Document
stringlengths 87
1.67M
| Source
stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|
Paolo Eleuteri Serpieri
Paolo Eleuteri Serpieri (born 29 February 1944) is an Italian comic book writer and illustrator, noted for his works of highly detailed renderings of the human form, particularly erotic images of women. He is best known for his work on the Druuna erotic science fiction series.
Early career
Paolo Eleuteri Serpieri was born on 29 February 1944 in Venice. He moved to Rome in his youth. He studied architecture and painting at Rome's Fine Arts Academy in Rome under Renato Guttuso, and began his career as a painter in 1966, but in 1975 he shifted his focus to comics. He produced work for the Italian comics magazine Lanciostory. A big fan of the American Old West, Serpieri co-created L'Histoire du Far-West (The Story of the West), a Western series about the history of the Old West, with writer Raffaele Ambrosio, which was published in the magazines Lanciostory and Skorpio. Some of the titles were L'Indiana Bianca (The White Indian) and L'Uomo di Medicina (Medicine Man). Beginning in 1980 Serpieri worked on collections like Découvrir la Bible, as well as short stories for magazines such as L'Eternauta, Il Fumetto and Orient Express.
Druuna
In 1985, he published Morbus Gravis, the first work of the Druuna saga. The series is noteworthy and controversial for featuring realistic and explicit content including graphic violence and sexual content. These books have been very successful, selling more than a million copies in twelve languages. The English language translations are published by Heavy Metal.
Due to the interest in this series, Serpieri has also published numerous sketchbooks, such as Obsession, Druuna X, Druuna X 2, Croquis, Serpieri Sketchbook, Serpieri Sketchbook 2 and The Sweet Smell of Woman. Serpieri's highly detailed portrayals of well-endowed heroines have earned him the distinction of "Master of the Ass".
Serpieri is also credited with design work on the 3-D video game Druuna: Morbus Gravis, based on his heroine.
Awards
* 1995: Harvey Award for Best American Edition of Foreign Material
Selected bibliography
* Morbus Gravis (Severe Disease) (1985, Dargaud, ISBN 3-933187-69-9 )
* Druuna (1987, Dargaud, ISBN 2-908406-63-2 )
* Creatura (1990, Bagheera, ISBN 3-933187-71-0 )
* Carnivora (1992, Bagheera, ISBN 3-933187-72-9 )
* Mandragora (1995, Bagheera, ISBN 2-908406-32-2 )
* Aphrodisia (1997, Bagheera, ISBN 2-908406-69-1 )
* La Planète oubliée (The Forgotten Planet) (2000, Bagheera, ISBN 2-908406-60-8 )
* Clone (2003, Bagheera, ISBN 2-908406-72-1 )
* Anima (2016)
|
WIKI
|
Colin Aamodt
Colin Ernest Aamodt (27 June 1921 – 17 June 2011) was an Australian rules footballer who played for and coached the North Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Aamodt won North Adelaide's Best and Fairest in his debut season as a 19 year old and went on to have an excellent, but interrupted by war, career with the club. Following his playing career, Aamodt took up coaching, leading Nailsworth High School to the 1952 SA Public Schools Amateur Sports Association premiership, followed by coaching North Adelaide's Senior Colts to the 1954 premiership, which led to being appointed senior coach of North Adelaide from 1955 to 1957.
Aamodt was also a professional sprinter, winning the military 100 yards championship in 1942, 75 yard and 100 yard State Championship in 1947, and finished third in the 1941 Stawell Gift.
|
WIKI
|
Set functions in Subqueries
This page is part of the book SQL-99 Complete, Really, by Peter Gulutzan & Trudy Pelzer. The authors have graciously allowed us to reproduce the contents of the book here. Because the book is about the SQL-99 standard, the contents of this and other pages in the book may not directly apply to MariaDB. Use the navigation bar to navigate the book.
Who makes more than the average salary? What is the cheapest book? That's the kind of question that requires a comparison with a subquery that contains a set function. In other words, you need a condition with this general format:
... WHERE <value> <comparison-operator> (SELECT <set function> ...)
For example:
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE ... = (SELECT MIN(price) FROM book);
This is one of the cases where it's much easier to use a subquery than a join.
If you try to do something more complex, you will probably run into some restrictions because set functions within subqueries are hard to implement. We'll give just one example of a restriction (from SQL-92) if the set function's argument is an "outer reference" Column (i.e.: the name of a Column in the outer enclosing query), then that must be the only <Column reference> within that argument and the set function has to appear either in a select list or within a subquery that belongs to a HAVING clause. For example, this complex query uses illegal syntax:
SELECT * FROM Table_1 WHERE 0 = (
SELECT SUM(Table_1.column_1+Table_2.column_1) FROM Table_2);
It would be even more illegal if the set function appeared in the WHERE clause, or if there was a third level of subquery nesting. Nobody can remember such a complex rule, and there are more like it, so the cautious programmer simply avoids trying anything fancy when using set functions within subqueries.
Comments
Comments loading...
Loading
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Page:Howards End.djvu/40
28 the Wilcoxes were so competent, and seemed to have their hands on all the ropes."
"Don't you feel it now?"
"I remember Paul at breakfast," said Helen quietly. "I shall never forget him. He had nothing to fall back upon. I know that personal relations are the real life, for ever and ever."
"Amen!"
So the Wilcox episode fell into the background, leaving behind it memories of sweetness and horror that mingled, and the sisters pursued the life that Helen had commended. They talked to each other and to other people, they filled the tall thin house at Wickham Place with those whom they liked or could befriend. They even attended public meetings. In their own fashion they cared deeply about politics, though not as politicians would have us care; they desired that public life should mirror whatever is good in the life within. Temperance, tolerance, and sexual equality were intelligible cries to them; whereas they did not follow our Forward Policy in Thibet with the keen attention that it merits, and would at times dismiss the whole British Empire with a puzzled, if reverent, sigh. Not out of them are the shows of history erected: the world would be a grey, bloodless place were it entirely composed of Miss Schlegels. But the world being what it is, perhaps they shine out in it like stars.
A word on their origin. They were not "English to the backbone," as their aunt had piously asserted. But, on the other hand, they were not "Germans of the dreadful sort." Their father had belonged to a type that was more prominent in Germany fifty years ago than now. He was not the aggressive German, so dear to the English journalist, nor the domestic German, so dear to the English wit. If one classed him at all it would be as the countryman of Hegel and Kant, as the idealist, inclined to be dreamy, whose Imperialism was the Imperialism of the air. Not that his life had been inactive. He had fought like blazes against Denmark, Austria,
|
WIKI
|
Fibonacci Series Program using C Programming Language
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf( "Fibonacci Series \n" );
printf( "\n" );
int i, number;
int first, second, third;
printf( "Number of Terms (max. 16): " );
scanf( "%d" , &number);
printf( "\n" );
//limiting the Fibonacci Series
number = (number > 16 ? 16 : number);
if (number < 0) {
printf( "Invalid Input \n" );
printf( "\n" );
return 1;
}
first = 0;
second = 1;
if (number >= 0) {
printf( "fib(0)\t: %d \n" , first);
}
if (number >= 1) {
printf( "fib(1)\t: %d \n" , second);
}
for (i = 2; i <= number; i++) {
third = first + second;
printf( "fib(%d)\t: %d \n" , i, third);
first = second;
second = third;
}
printf( "\n" );
printf( "\n" );
return 0;
}
You may like these posts
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Eurovision fans hit the beach ahead of Saturday final
TEL AVIV (Reuters) - Hundreds of tourists and concertgoers packed into a sea-front Eurovision park in Tel Aviv on Friday, soaking in the late spring sun ahead of the music competition’s Saturday final. Tourists thronged around food trucks and lay on sunbeds as live music blared throughout the Eurovision Village, a fan-dedicated area for the 41-nation song contest in Tel Aviv’s Charles Clore Park. Concerts and fringe events have popped up throughout the city and along its Mediterranean coast as fans and locals take in its night life and hit the beach between the contest’s qualifying rounds. Last night’s semi-final saw Albania, Azerbaijan, Denmark, Malta, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and Switzerland advance to Saturday’s final, where pop diva Madonna is due to make a guest appearance. Israel was chosen to host the contest after local singer Netta Barzilai won last year in Portugal with “Toy”, propelling her to international stardom. 26 countries will compete in Saturday’s grand finale. Israel’s hosting of the European music competition has drawn pro-Palestinian boycott calls to protest against Israeli policies. Writing by Rami Ayyub; Editing by Frances Kerry
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Is Justin Timberlake Really a Movie Star? - Speakeasy - WSJ
Musicians and movie roles don't always mix. Sure, sometimes you get a music star who has a single breakout hit, like Prince in Purple Rain or Whitney Houston in The Bodyguard, but it rarely lasts. And when movie stars try their hands at singing, you get results like Eddie Murphy's Party All The Time or Don Johnson's Heartbeat. Jamie Foxx has had crossover success in music and film, but generally it's hard for find enduring stardom in both fields. Justin Timberlake was a star in the music industry with the boy band N'SYNC (remember them?) and then had an unexpectedly successful solo career that has netted him 6 Grammy Awards. He has shown acting chops as a host of Saturday Night Live and with supporting roles in smaller films like Alpha Dog and Black Snake Moan. And he now seems ready to make the leap to being a bona fide Hollywood star with Friends with Benefits. Subscribe NowSign In WSJ Membership Customer Service Tools & Features Ads More Copyright 2014 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. Distribution and use of this material are governed by our Subscriber Agreement and by copyright law. For non-personal use or to order multiple copies, please contact Dow Jones Reprints at 1-800-843-0008 or visit www.djreprints.com.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Edward Breen
Edward Breen may refer to:
* Edward G. Breen (1908–1991), American politician
* Edward D. Breen (born c. 1956), American business executive
|
WIKI
|
Trump Tower condo prices down since campaign launch | TheHill
Condominium prices in Trump Tower in New York have fallen sharply since President TrumpDonald John TrumpTrump pushes back on recent polling data, says internal numbers are 'strongest we've had so far' Illinois state lawmaker apologizes for photos depicting mock assassination of Trump Scaramucci assembling team of former Cabinet members to speak out against Trump MORE first declared his White House bid in 2015, according to The Wall Street Journal. It's unclear if the reason for the falling prices is tied to a wider trend in the luxury condo market in Midtown Manhattan, or if the president's politics and the perennial security presence at the tower are driving prices down. The price per square foot in Trump Tower this year has so far averaged about $2,100, according to the Journal. That's down 13 percent from 2016 and 23 percent from 2015. The median sale price this year is $2.2 million — its lowest since 2007. Meanwhile, prices per square foot in other buildings in Midtown Manhattan, not counting new developments, have risen slightly — about 0.3 percent — since 2015. However, Olympic Tower, another Fifth Avenue building often compared to Trump Tower, has also seen prices per square foot drop 17 percent since 2015. Another one of Trump's Manhattan Buildings, Trump International Hotel and Tower, has seen prices per square foot decline 24 percent from 2015 and more than 11 percent since 2016, the Journal reported. “Despite that, Trump buildings have continued to be a leader in average [price per square foot] against competitors,” she told the Journal. “We cater to the most discerning buyers in the world, and while we can’t control the ebbs and flows of the market, we are incredibly proud of the overall performance that Trump properties continue to achieve,” she said. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
2019 in Guyana
Events in the year 2019 in Guyana.
Incumbents
* President: David Granger
* Prime Minister: Moses Nagamootoo
Events
* December 20 – Production of crude oil starts from the Liza oil field in the Stabroek Block offshore Guyana.
* Scheduled – The 2019 Guyanese general election was postponed and held on 2 March 2020.
Deaths
* 5 January – Odeen Ishmael, diplomat (b. 1948).
* 31 May – Andaiye, political activist (b. 1942).
|
WIKI
|
Converting arrays to JSON and back again
I'm doing some experimentation with storing values in JSON, specifically arrays.
For simple, for one dimensional arrays this is not too difficult:
$json = json_encode($array) converts the array to JSON and then to get the array back again you do:
$object = json_decode($json); $array = get_object_vars($object);
However, this becomes more complicated with multidimensional arrays. Encoding is not a problem, but the decode process does not work the same. json_decode creates a multidimensional object (is there such a thing as a multidimensional object?). At any rate, get_object_values leaves objects as objects in the array and you might end up with something like:
Array ( [what] => is [this] => was [number] => 8 [array] => stdClass Object ( [second] => level ) )
My question is: Is there a way to deal with this easily? Or will I need to build recursive function myself that reads through all the values of the object to convert them to array key=>value pairs, testing for objects as it goes and then calling itself to convert embedded objects?
LVL 18
Hube02Asked:
Who is Participating?
bansidharConnect With a Mentor Commented:
you can simply use
$array = json_decode($json,true);
0
davidsperlingCommented:
Maybe Zend Framework's JSON classes can do it?
http://framework.zend.com/manual/en/zend.json.html
You can use (almost) any part of ZF separatly.
http://framework.zend.com
0
Hube02Author Commented:
From what I read there, this framework simply uses json_encode/json_decode function and works not differently, you still end up with an object when it is decoded and not an array. Unless I missed something there, please point it out if I did.
0
Hube02Author Commented:
Thank you much, I missed the use of that second parameter. I knew there had to be something simple I was overlooking.
0
Hube02Author Commented:
Thanks again
0
All Courses
From novice to tech pro — start learning today.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Talk:The Visitor (short story)
Earlier Version
It is possible that neither Orsborne nor Dahl invented the basic story. Alfred Hitchcock told it at least twice when he appeared on talk shows. He might have gotten it from Orsborne, but he certainly told it before Dahl published his version. Kostaki mou (talk) 02:48, 5 August 2010 (UTC)
* As they say, "citation needed." At any rate, Hitchcock's appearance on The Tomorrow Show was in 1973, which was *after* the 1965 publication of Dahl's story. Orsborne claimed in his 1949 book (pp. 58-60) to have heard the anecdote in an "FOAF" manner, and said it happened in the "Barawi Islands". A quick online search turns up nothing to confirm the existence of these alleged islands, except in newspaper articles quoting Orsborne as saying they were somewhere "between the Indian and Arabian Seas". When Hitchcock told the story on The Tomorrow Show he said it happened in the Australian outback (where leprosy is not common, one might add). Muzilon (talk) 02:20, 20 January 2015 (UTC)
English 1
Write a story on the visitor make as interesting as possible 2409:4089:CE8A:70A1:0:0:18C9:920A (talk) 17:14, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
* I'm afraid this is not the place to ask for help with your school homework - see WP:NOTFORUM. Muzilon (talk) 23:47, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Sindhu Sriharsha
Sindhu Sriharsha (born 17 August 1988) is an Indian-born American cricketer and the current captain of the United States women's cricket team.
Born in Bangalore, India, Sriharsha has played cricket formally since the age of nine, after being spotted by former Indian batter Smitha Harikrishna playing the game informally as a seven-year old with the boys of her neighborhood. She has represented the India A and India under-21 teams. In November 2015, she was part of the American squad that played in two Twenty20 matches against the Pakistan women's cricket team, following Pakistan's tour of the West Indies. It was the first time the two teams had played each other in the format.
In May 2019, she was named as the captain of the United States' squad for the 2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Americas tournament in Florida, saying that the team would be "ecstatic" if they won the qualifier. She made her WT20I debut for the United States against Canada in the Americas Qualifier on 17 May 2019. The United States won the Americas qualifier after taking an unassailable 2–0 lead, with wins in their first two matches. Sriharsha finished as the leading run-scorer in the three-match series, with 80 runs. After winning the Americas qualification tournament, Sriharsha said "it's amazing! Going to a global qualifier after eight years is a huge win for USA cricket".
In August 2019, she was named as the captain of the American squad for the 2019 ICC Women's World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament in Scotland. In February 2021, she was named in the Women's National Training Group by the USA Cricket Women's National Selectors ahead of the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier and the 2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier tournaments. In September 2021, she was named as the captain of the American team for the World Cup Qualifier tournament. In October 2021, she was named as the captain of the American team for the 2021 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe.
|
WIKI
|
I found a info that the Yugoslav royalist guerilla fighters, Chetniks, captured 93 German soldiers on 31. August 1941 during the battle of Loznica city, in which the royalists captured the city and that those 93 soldiers might have been the first German pow’s in Europe, so how true is that?
I have very little knowledge on the France campaign, but the Loznica battle was after the German invasion on USSR started, so perhaps the first German POW’s were actually in the USSR?
Assuming we accept the invasion of Poland as the start of ‘WW2’, then that campaign. There were probably at least a few German prisoners in the opening days or hours. In any large campaign almost no matter how successful there were some prisoners from the winning side, especially among combatants ostensibly willing to surrender and accept surrender as part of their ethical code. And the Poles claimed a significant number, 1,500 prisoners from the German 30th Division alone, in the battles near the Bzura river around September 10 1939.
It’s highly likely that at least some German soldiers were captured during the Polish campaign, but of course they wouldn’t have been in captivity very long. Similarly there would have been Germans taken prisoner during the invasion of France, but most of them would have been liberated before very long.
But not all. For example, the commander of a German paratroop regiment, Oberst Georg Friemel, was taken by the Dutch in May 1940 and almost immediately shipped to England (with some other paratroops captured at the same time). He spent the rest of the war in captivity. Luftwaffe aircrews who were shot down over England during the Battle of Britain in late 1940 became prisoners of war, if they survived. And of course the British were taking prisoners in the North Africa campaign before the invasion of the Soviet Union.
The issue there though would be if post-campaign German figures included German POW’s released at the end of the campaign, who would not longer have been missing, assuming they survived to be released. As mentioned earlier, the Poles claimed to have captured a few 1,000 prisoners just in their counter offensive on the Bzura in the second week of September, 1,500 from just one German division. This seems generally accepted. Anyway there’s no doubt at all the Poles captured some German soldiers. The Germans even made propaganda claims that some were mistreated.
By same token while the active campaign in France only started with the German offensive in May 1940, the ‘Phony War’ period prior to that included a limited French offensive into Germany in September 1939. This made little progress and was soon abandoned by the French, but it seems highly unlikely the operation failed to capture any single German soldier in a forward outpost, and likewise there were some German aircrew shot down over France (and a few over Britain) in the Phony War period, and presumably the usual patrols along the static land front to try to capture opposing soldiers in forward outposts to figure out which particular enemy units manned that particular portion of the line. Not lots of prisoners, but there were surely also German prisoners taken in France in 1939, again presumably released in June 1940 unless they happened to have been transferred to Britain in the interim.
At that time and situation, as soon as fighting began between large forces, at least a few POW’s were inevitable on both sides, almost right away. It wasn’t like recent wars where it was remarkable for the US or Western coalition partners to have any personnel taken prisoner to where their names became well known.
In December 1939, Argentina interned about 1000 German sailors after the Battle of the River Plate, which ended with the Germans scuttling the Graf Spee rather than let the British capture it.
Under neutrality rules at the time, Argentina was supposed to hold the German sailors and prevent them from returning to Germany. Exactly how rigorously Argentina enforced that principle has apparently been a matter of some debate.
However that’s viewed, the British had already directly captured all or part of the crews of five sunken U-boats by then, the first one U-39 on September 14: all 44 crew survived to become prisoners. It’s possible they were the first German POW’s not released till after VE day, though I don’t see why that would be the criterion to answer the original question.
No doubt most if not all German POWs in the Polish Campaign were liberated by the Germans by the end of the campaign; but a few points. One is that they were German POWs in Europe for however short a time, which was what the OP asked. The second is that MIA includes anyone missing, not just prisoners - deserters as well as dead with no body recovered or identified. Hitler gave a figure of 3,400 MIA from the Polish Campaign in a 1939 speech and if accurate means 3,400 men were missing from German armed forces at the conclusion of the campaign. A third and to me the most intriguing point to be made is that a substantial part of the Polish Army retreated through Romania totaling ~120,000 men. If they took any German POWs they might have had with them is a question I don’t know the answer to.
Yes of course missing means missing as of the time the statistic is calculated, including men who late turned up as prisoners, whose bodies were found and identified later, who turned up alive but it wasn’t accurately accounted for, or whose fate remained a permanent mystery. However the 3,400 quoted as missing by the Germans might not include German prisoners released, not missing by the time the stat was calculated or maybe it did include them but we can’t say. So in a word that casualty summary you gave isn’t very useful to determine the answer to the question, which is really what I was saying. But we know specific accounts of the Poles taking at least a few 1,000 German prisoners in their abortive counter offensive around a week and a half into the campaign, with no reason to believe that claim was entirely false.
The main German defensive line, the West Wall or Siegfried Line, was some miles behind the border in the sector where the French attacked. The French penetrated a few miles into Germany and captured towns, there was enough fighting to cause several 100 total German casualties, though they did not penetrate the West Wall defenses. It again seems unlikely no German soldiers at all in forward outposts near the border were captured, though clearly fewer than in Poland at around the same time, and the first ones probably later than the first ones in Poland by a few days.
He means that since Vietnam there have been virtually no US prisoners of war, such that the few who were captured became household names (at least briefly). I’m not going to open the Bowe Bergdahl worm-can, but he was indisputably a prisoner of the Taliban for many years. Jessica Lynch was famously captured by the Iraqis in the first few days of the war and later rescued to much fanfare.
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
Magnitude 5.5 quake hits eastern Japan, no immediate damage
TOKYO (Reuters) - An earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 5.5 hit eastern Japan on Monday morning, the Japan Meteorological Agency said. The epicenter of the earthquake was off the coast of Chiba prefecture, adjacent to Tokyo, the agency said, adding that a tsunami warning had not been issued. The quake, which hit at 9:16 a.m. (0016 GMT), had a maximum intensity of 4 on Japan’s 1-7 scale, including in parts of central Tokyo. There were no were immediate reports of damage. Earthquakes are common in Japan, one of the world’s most seismically active areas. Japan accounts for about 20 percent of the world’s earthquakes of magnitude 6 or greater. Reporting by Chang-Ran Kim; Editing by Chris Gallagher
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Advanced EnerGy-absorption Polymer for Impact-resistant Smart composites
Project: Research council
Description
The development of a new generation of advanced fibrous composite materials plays a key role in the future evolution of the aerospace sector due to their very high weight-to-strength ratio that can lead to higher operating efficiencies per revenue passenger kilometre. However, while the fibre dominant properties guarantee excellent in-plane load-bearing characteristics, traditional composite materials exhibit weak resistance to out-of-plane loads, making them susceptible to delamination damage under impact loads that can happen during manufacturing or in service. Indeed, while for metallic media, which are homogeneous and can dissipate energy through yielding, a surface dent will only increase strain hardening locally, for composite materials it is associated with the separation of interior plies due to their intrinsic layered structure, and therefore it must be avoided since it can grow uncontrollably compromising the integrity of the entire structure and leading to severe local degradation of the mechanical properties and, in some cases, sudden critical failures. This weak impact resistance together with the complexity of the failure mechanisms typical of composite systems led in the past decade to the definition of the current design philosophy in aeronautical structures as a "no damage growth" approach, leading to overdesigned structures with high thickness and mainly quasi-isotropic layout based on the assumption of the presence of defects from the outset. Based on these premises, it appears clear the need of a comprehensive solution for the aerospace sector that matches the requirements of lightweight structures with the need for high impact resistance. AEGIS is aimed at the development of a novel hybrid composite material with exceptional energy absorption property which is based on the development of a new "smart" "pseudo non-Newtonian" polymer that can be used in traditional manufacturing processes of plate-like components and complex sandwich panels. The exceptional impact resistance of these new structures is caused by a dynamic stiffening effect given by the transient nature of a large number of crosslink bonds present in the new smart polymer, which forces the polymeric chains to dissipate a large quantity of energy in order to disentangle themselves when subjected to an external load. The development of this new polymeric layer will eliminate the issues associated with moisture absorption of traditional liquid media, allowing its efficient and rapid application on laminated structures as a "smart layer" that can be used as a superficial coating with a minimum effect on the final weight of the structure. Furthermore, due to the higher viscosity of the polymer, it will be possible to intercalate it within a scaffold material in order to develop a "smart core", guarantying ease of manufacturing and increasing the stiffness of the frequency-dependant polymer, leading to the development of novel hybrid sandwich structures.
The hybrid composite materials developed in AEGIS will be able to actively respond to specific external stimuli via dynamically enabling the entanglement of the polymeric chains only when the solicitations are above a critical threshold. By combining the exceptional in-plane specific properties of composite materials with the outstanding out-of-plane resistance of the smart polymer, AEGIS will tackle the current limitations of composite components leading to a general increase of the reliability of composite structures that can change the current design approach reducing the safety parameters and optimising the geometries of current components.
StatusActive
Effective start/end date1/10/1931/03/21
Funding
• Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Petrological and geochemical study of Birimian ultramafic rocks within the West African Craton: Insights from Mako (Senegal) and Loraboué (Burkina Faso) lherzolite/harzburgite/wehrlite associations
Ibrahima Labou, Mathieu Benoit, Lenka Baratoux, Michel Grégoire, Papa Moussa Ndiaye, Nicolas Thebaud, Didier Béziat, Pierre Debat
Research output: Contribution to journalReview article
3 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
In Archean and Paleoproterozoic greenstone belts, ultramafic (UM) rock occurrences are commonly found in close association within basic and differentiated magmatic series. In the Kedougou-Kenieba Inlier (West African Craton), UM rocks are interbedded within the Birimian (2.1 Ga) Mako tholeiitic series (basalts, gabbros). UMs are typically lherzolite, harzburgite and wehrlite, characterized by their cumulative textures and relative proportions of chromite, olivine, clinopyroxene, amphibole ± orthopyroxene. Geochemical study (Major, REE and trace elements in whole rocks and mineral (mainly clinopyroxene and amphibole) and Sr/Nd isotopic records suggest the existence of different types of complexes. The first one consists of lherzolite + harzburgite assemblages whereas the second one consists of isolated wehrlite massifs. Both complexes highlight two different geodynamic environments, the first association being significantly more juvenile or mantle-related than isolated wehrlites which show more evolved geochemical signatures. UM rocks (dunite + wehrlite) of Loraboué (greenstone belt of Boromo, Burkina Faso) associated with calc-alkaline series display the same mineralogical composition as the Mako UM rocks but exhibit a different whole rock composition characteristic of mature island-arc magmas and showing U-shaped REE pattern for both clinopyroxene and host rock, and a clear negative Nb anomaly. The Mako UMs suggest that this portion of the Birimian crust was built in an oceanic context evolving from a MORB-like domain to an increasingly mature volcanic arc domain.
Original languageEnglish
Article number103677
JournalJournal of African Earth Sciences
Volume162
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 2020
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Petrological and geochemical study of Birimian ultramafic rocks within the West African Craton: Insights from Mako (Senegal) and Loraboué (Burkina Faso) lherzolite/harzburgite/wehrlite associations'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
• Cite this
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
The following opinion of Judge Drummond, of the United States Circuit and District Courts for the District of Illinois, was delivered at the December term, 1850, of those Courts. The merit of the opinion was such, that at the request of a large number of the members of the bar, he prepared it for publication, and at the request of the same parties, it is published.
THE UNITED STATES v. E. C. DUNCAN, et al.
Circuit Court of United States for Illinois
December Term,1850.
The judgments at law and decrees in chancery of the Circuit Court of the United Stares for the District of Illinois constitute a lien throughout the State, on the real estate of the party against "whom they are rend, red. This doctrine treated as the law of the Court, until the Supreme Court shall establish a different rule.
A person, who, at a judicial sale, purchases a tract of land, as the property of ihe party against whom the judgment is obtained, and pays the purchase money to the pla ntiff cannot, as a general thing, call on him for repay./ eat.
A sale of real estate of D., had taken place under a decree of this Court, O. became the purchaser of a piece of 1 aid, and paid the purchase money to the plaintiffs, but discovering that D. had no title to the land, made application to the Court to have the purchase money i eimbursed out of moneys of the plaintiff’s in Court; held, in the absence of fraud and unfair dealing, that this could not be done, but that being a judicial sale, 0. must take the consequences of a defect or failure of title; and that the remedy was in equity ag.dnsi D. or his legal representa!ives.
If one partner withdraws funds from the partnership, and pays the taxes on his private estate, the creditors of the partnership do riot, in geaer.il, thereby acquire a lien on the land. Tne estate of the partner is still his own private property, and, in case of his death, passes to his heirs or devisees subject to that debt as to others; and if his executors make a similar appropriation of the par.nership funds the rule is the same.
Where it was alleged that A. and B were partners, and after A’s death, his executors app -opriated partnership property to the payment of taxes on his estate, and in expenses of administration, he being, at the time of his death, insolvent and indebted to the United Statesiu judgment and otherwise, which judgments were a lien on the real estate of A., the lien of the United States and their priority of payment were not thereby affected, but they could enforce tlicir judgments notwithstanding the acts of the executors.
When the partnership property is not sufficient to pay the debts of the fl.m, the priority of the United States does not reach the undivided interest of one of the partners in the partnership effects, if he is indebted to the. United States, but when it has become his separate, individual property, the rule would be different. The true test is, whether the property belongs to the partnership or the individual.
The creditors of a partnership applied to the State Court by bill, to declare the partnership, and decree the payment of the partnership debt, out of assets in the hands of the administrator of one of the pai tners who bad died insolvent, indebted to the United States. 'The administrator denied the partnership and took an objection based on the debts of the Uniicd States and their priority. The State Oouit decreed in accordance wi h the prayer of the bill. The' U. S. were not parties, and did not appear in the State Court. Held that the proceedings in the State Court did nut impair the tights of the United States, and that they were not bound by th m, but that notwithstanding the decree in the State Court, the priority of the government attached, and that whenever the procet ds of any real estate, or any personal estate, cam • into the hands of the administrator, he became a trustee for the United Slates, and they must first be paid.
The acts of Congress, giving the United States a priority of payment, supe sede all State laws upon the subject of the distribution of those estates that come within their provisions. The law makes no exception in favor of a particular class of creditors, and the priority of the Unded States does not yield to the claims of any creditors, however high may be the dignity of their debts.
In June, 1841, the United States recovered judgments in the Circuit Court of the United States against D. Subsequently, in 1841 and 1S42, other creditors obtained judgments in a State Couit against him. These last judgments were liens only on the real estate of D. situate in the county where the judgments were recovered. In 1846, the U. S. obtained a decree in the Circuit Court of the United Stues, directing ail of D.’s real property in the State, to be sold to pay an indebtedness to the United b tales, independent of the judgments of 1841. D. died in 1844, his whole property not being sufficient to pay the debts due the government. Under the decree of 1846, various sales took place of real estate, out of the County in which the other creditoi s had' their judgment, and there was a fund in Court arising from these sales, sufficient to pay the judgment! of the other creditors. The United Stateshaving sued out executions on the judgments of 1841, and levied them on lands situate in the coun'y whete the other creditors held their judgments, these creditors made app icatiin to this Court to compel the United S.-ates logo upon lands out of that county, to satisfy their judgments, or for the proceeds of the land sold out of that county. He'd, that however it might be in the case of private individuals, the United btates, having an older lien made perfect by a levy, wet e entitled to retain it and sell the property to satisfy the judgments of 1841, and that the other creditors had no claim upon the proceeds in Court.
It ia a rule well recognized and understood, that when a party has a lien for a debt in.two funds, and another patty has a lien on one of the funds only, a court cf equity will oblige the party who has the double funds, to resort, in the first instance, for payment, to that fund upon which the other party has no lien. But this is never done when it trenches on the rights or operates to the prejudice of the party entitled to the double fund.
The case of Schuyler v. Teller, 9 Paige, 113, examined and distinguished from this.
But this rule does not affect, under the circumstances of this case, the priority of the United States, neither is that priority affected by the rule settled in Hew York, that lands consisting of different parcels, subject to a general incumbrance, are in equity to be charged in the inverse order of the alienation of the several parcels.
It has been, uniformly held in all the cases, that the priority cf the United States does not disturb any specific lien, nor the perfected li n for a judgment, that is, it does not supersede a nmrtgagc on land, nor a judgment made perfect by the issue of an execution and a levy on real estate. But in the case of a general lien it is not so clear.
The laws of die United States, giving a priority to the government, are of general application in the cases therein stated, and if a debtor ia to be excepted out of the general rule, it devolves upon the party alleging the exception, to show it.
Opinion, Delivered December 27th, 1850.
In the year 1835, Joseph Duncan, whose representatives are the defendants in this case, became one of the sureties of William Linn, receiver of public moneys- at Vandaba, in this State The principal having failed to comply with the duties imposed on him by law, the sureties became liable on the bond given to the United States.
At the June term, 1841, of this Court, the United States recovered three several judgments at law, against the sureties. Duncan among others, for the aggregate sum of $29,191 05. At the time these judgments were obtained, none of the sureties, except Duucan, had any available property, and Linn, the principal, was insolvent.. On the 22d of December, 1843, the United States realized on these judgments, the sum of $23,532 65.
In January,'1844, Joseph Duncan died, disposing, by will, of his real and personal estate, but making no provision, other than the usual one' for the payment of his debts, for the amount due the United States. At the time of his death, he was seized of a great many tracts of land lying in different counties of this State and in Morgan county, his place of residence.
The judgments of 1841, in this Court, not covering the defalcation of Linn, the plaintiffs instituted suit at law, to the December term of this Court, 1844, against William Thomas, as administrator, &c , of Joseph Duncan, the executors having resigned or ceased to act; and, at that term, recovered judgment against the administrator, de bonis testatoris, for the sum of $48,151 61.
In February, 1846, the United States filed a bill in this Court-setting forth most of the facts detailed above, and asking for a discovery of the title papers and estate of Duncan; insisting upon the priority of the plaintiffs; and praying for an account of the money due the United States; of the personal estate of Duncan; and of the value, rents and profits of the real estate; and that, if the personal estate was not sufficient, the real estate might be sold to pay the debt due the plaintiffs. To this bill, the widow) heirs, executors, devisees, die., of Duncan were made parties. During the progress of the cause, the value of the widow’s dower was agreed upon and amicably' settled, and she relinquished. Answers were put in by the defendants, and at the June term, 1846, a decree was rendered in favor of the United States, for the sum of $49,156 15, (that being all that was due, except what had not been collected under the judgments of 1841,) and ordering the real estate of Duncan to be sold, and the proceeds to be paid to the United States, “ first paying prior liens, if any.”
Under this decree, various sales of real estate out of Morgan county have taken place, under the direction of a commissioner, from which very considerable sums have been realized, part of which have been paid over to the United States, but there remains the sum of $4,052 00, subject to the order of the Court.
Personal property, to the amount of $300 00, was sold under the judgment of 1844.
There were two judgments recovered against Duncan in his life time, in the Circuit Court of Morgan county, of this State, one by McConnel et al, for $333 76, in November, 1841, and the other by Matthews for $497 35, in March, 1842. On the 10th of November, 1845, Doremus, Suydam & Nixon, filed a bill in the same Court against William Thomas, administrator, &c., of Duncan’s estate, alleging that certain personal property which the executors of Duncan had sold, and the proceeds of which, amounting to $960 60, it seems they had applied to the payment of taxes on real estate and expenses of administration, belonged to a firm of which one James M. Duncan and Joseph Duncan, in his life time, were partners, and that the plaintiffs were creditors of that firm, and claiming that they (Doremus, Suydam & Nixon) should be repaid the sum so used by the executors, and that they should be substituted in their place; insisting it was a fávored claim. James M. Duncan, also one of the sureties of Linn, was party to this bill, but he-was insolvent. The administrator, in his answer, denied the partnership, and referred to the claim of the United States, and their priority, and to the proceedings in this Court, which he set forth at length, but the Circuit Court of Morgan county, by a decree rendered on the 17th of November, 1847, found that the partnership did exist, as stated in the bill; that at the death of Duncan, the goods and-chattels referred to, and the proceeds of which had gone into the hands of the executors, were liable for the partnership debts, wherever traced, and ordered that the plaintiffs should be. paid out of the estate of Duncan. To Doremus & Nixon $766 48; to William A. Ransom & Co., $194 12. The latter had been made parties, and Suydam had died pending the suit. The Court further adjudged, that inasmuch as it did not appear the administrator had any assets in his hands, he should pay the above sums out of assets thereafter to come into his hands, or which might remain in his hands after the settlement of his accounts as administrator. It is proper to add, that an objection was made in the answer of Thomas, because the United States were not parties, but the Court decided it was not necessary to make them parties.
It was conceded that the judgments of 1841, rendered in this Court, were a lien on all the real estate of Duncan, within the State, that the decree of June term, 1848, operated to the same extent, upon the real estate in the hands of the heirs, devisees executors, &c., of Duncan ; and that the judgments of the Morgan Circuit Court, operated only upon real estate within the county of Morgan. The judgments and decree entered in the Circuit Court of Morgan county, are yet in force, not being paid or satisfied, except some partial payments hereafter mentioned.
The judgments at law, of this Court, recovered in 1841, being paid only in part, the United States in 1847, issued alias executions on those judgments, and the marshal levied them on lands lying in Morgan county of which Duncan died seized, and they were sold by the plaintiffs.
Joseph Duncan, at the time of his death, did not possess sufficient property, including real and personal, to discharge the debt he owed the United States, the lands out of Morgan county, not bein' of value enough to satisly the decree of June term, 1846. And it does not appear that there was more than sufficient property in Morgan county, to meet the balance due on the judgments of 1841, of this Court.
In this condition stood the cause, when, on the 15th of June, 1847, McConnel et al., and Matthews filed their petitions in this Court.
The petition of McConnel et al., alleges that under the decree of 1846, sales of lands, without the county of Morgan, had taken place, upon which had been made S3,555 20, which, it insists ought to be, as to the lien of their judgment, a credit on the judgments at law, of the United States of June, 1841; that there are lands out of the county of Morgan, more than sufficient to satisfy thosd judgments, and that the United States are proceeding to sell real estate in Morgan county. The petition calls for the interposition of the Court to arrest the sale; to marshal the securities so as to give them the benefit of this lien, .by throwing the judgments of the U. S. of 1841, upon lands out of Morgan county, and that the sum made $3,555 20, be applied upon these judgments.
The petition of Matthews is, in all respects similar to that of McConnel et al.
A fi. fa. had issued on the judgment o-f McConnel, and $60 00 had been obtained on it. A fi. fa had also issued on the judgment of Matthews, and real estate had been levied on and $393 made by the sale of it. The executions were issued in each case within a year after the judgments were obtained respectively.
On the 23d of December, 1847, Doremus & Nixon, and A. Ransom, & Co. likewise filed a petition setting forth most of the facts hereto 'ore mentioned, and alleging that this Court had taken full administration of the estate of Duncan; that their decree of the Morgan Court of November, 1847, had been rendered useless; that there was no priority of payment to the U. S. till the estate was ready to be disbursed; that taxes and costs of administration were to be first paid; that under the circumstances they stood as the State and individuals, and were elected with then- rights; that there was more real estate to be sold, and their partnership fund had increased the amount to be disbursed in this cause, and asking that their decree be paid out of moneys received from the sale of real and personal estate, or, if that be not proper, that the commissioner of this Court be ordered to sell land enough to satisfy the sum named in their decree, and pay it over to them.
Various supplemental petitions were filed by all the parties, from time to time, bringing before the Court the proceedings that have since taken place in this cause, and particularly stating, that other lands out of Morgan county had been sold under the decree of June, 1846, and the money received, and that the sum of $3,789 56, was made by sale of land in Morgan county under the judgments of 1841.
The petition of O’Donoghue, which was filed on the 10th of January, 1849, states that he bad purchased a lot of land at a. sale made by the commissioner in this cause, which lot was sold as a part of the estate of Duncan; that he paid the commissioner for it, and that Duncan had no title to it, having before his death by deed duly recorded, conveyed it to the Illinois College. And he seeks to have the sale by the commissioner to him annulled, and to have the money paid by him reimbursed out of the fund in Court.
When these petitions were presented, this Court, without determining the questions sought to be raised by them, ordered that a sufficient fund should be reserved to satisfy their claims, which was to be paid to the petitioners, provided the Court should be of opinion upon the final disposition of the cause, that the parties were entitled to receive the amounts they sought. And there is now a fund of more than four thousand dollars awaiting the decision of the questions presented by these petitioners.
These are the material facts.
The applications were once heard before the former Judge of this Court, but no decision was given or order entered. They have, therefore, been fully argued before me, and it now becomes my duty to announce my opinions upon the different questions presented.
The counsel of the United States not denying the allegations contained in the petitions, insists that the petitioners are not entitled to the relief they seek, nor to any relief.
