document_id stringlengths 7 8 | text stringlengths 297 5.1k | entities list | relations list | events list | coreferences list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21840559 | The ethanol extract from the dried exudate of Bursera fagaroides (Burseraceae) showed significant cytotoxic activity in the HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) test system. The extract provided four podophyllotoxin related lignans, identified as (7'R,8R,8'R)-(-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin (3), (7'R,8R,8'R)-(-)-morelensin (4),... | [
{
"id": "21840559_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
137,
157
]
],
"text": [
"colon adenocarcinoma"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "21840559_T2",
"type": "Plant",
"offsets": [
[
46,
64
]
],
"text": ... | [] | [
{
"id": "21840559_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"cytotoxic activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
116
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "21840559_T1"
},
{... | [] |
8183725 | The action of fresh minced garlic and garlic oil on aflatoxin B1- (AFB1) induced carcinogenesis in the toad Bufo regularis was studied. Feeding toads with AFB1 induced tumors in 19% of the animals. Animals given AFB1 together with fresh garlic or garlic oil showed a significant reduction in tumor incidence. The tumor i... | [
{
"id": "8183725_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
168,
174
]
],
"text": [
"tumors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8183725_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
292,
297
]
],
"text": [
"tum... | [] | [
{
"id": "8183725_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"reduction"
],
"offsets": [
[
279,
288
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "8183725_T2"
},
{
"... | [] |
7597024 | BACKGROUND: Coffee consumption has been brought to focus as a possible risk factor for pancreas cancer. After having reviewed the available evidence, an International Agency for Research on Cancer working group concluded in 1991 that the evidence in humans that coffee drinking is carcinogenic in the pancreas is "inadeq... | [
{
"id": "7597024_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
87,
102
]
],
"text": [
"pancreas cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "7597024_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
190,
196
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "7597024_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
1966,
1970
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "7597024_T12"
},
{
"role":... | [] |
19994684 | OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect of the combined method of acupuncture and ginger-partition moxibustion with that of routine western medicine on the patients with cardiac arrhythmia. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with cardiac arrhythmia were randomly divided into an observation group (38 cases) and a contr... | [
{
"id": "19994684_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
175,
193
]
],
"text": [
"cardiac arrhythmia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19994684_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
231,
249
]
],
"text"... | [] | [
{
"id": "19994684_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1168,
1174
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "19994684_T7"
},
{
... | [] |
11440071 | BACKGROUND: The Goals for Health project is designed to change the cancer-related behaviors of tobacco use and dietary fat and fiber consumption. The intervention teaches health and life skills to rural, minority sixth and seventh graders in rural Virginia and New York. This article presents the results of the pilot. M... | [
{
"id": "11440071_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
67,
73
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11440071_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
966,
972
]
],
"text": [
"can... | [] | [
{
"id": "11440071_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
81
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "11440071_T3"
},
{
"role":... | [] |
12223422 | Cumulative evidence suggests a possible interaction of cooking methods with diet in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Studies, however, are few and inconsistent. We evaluated the association of animal food intake and degree of browning by deep-frying with breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study con... | [
{
"id": "12223422_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
104,
117
]
],
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12223422_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
257,
270
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "12223422_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"reduced"
],
"offsets": [
[
1246,
1253
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "12223422_T5"
},
{
... | [] |
10485439 | BACKGROUND: Dietary wheat bran protects against colon cancer, but the mechanism(s) of this effect is not known. Butyrate, produced by colonic bacterial fermentation of dietary polysaccharides, such as wheat bran, induces apoptosis and decreases proliferation in colon cancer cell lines. Whether similar effects occur in ... | [
{
"id": "10485439_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
48,
60
]
],
"text": [
"colon cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10485439_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
262,
274
]
],
"text": [
... | [
{
"id": "10485439_R1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease_wo",
"arg1_id": "10485439_T30",
"arg2_id": "10485439_T2",
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10485439_R2",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease_wo",
"arg1_id": "10485439_T21",
"arg2_id": "10485439_T6",
"normalized": []
},
{
... | [
{
"id": "10485439_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"protects"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
39
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "10485439_T12"
},
{
"... | [
{
"id": "10485439_1",
"entity_ids": [
"10485439_T8",
"10485439_T11"
]
}
] |
18560338 | Lonicera caerulea is a species of bush native to the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian Far East) whose berries have been extensively studied due to their potential high antioxidant activity. The aim of our work was to investigate the in vivo effects of the antioxidant action of Lonicera caerulea berry extracts on the dynami... | [
{
"id": "18560338_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
349,
355
]
],
"text": [
"tumors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18560338_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
426,
431
]
],
"text": [
"t... | [] | [
{
"id": "18560338_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"induced"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
697
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "18560338_T6"
},
{
"... | [] |
19487113 | BACKGROUND: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which has been shown to have potent antioxidant effect, comprises 80% of catechins in Chinese green tea. This study was to investigate whether cigarette smoke (CS) exposure would induce lung morphological changes and oxidative stress in the CS-exposed rat model, and whethe... | [
{
"id": "19487113_T8",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
867,
890
]
],
"text": [
"goblet cell hyperplasia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19487113_T13",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
1538,
1549
]
],
... | [] | [
{
"id": "19487113_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"abolished"
],
"offsets": [
[
948,
957
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "19487113_T8"
},
{
... | [] |
15199009 | The relationship between acculturation and smoking behavior was examined in four Asian-American groups that included recent immigrants and US-born Koreans, Chinese, Vietnamese and Cambodians residing in the Delaware Valley of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The study was part of a community-based, comprehensive cross-sect... | [
{
"id": "15199009_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
438,
444
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15199009_T2",
"type": "Plant",
"offsets": [
[
406,
413
]
],
"text": [
"tob... | [] | [
{
"id": "15199009_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
437
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "15199009_T1"
},
{
"role... | [] |
17913418 | THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: was to assess the anti-inflammatory and mechanism of action of Allanblackia monticola (Guttiferae). The anti-inflammatory activity "in vivo" of the methylene chloride/methanol extract, methanol and methylene chloride fractions of stem barks of Allanblackia monticola, administered orally at doses ... | [
{
"id": "17913418_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
389,
395
]
],
"text": [
"oedema"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17913418_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
588,
594
]
],
"text": [
"o... | [] | [
{
"id": "17913418_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
792
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "17913418_T3"
},
{
... | [
{
"id": "17913418_1",
"entity_ids": [
"17913418_T6",
"17913418_T7"
]
}
] |
11765176 | AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To update data and statistics on cancer death certification in Italy to 1997. METHODS: Data and statistics for 1997 subdivided into 31 cancer sites are presented. Trends in age-standardized rates for major cancer sites are plotted from 1955 to 1997. RESULTS: The age-standardized (world standard) de... | [
{
"id": "11765176_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
54,
60
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11765176_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
156,
162
]
],
"text": [
"can... | [] | [
{
"id": "11765176_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
1357,
1364
