdos (CHN)
* June 12 - June 15 - Snooker - 2012 Australian Goldfields Open Qualifiers - 🇬🇧 Sheffield (GBR)
* June 14 - June 21 - Nine-Baall - 2012 Women's World Cup - 🇨🇳 Shenyang (CHN)
* June 18 - June 22 - Snooker - 2012 APTC1 - 🇨🇳 China (CHN)
* June 19 - Snooker - 2012 Golf Day - 🇬🇧 Northamptonshire (GBR)
* June 22 - June 29 - Nine-Ball - 2012 Men's World Cup - 🇶🇦 Doha (QAT)
* June 25 - July 1 - Snooker - 2012 Wuxi Classic - 🇨🇳 Wuxi (CHN)
* June 30 - July 6 - Pool - 2012 Teams World Championships - 🇨🇳 Beijing (CHN)
Cycling (BMX)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 USA BMX Nationals - 🇺🇸 Nashville, Tennessee (USA)
* June 28 - July 1 - X Games 2012 - BMX - 🇺🇸 Los Angeles (USA)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 USA BMX Nationals - 🇺🇸 South Jordan, Utah (USA)
Cycling (Mountain bike)
* June 1 - June 2 - 2012 4X Pro Tour - 🇮🇹 Commezzadura (ITA)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup - 🇮🇹 Val di Sole (ITA)
* June 7 - June 10 - 2012 European Continental Mountain Bike Championships - 🇷🇺 Moscow (RUS)
* June 8 - June 9 - 2012 4X Pro Tour - 🇬🇧 Fort William (GBR)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup - 🇬🇧 Fort William (GBR)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 4X Pro Tour - 🇩🇪 Willingen (GER)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 European Downhill Cup - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 European Downhill Cup - 🇩🇪 Innerleithen (GER)
* June 17 - 2012 UCI MTB Marathon Series - Caldera
* June 17 - 2012 European Continental XCM Championships - 🇨🇿 Jablonec (CZE)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup - 🇨🇦 Mont-Sainte-Anne (CAN)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup - 🇺🇸 Windham (USA)
Cycling (Road cycling men)
* May 30 - June 3 - Tour of Eritrea - 🇪🇷 Eritrea (ERI)
* Stage 1 - (1) 🇪🇷 Jani Tewelde Weldegaber (ERI), (2) 🇪🇷 Mekseb Debesay (ERI), (3) 🇪🇷 Bereket Yemane Abebe (ERI)
* Stage 2 - (1) Jacques Janse van Rensburg, (2) 🇪🇷 Freqalsi Abrha Debesay (ERI), (3) Azzedine Lagab
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Overall -
* May 30 - June 3 - Tour de Luxembourg - 🇱🇺 Luxembourg (LUX)
* Prologue - (1) 🇫🇷 Jimmy Engoulvent (FRA), (2) Grégory Rast, (3) 🇫🇷 Jonathan Hivert (FRA)
* Stage 1 - (1) 🇩🇪 André Greipel (GER), (2) 🇮🇹 Davide Appollonio (ITA), (3) 🇫🇷 Samuel Dumoulin (FRA)
* Stage 2 - (1) 🇩🇪 André Greipel (GER), (2) 🇬🇧 Ben Swift (GBR), (3) 🇧🇪 Jürgen Roelandts (BEL)
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* May 31 - June 3 - Tour de Kumano - 🇯🇵 Japan (JPN)
* Prologue - (1) 🇦🇺 Anthony Giacoppo (AUS), (2) 🇭🇰 Cheung King Lok (HKG), (3) 🇺🇦 Maksym Averin (UKR)
* Stage 1 - (1) 🇦🇷 Maximiliano Richeze (ARG), (2) 🇦🇷 Mauro Richeze (ARG), (3) 🇯🇵 Yoshimitsu Tsuji (JPN)
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Overall -
* May 31 - June 3 - Coupe des Nations Ville Saguenay - 🇨🇦 Canada (CAN)
* Stage 1 - (1) 🇰🇿 Arman Kamyshev (KAZ), (2) Patrick Clausen, (3) 🇮🇹 Thomas Fiumana (ITA)
* Stage 2 - (1) 🇫🇷 Julian Alaphilippe (FRA), (2) 🇦🇷 Eduardo Sepulveda (ARG), (3) 🇬🇧 Mark Christian (GBR)
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* June 2 - Trofeo Alcide Degasperi - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
* June 2 - Trofeo Melinda - Val di Noni - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
* June 2 - TD Bank International Cycling Championship - 🇺🇸 United States (USA)
* June 2 - June 9 - Romanian Tour - Romania
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Stage 8 -
* Overall -
* June 2 - June 9 - Tour de Slovak - 🇸🇰 Slovakia (SVK)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Stage 8 -
* Overall -
* June 3 - Coppa della Pace - Trofeo Fratelli Anelli - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
* June 3 - Memorial Philippe Van Coningsloo - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
* June 3 - Philadelphia International Championship - 🇺🇸 Philadelphia (USA)
* June 3 - GP Südkärnten - 🇦🇹 Austria (AUT)
* June 3 - Riga GP - Riga
* June 3 - June 10 - Critérium du Dauphiné - 🇫🇷 France (FRA)
* Prologue -
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Overall -
* Points -
* Mountains -
* June 4 - June 10 - Tour of Singkarak - Indonesia
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Overall -
* June 7 - GP Kanton Aargau-Gippingen - Switzerland
* June 7 - June 10 - Ronde de l'Oise - 🇫🇷 France (FRA)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* June 8 - June 10 - Internationale Mainfranken Tour - 🇩🇪 Germany (GER)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Overall -
* June 8 - June 17 - Giro d'Italia u27 / GiroBio - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2a -
* Stage 2b -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Stage 8 -
* Stage 9 -
* Overall -
* June 9 - Ronde van Zeeland Seaports - Zeeland
* June 9 - June 15 - Thüringen Rundfahrt - 🇩🇪 Thüringen (GER)
* Prologue -
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Overall -
* June 9 - June 17 - Tour de Suisse - Switzerland
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Stage 8 -
* Stage 9 -
* Overall -
* Points -
* Mountains -
* June 10 - ProRace Berlin - 🇩🇪 Berlin (GER)
* June 10 - June 11 - Kwita Izina Tour - 🇷🇼 Rwanda (RWA)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Overall -
* June 10 - June 24 - Vuelta a Colombia - 🇨🇴 Colombia (COL)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Stage 8 -
* Stage 9 -
* Stage 10 -
* Stage 11 -
* Stage 12 -
* Stage 13 -
* Stage 14 -
* Overall -
* June 12 - June 17 - Tour de Beauce - 🇨🇦 Canada (CAN)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Overall -
* June 12 - June 17 - Tour of Serbia - 🇷🇸 Serbia (SRB)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Overall -
* June 14 - June 17 - Ster ZLM Tour - Netherlands
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* June 14 - June 17 - Tour of Slovenia - Slovenia
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* June 14 - June 17 - Boucles de la Mayenne - 🇫🇷 France (FRA)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* June 14 - June 17 - Route du Sud - 🇫🇷 France (FRA)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* June 14 - June 17 - Tour des Pays de Savoie - 🇫🇷 France (FRA)
* Prologue -
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Overall -
* June 15 - June 17 - Oberösterreichrundfahrt - 🇦🇹 Austria (AUT)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Overall -
* June 16 - Golan Race I - 🇸🇾 Syria (SYR)
* June 17 - Tour de Jakarta - Indonesia
* June 17 - Flèche Ardennaise - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
* June 18 - Golan Race II - 🇸🇾 Syria (SYR)
* June 20 - Halle-Ingooigem - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
* June 20 - June 24 - National Championships - Worldwide
* June 27 - Internationale Wielertrofee Jong Maar Moedig - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
* June 28 - July 1 - Czech Cycling Tour - 🇨🇿 Czech Republic (CZE)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* June 28 - July 1 - Tour of Cappadocia - 🇹🇷 Turkey (TUR)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* June 30 - Omloop Het Nieuwsblad u23 - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
* June 30 - GP Kranj - Slovenia
* June 29 - July 12 - Tour of Qinghai Lake - 🇨🇳 China (CHN)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Stage 8 -
* Stage 9 -
* Stage 10 -
* Stage 11 -
* Stage 12 -
* Stage 13 -
* Stage 14 -
* Overall -
* June 30 - July 22 - Tour de France - 🇫🇷 France (FRA)
* Prologue -
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Stage 8 -
* Stage 9 -
* Stage 10 -
* Stage 11 -
* Stage 12 -
* Stage 13 -
* Stage 14 -
* Stage 15 -
* Stage 16 -
* Stage 17 -
* Stage 18 -
* Stage 19 -
* Stage 20 -
* Overall -
* Points -
* Mountain -
Cycling (Road cycling women)
* June 2 - Liberty Classic - 🇺🇸 United States (USA)
* June 2 - Rotselaar Classic - 🇧🇪 Rotselaar (BEL)
* June 2 - Glencoe Grand Prix - 🇺🇸 United States (USA)
* June 3 - Jubilee Road Race - 🇬🇧 Banbury (GBR)
* June 3 - Kieldrecht Classic - 🇧🇪 Kieldrecht (BEL)
* June 5 - Durango-Durango Emakumeen Saria - 🇪🇸 Spain (ESP)
* June 7 - Colchester Classic - 🇬🇧 Colchester (GBR)
* June 7 - Jun 10 - Emakumeen Euskal Bira - 🇪🇸 Spain (ESP)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Overall -
* June 9 - Belsele Classic - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
* June 9 - Trofeo Roldan - 🇪🇸 Spain (ESP)
* June 9 - Oslo Norges Cup - 🇳🇴 Oslo (NOR)
* June 10 - Sean Nolan Meath GP - 🇮🇪 Ireland (IRL)
* June 10 - Capernwray Road Race - 🇬🇧 Great Britain (GBR)
* June 10 - Oslo Individual Time Trial - 🇳🇴 Oslo (NOR)
* June 12 - Woking Classic - 🇬🇧 Woking (GBR)
* June 14 - Stoke-on-Trent Classic - 🇬🇧 Stoke-on-Trent (GBR)
* June 14 - Jun 16 - Rabo Ster Zeeuwsche Eilanden - Zeeland
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Overall -
* June 15 - Oedelem Classic - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
* June 15 - Jun 17 - Giro del Trentino Alto Adige - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Overall -
* June 16 - Passendale Classic - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
* June 16 - Bergara-Osintxu - 🇪🇸 Spain (ESP)
* June 17 - Zizurkil Classic - 🇪🇸 Spain (ESP)
* June 24 - L'Hermitage - Hermine Bretonne - 🇫🇷 France (FRA)
* June 29 - July 8 - Giro d'Italia Femminile - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
* Stage 1 -
* Stage 2 -
* Stage 3 -
* Stage 4 -
* Stage 5 -
* Stage 6 -
* Stage 7 -
* Stage 8 -
* Stage 9 -
* Stage 10 -
* Overall -
* June 30 - Steenokkerzeel Classic - 🇧🇪 Belgium (BEL)
Cycling (Track cycling)
* June 14 - 2012 Grand Prix de Vitesse de Saint-Denis - 🇫🇷 Saint-Denis (FRA)
Darts
* June 1 - June 2 - 2012 European Tour Qualifier - Double event - 🇩🇪 Brühl (GER)
* June 2 - 2012 Swiss Open - Lausanne
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 PDC Unicorn Youth Tour - Triple event - 🇩🇪 Brühl (GER)
* June 3 - 2012 Canterbury Open - 🇳🇿 Canterbury (NZL)
* June 7 - June 10 - 2012 PDC UK Open Finals - 🇬🇧 Bolton (GBR)
* June 8 - June 11 - 2012 BDO International Open - 🇬🇧 Great Britain (GBR)
* June 15 - 2012 European Tour Qualifier - Single event - 🇬🇧 Birmingham (GBR)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 Philippines National Open - Cebu City
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 Players Championship - Double event - 🇬🇧 Birmingham (GBR)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 Canadian Open - 🇨🇦 Thunder Bay, Ontario (CAN)
* June 17 - 2012 New Zealand Masters - 🇳🇿 Porirua (NZL)
* June 17 - 2012 Soft Darts World Championship Stage 4 - 🇭🇰 Hong Kong (HKG)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 European Tour - Stage 2 - 🇩🇪 Berlin (GER)
* June 23 - 2012 European Tour Qualifier - Single event - 🇩🇪 Berlin (GER)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 Central Coast Australian Classic - 🇦🇺 Gosford (AUS)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 Vienna Open - 🇦🇹 Vienna (AUT)
* June 29 - 2012 European Tour Qualifier - Single event - 🇩🇪 Düsseldorf (GER)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 Australian Grand Masters - 🇦🇺 Canberra (AUS)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 Players Championship - Double event - 🇬🇧 Crawley (GBR)
Draughts
* June 10 - June 16 - 2012 Golden Prague - 🇨🇿 Prague (CZE)
Equestrianism
* May 31 - June 3 - 2012 CDI Achleiten - 🇦🇹 Austria (AUT)
* May 31 - June 3 - 2012 CSIO Sankt Gallen - Sankt Gallen
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 CEF Pratoni del Vivaro - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
* June 7 - June 10 - 2012 Jumping Aalst - 🇧🇪 Aalst (BEL)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Manfred Swarovski Türnier - 🇦🇹 Austria (AUT)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 CSI Cittadella di Alessandria - 🇮🇹 Alessandria (ITA)
* June 12 - June 16 - 2012 World Challenge Final - 🇻🇪 Caracas (VEN)
* June 14 - June 16 - 2012 Global Championship Tour - Cannes - 🇫🇷 Cannes (FRA)
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 CSI Farrach-Zeltweg - 🇦🇹 Zeltweg (AUT)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 Eventing San Remo - 🇮🇹 San Remo (ITA)
* June 22 - June 24 - CSI Essedi Ninfa - 🇮🇹 Ninfa (ITA)
* June 22 - June 24 - CVI Budapest - 🇭🇺 Budapest (HUN)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 CSI San Remo - 🇮🇹 San Remo (ITA)
* June 28 - June 30 - 2012 Global Championship Tour - Jumping Monte Carlo - Monte Carlo
* June 29 - July 8 - 2012 10 Giorgni Equestre - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
Fencing
* June 1 - June 2 - 2012 FIE Fencing Grand Prix - 🇷🇺 Sankt Petersburg (RUS)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 FIE Fencing Grand Prix - Bern
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 FIE Fencing Grand Prix - 🇵🇱 Varsovie (POL)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 FIE Fencing Satellite - 🇮🇸 Reykjavik (ISL)
* June 3 - June 5 - 2012 FIE Fencing World Cup - 🇷🇺 Sankt Petersburg (RUS)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 FIE Fencing World Cup - 🇧🇪 Ghent (BEL)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 FIE Fencing Grand Prix - 🇨🇳 Nankin (CHN)
* June 15 - June 20 - 2012 European Fencing Championships - 🇮🇹 Legnano (ITA)
* June 15 - June 20 - 2012 Pan American Fencing Championships - 🇲🇽 Cancun (MEX)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 FIE Fencing Satellite - 🇬🇧 Newcastle (GBR)
* June 19 - June 20 - 2012 African Fencing Championships - 🇲🇦 Casablanca (MAR)
* June 19 - June 20 - 2012 Asian Fencing Championships - 🇯🇵 Wakayama (JPN)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 FIE Fencing World Cup - 🇺🇸 Chicago, Illinois (USA)
* June 29 - July 1 - 2012 FIE Fencing World Cup - 🇦🇷 Buenos Aires (ARG)
* June 29 - July 1 - 2012 FIE Fencing World Cup - 🇩🇪 Leipzig (GER)
* June 29 - July 1 - 2012 FIE Fencing World Cup - 🇨🇺 Havana (CUB)
Football/Soccer (international nations)
* June 1 - FIFA 2014 World Cup Qualifying Matches:
* June 1 - International Friendlies:
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 Baltic Cup - 🇪🇪 Estonia (EST)
* Semi Finals:
* Third Place Playoff:
* Final:
* June 1 - June 10 - 2012 OFC Nations Cup - Solomon Islands
* June 2 - FIFA 2014 World Cup Qualifying Matches:
* June 2 - International Friendlies:
* June 3 - FIFA 2014 World Cup Qualifying Matches:
* June 3 - International Friendlies:
* June 4 - International Friendlies:
* June 4 - 2012 FIFA U20 Women's World Cup Draw - 🇯🇵 Japan (JPN)
* June 6 - June 9 - 2012 NF-BOARD Viva World Cup - 🇮🇶 Kurdistan (IRQ)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Euro Beach Soccer League Stage 1 - 🇮🇹 Italy (ITA)
* June 8 - June 12 - International Match Days
* June 8 - July 1 - UEFA Euro 2012 - 🇵🇱 Poland (POL) / 🇺🇦 Ukraine (UKR)
* June 16 - June 22 - 2012 Asian Beach Games - 🇨🇳 Haiyang (CHN)
* June 26 - June 29 - 2012 UEFA Women's U17 Championship - Switzerland
Football/Soccer (international youth football)
* May 23 - June 1 - 2012 Toulon Tournament - 🇫🇷 Toulon (FRA) 2012 Toulon Tournament squads
* Semi Finals:
* Third place play-off:
* Final:
* June 1 - UEFA U21 Championship
* June 2 - UEFA U21 Championship
* June 4 - UEFA U21 Championship