As the petition of O'Donaghue stands upon a footing entirely different from the others, it may be convenient to consider that first.
The sale, under which he purchased the lot, was made by the order of this Court, and it is well settled that in all judicial sales there is no warranty, but that the rule of caveat envptor applies ; Owings v. Thompson, 3 Scam., 502. If there be fraud or concealment, or any unfair dealing, that may be a ground for an application to a court of equity; otherwise the purchaser must look to the soundness of his title. This is the established rule in England, and throughout the United States, and it should be peculiarly applicable here, where it is so easy to trace the title to real estate, the sources, in nearly all cases, being the public records of the country. It is true, where a plaintiff, in an execution, purchases a tract of land belonging, apparently, or which he supposes to belong to the defendant, and there is in fact, no title, a Court will interpose and place the parties in their former condition. But that is because it is a matter between themselves, the purchaser having neither benefited nor injured any third person; and it has been decided, that where there was no fraud, and a stranger to the execution purchased a piece of land as the property of the defendant, when he had no title, a court of equity would compel the judgment debtor to refund the amount to the purchaser, on the ground that his purchase had paid the debt. But no case has been shown, in which, under such circumstances, the purchaser could call upon the plaintiff in the execution to refund the amount. Indeed, the case just mentioned, is conclusive that he could not, for it is because the sale must so far stand as to enable the plaintiff to retain the money paid, that the defendant is liable. It could make no difference, that the money, instead of being in the hands of the party, Avas held by the officer, or paid into Court. In either case, it would seem, the right of the party to the fruits of his judgment, could not be contested. But conceding that, this last position may be questionable, still, after the money has actually been paid to the party, it is beyond the reach of the purchaser. Here the moneys paid by the petitioner has been received by the plaintiffs, and he seeks to make another fund, noAV in Court, arising from the sale of other property belonging to the estate of Duncan, liable to his claim.
On the part of the petitioner, the Court was referred to Lansing v. Quackenbush, 5 Cowen, 38; a case where the defendant had represented he Avas the owner of lots, Avhich the party purchased, and it turned out he Avas not. On application to the Court, they said there was a remedy, but that it was in equity. Here was a false statement, and if the plaintiff were not a party to it, the remedy would be against the defendant. Adams v. Smith, 5 Cowen, 280, was also referred to. In this- case, the sheriff had sold personal property Avhich did not belong to the defendant, and the real owner sued the sheriff and plaintiffjointly and recovered. The Court allowed the amount made on the sale, and endorsed on the execution, to be stricken out, and an execution to issue for the amount of the original judgment. In this case, it Avas personal property, and the owner resorted to the remedy which the laAV gave him, the property remaining with the purchaser. Both cases are very shortly reported and clearly distinguishable from the present. But the Supreme Court of Hlinois have held under somewhat similar circumstances, there was no remedy against the plaintiff in the execution. A party purchased some property under an execution. A stranger sued for and recovered the property from the purchaser. The latter then brought suit against the plaintiff in the execution, to recover back the purchase money. The Court decided that the plaintiff was not liable. England v. Clark, 4 Scam., 486. These were all cases of personal property, but in a sale of real estate under execution no action is brought, because if the property of A. is sold on an execution against B. the title to the property is unchanged, and A. ordinarily suffers no wrong.
In a very recent case, however, Dunn v. Frazier, 8 Blackford, 432, this question was directly decided. That was a much stronger case than this. A judgment had been obtained, and an execution was issued and returned nulla bona, and afterwards the judgment creditor filed a petition, alleging that the judgment debtor was the owner of certain real estate in fee simple. On the application of the petitioner, the Court ordered the real estate to be sold on execution. It was sold accordingly, and Frazier became the purchaser. One of the administrators of the judgment debtor was present at the sale, and solicited Frazier to buy, assuring him that the title was good. Various proceedings took place, during which, Dunn, the judgment creditor transferred the judgment to one Adams, and Frazier refused to pay the purchase money. Another execution was issued which was enjoined. Finally, Frazier paid part of the money to Adams, and the remainder into Court, (to the clerk.) The judgment debtor had no title to the property. These facts being made to appear to the Court below, by bill in chancery, it ordered the money to be paid back to Frazier, but the Superior Court of Indiana, reversed the decree, on the distinct ground, that a purchaser who buys lands and pays the money, the judgment creditor receiving it, cannot recover it back from the creditor, either at law or in equity, merely because the judgment debtor had no title to the land. The proper course in such a case, was to proceed against the judgment debtor, or his estate, by bill in equity. And even in relation to the money in Court, it depended altogether upon the fact, whether there was any thing due on the judgment, or it was an overplus, in which last event it might be paid over to the purchaser. And see Warner v. Helm, 1 Gil-man, 220.
It will be seen, therefore, from these principles and authorities, the-petitioner, while he has no claim upon the fund now in Court, has a remedy against the estate of Duncan. That it may be unavailing is his misfortune. If the petitioner obtain the money he has paid, it must be by the voluntary act of the plaintiffs, and not by the order of this Court.
Let us now proceed to consider the petition of Doremus & Nixon, and A. Ransom & Co. They insist that, inasmuch as there was a partnership between James M. and Joseph Duncan, and the executor of Joseph Duncan, had used the partnership goods to pay the taxes on his real estate, and the expenses of administration, they, as creditors of the partnership, have a right to be repaid out of the fund in Court.
There can be no doubt that the partnership effects are primarily liable for the partnership debts, and that those effects ought not to be appropriated to the payment of the separate liabilities of one of the partners. And if the executors knowingly diverted them, in the manner charged in the bill filed in the Circuit Court of the State, they acted illegally. But conceding this, -it does not follow that the partnership creditors thereby obtained a lien upon the separate property of Duncan. No authority has been referred to which shows that if one partner withdraws funds from the partnership, and pays the taxes on his private estate, the creditors of the firm thereby acquire a lien on the land, unless, indeed, the decree on which the application now under consideration is founded, may be so regarded. All that can be said is, that the estate of the partner becomes liable to the creditor of the firm. The estate of the partner is still his own private property, and in case of his death, passes to his heirs or devisees, subject, if he had used the partnership funds for the purpose mentioned, to that debt as to others. Story on Part., § 97, 326, 858, 359, 360 & 361. Neither could the use of the partnership funds, by the executors, in the expenses of administration, create any lien upon the estate. It would still be a debt due from the estate. And, if the creditor of the firm was placed in the condition of those individuals to whom those expenses had been paid, it is doubtful, whether that circumstance, for reasons presently to be given, would affect the question.
It has been decided that the priority of the United States does not reach the property of a partner in partnership effects.
so as to pay the separate debt of one of the partners, (he being the debtor of the United States,) where the partnership property is not sufficient’ to pay the debts of the firm. U. S. v. Hack, 8 Peters, 271. But that proceeds upon the presumption that they are partnership effects. It is plain, if they had ceased to be such, and had become the separate property of the one indebted to the United States, the doctrine would be different. The true test would seem to be, whether the property belonged to the firm or the individual.
Now it is to be remarked, that these petitioners did not ask the Court of Morgan county to do more than to declare the partnership, and to decree the payment of the partnership debt, out of assets which were at that time, or thereafter to be, in the hands of the administrator. They claimed at most, not a lien on the estate, but a priority of payment out of the estate. And the Court, though it expresses the opinion, that the proceeds of the partnership effects were liable to the debts of the petitioners, wherever they could be traced, decides they were to be paid out of the estate of the testator. Accordingly, in whatever light we may regard this decree of the Circuit Court of Morgan county, it is clear it intended that payment of the debts was to be made out of Duncan’s estate, when there should be sufficient assets for that purpose in the hands of the administrator. The Court does not even decree that the petitioners shall be first paid; but there is an alternative, that they may be paid when the administrator, upon the settlement of his accounts as such, shall have money then remaining in his hands. The decree did not create any lien, specific or general, upon any fund, nor upon the real estate of the testator, as it probably could not; and it does not vary essentially from the usual judgment against an administrator, for the debt of a deceased party.
Though an objection was taken to the proceedings in Morgan county, because the United States were not made parties, it is said that the decree is binding on them in this Court, in this application on the part of the petitioners. Let us now examine this position, and endeavor to ascertain whether this is so.
At the time of Joseph Duncan’s death, his indebtedness to the United States, except the balance due on the judgments at law of this Court of 1841, did not constitute a lien upon his real or personal estate. The plaintiffs had only a right to a priority of payment. And it may be admitted, for the purpose of this argument, that their priority did not extend, in point of law, so as to operate upon the real estate of which Duncan died seized, in the hands of heirs or devisees. But at the time the petitioners filed their bill in the Circuit Court of Morgan county, there was a judgment of this Court against William Thomas as the administrator, with the will annexed, &c., of Duncan; and at the time the final decree was rendered in the Circuit Court of Morgan county, there was, and had been, for more than a year, a decree standing in this Court, which took effect upon all the real estate of Duncan within the state, and directed it all to be sold for the payment of the debts of the United States, first paying prior liens. When this decree was rendered, in June, 1846, the claims of the petitioners were certainly not a prior lien, binding the estate. If, then, we give effect to the decree in the State Court, we are not the less bound to give full effect to the judgments and decree in this Court; and we will now proceed to show, that it must be considered subject to those of this Court; that under the law and by virtue of the proceedings here, the decree of the Circuit Court of Morgan county could not become operative until the claims in this Court were satisfied.
The petitioners have not sought to enforce their decree in the State Court; indeed, so long as there is nothing in,the hands of the administrator, it could not, by its terms, be enforced. They come into this Court, and request its action upon their claims.
By the fifth section of the act of 3d of March, 1797, it is provided that when any revenue officer, or oilier pa-son, hereafter becoming indebted to the United States by bond or otherwise, or shall become insolvent, or where the estate, of any deceased debtor, in the hands of executors or administrators, shall be insufficient to pay all the debts due from the deceased, the debt due to the United States shall be first satisfied. 1 Statutes at Large, 515. This applies to two classes of debtors—those who are insolvent, and those whose estates, in the hands of executors or administrators, are not sufficient to discharge all the debts due from the estate. It was intended to reach the property of the debtor, whether living or dead. It has been decided that this section is applicable to all debtors of the United States. Joseph Duncan’s estate was the estate of a deceased ■ debtor of the United States; and when it came within the other requisition of the act—that is, whenever it came into the hands of executors or administrators—then the operation of the law was complete. The doctrine of the Supreme Court of the United States, as founded on this law, and on a similar one, (act of March 2d, 1799, sec. 65,) as it respects this point is, that the party, whether assignee, executor or administrator, into whose hands the estate of the two classes of debtors mentioned passes, becomes a trustee for the United States; and from the fund in his hands, they must first be paid. Blaston v. The Farmers’ Bank of Delaware, 12 Peters, 102; Brent v. Bank of Washington, 10 Peters, 596. If it be admitted that the priority of the United States did not extend to the real estate of Duncan, in the hands of heirs or devisees, as already stated, because it does not attach as against them, still when the real estate or the proceeds thereof passed to or vested by law in the hands of the executors or administrators, the priority did attach. United States v. Crookshank, 1 Edwards’ Chancery B., 233. Consequently, whenever the proceeds of any real estate, or any personal estate, came into the hands of Thomas as the administrator, he, having notice of the debt due the government, became a trustee for the United States, and was obliged to pay them first, independent of the judgment of December term, 1844, and the decree of June term, 1846, of this Court. These merely determined the amount of the debt, but in no degree changed his duty in the premises.
It is to be observed, that this law of Congress supersedes all state laws upon the subject of the distribution of those estates that come within its provisions. The language of the Supreme Court of the United States, in Thellason v. Smith, 2 Wheaton, 396, is, that there is no exception made by the law, in favor of a particular class of creditors. And the same Court, in Conrad v. Atlantic Insurance Company, 1 Peters, 444, say, that the priority of the United States does not yield to any class of creditors, however high may be the dignity of their debts. It follows, then, if these principles are correct, that the claims of the petitioners cannot bind any funds in the hands of the administrator, nor any lands sold under the judgments at law or the decree in chancery of this Court, nor the proceeds of the same, notwithstanding the decree of the Circuit Court of Morgan county; for whatever may be the effect • of this last decree, -it cannot operate, under the circumstances, so as to impair the rights of the United States. Field v. United States, 9 Peters, 182.
The remaining question is as to the effect of the judgments at law of the Circuit Court of Morgan county. As the rights of the petitioners, whose claims we are now to consider, depend upon the same principle, we will examine them together. This, then, was the position of the parties. The United States had judgments, binding all the lands of Duncan throughout the State, prior, in point of time, to the judgment of McConnel et al., and that of Matthews, which last two judgments, were binding only on lands in Morgan county; and the United States had a decree subsequent and subordinate to both, but which, in extent, had the advantage of operating, like the .judgments of June, 1841, throughout the State. The petitioners insist they have a right to throw the judgments of 1841, upon land without the county of Morgan. They assert that at the time their judgments became liens upon the real estate in Morgan county, the United States, having also judgments which were liens upon that land, and which were, besides, liens upon lands out of Morgan county, are compelled to go upon these last mentioned lands, upon the principle well recognized and understood, that where a party has a lien for a debt on two funds, and another party has a lien on one of the funds only, a court of equity will oblige the party who has the double fund, to resort in the first instance, for payment, to that fund upon which the other party has no lien. And it is contended that the circumstance of the United States procuring a decree, binding the lands out of Morgan county, before the application is made here, 'can make no difference. Another principle is also invoked, which may be considered settled law in New York at least; that where there is a general incumbrance upon distinct parcels of land, and the owner aliens them at different times to different persons, the parcel last sold is to be first charged to its full value to pay the general incumbrance, and so on backwards. The argument is this: if Duncan had mortgaged all his lands in the State, to the United States, for the payment of thirty thousand dollars, and then had mortgaged his lands in Morgan county to these petitioners for the amount of their judgments, and afterwards all his lands out of Morgan county to the United States for forty-nine thousand dollars, these lands out of Morgan, being the last aliened, are, according
to the doctrine above mentioned, to be first charged with the payment of the sum first named. And it can make no difference, it is said, if instead of mortgaging the lands out of Morgan, he had mortgaged all of his lands in the State over again; because, it will be seen, in order to adapt it to this case, we must include all of the land, the decree of 1846 of this Court binding the lands in Morgan county as well as elsewhere. It is urged that these being judgments, the principle is the same.
This is stating the proposition fully, and carrying the analogy to as great an extent in favor of the petitioners, as was contended for by their counsel on the argument.
The doctrine that where a man owns different parcels of land, and transfers some of them, himself also retaining some, all the parcels being subject, before the transfer, to a general incumbrance made by him, the part which he still retains shall be applied to the payment or discharge of that general imcumbrance, rather than that which he has transferred, is founded on the plainest principles of equity. It would he manifestly unjust that those persons to whom he had made transfers, should be compelled to pay off the incumbrance, when he held land which would satisfy it. Accordingly, it has been held, under such circumstances, that the property transferred is only liable, in the event of the part remaining in the owner not being sufficient to discharge the incumbrance. On the other hand, the doctrine already mentioned, as settled in New York, that land consisting of different parcels, subject to a general incumbrance, is in equity to be charged in the inverse order of the alienation of the several parcels, has been sometimes questioned, and Judge Story thinks it is not maintainable upon principle; and inclines to the opinion that there should be contribution, in such cases, according to the relative value of the estates. Story’s Equity Jurisp., §§634 a, 1233 a.
The New York doctrine was pressed very far in the case of Schryver v. Teller, 9 Paige, 173, and as that was cited in the argument by the counsel of the petitioners, and considered conclusively settling the principles which should govern this case, it may not be improper to give it a particular examination.
In that case, the owner of the parcels of land—one at Coxsakie, the other at Redhook—having encumbered both by judgments and eách by mortgages, on the 28th of May, 1840, mortgaged the Coxsackie property, and on the 7th of July following mortgaged it again to another person. On the 9th of June, of the same year, he mortgaged the Redhook property, and again on the 12th of the same month, this last being given to the same person that held the mortgage of the 7th of July on the Coxsackie property. On the 3d of June, 1840, a judgment was docketed, which was a lien on both. ■ The parties who held the mortgage of the 7th of July on the Coxsackie property, and those who held the mortgage of the 9th of June on the Redhook property, at different times and in different Courts, filed bills for foreclosure, and at different dates obtained the usual decrees for' sale of the property, the master having reported as to the priority of the several liens. On the 2d of March, 1841, the Red-hood property was sold for an amount sufficient to satisfy all the hens on it prior in point of time to the mortgage of the 28th of May, 1840 on the Coxsackie property. On the 23d of March, 1841, this last property was sold for an amount not sufficient to pay the costs of foreclosure and the mortgage of 28th of May, if the previous judgments, as well as the prior specific liens on that property, were paid out of such sale. Under these circumstances, the holder of the mortgage of the 28th of May made application to the Court for a modification of the original decree so as to throAV the judgments on the surplus proceeds of the Redhook property, after satisfying all liens thereon prior to his mortgage. The Court alloAved the application, on the ground that as the Redhook property was more than sufficient to pay all liens on it prior to the date of the applicant’s mortgage, in case the judgment creditors, who held liens at that time, sought to enforce them on the Redhook property, if the applicant paid them, he would have a right in equity to insist on an assignment of them, so that he might have a repayment out of the surplus proceeds, in preference to those who had liens on that property accruing after the date of his mortgage. For instance, the judgment creditors had hens on both properties, when his mortgage was taken on one. (Coxsackie.) If, in enforcing those liens, it would prejudice his mortgage, he would have a right in equity to compel them to go upon the Redhook property, because, certainly, he could be in no better position by taking an assignment of the judgments, than those who held them. Let us suppose the case put, had actually happened; that the applicant had purchased the judgments; then he would be the holder of judgments binding on both properties, and of a mortgage on one. The doctrine of the Court is, that in this condition, he could go upon the Redhook property to satisfy his judgments, in preference to one who had a lien on that property accruing after his mortgage. The Court illustrated it by saying, if there had been a mortgage on both properties, and it had been forclosed, the decree would require the property to be sold separately, and the proceeds so to be marshalled as to pay general liens on the whole out of that part of the fund arising from the sale of the Redhook property, thus far giving the applicant the benefit of his priority on the Coxsackie property, over a subsequent incumbrancer of.' the Redhook property.
In the case just cited, there was a general incumbrance, binding both parcels, also specific incumbrances binding each, and a transfer made of one, and then the other; and it seems to proceed, upon the principle that, inasmuch as at the-time when the transfer was made of one of the parcels, the party would have the-, right to compel the general incumbrancer to go upon that parcel: not affected by the transfer, no subsequent act of the owner in. relation to that other parcel, could change his rights. Whether.it would make any difference, if the general incumbrance and. the transfer of the second parcel were held by the same person,. does not appear; but it is certain, he would, in one sense, come within the qualification or limitation of the rule laid down by-Judge Story. He says, that though the rule, that is, if a creditor • has two funds, he shall take his satisfaction out of that fund upon which another creditor has no lien, is so general, it is never applied, except when it can be done without injustice to the person who has the double fund, as well as the debtor. It is never done - when it trenches upon the rights, or operates to the prejudice of the party entitled to the double fund. Equity Jurisprudence, § 558, 559, 560, 633. The object is to satisfy both creditors. It. is apparent, however, whenever the double fund is insufficient., to pay all the claims against it, and the same person has a right to proceed against both, and against one alone, it does affect the; right of the party entitled to the double fund. For example, in. this case, the United States have a general lien on different par- • cels of land; creditors, the petitioners, have also a general liem on some of the parcels; and the United States have a lien which.. may well be considered specific upon all the parcels. Now it is plain, if the creditors turn the general lien of the United States over to the lands not bound by the lien of the creditors, under the facts of this case, it diminishes, by so much, the fund which is to satisfy the decree of 1846. In other words, whatever is paid to the petitioners is an absolute loss to the plaintiffs. Notwithstanding such would be the effect, in this case, upon the party entitled to the double fund, it may be questionable whether the circumstance of taking a subsequent lien, would or ought to place them in a better position; certainly not, if the true reason be given for the rule, in the case in Paige. To apply the argument of that case to this ; if these petitioners had paid off the balance due on the judgments of the plaintiffs of 1841, they would have the right in equity, to insist upon an assignment thereof.
The case of Schry ver v. Teller, if we admit that it was rightly ruled, must be regarded as deciding that a general lien will be thrown upon a particular parcel of land so as to give a party having a mortgage the benefit of his priority over subsequent incumbrances, either of the whole or a part; that is, where the question is dependent upon priority of time alone. But it does not follow that this would be the rule where there is a priority of right, that is in a case where the parties, as such, do not stand upon an equality of right.
Let us, therefore, examine how far the character of the parties 'in this case, affects the question. The plaintiffs constitute the ■sovereign power of the country, and, according to the jurisprudence of most States, under certain circumstances, are entitled, as a creditor, to peculiar privileges. It was so under the Roman law; is so under the law of England, and under our own.
We must bear in mind, that the statutes giving the government a priority, are presumed to have for their object the public good, and are, therefore, to be liberally construed. United States v. State Bank of North Carolina, 6 Peter’s, 29 ; Beaston v. Farmers’ Bank of Delaware, 12 Peters, 134.
The application was presented in this case, after a levy had been made by the United States, upon lands in Morgan county, under executions issued on the judgments of 1841. The lands were sold and the moneys appropriated upon those judgments, •subsequefit to the filing of the original petitions, as appears by the supplemental petitions. This Court did not interfere with the proceedings under the executions, but suffered them to continue, and directed that there should be reserved a sufficient fund to meet the claim of the petitioners, from what might be made by the sale of lands in this case. The rights of the petitioners ought, perhaps, for that reason, to be considered the same as if the money arising from the sale of the Morgan lands had been paid into Court, subject to its order herein. And, apparently; it should be governed by the same principles as if the petitioners, instead of pursuing the course they have, had applied to a court of equity to restrain the proceedings on the executions, waiving for the purpose of the supposed case, all objections on account of sovereignty, and the United States had come and given, in answer, the decree of 1846; the indebtedness of Duncan’s estate; in fine, stating all the facts and claiming a priority of payment under the law.
It would seem upon principle, as well as by the authority of adjudged cases, if we throw out of view the decree of 1846, and the question of sovereignty, there coul<l|be nodoubt of the right of the judgment creditors to compel the plaintiffs to look to lands out of Morgan county, not bound by their lien, for the satisfaction of the balance due the United States, upon the judgments of 1811, for in that case, there would be property sufficient to pay both. It is true, technically speaking, the petitioners, if they paid the judgments of 1841, could not compel the plaintiffs to assign those judgments to them, because they could not strictly reach the United States. Hill v. United States, 9 Howard, 386. But if this difficulty were avoided, the question is whether the decree of 1846, which operated specifically upon lands not affected by the judgments of the petitioners, changes the principle.
It must be conceded the question is not free from embarrassment, in consequence of the difficulty of extracting from the various cases which have been decided, the true rule of interpretation of the acts of Congress, laid down by the Supreme Court.
•The petitioners had taken out executions on their judgments, within a year after they were rendered; on one some real estate, not in question here, had been sold; on the other, a small payment had been made; as to the balances due on them respectively, the judgments became general liens.
It has been uniformly held, in all the cases, that the priority of the United States, does not disturb any specific lien, nor the perfected lien of a judgment; that is. it does not supersede a mortgage on land, nor a judgment made perfect by the issue of an execution and a levy on land. Thelluson v. Smith. 2 Wheat., 396; Conard v. Atlantic Insurance Company, 1 Peters, 386.
But in the case of a general lien it is not so clear. The case of Thelluson v. Smith, if it is not considered, as in some respects, overruled by the case of Conard v. The Atlantic Ins.' Co., certainly establishes the doctrine that the priority of the United States does not yield to a judgment which is a general lien upon real estate. The facts were, that Thelluson and others, recovered a judgment against Crammond, which, it was admitted by the Court, was a lien upon his lands on the 20lh of May, 1805. Afterwards he made an assignment of all his estate, being insolvent, and in debt to the United States, so as to bring him within the operation of the acts of Congress. The United States subsequently brought suit against him, had judgment, sued out execution, levied on and sold an estate, called Sedgeley, admitted to be bound by the judgment of May 20, 1805. The marshal having received the proceeds, Thelluson et al., brought suit against him. They had not issued execution, nor levied on the estate by virtue of their judgment. One of the questions made in the case was, whether the United States were entitled to be paid in preference to the judgment creditor? This the Supreme Court decided in the affirmative, concluding by saying; “a judgment gives the judgment creditor a lien on the debtor’s lands, and a preference over all subsequent judgment creditors. But the act of Congress defeats this preference.” This was under the act of 1799, but we have already seen, that in this respect, it is like the act of 1797.
This case was particularly examined and reviewed in Conard v. The Atlantic Insurance Company. It is there said, that Thelluson v. Smith was a case where a judgment creditor sought to recover the proceeds of a sale of land made under an adverse execution, on the ground that he had a general lien by judgment on the land; and in such, circumstances the action was not maintainable. The real ground of the decision, the Court says, was, that the judgment creditor had never made his lien specific; that he had no title to the proceeds as his property; and if they were to be deemed general funds of the debtor, the priority of the United States attached; that a mere lien on land did not convey the legal title to the proceeds of a sale, made under an adverse execution: the ease did not establish the principle, that a specific lien could be displaced by the priority of the United States; because that priority was not, of itself, equivalent to a lien. Judge Johnson, in his separate opinion, says, that he never acknowledged the authority of the case of Thelluson v. Smith, on the point supposed to be decided by it—the precedence of the debt of the United States, as to a previous judgment, in the ease of a general assignment; and that he concurred in it, only because of the want of priority between the parties. He thought the sale of the Sedgeley estate under the execution was a nullity, because the assignment of Crammond divested all Ms interest, so as to place it beyond the reach of the execution issued on the judgment of the United States. Suppose, however, the assignees in whom the estate had vested—admitting it had vested—had sold it notwithstanding the lien; then, according to my understanding of the case of Thelluson v. Smith, even as corrected and explained in Conard v. The Atlantic Insurance Company, the proceeds of the sale in the hands of the assignees, would have been subject to the priority of the United States. As, in this case, if the lands in Morgan county had been sold by the executors or administrator, under the authority of the will or of the law, the proceeds would have been liable, not to the judgment creditors, (the petitioners,) but to the United States; it being understood in all such cases, that the executor or administrator in whose hands the proceeds were, had notice of the debt due the government.
In Conard v. The Atlantic Insurance Company, the Court are careful to say, the priority of the United States does not affect any specific lien; but in the ease of Brent v. The Bank of Washington, 10 Peters, 596, the Court state, that it has never been decided that the priority of the United States affects any lien, general or specific, existing when the event happened which gave them priority.
Suppose, then, the case of Thelluson v. Smith may be considered as shaken, and, indeed, overruled—about which some doubt may be entertained—so far as it gives a preference to the United States over the general lien of a judgment creditor; it would follow that the judgments of these petitioners would not be affected by the mere force of the statute of 1797; and, possibly, we might go farther, and say they would not be affected by any mere judgment or decree in favor of the United States, on the indebtedness of Duncan’s estate, rendered after the date of the judgments of the petitioners. But this Court is asked to go even farther; to say that the United States shall forego their lien of 1841, superior to that of the petitioners, as to the lands in Morgan county, and release a part of the lands bound by their decree of 1846, out of that county; so that the petitioners may be paid in preference to the plaintiffs. This, it seems to me, cannot be done. The United States are entitled to all their legal rights; and, in the case supposed of an application to a Court of Equity, to say to the judgment creditors: We will enforce our lien of older date than yours, made specific by a levy before you applied to the Court: we will retain our lien under the decree of 1846 upon the lands out of Morgan county: we are not to be regarded as ordinary individual creditors of the estate; your rights must yield to ours. The same answer to the application of the petitioners, must be given in this Court. If they have a lien, so have the United States; and to decide that under the circumstances of this case, the latter, could not enforce their judgments of 1S41, would be to say, in effect, they had no priority of payment at all; but that they must stand upon an equal footing with all other creditors; to prevent which was the very object of that portion of the statutes of 1797 and 1799, already referred to.
We have been told their lien cannot be displaced by that which is not a lien—the priority of the plaintiffs. It is not. There is not only a priority, but that priority has been perfected into specific liens. If it be said, that, discarding the decree of 1846, the United States might be regarded as individuals, and thrown on the lands out of Morgan county for the satisfaction of their judgments of 1841, and they ought consequently to be treated in the same manner, notwithstanding that decree: if the first could be done, the other would not necessarily follow; and the reason is—in the former case the United States would be paid; in the latter, not; and the law is imperative they shall be first paid, when the estate of any deceased debtor, in the hands of administrators or executors, is insufficient to pay all the debts due from the deceased. And certainly, the lands of the deceased debtor, when these petitioners made their application to this Court, were as strongly bound by the priority of the claim of the United States, as the proceeds of them would have been, in the hands of executors or administrators.
The laws of the United States giving a priority to the government, are of general application in the cases therein stated; and if a debtor is to be excepted out of the general rule, it devolves upon the party alleging the exception, to show it. I think these petitioners have not satisfactorily established their right to be withdrawn from the ordinary predicament of creditors, when they come in competition with the claims of the government. In all such cases, it is manifest Congress intended to give priority of payment to the United States, over all other creditors. Beaston v. The Farmers’ Bank of Delaware, 12 Peters, 134.
Admitting that the question is not free from difficulty, yet I have not been able to arrive at any other conclusion than that which is here announced. It is sometimes a hard rule, undoubtedly, upon individual creditors and upon families, that a man’s whole estate should be swept away, to pay a debt due to the government; but Courts of justice can only expound and apply the law; and if, upon a fair and impartial examination of the subject, they can ascertain its intent and meaning, their duty is simply to administer it, ’as it becomes applicable, in the various relations of life, to the rights and interests of the parties before them.
Archibald Williams, District Attorney, for the Pltffs.
D. A. Smith & Wm. Brows, for the Petitioners.
The opinion of the profession in Illinois, is so general in favor of the doctrine that the lien of judgments of the United States Court, is co-extensive with its jurisdiction, as stated in the text, it was not controverted on the argument. See the question discussed in a report which was confirmed by the Circuit Court of the U. S. for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, contained in ‘he case of Bayard v Lombard et al, 9 Howard’s Reports, 530. The Supreme Court of the United States, held that the derision of the Circuit Court was final and conclusive under the circumstances, and could not be reviewed, consequently, no opinion was given as to the lien of judgments obtained in the Circuit Court of the United States. Wallace Jr. R, 196, S. C.
|
CASELAW
|
Cammy Abernathy
Cammy R. Abernathy is a materials scientist who is the former dean of the University of Florida's Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering.
Education
Abernathy graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1980 followed by MS and PhD degrees from Stanford University in 1985. She received all three of her degrees in materials science and engineering.
Career
Abernathy began as a professor at the University of Florida in 1993. From 2004 and 2009, she worked as an associate dean for the college. In 2009, she was named the Dean of the Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering. In 2015, the college received $50 million from its namesake, Herbert Wertheim. It was the largest cash gift in UF history. She eventually stepped down in December of 2022, being replaced in the interim by Forrest Masters.
She was among three finalists to be the new president of the University of Memphis. Ultimately, Bill Hardgrave was appointed.
Her research includes work in thin-film electronic materials and devices. She is the author of over 500 journal publications, 430 conference papers, one co-authored book, 7 edited books, 8 book chapters, and 7 distinct patents. She currently serves as the William H. Wadsworth director of the Engineering Leadership Institute at UF.
Recognition
Abernathy was recognized as a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2009 "for contributions to the development of compound semiconductor materials growth using molecular beam epitaxy". She is also a fellow of the American Vacuum Society.
In 2016, the Association for Academic Women at the University of Florida honored Abernathy as its 2016 Woman of Distinction for her leadership and commitment to diversity and inclusion.
|
WIKI
|
How to subtract 30 minutes from time In Excel
You can subtract (or add) minutes to a given time using the time function available in the time function. The subtracting feature determines the number of minutes that elapsed in a given event. To calculate this, you need to have a cell that contains your time, from which 30 minutes will be subtracted. In most cases, the time is usually expressed in terms of hours, which may pose a great problem in computing time. This article will discuss some of the simplest ways to calculate the substation of 30 minutes from a given time.
Using the Time Format
This is one of the simplest methods of subtracting 30 minutes from a given time. In this format, you must enter the time the cells use the time format.
For example, You can enter 11:56:00 in the first cell and then enter the minutes to be subtracted (30 minutes) in the second cell. Then use the subtraction operation to compute the difference.
Here are the steps to do so:
1. On excel, click on the first cell. Enter your initial time in time format (HH:MM: SEC).
2. On the second cell, enter the minutes to be subtracted (30 minutes). In this case, you'll use the time format also, i.e., 00:30:00.
3. Select another blank cell where the results will be stored. Then, enter the subtraction formulae (=A1-A2).
4. Finally, click the enter button, and the new time will be displayed on the selected cell.
How to change cell’s time format
To change the time format, these steps are followed:
1. Highlight the cells you want to change the format.
2. Then, right-click on the highlighted cells.
3. On the side-view menu, choose the format cells option.
4. On the dialogue box, choose the number tab. From the list displayed, select the time button.
5. Choose the time format you want to apply to your cells from the type section.
Converting Hours to Minutes, and then subtracting 30 minutes
Given time in hours, you can convert it to minutes and then subtract minutes (30 minutes).
Here are the formulae to convert hours to minutes.
=hours*1440
Steps:
1. On your Excel worksheet, enter the hours to be converted to minutes in the first column.
2. Then, on the second cell, convert the entered hours to minutes, i.e., hours *1440. Save the result on a blank cell.
3. You can easily deduct 30 minutes from the converted minutes. Click on a blank cell and enter the formulae to subtract 30 minutes on a new column.
=converted minutes-30 minutes
4. Finally, click the enter button and save the changes on the selected cell.
NOTE: You can convert the resulting minutes back to hours. To do so,
Divide the resulting minutes by 1440.
=minutes/1440
To change the time format, you can use the dialogue box. That is, right-click on the selected cell and choose the Format cells button. Alternatively, press CTRL+1 to open the format cells dialogue box.
%d bloggers like this:
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Page:Cuthbert Bede--Little Mr Bouncer and Tales of College Life.djvu/38
18 was such a good opportunity—and the money would have been so nice—and I could have bought such handsome presents to take home to my sisters—and, you must remember, that I had all the benefits of Blucher Boots' superior knowledge—and he is Lord Balmoral's son, you know—and he said something about my being just the sort of man that his father would like to be introduced to—and he hinted at my coming to see them at Wellington House in the Long Vacation—and he seemed so civil and friendly—and it is for me that he is investing the fifteen pounds, and not for himself, you understand"—
"Oh! I understand perfectly," said little Mr. Bouncer, cutting his friend short; "and Blucher Boots shall find it another pair of shoes before I 've done with him. Oh, Giglamps! what would your respected parients [sic] say, if they knew that you 'd made a book on the Derby, and been and gone and done it after this fashion? Your Governor don't bet on races, does he?"
"Oh, no! I'm sure he does not!" responded Mr. Verdant Green, heartily, as his thoughts fled back to his home at the Manor Green, Warwickshire, and pictured the form of his father, sitting tranquilly, after breakfast, and reading his letters and morning news paper in slippered ease.
"And," continued little Mr. Bouncer, assuming the air of a Mentor, "I 'm equally sure that he would n't like his only son and heir to do so."
"I 'm quite sure about that," said Verdant, confidently; "and I 'm very sorry now that I have given away those three five-pound notes, and have been induced to make bets on The Knight. And the fact is, that it is fretting me very much."
|
WIKI
|
Page:United States v. Texas (2023).pdf/12
Rh All of those considerations help explain why federal courts have not traditionally entertained lawsuits of this kind. By concluding that Texas and Louisiana lack standing here, we abide by and reinforce the proper role of the Federal Judiciary under Article III. The States’ novel standing argument, if accepted, would entail expansive judicial direction of the Department’s arrest policies. If the Court green-lighted this suit, we could anticipate complaints in future years about alleged Executive Branch under-enforcement of any similarly worded laws—whether they be drug laws, gun laws, obstruction of justice laws, or the like. We decline to start the Federal Judiciary down that uncharted path. Our constitutional system of separation of powers “contemplates a more restricted role for Article III courts.” Raines, 521 U. S., at 828.
In holding that Texas and Louisiana lack standing, we do not suggest that federal courts may never entertain cases involving the Executive Branch’s alleged failure to make more arrests or bring more prosecutions.
First, the Court has adjudicated selective-prosecution claims under the Equal Protection Clause. In those cases, however, a party typically seeks to prevent his or her own prosecution, not to mandate additional prosecutions
|
WIKI
|
view data/plugin/action/loadactions.py @ 627:f683dea1ac1b
FormSubmit: fix misc. issues * actions[] is a list, so use form.getlist * if getHandler returns None, don't call that * misc. file upload related fixes for werkzeug * use taintfilename on supplied filenames for better security
author Thomas Waldmann <tw AT waldmann-edv DOT de>
date Mon, 25 Mar 2013 19:41:11 +0100
parents 5f499a634857
children 819c4121f9a0
line wrap: on
line source
# -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
"""
MoinMoin - loadactions Action
Triggers multiple actions at once.
Actions are defined in actions[] CGI parameter,
where actions[] is array of action names.
@copyright: 2008 by Peter Bodi <petrdll@centrum.sk>
@license: GNU GPL, see COPYING for details.
"""
from MoinMoin import wikiutil
from MoinMoin.Page import Page
from MoinMoin.action import ActionBase
from MoinMoin.action import getHandler
from submitbase import SubmitError
def execute(pagename, request):
for action in request.form.getlist("actions[]"):
handler = getHandler(request, action)
try:
if handler:
handler(pagename, request)
except SubmitError:
# Stop executing next actions if there is an error
break
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Fort Washita, Oklahoma was established in 1842 by General Zachary Taylor to protect the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations from the Plains Indians. The post was the southwestern-most fort in the United States at the time.
After having been forced to move from their homelands in the southeastern United States to Indian Territory, the Choctaw and Chickasaw settled in what is now southern Oklahoma. However, this land had traditionally been the hunting grounds of several Plains tribes including the Comanche, Wichita, Caddo, and Kiowa. These indigenous tribes were not happy with the newcomers and occasionally threatened them.
Initially, log barracks were built to house the officers and soldiers, but more permanent stone buildings were constructed in 1849. More stone buildings were also built over the next several years including a hospital, surgeon’s quarters, and additional wooden structures including stables and corrals for the cavalry.
The troops garrisoned at the fort were responsible for protecting the “Civilized” Indians and provided quarters for the Indian Agency to the two tribes. Families and slaves soon followed the soldiers to the frontier fort. Though officers’ families stayed in assigned quarters, enlisted men were allotted only ½ of a bed in a barracks. If they had families, their wives and children lived in a small settlement that formed just to the west of the fort.
This community, first called Rugglesville for Major Daniel Ruggles who commanded the fort after the Mexican-American War, was not a good family environment as it was filled with saloons, gambling halls, and bordellos. The frontier community would eventually support a general store, a post office, restaurants, and hotels. Colonel William Harney built a billiards hall, bowling alley, and tavern on the post in 1844. The town would later be called Hatsboro, but was entirely gone by the turn of the century.
When the Mexican-American War broke out in 1846, activity at the fort increased as it became a staging point for the conflict. The number of troops garrisoned at the post increased from an average of 150 to almost 2,000 during this time.
After the war was over, gold was discovered in California in 1849, prompting thousands of people to head west in search of their fortunes. Many of these emigrants chose the more southern route to California to avoid the cold winters, the snow, and cholera outbreaks that plagued the northern routes. However, the southern route was not without peril, being subject to attacks from the Plains Indians. Due to the danger, many emigrating parties rendezvoused at Fort Washita, before making the long journey.
In 1850 General Matthew Arbuckle, commander at Fort Smith, Arkansas ordered the establishment of a fort west of Fort Washita to aid the protection of California emigrants. This fort became Fort Arbuckle and was commanded by General William G. Belknap. However, when Belknap fell ill in the fall of 1851 and was being transferred to Fort Gibson, Oklahoma to see his family he died along the way on November 10, 1851, and was interred at Fort Washita.
By 1858 there was an east barracks, hospital, and surgeon’s quarters all built from native stone, in addition to a number of wooden structures. A corral and stables on the hillside southwest of the fort supported cavalry operations, which comprised the bulk of the forces assigned to Fort Washita until the 1850s. Afterward, the post served as a United States Army Field Artillery School, at which time several artillery units were assigned to the fort in addition to infantry and cavalry.