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "11765176_T13"
},
{
"r... | [] |
9091843 | The effectiveness of Sabal serrulata (dwarf palm) extract was evaluated in the treatment of 38 patients with symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia. During a 12-month treatment controlled by investigations the subjective symptoms decreased in nearly three fourth of the patients. Side effects were not observed. According to ... | [
{
"id": "9091843_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
121,
142
]
],
"text": [
"prostatic hyperplasia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "9091843_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
894,
915
]
],
"text... | [] | [
{
"id": "9091843_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
838,
847
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "9091843_T2"
},
{
"... | [
{
"id": "9091843_1",
"entity_ids": [
"9091843_T3",
"9091843_T5"
]
}
] |
20331351 | INTRODUCTION: Garlic (Allium sativum), traditionally being used as a spice worldwide, has different applications and is claimed to possess beneficial effects in several health ailments such as tumor and atherosclerosis. Garlic is also an immunomodulator and its different components are responsible for different propert... | [
{
"id": "20331351_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
193,
198
]
],
"text": [
"tumor"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20331351_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
203,
218
]
],
"text": [
"at... | [] | [
{
"id": "20331351_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"beneficial effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
157
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "20331351_T1"
},
... | [] |
7676710 | This study was designed to investigate the optimal dose of garlic during long-term feeding and its preventive and therapeutic effects on colon cancer in rats induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). A total of 240 male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped and fed with either a basal or a garlic diet of different concentrati... | [
{
"id": "7676710_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
137,
149
]
],
"text": [
"colon cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "7676710_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
430,
441
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "7676710_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"prevent"
],
"offsets": [
[
1250,
1257
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "7676710_T8"
},
{
"... | [] |
21688009 | BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consist of an uncontrolled intestinal inflammation leading to mucosal disruption. This inflammation is accompanied by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polyphenols are micronutrients with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and may play a... | [
{
"id": "21688009_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
12,
39
]
],
"text": [
"Inflammatory bowel diseases"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "21688009_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
41,
44
]
],
"... | [] | [
{
"id": "21688009_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"protection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1786,
1796
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "21688009_T11"
},
{
... | [
{
"id": "21688009_1",
"entity_ids": [
"21688009_T16",
"21688009_T13"
]
},
{
"id": "21688009_2",
"entity_ids": [
"21688009_T1",
"21688009_T2"
]
}
] |
1466630 | In a follow-up study the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and changes in ventilatory capacity were followed over a period of three years in 38 female and 28 male hemp workers in a textile industry. The prevalence of all respiratory symptoms was found to be increased. Significant acute reductions of ventilator... | [
{
"id": "1466630_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
39,
67
]
],
"text": [
"chronic respiratory symptoms"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "1466630_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
786,
796
]
],
... | [] | [
{
"id": "1466630_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"cause"
],
"offsets": [
[
892,
897
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "1466630_T3"
},
{
"role": "... | [] |
8415125 | Here we report that genistein, a soybean isoflavone, strongly inhibits tumor promoter-induced H2O2 formation both in vivo and in vitro. Genistein suppressed H2O2 production by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate- (TPA) stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner over... | [
{
"id": "8415125_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
71,
76
]
],
"text": [
"tumor"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8415125_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
1331,
1338
]
],
"text": [
"canc... | [] | [
{
"id": "8415125_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"inhibits"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
70
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "8415125_T1"
},
{
"rol... | [] |
9625398 | BACKGROUND: Garlic powder tablets have been reported to lower serum cholesterol levels. There is widespread belief among the general public that garlic powder tablets aid in controlling cholesterol levels. However, much of the prior data demonstrating the cholesterol-lowering effect of garlic tablets involved studies t... | [
{
"id": "9625398_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
446,
466
]
],
"text": [
"hypercholesterolemia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "9625398_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
1887,
1907
]
],
"tex... | [] | [] | [] |
19353489 | Passiflora edulis, commonly known as "maracuj ", is widely cultivated in Brazil for the industrial production of juice. The species of Passiflora are popularly used as a sedative or tranquillizer, and also against intermittent fever and skin inflammation. In this study we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of fo... | [
{
"id": "19353489_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
238,
255
]
],
"text": [
"skin inflammation"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19353489_T4",
"type": "Plant",
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "19353489_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"against"
],
"offsets": [
[
207,
214
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "19353489_T3"
},
{
"... | [] |
20138903 | Epidemiological data suggest that consumption of coffee and tea is associated with a reduced risk of several chronic and degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, obesity and neurodegenerative disorders. Both coffee and tea are a rich source of phenolic compounds including chlorogenic acids in... | [
{
"id": "20138903_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
121,
142
]
],
"text": [
"degenerative diseases"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20138903_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
153,
177
]
],
"te... | [] | [
{
"id": "20138903_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"reduced risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
97
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "20138903_T1"
},
{
... | [] |
20699592 | Agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis, Aquilaria crasna) is well known as an incense in the oriental region such as Thailand, Taiwan, and Cambodia, and is used as a digestive in traditional medicine. We investigated the laxative effects and mechanism of agarwood leaves extracted with ethanol (EEA-1, Aquilaria sinensis; EEA-2, A... | [
{
"id": "20699592_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
562,
570
]
],
"text": [
"diarrhea"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20699592_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
614,
622
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "20699592_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"induced"
],
"offsets": [
[
599,
606
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "20699592_T2"
},
{
"role... | [] |
8805113 | The effect of a locally applied peppermint oil preparation on tension-type headache was examined in the design of a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study for the first time. The preparation was tested against both the reference substance acetaminophen and to the corresponding placebo. The liquid t... | [
{
"id": "8805113_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
62,
83
]
],
"text": [
"tension-type headache"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8805113_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
821,
842
]
],
"text":... | [] | [
{
"id": "8805113_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"reduced"
],
"offsets": [
[
1490,
1497
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "8805113_T10"
},
{
... | [] |
16500554 | OBJECTIVE: The effects of different dietary oils on the development of colitis-associated colon cancer have not been studied. The present study examined the effect of different dietary oils on the severity of chronic colitis, development of colitis-associated premalignant changes, and colonic expression of cyclooxygena... | [
{
"id": "16500554_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
71,
102
]
],
"text": [
"colitis-associated colon cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "16500554_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
209,
224
]
]... | [] | [
{
"id": "16500554_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"decreases"
],
"offsets": [
[
1493,
1502
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "16500554_T15"
},
{
... | [] |
20155621 | Pomegranate fruit from the tree Punica granatum has been dubbed as the "nature's power fruit." Dating back to Biblical times, the tree itself is attributed to possess extraordinary medicinal properties. The geographical distribution of the tree, being native to the Middle East and some Asian countries, is generally att... | [