Football/Soccer (international clubs)
* June 4 - GCC Champions League Final - Leg 1
* June 10 - GCC Champions League Final - Leg 2
* June 29 - July 1 - 2012 CAF Confedrations Cup Play-off round - Leg 1
Football/Soccer (domestic leagues)
* June 1 - 🇮🇪 Irish Premier League (top 3)
* June 2 - Nigerian Premier League (top 3)
* June 3 - June 4 🇦🇷 Copa Argentina (semi finals)
* June 4 -
* June 5 -
* June 6 -
* June 7 -
* June 8 -
* June 9 -
* June 10 -
* June 11 -
* June 12 -
* June 13 -
* June 14 -
* June 15 -
* June 16 -
* June 17 -
* June 18 -
* June 19 -
* June 20 -
* June 21 -
* June 22 -
* June 23 -
* June 24 -
* June 25 -
* June 26 -
* June 27 -
* June 28 -
* June 29 -
* June 30 -
Golf
* May 31 - June 3 - 2012 PGA Tour - The Memorial Tournament - 🇺🇸 Dublin, Ohio (USA)
* May 31 - June 3 - 2012 European Tour - Wales Open - 🏴 Newport (WAL)
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 LPGA Tour - LPGA Classic - 🇺🇸 Galloway, New Jersey (USA)
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 Ladies European Tour - Dutch Open - Rotterdam
* June 6 - June 9 - 2012 European Tour - Nordea Masters - 🇸🇪 Stockholm (SWE)
* June 7 - June 10 - 2012 PGA Tour - St. Jude Classic - 🇺🇸 Memphis, Tennessee (USA)
* June 7 - June 10 - 2012 LPGA Tour - LPGA Championship - 🇺🇸 Pittsford, New York (USA)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Ladies European Tour - Slovak Open - 🇸🇰 Brezno (SVK)
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 PGA Tour - US Open - 🇺🇸 San Francisco, California (USA)
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 European Tour - Saint-Omer Open - 🇫🇷 Lumbres (FRA)
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 Asian Tour - Queen's Cup - 🇹🇭 Koh Samui (THA)
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 Ladies European Tour - Swiss Open - Ticino
* June 18 - June 19 - 2012 PGA Tour - Charity Classic - 🇺🇸 Barrington, Rhode Island (USA)
* June 21 - June 24 - 2012 PGA Tour - Travelers Championship - 🇺🇸 Cromwell, Connecticut (USA)
* June 21 - June 24 - 2012 European Tour - International Open - 🇩🇪 Cologne (GER)
* June 21 - June 24 - 2012 Asian Tour - Hildesheim Open - 🇰🇷 Jecheon (KOR)
* June 21 - June 24 - 2012 LPGA Tour - LPGA Classic - 🇨🇦 Waterloo, Ontario (CAN)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 Ladies European Tour - Prague Golf Masters - 🇨🇿 Prague (CZE)
* June 28 - July 1 - 2012 PGA Tour - AT&T National - 🇺🇸 Bethesda, Maryland (USA)
* June 28 - July 1 - 2012 European Tour - The Irish Open - Antrim
* June 29 - July 1 - 2012 LPGA Tour - Arkansas Championship - 🇺🇸 Rogers, Arkansas (USA)
Grass skiing
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 Grass Skiing World Cup - 🇩🇪 Neunkirchen (GER)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 Grass Skiing World Cup - Urnäsch
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 Grass Skiing World Cup - 🇮🇹 Trieste (ITA)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 Grass Skiing World Cup - Marbach, Lucerne
Gymnastics
* May 30 - June 3 - 2012 Rhythmic European Championships - 🇷🇺 Nizhny Novgorod (RUS)
* May 31 - June 2 - 2012 Acrobatic World Cup Series - 🇩🇪 Aalen (GER)
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 Aerobics World Championships - 🇧🇬 Sofia (BUL)
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 Artistic World Cup Series - Maribor
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 Trampoline World Cup Series - 🇨🇳 Taiyuan (CHN)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 Artistic World Cup Series - 🇧🇪 Ghent (BEL)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 Trampoline World Cup Series - 🇪🇸 Albacete (ESP)
* June 22 - June 23 - 2012 Trampoline World Cup Series - Arosa
Handball
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 European Beach Handball Tour Finals - Lagoa
* June 15 - TBA - 2012 Women's Junior World Handball Championship - 🇨🇿 Czech Republic (CZE)
* June 16 - June 22 - 2012 Asian Beach Games - 🇨🇳 Haiyang (CHN)
Inline hockey
* June 1 - June 7 - 2012 IIHF Inline Hockey World Championship - 🇩🇪 Ingolstadt (GER)
Inline skating
* June 2 - 2012 European Inline Speed Skating Cup - 🇮🇹 Noale (ITA)
* June 3 - 2012 Inline Alpine World Cup - 🇮🇹 Genova (ITA)
* June 10 - 2012 European Marathon Masters Championship - 🇫🇷 Dijon (FRA)
* June 17 - 2012 Inline Alpine World Cup - 🇨🇿 Turnov (CZE)
* June 30 - July 7 - 2012 Junior Men Inline Hockey World Championship - 🇨🇴 Bucaramanga (COL)
Judo
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 Judo World Cup - Bucharest
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 Judo World Cup - 🇪🇸 Madrid (ESP)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 Judo World Cup - Lisbon
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 Judo World Cup - 🇪🇪 Tallinn (EST)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 Judo Grand Slam - 🇧🇷 Rio de Janeiro (BRA)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 Judo World Cup - 🇦🇷 Buenos Aires (ARG)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 Judo European Cup - Celje
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 European Championships Cadets - 🇲🇪 Bar (MNE)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 Judo European Cup - 🇨🇿 Prague (CZE)
* June 25 - June 28 - 2012 European Judo Team Cup - 🇨🇿 Nymburk (CZE)
* June 29 - July 6 - 2012 European Judo Team Cup - 🇪🇸 Castelldefels (ESP)
Kabbadi
* June 16 - June 22 - 2012 Asian Beach Games - 🇨🇳 Haiyang (CHN)
Karate
* May 27 - June 3 - 2012 Pan-American Karate Championships - Managua
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 European Karate Championships - 🇷🇺 Moscow (RUS)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 Karate Premier League - Jakarta
Lacrosse
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Berlin Lacrosse Open - 🇩🇪 Berlin (GER)
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 Prague Lacrosse Cup - 🇨🇿 Prague (CZE)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 Istanbul Lacrosse Open - 🇹🇷 Istanbul (TUR)
* June 20 - June 30 - 2012 European Lacrosse Championships - Amsterdam
Modern pentathlon
* June 6 - June 13 - 2012 Junior European Championships - 🇭🇺 Szekesfehervar (HUN)
* June 15 - June 20 - 2012 Kyrgyzstan Open Championships - 🇰🇬 Bishkek (KGZ)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 Kremlin Cup - 🇷🇺 Moscow (RUS)
* June 21 - June 24 - 2012 Hungarian Open Championships - 🇭🇺 Budapest (HUN)
* June 22 - June 23 - 2012 Masters Cup - 🇭🇺 Pecs (HUN)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 Polish Open Championships - 🇵🇱 Drzonkow (POL)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 Igor Novikov Cup - 🇷🇺 Sankt Petersburg (RUS)
* June 23 - 2012 Biathle World Tour - 🇬🇧 Weymouth (GBR)
* June 25 - June 30 - 2012 Kazakhstan Open Championships - 🇰🇿 Astana (KAZ)
* June 30 - 2012 Biathle World Tour - 🇩🇪 Erding (GER)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 French Open Championships - 🇫🇷 Paris (FRA)
Motor racing
* May 28 - June 8 - 2012 Isle of Man's TT Race - 🇬🇧 Isle of Man (GBR)
* June 2 - 2012 FIM Speedway U21 World Championship - Semi Final - 🇺🇦 Chervonograd (UKR)
* June 2 - 2012 FIM Speedway U21 World Championship - Semi Final - 🇮🇹 Udine (ITA)
* June 2 - 2012 FIM Long Track World Championship - Qualification - 🇫🇷 Tayac (FRA)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 FIM Trial World Championship - 🇯🇵 Motegi (JPN)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 FIM Junior Trial World Championship - 🇯🇵 Motegi (JPN)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 FIM Youth Trial Cup 125cc - 🇯🇵 Motegi (JPN)
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 FIM Trial Open International Cup - 🇯🇵 Motegi (JPN)
* June 3 - 2012 FIM Road Racing World Championship - 🇪🇸 Barcelona (ESP)
* June 3 - 2012 FIM MX1/MX2 Motocross World Championships - 🇫🇷 St. Jean d'Angely (FRA)
* June 3 - 2012 FIM MX3 Motocross World Championship - Mladina
* June 3 - 2012 FIM Women's Motocross World Championship - Mladina
* June 9 - 2012 FIM Endurance World Championship - 🇶🇦 Doha (QAT)
* June 9 - 2012 FIM Endurance World Cup - 8 Hours of Doha - 🇶🇦 Doha (QAT)
* June 9 - 2012 FIM Speedway World Championship Grand Prix - Copenhagen
* June 9 - 2012 FIM Long Track World Championship - 🇫🇮 Forssa (FIN)
* June 9 - 2012 FIM Grass Track Youth Gold Trophy - 🇩🇪 Vechta (GER)
* June 10 - 2012 FIM Superbike World Championship - 🇸🇲 Misano (SMR)
* June 10 - 2012 FIM Supersport World Championship - 🇸🇲 Misano (SMR)
* June 10 - 2012 FIM Superstock 1000cc Cup - 🇸🇲 Misano (SMR)
* June 10 - 2012 FIM Sidecar World Championship - 🇬🇧 Silverstone (GBR)
* June 10 - 2012 FIM e-Power International Championship - 🇭🇺 Hungaroring (HUN)
* June 10 - 2012 FIM MX1/MX2 Motocross World Championships - Agueda
* June 10 - 2012 FIM MX3 Motocross World Championship - Orehova Vas
* June 10 - 2012 FIM Women's Motocross World Championship - Orehova Vas
* June 10 - 2012 FIM Sidecar Motocross World Championship - 🇨🇿 Kramolin (CZE)
* June 15 - June 16 - 2012 FIM Freestyle Motocross World Championship - 🇷🇺 Togliatti (RUS)
* June 16 - 2012 FIM MotoGP Rookies Cup - [Forus|NOR|undefined]]
* June 16 - 2012 FIM Long Track World Championship - 🇫🇮 Forssa (FIN)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 FIM Trial World Championship - 🇪🇸 Peñarroya (ESP)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 FIM Junior Trial World Championship - 🇪🇸 Peñarroya (ESP)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 FIM Youth Trial Cup 125cc - 🇪🇸 Peñarroya (ESP)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 FIM Trial Open International Cup - 🇪🇸 Peñarroya (ESP)
* June 17 - 2012 FIM Road Racing World Championship - 🇪🇸 Barcelona (ESP)
* June 17 - 2012 FIM Sidecar World Championship - Rijeka
* June 17 - 2012 FIM MX1/MX2 Motocross World Championships - 🇧🇪 Bastogne (BEL)
* June 23 - 2012 FIM Women's Trial World Championship - 🇦🇩 Sant Julià de Lòria (AND)
* June 23 - 2012 FIM Speedway World Championship Grand Prix - Copenhagen
* June 23 - 2012 FIM Team Long Track World Championship - 🇫🇷 Saint-Macaire (FRA)
* June 23 - 2012 FIM Flat Track Cup - 🇨🇿 Prague (CZE)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 FIM Trial World Championship - 🇦🇩 Sant Julià de Lòria (AND)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 FIM Junior Trial World Championship - 🇵🇱 Gorzow (POL)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 FIM Youth Trial Cup 125cc - 🇦🇩 Sant Julià de Lòria (AND)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 FIM Trial Open International Cup - 🇦🇩 Sant Julià de Lòria (AND)
* June 23 - June 28 - 2012 FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship - 🇮🇹 Sardinia (ITA)
* June 23 - June 28 - 2012 FIM Women's Cross-Country Rallies World Championship - 🇮🇹 Sardinia (ITA)
* June 23 - June 28 - 2012 FIM Quads Cross-Country Rallies World Championship - 🇮🇹 Sardinia (ITA)
* June 23 - June 28 - 2012 FIM Junior Cross-Country Rallies World Championship - 🇮🇹 Sardinia (ITA)
* June 23 - June 28 - 2012 FIM Cross-Country Rallies Trophy over 450cc - 🇮🇹 Sardinia (ITA)
* June 24 - 2012 FIM SuperMoto World Championship - 🇧🇬 Pleven (BUL)
* June 28 - July 1 - X Games 2012 - Moto X - 🇺🇸 Los Angeles (USA)
* June 29 - 2012 FIM MotoGP Rookies Cup - Assen
* June 30 - 2012 FIM Road Racing World Championship - Assen
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 FIM Enduro World Championship - 🇮🇹 Castiglion (ITA)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 FIM Junior Enduro World Championship - 🇮🇹 Castiglion (ITA)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 FIM Women's Enduro World Championship - 🇮🇹 Castiglion (ITA)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 FIM Youth Enduro World Championship - 🇮🇹 Castiglion (ITA)
Netball
* June 26 - June 30 - 2012 Pacific Netball Series - Fiji
Poker
* June 1 - June 3 - WSOP Event 8/61 - Omaha Hi-Low Split-8 or Better $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 2 - June 6 - WSOP Event 9/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 3 - June 5 - WSOP Event 10/61 - Seven Card Stud $5000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 4 - June 6 - WSOP Event 11/61 - Pot-Limit Omaha $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 5 - June 7 - WSOP Event 12/61 - Heads Up No-Limit Hold'em $10000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 5 - June 7 - WSOP Event 13/61 - Limit Hold'em $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 6 - June 8 - WSOP Event 14/61 - No-Limit Hold'em Shootout $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 6 - June 8 - WSOP Event 15/61 - Seven Card Stud Hi-Low Split-8 or Better $5000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 7 - June 9 - WSOP Event 16/61 - No-Limit Hold'em / Six Handed $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 8 - June 10 - WSOP Event 17/61 - Pot-Limit Hold'em $10000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 8 - June 10 - WSOP Event 18/61 - Seven Card Razz $2500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 9 - June 11 - WSOP Event 19/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 9 - June 11 - WSOP Event 20/61 - Limit Hold'em $5000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 10 - June 12 - WSOP Event 21/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $1000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 10 - June 12 - WSOP Event 22/61 - 2-7 Triple Draw Lowball (Limit) $2500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 11 - June 13 - WSOP Event 23/61 - No-Limit Hold'em / Six Handed $3000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 11 - June 13 - WSOP Event 24/61 - Omaha Hi-Low Split-8 or Better $5000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 12 - June 14 - WSOP Event 25/61 - Limit Hold'em Shootout $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 12 - June 14 - WSOP Event 26/61 - Pot-Limit Omaha $3000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 13 - June 15 - WSOP Event 27/61 - H.O.R.S.E. $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 14 - June 16 - WSOP Event 28/61 - No-Limit Hold'em / Four Handed $2500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 15 - June 17 - WSOP Event 29/61 - Seniors No-Limit Hold'em Championship $1000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 15 - June 17 - WSOP Event 30/61 - 2-7 Draw Lowball (No-Limit) $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 16 - June 18 - WSOP Event 31/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 16 - June 18 - WSOP Event 32/61 - H.O.R.S.E. $10000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 17 - June 19 - WSOP Event 33/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $1000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 18 - June 20 - WSOP Event 34/61 - Pot-Limit Omaha / Six Handed $5000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 18 - June 20 - WSOP Event 35/61 - Mixed Hold'em (Limit/No-Limit) $2500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 19 - June 21 - WSOP Event 36/61 - No-Limit Hold'em Shootout $3000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 19 - June 21 - WSOP Event 37/61 - Eight Game Mix $2500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 20 - June 22 - WSOP Event 38/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 21 - June 23 - WSOP Event 39/61 - Pot-Limit Omaha $10000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 21 - June 23 - WSOP Event 40/61 - Limit Hold'em / Six-Handed $2500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 22 - June 24 - WSOP Event 41/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $3000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 22 - June 24 - WSOP Event 42/61 - Omaha/Seven Card Stud Hi-Low 8 or Better $2500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 23 - June 25 - WSOP Event 43/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 24 - June 26 - WSOP Event 44/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $1000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 24 - June 28 - WSOP Event 45/61 - The Poker Players Championship $50000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 25 - June 27 - WSOP Event 46/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $2500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 26 - June 28 - WSOP Event 47/61 - Pot-Limit Omaha Hi-Low Split-8 or Better $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 26 - June 28 - WSOP Event 48/61 - Limit Hold'em $3000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 27 - June 29 - WSOP Event 49/61 - Ante Only No-Limit Hold'em $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 28 - June 30 - WSOP Event 50/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $5000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 29 - July 1 - WSOP Event 51/61 - Ladies No-Limit Hold'em Championship $1000 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 29 - July 1 - WSOP Event 52/61 - 10-Game Mix / Six Handed $2500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 30 - WSOP Non-Bracelet Event: Doubles No-Limit Hold'em $560 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 30 - WSOP Non-Bracelet Event: Mega Satellite $25300 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