Fort Washita’s importance as a military post waned as the frontier moved westward, the Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians grew more settled and incursions by the Plains Indians lessened. As a result, the fort was closed briefly in February 1858 but was reopened in December of the same year due to an increased number of Comanche raids.
When the Civil War broke out, the fort was abandoned by Union forces in April 1861 and was immediately taken over by Confederate troops. Though no battles occurred at the post, it became an important Confederate supply depot and for most of the war, was the headquarters of Brigadier General Douglas Cooper. The fort stayed in Confederate hands until the end of the war, at which time the southern forces burned the fort and it was never reoccupied.
In 1870, the War Department transferred the fort to the Department of the Interior and its buildings remained unused and deteriorating for the next two decades. In 1897, the communal lands of the Chickasaw Nation, including Fort Washita, were divided up and allotments given to individual Chickasaw citizens.
The former military land was given over to the Colbert family, a prominent Chickasaw family. Charles Colbert turned the west barracks into a personal home and the remaining buildings were used as living quarters and agricultural buildings for the next 60 years. The Colberts also used the cemetery as a family cemetery, as well as allotting some land to area families for their use. The old west barracks continued to serve as Colbert’s household until it burned down in 1917.
In 1962, the site was acquired by the Oklahoma Historical Society who painstakingly restored, rebuilt, and preserved many of the buildings and ruins. In 1965, the historic fort was designated as a National Historic Landmark.
Sadly, on September 25, 2010, the reconstructed south barracks were destroyed by fire. Three teens were arrested for setting the fire and were sentenced.
In 2016, the Chickasaw Nation partnered with the Oklahoma Historical Society to assume responsibility and management of Fort Washita. Today, visitors to Fort Washita can tour restored structures, witness Civil War reenactments, and take part in the yearly Fur Trade Era Rendezvous to experience what life was like before and during the Civil War. Other events throughout the year include storytelling, outdoor movies and special seasonal and holiday events that the whole family can enjoy. In addition to the many buildings and foundations, the post cemetery still exists, as well as the Colbert Cemetery, a Chickasaw burial ground, and a Confederate Cemetery.
Fort Washita is located some 15 miles northwest of Durant, Oklahoma at 3348 State Road 199.
3348 State Rd. 199
Star Route 213
Durant, Oklahoma 74701-9443
|
FINEWEB-EDU
|
net.rim.device.api.system
Class AccelerometerSensor
java.lang.Object
|
+--net.rim.device.api.system.AccelerometerSensor
public class AccelerometerSensor
extends Object
Provides accelerometer sensor query and listener registration methods.
Overview
There are two types of accelerometer data:
Acceleration sensors return G-force values along the X, Y, and Z axes, relative to the ground, as follows:
For example, if the handheld is lying flat on a table, the X and Y values are equal to 0, while Z is equal to 1000 (which represents G-Force, or 9.80665m/sec2). In freefall, all three values are equal to 0. The G-Force value is specified by G_FORCE_VALUE constant.
Hardware Limitations
Accelerometer sensor hardware is limited by the following factors:
Battery Considerations
Subscribing to accelerometer sensor readings is costly for the device battery, and should therefore only be used only when necessary. To turn on the accelerometer sensor, invoke the openRawDataChannel(Application) or openOrientationDataChannel(Application) methods. While the returned channel is open, the accelerometer sensor is powered and is sampled for changes. When the returned channel is closed, the accelerometer sensor is not queried.
Code Samples
The following code sample illustrates how to retrieve periodic acceleration data in a dedicated thread:
public void run()
{
// open channel
Channel rawDataChannel = AccelerometerSensor.openRawDataChannel( Application.getApplication() );
// create raw sample vector with three components - X, Y, Z
short[] xyz = new short[ 3 ];
while( running ) {
// read acceleration
rawDataChannel.getLastAccelerationData( xyz );
// process the acceleration
process( xyz );
// sleep for maintaining query rate
Thread.sleep( 500 );
}
// close the channel to stop sensor query routine
rawDataChannel.close();
}
When using orientation values instead of raw sample values, the most efficient way is to receive orientation change notifications using a listener. This approach avoids having to create another applications thread for periodic orientation checks. The following code sample illustrates how to use an orientation listener:
private Channel orientationChannel;
public void register()
{
// open channel
orientationChannel = AccelerometerSensor.openOrientationDataChannel( Application.getApplication() );
orientationChannel.setAccelerometerListener( this );
}
public void onData( AccelerometerData accData )
{
// get the new orientation
int newOrientation = accData.getOrientation();
// relayout accordingly
relayout( newOrientation );
}
public void unregister()
{
// close the channel to save power
orientationChannel.close();
}
The following code sample illustrates how to specify background raw data listening:
// create channel config
AccelerometerChannelConfig channelConfig = new AccelerometerChannelConfig( AccelerometerChannelConfig.TYPE_RAW );
// specify background mode support
channelConfig.setBackgroundMode( true );
// open accelerometer channel that is active in background
Channel channel = AccelerometerSensor.openChannel( Application.getApplication(), channelConfig );
The following code sample illustrates how to configure channel to accumulate samples in a buffer:
// create channel config
AccelerometerChannelConfig channelConfig = new AccelerometerChannelConfig( AccelerometerChannelConfig.TYPE_RAW );
// specify number of raw acceleration samples to keep in buffer
channelConfig.setSamplesCount( 500 );
// open accelerometer channel
Channel bufferedChannel = AccelerometerSensor.openChannel( Application.getApplication(), channelConfig );
The following code sample illustrates how to query for accumulated raw acceleration samples:
AccelerometerData accData;
while( running ) {
// query for buffered accelerometer data
accData = bufferedChannel.getAccelerometerData();
// get the number of new acceleration samples
int newBatchSize = accData.getNewBatchLength();
// get samples buffers
short[] xAccel = accData.getXAccHistory();
short[] yAccel = accData.getYAccHistory();
short[] zAccel = accData.getZAccHistory();
// process new batch
process( xAccel, yAccel, zAccel );
// sleep for some seconds
Thread.sleep( 4000 );
}
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
Inner Class Summary
static class AccelerometerSensor.Channel
Encapsulates an active connection to accelerometer sensor.
Field Summary
static int G_FORCE_VALUE
Constant for raw acceleration value that is equal to G-Force.
static int ORIENTATION_BACK_UP
Orientation constant indicating the BlackBerry device display is directly facing the ground.
static int ORIENTATION_BOTTOM_UP
Orientation constant indicating the bottom side of the Blackberry device is moving upwards.
static int ORIENTATION_FRONT_UP
Orientation constant indicating the BlackBerry device display is facing 180 degrees from the ground.
static int ORIENTATION_LEFT_UP
Orientation constant indicating the left side of the BlackBerry device is moving upwards.
static int ORIENTATION_RIGHT_UP
Orientation constant indicating the right side of the BlackBerry device is moving upwards.
static int ORIENTATION_TOP_UP
Orientation constant indicating the top side of the Blackberry device is moving upwards.
static int ORIENTATION_UNKNOWN
Orientation constant indicating an unknown BlackBerry device orientation.
Method Summary
static boolean isSupported()
Returns if accelerometer sensor is supported on this device.
static AccelerometerSensor.Channel openChannel(Application app, AccelerometerChannelConfig cfg)
Turns on accelerometer sensor based on channel configuration.
static AccelerometerSensor.Channel openOrientationDataChannel(Application app)
Turns on accelerometer sensor for orientation data.
static AccelerometerSensor.Channel openRawDataChannel(Application app)
Turns on accelerometer sensor for raw acceleration data.
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
Field Detail
G_FORCE_VALUE
public static final int G_FORCE_VALUE
Constant for raw acceleration value that is equal to G-Force.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
ORIENTATION_BACK_UP
public static final int ORIENTATION_BACK_UP
Orientation constant indicating the BlackBerry device display is directly facing the ground.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
ORIENTATION_BOTTOM_UP
public static final int ORIENTATION_BOTTOM_UP
Orientation constant indicating the bottom side of the Blackberry device is moving upwards.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
ORIENTATION_FRONT_UP
public static final int ORIENTATION_FRONT_UP
Orientation constant indicating the BlackBerry device display is facing 180 degrees from the ground.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
ORIENTATION_LEFT_UP
public static final int ORIENTATION_LEFT_UP
Orientation constant indicating the left side of the BlackBerry device is moving upwards.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
ORIENTATION_RIGHT_UP
public static final int ORIENTATION_RIGHT_UP
Orientation constant indicating the right side of the BlackBerry device is moving upwards.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
ORIENTATION_TOP_UP
public static final int ORIENTATION_TOP_UP
Orientation constant indicating the top side of the Blackberry device is moving upwards.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
ORIENTATION_UNKNOWN
public static final int ORIENTATION_UNKNOWN
Orientation constant indicating an unknown BlackBerry device orientation.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
Method Detail
isSupported
public static boolean isSupported()
Returns if accelerometer sensor is supported on this device. If there is no accelerometer sensor, the channel registration methods throw IllegalStateException.
Returns:
true if supported; false otherwise.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
openChannel
public static AccelerometerSensor.Channel openChannel(Application app,
AccelerometerChannelConfig cfg)
throws IllegalStateException,
IllegalArgumentException
Turns on accelerometer sensor based on channel configuration.
Throws:
IllegalStateException - if the handheld does not have accelerometer sensor, or if channel is already opened for an application, or both foreground and background modes are off.
IllegalArgumentException - if channel is configured for raw data, and count is less than 1.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
openOrientationDataChannel
public static AccelerometerSensor.Channel openOrientationDataChannel(Application app)
Turns on accelerometer sensor for orientation data. The channel can be queried for orientation data by invoking the AccelerometerSensor.Channel.getOrientation() method. Alternatively, a listener can be registered by invoking the AccelerometerSensor.Channel.setAccelerometerListener(AccelerometerListener) method. An applicaton can open only one accelerometer channel.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
openRawDataChannel
public static AccelerometerSensor.Channel openRawDataChannel(Application app)
Turns on accelerometer sensor for raw acceleration data. The channel can be queried for acceleration data by invoking the AccelerometerSensor.Channel.getLastAccelerationData(short[]) method. An applicaton can open only one accelerometer channel.
Since:
JDE 4.7.0
Copyright 1999-2009 Research In Motion Limited. 295 Phillip Street, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3W8. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright 1993-2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California, 94303, U.S.A.
Copyright 2002-2003 Nokia Corporation All Rights Reserved.
Java is a trademark or registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the US and other countries.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Padri Jo Goth
Padri Jo Goth is a village in Sanghar District, Sindh, Pakistan.
History
The village consists of around 500 families living on land bought by the Catholic Church in 1938. Franciscan Father Dildar Micheal is the parish priest in 2023. The Faithful Companions of Jesus Sisters also run a dispensary out of their St. Alverna Convent. The St Isidore high school run by the Franciscan Sisters of the Heart of Jesus provides education to the community up to the 10th grade. In 2023 some 450 disadvantaged children are receiving an education at the school funded by Catholic Missions.
Local violence
The marriage of a young tribal Hindu woman and a Christian man she chose angered her community in 2004. This led to friction between the two communities.
In 2012, a mother of two was set on fire by her in-laws over a domestic dispute. In 2013 a Muslim man wanted to marry a Catholic nurse from the village. He approached her with a proposal to marry him and convert to Islam. When she turned him down, he threatened to abduct her and disfigure her with acid.
Current events
The Mission Fund in Malta provided financial help to the local families who lost their homes and belongings in the 2013 flood.
On 19 June 2020, St. Isidore's parish participated in the 11th World Rosary Relay. The parish priest at the time was Fr Felix de Souza OFM.
Notables
* Bishop Sebastian Francis Shaw, appointed Archbishop of Lahore in 2013,
|
WIKI
|
European Union strikes deal on carbon market reform
BRUSSELS, Nov 9 (Reuters) - European Union negotiators agreed to a compromise on carbon market reforms on Thursday, with the bloc keen for a deal this week to show leadership at United Nations (UN) climate talks in Bonn, a spokeswoman for the EU presidency said in an e-mail to Reuters. The deal reached was reached early on Thursday after months of dogged talks among EU nations, the European Parliament and the EU executive to finalise reforms to the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) for enactment after 2020. “In the early hours of today, the Council and the European Parliament reached a provisional deal on the EU Emissions Trading System,” said Annikky Lamp, a spokeswoman for Estonia, which holds the bloc’s rotating presidency. The results of the compromise between the EU lawmakers still needs to be formally endorsed by member states and Parliament. (Reporting by Alissa de Carbonnel in Brussels; Editing by Christian Schmollinger)
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Detection of unexpected tones in gated and continuous maskers
Beverly A. Wright, Huanping Dai
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
28 Scopus citations
Abstract
The effect of gating a wideband masker on the detectability of tones having unexpected frequencies was assessed using a probe-signal method. This method leads the listener to expect a target frequency by presenting the signal most often at that frequency, and measures sensitivity to other unexpected frequencies via occasionally presented probe tones. For 295-ms signals, the probe-signal contours (percent correct as a function of probe frequency) of two of four subjects were considerably broader for a 295-ms masker than for a continuous masker. For 5-ms signals, the probe-signal contours of four of five subjects were quite broad and similar for both gated and continuous maskers. When the probe-signal contours were expressed as the attenuation in decibels of the probes, the resulting “probe-signal filters” were frequently broader than auditory filters measured using notched noise in the same subjects. This suggests that subjects may monitor multiple auditory filters under some conditions in the probe-signal task. Signal threshold tended to be higher for conditions showing wider probe-signal filters, indicating a potential link between changes in signal threshold due to masker gating and the number of frequency channels that are monitored.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)939-948
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of the Acoustical Society of America
Volume95
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 1994
Externally publishedYes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
• Acoustics and Ultrasonics
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Detection of unexpected tones in gated and continuous maskers'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
1986 Pacific Cup
The 1986 Pacific Cup was the 3rd Pacific Cup, a rugby league tournament held between Pacific teams. The tournament was hosted in the Cook Islands and eventually won by the New Zealand Māori side, who defeated Western Samoa in the final.
Background
The 1986 Pacific Cup was the first to be held after the cancellation of the planned 1979 version. Only the New Zealand Māori side returned from the first two editions, as this Pacific Cup had a more Pacific Island focus than the first two which included Papua New Guinea (who now had Test status) and Australian lower grade sides.
Squads
* The Cook Islands included John Whittaker, George Lajpold and Riki Cowan.
* Coached by Richard Bolton, the New Zealand Māori squad included Gary Mercer, Dave Watson, Adrian Shelford, Mark Woods, Anthony Murray, captain Sam Stewart, Mark Horo, Tawera Nikau and Mike Kuiti. Hugh McGahan, Ron O'Regan, Owen Wright, Tracey McGregor, Andrew Vincent and Brendon Tuuta all pulled out of the side due to injury or professional club commitments. The Māori side played a warm up game before the competition began, defeating Waikato 52–32. It was the first time in over two decades that the Māori side was comprised completely of Māori players, as the side had previously also picked Polynesian players.
* Tokelau included Sam Panapa. The rest of the squad was selected entirely from domestic players, chosen from a population of just over 1000.
* Tonga included John Fifita, George Mann, Dick Uluave and Robert Fonua.
* Western Samoa included Paddy Tuimavave, Anitelea Aiolupotea, To'o Vaega, Lomitusi Sasi, Filitoga Lameta, Esene Faimalo, Robert Moimoi, Mike Kerrigan, Richard Setu and Paul Okesene.
Team of the Tournament
The 1986 Pacific Cup Tournament team was named at the end of the tournament and included: George Huriwai (Māori), Gary Mercer (Māori), Anitelea Aiolupotea (Samoa), Robert Fonua (Tonga), Alamoni Liavaʻa (Tonga), Paddy Tuimavave (Samoa), Sam Panapa (Tokelau), Neville Ramsay (Māori), Dave Sefuiva (Samoa), Adrian Shelford (Māori), Simona Foua (Tokelau), Mick Curran (Tonga), Simona Foua (Samoa), Sam Stewart (Māori), John Fifita (Tonga), Lorne Greene (Māori) and Dick Uluave (Tonga).
|
WIKI
|
Gordon Blair (musician)
Gordon Blair (born 1958 in Belfast), usually known as Gordy Blair, is a Northern Irish musician.
Blair started off his musical career as the bass guitarist for Highway Star, the band that was to become Stiff Little Fingers. In 1976 he joined Belfast punk band Rudi, with whom he stayed for three years. After leaving Rudi, he played for The Outcasts, The Trial, Big Self and Ruefrex, lasting for periods of between a year and three years with each band. Between 1987 and 1997, he spent various periods of time playing bass for Australian group Dave Graney and the Coral Snakes, before finally hanging up his bass to concentrate on a new career in desktop publishing.
|
WIKI
|
Vattakkali
Vattakkali is a dance form seen among the Vattuvar community in the Kerala, India. In this dance participants make extremely fast moves while making vigorous ring forms in tune to the music or song sung by the group. Both men and women participate in the dance. Twelve different types of 'steps' are executed. The beauty of the intricate footwork is heightened by the tinkling of anklets and bells and also by the rhythmic clapping of hand. The whirling movements become faster as the dancing reaches a climax. This dance is performed during the Onam festival season very often. The dance is also called Chuvadukali or Chavittukali.
|
WIKI
|
User:Itpastorn/dko
CCNA 1 related articles My personal list of recommended articles for my friends and students.
On WP
* Portal:Computer_networking
* Cisco Career Certifications
Free CCNA material
* CCNA Discovery test chapters
* CCNA Exploration test chapters
Other material from Cisco
* Internetworking Technology Handbook
* Internetworking Technology Handbook as a Wiki
General good resources
* Free online book (in Swedish: Datorkommunikation)
* Vyatta training(Open source, off the shelf Cisco alternative)
* IP/MPLS forum (for ATM, Frame Relay and MPLS)
* Learn Networking (CCNA for dummies)
* Networkworld Encyclopedia
* Federal Standard Encyclopedia
* Softtechinfo - collection of IT related links
Articles sorted according to CCNA 3.1
* Module 1 - Introduction to networking (98 % complete)
* Module 2 - Networking Fundamentals (98 % complete)
* Module 3 - Networking Media (67 % complete)
* Module 4 - Cable testing (50 % complete)
* Module 5 - Cabling LANs and WANs (15 % complete)
* Module 6 - Ethernet Fundamentals (15 % complete)
* Module 7 - Ethernet Technologies (15 % complete)
* Module 8 - Ethernet Switching (95 % complete)
* Module 9 - TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP addressing (98 % complete)
* Module 10 - Routing Fundamentals and Subnets (98 % complete)
* Module 11 - TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers (98 % complete)
* Structured cabling
General troubleshooting commands
Basic Detailed DNS Legacy commands iproute2
* Ping. See also Introduction to ping
* Traceroute
* Wireshark
* Ethereal
* tcpdump
* Netstat
* Rpcinfo
* Domain Information Groper (dig). See also Introduction to dig
* nslookup. See also Introduction to nslookup and nslookup is a badly flawed tool
* WHOIS. See also Introduction to WHOIS
* arp -a as a command to list current arp table
* ifconfig (ipconfig in Windows)
* route
* Very much like Cisco IOS
* Most commands look like ip link up...
Fedora Linux network utilities and settings
* system-config-network
* Iptables, filtering Firewall, system-config-firewall, service iptables start/stop/status/restart
* /etc/sysconfig/network
* /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/...
* service network start/stop/restart/status
* /etc/resolv.conf
Mobile phone technologies
* 1G
* NMT
* 2G
* GSM
* General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
* Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (Enhanced GPRS)
* 3G
* Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
* High-Speed Packet Access
* High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
* High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
* 4G
* Long Term Evolution
See also: Comparison of wireless data standards och List of mobile phone standards
* WiMax
* GPS
* Bluetooth
Other technologies
* X-standards
* X.25
* X.21
* X-line was Televerket only...
* V-standards
* Infiniband
* List of device bandwidths
* All IEEE 802 working groups
|
WIKI
|
Bycot station
Bycot was a station on the Reading Company's New Hope Branch. The line on which the station was located is now the New Hope and Ivyland Railroad. Bycot was the smallest staffed station on the New Hope Branch, with a small wooden platform and freight house.
|
WIKI
|
Federer will not be 'destroyed' if Rafa reaches 20, says Luthi
(Reuters) - Roger Federer will not be losing any sleep over whether rival Rafa Nadal can match his men’s record 20 Grand Slam singles titles, according to his long-term coach Severin Luthi. The 38-year-old Swiss began the year three ahead of second-placed Nadal’s haul but the Spaniard claimed a 12th French Open title this year followed up by winning the U.S. Open this month. It has re-energised the GOAT (greatest of all time) debate with Nadal, who has 19 slams, looking back to his best after injury concerns earlier this year. Never in his career has Nadal been only one Grand Slam title behind Federer, who squandered two match points against Novak Djokovic in this year’s Wimbledon final. “No, I don’t think he stresses (about Nadal catching him up),” Swiss Luthi, who has toured with Federer since 2007, told Reuters in an interview. “He focuses on himself. He has a lot of respect for Rafa and knows what it takes to win that many titles. “I don’t see him in any way stressed. He won’t be completely destroyed if Rafa makes the 20.” Luthi said fans of tennis should savor watching the two greats, rather than obsess about who is superior. “It’s good for the fans. Especially the ones who thought it was all over when Roger had 16 or 17 and Rafa had 14.” Luthi is captain of the Swiss Davis Cup team that has had to make do without Federer and three-times Grand Slam champion Stan Wawrinka for the past four years. They were both absent again when Switzerland lost to Slovakia in a Group I clash in Bratislava, meaning there is no chance Switzerland could play in the revamped Davis Cup Finals until 2021 at the earliest. Federer’s decision not top play Davis Cup could effect his eligibility for the Tokyo Olympics, although Luthi said no final decision had been made on whether he will play in Tokyo. “It’s possible but it’s not a goal,” Luthi said. “He will leave it open a little bit. I don’t know how it works with (Olympic) wildcards. They used to give them to the small countries, but I think if he said he wanted to play....” Federer and Nadal, whose rivalry has always been respectful, will join forces this week at the Laver Cup in Geneva when Europe take on the Rest of the World. Reporting by Martyn Herman, editing by Pritha Sarkar
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
JNR Class ED78
The Class ED78 (ED78形) was a Bo-2-Bo wheel arrangement AC electric locomotive type operated in Japan from 1968 until the 1990s. 14 locomotives were built by Hitachi between 1967 and 1980.
Operations
The locomotives were introduced to operate on the steeply-graded Ou Main Line between Fukushima and Yonezawa, which was converted from 1,500 V DC electrification to 20 kV AC in October 1968. The locomotives often worked in multiple with Class EF71 locomotives.
History
A prototype locomotive, initially classified ED94 and numbered ED94 1, was delivered in 1967, with full-production locomotives delivered from 1968 until 1980. ED94 1 was modified and renumbered ED78 901 in 1968. All 14 locomotives were built by Hitachi in Mito, Ibaraki, with modifications to convert ED94 1 to ED78 901 carried out at JNR's Koriyama factory.
Following the conversion of the Ou Main Line to standard gauge as part of the Yamagata Shinkansen in 1992, the Class ED78s were transferred to duties on the Tohoku Main Line and Senzan Line before ultimately being withdrawn.
Build history
The individual build dates of the fleet were as follows.
Preserved examples
, one member of the class is preserved: ED78 1. This locomotive was withdrawn in February 1987, and was subsequently stored at Fukushima Depot before being preserved at Fukushima Station. It was then moved to a site adjoining Rifu Station in Miyagi Prefecture, and later moved to the nearby Sendai General Shinkansen Depot. It was moved to Hitachi's Mito factory in Hitachinaka, Ibaraki in 2015 and cosmetically restored in 2016.
Classification
The ED78 classification for this locomotive type is explained below.
* E: Electric locomotive
* D: Four driving axles
* 7x: AC locomotive with maximum speed exceeding 85 km/h
|
WIKI
|
Tsaritsyno (Moscow Metro)
Tsaritsyno (Царицыно) is a Moscow Metro station in Tsaritsyno District, Southern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Zamoskvoretskaya line, between Kantemirovskaya and Orekhovo stations. The entrance is located at the intersection of Luganskaya, Kaspiyskaya and Tovarishchesckaya ('Luhansk', 'Caspian', and 'Tovarishch' streets).
Tsaritsyno opened on 30 December 1984 as part of an extension but was closed the very next day because of flooding. It reopened on 9 February 1985.
From its opening until November 1990, the station was named Lenino for the Lenino-Dachnoye region. The city renamed the station Tsaritsyno for Tsaritsyno Park, which houses a palace once owned by Catherine the Great.
The stations has been closed since 12 November 2022 due to the reconstruction works.
Design
The station was designed by architects V. Cheremin and A. Vigdorov. It has white marble pillars, walls inlaid with patterns of red, brown, grey and yellow marble and mosaics depicting the achievements of the Soviet science. A mosaic by A. Kuznetsov above the entrance stairs depicts the Moscow skyline.
|
WIKI
|
Using Digital Ocean DNS on a multiple domain droplet (cPanel)
July 3, 2013 8.1k views
I'm looking for some help on understanding how to use Digital Ocean's DNS for a droplet that has multiple domains (set-up through cPanel). Does anyone have experience in dealing with this? Am I better off with using DO's DNS or cPanel's DNS? It doesn't matter to me, just so I can get it working. I was going to set up my own DNS, but that doesn't seem entirely easy being we are restricted to one IP address per droplet. And I'm not entirely savvy with DNS technicalities, so I'm looking to learn so hopefully you guys can shed a light on my problem. Anyways, for example let's say this is my info: IP address: 1.2.3.4 Hostname: blue Domain (directory): example1.com (1.2.3.4/~example1) example2.com (1.2.3.4/~example2) example3.com (1.2.3.4/~example3) How would I go about using DO's DNS services to use the ns1.digitalocean.com and ns2.digitalocean.com at my domain registrar so that the domains would correctly point to their respective directories on the droplet?
9 Answers
In your web server on your droplet, e.g. Nginx, Apache2, etc., create a virtual host for each domain.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't cPanel already do this for me when I go to Create a New Account from WHM? Or am I misunderstanding something? I have the accounts created on the VPS, I'm just wondering how to get DNS working on the droplet so domains point to their respective address.
To further address my current situation, I have attempted to set up the DNS through WHM on the droplet and Namecheap (domain registrar). I registered the nameserver info at Namecheap to the following:
ns1.example1.com => 1.2.3.4
ns2.example1.com => 1.2.3.4
and then set the nameserver for the domain to:
ns1.example1.com
ns2.example1.com
The mitigation period was short, but that may be because I have Google DNS on my laptop. But when I visited example1.com, I was directed to the root folder of 1.2.3.4, not to the account I had set up specifically for that domain through cPanel, which should have been 1.2.3.4/~example1
So it seems like everything I did at Namecheap worked, as it is what I have done previously on my dedicated server and have the accounts directing to their respective directories appropriately. Just looking to see how it is done at DigitalOcean on the droplets.
In the meantime, I am re-imaging the droplet and re-installing cPanel to retry the initial configurations when going through the wizard on WHM to see if it helps any.
How did the cPanel re-install go?
Just out of curiosity, why are you using cPanel? Are you going to be selling hosting services? I ask as a recent newbie to Linux and VPSs; I had actually posted a similar ?, in a different thread.
If you wouldn't mind contributing, I'm sure plenty of other people would also appreciate your point-of-view: The Definitive Thread on Open Source Control Panels/ cPanel Alternatives: Part I
No real success with re-installing cPanel.
I set the nameserver for example2.com at Namecheap to:
ns1.example1.com
ns2.example1.com
And when I direct my browser to example2.com it take me to the root directory of the server IP, 1.2.3.4. Not to the directory I have set up for that domain in cPaenl, which should be 1.2.3.4/~example2.
I chose cPanel simply because I am somewhat familiar with it (was the basic CP I've used for years, and I don't mind paying a couple dollars per month for it), as it is installed on my dedicated server so I like being a little consistant should I need to use it as a dev server too. I'm not a server administrator by any means, just trying to learn the basics to get what I need completed,as I focus more on web programming.
I don't really have any desire to sell hosting, except set up some companies I've created websites for on it. But at this pace, I might have to jump off DO and set up a VPS at another host who I can get multiple IPs at, so I feel more comfortable at setting up a private DNS on.
I went to look at the Virtual Host file, and everything appeared to be there properly. So from what I can tell, cPanel creates the Virtual Host for you. So I'm not sure why the server doesn't route to the correct folder.
Case closed. Once I uploaded a file via FTP, the server appears to route the request to the correct folders for the account on the server. Which must be a quirk or something, because it was throwing me for a loop prior by not doing so when nothing was uploaded.
But everything seems to be working once a file is uploaded and the domain is requested. For anyone who may be wanting to know in the future. Thanks for your help Pablo!
How to Add my Domain from Namecheap on DigitalOcean VPS ?
When i update nameservers NS1.Digitalocean.com , NS2.DigitalOcean.com , i got error . Please help in this ..
@mrmanivasagam: What error do you get when you update your nameservers to ns1.digitalocean.com and ns2.digitalocean.com?
Have another answer? Share your knowledge.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Author:Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller
Works
* 1891 Riddles of the Sphinx
* 1895 The Metaphysics of the Time-Process in Mind, N.S., Vol. 4, pp. 36-46.
* 1900 Cassandra; or, The future of the British Empire external scan
* 1900 “On the Conception of ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ ΑΚΙΝΗΣΙΑΣ” in Mind, N.S., Vol. 9 No. 36 (Oct., 1900): pp. 457-468.
* 1902 “Axioms as Postulates” (Published in Personal Idealism)
* 1903 Humanism: Philosophical Essays (2nd. revised edition, 1912) external scan
* 1907 Studies in Humanism external scan
* 1908 “Examination v. Research” in Nature, Vol. 77, No. 1997 (1908): 322-324.
* 1908 Plato or Protagoras? external scan
* 1912 Formal Logic external scan
* 1924 Problems of Belief
* 1929 Logic for Use
Works about F.C.S. Schiller
* “F. C. S. Schiller” in Four and Twenty Minds (1922) by Giovanni Papini
* “F. C. S. Schiller” in Six Major Prophets (1917) by Edwin E. Slosson
* “Mr. F. C. S. Schiller” in The Problem of Personality (1916) by Ernest Northcroft Merrington
* “Mr. F. C. S. Schiller” in The Problem of Personality (1916) by Ernest Northcroft Merrington
|
WIKI
|
Differences And Differences Between Zinc Oxide And Basic Zinc Carbonate
- May 10, 2018-
Compared to zinc oxide: Zinc carbonate has a low zinc content and it has a common effect with zinc oxide to activate accelerators to accelerate vulcanization. However, zinc carbonate is also characterized by a better transparency than zinc oxide and no whitening phenomenon. It is generally used in the manufacture of sulfur-vulcanized translucent rubber products. Another feature of using zinc carbonate is that the hardness increases significantly. The zinc oxide can not only accelerate the vulcanization speed, but also has a certain degree of whitening and reinforcing effect. In the color adjustment, zinc oxide is commonly used to improve the color, and it can improve the anti-aging properties of vulcanizates and the thermal conductivity of the products.
Zinc oxide preparation methods are divided into three categories: the direct method (also known as the United States law), indirect method (also known as the French method) and the wet chemical method. At present, many commercially available zinc oxides are mostly direct or indirect products, and the particle size is micron, and the specific surface area is small. These properties greatly restrict their application fields and their performance in products. However, nano-scale ultrafine activated zinc oxide prepared by the wet chemical method (NPP-method) can be used as a raw material for various zinc-containing materials, zinc leaching is performed by acid leaching, and impurities in the raw materials are removed by multiple purification, and then precipitated to obtain basic Zinc carbonate is finally baked to obtain nano zinc oxide.
Active zinc oxide features:
1. It has the characteristics of good rolling property and excellent dispersion, plus its small particle size, light and loose structure, large nitrogen adsorption surface area, and high conversion rate of zinc oxide to zinc sulfide. Therefore, as a vulcanization accelerator and a good reinforcing agent for synthetic rubber, it is 50-70% of the amount of ordinary zinc oxide.
2. It is used as a stabilizer for ultraviolet light in the rubber industry and can improve the atmospheric resistance of polyethylene.
3. The zinc resin prepared by reacting with resin acid can be used to produce fast-drying ink and has a good coloring effect.
4. The prepared zinc oxide desulfurizer has the characteristics of large specific surface area, high penetration sulfur capacity, high mechanical strength, large stacking gap, and low bed pressure drop. Widely used in ammonia, methanol and hydrogen and other industrial raw materials gas, oil deep desulfurization purification process. At a certain temperature and pressure, the concentration of trace hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfur in the gas can be effectively reduced.
Basic zinc carbonate:
It is mainly used as a catalyst, desulfurizer, and also as an active agent for natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, EPDM, and rubber. It is widely used in the manufacture of transparent products.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Siebel eScript Language Reference > Siebel eScript Commands >
User-Defined Objects in Siebel eScript
Variables and functions may be grouped together in one variable and referenced as a group. A compound variable of this sort is called an object in which each individual item of the object is called a property.
In general, it is adequate to think of object properties, which are variables or constants, and of object methods, which are functions.
To refer to a property of an object, use both the name of the object and the name of the property, separated by a period. Any valid variable name may be used as a property name. For example, the code fragment that follows assigns values to the width and height properties of a rectangle object, calculates the area of a rectangle, and displays the result:
var Rectangle;
Rectangle.height = 4;
Rectangle.width = 6;
TheApplication().RaiseErrorText(Rectangle.height * Rectangle.width);
The main advantage of objects occurs with data that naturally occurs in groups. An object forms a template that can be used to work with data groups in a consistent way. Instead of having a single object called Rectangle, you can have a number of Rectangle objects, each with its own values for width and height.
See Also
Assigning Functions to Objects in Siebel eScript
Object Prototypes in Siebel eScript
Predefining Objects with Constructor Functions in Siebel eScript
Siebel eScript Language Reference
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Citations:boogalee
* 1964, The American Book Collector:
* ... and, its excitement is sustained throughout. It is a vocabulary of the dialect o the Cajuns of Louisiana, those wonderful people who tell you they are boogalee — who, expatiating on boogalee explain with a laugh they are coonass.
* 1985, Don Holm, Myrtle Holm, Wholesome country cooking, Caxton Printers Ltd (ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>024):
* Lake Pontchartrain Boogalee
* From good friends in New Orleans, Ralph and Mardell Morgan, at whose home I have enjoyed some fine Southern hospitality, I have obtained my favorite barbecued shrimp recipe — real Louisiana boogalee.
|
WIKI
|
Shorinji Kempo at the 2011 SEA Games
Shorinji Kempo was one of 44 sports and disciplines featured at the 2011 Southeast Asian Games.
|
WIKI
|
Tensorflow is not upgrading
Hello All,
I installed tensorflow-gpu on my jetson TX2 from
https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/frameworks/install-tf-jetsontx2/index.html
using
$: pip install --extra-index-url https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/redist/jp33 tensorflow-gpu
and I have tf-gpu 1.9.0
but I want tf-gpu 1.12.0
I tried (pip3 install --upgrade tensorflow-gpu) but it says requirements already up to date and already satisfied
I tried (pip3 install --upgrade tensorflow-gpu==1.12.0) it says couldn’t find a version that satisfies the requirement tensorflow-gpu==1.12.0 error: no matching distribution found for tensorflow-gpu==1.12.0
I’m on Jetson TX2, ubuntu 16.04, cuda 9, python 3.5.2
any suggestions?
Hello,
It looks like that documentation is from an old version of the installation guide. Following the updated documentation here: https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/frameworks/install-tf-jetson-platform/index.html should solve your problem. The main issue is that only specific TensorFlow and JetPack version combinations are supported, and the version of JetPack you’re on (which seems to be 3.3 based on the old documentation) doesn’t currently have a supported release of TensorFlow 1.12.
I would recommend upgrading to the latest JetPack version 4.2 using SDKManager available here: https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetpack and then you’ll have access to the latest TensorFlow.
Thanks for your post!
Matt Conley
thank you for your replay, bare with me a little bit I’m a beginner
by upgrading to the newest JetPack 4.2, this means flashing the Jetson again and removing all my data and files?
and can I download tensorflow 1.12 without upgrading by using anaconda or build it by source?
Hello,
Flashing to the new version of JetPack would mean removing the data and files local to your device, so if you have anything there you’d want to keep I would recommending backing it up to an external drive.
Unfortunately, there is not a pre-built TF 1.12 wheel compatible with JetPacks 3.3 or 4.2, so a more manual build/installation for that release is necessary. However, by upgrading to JetPack 4.2 you will be able to install and use TF 1.13.1, which is a more current version of the software.
Is there a specific reason you’d prefer to use 1.12 instead of 1.13, or are you just trying to use a more recent release than 1.9? TF 1.13 should have whatever you need, I’d be curious to know if that wasn’t the case.
Thanks,
Matt Conley
update : I had a code that only works with tf 1.12 but jetpack 3.2 has tf 1.9 thats why i wanted to upgrade to tf 1.12 but know i have found the same code in archive that works with tf 1.9 so all good.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
-- UMC Net Income Beats Estimates, Forecasts Second-Half Slowdown
United Microelectronics Corp. (2303) , the
world’s second-largest contract maker of chips, posted profit
that beat estimates while forecasting slower growth amid
continued global economic weakness. Second-quarter net income dropped 6.3 percent to NT$2.99
billion ($99 million), from NT$3.19 billion a year earlier, the
Hsinchu, Taiwan-based company said in a statement today. The
average of 16 analyst estimates compiled by Bloomberg was for
profit of NT$2.63 billion. United Microelectronics, which has about one-fifth the
revenue of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (2330) , faces lower
profitability by being about one year behind its larger rival in
technology development. The introduction of more-advanced 28-
nanometer production and new devices to be released by the end
of the year may help the company offset a weaker economy. “We started to see some deterioration in summer and the
second half shall be weaker,” Chief Executive Officer Sun Shih- wei said at an investors’ conference today. “The global macro-
economy is very difficult to predict, the EU sovereign debt
issue continues, the emerging countries are slowing down and the
U.S. is mixed.” Unconsolidated sales dropped 1.9 percent to NT$27.6
billion. The company’s shares fell 2 percent to NT$12.10 at the
close of trade in Taipei before the earnings announcement, and
have declined 4.7 percent this year. Price Increases Shipments and prices this quarter will both rise
“marginally” from the prior three-month period, driven by the
computer and consumer electronics segments, UMC said in a
statement today. Factory usage will be about the same as the 84
percent it posted in the second-quarter, it said. Third-quarter revenue is expected to be NT$29.7 billion
according to the average of 19 analyst estimates compiled by
Bloomberg. That’s growth of 7.7 percent from the prior quarter,
according to Bloomberg calculations. TSMC, the world’s largest custom chipmaker with more than
50 percent market share, on July 19 forecast record sales this
quarter that exceeded analysts’ estimates while predicting
revenue will drop in the fourth and first quarters because of a
weak global economy and rising inventories. Qualcomm, which turns to TSMC as its major manufacturing
partner, can’t get enough chips from the Taiwanese company and
is working with new suppliers to boost output, it said last
week. UMC’s gross margin, a key measure of profitability that
tracks sales less the cost of goods sold, was 24.4 percent on a
parent-level basis in the second quarter, wider than the 22.6
percent average of 15 analyst estimates compiled by Bloomberg.
That figure will be in the “mid-20 percent range” this
quarter, UMC said, with the analysts expecting it to be 24.1
percent. UMC maintained its 2012 capital expenditure plan of $2
billion, less than a quarter of the $8 billion to $8.5 billion
TSMC said it will spend. To contact the reporter on this story:
Tim Culpan in Taipei at
tculpan1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Michael Tighe at
mtighe4@bloomberg.net
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Why These Aluminum ETFs & Stocks Jumped on Monday
Sanction tensions are back in Russia. The country suffered a lot in 2014 when the Obama government punished it following its Crimea (erstwhile Ukrainian territory) annexation. And now, the Trump government does not like Russia's backing of the Syrian government (read: Russia ETFs Crash: What Went Wrong in 2014? ).
Russia has been condemned internationally over the weekend for supporting the Syrian government which is allegedly responsible for a chemical weapons attack. The U.S. President cautioned that a "big price" is to be paid by the Syrian regime and its Russian and Iranian allies if allegations about the chemical attack were confirmed.