{
"id": "20155621_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
705,
744
]
],
"text": [
"breast, prostate, colon and lung cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20155621_T3",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
966,
981
... | [] | [
{
"id": "20155621_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"inhibit"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
690
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "20155621_T15"
},
{
... | [] |
8865119 | While it is well-established that smoking is the predominant risk factor for lung cancer, it is clear that factors other than smoking and occupational exposure play a role in some lung cancers, and particularly adenocarcinoma. Data from a large, hospital-based case-control study are used to examine the association of s... | [
{
"id": "8865119_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
77,
88
]
],
"text": [
"lung cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8865119_T3",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
211,
225
]
],
"text": [
"... | [] | [
{
"id": "8865119_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"increased"
],
"offsets": [
[
942,
951
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "8865119_T16"
},
{
"rol... | [] |
19638245 | BACKGROUND: Interest is rising in smokeless tobacco as a safer alternative to smoking, but published reviews on smokeless tobacco and cancer are limited. We review North American and European studies and compare effects of smokeless tobacco and smoking. METHODS: We obtained papers from MEDLINE searches, published revie... | [
{
"id": "19638245_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
134,
140
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19638245_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
428,
434
]
],
"text": [
"c... | [] | [
{
"id": "19638245_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"evident"
],
"offsets": [
[
2270,
2277
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "19638245_T13"
},
{
"r... | [] |
22706885 | INTRODUCTION: People who continue to smoke after a cancer diagnosis have an increased risk for recurrences or development of new malignancies. These risks may be even higher among tobacco-related cancer survivors (TRCS). We describe tobacco use behaviors among TRCS, other cancer survivors, and people without a history ... | [
{
"id": "22706885_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
51,
57
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "22706885_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
125,
141
]
],
"text": [
"new... | [] | [
{
"id": "22706885_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
188,
195
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "22706885_T3"
},
{
"role... | [] |
22013392 | INTRODUCTION: Smoking-attributable risks for lung, esophageal, and head and neck (H/N) cancers range from 54% to 90%. Identifying areas with higher than average cancer risk and smoking rates, then targeting those areas for intervention, is one approach to more rapidly lower the overall tobacco disease burden in a given... | [
{
"id": "22013392_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
82,
94
]
],
"text": [
"H/N) cancers"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "22013392_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
161,
167
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "22013392_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"associated"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
452
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "22013392_T3"
},
{
"r... | [] |
24672557 | BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the combination of vitex agnus castus extract, as a source of phytoestrogens, plus magnesium supplementation on osteogenic and angiogenic factors and callus formation in women with long bone fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a double-blind randomi... | [
{
"id": "24672557_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
184,
217
]
],
"text": [
"osteogenic and angiogenic factors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24672557_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
258,
271
]
... | [] | [
{
"id": "24672557_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"roles"
],
"offsets": [
[
1829,
1834
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "24672557_T9"
},
{
"... | [] |
11577746 | A coffee extract significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitis in D-galactosamine-sensitized rats, as assessed by the plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities, when it was added to the diet (30 g/kg) and fed to rats for 14 days. Its effect was as strong as that of a green tea extra... | [
{
"id": "11577746_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
75,
84
]
],
"text": [
"hepatitis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11577746_T4",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
366,
375
]
],
"text": [
"... | [] | [
{
"id": "11577746_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"suppressed"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "11577746_T2"
},
{
... | [] |
23801107 | PRINCIPLES: Switzerland is divided into 26 cantons of variable population size and cultural characteristics. Although a federal law to protect against passive smoking and a national tobacco control programme exist, details of tobacco-related policies are canton-specific. This study aimed to project gender-specific toba... | [
{
"id": "23801107_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
332,
338
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "23801107_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
495,
501
]
],
"text": [
"c... | [] | [
{
"id": "23801107_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
324,
331
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "23801107_T1"
},
{
"role... | [] |
21199169 | Green tea is now recognized as the most effective cancer preventive beverage. In one study, 10 Japanese-size cups of green tea daily supplemented with tablets of green tea extract limited the recurrence of colorectal polyps in humans to 50%. Thus, cancer patients who consume green tea and take anticancer drugs will hav... | [
{
"id": "21199169_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
50,
56
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "21199169_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
248,
254
]
],
"text": [
"can... | [] | [
{
"id": "21199169_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"limited"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
187
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "21199169_T6"
},
{
"... | [] |
22489319 | Oxyresveratrol is a potent antioxidant and free-radical scavenger found in mulberry wood (Morus alba L.) with demonstrated protective effects against cerebral ischemia. We analyzed the neuroprotective ability of oxyresveratrol using an in vitro model of stretch-induced trauma in co-cultures of neurons and glia, or by e... | [
{
"id": "22489319_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
150,
167
]
],
"text": [
"cerebral ischemia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "22489319_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
270,
276
]
],
"text":... | [] | [
{
"id": "22489319_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"protective effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
141
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "22489319_T8"
},
... | [
{
"id": "22489319_1",
"entity_ids": [
"22489319_T8",
"22489319_T11"
]
}
] |
8187734 | We examined the risk of obstructive respiratory disease associated with tobacco smoke in indoor air, independent of active smoking, ambient air pollution, and some of the other sources of residential indoor air pollution. Data came from a probability sample survey of nine neighborhoods in Philadelphia conducted in 1985... | [
{
"id": "8187734_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
36,
55
]
],
"text": [
"respiratory disease"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8187734_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
717,
736
]
],
"text": [... | [] | [] | [] |
15358907 | With the highest tobacco abuse prevalence among all minorities, American Indians incur high rates of tobacco-related cancers. As a people, we have the poorest survival rate from cancer of any racial or ethnic group, due to a lack of access to specialist care and to low socioeconomic status (http://info.his.gov). With s... | [
{
"id": "15358907_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
117,
124
]
],
"text": [
"cancers"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15358907_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
178,
184
]
],
"text": [
"... | [] | [
{
"id": "15358907_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
116
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "15358907_T1"
},
{
"role... | [] |
19897839 | Effective tobacco control efforts have resulted in substantial declines in tobacco use and tobacco-related cancer deaths in the United States. Nearly 40% of reductions in male lung cancer deaths between 1991 and 2003 can be attributed to smoking declines in the last half century. Nevertheless, tobacco use still remains... | [
{
"id": "19897839_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
107,
113
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19897839_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
171,
187
]
],
"text": [
"m... | [] | [
{
"id": "19897839_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
106
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "19897839_T1"
},
{
"role"... | [] |
17894889 | BACKGROUND: Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the US. The risk of dying from smoking-related diseases remains elevated for former smokers years after quitting. The identification of irreversible effects of tobacco smoke on airway gene expression may provide insights into the causes of this e... | [
{
"id": "17894889_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