* June 30 - July 2 - WSOP Event 53/61 - No-Limit Hold'em $1500 - 🇺🇸 Las Vegas (USA)
Polo
* May 26 - June 10 - Coupe Laversine Challange Elie de Rotschild - 🇫🇷 Chantilly (FRA)
* June 1 - June 24 - Al Habtoor Royal Windsor Mountbatten & Prince Phillip Cup - 🇬🇧 Egham (GBR)
* June 2 - June 9 - Prince of Wales Trophy - 🇬🇧 Windsor (GBR)
* June 8 - June 10 - Mint Polo in the Park - 🇬🇧 London (GBR)
* June 15 - June 17 - Dennis Lalor Cup - 🇯🇲 Kingston (JAM)
* June 16 - July 1 - Open de Paris - 🇫🇷 Paris (FRA)
* June 19 - July 15 - Veuve Cliquot Gold Cup - 🇬🇧 Midhurst (GBR)
* June 26 - July 7 - The Eduardo Moore Tournament - 🇬🇧 Windsor (GBR)
* June 30 - Asia Cup (18 goals) - 🇬🇧 Egham (GBR)
Roller skiing
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 FIS Roller Skiing World Cup - Oroslavje
Rowing
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 International Regatta - Zagreb
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 International Regatta - Holland Cup - Amsterdam
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 International Regatta - Bled
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 International Regatta - 🇷🇺 Moscow (RUS)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Junior European Rowing Championships - Bled
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 International Regatta - 🇩🇪 Ratzeburg (GER)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 World Rowing Cup - 🇩🇪 Munich (GER)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 International Regatta - 🇨🇿 Racice (CZE)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 International Regatta - 🇬🇧 Eton (GBR)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 International Regatta - 🇦🇹 Vienna (AUT)
* June 27 - July 1 - 2012 International Regatta - 🇬🇧 Henley (GBR)
Rugby
* June 4 - June 22 - 2012 IRB Junior World Rugby Union Championship - South Africa
* June 5 - June 23 - 2012 Pacific Rugby Union Nations Cup - 🇯🇵 Japan (JPN)
* June 16 - 2012 Rugby League International Fixture - 🏴 Wales (WAL) vs. 🇫🇷 France (FRA)
* June 18 - June 30 - 2012 IRB Junior World Rugby Union Trophy - 🇺🇸 Salt Lake City (USA)
Sailing
* May 30 - June 2 - 2012 J/24 European Championship - 🇮🇹 Arzachena (ITA)
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 Laser Europa Cup - Hoorn
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 Match Race Cup - Geneva
* June 2 - June 10 - 2012 IODA Asian Championship - Trincomalee
* June 4 - June 7 - 2012 Nacra Infusion World Championship - Texel
* June 7 - June 9 - 2012 Baltic Open Regatta - Riga
* June 7 - June 10 - 2012 Nordmandy Sailing Week - 🇫🇷 Le Havre (FRA)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Laser Europa Cup - 🇸🇪 Gothenburg (SWE)
* June 9 - June 15 - 2012 J/80 World Championship - 🇬🇧 Dartmouth (GBR)
* June 9 - June 15 - 2012 Soling European Championship - Aarhus
* June 13 - June 17 - 2012 Great Lakes International Challenge Cup - 🇺🇸 Rochester (USA)
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 Parnu Sailing Week - 🇪🇪 Parnu (EST)
* June 16 - June 17 - 2012 May Day Match Race - Sneek
* June 16 - June 20 - 2012 Kieler Woche (Olympic Classes) - 🇩🇪 Kiel (GER)
* June 16 - June 22 - 2012 Asian Beach Games - 🇨🇳 Haiyang (CHN)
* June 20 - June 24 - 2012 Regate Internazionali di Napoli - 🇮🇹 Napoli (ITA)
* June 21 - June 24 - 2012 Kieler Woche (International Classes) - 🇩🇪 Kiel (GER)
* June 23 - June 29 - 2012 Musto Performance Skiff European Championship - 🇬🇧 Weymouth / Portland (GBR)
* June 25 - June 30 - 2012 ISAF Women's Match Racing World Championship - 🇸🇪 Gothenburg (SWE)
* June 25 - July 4 - 2012 Open 470 European Championships - 🇬🇧 Largs (GBR)
* June 26 - June 30 - 2012 Musto Performance Skiff World Championship - 🇬🇧 Weymouth / Portland (GBR)
* June 26 - July 1 - 2012 Kiteboard Slalom World Championship - 🇩🇪 Sylt (GER)
* June 26 - June 29 - 2012 J/22 World Championship - 🇫🇷 Arzon (FRA)
* June 26 - June 30 - 2012 Byte Cll World Championship - 🇨🇦 Kingston, Ontario (CAN)
* June 26 - June 30 - 2012 Al Bareh International Regatta - 🇧🇳 Bahrain (BRN)
* June 28 - July 4 - 2012 World Laser Radial Youth Championship - 🇦🇺 Queensland (AUS)
* June 29 - July 6 - 2012 Finn Junior World Championship - 🇫🇷 Paris (FRA)
* June 30 - July 7 - 2012 Finn Youth World Championship (Silver Cup) - 🇫🇷 Paris (FRA)
* June 30 - July 8 - IODA European Championship - 🇮🇹 Lignano Sabbiadoro (ITA)
Sepaktakraw
* June 16 - June 22 - 2012 Asian Beach Games - 🇨🇳 Haiyang (CHN)
* June 28 - July 1 - 2012 ISTAF Super Series - 🇹🇭 Bangkok (THA)
Shooting
* June 1 - June 3 - 2012 ISSF Polar Grand Prix - 🇫🇮 Lahti (FIN)
* June 1 - June 10 - 2012 ISSF World Championship Running Target - 🇸🇪 Stockholm (SWE)
* June 5 - June 10 - 2012 ISSF Grand Prix Perazzi - 🇷🇸 Belgrade (SRB)
* June 7 - June 10 - 2012 ISSF Meeting of the Shooting Hopes - 🇨🇿 Plzen (CZE)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 ISSF Grand Prix Perazzi - Pragersko
* June 18 - June 24 - 2012 ISSF Italian Green Cup - 🇮🇹 Todi (ITA)
* June 21 - June 24 - 2012 ISSF Grand Prix of France - 🇫🇷 Coizard-Joches (FRA)
* June 22 - June 26 - 2012 ISSF Italian Double Trap Grand Prix - 🇮🇹 Todi (ITA)
* June 29 - July 1 - 2012 ISSF Grand Prix Zbrojovka - 🇨🇿 Brno (CZE)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 ISSF Sako-Beretta Grand Prix - 🇫🇮 Tampere (FIN)
Skateboarding
* June 15 - June 17 - 2012 Skateboarding World Cup - 🇮🇹 Rome (ITA)
* June 22 - June 24 - 2012 SOSH Freestyle Cup - 🇫🇷 Marseille (FRA)
* June 28 - July 1 - X Games 2012 - 🇺🇸 Los Angeles (USA)
Ski jumping
* June 9 - 2012 FIS Summer Ski Jumping Cup - 🇷🇴 Rasnov (ROU)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 Summer Continental Ski Jumping Cup - 🇦🇹 Stams (AUT)
Softball
* June 27 - July 2 - 2012 World Cup of Softball - 🇺🇸 Oklahoma City (USA)
* June 30 - July 9 - 2012 International Fastpitch Championship - 🇨🇦 Surrey, British Columbia (CAN)
Squash
* May 30 - June 3 - 2012 PSA Challenger - Cerdil Squash Open - 🇧🇷 Dourados (BRA)
* June 2 - June 4 - 2012 PSA Challenger - Golden Open - 🇦🇺 Kalgoorlie (AUS)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 PSA Challenger / WISPA Tour 5 - Barossa Valley Open - 🇦🇺 Tanunda (AUS)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 PSA Challenger - Pilatus Cup - Kriens
* June 13 - June 17 - 2012 PSA Challenger / WISPA Tour 5 - South Australian Open - 🇦🇺 Adelaide (AUS)
* June 15 - June 18 - 2012 PSA Challenger - Jena International - Kuwait City
* June 18 - June 22 - 2012 WISPA Challenger - NSA Open - Pretoria
* June 19 - June 22 - 2012 PSA Challenger - iSquash Grand Prix - 🇬🇧 Rhos on Sea (GBR)
* June 19 - June 22 - 2012 WISPA Tour 5 - Corsican WSA - 🇫🇷 Corsica (FRA)
* June 22 - June 23 - 2012 PSA Challenger - Open Squash Champs - Tortola
* June 26 - June 30 - 2012 WISPA Challenger - Central Gauteng Open - Johannesburg
* June 28 - July 1 - 2012 PSA Challenger - Kent Open - 🇬🇧 Maidstone (GBR)
* June 28 - July 1 - 2012 WISPA Silver 35 - Tournament of Pyramides - 🇫🇷 Paris (FRA)
* June 29 - June 30 - 2012 PSA Challenger - Gibraltar Open - 🇬🇧 Gibraltar (GBR)
* June 30 - July 2 - 2012 WISPA Oceania Junior Squash Championships - 🇦🇺 Victoria (AUS)
Table tennis
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 ITTF North America Cup - 🇨🇦 Missisauga (CAN)
* June 3 - June 8 - 2012 ITTF Oceania Championships - Suva
* June 6 - June 10 - 2012 ITTF World Tour - 🇯🇵 Kobe (JPN)
* June 7 - June 10 - 2012 Euro-Africa Satellite Circuit - 🇸🇪 Helsingborg (SWE)
* June 13 - June 17 - 2012 ITTF World Tour - 🇧🇷 Santos (BRA)
* June 22 - June 25 - 2012 Euro-Africa Satellite Circuit - 🇲🇦 Rabat (MAR)
Taekwondo
* June 2 - 2012 ITF Tour - Portuguese Open - Loures
* June 2 - June 3 - 2012 ETU Tour - Innsbruck Open - 🇦🇹 Innsbruck (AUT)
* June 9 - June 10 - 2012 ITF Tour - IIC Argentina - 🇦🇷 Buenos Aires (ARG)
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 Panamerican Taekwondo Championship - 🇨🇦 Trois-Rivieres (CAN)
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 European U21 Taekwondo Championships - 🇦🇹 Vienna (AUT)
* June 16 - 2012 ETU Tour - Vienna Open - 🇦🇹 Vienna (AUT)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 Mediterranean Taekwondo Championships - 🇹🇷 Bursa (TUR)
Tchoukball
* June 16 - June 22 - 2012 Asian Beach Games - 🇨🇳 Haiyang (CHN)
* June 23 - June 26 - 2012 Panamerican Tchoukball Championships - Montevideo
Tennis
* May 27 - June 10 - 2012 French Open (Roland Garros) - 🇫🇷 Paris (FRA)
* Men's singles round 3
* Men's singles round 4
* May 27 - June 10 - 2012 French Open (Roland Garros) - 🇫🇷 Paris (FRA)
* Men's singles round 3
* Men's singles round 4
* May 28 - June 3 - 2012 ITF Tour - Men's Future Series
* May 28 - June 3 - 2012 ITF Tour - Women's Future Series
* June 4 - June 10 - 2012 ITF Tour - Men's Future Series
* June 4 - June 10 - 2012 ITF Tour - Women's Future Series
* June 11 - June 16 - 2012 ATP Tour - Gerry Weber Open - 🇩🇪 Halle (GER)
* June 11 - June 16 - 2012 ATP Tour - AEGON Championships - 🇬🇧 London (GBR)
* June 11 - June 16 - 2012 WTA Tour - AEGON Classic - 🇬🇧 Birmingham (GBR)
* June 11 - June 16 - 2012 WTA Tour - Gastein Ladies International - 🇦🇹 Bad Gastein (AUT)
* June 11 - June 17 - 2012 ITF Tour - Men's Future Series
* June 11 - June 17 - 2012 ITF Tour - Women's Future Series
* June 17 - June 24 - 2012 ATP Tour - UNICEF Open - Den Bosch
* June 17 - June 24 - 2012 WTA Tour - UNICEF Open - Den Bosch
* June 17 - June 24 - 2012 ATP Tour - AEGON International - 🇬🇧 Eastbourne (GBR)
* June 17 - June 24 - 2012 WTA Tour - AEGON International - 🇬🇧 Eastbourne (GBR)
* June 18 - June 24 - 2012 ITF Tour - Men's Future Series
* June 18 - June 24 - 2012 ITF Tour - Women's Future Series
* June 25 - July 1 - 2012 ITF Tour - Men's Future Series
* June 25 - July 1 - 2012 ITF Tour - Women's Future Series
* June 25 - July 8 - 2012 ATP Tour - Wimbledon Tennis Championships - 🇬🇧 London (GBR)
* June 25 - July 8 - 2012 WTA Tour - Wimbledon Tennis Championships - 🇬🇧 London (GBR)
Triathlon
* June 2 - 2012 ITU Triathlon Pan American Cup - 🇺🇸 Dallas (USA)
* June 3 - 2012 ITU Triathlon Asian Cup - 🇯🇵 Amakusa (JPN)
* June 10 - 2012 ITU Triathlon Asian Cup - 🇯🇵 Gamagori (JPN)
* June 10 - 2012 ETU Triathlon European Sprint Cup - 🇮🇹 Cremona (ITA)
* June 10 - 2012 ETU Triathlon European Long Distance Championships - 🇩🇪 Kraichgau (GER)
* June 16 - 2012 ETU Triathlon European Junior Cup - 🇦🇹 Vienna (AUT)
* June 17 - 2012 ITU Triathlon World Cup - 🇪🇸 Banyoles (ESP)
* June 23 - June 24 - 2012 ITU Triathlon World Championships - 🇦🇹 Kitzbühl (AUT)
* June 30 - 2012 ETU Triathlon European Junior Cup - 🇱🇹 Kupiskis (LTU)
Volleyball
* June 1 - June 10 - 2012 Men's World Olympic Qualification Tournament - 🇯🇵 Tokyo (JPN)
* June 1 - June 30 - 2012 Asian Men's Pacific Cup - 🇯🇵 Japan (JPN)
* June 1 - July 31 - 2012 CEV European League (M/W) -
* June 7 - June 11 - 2014 World Volleyball Championships Qualification - British Virgin Islands
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Men's World Olympic Qualification Tournament - 🇧🇬 Sofia (BUL)
* June 8 - June 10 - 2012 Men's World Olympic Qualification Tournament - 🇩🇪 Berlin (GER)
* June 8 - June 24 - 2012 Volleyball World Grand Prix
* June 12 - June 20 - 2012 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup - 🇲🇽 Colima (MEX)
* June 20 - June 25 - 2014 World Volleyball Championships Qualification - 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic (DOM)
* June 20 - June 25 - 2014 World Volleyball Championships Qualification - Grenada
* June 21 - July 1 - 2012 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup - 🇲🇽 Colima (MEX)
* June 27 - July 1 - 2012 World Grand Prix Finals - 🇨🇳 Ningbo (CHN)
Water skiing / Wakeboarding
* June 16 - June 22 - 2012 Asian Beach Games - 🇨🇳 Haiyang (CHN)
* June 30 - July 1 - 2012 NBD World Tour - 🇺🇸 Cypress, Texas (USA)
Weightlifting
* June 4 - June 9 - 2012 Oceania Weightlifting Championships - Apia
Woodball
* June 16 - June 22 - 2012 Asian Beach Games - 🇨🇳 Haiyang (CHN)
Wrestling
* June 7 - June 9 - 2012 Pan-American Junior Wrestling Championships - Peten
* June 14 - June 17 - 2012 African Junior Wrestling Championships - Antananarivo
* June 19 - June 24 - 2012 European Junior Wrestling Championships - Zagreb
* June 27 - June 30 - 2012 European Wrestling Championships - 🇧🇪 Brussels (BEL) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pinky (dolphin)
The result was no consensus. Am closing this as no consensus as there is significant disagreement over whether this fails NOT or not and the debate has already been relisted once. However I strong recommend considering the merge or just redirect option suggested by SmokeyJoe if nothing further can be written on the topic than what is already there - that is a normal editing decision however. Davewild (talk) 08:55, 10 November 2009 (UTC)
Pinky (dolphin)
* – (View AfD) (View log)
The article is about a pink dolphin in a Louisiana waterway. It seems to be WP:NOTNEWS. Warrah (talk) 21:34, 27 October 2009 (UTC) Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Tim Song (talk) 00:13, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Louisiana-related deletion discussions. — Jujutacular T · C 21:39, 27 October 2009 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so consensus may be reached.
