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Improve dataset card: Add metadata, paper/code links, and sample usage
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nielsr
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README.md
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configs:
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tags:
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- benchmark
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---
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## Dataset Card for IndicParam
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### Dataset Summary
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IndicParam is a graduate-level benchmark designed to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) on their understanding of **low- and extremely low-resource Indic languages**.
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### Source and Collection
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### Annotation
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In addition to the raw MCQs, each question is annotated by question type (described in detail in the paper):
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These annotations support fine-grained analysis of model behavior across **knowledge vs. language ability** and **question format**.
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---
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## Considerations for Using the Data
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### Social Impact
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IndicParam is designed to:
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Users should be aware that the content is drawn from **academic examinations**, and may over-represent formal, exam-style language relative to everyday usage.
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To align with the paper and allow consistent comparison:
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---
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If you use IndicParam in your research, please cite:
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```bibtex
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}
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```
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### License
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IndicParam is released for **non-commercial research and evaluation
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### Acknowledgments
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---
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configs:
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- config_name: IndicParam
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data_files:
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- path: data*
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split: test
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tags:
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- benchmark
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- low-resource
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- indic-languages
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task_categories:
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- question-answering
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- text-classification
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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language:
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- npi
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- guj
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- mar
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- ory
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- doi
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- mai
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- raj
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- san
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- brx
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- sat
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- gom
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- en
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---
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## Dataset Card for IndicParam
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[Paper](https://huggingface.co/papers/2512.00333) | [Code](https://github.com/ayushbits/IndicParam)
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### Dataset Summary
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IndicParam is a graduate-level benchmark designed to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) on their understanding of **low- and extremely low-resource Indic languages**.
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### Source and Collection
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- **Source**: Official UGC-NET language question papers and answer keys, downloaded from the UGC-NET/NTA website.
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- **Scope**: Multiple exam sessions and years, covering language/literature and linguistics papers for each of the 11 languages plus the Sanskrit–English code-mixed set.
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- **Extraction**:
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- Machine-readable PDFs are parsed directly.
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- Non-selectable PDFs are processed using OCR.
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- All text is normalized while preserving the original script and content.
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### Annotation
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In addition to the raw MCQs, each question is annotated by question type (described in detail in the paper):
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- **Question type**:
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- Multiple-choice, Assertion–Reason, List Matching, Fill in the blanks, Identify incorrect statement, Ordering.
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These annotations support fine-grained analysis of model behavior across **knowledge vs. language ability** and **question format**.
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---
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## Sample Usage
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The GitHub repository provides several Python scripts to evaluate models on the IndicParam dataset. You can adapt these scripts for your specific use case.
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Typical usage pattern, as described in the GitHub README:
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- **Prepare environment**: Install Python dependencies (see `requirements.txt` if present in the GitHub repository) and configure any required API keys or model caches.
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- **Run evaluation**: Invoke one of the scripts with your chosen model configuration and an output directory; the scripts will:
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- Load `data.csv`
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- Construct language-aware MCQ prompts
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- Record model predictions and compute accuracy
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Example scripts available in the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/ayushbits/IndicParam):
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- `evaluate_open_models.py`: Example script to evaluate open-weight Hugging Face models on IndicParam.
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- `evaluate_gpt_oss.py`: Example script to run the GPT-OSS-120B model on the same data.
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- `evaluate_openrouter.py`: Example script to benchmark closed models via the OpenRouter API.
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Script-level arguments and options are documented via the `-h`/`--help` flags within each script.
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```bash
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# Example of running evaluation with an open-weight model:
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python evaluate_open_models.py --model_name_or_path google/gemma-2b --output_dir results/gemma-2b
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# Example of running evaluation with GPT-OSS:
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python evaluate_gpt_oss.py --model_name_or_path openai/gpt-oss-120b --output_dir results/gpt-oss-120b
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```
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---
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## Considerations for Using the Data
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### Social Impact
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IndicParam is designed to:
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- Enable rigorous evaluation of LLMs on **under-represented Indic languages** with substantial speaker populations but very limited web presence.
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- Encourage **culturally grounded** AI systems that perform robustly on Indic scripts and linguistic phenomena.
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- Highlight the performance gaps between high-resource and low-/extremely low-resource Indic languages, informing future pretraining and data collection efforts.
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Users should be aware that the content is drawn from **academic examinations**, and may over-represent formal, exam-style language relative to everyday usage.
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To align with the paper and allow consistent comparison:
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1. **Task**: Treat each instance as a multiple-choice QA item with four options.
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2. **Input format**: Present `question_text` plus the four options (`A–D`) to the model.
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3. **Required output**: A single option label (`A`, `B`, `C`, or `D`), with no explanation.
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4. **Decoding**: Use **greedy decoding / temperature = 0 / `do_sample = False`** to ensure deterministic outputs.
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5. **Metric**: Compute **accuracy** based on exact match between predicted option and `correct_answer` (case-insensitive after mapping to A–D).
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6. **Analysis**:
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- Report **overall accuracy**.
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- Break down results **per language**.
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---
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If you use IndicParam in your research, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@misc{maheshwari2025indicparambenchmarkevaluatellms,
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title={IndicParam: Benchmark to evaluate LLMs on low-resource Indic Languages},
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author={Ayush Maheshwari and Kaushal Sharma and Vivek Patel and Aditya Maheshwari},
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year={2025},
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eprint={2512.00333},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CL},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00333},
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}
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```
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### License
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IndicParam is released for **non-commercial research and evaluation** under the [CC-BY-NC-4.0 License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
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### Acknowledgments
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