The United States has already imposed its harshest sanctions to date against Russian oligarchs, officials , businesses and agencies. The sanctions forbid U.S. citizens or entities from doing business with the sanctioned Russian entities. Russian stocks staged the biggest decline since the Crimea standoff in 2014, causing VanEck Vectors Russia ETFRSX to lose about 10.5% on Apr 9. However, one segment that benefited from Russia sanctions is aluminum.
Inside the Surge in Aluminum
Benchmark aluminum on the London Metal Exchange logged its highest level in more than a month as sanctions targeted Russian aluminum company Rusal Plc. The sanctions freeze all of Rusal's assets that are under U.S. jurisdiction and levied sanctions against oligarch Oleg Deripaska, a billionaire who ran Rusal, as per CNBC. The company makes up about 7% of the global aluminum production. Needless to say, this raised the concerns about tightening global supplies.
Content director of Metals Pricing and Market Engagement at S&P Global Platts commented that this sanction will push up the price of U.S. aluminum as President Trump has already announced an import tariff of 10% of aluminum. Later, tariff exemptions were given to EU plus six other nations but restrictions on China was reiterated.
"Russia was [the] second-largest import source behind China for the unwrought aluminum category, which is a " major category ," as per S&P Global Platts, quoted on MarketWatch (read: Trade Tensions or Not, Stay Safe with These ETFs ).
Investors should note that Aluminum prices gained a lot last year thanks to China's efforts of lowering illegal or polluting capacity. " Forced closures of unapproved plants to curb overcapacity and heavy cuts in production over the winter months to ease choking pollution," led to a surge in Aluminum prices, as per a source.
ETFs & Stocks to Benefit
iPath Bloomberg Aluminum SubTR ETNJJU - Up 4.7% on Apr 9
The underlying Bloomberg Aluminum Subindex Total Return reflects the returns that are potentially available through an unleveraged investment in the futures contracts on aluminum. It charges 75 bps in fees. The product was up 8.7% in the last one year (as of Apr 9, 2018) (read: Why These Commodity ETFs Are on a Tear ).
iPath Pure Beta Aluminum ETN FOIL - Up 0.69% on Apr 9
The underlying Barclays Aluminum Pure Beta TR Index reflects the returns that are potentially available through an unleveraged investment in the futures contracts in the Aluminum markets. The product charges 75 bps in fees.
Alcoa Corp. AA - Up 5.2% on Apr 9
The Zacks Rank #3 (Hold) company is a global industry leader in bauxite, alumina and aluminum products.
Century Aluminum CompanyCENX - Up 12.0% on Apr 9
The Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) company is a primary aluminum producer.
Want key ETF info delivered straight to your inbox?
Zacks' free Fund Newsletter will brief you on top news and analysis, as well as top-performing ETFs, each week. Get it free >>
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
IPATH-PB ALUMNM (FOIL): ETF Research Reports
VANECK-RUSSIA (RSX): ETF Research Reports
Alcoa Corp. (AA): Free Stock Analysis Report
Century Aluminum Company (CENX): Free Stock Analysis Report
IPATH-BB ALMN (JJU): ETF Research Reports
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
User:Dawn richard1
Dawn Richard is an editor who loves to share his views and thoughts with others.
|
WIKI
|
XF 1.3 $contentTemplate conditional?
Floren
Well-known member
#1
Hi,
I changed how the title displays in PAGE_CONTAINER with this conditional:
Code:
<title><xen:if is="{$title}">
{xen:raw $title} | {$xenOptions.boardTitle}
<xen:else />
<xen:if is="{$contentTemplate} == 'forum_list'">
{$xenOptions.boardTitle} {xen:phrase forums}
<xen:elseif is="{$contentTemplate} == 'resource_index'" />
{$xenOptions.boardTitle} {xen:phrase resources}
<xen:else />
{$xenOptions.boardTitle}
</xen:if>
</xen:if></title>
For some reason, is not working. Can you please let me know what is the proper format?
Chris D
XenForo developer
Staff member
#2
The problem is, the first condition will always be true. {$title} is usually available on every page. I'm guessing the title is always:
Code:
{xen:raw $title} | {$xenOptions.boardTitle}
?
You probably need to change the entire conditional to:
HTML:
<title>
<xen:if is="{$contentTemplate} == 'forum_list'">
{$xenOptions.boardTitle} {xen:phrase forums}
<xen:elseif is="{$contentTemplate} == 'resource_index'" />
{$xenOptions.boardTitle} {xen:phrase resources}
<xen:elseif is="{$title}" />
{xen:raw $title} | {$xenOptions.boardTitle}
<xen:else />
{$xenOptions.boardTitle}
</xen:if>
</title>
Floren
Well-known member
#3
The problem is, the first condition will always be true. {$title} is usually available on every page. I'm guessing the title is always:
Code:
{xen:raw $title} | {$xenOptions.boardTitle}
?[/html]
Ya it does, sorry I was not paying attention.
However, on live site (1.3.0) the title is displayed properly with the above mentioned conditional?
https://www.axivo.com/
On my vanilla test forum running on 1.3.1 it does not.
Last edited:
Chris D
XenForo developer
Staff member
#4
That's pretty much impossible unless you have changed something else.
{$title} comes from the value set in the <xen:title /> tags you see in pretty much every template. That's what I mean by that condition will always be true because pretty much every single template includes <xen:title> and that's what feeds the {$title} conditional in the template.
Floren
Well-known member
#5
Ya, I understand your logic. :)
I'll change it as you suggested, thanks Chris. Honestly I don't remember editing anything related to code and on templates nothing is changed.
dethfire
Well-known member
#6
hmmm for me <xen:if is="{$contentTemplate} == 'forum_list'"> does not seem to work in page_container. I'm trying to add something to titles and h1 when viewing a forum_list page but it's not working.
For example
<title><xen:if is="{$title}">{xen:raw $title} <xen:if is="{$contentTemplate} == 'forum_list'">Forum</xen:if>| Physics Forums<xen:else />{$xenOptions.boardTitle}</xen:if></title>
Last edited:
Top
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
User:Kmlokesh/sandbox
' I have browsed the wikipedia and searched the requied information and herey by submitting my web report
Yours faithfully, Lokesh k m lecturer in chemistry Govt ind pu college,LL044 Channarayapatna-573116 Hassan dist.
|
WIKI
|
Fuzzy Logic for Non-smooth Dynamical Systems
Fuzzy Logic for Non-smooth Dynamical Systems
Kamyar Mehran (Newcastle University, UK), Bashar Zahawi (Newcastle University, UK) and Damian Giaouris (Newcastle University, UK)
Copyright: © 2011 |Pages: 22
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61692-797-4.ch008
OnDemand PDF Download:
$30.00
List Price: $37.50
Abstract
Dynamical system theory has proved to be a powerful tool in the analysis and comprehension of a diverse range of problems. Over the past decade, a significant proportion of these systems have been found to contain terms that are non-smooth functions of their arguments. These problems arise in a number of practical systems ranging from electrical circuits to biological systems and even financial markets. It has also been demonstrated that Fuzzy engineering can be effectively employed to identify or even predict an array of uncertainties and chaotic phenomena caused by discontinuities typical of this class of system. This chapter presents a review of the most recent developments concerned with the confluence of these two fields through real-life examples and current advances in research.
Chapter Preview
Top
1 Introduction
Bridging the two seemingly unrelated concepts, fuzzy logic and nonlinear piecewise-smooth dynamical systems theory is chiefly motivated by the concept of soft computing (SC), initiated by Lotfi A. Zadeh, the founder of fuzzy set theory. The principal components of SC, as defined in his initiative for soft computing1, are fuzzy logic (FL), neural network theory (NN) and probabilistic reasoning (PR), with the latter subsuming parts of belief networks, genetic algorithms, chaos theory and learning theory. SC is essentially distant from traditional, immutable (hard) computing and is much more aligned to the main ideas of Kansei Engineering in that the imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth reflecting the working of the human mind are incorporated into the computing process to form a new paradigm to tackle highly complex, nonlinear systems. The aim of this chapter is to combine FL from general Soft Computing theory and piece-wise smooth dynamical systems from the general theory of nonlinear dynamical systems. The main target being to examine their relationship and interaction and to demonstrate that the blending of the two concepts can be effectively used to analyse and control the chaotic and other nonlinear behaviours typical of such systems.
Over the past few decades, there has been a substantial level of interest in fuzzy systems technology and dynamical systems theory shown by almost all hard and soft-science research communities such as theoretical and experimental physicists, applied mathematicians, meteorologists, climatologists, physiologists, psychologists and engineers. More specifically, fuzzy system technology has emerged as an effective methodology to solve many problems ranging from control engineering, robotics, and automation to system identification, medical image/signal processing and Kansei engineering. Meanwhile, dynamical systems theory has proved to be a powerful tool to analyze and understand the behaviour of a diverse range of real life problems. The vast majority of these problems can only be modelled with dynamical systems whose behaviour is characterized by instantaneous changes and discontinuities. These practically ubiquitous dynamical systems are usually referred to as piece-wise smooth or non-smooth dynamical systems. Examples include mechanical systems with friction, robotic systems, electric and electronic systems employing electronic switching devices, unmanned vehicle systems, biological and biomedical systems, climate modelling and even financial forecasting. The study of these systems is of a great importance, primarily because they have captivating dynamics with significant practical applications and show rich nonlinear phenomena such as quasi-periodicity and chaos.
Unfortunately, many of the mathematical tools developed for smooth dynamical systems have to-date proven inadequate when dealing with the discontinuities present in non-smooth systems. Furthermore, certain specific approaches are not well-established and are still in their early stages of development. Not surprisingly, fuzzy system technology, in the context of highly complex nonlinear systems, can be critically intuitive and useful. This belief arises from the fact that fuzzy logic resembles human reasoning in its use of approximate information so it can embody the uncertainty which is the essential part of the mainly event-driven, non-smooth system and its chaotic dynamics. That’s why it is possible to believe that FL can lead to a general theory of uncertainty2.
The chapter does not intend – in fact, is not able – to provide a thorough explanation of the intrinsic relationship between fuzzy logic and dynamical system theory, but attempts to give some heuristic research results and insightful ideas, shedding some light on the subject and attracting more attention to the topic.
The chapter is organised in the following way: it commences with an outline of the fundamental concepts of nonlinear dynamical systems theory, and specifically non-smooth dynamical systems, with examples showing the richness and uniqueness of their nonlinear behaviours. The inherent difficulties in modelling these dynamical systems will be highlighted. This is followed by an examination of how the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modelling concept could be extended to overcome these problems. The fuzzy approach is further extended and applied to the stability analysis (in the Lyapunov framework) to predict the onset of structural instability or so-called bifurcations in the evolution of the dynamical system. The chapter ends with an evaluation of the proposed approach in nonlinear system modelling and analysis in general and further discussion about potential forthcoming research.
Complete Chapter List
Search this Book:
Reset
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Title
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Phytochemical Profiling of the In Vitro Antidiabetic Potential of Vitex negundo L.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2016
Abstract
Vitex negundo has been known since ancient times as a medicinal plant. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of methanol and ethanol extracts, and ethyl acetate, chloroform and aqueous fractions of Vitex negundo using an in vitro model to test glucose diffusion and to determine the phytochemical profile of the extracts and fractions using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The chloroform fractions, ethyl acetate-EtOH and ethyl acetate-MeOH gave the highest inhibitory effect on both the diffusion activities in vitro. Retardation of glucose diffusion suggests that negundo has the potential to lower postprandial glucose. Correlation analysis of the 13C NMR profile with retardation activity suggests that compounds containing glycosidic residues may be responsible for the glucose retardation activity. This is the first example where activity has been correlated with specific structural features of compounds from a crude extract using 13C NMR chemical shifts to assist in the identification of active compounds.
Share
COinS
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
User:Domanate
Nate Lake is the man! hands down!
From Local celebrity to fashionably married, Nate Lake hit's home with this new awesome wiki page!
|
WIKI
|
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 52.djvu/1436
PRIVATE LAWS-CHS. 658, 659-JUNE 25, 1938 [CHAPTER 658] June 25, 1938 [S. 3957] [Private, No. 717] James Thow, Charles Thow, and David Thow. Payments to. Proviso. Limitation on attor- ney's, etc., fees. Penalty for viola- tion. [52 STAT. AN ACT For the relief of James Thow, Charles Thow, and David Thow. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to James Thow the sum of $1,583, to Charles Thow the sum of $178, and to David Thow the sum of $56, in full satisfaction of their claims against the United States for damages resulting from property dam- age, personal injuries, and medical expenses sustained by them, as a result of the automobile in which they were riding having been struck by a United States Army truck on Route 14 near Barre, Ver- mont, on September 2, 1936: Provided, That no part of the amount appropriated in this Act in excess of 10 per centum thereof shall be paid or delivered to or received by any agent or agents, attorney or attorneys on account of services rendered in connection with said claim. It shall be unlawful for any agent or agents, attorney or attorneys, to exact, collect, withhold, or receive any sum of the amount appropriated in this Act in excess of 10 per centum thereof on account of services rendered in connection with such claim, any contract to the contrary notwithstanding. Any person violating the provisions of this Act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon con- viction thereof shall be fined in any sum not exceeding $1,000. Approved, June 25, 1938. [CHAPTER 659] AN ACT For the relief of Ida May Swartz. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Swartz. United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secre- tary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to pay, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to Ida May Swartz, of Elko, Nevada, the sum of $40.45, in full satisfaction of her claim against the United States for services rendered as United States commissioner in the district of Nevada, for the quarter begin- ning September 1, 1937, and ending November 30, 1937, for which services she has received no compensation. aination SEg 2. For the purpose of determining the amount of compensa- tion to which said Ida May Swartz is entitled for any services ren- dered by her as United States commissioner in the district of Nevada during the quarter beginning December 1, 1937, and ending Febru- ary 28, 1938, said Ida May Swartz shall be deemed to have been reappointed as United States commissioner in the district of Nevada effective September 8, 1937. nn attor- SEC. 3. No part of any sum paid to said Ida May Swartz by reason of the enactment of this Act in excess of 10 per centum therof 1 shall be paid or delivered to or received by any agent or attorney on account of services rendered in connection with the claim of said Ida May Swartz for compensation for services rendered by her as for viola- United States commissioner in the district of Nevada. Any person violating any provision of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined m any sum not exceeding $1,000. Approved, June 25, 1938. ' So n original. 1396 June 25, 1938 IS. 4005] [Private, No. 718] Ida May Payment Detern of amount. Limitatic ney's, etc., I Penalty tion.
�
|
WIKI
|
Talk:List of non-aligned Scouting organizations
Sections of article
I tried to separate the organizations into categories according to which ones are closely, loosely, or not associated with the Scout Movement. Some may not be in the best category so please look it over and make changes as necessary. --Jagz 00:25, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
Woodcraft
I think the organization Woodcraft is no longer active (and the organization The Woodcraft Folk is active). --Jagz 09:50, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
* There was never an organization called Woodcraft; it's an movement and it's still active in many countries and different organizations (eg Woodcraft League of the Czech Republic; Woodcraft League of the Slovak Republic; Forest School Camps; Germany, Poland, Chile). Most of it's organizations are small and do not maintain websites. --jergen
* The Woodcraft article starts out, "Woodcraft was a recreational/educational program", past tense, implying it no longer exists. --Jagz 15:05, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
* Woodcraft is a terribly poor article; most relevant content is in Woodcraft Indians; it is tagged for merge since last November. --jergen 15:10, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
Confused
I am confused here: --—— Gadget850 (Ed) talk - 12:47, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
* What does "non-aligned" mean? Does it mean national Scout organizations that are not members of WOSM or WAGGS, even though they may be a member of another association such as WFIS? Where did the term "non-aligned" come from? A search for "non-aligned Scouting" returns hits only for Wikipedia an mirrors.
* Per the project scope, organizations such as the Pioneers are not considered to be Scouting or Scout-like.
* The term "non-aligned" was created by User:Wimvandorst for Non-aligned Scouting and Scout-like organisations.
* In Germany, the distinction between "anerkannten" (recognised) and "nicht anerkannten" (non-recognised) Scouting organizations refers only to the recognition by WAGGGS and WOSM. There are about 20 more German Scouting organizations within WFIS, UISGE, CES etc, but you would refer to them as "nicht anerkannt" (non recognised); even if this is considered impolite.--jergen (talk) 13:22, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
* I vaguely recall some conversation on that during my years in Germany. To me, non-aligned would mean they are not part of an international association such as WOSM, WGSS, WFIS, CES or the like. Some of the NSOs listed here are working towards WOSM or WAGGS recognition and are listed in those member articles. --—— Gadget850 (Ed) talk - 13:49, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
* I always thougt that "non-aligned" referred to those organizations outside the mainstream Scouting/Guiding style defined by WOSM and WAGGGS membership. Scouting outside WOSM and WAGGGS has less than one million members compared to 38 million in the two major organizations.
* It is difficult to categorize organizations working towards membership. WOSM names 29 countries as potential members - but it is not clear, if the national organizations real work towards membership, it's more like saying: "Scouting exists". The status of "working towards WAGGGS membership" has a far better definition and is close to WAGGGS membership - but not all organizations reach membership. --jergen (talk) 15:59, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
PS: The term "non-aligned" was not inventend by Wikipedians; it comes from this website. --jergen (talk) 16:03, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
notability?
What defines "notability" for inclusion in that section of this article? Why not have a single list? ⇔ ChristTrekker 20:55, 7 March 2014 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
DNM2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Dynamin 2
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
Symbols DNM2 ; CMT2M; CMTDI1; CMTDIB; DI-CMTB; DYN2; DYNII; LCCS5
External IDs OMIM602378 MGI109547 HomoloGene90883 ChEMBL: 5812 GeneCards: DNM2 Gene
EC number 3.6.5.5
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 1785 13430
Ensembl ENSG00000079805 ENSMUSG00000033335
UniProt P50570 P39054
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001005360 NM_001039520
RefSeq (protein) NP_001005360 NP_001034609
Location (UCSC) Chr 19:
10.72 – 10.83 Mb
Chr 9:
21.42 – 21.51 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
Dynamin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNM2 gene.[1][2]
Function[edit]
Dynamins represent one of the subfamilies of GTP-binding proteins. These proteins share considerable sequence similarity over the N-terminal portion of the molecule, which contains the GTPase domain. Dynamins are associated with microtubules. They have been implicated in cell processes such as endocytosis and cell motility, and in alterations of the membrane that accompany certain activities such as bone resorption by osteoclasts. Dynamins bind many proteins that bind actin and other cytoskeletal proteins. Dynamins can also self-assemble, a process that stimulates GTPase activity. Four alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different proteins have been described. Additional alternatively spliced transcripts may exist, but their full-length nature has not been determined.[3]
Interactions[edit]
DNM2 has been shown to interact with:
Clinical relevance[edit]
Mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia,[6] or congenital myopathy (centronuclear type).[7]
References[edit]
1. ^ Diatloff-Zito C, Gordon AJ, Duchaud E, Merlin G (Nov 1995). "Isolation of an ubiquitously expressed cDNA encoding human dynamin II, a member of the large GTP-binding protein family". Gene 163 (2): 301–6. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00275-B. PMID 7590285.
2. ^ Klocke R, Augustin A, Ronsiek M, Stief A, van der Putten H, Jockusch H (Jul 1997). "Dynamin genes Dnm1 and Dnm2 are located on proximal mouse chromosomes 2 and 9, respectively". Genomics 41 (2): 290–2. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4634. PMID 9143510.
3. ^ "Entrez Gene: DNM2 dynamin 2".
4. ^ a b Okamoto PM, Gamby C, Wells D, Fallon J, Vallee RB (Dec 2001). "Dynamin isoform-specific interaction with the shank/ProSAP scaffolding proteins of the postsynaptic density and actin cytoskeleton". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (51): 48458–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104927200. PMC 2715172. PMID 11583995.
5. ^ Lundmark R, Carlsson SR (Nov 2003). "Sorting nexin 9 participates in clathrin-mediated endocytosis through interactions with the core components". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (47): 46772–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307334200. PMID 12952949.
6. ^ Zhang J, Ding L, Holmfeldt L, Wu G, Heatley SL, Payne-Turner D, Easton J, Chen X, Wang J, Rusch M, Lu C, Chen SC, Wei L, Collins-Underwood JR, Ma J, Roberts KG, Pounds SB, Ulyanov A, Becksfort J, Gupta P, Huether R, Kriwacki RW, Parker M, McGoldrick DJ, Zhao D, Alford D, Espy S, Bobba KC, Song G, Pei D, Cheng C, Roberts S, Barbato MI, Campana D, Coustan-Smith E, Shurtleff SA, Raimondi SC, Kleppe M, Cools J, Shimano KA, Hermiston ML, Doulatov S, Eppert K, Laurenti E, Notta F, Dick JE, Basso G, Hunger SP, Loh ML, Devidas M, Wood B, Winter S, Dunsmore KP, Fulton RS, Fulton LL, Hong X, Harris CC, Dooling DJ, Ochoa K, Johnson KJ, Obenauer JC, Evans WE, Pui CH, Naeve CW, Ley TJ, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Downing JR, Mullighan CG (2012). "The genetic basis of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia". Nature 481 (7380): 157–63. doi:10.1038/nature10725. PMC 3267575. PMID 22237106.
7. ^ Jungbluth,, H. "Pathogenic mechanisms in centronuclear myopathies.". Front Aging Neurosci. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00339. PMID 25566070.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Entertainment/2012 June 14
= June 14 =
Musical plagiarism?
This piece (http://musescore.com/marcsabatella/reunion) sounds familiar to me. Is it a plagiarized, renotated, and recopyrighted piece? I guess that this is composed by Beethoven, Mozart, Bach, or another famous classical piano composer. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:18, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
* It sounds nothing like any of those guys to me. It has a half-memory of "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", but I think it works just fine on its own terms. It's one of those pieces that looks sort of ho-hum on the page but is surprisingly effective when you play it. No wonder it's got so many positive comments. -- ♬ Jack of Oz ♬ [your turn] 22:42, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
Santa's Imprisoned elf
There was a cartoon movie that had an elf trapped in some cabin with a loose screen door that sad something like door of certain doom. The elf couldn't leave because he was told if he goes though the door (which is barely hanging on) he will surely die. But it is only his belief and fear that keeps him in the cabin/workshop. I cannot think of the name of this movie. Please help. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:52, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
Batman Arkham Asylum
Hi guys, I read that there are two more different types of the Batman Arkham Asylum video game. There is the Game of the Year Edition on the one hand what contains 4 extra challenge levels and there is the Collector's Edition of this game what is a box with a batarang in it and two booklets and this also contains a larger number of challenge levels compared to the original version of this game. Which one of them is better? The Game of the Year Edition or the Collector's Edition? Please help. Master Katarn (talk) 17:24, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
* It depends entirely on whether you want the bonus challenge levels and Batarang. There is a price difference, so it depends on whether you personally feel if that is a major factor. It is otherwise exactly the same game. Mingmingla (talk) 01:54, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
* Does the Game of the Year Edition contain more bonus challenge levels or the Collector's edition? Please help! Master Katarn (talk) 09:07, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
* Erm, hello???? M0RG@N (talk) 15:35, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
* I think this might answer the user's question ... the Collector's Edition was released at the same time as the original game, while the Game of the Year edition was launched later, presumably to capture new users who didn't buy the game at launch. So if I were to take a guess, I would think the Game of the Year edition would have more bonus levels, since they were probably written after the game was first published. Again, it depends on what you want more: the physical collectibles in the Collector's Edition, or the extra gameplay in the GOTY edition. -- McDoob AU 93 15:41, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
* I believe the GOTY has all the extra levels, and from what I hear the batarang is a piece of vacuum-formed plastic crap. Doesn't really matter which you get TBH, the actual game is the most important part (and the best)-- Jac 16888 Talk 15:44, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
Who's going to take care of poor Jenny?
I tried searching for the song lyrics "Will you take care of Jenny?" I didn't find anything, though it sounds like it was recorded in the 1950s or 1960s. But there are plenty of "oldies" that have lyrics online. There's a female vocalist and it sounds like she's dying or leaving Jenny permanently but obviously cares a lot about her, because whoever she is singing to needs to take her to school and play with her. I have yet to hear a DJ identify the song.— Vchimpanzee · talk · contributions · 19:57, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
* Are you sure you have the exact quotation? Because it immediately reminded me of the Kurt Weill/Ira Gershwin song "The Saga of Jenny" from Lady in the Dark, which has the line:
* Poor Jenny! Bright as a penny! Her equal would be hard to find. She lost one dad and mother, A Sister and a brother, But she would make up her mind.
* But nothing about school or playing. -- ♬ Jack of Oz ♬ [your turn] 21:33, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
* Scrub that. Go with Karenjc. -- ♬ Jack of Oz ♬ [your turn] 12:57, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
* It appears to be a song called With Pen in Hand, which is attributed to various artists online including Bobby Goldsboro, Vikki Carr and Dottie West. The lyrics I've found online occasionally substitute "Suzie" for "Jenny" but includes the lines "Can you take good care of Jenny / Can you take her to school every day / Can you teach her how to play / All the games that little girls play". The other lyrics make it clear that the singer is about to leave his/her spouse forever, presumably the "pen" is being used to sign the divorce papers or similar, and they are concerned that the child will be cared for properly. Ka renjc 22:07, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
* Karenjc has the right answer. I must have done something wrong when I searched earlier, because I tried again and this was the second result.— Vchimpanzee · talk · contributions · 15:28, 15 June 2012 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
User:Geriththanan
Geriththanan Naguleswaran (Tamil ; born 12 April 1996) is an srilankan active Blogger.
Career
Geriththanan began his career as a blogger in 2012 and have started various blogs until now.
|
WIKI
|
Public Force of Costa Rica
The Public Force of Costa Rica (Fuerza Pública de Costa Rica) is the national law enforcement agency of Costa Rica, whose duties include internal security and border control.
History
On 1 December 1948, the President of Costa Rica, José Figueres Ferrer, abolished the Costa Rican military after winning the Costa Rican Civil War. In a ceremony at the national capital of San José, Figueres symbolically broke a wall with a mallet, symbolizing an end to the military's existence. In 1949, the abolition of the Costa Rican military was introduced in Article 12 of the Constitution of Costa Rica. The budget previously dedicated to the military is now dedicated to security, education and culture. Costa Rica maintains Police Guard forces. The museum Museo Nacional de Costa Rica was placed in the Cuartel Bellavista as a symbol of commitment to culture. In 1986, President Oscar Arias Sánchez declared December 1 as the Día de la Abolición del Ejército (Military abolition day) with Law #8115. Unlike its neighbors, Costa Rica has not endured a civil war since 1948. Costa Rica maintains small forces capable of law enforcement, but has no permanent standing army.
Public Force of the Ministry of Public Security (1996)
In 1996, the Ministry of Public Security established the Fuerza Pública or Public Force, a gendarmerie which reorganised and eliminated the Civil Guard, Rural Assistance Guard, and Frontier Guards as separate entities. They are now under the Ministry and operate on a geographic command basis performing ground security, law enforcement, counter-narcotics, border patrol, and tourism security functions. The Costa Rica Coast Guard also operates directly under the Ministry but is not a part of the Public Force proper.
Outside the Fuerza Pública, there is a small Special Forces Unit, the Unidad Especial de Intervencion (UEI) or Special Intervention Unit, an elite commando force which trains with special forces from around the world, but is not part of the main police forces. Instead, it is part of the Intelligence and Security Directorate (DIS) which reports directly to the Minister of the Presidency. About 70-member strong, it is organized along military lines, although officially it is a civilian police unit.
The motto of the Public Force is "God, Fatherland, and Honour." Commissioner of Police Juan José Andrade Morales serves as its current Commissioner General.
Ranks
* Comisario de Policía/ Director general de la Fuerza Pública
* Comisionado de Policía
* Comandante de Policía
* Capitán de Policía
* Intendente
* Sub Intendente
* Sargento de Policía
* Inspector
* Agente 2
* Agente 1
|
WIKI
|
All You Should Know About Cables And Assemblies
All-You-Should-Know-About-Cables-And-Assemblies
All You Should Know About Cables And Assemblies
Cables are an integral part of all circuitry and appliances that we use today. These cables can be used individually in a small simple device, or as a cable assembly comprising of multiple cables grouped together to work in complex equipment. A cable is a rod or coil of wires with many times the diameter required for the finished product. This rod or coil is drawn through a series of dies that reduce the diameter by a set percentage with each die, to bring to a size that is required. However, with the diameter decreasing, the length increases, thus keeping the volume of the wire just the same.
Wires come in solid or stranded designs that are generally circular in cross-section, with other available options being square, rectangular, and hexagonal. A solid wire is easy to manufacture, but has a smaller cross-section and lesser flexibility than a stranded wire. Stranded wires are made up of multiple small wires bundled together to form a large conductor. This gives them greater surface area and makes them more flexible, thus making them a better conductor as compared to a solid wire. More the number of wires, more flexible and break-resistant the cable. The lowest number of wires used to produce such cables is generally 7 with one in the middle, and 6 surrounding that one.
There are many different types of strands that can be employed when manufacturing a stranded conductor. You can get all kinds of cables and cable assemblies at Miracle Aerospace, the leading cable assembly manufacturers in India, who is engaged in various Make In India projects like fighter jets, helicopters, cockpits, missile launchers, light transport vehicles, and more.
• Concentric strand – This consists of a central wire surrounded by one or more layers of helically laid wires. Each layer has six more wires than the previous layer; and each layer is applied in a direction opposite to the layer under it.
• Bunch strand – This consists of a collection of strands twisted together in the same direction without regard to the geometric arrangement.
• Rope strand – This consists of a collection of concentric stranded groups that are twisted together.
• Compact strand – This consists of layers stranded in the same direction and rolled to a predetermined ideal shape. The final product is a conductor smaller in diameter, smoother on the surface, and containing no interstices or air spaces.
When these cables are combined together, they form cable conductors that are supplied as both bare conductors with no coating, and with coatings. The most common materials used for coating include silver, tin, and nickel.
• Silver coating is used in high temperature environments and in high frequency applications.
• Tin coating is the most common coating used to improve corrosion resistance and solderability, and reduce friction between strands.
• Nickel coating is used in applications where temperature is over 200°C; however, along with higher electrical resistance, nickel exhibits poor solderability.
However, different environments call for specialized compounds that can withstand high temperature applications, and allow high current carrying ability. In addition, conductors are also insulated with polymer or plastic to provide isolation from other conductors and the environment to prevent short circuits.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Draft:BiglyBT
BiglyBT is a BitTorrent client written in Java forked from Vuze. It is free and open-source software and features no ads.
Features
BiglyBT has most of the features of Vuze, its predecessor. However, it lacks Vuze's premium and proprietary features and features the developers considered bloat, including DVD burning, gaming promotions, the video-sharing content network, and the installer's advertisements. BiglyBT's features include swarm merging, downloading the same file from different torrents; limit download/upload speeds by tag, peer-set (e.g. country), network (public or I2P), and individual peer; support for the I2P network; remote control with any Android app that supports Transmission's RPC protocol; compatibility with WebTorrent;. Many of these features are included via bundled plugins.
History
While development of Vuze ground to a halt in early 2017, with no new releases or commits being made since April, featured content becoming inaccessible, and users reporting outdated antivirus definitions. The two main developers left the project and focused their efforts on a fork called BiglyBT, which removed Vuze’s premium and proprietary features such as DVD burning, gaming promotions, the video-sharing content network, and the installer's advertisements.
In April 2020, TorrentFreak named BiglyBT the tenth popular BitTorrent client with 0.3% of the market share.
In September 2020, BiglyBT was the first BitTorrent client to implement support version 2 of the BitTorrent protocol, which features improved checksums, including per-file hashes that allows one to download the same file from different torrents. libtorrent, a library used by popular clients such as qBittorrent and µTorrent Web but not BiglyBT, added it a few weeks prior, but clients that use the library had yet to implement the functionality as of BiglyBT's update.
|
WIKI
|
Help using Base SAS procedures
SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
Reply
Regular Contributor
Posts: 207
SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
Hello,
I am very new to SAS and just go through the SQL training and did not quite get the difference between tables or views created through SAS SQL "Create TABLE" and data sets/files created in the data step that holds actual data, or a SAS data view, a data set that references data that is stored elsewhere.
Which ones would you use when (situation)...?
Thanks for clarification
Valued Guide
Posts: 2,108
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
CREATE TABLE creates the same SAS dataset that a DATA step might. Ditto the views.
Which to use is often a function of other parts of your computing environment and whether your data are dynamic or static. Views take longer to process, but use less disk space. A view is updated whenever the underlying table is updated, so you don't have to re-run some program.
Regular Contributor
Posts: 207
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
I see. Thanks for explaining. In SAS SQL the "CREATE TABLE" does create a dataset.
I assume that the dataset creation is helpful when using MS excel as a source or text files, while CREATE TABLE can be used to replicate data as a SAS dataset that can be retrieved from relational data sources.
why would one replicate data as a SAS dataset when it is already in relationsl data sources?
Respected Advisor
Posts: 3,764
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
"why would one replicate data as a SAS dataset when it is already in relationsl data sources?"
It's most often about data aggregation or denormalisation and not simple replication. Whether to store such aggregated data/a data mart as a table or not depends most of the time whether it is used more than once (storage requirements vs. performance).
About views: Think of a SQL view as nothing else than hidden SQL code which gets executed whenever you access the view (the same is also true for a SAS data step view).
I.e:
proc sql;
describe view sashelp.vstable;
quit;
will show you the SQL code executed when you access the view sashelp.vstable
data view=....
describe;
run;
shows you the data step view.
When the SQL query takes a long time and the same data is accessed more than once then it might be better to create a intermediary table instead of a view (because whenever you access the view the query has to be executed).
HTH
Patrick
Regular Contributor
Posts: 207
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
Thanks a lot to both of you for the explanation.
I do have a strong Hyperion OLAP background and as a
staging database we used a relational Oracle DB and did all
the transformation there but I do still not get the incentive
of using the SAS data set to do so. For me, admittedly as a SAS beginner, I
do think that a database such as Oracle is better to keep data
than a SAS data set and I assume with tools such as SAS Access I get query a relational database or SAS OLAP cube to do the reporting.
Respected Advisor
Posts: 3,764
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
Agree with what you say.
What people often do is reduce the amount of data within the DB, then pull it to SAS, do may be a bit further processing (it's just often easier to code with SAS than with SQL only) and then use the SAS Proc's.
Also in case where the data source comes from more than one system/DB one has to decide where to do the joins.
Regular Contributor
Posts: 184
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
> CREATE TABLE creates the same SAS dataset that a DATA
> step might. Ditto the views.
Not quite ditto for the views. They are interoperable as data sources, but can differ in terms of other functionality. For example, the DESCRIBE statement in PROC SQL will choke on a DATA step view, and the DESCRIBE statement in a DATA step will choke on a PROC SQL view. For example, PROC SQL views can be updated but DATA step views cannot. See http://www.howles.com/sqlbook/ (Chapter 10) for examples.
Regular Contributor
Posts: 207
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
@Patrick,
I am still restless about this issue. I dont want
to unsettle anyone here but right now I (admittedly a SAS beginner coming from
the Hyperion camp) cant see the point of loading my 30 GB tables
from DB2 and Oracle into SAS data sets to then get them into the SAS Olap
cube. in theory I would create a solid and multiplexed oracle db
that is accessed with SAS/Access from SAS Cube Studio.
To me, a staging areas with SAS data sets, is in competition with a full fledged staging area in Oracle and somehow I see the SAS data sets as inferior…so why do they exist?
PS: PLSQL is quite powerful for data manipulation as well.
N/A
Posts: 0
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
how about using sas views using "create view" to access oracle db.
Regular Contributor
Posts: 207
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
I can just use Oracle Views with SAS/Access, with Oracle indexes also used by other Oracle DB Objects and I have it all nicely in one box. Where is the need for SAS Datasets or Views here?
Dont get me wrong. I think SAS has great analytic capabilities but I just dont get the need to use its data formats.
SAS Employee
Posts: 11
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
Hello metalray; you might not need SAS datasets/views - quite possibly you are luckier than some/most folks in that all the data you need are in the database and/or you are permitted to upload the data you want into the database (to enrich that which is allready there)...
many times folks use SAS datasets to join data from the database to that from elsewhere, or to reshape data from the database... their local DBA conditions are such that they cant do it in the database, so they do it with SAS databases...
if your data are ready for the analytics without any transformation, you are in good shape to feed it into the SAS procs with a simple libname statement
paul
Regular Contributor
Posts: 207
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
Thanks for the feedback guys. That helped.
Valued Guide
Posts: 2,168
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
"metalray"
for "in-database enabled" SAS procedures
which move the sas analytics (intellectual property) into the database execution platform (rather than moving the data out of the data base into a platform where SAS executes ) see "Paper 300-2010 SAS® Presents In-Database Base Procedures in Practice" at
http://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings10/300-2010.pdf
(imho) it is a major (and now obvious) strategy for analytic performance.
peterC
Super Contributor
Posts: 291
Re: SAS SQL Tables vs Dataset
metalray;
To use a SAS PROCedure, the data has to be in a SAS dataset or SAS view so that the procedure can use it. Data that resides in a DB somewhere is rarely ready to use in any procedure and certainly cannot take advantage of the rich SAS formats and functions.
Ask a Question
Discussion stats
• 13 replies
• 785 views
• 0 likes
• 8 in conversation
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
3V, INC., Appellant, v. JTS ENTERPRISES, INC., Francesco Carlin, and Compagnia Italiana Di Ricerca E Sviluppo S.R.L., Appellees.
No. 14-99-01058-CV.
Court of Appeals of Texas, Houston (14th Dist.).
Dec. 14, 2000.
Rehearing Overruled March 29, 2001.
Stephen I. Weil, Kevin Dubose, Jennifer Bruch Hogan, Houston, for appellant.
John D. Norris, H.H. (Shashi) Kewalra-mani, J. Timothy Sisk, Houston, for appel-lees.
Panel consists of Justices FOWLER, EDELMAN, and SONDOCK.
Former Justice Ruby Kless Sondock sitting by assignment.
OPINION
FOWLER, Justice.
Appellant, 3V, Inc., appeals from a dismissal for want of prosecution in its lawsuit against JTS Enterprises, Inc., Fran-cesco Carlin, and Compagnia Italiana di Ricerca e Sviluppo S.R.L., appellees. This case presents four procedural issues: (1) Was 3V’s motion to reinstate, which did not meet the letter of rule 165a requiring verification, still effective to extend the time to file a notice of appeal?; (2) Was the trial court authorized to dismiss this case even though it was abated by a higher court?; (3) Is the failure to file a “final order” a valid reason to dismiss a case?; and (4) Could the trial court in this case dismiss either for the failure to file a final order or for 3Vs failure to prosecute with due diligence? We hold the following: (1) the motion to reinstate did extend the appellate timetable; (2) the trial court was authorized to dismiss the case in spite of the abatement; (3) failure to file a final order is a valid reason to dismiss a case; (4) the trial court could not dismiss this case for the failure to file a final order because the case was not in a posture at which the parties could file a final order; and (5) the trial court also could not dismiss the case for the more general reason of failure to prosecute because 3V was not given notice that the case might be dismissed on this ground. For these reasons, we reverse the order of the trial court dismissing this case and remand to the trial court for further proceedings.
BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In April of 1995, 3V, Inc. (“3V”) filed a lawsuit seeking temporary and permanent injunctive relief against JTS Enterprises, Inc. (“JTS”), Francesco Carlin (“Carlin”), and Compagnia Italiana di Ricerca e Svil-uppo S.R.L. (“CIRS”), alleging tortious interference with existing and prospective contracts, unfair competition and injury to business reputation, breach of contract, fraud, theft of trade secrets, and other related causes of action. The trial court refused to order the parties to arbitration in Italy, JTS appealed that order, and this Court reversed that decision and rendered judgment that the parties arbitrate. We also ordered the case abated, pending the outcome of arbitration. See Carlin v. 3V, Inc., 928 S.W.2d 291 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, no writ).