1656,
1668
]
],
"text": [
"lung disease"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17894889_T2",
"type": "Plant",
"offsets": [
[
12,
19
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "17894889_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"induced"
],
"offsets": [
[
1648,
1655
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "17894889_T1"
},
{
"ro... | [] |
8824512 | Previous work has shown that the efficacy of cancer prevention by selenium-enriched garlic (Se-garlic) is primarily dependent on the action of selenium. An aqueous extract containing 43 micro Se/ml was prepared from lyophilized Se-garlic powder by the Soxhlet method. The activity of this Se-garlic extract was evaluated... | [
{
"id": "8824512_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
1403,
1416
]
],
"text": [
"mammary tumor"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8824512_T3",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
1541,
1547
]
],
"text": [... | [] | [
{
"id": "8824512_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"prevention"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
62
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "8824512_T5"
},
{
"r... | [] |
23830446 | Gliadin from wheat is a common food allergen that can induce baker's asthma, wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and celiac disease. This gliadin assay focuses on rapidly screen and check for gluten contamination in raw materials and in the gluten-free food production process, not only for ... | [
{
"id": "23830446_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
110,
121
]
],
"text": [
"anaphylaxis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "23830446_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
123,
140
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "23830446_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"induced"
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
109
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "23830446_T1"
},
{
"role... | [] |
17661225 | Tobacco smoke is a known human carcinogen that primarily produces malignant lesions in the respiratory tract, although it also affects multiple other sites. A reliable and practical animal model of tobacco smoke-induced lung cancer would be helpful for in studies of product modification and chemoprevention. Over the ye... | [
{
"id": "17661225_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
66,
83
]
],
"text": [
"malignant lesions"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17661225_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
220,
231
]
],
"text": [... | [] | [
{
"id": "17661225_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"produces"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
65
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "17661225_T10"
},
{
"role... | [] |
1423310 | In 10 separate experiments, mice with established chemically induced or UV light-induced skin papillomas were treated continuously with green tea in the drinking water or with i.p. injections of a green tea polyphenol fraction or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate three times a week for 4-10 weeks. Partial tumor regression o... | [
{
"id": "1423310_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
89,
104
]
],
"text": [
"skin papillomas"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "1423310_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
302,
307
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "1423310_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"inhibited"
],
"offsets": [
[
1219,
1228
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "1423310_T15"
},
{
... | [] |
20011028 | Panaxytriol is a nutraceutical-based active constituent of Korean red ginseng and is reported to exhibit potent anti-tumor properties. Its activity may be in part due to its induction of phase 2 chemoprotective enzymes. Its unique properties may have important implications in cancer therapeutics. | [
{
"id": "20011028_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
117,
122
]
],
"text": [
"tumor"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20011028_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
277,
283
]
],
"text": [
"ca... | [] | [
{
"id": "20011028_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"exhibit"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
104
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "20011028_T4"
},
{
"r... | [] |
9806160 | Male and female strain A/J mice were exposed to a mixture of cigarette sidestream and mainstream smoke at a chamber concentration of total suspended particulates of 82.5 mg/m3. Exposure time was 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 5 months. The animals were allowed to recover for another 4 months in filtered air before sacrifice ... | [
{
"id": "9806160_T3",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
757,
763
]
],
"text": [
"tumors"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "9806160_T4",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
820,
826
]
],
"text": [
"tum... | [] | [
{
"id": "9806160_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"increased"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
721
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "9806160_T2"
},
{
"role... | [] |
8391063 | PURPOSE: Vitamin A and retinoids are strong inhibitors of epithelial cancer promotion and progression in experimental carcinogenesis. This study examined whether they may prevent the occurrence of upper aerodigestive cancer in subjects heavily exposed to tobacco smoking, such as patients already cured of an early-stage... | [
{
"id": "8391063_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
58,
75
]
],
"text": [
"epithelial cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8391063_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
217,
223
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "8391063_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
1506,
1513
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "8391063_T13"
},
{
"rol... | [] |
23972241 | Extract of Myrica cerifera bark has long been fruitfully used as a hepato-protective and anti-cancer drug in various complementary and alternative systems of medicine. Myricanone, its principal bioactive compound, had also been reported to have apoptosis-promoting ability. We evaluated its anti-cancer potential in vitr... | [
{
"id": "23972241_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
89,
100
]
],
"text": [
"anti-cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "23972241_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
291,
302
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "23972241_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"fruitfully"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
56
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "23972241_T6"
},
{
... | [] |
21894150 | Anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract, a plant-derived antioxidant, has been utilized as a popular supplement for ocular health worldwide. However, it is unclear whether this extract has any biological effect on visual function, and the mechanism for such an effect is completely unknown. In this study, we generated a mouse... | [
{
"id": "21894150_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
348,
355
]
],
"text": [
"uveitis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "21894150_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
373,
393
]
],
"text": [
"... | [] | [
{
"id": "21894150_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"protective effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1348,
1365
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "21894150_T10"
},
... | [] |
1523784 | Fungal infections of the nasal cavity are a common cause of nasal disease in the dog and cat. Aspergillus fumigatus most commonly affects the dog; Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common fungus isolated from the cat. Rhinosporidium infection causes obstructive nasal polyps in the dog but has not been reported in the... | [
{
"id": "1523784_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
0,
37
]
],
"text": [
"Fungal infections of the nasal cavity"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "1523784_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
60,
73
]
]... | [] | [
{
"id": "1523784_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"cause"
],
"offsets": [
[
475,
480
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "1523784_T15"
},
{
"role": ... | [] |
7884559 | There is much evidence suggesting that compounds present in soybeans can prevent cancer in many different organ systems. The evidence for specific soybean-derived compounds having a suppressive effect on carcinogenesis in animal model systems is limited, however. There is evidence that the following isolated soybean de... | [
{
"id": "7884559_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
81,
87
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "7884559_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
843,
849
]
],
"text": [
"cance... | [] | [
{
"id": "7884559_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"prevent"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
80
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "7884559_T1"
},
{
"role... | [] |
11117612 | Coffee consumption was recently shown to protect against symptomatic gallbladder disease in men. The authors examined the relation of ultrasound-documented gallbladder disease with coffee drinking in 13,938 adult participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. The prevalence of to... | [
{
"id": "11117612_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
69,
88
]
],
"text": [
"gallbladder disease"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "11117612_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
156,
175
]
],
"text":... | [
{
"id": "11117612_R1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease_wo",
"arg1_id": "11117612_T12",