* Keep I would encourage people to take a closer look at this subject before deciding to support deletion. While an article about a dolphin in the United States doesn't sound like it would meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines at first, the subject of this article isn't your average dolphin. This dolphin has been the subject of significant coverage in at least two reliable secondary sources: The Daily Telegraph and News.com.au. Reading these articles, I've gleaned two things establishing the subject as highly unusual: (1) the animal is believed to be the only pink dolphin in the world and (2) the dolphin has become a tourist attraction. I think these two things help establish the subject as one of the select few dolphins notable enough for their own articles, together with the fact that the subject meets the general notability guideline, as explained above. As for the WP:NOTNEWS argument presented by Jujutacular, I firmly disagree. WP:NOTNEWS states: "News coverage can be useful source material for encyclopedic topics, but not all events warrant an encyclopedia article of their own. Routine news coverage of such things as announcements, sports, and tabloid journalism are not sufficient basis for an article. Even when an event is notable, individuals involved in it may not be. Unless news coverage of an individual goes beyond the context of a single event, our coverage of that individual should be limited to the article about that event, in proportion to their importance to the overall topic." I fail to see how this subject is disqualified from inclusion by that policy in any way. A Stop at Willoughby (talk) 02:27, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
* Delete Per WP:NOTNEWS. Wikipedia does not exist to promote tourism. Edison (talk) 03:18, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
* Comment Edison, WP:NOTNEWS doesn't mention tourism once. In fact, WP:NOT does not mention tourism at all except at WP:NOTTRAVEL, which certainly doesn't apply here. I have to ask you: In what way does this violate WP:NOTNEWS? I personally don't believe it does. A Stop at Willoughby (talk) 03:40, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
* Comment I did not state that WP:NOTNEWS mentions tourism. I said this fails WP:NOTNEWS. Note that it is a "news story." One news story, picked up by a second paper the next day. Also, and as an independent observation, Wikipedia does not exist to promote tourism. This falls under "not indiscriminate information," "not a travel guide," and "not a directory" (of animals who are "tourist attractions" or who have been covered by a news story). Edison (talk) 15:34, 3 November 2009 (UTC)
* Delete. WP:NOTNEWS, but also I don't really think that the two articles add up to "significant coverage" - really all they have to say is that a pink dolphin lives in a lake in Louisiana. The fact that the dolphin exists doesn't mean Pinky's notable enough for a Wikipedia entry. Dawn Bard (talk) 16:16, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
* Redirect to Calcasieu Lake, where the content already exists. Insufficient material for a stand alone article. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 09:53, 6 November 2009 (UTC)
* Keep, clearly notable based on press coverage. International press coverage! Everyking (talk) 08:12, 10 November 2009 (UTC)
| WIKI |
LVM Install a New Physical Volume
From UNIX Systems Administration
Jump to: navigation, search
AIX
Installation of a New Physical Volume
1. # diag
2. Select: Task Selection
3. Select: Hot Plug Task
4. Select: SCSI and SCSI Raid Hot Plug Manager
5. Select: Attach a Device Attached to an SCSI Hot Swap Enclosure Device
6. Select: Slot # of the physical volume you wish to remove
7. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the new physical volume
Linux
Installation of a New Physical Volume
1. Partitioning the physical volume
1. # fdisk /dev/XXX
1. Command (m for help): n
2. p
3. Partition Number (1-4): 1
4. First cylinder(1-..., default 1): <Enter>
5. Last cylinder(1-..., default): <Enter>
6. Command (m for help): t
7. Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
8. Command (m for help): w
2. Initialize disk for use by the LVM
# pvcreate /dev/<physical_volume#>
3. If creating a new volume group
# vgcreate <volume_group> /dev/<physical_volume#>
4. If adding to an existing volume group
# vgextend <volume_group> /dev/<physical_volume#>
Further Reading
1. IBM pSeries and AIX Information Center | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Geneva Coulter
Geneva Coulter (born January 1, 1999) is a Canadian athlete that participates in women's ice sledge hockey. A member of the Canada women's national ice sledge hockey team, she competed in the first-ever IPC Ice Sledge Hockey Women's International Cup in 2014.
Playing career
Afflicted with Legg-Perthes Disease, Coulter competes at the defense position. When not with the national team, she is a member of the Edmonton Impact, having played alongside fellow national team members such as Alanna Mah and Eri Yamamoto MacDonald.
Canada Women's National Sled Hockey Team
Competing at the IPC Ice Sledge Hockey Women's International Cup from November 7–9, 2014 in Brampton, Ontario, Canada, it marked Coulter’s international debut. | WIKI |
The Best Selection of First Moritaka 1987–1993
The Best Selection of First Moritaka 1987–1993 is a compilation album by Japanese singer-songwriter Chisato Moritaka, released on February 15, 1999. The album covers Moritaka's singles from 1987 to 1993. It was released prior to her marriage to actor Yōsuke Eguchi on June 3 and her subsequent retirement from the music industry.
The album peaked at No. 6 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 74,000 copies.
Track listing
All lyrics are written by Chisato Moritaka, except where indicated; all music is composed and arranged by Hideo Saitō, except where indicated. | WIKI |
Ethnic tensions, Taliban attacks pose traps for Afghan leader
KABUL (Reuters) - Taliban advances and a shootout between gunmen from rival ethnic groups in Kabul that carried echoes of Afghanistan’s 1990s civil war have underlined the threats facing President Ashraf Ghani two years after he came to power. The skirmish earlier this month in the capital, sparked by a row over plans to re-bury a former Tajik king, was relatively minor by Afghan standards, but also a rare open display of hostility between ethnic groups that often simmers under the surface yet defines decades of conflict. At the same time, the Taliban have stepped up operations only weeks before a major conference of international donors to Afghanistan in Brussels. Last Thursday, the militant movement’s fighters appeared to walk right into the center of Tarin Kot, capital of the central province of Uruzgan, and though the insurgents were pushed back, residents say it is now a ghost town of empty roads and shuttered shops. The fighting in Uruzgan and other provinces including Helmand in the south and Kunduz in the north, plus a string of attacks in Kabul in the last few months, provide stark evidence of the Western-backed government’s inability to guarantee security, 15 years after the fall of the Taliban. NATO and Afghan security officials are on alert for more attacks after the Eid holiday this week. So far, opposition groups have avoided calling openly for Ghani to go, wary of creating a power vacuum at a time when the Taliban insurgency is gaining in intensity. But this month is the deadline by which the government was to have introduced a new structure following the disputed election of 2014, which forced Ghani to divide power with his rival, Abdullah Abdullah, in an awkward “unity” administration. The deadline is set to expire with none of those changes in place, which experts say undermines Ghani’s legitimacy at a time when the Afghan public is far from happy with his performance. “It’s a manageable situation, but the risk of it getting out of hand becomes acute around September,” said Scott Worden, director of Afghanistan and Central Asia Programs at the United States Institute of Peace in Washington. Ghani has the support of the United States, Afghanistan’s key ally; Secretary of State John Kerry said in April that Washington does not consider the deadline binding and expects the government to serve a full five-year term. Whether it lasts that long may depend on how Ghani gets on with his chief executive Abdullah, who recently accused the president of being unwilling to listen to his ministers and unfit to hold office. Senior aides say they have ironed out their differences after a series of meetings, and government unity is undamaged. “There’s an environment of better understanding and agreement,” said government spokesman Shahhussain Murtazawi. “What you see in the media doesn’t reflect reality.” While security and a lack of jobs remain top priorities, the two must also keep a lid on ethnic tensions that flared up during the dispute over the reburial of Habibullah Kalakani, a Tajik bandit who briefly reigned as king in 1929. Although eventually resolved, the dispute saw Tajik supporters exchanging fire with those backing Vice President Rashid Dostum, an ethnic Uzbek with his own large militia, who objected that the proposed burial site had connections with their own history. With the opposition unwilling to be seen destabilizing the government, the threat of an immediate political crisis appears to have waned, though risks remain. “Barring accidents, I don’t think anything decisive will happen by the end of September,” said Umer Daudzai, former interior minister and leader of the opposition Afghanistan Protection and Stability Council. But he added: “Accidents have always influenced things in Afghanistan a lot.” The Kabul attack in July on a demonstration by members of the mainly Shia Hazara community, which killed more than 80 people, had already raised fears of ethnic bloodshed, beyond the militant violence that Ghani and the Americans hope to contain. And the latest dispute has fueled bitter exchanges not only between Tajiks and Uzbeks, but also Tajiks and Pashtuns, the country’s largest ethnic group, as well as Hazaras, who have faced a long history of discrimination. Shrill rhetoric from different ethnic groups in the wake of the clash has fed into social media and local television stations, which have been awash with angry comment. How this will be judged by foreign donors who meet in Brussels in October to approve support for Afghanistan remains unclear, although they have said they would continue to provide the billions of dollars needed over the coming years. “We have achieved most of the goals set for us and we have time to reach the remaining goals,” Murtazawi said. Seen by critics and some ministers as a remote technocrat given to micromanaging, Ghani lacks a clear power base. While he may be able to count on U.S. and international backing, his own people doubt his ability to provide adequate security and enough jobs. Renewal of ethnic rivalries risks boosting the power of regional and ethnic strongmen like Dostum, who scorn efforts to impose central control on their local power bases and regularly complain of being shut out by Ghani. “The problem is that Ghani’s government is restricted to Kabul; he has little control and support outside Kabul,” said one foreign diplomat. “But it is the regional leaders who will have a big say in the upcoming political challenge.” Additional reporting by Hamid Shalizi, Mirwais Harooni, Abdul Saboor and Rupam Nair; Editing by Mike Collett-White | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Asoundd
Introduction
Hey fellow Wikipedians!
Although this account's nearing its eigth-year anniversary, I've been a lurker here since my elementary school days. Yeah, that's a long time. The lack of articles on Korean cuisine is what finally spurred me to join the community and coordinate WikiProject Food and Drink. You might also remember me from WP:RRTF (props to for all the hard work; the task force might be defunct now, but no one can say we didn't have a good run!)
Content creation is fun, but I've found myself getting increasingly involved in maintenance tasks, e.g. nominating articles for GA status, vandalism patrol using Twinkle, writing policies and guidelines, and developing moderation software. Wikipedia's more than a collection of long bodies of text; it is a community, and I'd do anything to keep it standing on its feet. I commit myself to the five pillars of Wikipedia, especially WP:NPOV, hence why I developed Biasbot AS. Editing is one hell of an adventure: you'll end up learning so many freaking cool things. I'll never forget the times how AfCs made me got me into Pepsi fruit juice flood, the Pig Olympics, United States v. 11 1/4 Dozen Packages of Articles Labeled in Part Mrs. Moffat's Shoo-Fly Powders for Drunkenness, and that someone documented the history behind those who theorize that the Moon is made of green cheese. A green cheese moon? Mmm mmm. Also, check out backward running -- maybe I'll try that out someday. You especially get that huge dopamine hit as you proudly like at your new article, Joseph LaBate, or when you mediate a battle between two pitchforked edit warr-ers at ANI.
I'm fluent in American and Canadian english. I can read Central American Spanish well enough to do basic edits over at the Spanish Wikipedia but nothing too substantial (Spanish grammatical structures are fascinating, and it's better for me to master it before trying anything ambitious). On a side note, heliographs are pretty damn cool, although they aren't used much anymore and certainly won't help much with editing :)
In high school, my interests gradually shifted into more general, scientific fields of study and advanced literature, although I still remain in a supporter role for my old WikiProjects (I'd like to revamp linguistic relativity at some point, but I'll admit that my memory of Hopi and his theories needs a refresher). You can see my older stuff here, although it is not reflective of my current work, so don't read too much into it.
Biasbot AS
I run Biasbot AS, a bot that attempts to somewhat semi-automate the enforcement of Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy by using natural language processing to detect explicit and implicit bias in articles. Take a look at the bot's userpage and this essay for a closer look.
Articles to Create/Articles of Interest to Reach GA/FA Status
I don't own these articles -- I just create and/or contribute to them. They're in no particular order, but they're all articles that I enjoy reading as much as editing, so I take my time.
Moderation/Patrol
You'll find me checking AfCs, helping users at the Teahouse, and patrolling vandalism using Igloo and Twinkle. Surprisingly, I've found that Hatnote is an effective tool for detecting edits with vandalism. You can read my essay on it here.
I'm also a mass message sender. This enables me to send out messages to thousands, if not millions, of users, and I originally used it to facilitate sending monthly newsletters for WikiProjects. I now mostly use it in an administrative role (i.e. processing deliveries from the mass message senders talk page). Please send requests through talk page the instead of contacting me directly, where it will be reviewed by the other 56 mass message senders on this wiki.
Wait, buuuut...
Yes, Wikipedia isn't reliable. The day Wikipedia reaches a plateau of complete accuracy and NPOV is the day the limits to infinity become a reality. What is true is that Wikipedia is one of the most popular mediums of information today, viewed by millions of users on the daily. My job, my bot's job, and everyone's job are to make your experience better by making content as accurately, concisely, and neutrally written as possible.