Nearly three years later — on March 12, 1999 — and without lifting the abatement, the trial court issued a “notice of intent to dismiss” 3V’s lawsuit because court records indicated that, although there had been a “settlement, verdict or decision dis-positive of the case,” no “final order” had been filed. The notice advised that if a final order was not filed by May 3, 1999, the case would be “DISMISSED FOR WANT OF PROSECUTION.” (emphasis in original). 3V failed to file any response to the trial court’s notice or to provide the trial court with any information about the arbitration proceeding’s status. Instead, on May 26, 1999 — three weeks after its due date — 3V filed a one sentence motion with the trial court asking only that the court retain the case on its docket. 3V’s motion neglected to provide any information about the status of the parties’ arbitration proceeding, nor did it give any reason for 3V’s failure to file a timely response to the trial court’s notice of intent to dismiss or for 3V’s failure to file a final order.
In response to 3V’s motion to retain, Carlin and CIRS filed a joint motion to dismiss the case, citing 3V’s failure to diligently pursue arbitration in Italy; JTS also filed a motion to dismiss. Carlin and CIRS alleged that, although 3V’s parent corporation was participating jn arbitration, 3V had declined to get involved. On June 14, 1999, the trial court denied 3V’s motion to retain, and dismissed the case for want of prosecution. The order stated that the dismissal was ordered pursuant to the March 12 notice of intent to dismiss.
On July 14, 1999, under Rule 165 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, 3V filed a motion to reinstate the case on the trial court’s docket and, under Rule 320, filed an alternative motion for a new trial. In the motion, 3V conceded that, without offering any explanation, it had failed to respond to the trial court’s notice before the May 3, 1999 deadline. 3V pointed out, however, that it had filed its motion to retain prior to the entry of a dismissal order and that, technically, it had not failed to appeal’ for a trial or hearing. Further, for the first time, 3V informed the trial court that, contrary to the March 12, 1999 notice, there was no “settlement, verdict, or dispositive decision” in the case and so no final order could be filed. 3V indicated that efforts to arbitrate were being made, and it submitted a declaration— made pursuant to the Hague Convention— by an Italian lawyer, an affidavit of 3V’s New York lawyer, and a supplemental affidavit outlining the parties’ progress in the Italian proceeding. 3V insisted, therefore, that dismissal for want of prosecution was inappropriate. On July 28, 1999, the trial court denied 3V’s motions to reinstate and for a new trial.
On September 8, 1999, 3V filed an “emergency motion to reopen the case”; it requested the court to (1) reconsider the dismissal for want of prosecution and denial of 3V’s prior motions for reinstatement, and (2) grant a new trial. In this emergency motion, 3V reported that, on September 2,1999, the Italian arbitration panel decided it would not arbitrate the merits of the case and instead, the dispute should proceed to litigation. 3V also alleged, for the first time, that it did not learn of the trial court’s March 12,1999 notice of intent to dismiss the case for want of prosecution until June 9, 1999, well after the May 3 deadline had expired. In response, the appellees maintained that 3V had failed to excuse its delay in answering the trial court’s notice of intent to dismiss, or to demonstrate good cause for keeping the case on the trial court’s docket. The ap-pellees also re-urged their arguments that 3V had not diligently pursued arbitration.
On September 13, 1999, the same day that it held an evidentiary hearing, the trial court denied 3V’s emergency motion. On September 13,1999, 3Y filed a notice of its intent to appeal the trial court’s July 14,1999 order denying its motion to retain.
ISSUES PRESENTED
In this appeal, 3V raises the following issues for the court’s consideration: (1) whether the trial court had authority to dismiss the case for want of prosecution during the abatement period; (2) whether the trial court abused its discretion by dismissing the case for failing to file a final order when “nothing ha[d] happened to make a final order necessary or appropriate”; and (3) whether the trial court abused its discretion for dismissing the case for a reason not stated in its notice of intent to dismiss. In response, JTS filed a motion to dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction, arguing that 3V’s notice of appeal was not timely filed. Carlin and CIRS also filed a motion to dismiss the appeal on those same grounds. In addition to refraining the issues as presented by 3V, Carlin and CIRS also ask this court to consider whether, if this court currently has original jurisdiction over the matter, this matter must be dismissed for want of prosecution as a result of the plaintiffs failure to arbitrate its claims for over three years and to thereby remove the basis for abatement.
THE MOTIONS TO DISMISS
In their motions to dismiss, appel-lees argue that 3V’s appeal should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction because the motion to reinstate was not verified. As noted above, the trial court’s dismissal order was entered on June 14,1999, meaning that a notice of appeal from that order was due on July 14, 1999. See Tex.R.App.P. 26.1 (Vernon Supp.2000). On July 14, 1999, 3V filed a motion to reinstate the case under Rule 165a of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. Ordinarily, this motion would have extended the appellate deadline, see Tex.R.App.P. 26.1(a)(3) (providing that a motion to reinstate under Rule 165a extends the time to perfect appeal to 90 days from the date the judgment is signed); however, appellees argue that 3V’s motion was not verified properly, and thus failed to extend the appellate timetable. If the appellate timetable were not extended, 3V’s September 13, 1999 notice of appeal was untimely. As we explain below, we conclude that the appellate timetable was extended.
Rule 165a of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure governs the reinstatement of cases dismissed for want of prosecution. That rule requires a party seeking reinstatement to file a verified motion to reinstate either within 30 days after the court signs the dismissal order or within the time provided by Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 306a. See Tex.R.Civ.P. 165a(3); see also McConnell v. May, 800 S.W.2d 194, 194 (Tex.1990). In the absence of a verified motion to reinstate, the trial court’s plenary jurisdiction expires 30 days after the date on which it signed the final order of dismissal. See Tex.R.Civ.P. 165a(3). In addition, without a motion to reinstate, to timely perfect an appeal, a party must file a written notice of appeal no more than 30 days after the judgment is signed. See Tex.R.App.P. 26.1 (Vernon Pamph.2000). Because a motion to reinstate is required to be verified, courts have held that a motion that contains no verification at all, extends neither the trial court’s plenary power, nor the time in which to perfect an appeal. See State v. Martini, 902 S.W.2d 138, 140 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1995, no writ) (citing Butts v. Capitol City Nursing Home, Inc., 705 S.W.2d 696, 697 (Tex.1986); and Owen v. Hodge, 874 S.W.2d 301, 303 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, no writ)).
Appellees claim that 3V’s motion to reinstate was ineffective to extend the trial court’s plenary power because “it was not verified and there was no adequate verification substitute attached to the motion.” To answer this argument, we turn to the motion and affidavits. It is true that a typical verification was not attached to the motion; the Houston counsel of record merely signed the motion. The motion itself denied Carlin and CIRS’s allegations that 3V had done nothing “in furtherance of the compelled arbitration,” it denied that a settlement, verdict or dispositive disposition had occurred, it stated that 3V had not failed to appear at any hearings, and it stated that neither 3V nor its lawyers had intentionally or with conscious indifference failed to prosecute the case.
However, attached to this motion were two affidavits: one from Mr. D’Ambrosio, New York counsel for 3V, and one from an Italian lawyer, Mr. Giovanni Frau, who was representing 3V’s parent in Italian arbitration proceedings. Mr. D’Amrosio’s affidavit was sworn to and notarized by a notary public. He denied that 3V had done nothing in furtherance of arbitration and then gave the names of the three Italian arbitrators and the date arbitration was to commence. The affidavit of the Italian lawyer was followed with a declaration by him that the statements therein were true and correct and he authenticated the affidavit “in accordance with the Hague Convention.” In addition, although he did not state that the information contained within the affidavit was within his personal knowledge, it was abundantly clear that it was. For example, he spoke of meetings with the Italian Board of Arbitration at which he made certain arguments to the Board. His affidavit confirmed that 3V or its parent was pursuing arbitration. It is clear that the purpose of these affidavits was to show that, contrary to Carlin and CIRS’s claims, 3V was actively pursuing arbitration.
Carlin and CIRS argue that even though the affidavits discuss how actively 3V or its parent was pursuing arbitration, they were still insufficient. They insist that the D’Ambrosio affidavit did not verify the claims in the motion to reinstate and was not based on personal knowledge. But, the affidavit did verify the claims set out in the motion itself-namely that 3V was moving the case forward. Although D’Ambro-sio did not say that his knowledge was personal, he did refer to Mr. Frau’s affidavit, which was obviously based on personal knowledge.
Likewise, Carlin and CIRS attack Frau’s affidavit because they claim that the affidavit was not by a movant or his attorney. In this case, this is a hypertech-nical argument we cannot sustain. 3V’s whole point in the motion was that arbitration was occurring. The arbitration was in Italy; only 3V’s Italian lawyer would have personal knowledge of those proceedings. Even though Frau was not 3V’s attorney in this suit, using Frau’s affidavit did not violate the intent of rule 165a that someone with personal knowledge of a party’s diligence in prosecuting a ease verify this fact.
In short, we conclude that the affidavits were sufficient to verify the motion to reinstate and we deny the motion to dismiss.
THE TRIAL COURT’S AUTHORITY TO DISMISS
a. The abatement.
In its first issue on appeal, 3V complains that, because the Fourteenth Court of Appeals abated the ease pending the outcome of an arbitration proceeding, the trial court had no authority to dismiss the case during the abatement. We disagree.
“An abatement is a present suspension of all proceedings in a suit.” America Online, Inc. v. Williams, 958 S.W.2d 268, 272 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, no pet.) (citing Permanente Med. Ass’n of Tex. v. Johnson, 917 S.W.2d 515, 517 (Tex.App.—Waco 1996, orig. proceeding)). In that context, “suspend” means “to interrupt; to cause to cease for a time; to postpone; to stay, delay, or hinder; to discontinue temporarily, but with an expectation or purpose of resumption.” Id. (quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 1446 (6th ed.1979)). Generally, an abatement is sought to challenge the plaintiffs pleadings by asserting that facts outside the pleadings prevent the suit from going forward in its present condition. See Texas Highway Dep’t v. Jarrell, 418 S.W.2d 486, 488 (Tex.1967); Martin v. Dosohs I, Ltd., 2 S.W.3d 350, 354 (Tex.App.— San Antonio 1999, no pet.). By granting an abatement, the court gives the plaintiff an opportunity to cure the defect. See Martin, 2 S.W.3d at 354. Once granted, an abatement precludes the trial court and the parties from going forward on a case until the defect or obstacle is removed. See Williams, 958 S.W.2d at 272; see also In re Kimball Hill Homes Texas, Inc., 969 S.W.2d 522, 527 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, orig. proceeding).
In its reply brief, 3V concedes that an abatement is a temporary suspension in a case, and that it is not intended to be infinite in duration. 3V also concedes that a court may inquire about the status of an abated case. In fact, it is well established that Texas trial courts have “wide discretion” in managing their dockets. See Clanton v. Clark, 639 S.W.2d 929, 931 (Tex.1982). A trial judge has “a duty and obligation to maintain control of the docket and to require parties to prosecute their suits with diligence.” Texas Soc’y, Daughters of the Amer. Revolution v. Hubbard, 768 S.W.2d 858, 861 (Tex.App.—Texarkana 1989, no writ). In that regard, it is well-settled law that, if a trial court discovers that the plaintiff has failed to correct a defect or impediment to suit after an abatement has been granted, the trial court may properly dismiss the plaintiffs case. See Hebert v. Shrake, 492 S.W.2d 605, 606 (Tex.Civ.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1973, no writ); Browne v. Bear, Stearns & Co., 766 S.W.2d 823, 824 (Tex.App.—Dallas 1989, writ denied); GarciaMarroquin v. Nueces County Bail Bond Bd., 1 S.W.3d 366, 374 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1999, no pet.); M & M Constr. Co. v. Great Amer. Ins. Co., 747 S.W.2d 552, 554 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1988, no writ); Lighthouse Church of Cloverleaf v. Texas Bank, 889 S.W.2d 595, 600 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1994, writ denied).
Nonetheless, 3V argues that the trial court could not disturb an abatement entered by this Court. We decline to adopt this position. It contemplates that (1) the trial court ignored this Court’s order that the parties arbitrate and (2) that the case had to remain abated until the parties arbitrated. However, inherent in our order to arbitrate was the idea that the arbitration would be completed within a reasonable time. The trial court did not ignore the order. The case was abated and the court had given the parties three years to arbitrate. So, the court did follow our order. Moreover, adopting this argument would prevent the trial court from managing its docket and, in this case, would be unwarranted and unnecessary. Only the trial court had jurisdiction over this lawsuit. This Court did not. The practical effect of our order was to reverse the trial court’s order denying the motion to compel arbitration and to remand the case to the trial court. Consequently, even though this Court ordered the case abated pending arbitration, we no longer had jurisdiction over the case. It follows that if the trial court had sole jurisdiction over the case, it had authority to manage its own docket, including dismissing 3V’s case three years after the order to arbitrate. 3V’s first issue on appeal is therefore overruled, and the first issue raised by Carlin and CIRS is sustained.
b. Dismissal for Failure to File a Final Order and for Failure to Prosecute
Having found that the trial court had authority to manage its docket, we must now determine whether the trial court appropriately dismissed 3V’s lawsuit or whether it abused its discretion.
In its second issue, 3V contends that, if the trial court dismissed the case for 3V’s failure to file a final order, it abused its discretion because “failure to file a final order” was not a valid reason for dismissal and the trial court’s notice of intent to dismiss was based on a mistake of fact. On the other hand, 3V argues that if the trial court dismissed the case for 3V’s failure to prosecute generally, it failed to give 3V adequate notice of its trae reason for dismissal.
When reviewing a dismissal for want of prosecution, the sole issue is whether the appellant can demonstrate a clear abuse of discretion by the trial court. See Bevil v. Johnson, 157 Tex. 621, 307 S.W.2d 85, 87 (1957); City of Houston v. Malone, 828 S.W.2d 567, 568 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1992, no writ). To determine whether there is an abuse of discretion, the reviewing court must determine whether the trial court acted without reference to any guiding rules and principles. See Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241-42 (Tex.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1159, 106 S.Ct. 2279, 90 L.Ed.2d 721 (1986). Acting in a manner contrary to case law constitutes an abuse of discretion. See In re Epic Holdings, Inc., 985 S.W.2d 41, 57 (Tex.1998). We will address first whether the court was authorized to dismiss a case for “failure to file a final order.”
(1). General Authority to Dismiss for Failure to File a Final Order.
In Texas, a trial court may dismiss a case for want of prosecution in any of the following circumstances: (1) when a party fails to appear at a hearing or at trial (rule 165a(1)), (2) when the case has not been disposed of within the supreme court’s guidelines (which requires that civil jury cases be disposed of within 18 months from the appearance date (rule 165a(2))), and (3) when a case has not been prosecuted with due diligence (inherent power to dismiss). See Villarreal v. San Antonio Truck & Equip., 994 S.W.2d 628, 630 (Tex.1999); Bilnoski v. Pizza Inn, Inc., 858 S.W.2d 55, 57 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, no writ) (citing City of Houston v. Thomas, 838 S.W.2d 296, 297 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1992, no writ)). The trial court’s authority to dismiss is derived both from Rule 165a of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure and from its own inherent power to manage its own docket. See Veterans’ Land Bd. v. Williams, 543 S.W.2d 89, 90 (Tex.1976); Burton v. Hoffman, 959 S.W.2d 351, 353 (Tex.App.—Austin 1998, no pet.). When an unreasonable delay in the prosecution of a case occurs, it is presumed that the case has been abandoned. See Bilnoski, 858 S.W.2d at 57 (citing Hosey v. County of Victoria, 832 S.W.2d 701, 704 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1992, no writ)). If that delay is not sufficiently explained, the presumption of abandonment is conclusive and the case will be dismissed. See id.
3V argues that the failure to file a final order is not a valid ground for dismissal. 3V makes this argument based on Villarreal and other opinions which state that a case may be dismissed only on one of the three grounds mentioned above. See id.; Bilnoski v. Pizza Inn, Inc., 858 S.W.2d 55, 57 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, no writ). 3V argues that the trial court’s notice of intent to dismiss does not fall within any of these three bases.
We are of the opinion that the notice of intent to dismiss for failure to file a final order falls within the second and third categories, which entail the authority to dismiss when a case is not prosecuted within the supreme court’s guidelines and the court’s inherent power to dismiss for failure to prosecute. Diligent prosecution includes not only diligent prosecution to the time of trial, but also diligence thereafter in procuring a final judgment or other final order. This goal of bringing a case through trial and to its ultimate conclusion is evident from the supreme court’s own time standards which declare that a civil jury case must be disposed of within 18 months from the appearance date. See Tex.R.JudAdmin. 6. Thus, in Texas, we are concerned not only with diligence to trial but also diligence to a conclusion of the case. In this case, the very specific notice from the court satisfies this goal and at the same time informs the party exactly what it must do for the case to be retained. So, in principle, we find no fault with this notice because we conclude that it is subsumed within the category of dismissals for failure to prosecute. We choose not to, and see no reason to, penalize the court for using more specific, rather than less specific language. However, this leads us to the second question, whether, the court, in this particular case, could dismiss for 3V’s failure to file a final order.
(2). The Particular Notice at Issue.
Nearly three years after the parties were ordered to attend arbitration, the trial court issued a notice of intent to dismiss on March 12,1999. In that notice, the trial court warned the parties of its intent to dismiss the case for want of prosecution because it believed that there had been a “settlement, verdict, or decision dispositive of the case,” yet no final order had been filed. The trial court cautioned, therefore, that it would dismiss the case for want of prosecution if a final order was not filed on or before May 3, 1999. 3V made no effort to meet this deadline or to contact the trial court and explain that there had been no “decision dispositive of the case” and no final order. Instead, it waited until May 26 to file a motion which stated the following in its entirety:
Plaintiff moves to retain this case on the Court’s docket. Plaintiff has unsuccessfully attempted to confer with Defendants.
This motion is set for submission on June 7,1999, at 8:00 a.m.
3V provided no information about the status of the parties’ arbitration proceeding, nor did 3V provide any reason for its failure to file a timely response to the trial court’s notice. The trial court denied the motion to retain and dismissed 3V’s case pursuant to its March 12th notice.
If we were required to look only at 3V’s pleadings, we would hold that the trial court had authority to dismiss the case for failure to file a final order because 3V failed to inform the court that the court was mistaken about the occurrence of a settlement or dispositive event. However, we are not required to look only at 3V’s pleadings. We must look at all of the pleadings filed with the court in response to the notice of intent to dismiss. JTS responded to 3V’s motion to retain and, in essence, informed the court that no settlement, verdict or decision dispositive of the case had occurred. The gist of the motion was that 3V had not pursued arbitration, indeed, had not done anything on the case, and so the case was in exactly the same posture as it had been three years earlier. In short, between these two motions, the court had enough information in response to its notice to know that a settlement or other dispositive event had not occurred. On this state of the record, knowing that its notice was based on a faulty assumption, we agree with 3V that the court could not dismiss the case for 3V’s failure to file a final order based on a settlement.
(3). The Court’s Authority to Dismiss under its Inherent Power to Manage its Docket.
JTS argues that, even if the notice were based on an incorrect assumption, the trial court had the authority, through its inherent power to manage its docket, to dismiss the case for the failure to prosecute. However, this notice did not give the trial court the authority to dismiss the case for 3V’s failure to prosecute. Under the notice sent, the only reason the trial court could dismiss the case was for failure to file a final order. It could not dismiss for the failure to prosecute with diligence because 3V was not given sufficient notice that the court might dismiss the case for failure to prosecute. We base this conclusion on Villarreal v. San Antonio Truck & Equip., 994 S.W.2d 628 (Tex.1999), in which the court held that, a notice of dismissal must inform a plaintiff of the exact reason for dismissal; otherwise, it violates the party’s due process rights. In Villarreal, the supreme court was faced with a notice of setting/notiee of dismissal which, in its relevant parts is indistinguishable from ours. The notice stated the following:
BY DIRECTION OF THE PRESIDING JUDGE OF SAID COURT[,] NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN YOU THAT THE ABOVE CAUSE(S), UPON ORDER OF THE COURT[,] IS SET FOR DISMISSAL ON THE 22ND DAY OF OCTOBER, 1996.... IF NO ANNOUNCEMENT IS MADE, THIS CAUSE WILL BE DISMISSED FOR WANT OF PROSECUTION.
Id. at 632.
The court held that this notice informed the plaintiff that the case would be dismissed only if the plaintiff did not appear and announce ready. Id. The court “rejected] Defendants’ contention that ‘[t]he dismissal notice clearly indicated that the plaintiffs case would be dismissed unless the plaintiff could show good cause why it should not be dismissed for want of prosecution.’ ” Id. Thus, the court held that the notice could not be interpreted as giving notice of two grounds for dismissal— failure to announce ready and failure to use diligence in prosecuting the case; it gave notice of only one basis for dismissal.
The notice before us — especially that sentence stating, “[i]f a final order is not filed and set for submission on 05-03-1999, at 9:00 A.M., this case will be DISMISSED FOR WANT OF PROSECUTION” — is indistinguishable from the Villarreal order. Like the Villarreal order, it notifies the plaintiff that only one act can remove the case from the dismissal docket. In Villamal, that one act was announcement of ready for trial; here, that one act was the filing of a final order.
Thus, under the notice sent out, the trial court was precluded from dismissing this case for any reason other than the failure to file a final order. See Id. Yet, as discussed earlier, the trial court was also precluded from dismissing the case for failure to file a final order because a settlement or other dispositive event had not occurred. Having been informed that a dispositive event had not occurred, the only option for the court was to issue a new notice of intent to dismiss based on either rule 165a(2) or its inherent power to dismiss for failure to prosecute or to rule on JTS’s motion to dismiss. Id. at 630. Since it did not do this, the trial court abused its discretion in dismissing the case.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, we hold that the trial court abused its discretion in dismissing 3V’s lawsuit for want of prosecution, and we reverse the trial court’s judgment dismissing the case for want of prosecution, and remand the case to the trial court.
. The language of the order was the following: "The judgment of the trial court is reversed, and judgment is rendered compelling arbitration in Italy according to the terms of the agreement and abating the cause pending arbitration.” Although the order has "reverse and render” language in it, the appeal, taken from a denial of a motion to compel arbitration, was interlocutory; the case was not finished at the trial level. Thus, the intent of the order was to reverse the order denying arbitration, order the parties to arbitrate, and remand the case to the trial court for further proceedings in accordance with our judgment.
. 3V has not assigned error to the denial of its motion to reinstate.
. Our discussion should not be taken as a comment on whether the motion to reinstate should have been granted. That issue is not before us. Nor should we be understood to say that in every case a motion to reinstate that fails to follow the letter of Rule 165a will extend the appellate timetable.
. Although 3V relies on In re Kimball Hill Homes Texas, Inc., 969 S.W.2d 522 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, orig. proceeding) and Fedco Oil Co. v. Pride Refining Co., 787 S.W.2d 572 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1990, no writ), we disagree that they are controlling here. In Kimball Homes, we held that the trial court erred in refusing to grant an abatement required by statute and, therefore, any orders entered by it during the abatement period were void. See Kimball Homes, 969 S.W.2d at 527. In Fed-co, we held that it was error to dismiss for want of prosecution because the record detailed "almost constant activity until the day the trial judge dismissed the case for want of prosecution.” Fedco, 787 S.W.2d at 574—75. Neither of those cases are on point with the facts present here. 3V also points to Sanchez v. Hester, 911 S.W.2d 173 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1995, orig. proceeding), in an effort to analogize the abatement to the automatic stay entered during bankruptcy proceedings under 11 U.S.C. § 362. We note, however, that at least one other Texas court has rejected this analysis, holding that the automatic bankruptcy stay did not prohibit the trial court from dismissing a plaintiff's suit for want of prosecution. See Montgomery Ward & Co. v. Denton County Appraisal Dist., 13 S.W.3d 828, 830 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 2000, pet. denied). For this reason, and others discussed more fully above, we decline to apply 3V's analogy in this case.
. For this reason — i.e., that we have no original jurisdiction over this case — we deny Carlin and CIRS's request to dismiss the case for want of prosecution.
. Our conclusion would be different if the court had not been informed that its notice was based on a faulty assumption. In that case, since it is the parties’ responsibility to inform the court of any error on its part, the trial court could properly dismiss. We recognize that our conclusion may be frustrating to JTS, who informed the court of the case’s status. However, as an officer of the court, JTS should have informed the court of the true status of the case. The trial court had an option to rule on a different basis than it did, for, in response to 3V's motion to retain, JTS filed its own motion to dismiss. Had the court chosen to base the dismissal on JTS’s motion rather than basing the dismissal on the court-generated notice, this case would not be plagued with the due process issue we discuss below.
. The trial court probably did not have the benefit of reading Villarreal before it signed the dismissal order. The opinion came out shortly before the order was signed. Moreover, the parties never cited Villarreal to the court.
|
CASELAW
|
Blogs
Astigmatism: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Astigmatism: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
What is Astigmatism?
Astigmatism is a common refractive error in the eye that occurs when the cornea or lens has an irregular shape, leading to blurred or distorted vision. Instead of having a spherical shape like a basketball, the cornea or lens with astigmatism is more like a football, with varying degrees of curvature in different meridians.
This uneven curvature causes light to focus on multiple points in the eye, resulting in blurred or distorted images. Astigmatism can be present independently or in conjunction with other refractive errors such as nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia).
Corrective lenses, such as glasses or contact lenses, are commonly used to alleviate the visual symptoms associated with astigmatism. In some cases, refractive surgery may be considered as a more permanent solution. Regular eye examinations by an optometrist or ophthalmologist can help diagnose and address astigmatism.
Types of Astigmatism:
Astigmatism can be categorised into different types based on its characteristics and causes. The main types of astigmatism include:
1. Regular Astigmatism: Regular astigmatism occurs when the principal meridians (the two main curves of the cornea or lens) are perpendicular to each other, forming a regular pattern.
2. Irregular Astigmatism: Irregular astigmatism is less common and occurs when the cornea or lens has uneven curvatures that are not in a regular pattern. This can result from conditions such as corneal scarring or certain eye surgeries.
3. Myopic Astigmatism: Myopic astigmatism occurs when one or both principal meridians of the eye are nearsighted. This means that light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina, leading to blurred distance vision.
4. Hyperopic Astigmatism: Hyperopic astigmatism occurs when one or both principal meridians of the eye are farsighted. In this case, light entering the eye is focused behind the retina, causing difficulty with near vision.
5. Mixed Astigmatism: Mixed astigmatism involves one principal meridian being nearsighted while the other is farsighted. This results in blurred vision both at a distance and up close.
6. Regular With-the-rule Astigmatism: In this type, the steepest meridian is oriented vertically, which is commonly referred to as "with-the-rule" because the meridian aligns with the vertical axis.
7. Regular Against-the-rule Astigmatism: In this type, the steepest meridian is oriented horizontally, opposite to the vertical axis. This is known as "against-the-rule" astigmatism.
8. Regular Oblique Astigmatism: Regular oblique astigmatism occurs when one principal meridian is steeper than the other but is not aligned with either the vertical or horizontal axes.
Causes of Astigmatism:
Astigmatism is primarily caused by irregularities in the shape of the cornea or lens of the eye. The specific causes can include:
• Corneal Shape: Irregularities in the curvature of the cornea, such as a football-shaped cornea instead of a spherical one, can lead to astigmatism.
• Lens Abnormalities: Changes in the shape of the eye's crystalline lens can also contribute to astigmatism.
• Genetics: Astigmatism frequently has a hereditary component, which means that it can occur in families.
• Eye Injuries or Surgeries: Trauma to the eye or certain eye surgeries can result in irregular astigmatism.
• Keratoconus: A condition where the cornea progressively thins and bulges outward, leading to astigmatism.
• Changes with Age: Astigmatism can develop or change as a person ages.
• Eye Conditions: Certain eye conditions, such as corneal scars or degenerations, can cause irregular astigmatism.
• Environmental Factors: Prolonged and intense use of the eyes for tasks like reading or computer work may contribute to eyestrain but is not a direct cause of astigmatism.
Also read: Brown Spot on Your Eye
Symptoms of Astigmatism:
Common symptoms of astigmatism include:
• Blurred Vision: Objects may appear blurry or distorted at various distances.
• Eyestrain: Prolonged visual tasks, such as reading or computer work, can lead to eye discomfort and fatigue.
• Headaches: Astigmatism-related eyestrain may cause headaches, especially after prolonged periods of visual concentration.
• Squinting: Individuals with astigmatism may squint to try to improve focus and clarity.
• Distorted or Ghosting Images: Double vision or ghosting of images may occur, particularly in low-light conditions.
• Difficulty with Night Vision: Astigmatism can impact the ability to see clearly in low-light environments.
• Frequent Changes in Prescription: Individuals may experience frequent changes in their eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions.
• Eye Discomfort: Some people with astigmatism may feel general discomfort or irritation in the eyes.
Also read: Cataracts - Symptoms, Causes, Prevention and Treatment
Risk Factors of Astigmatism:
Common risk factors associated with the development of astigmatism include the following:
• Eye Injuries: Trauma to the eye, especially if it affects the cornea, can contribute to astigmatism.
• Eye Surgeries: Certain eye surgeries, particularly those involving the cornea, may increase the risk of astigmatism.
• Keratoconus: Individuals with keratoconus, a condition where the cornea progressively thins and bulges, are at a higher risk of developing astigmatism.
• Age: Changes in the shape of the cornea and lens with age can lead to the development of astigmatism.
• Eye Conditions: Conditions such as corneal scars, degenerations, or other irregularities can be associated with an increased risk of astigmatism.
• Environmental Factors: Prolonged and intense use of the eyes for specific tasks may contribute to eyestrain but is not a direct cause of astigmatism.
Diagnosis of Astigmatism:
The diagnosis of astigmatism typically involves a comprehensive eye examination conducted by an eye care professional, such as an optometrist or ophthalmologist. Some of the components of the examination might be as follows:
• Visual Acuity Test: Your ability to see at different distances is evaluated using this common eye chart test. It helps determine the clarity of your vision and identifies any potential refractive errors, including astigmatism.
• Refraction Test: A phoropter or an autorefractor is used to measure the way light enters your eyes, helping to determine the degree and type of astigmatism.
• Keratometry: This test measures the curvature of the cornea, providing information about its shape. Keratometry helps identify astigmatism and its severity.
• Corneal Topography: This advanced imaging technique creates a detailed map of the cornea's surface, helping to diagnose irregular astigmatism and conditions like keratoconus.
• Retinoscopy: This technique involves shining a light into your eyes and observing the reflection to estimate your eyeglass prescription.
• Slit-Lamp Examination: A slit lamp is used to examine the anterior segment of the eye, including the cornea. This helps the eye care professional assess the overall health of the eye and identify any abnormalities contributing to astigmatism.
• Autorefractors and Aberrometers: These automated instruments provide additional objective measurements of refractive errors and can assist in refining the prescription.
• Subjective Refraction: The eye care professional will use the information gathered from the tests to fine-tune your prescription through a process of subjective refraction. This involves asking you to provide feedback on the clarity of images.
Also read: Cystinosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications
Treatments of Astigmatism:
The most common treatments for astigmatism aim to correct the refractive error and improve visual clarity. The primary options include:
1. Eyeglasses: Prescription eyeglasses with specially crafted lenses can compensate for the irregular shape of the cornea or lens, helping to focus light properly onto the retina. Eyeglasses are a non-invasive and effective way to correct astigmatism.
2. Contact Lenses: Toric contact lenses are designed specifically for astigmatism. They have different powers in different lens meridians to address the cornea's varying curvatures. Contact lenses provide a more natural field of vision compared to eyeglasses.
3. Refractive Surgery: Surgical procedures can reshape the cornea to correct astigmatism. Common types of refractive surgery for astigmatism include:
• LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis): This procedure uses a laser to reshape the cornea, correcting the refractive error.
• PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy): Similar to LASIK, PRK involves reshaping the cornea's surface to correct astigmatism.
• LASEK (Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis): LASEK combines elements of LASIK and PRK.
4. Orthokeratology (Ortho-K): This non-surgical option involves the use of specially designed rigid gas-permeable contact lenses worn overnight. The lenses temporarily reshape the cornea, providing clearer vision during the day.
5. Astigmatic Keratotomy (AK): In certain cases, small incisions may be made in the cornea to reshape it and correct astigmatism. This surgical procedure is less common today due to the popularity of laser surgeries.
Complications of Astigmatism:
Astigmatism itself is a common refractive error and, in general, does not lead to severe complications. However, uncorrected or improperly managed astigmatism can contribute to certain issues and impact overall eye health. Complications and associated concerns may include:
• Blurred Vision: Uncorrected astigmatism can result in persistent blurred or distorted vision, affecting the ability to see clearly at various distances.
• Eye Strain and Discomfort: Astigmatism can lead to eye strain, discomfort, and headaches, particularly during prolonged periods of reading or using digital devices.
• Reduced Visual Performance: Individuals with uncorrected astigmatism may experience challenges in tasks that require precise vision, such as driving or reading.
• Decreased Night Vision: Astigmatism can contribute to difficulties in seeing clearly in low-light conditions, potentially affecting night driving.
• Amblyopia (Lazy Eye): In some cases, astigmatism, especially if present from an early age, may contribute to amblyopia, a condition where one eye doesn't develop normal vision.
• Increased Risk of Myopia (Nearsightedness) or Hyperopia (Farsightedness): Astigmatism may coexist with other refractive errors, leading to a combination of vision issues.
• Reduced Quality of Life: Uncorrected astigmatism can impact a person's overall quality of life, affecting daily activities and causing frustration or discomfort.
Tags
Book Appointments
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Colombo v. New York (405 U.S. 9)
Petitioner refused to answer a grand jury's questions despite a grant of immunity. A trial judge found the questions to be proper and directed petitioner to answer. Petitioner refused, and the judge found that by "his contumacious and unlawful refusal... to answer any legal and proper interrogatories and for his willful disobedience to the lawful mandate of this Court" petitioner had "committed a criminal contempt of court" in violation of N.Y. Judiciary Law § 750. He was sentenced to 30 days and fined $250. His offer to testify thereafter was refused and he paid his fine and served his sentence. Petitioner was then indicted under N.Y. Penal Law § 600 "for his contumacious and unlawful refusal... to answer legal and proper interrogatories." The trial court dismissed the indictment on double jeopardy grounds, but the appellate court reversed. The New York Court of Appeals, sustaining the reversal, held that there were two acts of contempt, one before the grand jury, and the other the refusal to obey the court order, and that the trial judge had committed petitioner for civil, not criminal, contempt.
Held: Petitioner was penalized for criminal contempt for purposes of the Double Jeopardy Clause, and in view of the state court's misconception of the nature of the contempt judgment, and the substantial question of state law arising from the State's response that it considers the two acts of contempt as being partially intertwined, the judgment is vacated and the case is remanded to the state court.
Certiorari granted, 29 N.Y. 2d 1, 271 N.E. 2d 694, vacated and remanded.
PER CURIAM.
|
WIKI
|
@article {Katayamae201900528, author = {Shota Katayama and Kota Sato and Toru Nakazawa}, title = {In vivo and in vitro knockout system labelled using fluorescent protein via microhomology-mediated end joining}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, elocation-id = {e201900528}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.26508/lsa.201900528}, publisher = {Life Science Alliance}, abstract = {Gene knockout is important for understanding gene function and genetic disorders. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has great potential to achieve this purpose. However, we cannot distinguish visually whether a gene is knocked out and in how many cells it is knocked out among a population of cells. Here, we developed a new system that enables the labelling of knockout cells with fluorescent protein through microhomology-mediated end joining{\textendash}based knock-in. Using a combination with recombinant adeno-associated virus, we delivered our system into the retina, where the expression of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 was driven by a retina ganglion cell (RGC){\textendash}specific promoter, and knocked out carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT). We evaluated RGCs and revealed that CAT is required for RGC survival. Furthermore, we applied our system to Keap1 and confirmed that Keap1 is not expressed in fluorescently labelled cells. Our system provides a promising framework for cell type{\textendash}specific genome editing and fluorescent labelling of gene knockout based on knock-in.}, URL = {https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/3/1/e201900528}, eprint = {https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/3/1/e201900528.full.pdf}, journal = {Life Science Alliance} }
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
How to Install a Rope Seal Correctly
We have used our rubber seals with very good results but there are many that want to use the rope seal. All Buick's came from the factory with rope seals on both ends of the crank but installing them has become a lost art. I want to correct the myths about how they are to be installed starting with the rear mail seal. Make sure you have a very old NOS rope or a new one, the ones made in the 80's and even 90's were crap, they took the asbestos out and made them from an inferior material that literally fell apart in less than a year. It was during that time around 1982 that I pioneered the rubber seal so it could be changed in the car without pulling the engine. The correct way to install the rope seal is with the engine out and crank removed, make sure the crank surface where the seal rides is smooth, without pits and gouges. Take the rope seal and lay it on the work bench, it should have two flat sides, while holding the flat side down bend to a U shape, tap lightly with a small hammer so it lays flat, fit it into the seal groove in the block, it should fit all the way down into the groove. Now take your hammer handle and roll the seal in, start in the middle, sliding the smooth hammer handle, working the seal in and shaping it for the crank. You can even set your crank in and push it down into the seal to make sure it fits. Now with a razor blade cut the rope off flush, cutting the rope starting from the inside straight and level with the block surface, now install the rope in the bearing cap the same way.. DO NOT LEAVE THE ROPE ENDS STICKING UP! I don't know who has been telling people to do this but I have heard that dozens of times from customers and we have taken many leaking engines apart like this, not only will it leak oil because the bearing cap is not going down all the way but also the rear main bearing will wear out from being cocked. Now install the crank and main caps, DO NOT PUT SILICONE SEALER BETWEEN THE CAP AND BLOCK! Silicone is an excellent sealer but don't use it there, it will increase your bearing clearance. Now you have torqued the caps down, the last part of this job we use black silicone sealer to seal the sides of the cap, put a 1/4" shot in the side seal hole. Coat the side seal with lightly with the black silicone and tap it into the hole, it will act like a piston and sealant will weep out of the sides slightly, sealing every possible place for oil to leak out.. Now the front seal, I know the factory manual tells you to remove the rope seal retainer but DON'T, I have found that if you leave it in, and work the seal like we do with the rear main seal it works much better. Flatten the seal lightly with a the hammer, start with the end at the top, work it into the grove with a hammer or screw driver handle when you get most of it in cut the rope seal about a 1/2" longer that you think it should be and keep working it in.. Now, the last part, very important, before installing the timing cover, put oil on the seal surface of your damper and carefully work it into the seal, pushing it down, rotating and wiggling it a little, ok, now the cover is ready to install. DO NOT forget to tighten that damper with a TORQUE WENCH TO 220 lbs. NOT an impact gun! FYI some newer rope seals can't be cut with a razor blade because they are made from Kevlar, I prefer not using them.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Saddleridge Fire photos shows flames ripping through Los Angeles
Saddleridge Fire has burned through over 7,500 acres of brush north of Los Angeles, spreading at a rate of 800 acres per hour because of the Santa Ana winds. It remains only 13% contained.Mandatory evacuation orders were put into place, affecting about 100,000 people as of Friday evening. At least 31 buildings have been destroyed, and portions of major freeways were closed.California Gov. Gavin Newsom announced that the White House granted federal aid to assist in battling the wildfires.Photos depict scenes of devastation and panic from the areas where the wildfire continues to rage.Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.The Saddleridge fire has burned through over 7,500 acres of brush north of Los Angeles, spreading at a rate of 800 acres per hour because of the Santa Ana winds. It remains only 13% contained.Mandatory evacuation orders were put into place, affecting about 100,000 people as of Friday evening. At least 31 buildings have been destroyed, and portions of major freeways were closed. Over 1,000 firefighters are battling the flames, the LA Fire Department said on Friday.Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti said during a press conference at 5 p.m. PT that there has been at least one fire-related death after a man died of cardiac arrest.Read more: A Los Angeles bush fire has burned over 7,500 acres and prompted evacuation orders for 100,000 people — here are the latest updatesCalifornia Gov. Gavin Newsom announced that the White House granted federal aid to assist in battling the wildfires, saying that it will "ensure the communities grappling with this fire have the vital resources and support they need."Photos depict scenes of devastation and panic from the areas where the wildfire continues to rage.
The Saddleridge Fire has ripped through over 7,500 acres of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles. It has spread 800 acres an hour, officials said on Friday morning.
Source: Reuters
About 100,000 people are under mandatory evacuation orders.
Source: Los Angeles Fire Department
The blaze began on the side of the 210 Freeway on Thursday night, in the Sylmar area of Los Angeles, less than 30 miles from downtown.