"arg2_id": "11117612_T4",
"normalized": []
}
] | [
{
"id": "11117612_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"protect"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
48
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "11117612_T1"
},
{
"ro... | [] |
2996118 | Fasting and postprandial intragastric bile acid concentrations were determined in healthy subjects and in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer. The results showed great interindividual variation and wide overlapping between groups. Mean bile acid concentrations, fasting and postprandially, were significantly higher... | [
{
"id": "2996118_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
120,
146
]
],
"text": [
"gastric and duodenal ulcer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "2996118_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
338,
351
]
],
... | [] | [
{
"id": "2996118_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"reduced"
],
"offsets": [
[
543,
550
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "2996118_T6"
},
{
"ro... | [] |
23317220 | Onions (Allium cepa L.) are widely used in the food industry for its nutritional and aromatic properties. Our studies showed that ethyl acetate extract of onion (EEO) had potent inhibitory effects on animal fatty acid synthase (FAS), and could induce apoptosis in FAS over-expressing human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells... | [
{
"id": "23317220_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
290,
303
]
],
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "23317220_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
790,
797
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "23317220_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"preventing"
],
"offsets": [
[
961,
971
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "23317220_T8"
},
{
... | [
{
"id": "23317220_1",
"entity_ids": [
"23317220_T9",
"23317220_T10"
]
}
] |
19552815 | BACKGROUND: Garlic or Allium sativum (As) shows therapeutic effects such as reduction of blood pressure or hypercholesterolemia but side-effects on reproductive functions remain poorly investigated. Because of garlic's chemical complexity, the processing methods and yield in preparations differ in efficacy and safety. ... | [
{
"id": "19552815_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
107,
127
]
],
"text": [
"hypercholesterolemia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19552815_T2",
"type": "Plant",
"offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"text": ... | [] | [
{
"id": "19552815_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
67
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "19552815_T4"
},
{
"ro... | [] |
20001818 | Tobacco use exerts a huge toll on persons with mental illnesses and substance abuse disorders, accounting for 200,000 of the annual 443,000 annual tobacco-related deaths in the United States. Persons with chronic mental illness die 25 years earlier than the general population does, and smoking is the major contributor ... | [
{
"id": "20001818_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
68,
93
]
],
"text": [
"substance abuse disorders"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20001818_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
205,
227
]
],
"... | [] | [
{
"id": "20001818_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"exerts"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "20001818_T7"
},
{
"role": ... | [] |
17012261 | The use of tobacco products is associated with an increased incidence of periodontal disease, poor response to periodontal therapy, and a high risk for developing head and neck cancer. Nicotine and tobacco-derived nitrosamines have been shown to exhibit their pathobiologic effects due in part to activation of the nicot... | [
{
"id": "17012261_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
73,
92
]
],
"text": [
"periodontal disease"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "17012261_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
163,
183
]
],
"text":... | [] | [
{
"id": "17012261_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"increased incidence"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
69
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "17012261_T1"
},
{
... | [] |
19579948 | In this study, the neuroprotective effect of the extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) was investigated against MSG-induced neurotoxicity of male albino rat. The daily dose (4 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) i.p. injection of pure monosodium glutamate (MSG) for 30 days and subsequent withdrawal caused a significant decrease in epin... | [
{
"id": "19579948_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
126,
139
]
],
"text": [
"neurotoxicity"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19579948_T4",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
2069,
2077
]
],
"text": [... | [] | [
{
"id": "19579948_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"role"
],
"offsets": [
[
2035,
2039
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "19579948_T17"
},
{
"... | [] |
7586181 | We reported previously that garlic cultivated with selenite fertilization showed powerful chemopreventive activity in the rat dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor model (Carcinogenesis 15, 573-576, 1994). In order to ascertain that the efficacy of the high-selenium garlic in cancer protection is prima... | [
{
"id": "7586181_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
167,
180
]
],
"text": [
"mammary tumor"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "7586181_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
294,
300
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "7586181_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"protect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1677,
1684
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "7586181_T29"
},
{
... | [] |
22648725 | BACKGROUND: Olive oil consumption is associated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, data on the effects of olive oil on overall mortality are scarce. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the association between olive oil and overall and cause-specific mortality in ... | [
{
"id": "22648725_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
81,
97
]
],
"text": [
"chronic diseases"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "22648725_T4",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
670,
673
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "22648725_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"associated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1515,
1525
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "22648725_T19"
},
{
... | [] |
15042305 | Chronic consumption of alcohol is an accepted social custom worldwide. In the upper aerodigestive tract, local morphologic, metabolic and functional alterations can be present due such consumption. Gastroesophageal reflux or alterations in sleep structure are typical examples of functional disorders. While alcohol was ... | [
{
"id": "15042305_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
198,
221
]
],
"text": [
"Gastroesophageal reflux"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15042305_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
268,
300
]
],
"... | [] | [] | [] |
8634537 | As part of a comprehensive risk assessment study for fumonisins, reliable data on exposure of populations to these dietary toxins must be obtained. To assess the extent of worldwide exposure, the published literature on the contamination of food and feed supplies has been reviewed and supplemented with unpublished mate... | [
{
"id": "8634537_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
443,
463
]
],
"text": [
"Animal mycotoxicoses"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8634537_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
523,
528
]
],
"text"... | [] | [
{
"id": "8634537_E2",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"incidence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1213,
1222
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "8634537_T3"
},
{
"ro... | [] |
10743678 | Based on the previously suggested hypothesis that the generation of free radicals leading to lipid peroxidation is involved in the genesis of vasospasm and vasculopathy following subarachnoid hemorrhage, the therapeutic effect of EGb 761 as an antioxidant on experimental vasospasm and vasculopathy was evaluated in a do... | [
{
"id": "10743678_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
142,
168
]
],
"text": [
"vasospasm and vasculopathy"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10743678_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
179,
202
]
],
... | [] | [
{
"id": "10743678_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1435,
1441
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "10743678_T6"
},
{
... | [] |
15308586 | Increased consumption of tomato products is associated with a decreased risk of cancer. The present study was performed to investigate whether consumption of a tomato oleoresin extract for 2 weeks can affect endogenous levels of DNA single strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy non-smokers and smokers... | [
{
"id": "15308586_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
80,
86
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15308586_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
1867,
1872
]
],
"text": [
"t... | [] | [
{
"id": "15308586_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"associated"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
54
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "15308586_T4"
},
{
... | [] |
15770206 | We investigated whether tobacco use causes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in a large cohort study with complete and long-term follow-up. A total of 756 incident cases occurred in a cohort of 337,311 men during a 30-year follow-up period, but no association was found between any kind of smoking tobacco use and... | [