In terms of my editing style, I use what I call "blocking" edits -- trying to aggregate all changes into a single edit as opposed to multiple revisions. This makes it easier for other editors to look through the edit history and add revisions. Using the Preview window definitely helps reduce the number of edits.
(If I used the "thank" function to change your edit: You improved the article in a way I couldn't -- thank you!)
On that note, check out WP:AWB and WP:FRAM. It really hits the points on people you'll meet in this community.
Commons & Photography
I try to upload to Commons whenever I get the chance. I have some Nikon, Kodak, and Fuji models -- nothing too special though. Years ago, I took a photo of the Googleplex with my dad's iPhone and uploaded it to Commons, and now it's the headliner on the Google page and has been viewed hundreds of millions of times to this day. That's pretty big stuff for a sixth-grader, isn't it?
Tools
. WikiProject Food Rick Riordan Task Force Desk Pending Changes New Pages Feed Run Igloo Upload a non-free file Send mass messages Welcome Templates User scripts Barnstars Emoticons Edit Counter Welcome users with Snuggle Update Status Copyvio tool | WIKI |
Mike Hermann
Mike Hermann may refer to:
* Mike Hermann (American football) (fl. 2010s)
* Mike Hermann (athletic director) (fl. 1980s–2020s) | WIKI |
GM workers will remain on strike during vote at union halls
The United Auto Workers strike against General Motors will continue for at least another week as union members vote on whether to ratify a tentative contract agreement. Why it matters: The unusual decision by some 200 local union leaders from GM plants around the country means the economic pain for the company, its employees and suppliers will continue to mount at least through Oct. 25, when voting at local union halls is scheduled to conclude. Driving the news: GM and the UAW reached a tentative labor deal on Wednesday that provides raises and big bonuses with no increase in workers' out-of-pocket health care costs. But it did not solve the contentious issue over plant closures throughout the United States. Three of four plants that GM earmarked for closure last November will now be permanently shuttered. No work is being transferred from Mexico, as UAW negotiators sought. Missing from contract highlights provided to workers was any mention of GM's commitment to U.S. investments in plants or new products. GM, according to a person familiar with the talks, had previously indicated the company would invest up to $9 billion in U.S. factories, including a battery facility in Lordstown, Ohio, near the site of its shuttered assembly plant. A UAW spokesperson ducked questions about GM product commitments, saying the battery facility, for example, is not subject to the labor agreement. Go deeper: Rich payouts and plant closures in GM labor deal Buckle up: GM, Michigan and 2020 | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
4 Important Electrolytes
0
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It’s commonly known that perspiration, resulting from high-intensity workouts, depletes our bodies of electrolytes – minerals crucial to the effective functioning of our cardiac, digestive, muscular and nervous. Balanced electrolyte levels help prevent post-workout fatigue and cramping, leading to a sub-optimal performance on succeeding workouts. Other symptoms of electrolyte imbalance include dizziness, nausea, constipation, dry mouth, dry skin and achy joints. While working out, you lose the 4 most important electrolytes, each of which contributes to an essential function to the body.
Among minerals lost during high-intensity workouts are the four most important electrolytes to the body’s fluid balance: potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium.
Potassium is important because it regulates the flow of fluids and nutrients into and out of body cells and is essential to all metabolic activities. Without potassium, you won’t have control over muscle contractions due to lacking nerve impulses. Consider eating a banana to replenish lost potassium.
Don’t assume you can just increase your sodium intake and you will be good to go. It is important to consume sodium with a combination of electrolytes. If you only replenish sodium, you’ll encounter swelling of your feet, hands, and ankles. Your body also needs a combination of electrolytes to keep your hormones balanced and avoid disruption of your body’s regulation process. To replace sodium, consider eating peanut butter on a bagel as a post-workout snack.
Calcium promotes bone strength. Bone health is important while exercising due to possible stress fractures and other injuries that may occur. All while reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Professors at McMaster University have found that milk delivers more electrolytes than sports drinks. This is due to the carbs, calcium, sodium, potassium, and protein found in milk. If milk isn’t something you want to drink after a hard workout, try incorporating yogurt into your daily diet.
Magnesium aids in muscle contraction, nerve function, enzyme activation, and bone development. It also fights fatigue. When you have a magnesium deficiency, your body will tire more quickly during workouts. Replenished your magnesium levels with nuts, grains, and dried beans.
After any intense exercise, it is important to replenish these electrolytes. You can opt for electrolyte drinks such as Powerade® and Gatorade, but keep in mind these sports drinks contain high amounts of sugar. There isn’t a set window of when to refill on these electrolytes; however, the sooner the better.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Edward Hunter (journalist)
Edward Hunter (July 2, 1902 – June 24, 1978) was an American writer, journalist, propagandist, and intelligence agent who was noted for his anticommunist writing. He was a recognized authority on psychological warfare. Both contemporary psychologists and later historians would criticize the accuracy and basis of his reports on brainwashing, but the concept nevertheless became influential in the Cold War-era United States.
Early life
Hunter was born in New York on July 2, 1902.
Journalism
Hunter began his career as a newspaperman and foreign correspondent for the old International News Service.
From 1926 to 1928, Hunter worked for the Hankow Herald newspaper in Hankou, China, and traveling in Japan and China during the Japanese invasion of Manchukuo and its detachment from China. He reported on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria before spending five years in Spain covering the Spanish Civil War. He later covered the Second Italo-Abyssinian War between Italy and Ethiopia and took note of the psychological warfare methods used in all those instances as well as during the preparations by Germany for World War II.
He went on to work at several newspapers and periodicals, including The Newark Ledger, The New Orleans Item, and in his home state, The New York Post, The New York American, Tactics, and Counterattack. He later worked in France at the Chicago Tribune's Paris edition. Hunter was also active in the Newspaper Guild, the journalists' trade union, which he felt was dominated by communist sympathizers.
In January 1964 he began publication of the Tactics newsletter under the auspices of Anti-Communism Liaison, Inc. Hunter served as chairman of the organization and editor of the newsletter until 1978.
Critical reception
Historian Julia Lovell has criticized Hunter's reporting as "outlandish" and sensational. By 1956, US government psychologists largely concluded after examining files of Korean War POWs that brainwashing as described by Hunter did not exist, but the impact of his reporting was significant, and helped shaped public consciousness about the threat of Communism for decades. Lovell argues that Hunter created "an image of all-powerful Chinese 'brainwashing' ... [that] supposed an ideological unified Maoist front stretching from China to Korea and Malaya", but declassified US documents show a much more complicated and contested picture of Chinese influence and international aspirations in Asia.
Intelligence work
Hunter provided testimony to Senator Keating stating that he joined the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) about the time of Pearl Harbor and served for the life of the organization.
After the war he "helped close up shop" and continued his intelligence work under various other agencies such as SSU, the Strategic Services Unit of the U.S. Army. When the CIA was organized in 1947, Hunter joined under journalistic cover.
Psychological warfare
Hunter is widely acknowledged as having coined the term brainwashing in a 1950 article for Miami News. He first used it publicly in an article for the Miami News on September 24, 1950. In this article and in later works, Hunter claimed that by combining Pavlovian theory with modern technology, Russian and Chinese psychologists had developed powerful techniques for manipulating the mind. It was Hunter's variation of the Chinese term "xinao", meaning "cleaning the brain." As author Dominic Streatfeild recounts, Hunter conceived the term after interviewing former Chinese prisoners who had been subjected to a "re-education" process. He applied it to the interrogation techniques the KGB used during purges to extract confessions from innocent prisoners, and from there, variations were conceived - mind control, mind alteration, behavior modification, and others.
A year later, Hunter's magnum opus Brain-Washing in Red China: The Calculated Destruction of Men's Minds was published, warning of a vast Maoist system of ideological "re-education." The new terminology found its way into the mainstream in The Manchurian Candidate novel and the movie of the same name in 1962.
Congressional testimony
In March 1958, Hunter testified before the US House of Representatives' House Committee on Un-American Activities. He described the US and NATO as losing the Cold War because of the communists' advantage in propaganda and psychological manipulation. He felt that the West lost the Korean War for being unwilling to use its advantage in atomic weapons.
He saw no difference between the various communist countries and warned that both Yugoslavia and China were as bent on communist world domination as was the Soviet Union.
Later life
He died in Arlington, Virginia on September 24, 1978.
Books
* Brain-Washing in Red China: The Calculated Destruction of Men's Minds. New York: Vanguard Press (1951).
* Revised edition (1971).
* Brainwashing: The Story of Men Who Defied It. New York: Farrar, Straus & Cudahy (1956). Abstract at APA PsycNet.
* Expanded edition published as Brainwashing: From Pavlov to Powers (1962).
* The Story of Mary Liu. New York: Farrar, Straus & Cudahy (1956); London: Hodder & Stoughton..
* The Black Book on Red China: The Continuing Revolt. New York: The Bookmailer (1958).
* The Past Present: A Year in Afghanistan. London: Hodder & Stoughton (1959).
* In Many Voices: Our Fabulous Foreign-Language Press. Norman Park, GA: Norman College (1960). "These pages present a cross-section of the foreign-language newspapers in the United States."
* Brainwashing: From Pavlov to Powers. New York: The Bookmailer (1962).
* Expanded edition of Brainwashing: The Story of Men Who Defied It (1956).
* Attack by Mail. Linden, NJ: The Bookmailer (1966).
Articles
* "Heresy in Japan." The Nation (May 9, 1928), pp. 549–550.
* "Hate Made to Order." (Jul. 1937).
* "The France and Germany of Asia." Esquire (Apr. 1938), pp. 46–47, 181–184. Full issue.
* "Streamlined Atrocities." Coronet Magazine (Jun. 1938), pp. 3–8.
* "The Isms Are After Me." Harpers Monthly (Jul. 1938), pp. 218–220.
* "Enemies at Democracy's Table." Esquire, vol. 10, no. 4(59) (Oct. 1938), pp. 36-37, 143-145.
* "He Warned Us Against Japan." American Mercury (Dec. 1943), pp. 692–695.
* "Can We Make Use of Hirohito?" The Nation (Mar. 4, 1944), pp. 278–279.
* "Can We Make Use of the Japanese Emperor?" New Republic (Mar. 4, 1944), pp. 278–279.
* "'Brain-Washing' Tactics Force Chinese Into Ranks of Communist Party." Miami News (Sep. 24, 1950), p. 2A.
* "If I Were Mao Tse-Tung." American Mercury (Apr. 1952), pp. 39–48.
* "The Suicide of Recognizing Red China." American Mercury (May 1952), pp. 44–54.
* "Defeat by Default." American Mercury (Sep. 1952), pp. 40–51.
* "A Policy for Asia." American Mercury. (Dec. 1952), pp. 37–42.
* "Betrayal in Asia." American Mercury. (Jan. 1958), pp. 117–122.
* "The Indian Shell Game." American Mercury (Sep. 1958), pp. 29–35.
* "We're Asking for It in Panama." National Review (Mar. 14, 1959), pp. 583–584.
* "Murray Kempton: Unkempt." American Opinion, vol. 5, no. 10 (Nov. 1962), pp. 1-9.
* "McNamara as Sec. of Disarmament: U.S. Defense Secondary." Tactics, vol. 3, no. 5 (May 20, 1966). 8-page supplement. Full issue.
* "Why He Was Planted in Treasury: Sonnenfeldt Case Explained." Tactics, vol. 10, no. 11 (Nov. 20, 1973), pp. 8–9..
Pamphlets
* The France and Germany of Asia (1938). Chicago: Esquire-Coronet, Inc.
Testimony
* Communist Psychological Warfare (Brainwashing): Consultation with Edward Hunter. Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, 85th Congress, 2nd session, March 13, 1958. (1958) Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lawrence Brahm
The result of the debate was keep -- Samir धर्म 06:07, 8 June 2006 (UTC)
Lawrence Brahm
Seems not to meet notability standards. Nertz 05:29, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
* Keep; do you have an informed suspicion that he doesn't, or are you just assuming he doesn't? The lead Google hit is a Time article on him, the second is a search listing on Amazon UK of the three China-related books he's authored. Among other hits are citations from MSNBC, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and BusinessWeek. Ravenswing 07:57, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
* Keep - three books in amazon ( 2 apparently in stock ), and a fair few newspaper hits not related to advertising. Seems a notable enough person by WP:BIO standards - Peripitus 09:24, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
* Keep assuming that this Laurence Brahm is the author and business leader mentioned in Ravenswing's links, he meets WP:BIO. I've contacted the original author to request that sources and citations be added to this article to establish that it meets WP:BIO criteria. I'd do it myself if I had any knowledge of the subject (international business is so drearily boring...)--Isotope23 17:05, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
* Comment - He is; I went through several of the major links. Ravenswing 19:20, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
* Keep as above. Xyra e l T 19:41, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
* Keep - I created the article, and he certainly is known for more than just one sentence worth of stuff - he is indeed the same person with the books above, he has a regular columnn in the largest English language newspaper of this region, and runs a famous restaurant/club in Beijing, China. Will add some of these things to the article. -- Fuzheado | Talk 20:46, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
* Looks much better now!--Isotope23 14:09, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Clever Bins
Clever Bins Limited was a UK company that provided solar-powered street litter bins that displayed digital outdoor advertising.
Description
The Clever Bins came with A2 paper sized display panels, lit up by directional LED beams. These used military standard Riot shielding. Some models streamed messages to nearby mobile devices. They were solar-powered, with a maximum seven hours of light per charge, automatically adjusting brightness to suit the power level.
Funding
In August 2009, Sachiti failed to find an investor on the BBCs TV show Dragons' Den.
Clever Bins was partnered with Keep Britain Tidy in July 2010. on a study for which Keep Britain tidy would release the results later in 2011.
Locations
Clever Bins had a trial with the London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham.
Clever Bins could also be found outside near London's tube stations, Lakeside Shopping Centre, Manchester, Birmingham City, Tower Bridge London, and locations in Singapore, Hong Kong, Maldives and Italy. | WIKI |
Using the Generic MapStore
With the generic MapStore, you can configure a map to cache data from and write data back to an external system. This topic includes an example of how to configure a map with a generic MapStore that connects to a MySQL database.
For a list of all supported external systems, including databases, see available data connection types.
Before you Begin
You need a data connection that’s configured on all cluster members.
Quickstart Configuration
This example shows a basic map configuration that uses a data connection called my-mysql-database. See Distributed Map for the details of other properties that you include in your map configuration.
• XML
• YAML
• Java
<hazelcast>
...
<map name="myMapName">
<map-store enabled="true">
<class-name>com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore</class-name> (1)
<properties>
<property name="data-connection-ref">my-mysql-database</property> (2)
</properties>
</map-store>
</map>
...
</hazelcast>
hazelcast:
map:
mymapname:
map-store:
enabled: true
class-name: com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore (1)
properties:
data-connection-ref: my-mysql-database (2)
MapConfig mapConfig = new MapConfig("myMapName");
MapStoreConfig mapStoreConfig = new MapStoreConfig();
mapStoreConfig.setClassName("com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore"); (1)
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("data-connection-ref", "my-mysql-database"); (2)
mapConfig.setMapStoreConfig(mapStoreConfig);
instance().getConfig().addMapConfig(mapConfig);
1 The class name of the generic MapStore that’s built into Hazelcast. This implementation reads from the data connection configuration to create a SQL mapping.
2 The name of your data connection.
SQL Mapping for the Generic MapStore
When you configure a map with the generic MapStore, Hazelcast creates a SQL mapping with the JDBC connector. The name of the mapping is the same name as your map prefixed with __map-store.. This mapping is used to read data from or write data to the external system and it is removed whenever the configured map is removed. You can also configure this SQL mapping, using configuration properties.
Configuration Properties for the Generic MapStore
These configuration properties allow you to configure the generic MapStore and its SQL mapping.
As well as these properties, you can also configure general MapStore settings.
Table 1. Generic MapStore configuration options
Option Description Default Example
data-connection-ref (required)
The name of the data connection that sets up a mapping. Use this property when you have an existing data connection to an external system.