Source: Los Angeles TimesRead more: The Saddleridge fire in Los Angeles has been stoked by the distinctly devilish Santa Ana winds — here's why they're so powerful
Powerful Santa Ana winds drove the flames into residential areas so quickly late Thursday night that officials couldn't warn residents.
Source: LA Times
Residents in the Granada Hills and Porter Ranch neighborhoods roused each other in the middle of the night, grabbing what they could and fleeing.
Source: LA Times
"I started knocking on all my neighbors' doors because I knew they were sleeping," Porter Ranch resident Cece Merkerson told the LA Times. "I'm banging and banging and I woke up about eight of them — and they all looked at me like I was crazy."
Source: LA Times
Over 1,000 firefighters are battling the blaze, and 13% of the fire has been contained.
Source: LAFD
Locals retreated to seven different evacuation centers.
Source: LAFD
Though the fire continues to spread, some Granada Hills residents have been able to return to the charred remains of their neighborhood.
The fire has burned at least 25 buildings and homes.
Source: LAFD
Portions of four major freeways closed on Friday.
Source: LA Times
The fires and road closures created traffic jams Thursday night and Friday morning.
Source: LA Times
Helicopters and Super Scoopers — aircraft that fly low over lakes or reservoirs and scoop up water — are trying to drown the flames.
But officials say it could take days to completely put out the blaze.
Source: LA Times / The Mercury News
"Nobody's going home right away," LA Fire Department Chief Ralph Terrazas told reporters at a press conference on Friday.
Read the original article on INSIDER. Copyright 2019.
Follow INSIDER on Facebook.
Follow INSIDER on Twitter.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Share on facebook
Share on twitter
Set up an FTP Server on Google Cloud Platform
Want to set up an FTP server on Google Cloud Platform then don’t worry, I am going to show you how to do it.
But before that just let me explain some stuff.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files to and from a remote network. You need an FTP server and minimum an FTP client, To establish an FTP connection.
In this tutorial, we will set up an FTP server on Google Cloud using VSFTPD (Very Secure FTP Daemon). For FTP client, we’re using Filezilla client on our desktop.
Is FTP secured?
No, The secured version of FTP is FTP/S or FTP (File Transfer Protocol over Secure Sockets Layers). FTPS is FTP with SSL for security. As it uses SSL, it requires a certificate.
Let’s get started,
Step 1: Deploy a Virtual Instance on Google Cloud
To create a Linux FTP server on google cloud you have to launch a Linux VM, If you already deployed one, that also work just fine. Skip this step if you already deployed your Virtual Machine.
On your Google Cloud dashboard and click the hamburger menu in the upper left-hand corner of the screen.
Now hover over Compute Engine and Click on VM Instances.
After that click the Create button to deploy a new VM.
Now, choose your New VM’s Machine type, server location etc. as per your requirement.
In the above image I am showing you my VM’s specification, there I am using f1-micro with debian/linux 9.
After that, Click the create button to deploy your VM.
Step 2: Open SSH terminal
After you have successfully deployed your VM, click the SSH button to lunch the command terminal.
This is how SSH command terminal looks. Now follow the step 3.
Step 3: Installing VSFTPD
By default, Google cloud Linux does not come with FTP server application, that is why we’re going to install vsftpd daemon. Let’s update our package list before vsftpd installation.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vsftpd
After Installation, Create a backup file of vsftpd.conf.
sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.back
With a backup of the configuration in place, we’re ready to configure vsftpd.
Step 4: Create a User
After you have opened the ssh terminal, We’ll create a new Linux User by executing the below command. You also can use your existing user.
sudo adduser tom
Step 5: Configure vsftpd.conf file
There are multiple ways which you can set up your Vsftpd FTP server. In this step, We’re planning to allow a single user with a local shell account to connect with FTP. But if you want secure connection then follow 1 to 7 steps. And If you want to create a ftp server which is open for all then follow 1 to 6 then 8.
So, lets set up vsftpd.conf file,
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
Now, verify that the settings in your configuration match those below.
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES .........
After that, Uncommment the write_enable setting. This will allow user to upload files.
....
write_enable=YES
Now, We’ll also uncomment the chroot to prevent the FTP-connected user from accessing any files or commands outside the directory tree.
chroot_local_user=YES
Next, add the two line below, the first setting will insert the username in our local_root directory path. And the second will define our ftp user default directory.
user_sub_token=$USER
local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
After that limit the range of port that can be used for passive FTP.
pasv_min_port=40000
pasv_max_port=50000
This step is Optional, If you use userlist_enable, then only the list user are allowed to use FTP, and the other Linux user who are not in that list are denied FTP access.
Add the below line to enable user list.
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.userlist
userlist_deny=NO
userlist_deny toggles the logic. When it is set to “YES”, users on the list are denied FTP access. When it is set to “NO”, only users on the list are allowed access.
Now add user to the userlist by executing this below command.
echo “tom” | sudo tee -a /etc/vsftpd.userlist
You can double-cheak that be the command.
cat /etc/vsftpd.userlist
Save and restart vsftpd:
NOW, save the file by pressing ctrl + x then y, enter.
Now, we need to restart the server for the changes to take effect:
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
Step 6: Preparing an FTP Directory
You can create more secure FTP by restricted users to a specific directory. We already done that by uncommented “chroot_local_user=YES” settings line. vsftpd Accomplishes this with chroot jails.
Because of the way vsftpd secures the directory, user can not write or upload anything to that directory. To, solve this problem we’re will create a ftp directory to serve as the chroot and a writeable files directory to hold the actual files.
Now, execute the following commands.
Execute this command to create a new directory
sudo mkdir /home/tom
sudo mkdir /home/tom/upload
Now remove write permissions with the following commands:
sudo chown nobody:nogroup /home/tom
sudo chmod a-w /home/tom
Let’s make the upload writeable.
sudo chmod tom:tom /home/tom/upload
Save and restart vsftpd:
NOW, save the file by pressing ctrl + x then y, enter.
Now, we need to restart the server for the changes to take effect:
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
Step 7: FTP/S or FTP over SSL setup (optional)
Generally FTP does not encrypt any data in transit. It means your data and credentials can be read by someone else. To provide that encryption we will enable TTL/SSL.
Before that let’s create an SSL certificate using OpenSSL. All google cloud Linux VMs come with pre-installed OpenSSL, so you don’t have to follow extra steps for installation.
Let’s generate the self signed SSL certificate files.
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem -out /etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem -subj '/CN=localhost'
This above command will create a 365 days valid self signed SSL cert files at /etc/ssl/private loacation.
Once you’ve created the certificates, open the vsftpd configuration file again:
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
Now, add the two lines.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/vsftpd.pem
Next, Enable SSL by changing the setting ‘no’ to ‘yes’ the line below.
ssl_enable=YES
After that, add thefollowing lines to explicitly deny anonymous connections over SSL and to require SSL for both data transfer and logins:
allow_anon_ssl=NO
force_local_data_ssl=YES
force_local_logins_ssl=YES
For, more robust security let,s enable TLS, by adding the following lines:
ssl_tlsv1=YES
ssl_sslv2=NO
ssl_sslv3=NO
Finally, we will add two more options. First, we will not require SSL reuse because it can break many FTP clients. We will require “high” encryption cipher suites, which currently means key lengths equal to or greater than 128 bits:
require_ssl_reuse=NO
ssl_ciphers=HIGH
NOW, save the file by pressing ctrl + x then y, enter
Now, we need to restart the server for the changes to take effect:
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
Step 8: Opening Ports in Google Cloud Firewall
In this step we’ll open some port in Google cloud Firewall. Without this you can not successfully connect to your FTP server.
On your Google Cloud dashboard and click the hamburger menu in the upper left-hand corner of the screen. Then scoll down to VPC network then click the Firewall rules.
After that, press the CREATE FIREWALL RULE button.
Now set the ‘Tagets’ to ‘All instances in the network’, then set the ‘Source IP ranges to 0.0.0.0/0. Lastly in the ‘Protocols and ports’ field, setect tcp and type the following ports and ports ranges -20,21,990,40000-50000 .
After that click the Create button to save the settings.
Step 9: Test and Connect
To connect to your Google cloud ftp server you need to set up an FTP client on your local computer. Though all web browser such as Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera etc support ftp but their feature are limited. That is why I recommand you to use FTP client application like Filezilla, Winscp, Cyberduck.
First, Open your Google cloud dashboard and copy your VM’s external IP address.
For the sake of this guide, I will use Filezilla Ftp client application.
Download filezilla by clicking here.
After you have installed Filezilla. Open it and navigate to File>> Site manager>> New site.
For, Connect as nomal FTP (without SSL):
Now, paste the external ip address on the Host field. Then select the Encryption as ‘Only use Ftp(insecure).
After that type your user name and password. Next, Press the Connect button.
For, Connect Ftp over SSL:
Now, paste the external ip address on the Host field. Then select the Encryption as ‘Use explicit FTP over TLS if available’.
After that type your user name and password. Next, Press the Connect button.
For, Connect as Anonymous:
To Connect as Anonymous user, paste your server external IP address on the host field, then select Anonymous from the Logon Type field. After that click the connect button.
Step 10: Open for all FTP server (optional)
Many times readers could or find exactly what they’re looking for in tutorials. In the previous steps you learn to create a Ftp server which is only accessible by Linux users or only ‘userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.userlist’ listed users and the readable and the writeable directoty are /home/tom and /home/tom/upload.
So, lets view some vsftpd.conf example which may be more suited for your requirement.
If you don’t want to restricted user to only /home/tom directory then add a # before the settings
#chroot_local_user=YES
Change the line to make / default directory.
local_root=/
Anonymous Login:
If you want to share a particular directory to everyone then uses those below line :
# Allow anonymous login
anonymous_enable=YES
# No password is required for an anonymous login (Optional)
no_anon_password=YES
# Maximum transfer rate for an anonymous client in Bytes/second (Optional)
anon_max_rate=30000
# Directory to be used for an anonymous login (Optional)
anon_root=/example/directory/
If you want to disable anonymous upload then add those lines:
anon_upload_enable=YES
And if you want your anonymous users to create directories, you will need:
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
Now it is your time!
I tried my best to provide you a complete tutorial on how to set up an FTP server on Google Cloud. I hope you liked it.
If you need help just drop a comment.
If you benefited from this tutorial, and would like to support my work, please like my Facebook page.
Thanks
1 thought on “Set up an FTP Server on Google Cloud Platform”
1. Nice tutorial, thank you.
One question, wen I try to connect using filezilla I get the following error: GnuTLS error -15: An unexpected TLS packet was received.
Do you have any idea why may that be happening?
Leave a Comment
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Lessons From Game Theory: What Keeps Kasich in the Race?
The 2016 Race The Republican establishment has a problem. It is headed for a car crash. With Jeb Bush out of the Republican presidential race, the two remaining mainstream candidates — Marco Rubio and John Kasich — are living out an issue studied for decades in game theory. Game theorists might call the G.O.P. predicament an anti-coordination game or even a volunteer’s dilemma. But most of us might call it by a more familiar name: chicken. Although Mr. Rubio is the obvious establishment favorite, leading Mr. Kasich in national polls, prediction markets and delegate math, the two are splitting some votes. To have his best chance against Donald Trump and Ted Cruz, Mr. Rubio needs Mr. Kasich to drop out. The longer both candidates remain in the race, the worse it is for both of them. It’s safe to assume neither would like to see Mr. Trump get the nomination. In “An Essay on Bargaining,” a classic paper from 1956, Thomas Schelling lays out several strategies that may be useful for both Mr. Kasich and Mr. Rubio. Here, we focus on three: commitment, promises and threats. As Richard Thaler, the behavioral economist at the University of Chicago, explained, the strategies can be applied to anything: health care, nuclear deterrence, the last piece of pizza. Mr. Kasich’s first option, of course, is to stay in the race. But he could go further, by committing to stay in no matter what. In a classic game of chicken between two drivers rushing headlong toward each other, this strategy is like removing your steering wheel, leaving you no choice but to drive straight toward your opponent. Mr. Kasich could defend this choice by pointing to his obstacle-strewn but possible path to the nomination. He might point out that only a tiny fraction of Republican delegates have been allocated; he might note that he could pick up many of Mr. Bush’s voters; he could hope for another robotic debate performance from Mr. Rubio or even an implosion from the Trump or Cruz campaigns. This series of events is unlikely, of course. It doesn’t matter how long Mr. Kasich actually intends to stay in the race. All that matters is whether Mr. Rubio believes he will do so. (If you’re going to remove your steering wheel, make sure the other driver sees you do it!) The more believable the commitment, the stronger his negotiating position for the far more effective strategy in brinkmanship games: cutting a deal. Side deals, bargains or promises are the way negotiations actually get done. In a 1984 paper on the private supply of a public good, the economists Christopher Bliss and Barry Nalebuff wrote that “binding agreements combined with side payments can always produce a superior outcome” to brinkmanship. Some deals are obvious; the best such deal would be a spot on the presidential ticket, which Mr. Rubio could offer Mr. Kasich in exchange for dropping out — provided he becomes the nominee, of course. (A simple Google search of “Rubio Kasich side deals” produces no shortage of opinions on the matter.) There are other potential promises. It might take the form of a concession on another matter — Mr. Rubio could promise to adopt or address some of Mr. Kasich’s issues, which would allow Mr. Kasich to end his campaign and claim a small victory. In the book “Prisoner’s Dilemma,” William Poundstone suggests that the best solution to a game of chicken is one that allows the losing party to give in while still “saving face.” He noted its role in bringing a peaceful end to the Cuban missile crisis. Regardless of the details, the quality of the deal depends on how much a Kasich exit matters to Mr. Rubio. The more crucial his exit, the stronger any promise is sure to be. There is a third strategy available to Mr. Kasich, which takes the form of threats. Here, Mr. Kasich might insist on a promise or concession from Mr. Rubio; if he doesn’t get it, he could threaten to support a different candidate, like Mr. Trump or Mr. Cruz. That move wouldn’t serve shared establishment interests, but if the threat had the potential to damage Mr. Rubio enough, it could be a useful bargaining chip. “Being crazy is a strategy, but only if your opponent actually believes it,” Mr. Thaler said. Of the three strategies described here, this seems least likely. Two external factors complicate this matter further. Part of the reason this dilemma exists in the first place is that mainstream Republicans lack the unity or influence to compel any cooperation. After the New Hampshire primary, one Republican likened the battle among mainstream candidates to a hockey fight: “The gloves are off and the refs can’t get in the middle of it.” That’s exactly right. If establishment Republicans had a clear, unimpeachable leader who was not a participant in the race, that person might be able to compel a candidate to drop out and support whomever the party determined to be strongest, allowing candidates who quit to save face by saying they did it for “the good of the party.” At the moment, no such leader exists for mainstream Republicans, resulting in a tragedy of the commons-like failure of collective action. Second, this is a game that’s played just once. The chance to be your party’s nominee for president comes along only every four or eight years, even for the very luckiest candidates. If the candidates lived in a universe in which they could run for president hundreds of times, they might agree that, on average, their shared interests were better served by cooperating. Once in a while, Mr. Kasich might try to win the contest outright against long odds, but, on average, he would probably agree that cooperating, including alternating victories, was the best way to serve his and Mr. Rubio’s shared interests. Game theory shows that in iterated dilemmas, played many hundreds or thousands of times, cooperation is a very stable strategy — one reason it is so common in nature. But this is not an iterated dilemma. It’s a one-time-only dilemma with a tremendous payoff for the winner. As much as Mr. Kasich might think about his legacy, the good of the party or even his own chances in 2020 or 2024, the future is very far away. Ultimately, they risk an outcome neither he nor Mr. Rubio wants. As Daniel Diermeier, the dean of the public policy school at the University of Chicago, notes, “A very important lesson of game theory is that sometimes the world is a grim place.” An Upshot article on Thursday about how game theory could explain the predicament faced by the candidates John Kasich and Marco Rubio in the Republican primary race misstated the subject of a 1984 paper by the economists Christopher Bliss and Barry Nalebuff. The paper was on the private supply of a public good, not the public supply of a private good.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Talk:List of video games set in London
New layout
I think that the layout of the page should be changed to be similar to the layout of List of video games set in New York City. I propose that the list should be split into two sections: "List of games which feature London" and "List of games which feature a fictional city closely based on London", and that the lists should be made into tables. This would allow the games to be sorted alphabetically by title, by the year of release, or by genre. The current system contains separate lists for each genre, which causes some difficulties as genre can be somewhat subjective, and many games fall into multiple categories. To help show the layout I have copied the first few entries of the tables below (note that the size of the tables has been changed slightly by making them collapsible). I think this system is better, but I wanted to check that no-one had any issues with it before going ahead with a major change. Please feel free to comment on the style, and let me know if there should be any changes to it. If there are no comments here, I'll go ahead and make the change in the next couple of days. Communal t (talk) 17:41, 12 June 2015 (UTC)
Games to consider?
Dirty Bomb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_Bomb_(video_game) is hugely set in LondonAndwan0 (talk) 10:36, 21 February 2017 (UTC)
Should Sunless Sea be included? It starts in 'Fallen London'.
|
WIKI
|
User:Phddocsb
William James Austin
William James Austin (1950 - ) is a New York City insipired poet who has authored five collections of poetry, essays, and "photopo": 1 UNDERWORLD 2 and 3 UNDERWORLD 4 (S Press); 5 UNDERWORLD 6, 7 UNDERWORLD 8: TRANSTEXTUAL and 9 UNDERWORLD 0: DESOLATION PARADISE (Koja Press); plus the book length monograph, A DECONSTRUCTION OF T. S. ELIOT: THE FIRE AND THE ROSE (Salzburg University Studies).
William James Austin's poetry, fiction, theoretical essays, book reviews, letters and visual art have appeared or been exhibited in The Paterson Literary Review, The American Book Review, Blaze, Louisiana Literature, The New Laurel Review, Xavier Review, Koja, Black October, The Small Press Review, BluR -- the Boston Literary Review, Masthead, The World Healing Book (a 9/11 anthology from Iceland), Fell Swoop, Appearances, A Shout in the Street (as Allen Ginsberg's B-side), The Tulane Literary Review, The Chronicle of the Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities, Scrambled Eggs, Timbuktu, Contemporary Jewish-American Dramatists and Poets (Greenwood Press), Spidertangle: The Book, Gallerichickenscratch, American Poetry (by Igor Satanovsky), Magazinnik (in Russian translation), The Contemporary Review, xStream, Here and Now (Boston Public Radio), eratio, Moria, Turntable and Blue Light, The Instanbul Literary Review, Caiete Internationale de Poezie (in Romanian translation), Origini (sponsored by the International Association of Romanian Writers and Artists, Inc.), The June 30th Manifesto (ed. John M. Bennett and Scott Helms, Luna Bisconte Productions), Black Zinnias (forthcoming -- sponsored by the California Institute of Arts and Letters), The Best of Generator Press (CD Rom), Le Cirque: The Soundtrack (CD), Fiera Lingue (the Italian journal of science and culture), the Durban Segnini Gallery (Miami), Gallery 324 (Cleveland), Tacheles (Berlin), the Fort Worth Art Center, and other venues. In Manhattan he has performed at the Poetry Project, Ear Inn, the Knitting Factory, the Bowery Club, KGB, and similar venues. In addition, and often in conjunction with the eclectic concert event, Cirque du Singe Brisé, he performs in cities and at universities throughout the USA northeast.
Austin's poetry has won a number of awards, including an AWP award, two nominations for the Pushcart Prize by Richard Kostelanetz and BLuR: The Boston Literary Review, a Here and Now (Boston Public Radio) award, and second place in the Allen Ginsberg Poetry Award competition. In 2001 he performed at the Ohio State University Avant-Garde Symposium. A Russian translation of his long poem, "aeneas in hell," was the subject of a session at the Stevens Institute of Technology Biennial Translation Conference in 2002. He has been filmed and/or interviewed for PBS, NTV, Boston/Cambridge local television, the Cervena Barva Press interview series, and for the Romanian journal, Caiete Internationale de Poezie. In addition, his poetry and poetics are featured on a series of postcards issued by Cervena Barva Press, and are the subject of several articles by two celebrated Romanian artists, scholars, critics and translators: Stefan Stoenescu and Mirela Roznoveanu. Professor Stoenescu is currently translating UNDERWOR(L)D: Selected Writings for book publication in Romania.
Along with Igor Satanovsky, Mike Magazinnik, Julia Solis, Bill Keith, Richard Kostelanetz, and a growing list of experimental Russian language writers, William James Austinf publishes with Koja Press which has been featured in a New York Times article, on BBC news, and on NTV.
William James Austin has composed music and lyrics for Lou Rawls, the fusion group: Hammer, a television sitcom, and other rock and jazz artists.
William James Austin received his Ph.D. on Fellowship from Tulane University in New Orleans, and is currently Associate Professor of English and Philosophy and the Artistic Director of the Visiting Writers Program at the State University of New York, Farmingdale.
|
WIKI
|
Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1893-1896
The Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1893-1896 was a turret mounted medium-caliber naval gun used as the primary armament of a number of armored cruisers of the French Navy during World War I.
Design
The mle 1893/1896 guns were typical built-up guns of the period with several layers of steel reinforcing hoops. The guns used an interrupted screw breech and fired separate loading bagged charges and projectiles.
Naval service
Ships that carried the Mle 1893-1896 include:
* Gloire-class cruiser - The primary armament of this class of five armored cruisers consisted of two, 194/40 guns, in single turrets, fore and aft.
* Gueydon-class cruiser - The primary armament of this class of three armored cruisers consisted of two, 194/40 guns, in single turrets, fore and aft.
* Léon Gambetta-class cruiser - The primary armament of this class of three armored cruisers consisted of four, 194/40 guns, in twin turrets, fore and aft.
* FRENCH CRUISER Jeanne d'Arc - The primary armament of this armored cruiser consisted of two, 194/40 guns, in single turrets, fore and aft.
* FRENCH CRUISER Pothuau - The primary armament of this armored cruiser consisted of two, 194/40 guns, in single turrets, fore and aft.
Ammunition
The Mle 1893-1896 used separate-loading ammunition with a bagged charge weighing 33.8 kg.
|
WIKI
|
User:Cljdeno/Books/nwi
Some My Favourite Things
* Language
* Representational state transfer
* Hypermedia
* HATEOAS
* SPARQL
* Web Ontology Language
* Semantic Web
* Clojure
* Software architecture
* Frame language
* Logic
* Description logic
* Inference
* Reasoning system
* Knowledge-based systems
* Expert system
* Inference engine
* Forward chaining
* Backward chaining
* Bayesian inference
* Bayes' theorem
* Bayes estimator
* Case-based reasoning
* Application
* Artificial neural network
* MarkLogic
* Scrum (software development)
* Comparison shopping website
* USwitch
|
WIKI
|
User:AbidullahAfif
Abidullah Afif (also known as "Afif Ahsan") is a young entrepreneur and freelancer software developer in Bangladesh.
For more info,
Visit: LinkedIn Profile or Website.
|
WIKI
|
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/EUO
The result was d elete. - Mailer Diablo 10:15, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
EUO
* – (View AfD) (View log)
Replacing second prod with AfD. Original prod reason was: ''No assertion of notability per WP:N / WP:ORG. No independent references (WP:V). Borderline db-advert''. Prod removed with no comment by anonymous user (although cleanup and reference tags were put up. Second prod had similar concerns. ) Marasmusine 11:42, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been added to the list of video game deletions. Marasmusine 11:45, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - No assertion of notability and no reliable sources to verify those claims. Again. DarkSaber2k 11:48, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
* Delete nn per WP:WEB. Yechiel Man 20:05, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. Sephiroth BCR (Converse) 03:02, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
* Comment - Three new external links have been added; Answers.com is just the wikipedia page anyway (and should be removed if the article is kept), Ultimadot and Ultima Proejct [sic] are directory listings. Marasmusine 21:08, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - if Wikipedia is all about destruction of information (ie censorship) then you might as well delete the article. But in 5 years when EUO is still around and bigger than Wikipedia, you guys will look like a bunch of simple minded bureaucrats when someone makes a new page on EUO. But in the meantime no body really cares. eggmceye, creator of EUO. — eggmceye (talk • contribs) has (surprise surprise) made no other edits outside this topic.
* So, to avoid looking simple-minded, we should have articles on everything that might become notable in the future but isn't at the moment? Marasmusine 07:12, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Massage Techniques: Effleurage
What is it?
One of the main strokes used in massage is effleurage and is derived from the French word “effleurer” which means ‘skim the surface, stroke lightly’.
Effleurage is carried out in a smooth, rhythmical and relaxed manner, beginning with light touch. It involves stroking movements of the hands sliding over the skin and is the first and last technique (as well as being used between other techniques) applied in a session.
Pressure is sustained throughout the stroke and is always toward the heart. This technique will build deeper pressure with slower movements for increased circulation and stretching of the tissues at a later stage in the session.
How Does It Help?
Effleurage performed slowly can stimulate relaxation. Effleurage stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system that releases positive hormones and increases temperature. The parasympathetic system is responsible for promoting relaxation and calmness after emotions such as stress. Effleurage relaxes the body and lowers the heart rate.
Effleurage helps reduce stress. Stress can be related to emotional or physical events in life such as work life, health or sporting performances. Massage can treat all types of stress. Effleurage promotes the body to relax so that stress is alleviated. Effleurage can increase mood by stimulating positive hormones and the parasympathetic nervous system.
KEY FACTS
• Introduce you to touch;
• Warm the superficial tissues;
• Relax the muscles;
• Allow the therapist to palpate (examine by touch) and sense the condition of the tissue;
• Stimulate the peripheral nerves
• Increase blood and lymph flow, thus aiding in the removal of waste products;
• Stretch tissues.
Similar Posts
Leave a Reply
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Telecom Stock Roundup: DIRECTV, Cablevision, Comcast Tops Q4 - Analyst Blog
Last week was a mixed one for the telecom sector. Cable multi-service operators Comcast Corp. ( CMCSA ) and Cablevision Systems Corp. ( CVC ) reported better-than-expected financial results for the fourth quarter of 2014. In spite of the stellar performance, Cablevision Systems lost a large number of video, high-speed data and voice customers while Comcast gained impressive numbers of high-speed data and voice customers along with a few video customers.
On the satellite TV front, DIRECTV reported robust financial numbers while DISH Network Corp. ( DISH ) reported mixed results. DIRECTV continues to gain massive subscribers in both the U.S. and Latin America while DISH lost a large number of customers in the fourth quarter. Meanwhile, leading rural local exchange carrier in the U.S., Windstream Holdings Inc. ( WIN ) also reported mixed financial results for the quarter. The company lost a large number of voice and high-speed Internet customers.
Recap of the Week's Most Important Stories
1. Comcast reported mixed financial results for the fourth quarter of 2014. The company's net earnings met the Zacks Consensus Estimate while total revenue outpaced the same. Quarterly adjusted earnings per share of 77 cents were exactly in line with the Zacks Consensus Estimate.
Total revenue stood at $17,732 million, up 4.8% year over year and also above the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $17,678 million. The company added a net of 375,000 High-Speed Internet customers compared with 379,000 in the year-ago quarter. Similarly, it gained 123,000 Voice customers against 227,000 in the prior-year quarter. It also gained 6,000 video subscribers compared with 46,000 in the year-ago quarter. (Read More: Comcast Q4 Earnings in Line, Revenues Beat Estimates .)
2. Cablevision Systems reported strong financial results in the fourth quarter of 2014 with both the top and the bottom line surpassing the respective Zacks Consensus Estimate. Fourth-quarter adjusted earnings per share of 20 cents were above the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 19 cents.
Total revenue in the fourth quarter came in at $1,631 million, up 3% year over year and also above the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $1,627 million. In the final quarter of 2014, the company lost 34,000 video subscribers, 4,000 high-speed data users and 11,000 voice customers. (Read More: Cablevision Beats Q4 Earnings and Revenue Estimates .)
3. DIRECTV posted fourth-quarter 2014 financial results wherein both its top and bottom line surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate. Quarterly earnings per share of $1.53, better than the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $1.39. Total revenue came in at $8,922 million, up 3.8% year over year and also ahead of the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $8,908 million.
In the U.S. segment, net subscriber additions were 149,000 compared with 93,000 in the year-ago quarter. In the Latin America segment, net subscriber additions were 118,000 compared with 231,000 in the year-ago quarter. (Read More: DIRECTV Tops Q4 Earnings, Revenues on Customer Gains .)
4. DISH Network declared mixed financial numbers for the fourth quarter of 2014 wherein earnings surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate while revenues missed the same. Quarterly earnings per share of 88 cents surpassed the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 43 cents. Quarterly total revenue stood at approximately $3,681.7 million, up 4% year over year but below the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $3,704 million.
At the end of the fourth quarter of 2014, DISH Network had approximately 13.978 million pay-TV subscribers against 14.057 million at the end of 2013. The company lost 63,000 pay-TV subscribers in the reported quarter compared with a net gain of 8,000 subscribers in the year-ago quarter. (Read More: DISH Network Beats Q4 Earnings, Lags Revenue Estimates .)
5. Windstream Holdings reported mixed financial results for the fourth quarter of 2014. Quarterly adjusted earnings per share of 3 cents were exactly in line with the Zacks Consensus Estimate. Pro forma revenues decreased 3% year over year to $1,443.1 million in the fourth quarter and also fell short of the Zacks Consensus Estimate of $1,456 million.
Total Service revenues fell 2% to $1.400.6 million while Product revenues declined 23% year-over-year to $42.5 million. In the reported quarter, Windstream lost 259,000 voice lines and 10,400 high-speed Internet customers. At the end of 2014, the company had 1.6146 million voice lines, 1.1316 million high-speed Internet customers and 0.3853 million digital TV customers. (Read More: Windstream Q4 Earnings Meet Estimate, Revenues Miss .)
Price Performance
The following table shows the price movement of major telecom players over the past week and the last six months.
Over the last five trading sessions, the share price movement of most of the major telecom stocks was mixed. T-Mobile US Inc. ( TMUS ) gained the maximum value whereas America Mobile SAB ( AMX ) lost the most. Meanwhile, over the last six months, the price performance of key telecom stocks was predominantly positive . DISH and China Mobile Ltd. ( CHL ) gained a considerable 19.98% and 13.43% respectively. Conversely, Sprint Corp. ( S ) lost 11.11% over the same time frame.
What's Next in the Telecom Sector?
On Feb 6, 2015, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chairman Mr. Tom Wheeler proposed new net neutrality laws which will classify high-speed broadband (Internet) as a public utility under Title II of the 1934 Communications Act instead of section 706 of the 1996 Telecom Act. The five-member regulatory body will vote on this proposal in the coming week. Investors will closely monitor the final outcome as the reclassification will allow the government to strongly regulate Internet Service Providers.
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days . Click to get this free report >>
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
SPRINT CORP (S): Free Stock Analysis Report
DISH NETWORK CP (DISH): Free Stock Analysis Report
AMER MOVIL-ADR (AMX): Free Stock Analysis Report
CABLEVISION SYS (CVC): Free Stock Analysis Report
WINDSTREAM HLDG (WIN): Free Stock Analysis Report
CHINA MOBLE-ADR (CHL): Free Stock Analysis Report
COMCAST CORP A (CMCSA): Free Stock Analysis Report
T-MOBILE US INC (TMUS): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
How do you count all the elements in a list Python?
How do you count all the elements in a list Python?
The most straightforward way to get the number of elements in a list is to use the Python built-in function len() . As the name function suggests, len() returns the length of the list, regardless of the types of elements in it.
How many elements can a Python list hold?
elements
Are sets ordered Python?
An ordered set is functionally a special case of an ordered dictionary. ... Thus, if one disregards the values in an ordered dictionary (e.g. by assigning them None ), then one has essentially an ordered set. As of Python 3.
How do you read multiple values in Python?
In C++/C user can take multiple inputs in one line using scanf but in Python user can take multiple values or inputs in one line by two methods. Using split() method : This function helps in getting a multiple inputs from user. It breaks the given input by the specified separator.
How do you call a function in Python?
Let us define a function by using the command " def func1():" and call the function. The output of the function will be "I am learning Python function". The function print func1() calls our def func1(): and print the command " I am learning Python function None." There are set of rules in Python to define a function.
How do you input multiple lists in Python?
Let's see how to accept Python list as an input without using the split() method.
1. First, create an empty list.
2. Next, accept a list size from the user (i.e., the number of elements in a list)
3. Run loop till the size of a list using a for loop and range() function.
4. use the input() function to receive a number from a user.
What does raw input do python?
raw_input() function is used to accept user input.It presents a prompt to the user , gets input from the user and returns the data input by the user in a string. It is available in Python 2. x only, and is renamed to input() from Python 3.
What is difference between input and raw input?
Basically, the difference between raw_input and input is that the return type of raw_input is always string, while the return type of input need not be string only. Python will judge as to what data type will it fit the best.
What is raw input?
Raw Input means it take the mouse movements directly, meaning no acceleration.
How do I get raw input in Python 3?
The raw_input() function reads a line from input (i.e. the user) and returns a string by stripping a trailing newline. This page shows some common and useful raw_input() examples for new users. Please note that raw_input() was renamed to input() in Python version 3. x.
What does input () do in Python?
The input() method reads a line from the input (usually from the user), converts the line into a string by removing the trailing newline, and returns it.
What is eval function in Python?
Python's eval() allows you to evaluate arbitrary Python expressions from a string-based or compiled-code-based input. This function can be handy when you're trying to dynamically evaluate Python expressions from any input that comes as a string or a compiled code object.
How do you input a string in Python 3?
Python 3 has a built-in function input() to accept user input. The input() function reads a line entered on a console by an input device such as a keyboard and convert it into a string and returns it.
Can we use Raw_input in Python 3?
raw_input() function It is a built-in function. The input function is used only in Python 2. x version. ... The raw_input() function is similar to input() function in Python 3.
What is Python correct?
Q 1 - Which of the following is correct about Python? A - Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language. ... C - It uses English keywords frequently where as other languages use punctuation, and it has fewer syntactical constructions than other languages.
How do you enter multiple values from one line in Python 3?
a) split () split( ) function helps us get multiple inputs from the user and assign them to the respective variables in one line. This function is generally used to separate a given string into several substrings. However, you can also use it for taking multiple inputs.
How do you split a string in Python?
Python String split() Method
1. Split a string into a list where each word is a list item: txt = "welcome to the jungle" ...
2. Split the string, using comma, followed by a space, as a separator: txt = "hello, my name is Peter, I am 26 years old" ...
3. Use a hash character as a separator: ...
4. Split the string into a list with max 2 items:
How do you add two numbers in Python?
Source Code:
1. # This program adds two numbers provided by the user.
2. # Store input numbers.
3. num1 = input('Enter first number: ')
4. num2 = input('Enter second number: ')
5. # Add two numbers.
6. sum = float(num1) + float(num2)
7. # Display the sum.
8. print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'. format(num1, num2, sum))
How do you sort a list in Python?
The sort() method sorts the list ascending by default. You can also make a function to decide the sorting criteria(s).
How do you compare two lists in Python?
Python sort() method and == operator to compare lists We can club the Python sort() method with the == operator to compare two lists. Python sort() method is used to sort the input lists with a purpose that if the two input lists are equal, then the elements would reside at the same index positions.
How do you sort a list by another list in Python?
Use zip() to sort a list based on another list. Call zip(*iterables) on the list to sort by and the list to sort, in that order. Call sorted(iterable) on the constructed zip object to create a sorted list of tuples representing pairings between the two lists.
How do I sort a list in Python 3?
Python 3 - List sort() Method
1. Description. The sort() method sorts objects of list, use compare function if given.
2. Syntax. Following is the syntax for sort() method − list.sort([func])
3. Parameters. NA.
4. Return Value. This method does not return any value; it simply sorts the contents of the given list.
5. Example. ...
6. Result.
Is Python list sort stable?
The sort is stable – if two items have the same key, their order will be preserved in the sorted list. The original items do not have to be comparable because the ordering of the decorated tuples will be determined by at most the first two items.
What is difference between sort and sorted in Python?
The primary difference between the list sort() function and the sorted() function is that the sort() function will modify the list it is called on. The sorted() function will create a new list containing a sorted version of the list it is given. ... The sort() function modifies the list in-place and has no return value.
How do you sort two lists in Python?
Use zip() and sorted() to sort two lists together
1. list1 = ["c", "b", "d", "a"]
2. list2 = [2, 3, 1, 4]
3. zipped_lists = zip(list1, list2)
4. sorted_pairs = sorted(zipped_lists)
5. tuples = zip(*sorted_pairs)
6. list1, list2 = [ list(tuple) for tuple in tuples]
7. print(list1)
8. print(list2)
How do I sort a list by another list?
zip, sort by the second column, return the first column. A quick one-liner. Say you want list a to match list b....Explained:
1. zip the two list s.
2. create a new, sorted list based on the zip using sorted() .
3. using a list comprehension extract the first elements of each pair from the sorted, zipped list .
How do you sort and merge two lists in Python?
Python Program to Merge Two Lists and Sort it
1. Take in the number of elements for the first list and store it in a variable.
2. Take in the elements of the list one by one.
3. Similarly, take in the elements for the second list also.
4. Merge both the lists using the '+' operator and then sort the list.
5. Display the elements in the sorted list.
6. Exit.
What is zip method in Python?
Python's zip() function creates an iterator that will aggregate elements from two or more iterables. You can use the resulting iterator to quickly and consistently solve common programming problems, like creating dictionaries.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Homebrew
The package manager for macOS
Tuesday, Apr 28, 2020
Homebrew
Getting Started
Installing brew Itself
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
Installing software with brew
Installing Programs
Use the search command to search for a program, and see if it exists on brew (it always does)
brew search wget
Use the install command to download a program
brew install wget
Installing Applications
Use the cask command to install applications directly onto your computer
brew cask install google-chrome
brew cask install microsoft-office
brew cask install java
Multiple Installations with 1 Command
brew install wget watch tree
What all has been installed?
To see a list of programs that were installed by brew, as well as their dependencies, use the list command
brew list
Dependencies
What does this program depend on?
See the dependencies for wget
brew deps wget
What depends on this program?
See all packages that depend on python3
brew uses python3 --installed
Warning: If you don’t specify --installed it will show you every application that uses this program, even ones you haven’t installed on your computer.
What can I uninstall?
List all programs that nothing depends on.
brew leaves
Uninstall a program
brew uninstall wget
Where are my programs & applications installed?
brew will symlink all of the files that you have installed to /usr/local/bin which is automatically part of your ${PATH} variable. Therefore, if you install wget then you can call it directly from your terminal, because the program will execute once it is found at /usr/local/bin/wget
You can get more information than that, however. For instance, the command below shows you where a file was installed
brew --prefix wget
/usr/local/opt/wget
Note that although the returned output is correct, it’s truly a symlink to the directory /usr/local/Cellar/wget/0.8.5
Where is brew itself installed?
brew is usually installed at /Users/username/Library/Caches/Homebrew. You can check for yourself by typing
brew --cache
The services Command
Sometimes you want to install an application that needs to run at launch, such as a server. For example, let’s install two common database servers, MongoDB and MySQL
# [Install MongoDB & MySQL]
brew install mongodb && brew install mysql
# [Brew service list]
brew services list
Using the services command, brew makes it easy to configure when you want the server to start.
View current server configurations
brew services list
Starting a server
# [Configure the server to always start at runtime]
brew services start mongodb
# [Start the server, but just this once]
brew services run mongodb
Stopping a server
brew services stop mongodb
{ .notice–warning} Note: This will also prevent it from starting automatically the next time you login. The next time you want it to start you’ll have to use one of the two commands above.
/usr/local/opt
If you try to install ruby with brew then you will notice it’s not in /usr/local/bin like most programs. The reason is because brew doesn’t want it to interfere with the native Mac OS version. Instead, it puts it in a different directory called /usr/local/opt. The directories inside of this folder are symlinks to the current version of the binary that’s installed. It adds a layer of protection, and makes sure that the version used is always the most current.
Making Your Own Homebrew Packages
So you want to distribute your tools to the masses, yes? Build something super cool that you’d like to share with others? Well luckily that’s pretty easy thing to do these days (once you know how). If you’ve been using brew to install packages, you’ve probably just been using one master nexus of formulae, known as Homebrew’s core tap.
Before we go further, I have to define some terms used in the Homebrew ecosystem:
Formula: A ruby file that outlines how a package is to be installed. Tap: A public repository containing Homebrew formulae. To have a tap named anything, the repository should be called homebrew-anything.