{
"id": "15770206_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
43,
76
]
],
"text": [
"cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15770206_T2",
"type": "Plant",
"offsets": [
[
24,
31
]
],
... | [] | [] | [
{
"id": "15770206_1",
"entity_ids": [
"15770206_T1",
"15770206_T10"
]
}
] |
16011289 | OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effect of Lespedeza Michx in experimental rat model of minimal change nephropathy (MCN). METHOD: The rat MCN model was reproduced by tail-intravenous injection of Adriamycin. The treatment effect of Lespedeza Michx was determined by the detection of urine protein collection for 24 ho... | [
{
"id": "16011289_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
528,
545
]
],
"text": [
"urine proteinuria"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "16011289_T4",
"type": "Plant",
"offsets": [
[
46,
61
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "16011289_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"therapeutic effect of"
],
"offsets": [
[
24,
45
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "16011289_T4"
},
... | [
{
"id": "16011289_1",
"entity_ids": [
"16011289_T1",
"16011289_T3"
]
}
] |
10971235 | BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies suggest that coffee use might protect against colorectal cancer. Inconsistencies as to the effect of coffee use and colorectal cancer between epidemiologic studies might be related to the type of coffee brew. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of unfiltered coffee consumption on putative... | [
{
"id": "10971235_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
80,
97
]
],
"text": [
"colorectal cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "10971235_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
150,
167
]
],
"text": [... | [] | [
{
"id": "10971235_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"protect"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
71
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "10971235_T1"
},
{
"ro... | [] |
21105694 | To investigate the preventive effects of tea on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, male C57BL/6J mice were given a high-fat diet containing 29% lard and also green or black tea ad libitum for 14 weeks. Both teas suppressed body weight gain and deposition of white adipose tissue caused by the diet. In addition, they ... | [
{
"id": "21105694_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
48,
61
]
],
"text": [
"hyperglycemia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "21105694_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
329,
342
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "21105694_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"suppress"
],
"offsets": [
[
752,
760
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "21105694_T7"
},
{
... | [] |
8983097 | We have undertaken an autopsy-based study to evaluate the etiologic importance of active and passive smoking, as well as socio-demographic variables, in the development of pathologic precursors of lung cancer. Lung specimens were taken at autopsy from 531 persons who had died within four hours from a cause other than r... | [
{
"id": "8983097_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
172,
208
]
],
"text": [
"pathologic precursors of lung cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8983097_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
334,
340
]
... | [] | [
{
"id": "8983097_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
1365,
1369
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "8983097_T8"
},
{
"role": ... | [] |
21933433 | BACKGROUND: Ginger is one of the most important spice crops and traditionally has been used as medicinal plant in Bangladesh. The present work is aimed to find out antioxidant and anticancer activities of two Bangladeshi ginger varieties (Fulbaria and Syedpuri) at young age grown under ambient (400 mol/mol) and elevat... | [
{
"id": "21933433_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
375,
388
]
],
"text": [
"breast cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "21933433_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
1161,
1167
]
],
"text": [... | [] | [
{
"id": "21933433_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1598,
1607
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "21933433_T3"
},
{
... | [] |
23265703 | INTRODUCTION: Cancer registration coverage and cancer control programmes in South Eastern (SE) Europe, embracing about six new EU member states, remain thin, despite a relatively high incidence and mortality burden from avoidable cancers, particularly in males. We assembled the most recent cancer registry data to estim... | [
{
"id": "23265703_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
14,
53
]
],
"text": [
"Cancer registration coverage and cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "23265703_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
220,
237
... | [] | [
{
"id": "23265703_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
1889,
1896
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "23265703_T11"
},
{
"r... | [] |
19858733 | The Mediterranean diet, in which olive oil is the primary source of fat, is associated with a low mortality for cardiovascular disease. Data concerning olive oil consumption and primary end points for cardiovascular disease are scarce. However, a large body of knowledge exists providing evidence of the benefits of oliv... | [
{
"id": "19858733_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
112,
134
]
],
"text": [
"cardiovascular disease"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19858733_T3",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
201,
223
]
],
"t... | [] | [
{
"id": "19858733_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"associated"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
86
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "19858733_T10"
},
{
... | [] |
12589366 | BACKGROUND: Serologic cross-reactivity among legumes has been described; however, it is rarely clinically significant. In this study 3 patients with a history of anaphylaxis to pea are described who subsequently had symptoms after ingestion of peanut. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the peanut-related symptoms were ... | [
{
"id": "12589366_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
613,
616
]
],
"text": [
"CAP"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12589366_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
933,
942
]
],
"text": [
"urti... | [] | [
{
"id": "12589366_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
856,
863
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "12589366_T2"
},
{
"role... | [] |
21750018 | Hyperglycemia-linked oxidative stress and/or consequent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are the causative factors of pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Dietary bioactive components which mitigate oxidative stress may serve as potential chemopreventive agents to prevent or slow down the disease progression. Wolfber... | [
{
"id": "21750018_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"text": [
"Hyperglycemia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "21750018_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
135,
155
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "21750018_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"ameliorated"
],
"offsets": [
[
459,
470
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "21750018_T4"
},
{
... | [] |
8087773 | Government action and the advocacy activities that influence it are as important a concern for cancer control as they are for any other public issue. Policy advocacy strategies have proven themselves effective in cancer prevention efforts involving tobacco use and nutrition. Much of what has been learned from this expe... | [
{
"id": "8087773_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
95,
101
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8087773_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
213,
219
]
],
"text": [
"canc... | [] | [] | [] |
14602137 | In this paper, we present estimates of national cancer incidence in Portugal in 1996-1998, predictions for the year 2000, and interpret the recent cancer mortality trends in light of observations from epidemiological research and risk factor patterns. In Portugal, national mortality data from vital statistics are avail... | [
{
"id": "14602137_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
48,
54
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "14602137_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
147,
153
]
],
"text": [
"can... | [] | [
{
"id": "14602137_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
2008,
2015
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "14602137_T19"
},
{
"r... | [] |
12055740 | OBJECTIVE: To describe the mortality trends of cancer attributable to tobacco smoking, particularly lung cancer, for the 1980-1997 period in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mortality trends were analyzed for each type of cancer associated to tobacco smoking, according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)... | [
{
"id": "12055740_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
47,
53
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12055740_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
100,
111
]
],
"text": [
"lun... | [
{
"id": "12055740_R1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease_wo",
"arg1_id": "12055740_T20",
"arg2_id": "12055740_T7",
"normalized": []
}
] | [
{
"id": "12055740_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"attributable"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
66
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "12055740_T18"
},
{
"... | [] |