'' (empty)
• XML
• YAML
• Java
<hazelcast>
<map name="myMapName">
<map-store enabled="true">
<class-name>com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore</class-name>
<properties>
<property name="data-connection-ref">my-mysql-database</property>
</properties>
</map-store>
</hazelcast>
hazelcast:
map:
mymapname:
map-store:
enabled: true
class-name: com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore
properties:
data-connection-ref: my-mysql-database
MapConfig mapConfig = new MapConfig("myMapName");
MapStoreConfig mapStoreConfig = new MapStoreConfig();
mapStoreConfig.setClassName("com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore");
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("data-connection-ref", "my-mysql-database");
mapConfig.setMapStoreConfig(mapStoreConfig);
external-name
External name of the data (e.g. table or collection) to read from.
The name of the map.
• XML
• YAML
• Java
<hazelcast>
<map name="myMapName">
<map-store enabled="true">
<class-name>com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore</class-name>
<properties>
<property name="data-connection-ref">my-mysql-database</property>
<property name="external-name">test</property>
</properties>
</map-store>
</hazelcast>
hazelcast:
map:
mymapname:
map-store:
enabled: true
class-name: com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore
properties:
data-connection-ref: my-mysql-database
external-name: test
MapConfig mapConfig = new MapConfig("myMapName");
MapStoreConfig mapStoreConfig = new MapStoreConfig();
mapStoreConfig.setClassName("com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore");
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("data-connection-ref", "my-mysql-database");
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("external-name", "test");
mapConfig.setMapStoreConfig(mapStoreConfig);
mapping-type
SQL connector to use for the mapping.
The SQL connector is derived from the data connection in the configuration.
• XML
• YAML
• Java
<hazelcast>
<map name="myMapName">
<map-store enabled="true">
<class-name>com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore</class-name>
<properties>
<property name="data-connection-ref">my-mysql-database</property>
<property name="mapping-type">JDBC</property>
</properties>
</map-store>
</hazelcast>
hazelcast:
map:
mymapname:
map-store:
enabled: true
class-name: com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore
properties:
data-connection-ref: my-mysql-database
mapping-type: JDBC
MapConfig mapConfig = new MapConfig("myMapName");
MapStoreConfig mapStoreConfig = new MapStoreConfig();
mapStoreConfig.setClassName("com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore");
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("data-connection-ref", "my-mysql-database");
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("mapping-type", "JDBC");
mapConfig.setMapStoreConfig(mapStoreConfig);
id-column
Name of the column that contains the primary key. Do not specify a column without a unique key constraint as the id-column.
id
• XML
• YAML
• Java
<hazelcast>
<map name="myMapName">
<map-store enabled="true">
<class-name>com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore</class-name>
<properties>
<property name="data-connection-ref">my-mysql-database</property>
<property name="id-column">id</property>
</properties>
</map-store>
</hazelcast>
hazelcast:
map:
mymapname:
map-store:
enabled: true
class-name: com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore
properties:
data-connection-ref: my-mysql-database
id-column: id
MapConfig mapConfig = new MapConfig("myMapName");
MapStoreConfig mapStoreConfig = new MapStoreConfig();
mapStoreConfig.setClassName("com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore");
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("data-connection-ref", "my-mysql-database");
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("id-column", "id");
mapConfig.setMapStoreConfig(mapStoreConfig);
columns
Names of the columns to map. This value must include a subset of columns in the table. Missing columns must have a default value defined.
• XML
• YAML
• Java
<hazelcast>
<map name="myMapName">
<map-store enabled="true">
<class-name>com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore</class-name>
<properties>
<property name="data-connection-ref">my-mysql-database</property>
<property name="columns">name</property>
</properties>
</map-store>
</hazelcast>
hazelcast:
map:
mymapname:
map-store:
enabled: true
class-name: com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore
properties:
data-connection-ref: my-mysql-database
columns: name
MapConfig mapConfig = new MapConfig("myMapName");
MapStoreConfig mapStoreConfig = new MapStoreConfig();
mapStoreConfig.setClassName("com.hazelcast.mapstore.GenericMapStore");
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("data-connection-ref", "my-mysql-database");
mapStoreConfig.setProperty("columns", "name");
mapConfig.setMapStoreConfig(mapStoreConfig);
Supported backends
You can use any database as the MapStore backend as long as you have its Hazelcast SQL Connector on the classpath.
Officially supported backend databases:
• MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle (it uses JDBC SQL Connector).
• MongoDB (make sure you have hazelcast-jet-mongodb artifact included on the classpath).
Next Steps
See the MapStore configuration guide for details about configuration options, including caching behaviors. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Game Workers Unite/GA1
GA Review
The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.''
Reviewer: The Rambling Man (talk · contribs) 13:08, 14 April 2020 (UTC)
Comments
That's it for a quick first pass. On hold. The Rambling Man (Stay indoors, stay safe!!!!) 16:39, 14 April 2020 (UTC)
* " Game Developers' Conference" no apostrophe according to our article.
* " Its British chapter " lost the subject in the preceding sentence.
* "within Independent " within the Independent...
* "end unfair overtime" isn't "unfair" a point of view?
* " tech industries " etc technology (encyclopedia).
* Link Discord/Facebook first time.
* "Their activists... ", "Their goal..." I thought in USEng there was quite a strict adherence to singular here, after all the organization known as "Game Workers Unite" is a singular entity, right?
* Generally, yes, but my understanding is that it's fine when emphasizing the group as individuals, e.g., "their activists" makes them sound like mercenaries when the collective is really just composed of individuals czar 04:00, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
* "esports" link. To some this just looks like a typo.
* I'd argue that it looks like a typo either way :) (I opposed that move) czar 04:00, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
* Should "game developers" be "game developers'"?
* "a private game developers Facebook Group"? Nope, I think that's fine. czar 04:00, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
* " at the Game Developers' Conference " again, ironically, no apostrophe here apparently.
* "The results were a turning point ..." according to whom?
* In the source: "GDC 2018 marks a significant turning point for the industry undercurrent of pro-union sentiment." I don't think this necessitates attribution or is controversial and the sentence has a direct citation czar 04:00, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
* "founded[4] and" move that more elegantly, and do we not know exactly when?
* Not that I've seen in print. Probably because it's a collective and not (to my knowledge) formally incorporated? Stylistically, I prefer to keep the footnote as close to the cited text to preserve text–source integrity. czar 04:00, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
* "AFL–CIO" en-dash.
* "based on his staff and fan supporters" based on his staff what?
* What about Game Workers Unite Ireland?
* I haven't seen any news coverage about this branch, so it appears minor at the moment. After digging, I found this article but don't see anything worth importing. czar 04:00, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
* , thanks for the review! I've responded above to anything I haven't addressed directly in prose. czar 04:00, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
* No worries, happy with this so promoting. The Rambling Man (Stay indoors, stay safe!!!!) 17:00, 15 April 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
In 1861, rubidium was discovered spectroscopically when a very distinctive, ruby-red colour spectral line was observed. The new element was given the name rubidium, from the Latin name rubidus, meaning "deep red".
Rubidium is an alkali metal. It is one of the few metals that can exist in its liquid form in a slightly warm environment (melting point is 39oC). As a member of this group, it is highly reactive and cannot exist in its elemental state in nature because it reacts with air and moisture to produce compounds. Rubidium undergoes spontaneous combustion when exposed to air at room temperature. It also reacts violently in water. The pure metal has to be stored and transported in containers of kerosene or nitrogen gas, or in a vacuum bottle.
Rubidium can be found as an impurity in lithum and cesium ores. Most rubidium is recovered from the byproducts of lithium-refining operations. Naturally occurring rubidium comprises of two isotopes, one of which is radioactive.
Rubidium's chief uses are in electronic devices such as vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes, and photocells. It has been used to locate brain tumours, as it collects in tumours but not in normal tissue.
BCIT Chemistry Resource Center
http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/resource/ | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
×
Higher composition laws. II: On cubic analogues of Gauss composition. (English) Zbl 1169.11044
In the first article [Ann. Math. (2) 159, No. 1, 217–250 (2004; Zbl 1072.11078)] of this series, the author presented a new interpretation of Gauss composition on equivalence classes of binary quadratic forms, which led to several new composition laws on other spaces of forms. Replacing the \(2 \times 2 \times 2\)-cubes in the theory of binary quadratic forms by \(3 \times 3 \times 3\)-cubes, one ends up with a group law on ternary cubic forms in the following way: the cube \(C\) can be sliced in three different ways into triples \((L_i,M_i,N_i)\) of \(3 \times 3\)-matrices, and setting \(f_i(x,y,z) = - \det(L_i x + M_i y + N_i z)\) defines three ternary cubic forms attached to \(C\). Demanding that \([f_1] + [f_2] + [f_3] = [f]\) for some chosen “principal form” \(f\) and suitably defined equivalence classes with respect to the action of \(\text{GL}_3(\mathbb Z)^3\) gives a group law on classes of ternary cubic forms, which is, however, not presented in detail since the author is mainly interested in decomposable forms, i.e. norm forms attached to some cubic ring.
To this end, he considers \(2 \times 3 \times 3\)-cubes, which are described as pairs \((A,B)\) of \(3 \times 3\)-matrices, or, equivalently, as elements of the tensor product \(\mathbb Z^2 \otimes \mathbb Z^3 \otimes \mathbb Z^3\). For studying the natural action of \(\text{GL}_2(\mathbb Z) \times \text{GL}_3(\mathbb Z) \times \text{GL}_3(\mathbb Z)\) on these pairs of matrices it is sufficient to consider the subgroup \(\Gamma = \text{GL}_2(\mathbb Z) \times \text{SL}_3(\mathbb Z) \times \text{SL}_3(\mathbb Z)\). The last two components leave the cubic form \(f(x,y) = \det (Ax - By)\) invariant, and the first component acts on \(f\) in the classical way. The unique polynomial invariant of the \(\Gamma\)-action on \((A,B)\) is \(\text{disc}(A,B) = \text{disc}(\det(Ax-By))\). A classical result due to F. Levi [Leipz. Ber. 66, 26–37 (1914; JFM 45.0336.02)] and usually credited to B. N. Delone and D. K. Faddeev [The theory of irrationalities of the third degree (Russian). Tr. Mat. Inst. Steklova 11, 340 p. (1940; Zbl 0061.09001; JFM 66.0120.03); Engl. Transl. Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society (1964; Zbl 0133.30202)] (Delone mentions Levi’s contribution in the preface of the book) states that there is a bijection between \(\text{GL}_2(\mathbb Z)\)-equivalence classes of integral binary cubic forms \(f\) and isomorphism classes of cubic rings \(R\) with the same discriminant.
Let \(R\) be a cubic ring with quotient field \(K = R \otimes \mathbb Q\). A pair \((I,I')\) of fractional \(R\)-ideals in \(K\) is called balanced if \(II' \subseteq R\) and \(N(I) N(I') = 1\). Two such pairs \((I_1,I_1')\) and \((I_2,I_2')\) are called equivalent if there is a \(\kappa \in K^\times\) with \(I_1 = \kappa I_2\) and \(I_2' = \kappa I_1'\). If \(R\) is a Dedekind ring, the equivalence classes of balanced pairs are simply pairs of ideal classes inverse to each other. The author shows that there is a bijection between nondegenerate \(\Gamma\)-orbits on \(\mathbb Z^2 \otimes \mathbb Z^3 \otimes \mathbb Z^3\) and the set of isomorphism classes of pairs \((R,(I,I'))\), where \(R\) is a nondegenerate cubic ring and \((I,I')\) an equivalence class of balanced pairs of ideals in \(R\).
Just as imposing a symmetry condition on integer cubes allows the extraction of information on the \(3\)-part of the class group of quadratic fields, it is possible to describe the \(2\)-class group of cubic rings by imposing a symmetry condition on \(2 \times 3 \times 3\)-cubes, which leads to pairs \((A,B)\) of symmetric \(3 \times 3\)-matrices, or equivalently, to pairs of ternary quadratic forms.
In the last section, the composition laws on binary cubic forms, pairs of ternary quadratic forms and pairs of senary alternating \(2\)-forms are connected with exceptional Lie groups.
For Parts III and IV, see Ann. Math. (2) 159, No. 3, 1329–1360 (2004; Zbl 1169.11045) and Ann. Math. (2) 167, No. 1, 53–94 (2008; Zbl 1173.11058).
MSC:
11R11 Quadratic extensions
11R29 Class numbers, class groups, discriminants
11E76 Forms of degree higher than two
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Full Text: DOI | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T > Class Template Reference
#include <threads.h>
Public Types
typedef T const_iterator
Public Member Functions
BlockedRange (const unsigned int new_grainsize=1000)
BlockedRange (const const_iterator first, const const_iterator last, const unsigned int new_grainsize=1000)
BlockedRange (const BlockedRange< T > &r)
BlockedRange (BlockedRange< T > &r, Threads::split)
void reset (const const_iterator first, const const_iterator last)
const_iterator begin () const
const_iterator end () const
unsigned int grainsize () const
void grainsize (const unsigned int &gs)
int size () const
bool empty () const
bool is_divisible () const
Private Attributes
const_iterator _end
const_iterator _begin
unsigned int _grainsize
Detailed Description
template<typename T>
class libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >
Blocked range which can be subdivided and executed in parallel.
Definition at line 121 of file threads.h.
Member Typedef Documentation
◆ const_iterator
template<typename T>
typedef T libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::const_iterator
Allows an StoredRange to behave like an STL container.
Definition at line 127 of file threads.h.
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
◆ BlockedRange() [1/4]
template<typename T>
libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::BlockedRange ( const unsigned int new_grainsize = 1000)
inlineexplicit
Constructor. Optionally takes the grainsize parameter, which is the smallest chunk the range may be broken into for parallel execution.
Definition at line 134 of file threads.h.
134 :
135 _grainsize(new_grainsize)
136 {}
◆ BlockedRange() [2/4]
template<typename T>
libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::BlockedRange ( const const_iterator first,
const const_iterator last,
const unsigned int new_grainsize = 1000
)
inline
Constructor. Takes the beginning and end of the range. Optionally takes the grainsize parameter, which is the smallest chunk the range may be broken into for parallel execution.
Definition at line 144 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::reset().
146 :
147 _grainsize(new_grainsize)
148 {
149 this->reset(first, last);
150 }
void reset(const const_iterator first, const const_iterator last)
Definition: threads.h:192
◆ BlockedRange() [3/4]
template<typename T>
libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::BlockedRange ( const BlockedRange< T > & r)
inline
Copy constructor. The StoredRange can be copied into subranges for parallel execution. In this way the initial StoredRange can be thought of as the root of a binary tree. The root element is the only element which interacts with the user. It takes a specified range of objects and packs it into a contiguous vector which can be split efficiently. However, there is no need for the child ranges to contain this vector, so long as the parent outlives the children. So we implement the copy constructor to specifically omit the _objs vector.
Definition at line 165 of file threads.h.
165 :
166 _end(r._end),
167 _begin(r._begin),
168 _grainsize(r._grainsize)
169 {}
◆ BlockedRange() [4/4]
template<typename T>
libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::BlockedRange ( BlockedRange< T > & r,
Threads::split
)
inline
Splits the range r. The first half of the range is left in place, the second half of the range is placed in *this.
Definition at line 176 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_begin, and libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_end.
176 :
177 _end(r._end),
178 _begin(r._begin),
179 _grainsize(r._grainsize)
180 {
182 beginning = r._begin,
183 ending = r._end,
184 middle = beginning + (ending - beginning)/2u;
185
186 r._end = _begin = middle;
187 }
Member Function Documentation
◆ begin()
template<typename T>
const_iterator libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::begin ( ) const
inline
Beginning of the range.
Definition at line 202 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_begin.
202 { return _begin; }
◆ empty()
template<typename T>
bool libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::empty ( ) const
inline
Returns
true if the range is empty.
Definition at line 232 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_begin, and libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_end.