1. Make a tap repository on GitHub called homebrew-tap
1. Add a formula for what you want to have installed. As an example, I’m creating a formula called drain.rb. When this formula is used, it will add a command drain to your terminal, which allows you to free up ports that are currently in-use. It will also install the manual file, which can be seen by typing man drain after it is installed.
class Drain < Formula
desc "A command line tool to free up clogged ports"
# Every formula needs a homepage
homepage "https://github.com/austintraver/homebrew-tap/Packages/drain"
# This is the url pointing to where the file gets downloaded from
# in this case, it's `./Archive/drain-1.0.tgz` from the repository
url "https://github.com/austintraver/homebrew-tap/raw/master/Archive/drain-1.0.tgz"
sha256 "70d98fbe00ac67b8c3a19037c3e53db80b7cc048f60cd479bf74d1073a30463d"
version "1.0"
# Here is where you can list dependencies on other Homebrew packages
depends_on "coreutils"
depends_on "python"
# Bottle is currently not needed, (but explained in a section below)
bottle :unneeded
def install
# Add the command "drain" to /usr/local/bin
bin.install "bin/drain"
# Add the manual for drain to /usr/local/share/man/man1/drain.1
man.mkpath
man1.install "man/drain.1"
end
end
Bottles
Bottles are pre-compiled binary versions of packages. Installing a program via its bottle is much faster than compiling the files on your local machine. If you have a package that you would like to build a bottle for, you can follow along the following process.
In this example, we’re going to assume that you’ve created a formula that installs gcc on macOS, as gcc takes notoriously long to build locally (upwards of 45 minutes).
After the previous step, you’ll have a file gcc--9.2.catalina.bottle.tar.gz in your present working directory. Assuming you want to keep the bottle as part of your tap, put it in the folder ./homebrew-tap/Bottles/.
Warning: By default, the name of the bottle is a little off. You need to make sure there is exactly one hyphen - between the name of the formula and the formula’s version number.
Next, you’ll need to add the output from the bottling command to your recipe. The sha256 value represents the checksum of the archive you just created. You can verify that it matches the bottle file with sha -a 256 ./path/to/bottle.tar.gz
Next, we’ll need to actually add the file to the repository. Since this is a binary file, we shouldn’t perform a traditional git add as we would for a traditional file. We’ll be using the lfs subcommand for git. This is an extension of git supported by GitHub for large file storage. You can add it with brew install git-lfs or apt install git-lfs.
Warning: If you don’t include the --local flag, git-lfs will modify your global git configuration, which will cause Homebrew to throw errors when it is updating your tap. If you’ve already made the mistake, you can reverse it by entering the command git lfs uninstall followed by the command git lfs install --local
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Thrombosis
Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek "clotting") is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel (a vein or an artery) is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body under certain conditions. A clot, or a piece of the clot, that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known as an embolus.
Thrombosis may occur in veins (venous thrombosis) or in arteries (arterial thrombosis). Venous thrombosis (sometimes called DVT, deep vein thrombosis) leads to a blood clot in the affected part of the body, while arterial thrombosis (and, rarely, severe venous thrombosis) affects the blood supply and leads to damage of the tissue supplied by that artery (ischemia and necrosis). A piece of either an arterial or a venous thrombus can break off as an embolus, which could then travel through the circulation and lodge somewhere else as an embolism. This type of embolism is known as a thromboembolism. Complications can arise when a venous thromboembolism (commonly called a VTE) lodges in the lung as a pulmonary embolism. An arterial embolus may travel further down the affected blood vessel, where it can lodge as an embolism.
Signs and symptoms
Thrombosis is generally defined by the type of blood vessel affected (arterial or venous thrombosis) and the precise location of the blood vessel or the organ supplied by it.
Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot within a deep vein. It most commonly affects leg veins, such as the femoral vein. Three factors are important in the formation of a blood clot within a deep vein—these are the rate of blood flow, the thickness of the blood and qualities of the vessel wall. Classical signs of DVT include swelling, pain and redness of the affected area.
Paget-Schroetter disease
Paget-Schroetter disease or upper extremity DVT (UEDVT) is the obstruction of an arm vein (such as the axillary vein or subclavian vein) by a thrombus. The condition usually comes to light after vigorous exercise and usually presents in younger, otherwise healthy people. Men are affected more than women.
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Budd-Chiari syndrome is the blockage of a hepatic vein or of the hepatic part of the inferior vena cava. This form of thrombosis presents with abdominal pain, ascites and enlarged liver. Treatment varies between therapy and surgical intervention by the use of shunts.
Portal vein thrombosis
Portal vein thrombosis affects the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to portal hypertension and reduction of the blood supply to the liver. It usually happens in the setting of another disease such as pancreatitis, cirrhosis, diverticulitis or cholangiocarcinoma.
Renal vein thrombosis
Renal vein thrombosis is the obstruction of the renal vein by a thrombus. This tends to lead to reduced drainage from the kidney.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare form of stroke which results from the blockage of the dural venous sinuses by a thrombus. Symptoms may include headache, abnormal vision, any of the symptoms of stroke such as weakness of the face and limbs on one side of the body and seizures. The diagnosis is usually made with a CT or MRI scan. The majority of persons affected make a full recovery. The mortality rate is 4.3%.
Jugular vein thrombosis
Jugular vein thrombosis is a condition that may occur due to infection, intravenous drug use or malignancy. Jugular vein thrombosis can have a varying list of complications, including: systemic sepsis, pulmonary embolism, and papilledema. Though characterized by a sharp pain at the site of the vein, it can prove difficult to diagnose, because it can occur at random.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a specialised form of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, where there is thrombosis of the cavernous sinus of the basal skull dura, due to the retrograde spread of infection and endothelial damage from the danger triangle of the face. The facial veins in this area anastomose with the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins of the orbit, which drain directly posteriorly into the cavernous sinus through the superior orbital fissure. Staphyloccoal or Streptococcal infections of the face, for example nasal or upper lip pustules may thus spread directly into the cavernous sinus, causing stroke-like symptoms of double vision, squint, as well as spread of infection to cause meningitis.
Arterial thrombosis
Arterial thrombosis is the formation of a thrombus within an artery. In most cases, arterial thrombosis follows rupture of atheroma (a fat-rich deposit in the blood vessel wall), and is therefore referred to as atherothrombosis. Arterial embolism occurs when clots then migrate downstream and can affect any organ. Alternatively, arterial occlusion occurs as a consequence of embolism of blood clots originating from the heart ("cardiogenic" emboli). The most common cause is atrial fibrillation, which causes a blood stasis within the atria with easy thrombus formation, but blood clots can develop inside the heart for other reasons too as infective endocarditis.
Stroke
A stroke is the rapid decline of brain function due to a disturbance in the supply of blood to the brain. This can be due to ischemia, thrombus, embolus (a lodged particle) or hemorrhage (a bleed). In thrombotic stroke, a thrombus (blood clot) usually forms around atherosclerotic plaques. Since blockage of the artery is gradual, the onset of symptomatic thrombotic strokes is slower. Thrombotic stroke can be divided into two categories — large vessel disease or small vessel disease. The former affects vessels such as the internal carotids, vertebral and the circle of Willis. The latter can affect smaller vessels, such as the branches of the circle of Willis.
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, is caused by ischemia (restriction in the blood supply), which is often due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus. This restriction gives an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle which then results in tissue death (infarction). A lesion is then formed which is the infarct. MI can quickly become fatal if emergency medical treatment is not received promptly. If diagnosed within 12 hours of the initial episode (attack) then thrombolytic therapy is initiated.
Limb ischemia
An arterial thrombus or embolus can also form in the limbs, which can lead to acute limb ischemia.
Other sites
Hepatic artery thrombosis usually occurs as a devastating complication after liver transplantation.
Causes
Thrombosis prevention is initiated with assessing the risk for its development. Some people have a higher risk of developing thrombosis and its possible development into thromboembolism. Some of these risk factors are related to inflammation. "Virchow's triad" has been suggested to describe the three factors necessary for the formation of thrombosis: hemodynamic changes (blood stasis or turbulence), vessel wall {endothelial) injury/dysfunction, and altered blood coagulation (hypercoagulability). Some risk factors predispose for venous thrombosis while others increase the risk of arterial thrombosis. Newborn babies in the neonatal period are also at risk of a thromboembolism.
Pathogenesis
The main causes of thrombosis are given in Virchow's triad which lists thrombophilia, endothelial cell injury, and disturbed blood flow. Generally speaking the risk for thrombosis increases over the life course of individuals, depending on life style factors like smoking, diet, and physical activity, the presence of other diseases like cancer or autoimmune disease, while also platelet properties change in aging individuals which is an important consideration as well.
Hypercoagulability
Hypercoagulability or thrombophilia, is caused by, for example, genetic deficiencies or autoimmune disorders. Recent studies indicate that white blood cells play a pivotal role in deep vein thrombosis, mediating numerous pro-thrombotic actions.
Endothelial cell injury
Any inflammatory process, such as trauma, surgery or infection, can cause damage to the endothelial lining of the vessel's wall. The main mechanism is exposure of tissue factor to the blood coagulation system. Inflammatory and other stimuli (such as hypercholesterolemia) can lead to changes in gene expression in endothelium producing to a pro-thrombotic state. When this occurs, endothelial cells downregulate substances such as thrombomodulin, which is a key modulator of thrombin activity. The result is a sustained activation of thrombin and reduced production of protein C and tissue factor inhibitor, which furthers the pro-thrombotic state.
Endothelial injury is almost invariably involved in the formation of thrombi in arteries, as high rates of blood flow normally hinder clot formation. In addition, arterial and cardiac clots are normally rich in platelets–which are required for clot formation in areas under high stress due to blood flow.
Disturbed blood flow
Causes of disturbed blood flow include stagnation of blood flow past the point of injury, or venous stasis which may occur in heart failure, or after long periods of sedentary behaviour, such as sitting on a long airplane flight. Also, atrial fibrillation, causes stagnant blood in the left atrium (LA), or left atrial appendage (LAA), and can lead to a thromboembolism. Cancers or malignancies such as leukemia may cause increased risk of thrombosis by possible activation of the coagulation system by cancer cells or secretion of procoagulant substances (paraneoplastic syndrome), by external compression on a blood vessel when a solid tumor is present, or (more rarely) extension into the vasculature (for example, renal cell cancers extending into the renal veins). Also, treatments for cancer (radiation, chemotherapy) often cause additional hypercoagulability. There are scores that correlate different aspects of patient data (comorbidities, vital signs, and others) to risk of thrombosis, such as the POMPE-C, which stratifies risk of mortality due to pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer, who typically have higher rates of thrombosis. Also, there are several predictive scores for thromboembolic events, such as Padua, Khorana, and ThroLy score.
Natural history
Fibrinolysis is the physiological breakdown of blood clots by enzymes such as plasmin.
Organisation: following the thrombotic event, residual vascular thrombus will be re-organised histologically with several possible outcomes. For an occlusive thrombus (defined as thrombosis within a small vessel that leads to complete occlusion), wound healing will reorganise the occlusive thrombus into collagenous scar tissue, where the scar tissue will either permanently obstruct the vessel, or contract down with myofibroblastic activity to unblock the lumen. For a mural thrombus (defined as a thrombus in a large vessel that restricts the blood flow but does not occlude completely), histological reorganisation of the thrombus does not occur via the classic wound healing mechanism. Instead, the platelet-derived growth factor degranulated by the clotted platelets will attract a layer of smooth muscle cells to cover the clot, and this layer of mural smooth muscle will be vascularised by the blood inside the vessel lumen rather than by the vasa vasorum.
Ischemia/infarction: if an arterial thrombus cannot be lysed by the body and it does not embolise, and if the thrombus is large enough to impair or occlude blood flow in the involved artery, then local ischemia or infarction will result. A venous thrombus may or may not be ischemic, since veins distribute deoxygenated blood that is less vital for cellular metabolism. Nevertheless, non-ischemic venous thrombosis may still be problematic, due to the swelling caused by blockage to venous drainage. In deep vein thrombosis this manifests as pain, redness, and swelling; in retinal vein occlusion this may result in macular oedema and visual acuity impairment, which if severe enough can lead to blindness.
Embolization
A thrombus may become detached and enter circulation as an embolus, finally lodging in and completely obstructing a blood vessel, which unless treated very quickly will lead to tissue necrosis (an infarction) in the area past the occlusion. Venous thrombosis can lead to pulmonary embolism when the migrated embolus becomes lodged in the lung. In people with a "shunt" (a connection between the pulmonary and systemic circulation), either in the heart or in the lung, a venous clot can also end up in the arteries and cause arterial embolism.
Arterial embolism can lead to obstruction of blood flow through the blood vessel that is obstructed by it, and a lack of oxygen and nutrients (ischemia) of the downstream tissue. The tissue can become irreversibly damaged, a process known as necrosis. This can affect any organ; for instance, arterial embolism of the brain is one of the causes of stroke.
Prevention
The use of heparin following surgery is common if there are no issues with bleeding. Generally, a risk-benefit analysis is required, as all anticoagulants lead to an increased risk of bleeding. In people admitted to hospital, thrombosis is a major cause for complications and occasionally death. In the UK, for instance, the Parliamentary Health Select Committee heard in 2005 that the annual rate of death due to thrombosis was 25,000, with at least 50% of these being hospital-acquired. Hence thromboprophylaxis (prevention of thrombosis) is increasingly emphasized. In patients admitted for surgery, graded compression stockings are widely used, and in severe illness, prolonged immobility and in all orthopedic surgery, professional guidelines recommend low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) administration, mechanical calf compression or (if all else is contraindicated and the patient has recently developed deep vein thrombosis) the insertion of a vena cava filter. In patients with medical rather than surgical illness, LMWH too is known to prevent thrombosis, and in the United Kingdom the Chief Medical Officer has issued guidance to the effect that preventative measures should be used in medical patients, in anticipation of formal guidelines.
Treatment
The treatment for thrombosis depends on whether it is in a vein or an artery, the impact on the person, and the risk of complications from treatment.
Anticoagulation
Warfarin and vitamin K antagonists are anticoagulants that can be taken orally to reduce thromboembolic occurrence. Where a more effective response is required, heparin can be given (by injection) concomitantly. As a side effect of any anticoagulant, the risk of bleeding is increased, so the international normalized ratio of blood is monitored. Self-monitoring and self-management are safe options for competent patients, though their practice varies. In Germany, about 20% of patients were self-managed while only 1% of U.S. patients did home self-testing (according to one 2012 study). Other medications such as direct thrombin inhibitors and direct Xa inhibitors are increasingly being used instead of warfarin.
Thrombolysis
Thrombolysis is the pharmacological destruction of blood clots by administering thrombolytic drugs including recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, which enhances the normal destruction of blood clots by the body's enzymes. This carries an increased risk of bleeding so is generally only used for specific situations (such as severe stroke or a massive pulmonary embolism).
Surgery
Arterial thrombosis may require surgery if it causes acute limb ischemia.
Endovascular treatment
Mechanical clot retrieval and catheter-guided thrombolysis are used in certain situations.
Antiplatelet agents
Arterial thrombosis is platelet-rich, and inhibition of platelet aggregation with antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin may reduce the risk of recurrence or progression.
Targeting ischemia/reperfusion injury
With reperfusion comes ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI), which paradoxically causes cell death in reperfused tissue and contributes significantly to post-reperfusion mortality and morbidity. For example, in a feline model of intestinal ischemia, four hours of ischemia resulted in less injury than three hours of ischemia followed by one hour of reperfusion. In ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), IRI contributes up to 50% of final infarct size despite timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention. This is a key reason for the continued high mortality and morbidity in these conditions, despite endovascular reperfusion treatments and continuous efforts to improve timeliness and access to these treatments. Hence, protective therapies are required to attenuate IRI alongside reperfusion in acute ischemic conditions to improve clinical outcomes. Therapeutic strategies that have potential to improve clinical outcomes in reperfused STEMI patients include remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), exenatide, and metoprolol. These have emerged amongst a multitude of cardioprotective interventions investigated with largely neutral clinical data. Of these, RIC has the most robust clinical evidence, especially in the context of STEMI, but also emerging for other indications such as acute ischemic stroke and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Neonatal thrombosis
Treatment options for full-term and preterm babies who develop thromboembolism include expectant management (with careful observation), nitroglycerin ointment, pharmacological therapy (thrombolytics and/or anticoagulants), and surgery. The evidence supporting these treatment approaches is weak. For anticoagulant treatment, it is not clear if unfractionated and/or low molecular weight heparin treatment is effective at decreasing mortality and serious adverse events in this population. There is also insufficient evidence to understand the risk of adverse effects associated with these treatment approaches in term or preterm infants.
|
WIKI
|
Robert Leiper
Robert Leiper (born 30 August 1961) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Essex. He was born in Woodford Green.
Leiper made three Youth Test appearances for England Young Cricketers in 1980, scoring an average of 17 from six innings. The following year, he was signed by Essex, and made his first of two first-class appearances during the 1981 season, against a team of touring Australians. Despite making just one run in his first innings, he scored 49 in his second, backed up by Alan Lilley. His second and final first-class appearance came during the 1982 County Championship, in a game against Surrey. Leiper made just three runs in this game, being caught out by Alan Butcher in the second innings for a duck.
Leiper was an upper-order batsman during his short – and contrasting – first-class career. Leiper's father, Jack, made two first-class appearances during 1950 – and in fact had very similar career statistics to his son.
|
WIKI
|
Richard L. Peterson
Richard L. Peterson is an American behavioral economist and psychiatrist. He has developed behavioral finance-based quantitative models, imaged the brains of subjects play-trading, and is a frequent writer about social media sentiment. Peterson developed text mining software to identify and quantify economically predictive sentiments, and speaks widely in the areas of behavioral finance and social media analytics.
Life
Peterson graduated from the University of Texas, with a BS cum laude in Electrical Engineering, a BA, and Doctor of Medicine degrees (M.D.). He performed postdoctoral neuroeconomics research at Stanford University, and is Board-certified in Psychiatry.
He founded and runs the sentiment analysis firm MarketPsych Data and ran the psychology-based quantitative asset management firm MarketPsy Capital. In the educational field he developed financial personality tests, published in academic journals and textbooks, and is an associate editor of the Journal of Behavioral Finance. In 2007, Peterson wrote the book Inside the Investor's Brain (Wiley), which translated behavioral finance concepts from academia to a lay audience. The book aggregated and reviewed research indicating that innate neurological influences predictably bias individual investor behavior. In 2016 he published Trading on Sentiment (Wiley), which explained quantitative research on media themes and sentiments that appear to drive asset prices in predictable patterns.
He lives in California with his family.
Media
Peterson has appeared in CBS Evening News, CNBC, NPR, BBC, Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, and Harvard Business Review, and he was called "Wall Street's Top Psychiatrist" by the Associated Press.
Academic journal articles
* Peterson R. (2007). "Affect and Financial Decision Making: How neuroscience can inform market participants." Journal of Behavioral Finance, v8, n2.
* Peterson R. (2005). "Investing Lessons from Neuroscience: fMRI of the reward system." Brain Research Bulletin. v67, n5, 391-397.
* Knutson B, Taylor J, Kaufman M, Peterson R, Glover G. (2005). "Distributed Neural Representation of Expected Value." Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 4806-4812.
* Knutson B & Peterson, R. (2005). "Neurally reconstructing expected utility." Games and Economic Behavior. 52, 305-315.
* Peterson, R. (2002). "'Buy on the Rumor:' Anticipatory affect and investor behavior." Journal of Psychology and Financial Markets, v3, n4.
Textbook chapters
* Teodoro, T. Q., Clark-Bell, J., & Peterson, R. L. (2023). "ESG Controversies and Stock Returns." In Handbook of Alternative Data in Finance, Volume I (pp. 350-366). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
* Teodoro, T. Q., Clark-Bell, J., & Peterson, R. L. (2023). "Defining Market States with Media Sentiment." In Handbook of Alternative Data in Finance, Volume I (pp. 267-278). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
* Luciani, A., Liu, C., & Peterson, R. (2022). Media Sentiment Momentum. In Handbook of Alternative Data in Finance, Volume I (pp. 247-266). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
* Peterson, R. (2016). "The Psychology of Markets: Information processing and the impact on asset prices." Handbook of Sentiment Analysis in Finance. pp 263-285. Eds. Gautam Mitra and Xiang Yu. Albury Books.
* Liu, C., & Peterson, R. (2016). "Currency Sentiment Analysis." Handbook of Sentiment Analysis in Finance. pp 422-431. Eds. Gautam Mitra and Xiang Yu. Albury Books.
* Fafula, A., & Peterson, R. (2016). "Predicting Global Economic Activity with Media Analytics." Handbook of Sentiment Analysis in Finance. pp 366-381. Eds. Gautam Mitra and Xiang Yu. Albury Books.
* Peterson R. (2014). "Neurofinance." Chapter 23 of Behavioral Finance. Eds. Baker and Ricciardi. John Wiley & Sons: New York.
* Peterson R. (2010). "Neuroeconomics and Neurofinance." Chapter 5 of Behavioral Finance: Investors, Corporations, and Markets. Eds. Baker and Nofsinger. John Wiley & Sons: New York.
* Peterson, R. (2006). "Buy on the Rumor" and "Sell on the news." In M. K. Ong (Ed.), Risk management (pp. 677-698). Academic Press.
Books
* Trading on Sentiment: The Power of Minds over Markets. Wiley, John & Sons: New York, March 2016, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>760
* MarketPsych: How to Manage Fear and Build Your Investor Identity, Wiley, John & Sons, September 2010, ISBN 978-0-470-54358-0
* Inside the Investor's Brain: The Power of Mind over Money, Wiley, John & Sons, July 2007, ISBN 978-0-470-06737-6
|
WIKI
|
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Axel Hultgren
The result was keep__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__. Star Mississippi 16:06, 9 June 2024 (UTC)
Axel Hultgren
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
He was no doubt a metallurgist, and I see that he wrote about metallurgy, but I do not see a lot of reliable secondary sources that would constitute significant coverage. Fred Zepelin (talk) 16:46, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Science-related deletion discussions. Fred Zepelin (talk) 16:46, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Academics and educators and Sweden. WC Quidditch ☎ ✎ 17:46, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
* Keep the subject was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1930 and of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1945 so passes criterion 3 of WP:NPROF. Mccapra (talk) 18:21, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
* Keep. In addition to the four pages in Jernkontorets Annaler referenced in the English article, Swedish Wikipedia references an entry in Vem är vem inom handel och industri?: 1944–1945, so that would be a couple of different sources having significant coverage. /Julle (talk) 20:53, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
* Keep. As a third source for WP:GNG we have this clipping from a Swedish mining guild, Sancte Örjens gille. And the two academy memberships give a double pass to WP:PROF. —David Eppstein (talk) 21:27, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
* Keep - Third party sources. WP:GN applies as well.BabbaQ (talk) 23:33, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
* Keep per Mccapra AlexandraAVX (talk) 09:10, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
* Keep: I agree there were no source but since the article define itself, the nominator may have bypassed WP:BEFORE. An elected member of a notable society meets WP:ANYBIO and as such, there is possibility of meeting WP:GNG and sources. Clean up is the best way of cleaning such articles. Safari Scribe Edits! Talk! 11:33, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
* Keep: Per Julle -- Robertjamal12 ~🔔 17:48, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Wikipedia:Moving a page
On Wikipedia, a page can usually be renamed if the already existing title is incorrect or needs to be changed; this is called moving a page. A page may also be moved to another namespace without changing the base title—for example, a userspace draft may be moved to article space. Autoconfirmed rights are required for page moving, but you may request a page move at Requested moves if you are not yet autoconfirmed, if there is a technical barrier to the move, or if the retitling is expected to be controversial and you need to seek consensus for the name change.
Files (images and media) can be moved only by Wikipedia administrators and file movers, but moves can be requested.
Category moves should be investigated and planned before they are initiated. Please post requests for category moves at Categories for discussion if you are, or expect to be, unable to complete the process.
Do not move or rename a page by cutting and pasting its content, because doing so fragments the edit history. Instead, please follow the instructions given below.
Reasons for moving a page
There are many reasons why you might wish to move a page:
* The title does not follow Wikipedia's naming conventions, such as that it is not the common name of the subject or it is overprecise.
* The name of the subject of the article has been changed and the new name has come into majority use.
* The title has been misspelled, does not contain standard capitalization or punctuation, or is misleading or inaccurate.
* It needs to be disambiguated in some way to avoid confusion with an existing, similarly named topic, or it exists at a disambiguated name but should not because it is the primary topic.
* It is an article at a descriptive name and the scope of the article has been reduced, extended or otherwise changed.
* It is an article that has been created as a subpage of a Wikipedian's user or user talk space for development purposes and it is ready to be posted to the mainspace or to draft space.
* It is a draft article that has been created or edited in draft space for development purposes and it is ready to be posted to the mainspace.
Technical restrictions
Technical restrictions prevent the storage of titles beginning with a lowercase letter, containing certain characters, and using formatting such as italics. Templates which may be used as workarounds include:
Before moving a page
Consider listing pages that you want to have renamed/moved at Requested moves. List them at Requested moves/Technical requests if it appears unlikely that anyone would reasonably disagree with the move, and:
* You are unable to move the page because your account is too new (the account must be autoconfirmed)
* You are unable to move the page because the target page exists
* The page is protected from moves
* The target page is protected from creation
For other cases, follow the instructions for controversial and potentially controversial moves:
* If you believe the move might be controversial
* If you are unsure about the best page name, despite reading Wikipedia:Article naming guidelines
* If you believe your proposed move would benefit from wider community input
Do not move or rename a page by copying/pasting its content, because doing so fragments the edit history. (Wikipedia's copyright license requires acknowledgement of all contributors, and editors continue to hold copyright on their contributions unless they specifically give up this right. Hence, it is required that edit histories be preserved for all major contributions until the normal copyright expires. See also Copying within Wikipedia.)
If you find a cut-and-paste move that needs to be fixed, please follow the instructions at Requests for history merge to have an administrator take care of the problem.
If you need technical help in a simple page move situation which is blocked by history at the target of the move, list the page at Requested moves/Technical requests following the listing procedure outlined there.
How to move a page
To be able to move pages yourself, you must be logged in and you must have an autoconfirmed account (i.e., generally you must have had the account for four days and made at least ten article edits with it). Moreover, the move will fail if a page already exists at the target name, unless it is simply a redirect to the present name that has never been modified, in which case you can move over the redirect (check the edit history). If you cannot move a page yourself because of a technical restriction, and you expect the move to be uncontroversial, you can list it at the technical section of requested moves. Otherwise, you can make your request at its section for controversial and potentially controversial moves.
To move a page:
* 1) Go to the page that you want to move. There is no need to click "Edit".
* 2) Locate the "Move" option at the top of the page.
* 3) *Most users will find the "Move" option in a drop-down menu at the top right of the screen, labelled "More", after "History" and the "Watchlist" star (see picture). It may be under a menu labelled "Page" if you have enabled "MoreMenu" at Special:Preferences.
* 4) *The layout of the screen will be different if you have selected a "skin" other than the default Vector in your preferences. In the Monobook skin, it is a tab at the top.
* 5) *If there is no "move" link at the top of the page at all, the page is most likely protected from moving. Ask for the page to be moved at the technical move request page.
* 6) Click the "Move" option, and fill in the details of your move.
* 7) *If the page is for the main encyclopedia, choose "(Article)" from the drop-down box. Otherwise choose the appropriate namespace prefix.
* 8) *To the right of the text box, enter the new name of the page as the "New title".
* 9) *Give a reason for the move (which is like an edit summary). Although filling out the "Reason" field isn't required, you should state a reason for the page move.
* 10) *Choose whether to also move the page's talk page (this box should usually be left checked). This box is not present if the page has no talk page.
* 11) When ready, click the Move page button and, if successful, the page will be renamed to the new title. The old title will become a redirect page, so any links to the old title will still go to the new page. However, note that double redirects (pages that redirect to the original page), will not automatically follow to the new page, so you will have to refer them manually (as explained at How to fix a double redirect and Checking for double redirects).
* 12) A successful page move will be recorded in the Move Log (against the old page name) and a "move has succeeded" message will be displayed, on a page looking like this: MediaWiki:Movepage-moved.
* 13) *If the old page was protected, its protection settings will be generally automatically copied to the new page, and thus be recorded in the Protection Log (against the new page name). If Pending changes was enabled, the settings will be moved but they will not be logged against the new page title.
How to move a category
Most users lack permission to move pages in the category namespace. ("Only administrators, page movers, and bots can move Category pages.") (Conveniently, the Move button is not displayed.)
To request the move, follow the procedure at.
For those permitted to move categories
It is recommended to follow the procedure at, and let a bot handle it, especially for complex cases.
Moving a category manually is possible, but it requires significant post-move cleanup, and can be time-consuming. A category move is not complete until the old category contains only the soft redirect and no pages.
To move a category manually:
* 1) Move the category page (description wiki markup).
* 2) Change all of its subcategories. (Change the category of each subcategory to the new category.)
* 3) Change every page that is listed in the old category to the new category:
* 4) *Change the category on every page where it is explicitly specified. (This could be hundreds or thousands of pages.)
* 5) *Change the template code for every template that assigns pages to the old category.
* 6) **It may be necessary to purge (or perform a null edit on) every page that uses the template(s).
When pages are listed in a category that is not shown in the wiki-markup, this most likely means that a template placed on those pages is adding the category. When the category is moved, the template must also be changed. After the template is updated with the new category, the pages with the template are automatically placed into the job queue and will eventually be updated with the new category. If there are a very large number of pages transcluding the template(s), the process of updating all pages through the job queue may take days, weeks, or even months to complete. Protected pages or templates may require elevated privileges to accomplish the change. In such cases, the normal protected edit request process should be followed. Depending on the number of templates and articles that require elevated privileges to edit them, it may be more appropriate to involve an administrator from the beginning of the process (see Categories for discussion).
Post-move cleanup
After successfully moving a page, you should be prepared to perform any of the possibly resulting clean up tasks described at WP:POSTMOVE. Some of the most commonly required tasks are:
* Updating the article prose (including the first sentence) to use the new name
* Updating any navigational templates to link directly to the new title, rather than via a redirect
* Fixing any mistargeted wikilinks resulting from the move (only required for certain moves, such as when an article's title is usurped by a disambiguation page)
Page histories
The "move page" function keeps the entire edit history of the page before and after the move in one place, as if the page had always been named that way.
The move itself is recorded in the edit histories of both pages. This feature was introduced in MediaWiki 1.5 in 2005. It does not work retroactively, so older moves are only recorded indirectly, in the page history of the old page name.
You should never just move a page by cutting all the text out of one page, and pasting it into a new one; old revisions, notes, and attributions are much harder to keep track of if you do that. (But you may have to if, for instance, you're splitting a page into multiple topics. If you do, please include a note in the new page's edit summary and talk page stating where you took the text from.) Also see below.
Moving redirect pages
A page that is a redirect can be moved like any other page, although it is rarely useful because it has the same detrimental effect on page history as copy-pasting content to a new page, and making the old page a redirect: when moving a redirect page to a new page name, the redirect on the old page (now directing to the new redirect page) will have to be altered in order to avoid double redirects. So the content of the old page will no longer redirect to the page containing the history of that old page. The effect is that the whereabouts of the page history of the old page (now seemingly a "recently created page") are a bit trickier to find, while on the other hand the new page has a history attached to it not clarifying why it would need to be a redirect page. However, if a redirect page has to be evacuated (for example, to reuse its title), but contains a valuable edit history, then it should be moved (unless merging of history is suitable).
If a redirect page does not redirect to the page it would need to be redirecting to, then the only viable strategy that respects page histories is to adapt the redirect on that page, without moving the page.
Moves where the target name has an existing page
Non-administrators cannot complete a move where the target page exists (except sometimes over a redirect). If the user is not a page mover, moving the existing page out of the way will not help, as it leaves behind a redirect which cannot be overwritten either. Administrators can delete a page and move another page to the deleted name, in one step. Page movers can move the target page to a new location without leaving a redirect, move the intended page to the target page, and optionally request deletion of the moved page.
If the new title already exists and isn't just a redirect to the old title, with no history, and you are not an administrator, the wiki will tell you that you can't rename the page. If this happens, list the move at Requested moves, or (if the replacement of the existing page merits further discussion) nominate the existing page for deletion (typically via Articles for deletion).
Moving over a redirect
If the new title exists but is a redirect to the old title with a single line in the page history, then you can rename the page using the regular procedure. The most common case in which this applies is that of re-renaming a page back to its original name.
If a redirect has more than just one line in the page history but still a minor edit history, file a technical move request at Requested moves/Technical requests.
Technical restrictions
Before the release of MediaWiki 1.28/wmf.16 in August 2016, information about a redirect overwritten by a moved page was lost. Starting with that version, deletion of the redirect has been added to the deletion log; this is the only way that non-administrators can get entries in the deletion log. If the deletion was the result of an earlier move of the page that is now moved back, that information is still available in the history of that page.
More moves back and forth are possible, and the page history of the current title always shows all moves, and that of the other title only contains the edit line of the latest move. Pages moved before MediaWiki 1.5 do not have an entry in the page move log, so only the latest page move prior to MediaWiki 1.5 is recorded. The oldest moves recorded in the move log date to June 28, 2005.
There was a bug in earlier versions of MediaWiki that caused inaccurate dates in edit histories. In these versions of the software, if a page was moved over a redirect, the edit history of the newly created redirect would show the latest move with the correct user name, but with the date and time when the overwritten redirect was created. The date and time of the actual page move was therefore lost (though it appeared in the recent changes list). See this comment at Talk:PETA for a demonstration of this bug.
Usurping a page title
Usurping a page title is the process of moving an existing page to a new title followed by creating a new page (such as a new article or a disambiguation page) on the old title, or redirecting the old title to a different destination.
Once the move of the original page is completed, the old title instantly becomes a redirect, and the redirect can then be edited to become a separate, possibly unrelated article, disambiguation page, or some other type of page.
It is permitted to usurp a page title for a new article, and it generally does not require administrative assistance, though good judgment should be used in determining if these are best positions for both the old and the new page.
If in doubt, holding a discussion before such a move following the instructions on the requested moves page is recommended. If you wish to create the new page initially before a decision is made from a discussion, you can create it using a different, unused title for the new page you wish to create, and then usurp the title once this is agreed.
If you do decide to boldly usurp a title, it is strongly recommended that you check all incoming links and fix them as necessary. To do this, while on the new page bearing the old title, click on "What links here" below "Tools" in the menu on the left. This will list all the pages linking to the old title. Once you reach this list, check the incoming links on each of these pages and if necessary, modify them to point to the new title of the old page. For more information, see Help:What links here and Disambiguation pages with links.
If there are so many pages linking to the old title that you feel you cannot make all the changes yourself, place the template converted at the top of the new page you created on the old title. This will let others know that the move was recently made, and that all these changes are necessary.
Move restrictions
Unregistered users and new users who are not yet autoconfirmed cannot move any pages. With a few exceptions, autoconfirmed users have the technical ability to move any page.
Move-protected pages
Administrators can protect pages from moves, so that only administrators can move them. If a page is protected from moves only, the "Move this page" link will not be available. In this case, you can ask that an administrator move it for you, but you should not manually move the page by copying the contents to the new page and redirecting the old page to the new page, as this destroys the page history.
Pages that are protected from editing are implicitly protected from moves.
Moving a file page
Administrators or file movers can move pages in the file namespace. When such a page is moved the associated file is moved as well. The move leaves a redirect that functions like the file itself. For instance, the image can be displayed by linking to a redirect to it. In non-controversial cases you can request a file to be moved by adding the template rename media to the description page of the file. Files should generally only be moved for one of nine reasons.
Files uploaded to Wikimedia Commons cannot be renamed by Wikipedia administrators or filemovers. c:Commons:File naming describes how Commons files should be named. In general, Commons aims to provide stable file names as there might be external file clients and file moving involves significant human and computing resources. Thus renaming should be used with caution. To request the rename of a file at Commons, follow the instructions at Commons:File renaming.
To rename a file:
* 1) Ensure the file meets one of the nine reasons
* 2) Place on the page of the file and a file mover or administrator will move the file if it conforms to the guidelines.
You can also use a script to add the rename request. Twinkle (a Swiss Army knife of maintenance tagging) or LuckyRename (specialized for this job) can do this. For more information about appropriate names for pages in the file namespace, see File names.
Other notes
Avoid moving a page while the edit box of the corresponding Talk page is open: when you hit "Publish changes" you overwrite the redirect to the new talk page (you do not get the usual warning that the page has been edited while your edit box was open) and get a duplication of the contents of the talk page, with your latest addition added to the old instead of the new one.
It is useful to copy the text "moved page ... to ..." (part of the automatic move summary) to the new talk page, especially if there has been discussion about the name of the page.
Moving a page shows up in Recent Changes under "Move log", which links to a log of all moves. It also shows up on the watchlist if the page is watched; after the move both the old and the new name are watched.
Talk subpages
When moving a page, the talk page is automatically moved as well. A talk page may include subpages, such as archives, to-do pages, good article nominations, and the like. To ensure that these subpages are moved, check "Move all subpages, if applicable" during the move process. This ability is granted to administrators and page movers. A list of talk page subpages is visible in the "Special:MovePage" form.
If subpages were not moved, they will show as redlinks on the new talk page. To locate lost subpages, use Special:Prefixindex; enter the name of the old article page followed by a "/" and set the namespace to Talk. Move individual subpages as needed.
On some occasions, one might inadvertently move a talk page incorrectly assumed by the MediaWiki software to be a talk subpage of a different article. For example, Talk:A/B testing is the talk page for A/B testing, but not technically a subpage for Talk:A. If a mover uses move-subpages on Talk:A, the move operation would incorrectly move Talk:A/B testing. (This is not an issue for the article mainspace, as it does not have subpages enabled.)
Moving a portal
A portal consists of a main portal page plus tens, sometimes hundreds, of interconnected subpages. To rename a portal efficiently, post at Requested moves/Technical requests to ask for an administrator to move the page and its subpages, and once that is done, post at AutoWikiBrowser/Tasks to ask for an AWB user to scan all the portal pages to fix the outdated links. You may also need to visit Categories for Discussion to have a category renamed, if the portal's pages have been placed in a category; and Template talk:Portal, if the Portal template does not recognise the new name.
Undoing a move
To undo a move from page A to page B, simply move page B back to page A. But if someone intervened to the A → B redirect, then the move cannot be fixed without special privileges, in which case the guidance about undiscussed moves at the "requested moves" page may be helpful.
Note that the usual "undo" link on history or diff pages does not work on moves. An easy way to rename the page back is clicking "" from the history page, typing in the previous page name that you want to revert to and then "" link from the corresponding record in Special:Log.
The software requires that the redirect be pointing to the page you're moving it from. Therefore, if a user moved page A to page B and then to page C, you cannot simply move C to A. If a bot has not "fixed" the double A → B redirect yet (see above), then you have to:
* 1) Move page C to page B
* 2) Move page B to page A
If page A has subsequently been edited, or the move software is behaving weirdly, only an admin can sort things out:
* 1) Delete page A (make sure it has no useful history – you may wish to add an explicit author credit on a talk page to compensate)
* 2) Move page B to page A
* 3) Delete page B (should be a history-free redirect to page A )
"Move wars" are highly unproductive, and leave vast numbers of pointless redirects littering the place, which some poor soul will have to fix.
After undoing a move, if you do not need B as a redirect, tag it for deletion (using the appropriate process on the wiki you're using, for instance 'speedy deletion' or list it at 'redirects for discussion'), or (administrators only) just delete it.
Swapping two pages
Over the years there have been two methods for swapping pages A and B while preserving page history.
Obsolete sequence
Steps 2, 4, and 6 can only be completed by an administrator. This sequence should no longer be used, since it unnecessarily involves creating and deleting three redirect pages.
* 1) Move page A to the title C (previously non-existing, and preferably to a name useful for redirecting)
* 2) Delete page A
* 3) Move page B to the title A (allowed because A is deleted)
* 4) Delete page B
* 5) Move page C to the title B (allowed because B is deleted)
* 6) Delete page C as above, unless it is useful as a redirect to B
Improved sequence
This improved sequence, sometimes called a "round-robin move", does not require deletions, but rather it relies on the redirect-suppressing (red move) feature, which is available to administrators and page movers. You can think about it as compressing two operations (moving and deleting the resulting redirect) to one. The classical sequence has an advantage that it relies only on conventional operations such as WP:G6. Help with this task can be found at.