20622705 | OBJECTIVES: To assess the evidence for tobacco smoking as a risk factor for the causation of chronic pancreatitis. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis with random-effects models to estimate pooled relative risks (RRs) of chronic pancreatitis for current, former, and ever smokers, in comparison to never smokers. We al... | [
{
"id": "20622705_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
93,
113
]
],
"text": [
"chronic pancreatitis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20622705_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
223,
243
]
],
"text... | [] | [
{
"id": "20622705_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"causation"
],
"offsets": [
[
80,
89
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "20622705_T1"
},
{
"role... | [] |
16750122 | OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of Dau c 1 in three patients with carrot induced asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patient 1 had asthma when handling raw carrots. Sensitization to pollens wasn't detected. Patient 2 had rhinoconjunctivitis due to grass and olive pollen allergy. She had asthma when handling raw carrots. Patien... | [
{
"id": "16750122_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
79,
85
]
],
"text": [
"asthma"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "16750122_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
123,
129
]
],
"text": [
"ast... | [] | [
{
"id": "16750122_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"due to"
],
"offsets": [
[
372,
378
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "16750122_T5"
},
{
"role"... | [] |
19676128 | Higher coffee consumption has been associated inversely with the incidence of chronic liver disease in population studies. We examined the relationship of coffee consumption with liver disease progression in individuals with advanced hepatitis C-related liver disease. Baseline coffee and tea intake were assessed in 766... | [
{
"id": "19676128_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
78,
99
]
],
"text": [
"chronic liver disease"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19676128_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
179,
192
]
],
"text... | [] | [
{
"id": "19676128_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"associated"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
45
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "19676128_T9"
},
{
... | [] |
20021021 | Colorectal cancer is increasingly common nowadays in Asian countries and still remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. In our laboratory, we studied the chemopreventive and hypolipidemic effect of ginger, a dietary spice, in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer. Rats were give... | [
{
"id": "20021021_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
0,
17
]
],
"text": [
"Colorectal cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20021021_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
115,
121
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "20021021_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
218,
224
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "20021021_T6"
},
{
"r... | [] |
20410593 | Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER, has been used as a food product and medicinal ingredient. In this study, we assessed the anti-arthritic effects of red ginseng saponin extract (RGSE), including ginsenosides Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5 as major components, on a murine type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA), ... | [
{
"id": "20410593_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
359,
368
]
],
"text": [
"arthritis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20410593_T3",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
431,
440
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "20410593_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"reduced"
],
"offsets": [
[
410,
417
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "20410593_T18"
},
{
... | [] |
23139132 | The prophylactic effects of oleanolic acid (OA) isolated from chloroform extract (CE) of Flaveria trinervia against ethanol induced liver toxicity was investigated using rats. CE and OA at three different doses were tested by administering orally to the ethanol treated animals during the last week of the 7 weeks study.... | [
{
"id": "23139132_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
132,
146
]
],
"text": [
"liver toxicity"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "23139132_T9",
"type": "Plant",
"offsets": [
[
89,
107
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "23139132_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"against"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
115
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "23139132_T2"
},
{
"... | [] |
12197220 | The present study examines the effect of tobacco smoking on the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene, COX enzymatic activity and prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in urothelial mucosal tissues from patients with bladder cancer and from normal individuals. The detection frequency of COX-2 mRNA was 2-fold higher in bladd... | [
{
"id": "12197220_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
212,
226
]
],
"text": [
"bladder cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "12197220_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
315,
329
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [] | [] |
21095205 | Our previous study demonstrated that Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil (TTO) had an interesting antiviral activity against Influenza A in MDCK cells. In fact, when we tested TTO and some of its components, we found that TTO had an inhibitory effect on influenza virus replication at doses below the cytotoxic dose; t... | [
{
"id": "21095205_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
127,
138
]
],
"text": [
"Influenza A"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "21095205_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
505,
516
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "21095205_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"antiviral activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
118
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "21095205_T1"
},
... | [
{
"id": "21095205_1",
"entity_ids": [
"21095205_T5",
"21095205_T6"
]
}
] |
22676449 | BACKGROUND: Areca nut, the seed of fruit of an oriental palm, known as Areca catechu, is commonly chewed in many countries. Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, oropharyngeal and oesophageal cancers have been associated with areca nut chewing and the mechanism by which areca nut chewing increases the risk o... | [
{
"id": "22676449_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
124,
132
]
],
"text": [
"Diabetes"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "22676449_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
134,
146
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "22676449_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
318
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "22676449_T5"
},
{
"role": ... | [] |
15337553 | PURPOSE: In a single-institution, double-blind, prospective, randomized trial, we determined whether oral aloe vera gel can reduce radiation-induced mucositis in head-and-neck cancer patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We randomized 58 head-and-neck cancer patients between oral aloe vera and placebo. To be included in thi... | [
{
"id": "15337553_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
149,
158
]
],
"text": [
"mucositis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "15337553_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
162,
182
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "15337553_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"reduce"
],
"offsets": [
[
124,
130
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "15337553_T9"
},
{
"r... | [] |
9121937 | Gastric cancer is the major cancer in the developing world and one of the top two worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium implicated in the etiology of stomach cancer. The incidence of stomach cancer is lower in individuals and populations with high Allium vegetable intakes. Allium vegetables, particularly garlic... | [
{
"id": "9121937_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
0,
14
]
],
"text": [
"Gastric cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "9121937_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
28,
34
]
],
"text": [
"... | [] | [
{
"id": "9121937_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"lower risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
1279,
1289
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "9121937_T6"
},
{
... | [] |
20134006 | Contaminated drinking water is responsible for causing diarrheal diseases that kill millions of people a year. Additionally, toxin-producing blue-green algae associated with diarrhea and neurologic effects continues to be an issue for many drinking water supplies. Disinfection has been used to reduce these risks. A nov... | [
{
"id": "20134006_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
55,
73
]
],
"text": [
"diarrheal diseases"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20134006_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
174,
182
]
],
"text": ... | [] | [
{
"id": "20134006_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"associated"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
168
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "20134006_T4"
},
{
"r... | [] |
20353012 | OBJECTIVE: To study the antiinflammatory effects of naphtha from different chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora and natural borneol on the rat arthritis model induced by Freund's adjuvant. METHOD: The arthritis model was induced by injecting Freund's adjuvant in rat voix pedis dermis and the rats were randomly divided int... | [
{
"id": "20353012_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
140,
149
]
],
"text": [