232 { return (_begin == _end); }
◆ end()
template<typename T>
const_iterator libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::end ( ) const
inline
End of the range.
Definition at line 207 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_end.
207 { return _end; }
◆ grainsize() [1/2]
template<typename T>
unsigned int libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::grainsize ( ) const
inline
The grain size for the range. The range will be subdivided into subranges not to exceed the grain size.
Definition at line 213 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_grainsize.
Referenced by libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::is_divisible().
213 {return _grainsize;}
◆ grainsize() [2/2]
template<typename T>
void libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::grainsize ( const unsigned int & gs)
inline
Set the grain size.
Definition at line 218 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_grainsize.
218 {_grainsize = gs;}
◆ is_divisible()
template<typename T>
bool libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::is_divisible ( ) const
inline
Returns
true if the range can be subdivided.
Definition at line 237 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_begin, libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_end, and libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::grainsize().
237 { return ((_begin + this->grainsize()) < _end); }
unsigned int grainsize() const
Definition: threads.h:213
◆ reset()
template<typename T>
void libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::reset ( const const_iterator first,
const const_iterator last
)
inline
Resets the StoredRange to contain [first,last).
Definition at line 192 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_begin, and libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_end.
Referenced by libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::BlockedRange().
194 {
195 _begin = first;
196 _end = last;
197 }
◆ size()
template<typename T>
int libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::size ( ) const
inline
Returns
The size of the range.
Definition at line 223 of file threads.h.
References libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_begin, and libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_end.
223 { return (_end -_begin); }
Member Data Documentation
◆ _begin
◆ _end
◆ _grainsize
template<typename T>
unsigned int libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::_grainsize
private
Definition at line 243 of file threads.h.
Referenced by libMesh::Threads::BlockedRange< T >::grainsize().
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
BRIEF-Bellway expects FY housing revenue to increase by over 13 pct
Aug 8 (Reuters) - BELLWAY PLC * ISSUING A TRADING UPDATE FOR YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2017 AHEAD OF ITS PRELIMINARY RESULTS ANNOUNCEMENT ON TUESDAY 17 OCTOBER 2017 * FY HOUSING REVENUE IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY OVER 13% TO £2.5 BILLION * OPERATING MARGIN IS EXPECTED TO RISE TO SLIGHTLY IN EXCESS OF 22% FOR YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2017 * ORDER BOOK AT 31 JULY 2017 ROSE BY 16% TO £1,296.3 MILLION Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: (Bangalore.newsroom@thomsonreuters.com) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Johnson - Rambler 3.djvu/60
50 is commonly cut off, and their successors are frighted into new expedients; the art of thievery is augmented with greater variety of fraud, and subtilized to higher degrees of dexterity, and more occult methods of conveyance. The law then renews the pursuit in the heat of anger, and overtakes the offender again with death. By this practice, capital inflictions are multiplied, and crimes, very different in their degrees of enormity, are equally subjected to the severest punishment that man has the power of exercising upon man.
The lawgiver is undoubtedly allowed to estimate the malignity of an offence, not merely by the loss or pain which single acts may produce, but by the general alarm and anxiety arising from the fear of mischief and insecurity of possession: he therefore exercises the right which societies are supposed to have over the lives of those that compose them, not simply to punish a transgression, but to maintain order and preserve quiet; he enforces those laws with severity that are most in danger of violation, as the commander of a garrison doubles the guard on that side which is threatened by the enemy.
This method has been long tried, but tried with so little success, that rapine and violence are hourly increasing: yet few seem willing to despair of its efficacy, and of those who employ their speculations upon the present corruption of the people, some propose the introduction of more horrid, lingering, and terrifick punishments; some are inclined to accelerate the executions; some to discourage pardons; and all seem to think that lenity has given confidence to | WIKI |
Northern Jersey Orthopedic Center
Hand and Wrist Conditions
Disorders of the upper extremity include problems of the hand, wrist, and elbow. Disability often can be chronic or work-related overuse injuries and can also be traumatic fractures or ligament disruptions.
Carpal and Cubital Tunnel Syndromes
Hand - Carpal and Cubital Tunnel Syndromes - Orthopedic
Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the tissues surrounding the flexor tendons in the wrist swell and put pressure on the median nerve. These tissues are called the synovium. The synovium lubricates the tendons and makes it easier to move the fingers. This swelling of the synovium narrows the confined space of the carpal tunnel, and over time, crowds the nerve. Similarly, pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow from overuse or anatomy problems can cause symptoms similar to carpal tunnel in the hand. Our physicians can help diagnose and treat these problems both surgically and non-operatively.
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Tears
Hand - Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)- Orthopedic
The TFCC is a cushioning cartilage in the wrist, akin to the meniscus of the knee. Like the meniscus, it has a poor blood supply providing limited ability to heal. Oftentimes, the wrist pain associated with TFCC tears are felt on the ulnar side (on the pinky side) of the wrist. The pain can often be managed with activity modification, bracing or injections. Sometimes arthroscopic surgery is necessary to repair or clean the tear to alleviate the pain.
Wrist Fractures
Wrist - Wrist Fractures - Orthopedic
Wrist fractures are one of the mostly seen injuries in our office. Slips and falls onto outstretched arm will often cause a break in the bone. Some fractures just need to be casted while others require surgery to stabilize the fracture.
DeQuervain's Tenosynovitis
Wrist - DeQuervain's Tenosynovitis - Orthopedic
De Quervain's tenosynovitis occurs when the tendons around the base of the thumb are irritated or constricted. The word "tendinosis" refers to a swelling of the tendons. Swelling of the tendons, and the tendon sheath, can cause pain and tenderness along the thumb side of the wrist. This is particularly noticeable when forming a fist, grasping or gripping something, or when turning the wrist. Bracing and anti-inflammatory medication are often very helpful to reduce the pain and improve function. Sometimes injections or surgery is necessary when other modalities have failed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Synchronet v3.19b-Win32 (install) has been released (Jan-2022).
You can donate to the Synchronet project using PayPal.
ASC2ANS
Converts a Synchronet ASCII text file encoded with Ctrl-A codes (e.g. *.msg or *.asc file) to the equivalent ANSI terminal escape sequences.
This utility allows you to convert files that use Ctrl-A codes (attributes) into ANSI files suitable for viewing or editing with a ANSI Editors (the opposite function of the ANS2ASC utility).
The syntax is:
asc2ans infile.asc [outfile.ans] [options]
Option Description
-strip strip Ctrl-A codes without ANSI equivalent, e.g. pause, delay
The suffix/extension for the input filename will most likely be .asc or .msg and the output file should have a .ans extension.
If an [outfile.ans] argument is not provided, the converted ANSI output is sent to stdout.
See Also
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jackie Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia. (Setting) Jackie was the youth of the family, and he was nurtured in poverty by a single mother. (Protagonist) He spent his high school years at John Muir High School and his college years at Pasadena Junior College.
The early 1900’s was the era of progressivism, during which socioeconomic equity was paramount concern. African American took part in the era with the objective to establish first class citizenship. In this brought upon polarized views on the most effective methods for invoking change. The first well known black leader Booker T. Washington reintroduced the idea of traditional gradualism... Washington came in conflict with Du Bois an opposing leader who viewed change as rapid and continuous.
The life of Lou Gehrig will always be remembered. He is one of the greatest 1920’s icons anyone is ever going to see. He was one of the first to get ALS which is also name after him as “Lou Gehrig’s Disease”. One of the most famous quotes he made before he died of this was on the 4th of July where he said, “Fans, for the past two weeks you have been reading about a bad break I got. Yet today I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth”.
The Roaring 20’s brought many great changes to America. New technology, economic boom, and cultural change strived. George Herman “Babe” Ruth Jr., an American baseball player, was one of eight children born to a saloon keeper. He was taught at St. Mary’s Industrial School for Boys, where his love and passion for the game, began. Little did anyone know, soon, America would be home to the legend of baseball.
The World Series is basically the championship of baseball. The New York Yankees have won 26 World Series titles, which is more than any other team. The first woman owner of a major league team was Helene Britton, who owned the St. Louis Cardinals from 1911 to 1917
“Breaking Barriers” Jackie Robinson once said “During my life, I have had a few nightmares that has happened to me while I was awake…”. It is tough having a family member that you love dearly go through so much pain. My grandfather had a stroke about 4 years ago. Ever since then he has been slowly dying. I have got through this barrier in life with persistence just like Jackie Robinson did.
In the past, the face of baseball was scattered but pretty easy to find. We’ll start this in the ‘90s—because that’s when I was born, so yes I’m a millennial and like the bat-flip—but I’ll talk about that later. Let’s start in the ‘90s where baseball was quote, unquote reborn with Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire hitting a homerun every other time they stepped to the plate.
The quote, “ Everyday is a new opportunity. You can either build on yesterday’s success or put its failures behind and start over again. That is the way life is, with a new game everyday, and that is the way baseball is.” - Bob Feller. That quote has irony on how to be successful, likewise that baseball has helped me become successful.
“The term American Dream was first used by the historian James Truslow Adams in 1931 to explain what had attracted millions of people of all nations to settle in America” (American Dream then and now 1). The idea of the “American Dream” has changed for all ethnic groups throughout time; but my primary focus is African Americans. In general, “The early settlers in America hoped for a better life than the one they had left behind in Europe. Their main reasons for leaving Europe were religious persecution, political oppression and poverty” (American Dream then and now 1). Today, “Critics see the American Dream as a clever political and economic strategy” (American Dream then and now 2).
My favorite sport is baseball, the American pastime. Unfortunately baseball is losing its fan base to other more action driven sports, however it has always been my favorite. The fact that you can trace baseball back so many years is cool to me. It's like I'm watching a bit of history when I go to a game. Nothing beats going to a baseball game and seeing all the raging fans cheer for their team. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Paralympic sports
The Paralympic sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. As of 2020, the Summer Paralympics included 22 sports and 539 medal events, and the Winter Paralympics include 5 sports and disciplines and about 80 events. The number and kinds of events may change from one Paralympic Games to another.
The Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities or intellectual impairments. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations, blindness, and cerebral palsy. Paralympic sports refers to organized competitive sporting activities as part of the global Paralympic movement. These sports are organized and run under the supervision of the International Paralympic Committee and other international sports federations.
History
Organized sport for persons with physical disabilities developed out of rehabilitation programs. Following World War II, in response to the needs of large numbers of injured ex-service members and civilians, sport was introduced as a key part of rehabilitation. Sport for rehabilitation grew into recreational sport and then into competitive sport. The pioneer of this approach was Ludwig Guttmann of the Stoke Mandeville Hospital in England. In 1948, while the Olympic Games were being held in London, England, he organized a sports competition for wheelchair athletes at Stoke Mandeville. This was the origin of the Stoke Mandeville Games, which evolved into the modern Paralympic Games.
Organization
Globally, the International Paralympic Committee is recognized as the leading organization, with direct governance of nine sports, and responsibility over the Paralympic Games and other multi-sport, multi-disability events. Other international organizations, notably the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA), International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability (INAS) and the Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA) govern some sports that are specific to certain disability groups. In addition, certain single-sport federations govern sports for athletes with a disability, either as part of an able-bodied sports federation such as the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), or as a disabled sports federation such as the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation.
At the national level, there are a wide range of organizations that take responsibility for Paralympic sport, including National Paralympic Committees, which are members of the IPC, and many others.
Disability categories
Athletes who participate in Paralympic sport are grouped into ten major categories, based on their type of disability:
Physical Impairment - There are eight different types of physical impairment recognized by the movement:
* Impaired muscle power - With impairments in this category, the force generated by muscles, such as the muscles of one limb, one side of the body or the lower half of the body is reduced, e.g. due to spinal-cord injury, spina bifida or polio.
* Impaired passive range of movement - Range of movement in one or more joints is reduced in a systematic way. Acute conditions such as arthritis are not included.
* Loss of limb or limb deficiency - A total or partial absence of bones or joints from partial or total loss due to illness, trauma, or congenital limb deficiency (e.g. dysmelia).
* Leg-length difference - Significant bone shortening occurs in one leg due to congenital deficiency or trauma.
* Short stature - Standing height is reduced due to shortened legs, arms and trunk, which are due to a musculoskeletal deficit of bone or cartilage structures.
* Hypertonia - Hypertonia is marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia may result from injury, disease, or conditions which involve damage to the central nervous system (e.g. cerebral palsy).
* Ataxia - Ataxia is an impairment that consists of a lack of coordination of muscle movements (e.g. cerebral palsy, Friedreich’s ataxia).
* Athetosis - Athetosis is generally characterized by unbalanced, involuntary movements and a difficulty maintaining a symmetrical posture (e.g. cerebral palsy, choreoathetosis).
Visual Impairment - Athletes with visual impairment ranging from partial vision, sufficient to be judged legally blind, to total blindness. This includes impairment of one or more component of the visual system (eye structure, receptors, optic nerve pathway, and visual cortex). The sighted guides for athletes with a visual impairment are such a close and essential part of the competition that the athlete with visual impairment and the guide are considered a team. Beginning in 2012, these guides (along with sighted goalkeepers in 5-a-side football became eligible to receive medals of their own.
Intellectual Disability - Athletes with a significant impairment in intellectual functioning and associated limitations in adaptive behaviour. The IPC primarily serves athletes with physical disabilities, but the disability group Intellectual Disability has been added to some Paralympic Games. This includes only elite athletes with intellectual disabilities diagnosed before the age of 18. However, the IOC-recognized Special Olympics World Games are open to all people with intellectual disabilities.
The disability category determines who athletes compete against and which sports they participate in. Some sports are open to multiple disability categories (e.g. cycling), while others are restricted to only one (e.g. Five-a-side football). In some sports athletes from multiple categories compete, but only within their category (e.g. athletics), while in others athletes from different categories compete against one another (e.g. swimming). Events in the Paralympics are commonly labelled with the relevant disability category, such as Men's Swimming Freestyle S1, indicating athletes with a severe physical impairment, or Ladies Table Tennis 11, indicating athletes with an intellectual disability.
Classification
A major component of Paralympic sport is classification. Classification provides a structure for competition which allows athletes to compete against others with similar disabilities or similar levels of physical function. It is similar in aim to the weight classes or age categories used in some non-disabled sports.
Athletes are classified through a variety of processes that depend on their disability group and the sport they are participating in. Evaluation may include a physical or medical examination, a technical evaluation of how the athlete performs certain sport-related physical functions, and observation in and out of competition. Each sport has its own specific classification system which factors into the rules for Olympic competition in the sport.
Current summer sports
The following table lists the currently practiced Paralympic sports,
Possible future summer sports
On June 12, 2024, the organizing committee for the 2028 Summer Paralympics in Los Angeles, announced they would propose Paraclimbing (a variation on sport climbing, which has been an Olympic sport since 2020). The IPC executive board will review and vote on the proposal during a meeting on June 26, 2024.
Possible future winter sports
Bob Balk, the chairman of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Athletes' Council, launched a campaign in early 2012 to have sliding sports (bobsleigh, luge and skeleton) included at the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea.
At the meeting in Madrid, Spain, on 10 and 11 September 2018, the IPC executive board announced that Para Bobsleigh had failed in some evaluation criteria and would not be part of the official program for the 2022 Winter Paralympic Games.
Abbreviations
* Governing bodies:
* BISFed — Boccia International Sports Federation
* CP-ISRA — Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association
* IFDS — International Association for Disabled Sailing
* IBSA — International Blind Sports Federation
* ICF — International Canoe Federation
* ICF — International Curling Federation
* FEI — International Federation for Equestrian Sports
* IPC — International Paralympic Committee (including Paralympic athletics, Paralympic DanceSport, Paralympic swimming, Paralympic shooting, Paralympic powerlifting, Para-alpine skiing, Paralympic biathlon, Paralympic cross-country skiing, Para ice hockey, Para snowboarding)
* INAS-FID — International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability
* FISA — International Rowing Federation
* ITTF — International Table Tennis Federation
* ITF — International Tennis Federation
* ITU — International Triathlon Union
* IWAS — International Wheelchair and Amputee Sport Federation
* IWBF — International Wheelchair Basketball Federation
* IWRF — International Wheelchair Rugby Federation
* UCI — International Cycling Union
* WCF — World Curling Federation
* WA — World Archery
* WOVD — World Organization Volleyball for Disabled | WIKI |
Best Source of Amino Acids
Amino acids play a crucial role in everyone’s body but it is more apparent in athletes and people who participate in strenuous activities. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, our bodies use them to rebuild damaged tissue and also make new tissue when stimulated to do so.