* 1) Move page A to the title C (previously non-existing) without creating a redirect
* 2) Move page B to the title A (allowed because A is evacuated) without creating a redirect
* 3) Move page C to the title B (allowed because B is evacuated) without creating a redirect unless it is useful as a redirect to B
The same sequences, but with only two moves, can be used for half-swapping (chain shifting) two pages (such that A would become C and B would become A ).
Fixing cut-and-paste moves
Many past renamings took place before the move page function was created by our hard-working developers, and others are done by people not aware of this function. Such manual moves were done using cut and paste. As a result, the page history of an article or talk page can be split among two or more pages. In some circumstances, administrators can fix this by merging page histories. If you find a cut-and-paste move that needs to be fixed, please follow the instructions at Requests for history merge to have an administrator take care of the problem.
Move vs rename
The terms "rename" and "move" mean the same thing in this context. They just refer to different models for picturing the operation:
* rename: keep the page but give it another name; the page history is now attached to the new name; a new page with the old name is created which redirects to the new name and whose page history records the renaming.
* move: move the contents and the page history to a new page; change the old page into a redirect whose page history records only the move.
Since the system marks the page with the old name as a new page, it applies the first of the two models. (The entry in the page table connects a new page name to the page ID. The revision table just gets entries about the move, nothing else, because the relation between page ID and revision IDs remains the same.) This model avoids "changing the history", a kind of "historical revisionism".
"Rename" may have other meanings on Wikipedia. See Help:Rename.
Automating multiple subpage moves
Administrators and other users with the "move-subpages" right (such as page movers) are also given an option to move up to 100 subpages. Talk subpages can be moved along with the move target.
Administrators and page movers can also use the Mass move tool by adding the following line to their common.js page, which will add a "Mass move" link to their tools menu on the left of the page:
URL parameters
These query strings can be added to the URL of Special:MovePage in order to fill out fields and check boxes in advance.
|
WIKI
|
Author belopolsky
Recipients Esben.Agerbæk.Black, belopolsky, lemburg, pitrou, vstinner
Date 2012-04-09.21:50:12
SpamBayes Score -1.0
Marked as misclassified Yes
Message-id <1334008213.67.0.732587422156.issue14423@psf.upfronthosting.co.za>
In-reply-to
Content
Before you invest in a C version, let's discuss whether this feature is desirable. The proposed function implements a very simple and not very common calculation. Note that even dateutil does not provide direct support for this: you are instructed to use relativedelta to add weeks to January 1st of the given year.
If we are going to add yet another way to construct dates, I would like to consider some universal solution. For example, a "make_date" function that would behave similar to the timedelta constructor: take a large number of keyword arguments and return a date. For example,
make_date(year=2000, isoweek=5, weekday=3)
make_date(year=2000, isoday=63)
etc.
History
Date User Action Args
2012-04-09 21:50:13belopolskysetrecipients: + belopolsky, lemburg, pitrou, vstinner, Esben.Agerbæk.Black
2012-04-09 21:50:13belopolskysetmessageid: <1334008213.67.0.732587422156.issue14423@psf.upfronthosting.co.za>
2012-04-09 21:50:13belopolskylinkissue14423 messages
2012-04-09 21:50:12belopolskycreate
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
BRIEF-Endurance International Group posts Q1 loss $0.26/shr
May 2 (Reuters) - Endurance International Group Holdings Inc * Endurance International Group reports 2017 first quarter results * Q1 loss per share $0.26 * Q1 revenue $295.1 million versus I/B/E/S view $286.9 million * Q1 earnings per share view $-0.22 — Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S * Endurance International Group Holdings Inc - total subscribers on platform were approximately 5.304 million at March 31, 2017 * Endurance International Group Holdings Inc sees 4 - 5 pct increase in GAAP revenue for fiscal 2017 * Endurance International Group Holdings Inc sees 12 - 14 pct increase in adjusted EBITDA for fiscal 2017 * FY2017 revenue view $1.16 billion — Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S * Endurance International Group Holdings Inc - average revenue per subscriber, or ARPS, for Q1 of 2017 was $18.43, compared to $15.41 for Q1 2016 * Endurance International Group Holdings Inc - excluding impact of constant contact, ARPS for Q1 of 2017 was $13.71, compared to $13.72 for Q1 2016 Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage:
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Inga Landgré
Inga Linnéa Landgré (née Lundgren; 6 August 1927 – 31 July 2023) was a Swedish actress who worked in theatre, television, and films from the 1940s on.
Early life and career
Inga Landgré was born in Stockholm on 6 August 1927. Her father was a struggling musician whose alcoholism strained her parents' marriage. Her mother was a waitress. They divorced in the early 1930s, when Landgré was only five years old. She was an only child. She received her theatrical education at Calle Flygare Teaterskola and made her acting debut in 1944 at the Blanche Theatre as Anya in the Anton Chekhov play The Cherry Orchard.
Landgré started appearing in motion pictures around this time as well, starting with the 1943 film Ordet. In 1946, she starred in Crisis, Ingmar Bergman's directorial debut.
Personal life and death
Landgré was married to the Swedish actor Nils Poppe between 1949 and 1959. The couple had two children together, of whom one also became an actress. In the 1960s, she acted as a courier for her friend Andreas Papandreou, who later became the prime minister of Greece, by delivering microfilm to Greece.
Inga Landgré died on 31 July 2023, at the age of 95.
Awards and honours
Landgré won the Guldbagge Honorary Award in 2011, but received it in January 2012.
|
WIKI
|
Talk:Bryant Creek State Park
Location
For the purposes of setting the coordinates in the article infobox I used the directions in this article to select a location along County Road 337D near Bryant Creek at N 36.83857 W 92.43077. --Kbh3rd talk 21:37, 30 January 2017 (UTC)
* That's close - from the info I have the farmhouse on the property is where the public meeting started earlier this month with guided tours following. From the county property maps and the Rockbridge USGS Topo I get 36° 49' 47" N and 92° 25' 39" W -- a bit south of your coords. That's a bit of WP:OR :) Anyway, yours are within the northern portion of the park and closer to Bryant Creek. The park extends south to the Douglas - Ozark county line. See this map from Ozark County Times. I missed the meeting on Jan 6, but hope to get down there and take some pictures soon. Vsmith (talk) 01:00, 31 January 2017 (UTC)
* That's a great map to see. Move the coordinate to wherever you think best, of course. Where's the best place on a area that's larger than 4 square miles? The main park entrance if you know where that is or can find it would be a good candidate. Otherwise maybe the intersection of those four survey sections in the middle. I don't recall offhand how I set the point for those article stubs for state parks that I made some time ago, and I may not have been consistent. --Kbh3rd talk 21:42, 31 January 2017 (UTC)
* I georeferenced the map from that article in QGIS and found the centroid of the polygon describing the park, and that's where I moved the coordinates to in the infobox for now. --Kbh3rd talk 04:28, 3 February 2017 (UTC)
* OK, that puts it in the sw 40 acre of section 30 at elevation ~900 ft. about 430 ft north of and 60 ft lower than Route N on top of the ridge and at the head of Major Hollow tributary to Bryant (from Rockbridge Quad). That should be good pending info from the state about an official location for the park entrance/headquarters.
* I hadn't used QGIS - will have to investigate/play with it - looks like a fun tool, thanks. Vsmith (talk) 20:55, 3 February 2017 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Retina
Retina
The Northeast Florida Macular Degeneration and Diabetes Eye Institute
Dr. Pecoraro and his partners have established the first full time center in Clay County dedicated to diseases of the retina. In the Institute, patient care is focused around management of complex eye diseases such as macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Along with our highly trained staff, this specialty center offers the latest in diagnostic testing and treatment.The Retina
Please take some time to review the information provided for you on this page including the video animations of various eye diseases and their management.
Cystoid Macular Edema (CME):
Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) is a condition in which the macula develops microscopic swelling which can blur the central vision. CME most commonly develops following intraocular surgery, but may be associated with a variety of vascular conditions such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy or vascular occlusion. Treatments for CME depend on its cause. CME may be treated with medicated eye drops, injected medication, laser treatments and surgery.
Diabetic Retinopathy JacksonvilleDiabetic Retinopathy:
Diabetic retinopathy is a potentially blinding complication of diabetes that can damage the retina. This disease affects half of all Americans diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy occurs when tiny retinal blood vessels become damaged and begin to leak fluid or blood resulting in blurred vision. Some patients may develop poor retinal circulation leading to abnormal blood vessel formation which can cause intraocular bleeding or retinal detachment. Diabetic retinopathy that is detected and treated early has the best prognosis. Careful blood glucose control is important. The doctors at Clay Eye Physicians and Surgeons will work closely with your doctor to manage and monitor your diabetes.
Epiretinal Membranes (Macular Puckers):
An epiretinal membrane, commonly called a macular pucker, is a thin film-like covering that can develop over the central retina known as the macula. This area of the retina is responsible for your clear central vision. Epiretinal membranes may lead to blurry or distorted vision. Some epiretinal membranes require vitrectomy surgery with removal of the membrane for improvement of vision.
Flashes and Floaters – Posterior Vitreous Detachments
Flashes of light and floaters in the field of vision occur in healthy people, but may also be a sign of serious problems. If flashes occur suddenly, it may be a sign that the retina is torn. In this case, you should contact your doctor immediately. Floaters, usually due to a posterior vitreous detachment, are caused by particles that are floating in the vitreous gel and cast shadows on the retina. Floaters may naturally appear with increasing age. However, if floaters occur suddenly, it may be a sign that the retina is torn. You should contact your doctor immediately if you experience such sudden symptoms.
Macular Degeneration:
Macular degeneration is one of the most common eye diseases treated by the doctors at Clay Eye Physicians and Surgeons. Macular degeneration is associated with aging. It can destroy sharp central vision and is the leading cause of legal blindness among people over the age of 50 in the western world. In some individuals, tiny dot-like deposits, known as drusen, slowly accumulate beneath the macula. While these deposits usually do not cause visual loss directly, they indicate that a person is at risk for developing further problems with the macula. Atrophic or thin areas can develop in the macula which can lead to visual loss in the “dry” form of macular degeneration. In some patients, abnormal blood vessels may develop under the macula leading to the “wet” form of macular degeneration. If these vessels can be identified at an early stage, it may be possible to seal them with injection of new medications developed for wet macular degeneration or other treatments. If you notice any new distortion or visual changes, it is critical to contact your eye care provider immediately.
Macular Holes:
Macular holes are just that, holes in the macula. The macula is the central portion of the retina that is responsible for seeing fine details clearly. Macular holes involve cellophane-like wrinkling of the macula. If the wrinkling is especially severe, it can stretch the macula and cause a hole to form. Many macular holes are treatable with vitrectomy surgery.
Retinal Tears and Detachment:
Retinal Detachment Fleming Island Retinal tears and detachment occur when the vitreous, a clear jelly-like substance that fills the eye, pulls from the retina and causes the retina to tear. Liquid that passes through the tear and settles under the retina results in separation of the retina from the back wall of the eye. The condition is termed a retinal detachment. An untreated detached retina usually causes blindness.
You should contact your doctor as soon as you develop the symptoms of retinal detachment. Symptoms include seeing flashing lights, new floaters, or a gray curtain move across your field of vision.
Retinal vascular diseases are common in people with high blood pressure, diabetes, and other factors that cause vascular disease throughout the body such as increasing age, high cholesterol, smoking, and hypertension. Retinal vascular diseases include retinal arterial macro aneurysm, retinal branch and central artery and vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and ocular ischemic syndrome. In simple terms, these are conditions that can restrict the blood flow throughout your eye structures and lead to vision loss or blindness. As a patient of Clay Eye Physicians and Surgeons, you will benefit from our doctor’s expertise and from our state-of-the-art diagnostic capabilities. Our doctors can help manage your eye condition, and we will work closely with your primary care physician as well.
Dr. PecoraroTreatments
Avastin/Lucentis/Steroid Injections
Avastin, Lucentis, and steroids are all treatment options for age-related macular degeneration and retinal vascular diseases (blood vessel blockages including diabetic retinopathy). These agents work to block the growth of new blood vessels that may leak and contribute to vision problems. They are injectable medications that block the effects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) which is responsible for the growth of new blood vessels in the eye. VEGF is implicated in the development and progression of wet macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and macular edema. VEGF promotes the growth of new abnormal blood vessels and increases the permeability of existing vessels leading to leakage. By blocking VEGF, Avastin and Lucentis can, in some cases, improve outcomes in patients with a broad variety of retinal and macular diseases.
Laser Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy
Depending on the type of retinopathy you have, your doctor may recommend laser treatment. Laser treatment can be used to help reduce the swelling in your retina caused by leaky blood vessels. It can also be used to treat a more aggressive form of retinopathy, called “proliferative,” which can lead to bleeding into your eye, retinal detachments, and loss of vision.
Laser Surgery for Retinal Tears
Once a retinal tear or hole is identified and determined to be threatening to your vision, it is important to have it repaired prior to it progressing to a retinal detachment. A laser beam is focused on the area surrounding the tear, and small microbursts of laser are emitted sealing off the tear to prevent it from spreading.
Common Eye Conditions
learn more
senior eye health
learn more
comprehensive & routine eye exams
learn more
are you a candidate for lasik?
Find out if LASIK is right for you.
take our LASIK self test
DO YOU SUFFER FROM CATARACTS?
Find out if you are a candidate for a cataract surgery
take our cataract self test
ORDER CONTACT LENSES ONLINE
For your convenience order your prescription contact lenses online. In case your prescription has expired please schedule a new eye examination.
order contact lenses
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Are You Drinking Enough Water?
drink more water
Ideally you want to drink at least half your body weight in ounces of water a day. This is a good rule of thumb to work towards every day. The benefits of drinking water are huge! Additionally, if you squeeze lemon or lime into the water, it will bring up the alkalinity and be even more beneficial to your body.
Did you know that we are made up of 50-75% water? Our blood, brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, skin, muscles and bones are basically created with water and water is the medium for many different reactions that occur in our body. So we want to make sure that we are drinking plenty of water every day and increase the amount during strenuous physical activity.
Common warning signs that you are not getting enough water include dry mouth, dry skin, dry eyes, joint pain, decrease in muscle mass, fatigue, headaches, constipation and premature aging. Be vigilante in getting enough water for your body to run optimally!
Water is essential:
• A vital nutrient to the life of every cell
• It regulates our internal body temperature by sweating and respiration
• The carbohydrates and proteins that our bodies use as food are metabolized and transported by water in the bloodstream
• It assists in flushing waste mainly through urination
• Acts as a shock absorber for brain, spinal cord, and fetus
• Forms saliva
• Lubricates joints
Contact Hirsh Chiropractic Center of Laurel MD for optimal wellness!
(240) 292-1047
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Vol. 105
Front:[PDF file] Back:[PDF file]
Latest Volume
All Volumes
All Issues
2020-09-13
A Grating-Coupled Plasmon Index Sensor Observing the 0th Reflection Carefully and Sensibly for Recognizing the Resonance Curve with the Absorption Center: the Existing State of Affairs Aiming for Seven-Digit Resolution
By Xun Xu, Miaoning Zheng, and Yoichi Okuno
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 105, 117-128, 2020
doi:10.2528/PIERC20042101
Abstract
First of all we inform the audiences that this article is a Review Paper (RP) for the PIERS17 Proceedings Paper (Zheng et al. [17]). The reason why we publish this RP is that: although the paper [17] reported important ideas and simulation facts, details of the contents were insufficient, and the audiences of the report were not satisfied. This was because the page number was limited, and we saved the number of pages. However, because the contents of~[17] are important, we decided to publish an RP, which would provide additional explanations or give considerations supporting main issues. Now, we start the abstract from Section~1. Here, we mention historical topics and RP-related things. In Section~2, we explain the problem of diffraction by a conically-mounted metal grating. To save the page number, we skip the method of solution. In Section~3, we explain our method in noise free case. We show the high precision of the quadratic (or parabola) approximation. We define the workspace (WS: relation between index range of a sample and a proper azimuth angle) and one-to-one correspondence between sample index and resonance angle. In Section~4, we try our method in a noisy environments. A curve-fitting procedure and three types of noise filters work to find satisfactory solutions. That is, in both 3. and 4., the resolution of the index is 7-digit usually, which is our target from the beginning. We think that the introduction of AI or statistical processing would increase the stability of the result. In Section~5, we mention some of future works. In APPENDIX A, we explain the method: How to find the azimuth angle, which we need in solving the diffraction problems by conically-mounted grating.
Citation
Xun Xu, Miaoning Zheng, and Yoichi Okuno, "A Grating-Coupled Plasmon Index Sensor Observing the 0th Reflection Carefully and Sensibly for Recognizing the Resonance Curve with the Absorption Center: the Existing State of Affairs Aiming for Seven-Digit Resolution," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 105, 117-128, 2020.
doi:10.2528/PIERC20042101
http://jpier.org/PIERC/pier.php?paper=20042101
References
1. Raeter, H., "Surface plasmon and roughness," Surface Polaritons, Chapter 9, 331-403, V. M. Argranovich and D. L. Mills (eds.), North-Holland, New York, Amsterdam, 1982.
2. Neviere, M., "The homogeneous problem," Electromagnetic Theory of Gratings, Chapter 5, 123-157, R. Petit (ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1980.
3. Okuno, Y., T. Suyama, R. Hu, S. He, and T. Matsuda, "Excitation of surface plasmons on a metal grating and its application to an index sensor," IEICE Trans. Electron., Vol. 90, No. 7, 1507-1514, 2007.
doi:10.1093/ietele/e90-c.7.1507
4. Luo, Z., T. Suyama, X. Xu, and Y. Okuno, "A grating-based plasmon biosensor with high resolution," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 118, 527-539, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11060103
5. Matsuda, T., D. Zhou, and Y. Okuno, "Numerical analysis of plasmon resonance absorption in bisinusoidal metal gratings," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, Vol. 19, 695-701, 2002.
doi:10.1364/JOSAA.19.000695
6. Wood, R. W., "On a remarkable case of uneven distribution of light in a diffraction grating spectrum," Lond. Edinb. Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci., Vol. 4, 396-402, 1902.
7. Rayleigh, L., "On the dynamical theory of gratings," Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A., Vol. 79, 399-416, 1907.
8. Fano, U., "The theory of anomalous diffraction gratings and of quasi-stationary waves on metallic surfaces (Sommerfeld's Waves)," J. Opt. Soc. Am., Vol. 31, 213-222, 1941.
doi:10.1364/JOSA.31.000213
9. Maystre, D., "Theory of Wood's anomalies," Plasmonics: From Basics to Advanced Topics, 1st Edition, 39-83, Enoch S. and Bonod N. (eds), Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2012.
10. Taniguchi, N., "On the basic concept of ‘Nano-Technology’," Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod. London, Part II British Society of Precision Engineering, 1974.
11. Homola, J., S. Yee, and G. Gauglitz, "Surface plasmon resonance sensors: Review," Sensors Actuators B, Vol. 54, 3-15, 1999.
doi:10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00321-9
12. Homola, J., I. Koudela, and S. Yee, "Surface plasmon resonance sensors based on diffraction gratings and prism couplers: sensitivity comparison," Sensors Actuators B, Vol. 54, 16-24, 1999.
doi:10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00322-0
13. Matsushima, A., T. Matsuda, and Y. Okuno, "Introduction to Yasuura's method of modal expansion with application to grating problems," The Generalized Multipole Technique for Light Scattering, T. Wriedt and Y. Eremin (eds.), Chapter 8, 51 pages, Springer, 2018.
14. Suyama, T., Z. Qian, F. Shi, H. Enomoto, and A. Matsushima, "Improvement of resolution of liquid refractive index measurement using metallic grating," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 85, 29-38, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERM19060304
15. Xu, X., Y. Okuno, and T. Suyama, "Analysis of plasmon resonance in a multilayer-coated bigrating," PIERS Proceedings, 1318-1322, Guangzhou, China, Aug. 25–28, 2014.
16. Gong, R., B. W. Chen, X. Xu, and Y. Okuno, "Resolution of a grating-based plasmon index sensor with efficiency-alone interrogation," 2016 Progress In Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS), 4062-4066, Shanghai, China, Aug. 8–11, 2016.
17. Zheng, M., X. Xu, R. Gong, and Y. Okuno, "A grating-based plasmon index sensor: performance simulation in the presence of noise," 2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium — Fall (PIERS — FALL), 2193-2198, Singapore, Nov. 19–22, 2017.
18. Matsuda, T., X. Xu, and Y. Okuno, "A couple of topics in numerical analysis of diffraction by a metal grating using Yasuura's method of modal expansion," PIERS Proceedings, 1930-1934, Prague, Chez Republic, 2015.
19. Hass, G. and L. Hardy, "Optical properties of metals," American Inst. Phys. Handbook, D. G. Gray (ed.), 2nd Edition, 6–107, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1963.
20. Palik, E. D., Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Academic Press, Boston, 1998.
21. Johnson, P. B. and R. W. Christy, "Optical constants of the noble metals," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 6, 4370, Published Dec. 15, 1972.
22. Rakik, A. D., A. B. Djurisic, J. M. Elazar, and M. L. Majewski, "Optical properties of metallic films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices," App. Opt., Vol. 37, 5271-5283, 1998.
doi:10.1364/AO.37.005271
23. Bryan-Brown, G. P., J. R. Sambles, and M. C. Hutley, "Polarization conversion through the excitation of surface plasmons on a metallic grating," J. Modern Opt., Vol. 37, 1227-1232, 1990.
doi:10.1080/09500349014551301
24. Matsuda, T., D. Zhou, and Y. Okuno, "Numerical analysis of TE-TM mode conversion in a metal grating placed in conical mounting," IEICE Trans. Electron., Vol. J82-C-I, 42-49, 1999 (in Japanese)(in.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Health
Understand The Potential Of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery
Reconstructive plastic surgery is a procedure that aims to correct an associated functional and aesthetic defect. It can be indicated in accidents, deformities, and cancer recovery. Correcting deformities allows the resocialization and reintegration of these people into society and, consequently, restores the possibility of them feeling comfortable finding their peers. Functional deformities that must undergo reconstructive plastic surgery by chicagoeyelids.com for example can be classified as follows:
1. A) Congenital (acquired at birth):
Examples:
• cleft lip (cleft lip, cleft lip, and palate)
• congenital giant nevus
• craniofacial syndromes
• Malformation of limbs or parts of the human body
1. B) Acquired
B.1) After trauma or accidents
• facial fractures (nasal, orbit, mandible, maxilla, etc.);
• substance losses—animal bites, car accidents, accidents at work, etc.; I/II- and III-degree burns.
B.2) Acquired by diseases
• skin cancer (Melanoma, basal/squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma, etc.);
• Breast cancer, skin tumors or various soft tissues (hemangioma, fibroma, lipoma), etc.;
B.3) Acquired after surgery:
• pathological scars (keloids, hypertrophic, depressed, enlarged, retracted, hyperchromic, hypochromic scars);
• post-surgical sequelae (sagging skin after gastroplasty, post-mastectomy lymphedema);
• infectious processes, tissue necrosis — death — etc.
The therapeutic, surgical arsenal is quite vast. The possibilities of reconstructive plastic surgery vary according to the location, extent, type of deformity, mechanism that originated it, specific therapeutic response, and co-morbidities, among others. It is recommended to look for simpler solutions first and, depending on the answer, delve into more complex and difficult solutions.
Reconstructive plastic surgery by Dr. Ahmad Reconstructive Surgeon for example has special protocols for treatments after cancer. Find out about some conditions and their treatments below:
Reconstruction, Skin Cancer Resection,
The most prevalent type of cancer in both men and women is skin cancer. They manifest themselves in different ways. Each type will produce a type of prognosis, a type of treatment. Often, when in doubt, an EXCISIONAL BIOPSY (removal of the entire lesion) or INCISIONAL BIOPSY (removal of fragments of the lesion) is necessary to determine the size of the enlargement of the resection margins. At other times, a DERMATOSCOPY exam is decisive in choosing the best treatment.
1. A) (BCC) Basal Cell Carcinoma
It is the most prevalent skin cancer. It grows in the so-called “basal layer” of the epidermis. It affects any area of the body, but mainly areas exposed to the sun. It does not give metastases and presents a slow growth by contiguity of neighboring structures. There is usually a history of cumulative sun exposure. In other cases, in addition to sun exposure, other factors trigger the onset of the disease.
1. B) Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
It grows as a process of differentiation of the squamous cells of the superficial layer. It develops in any body area but mainly in areas exposed to the sun (ears, face, scalp, neck, etc.). It occurs twice as often in men as in women. In addition to the sun, they also occur in the presence of Chronic Wounds (Marjolin’s Ulcer), transplant patients who use immunosuppressive drugs, and radiation, among others.
1. c) Melanoma
It is the least frequent and most feared skin cancer. It is the skin cancer with the worst prognosis. It arises from Melanocytes (melanin-producing cells). When an early diagnosis is made, there is a 90% chance of a cure. There is usually a history of infrequent, acute sun exposure in a person with white skin (phototypes I and II). As they grow into the skin, the chances of metastases increase. The hereditary character plays a key role in the history of Melanoma.
Each type of cancer requires reconstructive plastic surgery, a resection, with a size safety margin. The size of the defect must be repaired, obeying the basic principles of histological and anatomical knowledge, always thinking about maintaining the function with minimal aesthetic damage. Reconstruction can range from simple skin closure to creating composite flaps at a distance in several stages.
Related posts
Why is My Hair Thinning?
Perico Gilbert
Top 5 Tips to Safely Buy Medicines Online
Perico Gilbert
The Best Mountains To Climb In The UK
Perico Gilbert
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Talk:Optography
In popular culture
In Caleb Carr's 1994 book "The Alienist" optography is used to attempt to identify a serial killer. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:48, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
* Added to article. Pastychomper (talk) 15:16, 28 June 2022 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Yuppi du
Yuppi du is a 1975 Italian comedy film directed by Adriano Celentano. It is the second film directed by Celentano following Super rapina a Milano in 1964.
The film premiered at the 1975 Cannes Film Festival and won the Nastro d'Argento award for Best Film Score in 1976.
Plot
The story revolves around Felice Pietà, a man of modest means who resides with his second wife, Adelaide. Together, they raise Monica, Felice's daughter from his first wife, Silvia, who tragically took her own life years ago under mysterious circumstances.
Haunted by Silvia's absence, Felice decides to visit the place where she ended her life one final time. To his astonishment, Silvia reappears and reveals that she faked her suicide because she grew weary of living in poverty with Felice in Venice. Silvia discloses her intention to return since she missed her life with him. Consequently, Felice leaves Adelaide to embark on a new chapter with his beloved Silvia.
Silvia departs for London to address matters with her current husband, and Felice suggests taking their daughter along. However, Silvia departs without actually returning. After a few months, Felice discovers their whereabouts and tracks them down in Milan, where Silvia's affluent husband emphasizes her desire to maintain the luxurious lifestyle she has become accustomed to while also seeking custody of Monica, despite the legal complexities. In this context, Felice, adopting a detached and market-driven approach, suggests selling Monica based on her weight. Silvia's husband attempts to negotiate the weight and eventually pays 45 million for the child. During the train journey back to Venice, Felice encounters a woman who bears an uncanny resemblance to Silvia. The silent exchange between them occurs through voiceovers. Felice responds to the woman's promise of eternal love and happiness by expressing his disbelief in love, understanding her true motives as merely an attempt to take away his money.
Cast
* Claudia Mori as Adelaide
* Charlotte Rampling as Silvia
* Gino Santercole as Napoleone
* Adriano Celentano as Felice Della Pietà
* Rosita Celentano as Monica
* Carla Brait as The Maid
* Memo Dittongo as Scognamillo
* John Lee
* Carla Mancini (credit only)
* Lino Toffolo as Nane
* Sonia Viviani as Napoleone's girl
* Raffaele di Sipio as Man in the toilet (uncredited)
* Pippo Starnazza as Old man in Milan bar (uncredited)
|
WIKI
|
Page 1 of 1
PostPosted: Mon Jan 23, 2006 3:39 am
by mgreen
Please come up with some simple examples of native add-ins handling of arrays. Are arrays implemented as vectors of pointers to Values or as vectors of Values?
PostPosted: Thu Jan 26, 2006 2:22 am
by mgreen
There's an example in the description of the VM's handling of memory of access to the fields of a structure or object. Does the same apply to arrays? In particular
Value* optr = ofi->vm_pop(); // pointer to return struct
Value* o_x = ofi->vm_deref(optr->iVal); // dereference the struct pointer to
Value* o_y = ofi->vm_deref(optr->iVal + 1); // get pointers to the two fields
provides for access to two fields of a structure result and, I assume, any structure parameter. What about arrays? Does it work the same? Is there any way to find out the number of elements allocated in the array like a callback to sizeof? If so, how can I get a copy of orbc.sys for reference for vm_callBI? Is there any way to allocate a string array (or any array) in a native function other than using callbacks? If so, what?
PostPosted: Thu Jan 26, 2006 3:57 am
by dewey
An array is stored in memory as a contiguous set of Values. For the following code:
Code: Select all
void func() {
int array[5];
native_func(array); // same as native_func(&array[0])
}
The address of the first element of the array is passed into the native function. The native function would then read the array like this:
Code: Select all
long addr = ofi->vm_pop()->iVal;
Value* element0 = ofi->vm_deref(addr);
Value* element1 = ofi->vm_deref(addr+1);
You can't find out the size of an array, as it isn't known at runtime. You function will have to take size as an argument.
orbc.sys is in \Program Files\OrbForms or PocketC Architect.
To allocate memory, you need to use vm_callBI to call malloct.
PostPosted: Thu Jan 26, 2006 12:56 pm
by mgreen
Thank you. That's very helpful.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nabsora
The result was delete. MBisanz talk 00:13, 17 August 2015 (UTC)
Nabsora
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
No indication that the subject satisfies any of the 12 notability criteria listed at WP:MUSICBIO – not signed to any major record label; no major awards; has seemingly released only a debut album; lack of significant coverage in multiple, reliably-published, third-party sources; total of 86 hits for their name on Google. Super Mario Man ( talk ) 14:31, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
* It should probably also be noted that the creator of this article is likely to have a COI with regard to the subject: see this and this. Super Mario Man ( talk ) 17:05, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Bands and musicians-related deletion discussions. Everymorning talk 14:39, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
The artist releases their own material similar to that of artists such as tech nine. The references are a clear guide that everything in the article is true and nothing has been written which has not got reliable. Wiki clearly states you should not scare aware those new to this and delete their articles straight away without communicating and offering assistance first. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Missjws (talk • contribs) 15:19, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of England-related deletion discussions. — JJMC89  (T·E·C) 15:31, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
It meets this criteria and you only have to meet one it says here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(music)#Criteria_for_musicians_and_ensembles
NABSORA - Has been the subject of multiple, non-trivial, published works appearing in sources that are reliable, not self-published, and are independent of the musician or ensemble itself.[note 1] This criterion includes published works in all forms, such as newspaper articles, books, magazine articles, online versions of print media, and television documentaries[note 2] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Missjws (talk • contribs) 15:33, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
* Then by all means, add these multiple, reliable, independent sources to the article. A one-off interview with a borough council is not sufficient. Please note that anything written by the subject or anyone close to him (such as the subject's official website) cannot be considered "independent", and that YouTube, SoundCloud and other social media are not reliable. Super Mario Man ( talk ) 16:32, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
I have an article appeared in their magazine too Spring 2015 Issue too, which all residents receive via email and post code download. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Missjws (talk • contribs) 16:47, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
Furthermore his music was independently reviewed on the Fame Music by Big Artists. Which I added to the references. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Missjws (talk • contribs) 16:53, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
* Regarding the magazine, the online interview/article was published in March; does the Spring 2015 print article significantly expand on it? As for the Fame Music website, one-line user-generated comments do not provide significant, reliable coverage as required by WP:GNG. Super Mario Man ( talk ) 17:41, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
* Delete for reasons given by nominator.Pincrete (talk) 16:10, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
* Keep the article has valid independent press related to the artist. Music according to google has been released under an independent label too.BnS (talk) 16:28, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
* Then by all means, add the independent press to the article. Do you believe that the independent label that you refer to could be considered "one of the more important indie labels" mentioned by criterion 5 of WP:MUSICBIO? Super Mario Man ( talk ) 17:05, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. FoCuS contribs ; talk to me! 01:40, 10 August 2015 (UTC)
* Delete as per nom. Searches turned up nothing notable. Onel 5969 TT me 13:02, 16 August 2015 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Effects of cutting parameters on drilling performance of carbon black-reinforced polymer composite
Uysal A.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE, vol.232, pp.1133-1142, 2018 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier
Abstract
Polymer composite materials can be produced by reinforcing carbon black, carbon fiber, graphite, graphene, metals and metal oxides, nanotubes, and so on. These types of composite materials can be employed in applications demanding electrical conductivity besides high specific strength and stiffness properties of polymer materials. In the literature, there is a lack of knowledge on the examination of drilling of particle-reinforced composite materials. In this study, drilling of pure polypropylene and carbon black-reinforced polypropylene composite material was investigated at different drill point angles, cutting speeds, and feeds. The cutting temperature of drill point and surface roughness of holes were examined. The experimental studies were designed by L-27 full-factorial design, and analysis of variance statistical method was performed. According to the results, cutting temperature increased and surface roughness decreased with the increase in the cutting speed and feed and decrease in the drill point angle.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Page:Fred Arthur McKenzie - Americans at the Front (1917).djvu/52
American and Canadian groups will have a very hard task. At any rate, when the battalion was recruited it was found that United States citizens and Canadians had freely joined up together, instinct with the common purpose of striking a blow for the right.
Among the American officers, one of the best known was Major Stewart, who, although Montreal born, had served for twelve years as an officer in the United States Cavalry. He won the affection of every man under him, and it is told how, in his last gallant charge around Maple Copse, he cheered his boys on even as he fell. Lieutenant Stanley Wood, of Kansas City, fell in the same fight. Major John Lewis, an American who had become a British subject, fell gallantly when holding a small detachment together against overwhelmingly superior forces on the Somme. Major Houghton, once of the United States Navy, heads a machine gun section and has been through many fights. Americans in the Canadian ranks have earned many Distinguished Conduct Medals, Military Crosses and Military Medals.
Lord Northcliffe, in an article which I have already quoted, has described his impressions of the American soldiers in the Canadian ranks in France. "When I saw them march back from the trenches to the tunes of 'My Country,
|
WIKI
|
header image
Scott Lab
Location
NW607 MUH
Principal Investigator
Research Description
The role of the inflammasome and caspase-1 in trauma and hemorrhage
Caspase-1 is an important enzyme in inflammatory processes with a main function of cleaving pro-forms of inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18, which allows them to be released from macrophages and other immune cells. A lot less is known about the role of caspase-1 in non-immune cells such as hepatocytes, the main cell-type in the liver. These cells have been shown to activate caspase-1 but produce little if any IL-1beta or IL-18. Our lab is therefore focusing on identifying the function of caspase-1 activation in non-immune cells during global ischemia-reperfusion and oxidative stress induced by hemorrhagic shock and trauma.
We are also investigating how caspase-1 is activated in non-immune cells in our models. Caspase-1 is activated/cleaved through the activation of a group of proteins that form a platform known as the inflammasome. Multiple types of inflammasome have been described all of which include NOD-like proteins such as NLRP3 and NLRP1. Our lab is working to determine which mechanism of caspase-1 activation is important in end-organs such as the liver during hemorrhagic shock and after trauma. Understanding how the mechanisms behind the immune response to hemorrhage and trauma could identify novel future treatments for these patients and prevent morbidity and mortality from organ failure.
The role of the inflammasome and caspase-1 in sepsis
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, are known to be extremely important in helping to activate immune responses to fight infection and clear bacteria from the blood and organs. However, too much inflammation can be damaging to cells and tissues, and can lead to organ dysfunction and failure. We are intersted in the role of the inflammasome and caspase-1 in initiating the immune response to surgical infection, and how responses are integrated between immune cells and end organs in order to clear bacteria and resolve infection.
The main model we are using is a model of polymicrobial peritonitis induced by ligating and punturing the cecum to release fecal bacteria into the abdomen. This model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mimics many types of surgical abdominal infection such as a burst appendix or diveticulum and so is relevant to human disease. Understanding how the immune response is regulated by the inflammasome and caspase-1 may provide us with clues about new treatments that may help more effectively treat surgical patients in the future.
Inflammasome activation and metabolic control in the liver and during surgery
The inflammasome and its activation have been strongly implicated in the regulation of many metabolic events, including obesity-induced diabetes and insulin resistance. As the population of the United States as a whole becomes more obese it becomes more important for us to understand how the immune system is affected in these patients and how this affects both elective and emergency surgical outcomes. Our lab is interested in investigating the role of the inflammasome and caspase-1 particularly in the liver of obese subjects, and how the inflammasome affects immune processes that can regulate wound healing, inflammation and infection after hemorrhagic shock and trauma.
Lab Members
Publications
Caspase-1 is hepatoprotective during trauma and hemorrhagic shock by reducing liver injury and inflammation. Menzel CL, Sun Q, Loughran PA, Pape HC, Billiar TR, Scott MJ. Mol Med. 2011 17:1031-8. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00015. Epub 2011 Jun 7. PMID: 21666957 | View Publication
Hepatocytes express functional NOD1 and NOD2 receptors: a role for NOD1 in hepatocyte CC and CXC chemokine production. Scott MJ, Chen C, Sun Q, Billiar TR. J Hepatol. 2010 53:693-701. Epub 2010 Jun 16. PMID: 20615568 | View Publication
Hemorrhagic shock activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in lung endothelial cells. Xiang M, Shi X, Li Y, Xu J, Yin L, Xiao G, Scott MJ, Billiar TR, Wilson MA, Fan J. J Immunol. 2011 187:4809-17. Epub 2011 Sep 21. PMID: 21940680 | View Publication
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Template:Translated quote/doc
Usage
* 1) Language message (typically a two-letter language code, in recent practice, but could be a longer message)
* 2) Language name (Wikipedia article)
* 3) Original quote
* 4) Translated quote
Example
This results in:
|
WIKI
|
Tuesday's Top Performing Small Cap Stocks (RLRN, FN, PTX, VSEC, FSTR)
All good things come to an end, and the curtain came down on a three-day run-up in small-cap stocks on Tuesday.
The Russell 2000 Index fell for the first time since August 10, after the index had rebounded from the recent sell-offs by nearly 9 percent.
Yet there were some rising stars to be found across many sectors, including old-line and high-tech manufacturing, biotechs and software developers and a couple of acquisitions.
Crude Carriers ( CRU ) , a small cap not part of the Russell 2K or S&P Small Cap 600, closed 22.1 percent higher. The Marshall Islands-domiciled, Greek-headquartered tanker operator, which pays a dividend currently yielding 14 percent, is being taken over by Capital Product Partners L.P.
For the day, the Russell 2000 Index lost 1.93 percent in value, while the Standard & Poor's Small Cap 600 was down 1.75 percent. By comparison, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was off 0.67 percent, the S&P 500 closed 0.97 percent lower, and the Nasdaq Stock Market finished down 1.24 percent.
Tuesday's Top Performing Small Cap Stocks (Data provided by Google Finance)
Renaissance Learning (Nasdaq: RLRN) : The best of the shares listed on the Russell 2000 and the Standard & Poor's Small Cap 600 was Renaissance Learning, a developer of educational software and hardware products for grades K-12. Shares hit a 52-week high after the company said it is being taken private by Pemira Funds in a $440 million deal. In July, Renaissance reported a 23 percent profit jump as revenue grew 15 percent.
Fabrinet ( FN ) : The Bangkok-based provider of manufacturing services reported its fiscal fourth-quarter profit rose 14 percent as revenue increased 21 percent. JPMorgan analysts upgraded the stock to overweight from neutral and set a $21.50 price target.
Pernix Therapeutics (Amex: PTX) : The supplier of pediatric pharmaceutical products reported second-quarter earnings that exceeded analysts' expectations as its revenue nearly tripled. Its primary drug, Cedax, is used to treat respiratory infections, and it's launching Natroba for head lice.
VSE (Nasdaq: VSEC) : The government contractor's stock has been weighed down by the recent loss of an Army contract and talk of defense cutbacks. Shares are off 28 percent this year.
L.B. Foster (Nasdaq: FSTR) : The manufacturer of products and services used in the construction, utility and rail industries has rebounded in the past week from knee-jerk reaction to second-quarter results that, while satisfactory, revealed softening orders and a dispute with the Union Pacific Railroad.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.