"arthritis"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "20353012_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
198,
207
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "20353012_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
2212,
2218
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "20353012_T5"
},
{
... | [] |
19017194 | BACKGROUND: Chronic diarrhea can be challenging to manage in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) leading to ongoing diagnostics, medications, monitoring, and potential euthanasia. Coconut has been used as a dietary supplement for people with inflammatory bowel disease, with anecdotal reports of decreased diarrhea ... | [
{
"id": "19017194_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
12,
28
]
],
"text": [
"Chronic diarrhea"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "19017194_T3",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
247,
273
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "19017194_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"used"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
206
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "19017194_T8"
},
{
"rol... | [] |
1859018 | Atrial tachyarrhythmias are a common manifestation of digitalis toxicity. Such arrhythmias could be due to enhanced automaticity of subsidiary atrial pacemakers (SAP) compared to the sinoatrial (SA) node. Halothane is known to oppose digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Its effect on digitalis-caused atrial arrhy... | [
{
"id": "1859018_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
],
"text": [
"Atrial tachyarrhythmias"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "1859018_T3",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
132,
160
]
],
"text"... | [] | [
{
"id": "1859018_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"induced"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
251
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "1859018_T5"
},
{
"role":... | [
{
"id": "1859018_1",
"entity_ids": [
"1859018_T3",
"1859018_T4"
]
}
] |
22966340 | The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of aloe-emodin, an anthraquinone compound present in the leaves of Aloe vera, on two human colon carcinoma cell lines, DLD-1 and WiDr. Colon carcinoma cells were treated with various concentrations of aloe-emodin for different durations. Cell viability was me... | [
{
"id": "22966340_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
152,
167
]
],
"text": [
"colon carcinoma"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "22966340_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
196,
211
]
],
"text": [... | [] | [
{
"id": "22966340_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"involved"
],
"offsets": [
[
1599,
1607
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "22966340_T14"
},
{
... | [] |
23325103 | Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom used in Russian and Eastern European folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that the mycelium powders of I. obliquus possess significant antihyperglycemic effects in a... | [
{
"id": "23325103_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
114,
137
]
],
"text": [
"gastrointestinal cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "23325103_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
139,
161
]
],
"... | [] | [
{
"id": "23325103_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
315
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "23325103_T4"
},
{
"... | [] |
22272893 | The aim of this review is to summarize present knowledge of genetic variation in cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and 2C9 (CYP2C9) genes and risk of tobacco-related cancer, female cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic vascular disease. The CYP1B1 and CYP2C9 enzymes metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydroc... | [
{
"id": "22272893_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
161,
167
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "22272893_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
169,
182
]
],
"text": [
"f... | [] | [
{
"id": "22272893_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
160
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "22272893_T1"
},
{
"role... | [] |
22895979 | BACKGROUND: High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease attributing to about 50% of cardiovascular events worldwide and 37% of cardiovascular related deaths in Western populations. Epidemiological studies suggest that cocoa rich products reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Flavanol... | [
{
"id": "22895979_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
64,
86
]
],
"text": [
"cardiovascular disease"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "22895979_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
288,
310
]
],
"tex... | [] | [
{
"id": "22895979_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"reduce"
],
"offsets": [
[
269,
275
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "22895979_T2"
},
{
"r... | [] |
18537182 | Only three Japanese prospective studies have suggested an inverse association between coffee drinking and liver cancer risk. No prospective studies on the association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and liver cancer risk have been reported. We aimed to determine the single and joint associations of coffee... | [
{
"id": "18537182_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
106,
118
]
],
"text": [
"liver cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "18537182_T4",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
481,
487
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "18537182_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"association"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
77
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Cause",
"ref_id": "18537182_T15"
},
{
... | [] |
22114531 | Coriander has been recommended for the relief of pain, anxiety, flatulence, and loss of appetite. In traditional medicine, it is believed that coriander can induce some degree of amnesia in a child when his/her mother uses coriander during the pregnancy. We evaluated the effect of Coriandrum sativum seed extract on lea... | [
{
"id": "22114531_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
169,
186
]
],
"text": [
"degree of amnesia"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "22114531_T2",
"type": "Plant",
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "22114531_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"induce"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
163
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "22114531_T1"
},
{
"role"... | [] |
24618914 | Many epidemiological studies have indicated that coffee consumption may reduce the risks of developing obesity and diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood. Our previous study revealed the changes on gene expression profiles in the livers of C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet contai... | [
{
"id": "24618914_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
103,
110
]
],
"text": [
"obesity"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "24618914_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
115,
123
]
],
"text": [
"... | [] | [
{
"id": "24618914_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"reduce"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
78
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "24618914_T1"
},
{
"rol... | [] |
8111215 | After injection of garlic oil in tumor focus a large amount of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes appeared. Some neutrophils and macrophages located adjacent to the tumor cells, some processes of neutrophils and macrophages penetrated into intracellular body of tumor cells. This result showed that garlic oil coul... | [
{
"id": "8111215_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
33,
38
]
],
"text": [
"tumor"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8111215_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
171,
176
]
],
"text": [
"tumor"... | [] | [
{
"id": "8111215_E1",
"type": "Treatment_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"against"
],
"offsets": [
[
357,
364
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "8111215_T4"
},
{
"ro... | [] |
8664812 | Tobacco is the single most important cause of avoidable morbidity and early mortality in many countries. Tobacco-related cancer (TRC) cases constitute 48.2% in men and 20.1% in women of the total cancers seen in India per year. The age-adjusted rate (AAR) of TRC ranges from 44 to 67 among males and from 23 to 27 among ... | [
{
"id": "8664812_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
121,
127
]
],
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8664812_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
690,
709
]
],
"text": [
"Hin... | [] | [
{
"id": "8664812_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"related"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
120
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "8664812_T1"
},
{
"role":... | [] |
8357273 | Alcohol and tobacco habits have been identified as strong risk factors for esophageal cancer. Increased risks of esophageal cancer have also been reported to be associated with occupational exposure to asbestos and various metals, among vulcanization workers, asphalt workers, and workers in the petrochemical industry. ... | [
{
"id": "8357273_T1",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
75,
92
]
],
"text": [
"esophageal cancer"
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "8357273_T2",
"type": "Disease",
"offsets": [
[
113,
130
]
],
"text": [
... | [] | [
{
"id": "8357273_E1",
"type": "Cause_of_disease",
"trigger": {
"text": [
"risk"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
62
]
]
},
"arguments": [
{
"role": "Theme",
"ref_id": "8357273_T1"
},
{
"role": "Cau... | [] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.