There are 22 total standard amino acids and of those 22 our bodies can only produce 14 of them. The other 8 need to be in our dietary intake. These 8 amino acids are known as the essential amino acids. The other 14 are known as the disposable amino acids because we can make them within our bodies as needed.
So Where Do You Get Amino Acids?
The best sources of amino acids are in proteins. Understanding the makeup up of amino acids would help you realize that because protein is made of amino acids, so it makes sense that the best source of amino acids is from protein itself. The body breaks down protein and uses the amino acids within to create its own tissue. Think of it as taking down an old brick house and using those bricks to repair and re-create your own brick house.Amino Acids
All the animal protein sources you are already familiar with are good sources of amino acids. Things like chicken, beef and fish. If you are not into eating animal products or meat in particular there are other options. Eggs, beans and legumes can give you amino acids as well although they will not be as abundant as in animal proteins like poultry.
Amino Acid Supplements
Whether you eat animal protein or not, it cannot always be assumed that your body is getting an optimal amount of amino acids from dietary sources (vegans especially have to worry about their amino acid intake). Many performance athletes use amino acid supplements so they know that their body can recover from strenuous activity optimally.
Along with recovery, athletes want to increase strength and performance. Amino acid supplements can give you all 8 of the essential amino acids as well as a boost of some of the non-essential amino acids to ensure you are recovering and re-building at an optimal level.
If you’re looking for a complete amino acid supplement, check out Amino 3000 packed with a powerful blend of 21 amino acids.
Tags:
The opinions expressed in this article are of the author and the author alone. They do not reflect the opinions of Exceptional Health™ or any of its affiliates and they have not been reviewed by an expert in a related field for accuracy, balance or objectivity. Content and other information presented on this website are not a substitute for professional advice, counseling, diagnosis, or treatment. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical or mental health advice from your physician or other qualified health provider because of something you have read on Exceptional Health™. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Moving WordPress Followers
1. I am in need of assistance in moving my active followers from my wordpress blog to the blog that I am now hosting in my own domain. The blog I want to remove from subscribers FROM is http://miffalicious.wordpress.com. The self-hosted site I want to move my followers TO is http://www.miffalicious.com. I've only been able to find information for email subscribers but I would like to move my WordPress user followers!
Blog url: http://miffalicious.wordpress.com
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This support forum is for blogs hosted at WordPress.com. If your question is about a self-hosted WordPress blog then you'll find help at the WordPress.org forums.
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If you forgot to include a link to your blog, you can reply and include it below. It'll help people to answer your question.
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3. @miffalicious
As long as you have the Jetpack plugin installed on your self-hosted blog, Staff can transfer your WordPress.com and email subscribers from your WordPress.com blog to your new self-hosted blog. I have flagged this thread for Staff attention.
4. Thank you very much! Yes, I have my Jetpack plugin installed already!
5. Good then all you have to do is be patient while waiting for Staff. :)
6. Hi miffalicious,
I believe your miffalicious.com site isn't connected via Jetpack yet. I couldn't find it in the list of connected sites. When you install Jetpack, you then have to authenticate with WordPress.com which will allow you to connect your site to WordPress.com and thus enable the Jetpack features.
Once you confirm that's done, we'll be able to move those subscribers over.
Thanks!
7. Hi Jkudish!
I have reconnected it again; would it be possible for you to see if it is authenticated now?
Thank you!!
8. I have moved your subscribers as requested.
Please let us know if you need any further assistance!
9. Thank you very much!
I'd just like to ask, how would I be able to check the number of followers? And from hereon, would it be right for me to say that readers can only follow my blog through email subscriptions?
x
10. You're welcome!
You can check your subscribers via a similar link near the bottom-left of your stats page.
The WordPress.com Reader does not support self-hosted blogs, so email is their only subscription option, besides using your RSS feed in a third-party reader.
11. sellitinspanish
Member
HELLO,
I just moved from wp.com to self hosted, activated jetpack but still don't see my old subscribers :(
please let me know how to get them back. Thanks!
Sofia
http://www.livinglavidablogging.com
12. @sellitinspanish
Staff can move your email subscribers for you. They need to know what the URL for your .wordpress.com blog is to do that.
13. sellitinspanish
Member
Thank you very much for your response timethief.
My new self-hosted site is http://www.livinglavidablogging.com
and my wp.com was livinglavidablogging.wordpress.com
the same name basically.
So will staff read my info here and do it?
14. sellitinspanish
Member
Also, my wp.com said that I had 300 or so followers on facebook. Does are gone too. How do I get those back?
Thanks
15. I have transferred your subscribers as requested.
The Facebook subscribers are only listed because you had your WordPress.com set to Publicize to Facebook, but Publicize is not available on self-hosted WordPress.org blog, so this number was not transferred.
You can still automatically post to Facebook with a variety of plugins, like http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/facebook/
16. Hello, I've also just moved to a self hosted wp blog, and trying to figure out how to get my followers back. Would it be possible to have my followers from http://nancypeske.wordpress.com moved to http://www.nancypeske.com/blog as well?
17. I have transferred your subscribers as requested.
18. Thanks so much!
19. macmanx or jkudish!
Just saw this post, could you please move my followers from seeplaylive.wordpress.com to seeplaylive.com? I have Jetpack installed and setup ^_^
Thanks!
20. I have transferred your subscribers as requested.
21. Hi macmanx, I'm jumping on the bandwagon.
Could you please copy my followers from snixykitchen.wordpress.com to snixykitchen.com? I have Jetpack installed and connected to wordpress.com.
Thanks!
22. I have transferred your followers as requested.
23. Thank you.
However, while you did this, I was updating a post and the saved draft disappeared (I had saved the draft!)! I had written a lot, but it's ALL GONE. Is there anyway to get this back?
24. snixykitchen, unfortunately it doesn't appear to be recoverable. I'm hoping that had nothing to do with the subscriber transfer.
Did it disappear when you hit the Save button?
25. I would like to have my Subscribers moved from 'shakopeewinecellars.wordpress.com' over to my hosted site 'shakopeewinecellars.com/wp (or wp.shakopeewinecellars.com (not sure how they are moved if a sub-domain matters)).
Jetpack is installed and showing as connected.
Thank you!
26. I have transferred your followers as requested.
27. Thank you very much, macmanx!
28. You're welcome!
29. macmanx can you also transfer my subscriptions from britri.wordpress.com to bri-tri.com?
Is this the only way to have this done, or is there a formal process to submit this request?
I hate to keep pummeling one person with these requests.
30. Oh wait.
Am I getting this right?
I have a poetry blog that is very nice (it is, honest) and I love it. Thing is, it's URL is my name. wordpress.com - beginners mistake.
http://kolembo.wordpress.com
I've run it though, long enough to have a large number of subscribers.
Now, I really like being hosted, no problems, so I'd just want to move to another wordpress.com with an appropriate url.
http://shortpoetry.wordpress.com
Can you move my subscribers from one account to another?
Can you REPLICATE rather than move them?
I think I'd be better off ASKING these questions before I do anything eh!
And to think that I almost NEVER came across this forum...
126
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About this Topic | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Delta Trestle Bridge, Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad
Muddy Creek Bridge, Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad
Scott Creek Bridge-North, Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad | WIKI |
Mootral
Mootral is a British-Swiss company that is developing a food supplement to reduce methane emissions from ruminant animals, chiefly cows and sheep, but also goats. Methane is a major target greenhouse gas and in the 4th protocol report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is recommended to increase from a x23 to x72 multiplier because of the magnitude of its effect relative to carbon dioxide and short longevity in Earth's atmosphere.
Natural feed supplement
The Mootral natural feed supplement is produced by Neem Biotech. The active ingredient is an organic organosulfur compound (normally found in garlic), Research at the University of Aberystwyth, Wales has demonstrated up to a 94% reduction in methane production. But that was in vitro test (rumen model)with high dosis. The same authors found only 15-25 % reduction in vivo when they tested on sheep.
Emission trading
Companies using Mootral's feed supplement generate carbon credits that may be used to offset their emissions levels or sold to third parties. In December 2019, Verra announced that it had approved Mootral as the world's first methodology to reduce methane emissions from ruminant livestock.
Publicity
Mootral attracted much attention as runner-up in the FT Global Climate Challenge and Dutch Postcode Lottery.
Mootral was a finalist in the Shell/BBC/Newsweek World Challenge 2009 as one of the 12 most promising solutions to climate change.
Mootral is privately funded by Chris Sacca and Tribe Capital. | WIKI |
Page:Eliot - Middlemarch, vol. III, 1872.djvu/133
Rh suppose he has no interest to help him on. He is very fond of Natural History and various scientific matters, and he is hampered in reconciling these tastes with his position. He has no money to spare—hardly enough to use; and that has led him into card-playing—Middlemarch is a great place for whist. He does play for money, and he wins a good deal. Of course that takes him into company a little beneath him, and makes him slack about some things; and yet, with all that, looking at him as a whole, I think he is one of the most blameless men I ever knew. He has neither venom nor doubleness in him, and those often go with a more correct outside."
"I wonder whether he suffers in his conscience because of that habit," said Dorothea; "I wonder whether he wishes he could leave it off."
"I have no doubt he would leave it off, if he were transplanted into plenty: he would be glad of the time for other things."
"My uncle says that Mr Tyke is spoken of as an apostolic man," said Dorothea, meditatively. She was wishing it were possible to restore the times of primitive zeal, and yet thinking of Mr Farebrother with a strong desire to rescue him from his chance-gotten money.
"I don't pretend to say that Farebrother is | WIKI |
I.R.S. Nominee Says He Won’t Weaponize Agency
President Trump’s pick to lead the Internal Revenue Service, Charles Rettig, said on Thursday that he would make it a priority to run the department without bias, an attempt to ease lawmakers’ concerns that the tax collection agency could be weaponized for political purposes. The I.R.S. has been a political punching bag for several years following allegations during the Obama administration that it was unfairly targeting conservative groups seeking nonprofit status. Now, Democrats are fearful that the agency could interpret the new $1.5 billion tax law in ways that disadvantage blue states and that it could be used by Mr. Trump to target companies that act against his wishes. “If I am confirmed, I will be in charge of the Internal Revenue Service and will make sure that the Internal Revenue Service moves forward, follows the law in an impartial, non-biased manner,” Mr. Rettig said. Mr. Rettig, whose confirmation appears likely, faces a huge challenge at the helm of the I.R.S. The department has been starved of funding for years and is struggling with aging technology and a depleted work force. The agency’s online filing system crashed on Tax Day this year, a failure that many said stemmed from budget cuts that have resulted in antiquated technology. He will also be tasked with implementing the tax legislation that Congress passed late last year. The law is the biggest tax overhaul in three decades, and the I.R.S. has been scrambling to issue new guidance and interpretations for businesses and taxpayers who are still coming to grips with the changes. A longtime tax lawyer who has specialized in defending individuals and entities fighting the tax agency in court, Mr. Rettig will also be facing a big management challenge. He said at his confirmation hearing before the Senate Finance Committee that he has never managed a team of more than 35 people. The I.R.S. employs around 70,000. Mr. Rettig carefully avoided questions about how the I.R.S. might address states that have developed workarounds to the $10,000 limit on state and local tax deductions that was imposed by the new tax law. He also treaded carefully when pressed by Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon, the ranking Democrat on the Senate Finance Committee, about Mr. Trump’s claims that he cannot release his tax returns because he has been continuously audited for a decade. Mr. Rettig acknowledged that he had never encountered a client who had been audited for that length of time. Some Democrats on the committee suggested that Mr. Rettig could have a conflict of interest stemming from an investment in a Trump property and that he had not been forthcoming in his financial disclosure forms. Mr. Rettig disclosed that he had stakes in rental properties in Honolulu that he bought in 2006 but did not mention that the properties were located in the Waikiki Trump International Hotel and Tower. “Mr. Rettig also needs to demonstrate that he will maintain independence from the Trump White House,” Mr. Wyden said. “That’s important with any nominee, but it’s especially relevant in Mr. Rettig’s case, since he owns and rents out condos in a Trump-branded and -managed property.” Senator Orrin G. Hatch of Utah, the Republican chairman of the finance committee, defended Mr. Rettig and said that accusations of impropriety were silly. “Any suggestion that there is a conflict of interest here is the stuff of conspiracy theories,” Mr. Hatch said. “Maybe one wants to argue that Mr. Rettig purchased these properties in 2006, during season five of The Apprentice, on the off chance that Mr. Trump would become president and nominate him to be I.R.S. Commissioner.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Patricio Rosas
Patricio Eduardo Rosas Barrientos (born May 6, 1968) is a Chilean surgeon and politician. Since March 2018, he has served as deputy for district No. 24, corresponding to the Los Ríos Region.
Biography
He was born on May 6, 1968, in Osorno. He is the son of Dalmiro Rosas Schaaf and Marianela Isabel Barrientos Villanueva. He is divorced and the father of two children. He is a Surgeon from the Austral University of Chile. Subsequently, he obtained a master's degree in Business Administration and a Diploma in Social Management, Community Management, and Family and Community Health and is currently pursuing a master's degree in economics. In March 2014, he assumed the direction of the Valdivia Health Service, as alternate director, after the resignation of Marianela Caro. In January of the following year, he was appointed director of the Valdivia Health Service, a position he held until October 2017.
Political career
In the 2017 parliamentary elections, he was elected deputy for the Socialist Party of Chile (PS) representing the 24th District (Corral, Futrono, La Unión, Lago Ranco, Lanco, Los Lagos, Máfil, Mariquina, Paillaco, Panguipulli, Río Bueno, Valdivia ), XIV Region of Los Ríos, period 2018–2022. He obtained 13,299 votes corresponding to 9.54% of the total votes validly cast.
In this legislative period he joined the permanent Health commissions; and Sciences and Technology. He also participated in the Special Investigative Commission of possible irregularities in the artificial reduction of waiting lists through the elimination of patients from the National Repository of Waiting Lists, manipulation of statistics and omission of registration.
In June 2019, he decided to present his resignation from the PS due to conflicts with deputy Marcos Ilabaca and senator Alfonso de Urresti. In March 2020 he joined the Unir Movement along with former PS Marcelo Díaz. He remained in said community – belonging to the Frente Amplio since June 2020 – until December 10, 2020, when he announced his resignation. Later he rejoined the community.
In the 2021 parliamentary elections he was elected as an independent deputy in a Social Convergence quota. Currently, he is part of the permanent Health commissions; and Economy, Development; Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises; Consumer Protection and Tourism.
On August 5, 2023, the Unir Movement closed its last congress approving the decision to unify with Comunes, in a process of strengthening the Frente Amplio into a single party.
Controversies
Irregular diversion of public funds
On March 23, 2019, the Comptroller General of the Republic determined that Patricio Rosas, along with the mayor of Paillaco Ramona Reyes, and two other officials, had irregularly diverted more than $70 million pesos intended for primary health, which were used to finance a national union event called IX National Congress of the National Confederation of Municipal Health Officials that took place in 2015, in the city of Valdivia. That event was also held through a direct deal with the city's Hotel Dreams. At that time, Rosas served as director of the Health Service of the Los Ríos Region.
This complaint of irregular deviations was made by deputy Bernardo Berger (who represents the same district as Rosas), where together with other figures from Chile Vamos in the region they seek the dismissal of Mayor Reyes and more legal actions against deputy Rosas. For now, Rosas has been sanctioned with 5% of his monthly parliamentary remuneration, plus other administrative sanctions. Currently, the investigation is ongoing. | WIKI |
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