markdown
stringlengths
0
1.02M
code
stringlengths
0
832k
output
stringlengths
0
1.02M
license
stringlengths
3
36
path
stringlengths
6
265
repo_name
stringlengths
6
127
[Volver a la Tabla de Contenido](TOC) Error en la aplicación de la regla trapezoidal Recordando que estos esquemas provienen de la serie truncada de Taylor, el error se puede obtener determinando el primer término truncado en el esquema, que para la regla trapezoidal de aplicación simple corresponde a:\begin{equation*...
from scipy.interpolate import barycentric_interpolate # usaremos uno de los tantos métodos de interpolación dispobibles en las bibliotecas de Python n = 3 # puntos a interpolar para un polinomio de grado 2 xp = np.linspace(a,b,n) # generación de n puntos igualmente esp...
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
Se observa que hay una gran diferencia entre las áreas que se estarían abarcando en la función llamada "*real*" (que se emplearon $100$ puntos para su generación) y la función *interpolada* (con únicamente $3$ puntos para su generación) que será la empleada en la integración numérica (aproximada) mediante la regla de *...
# se ingresan los valores del intervalo [a,b] a = float(input('Ingrese el valor del límite inferior: ')) b = float(input('Ingrese el valor del límite superior: ')) # cuerpo del programa por la regla de Simpson 1/3 h = (b-a)/2 # cálculo del valor de h x0 = a # valor del primer punto para la fórmula de S1/3 x1...
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
[Volver a la Tabla de Contenido](TOC) Error en la regla de Simpson 1/3 de aplicación simple El problema de calcular el error de esta forma es que realmente no conocemos el valor exacto. Para poder calcular el error al usar la regla de *Simpson 1/3*:\begin{equation*}\begin{split}-\frac{h^5}{90}f^{(4)}(\xi)\end{split}\l...
from sympy import * x = symbols('x')
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
Derivamos cuatro veces la función $f(x)$ con respecto a $x$:
deriv4 = diff(4 / (1 + x**2),x,4) deriv4
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
y evaluamos esta función de la cuarta derivada en un punto $0 \leq \xi \leq 1$. Como la función $f{^{(4)}}(x)$ es creciente en el intervalo $[0,1]$ (compruébelo gráficamente y/o por las técnicas vistas en cálculo diferencial), entonces, el valor que hace máxima la cuarta derivada en el intervalo dado es:
x0 = 1.0 evald4 = deriv4.evalf(subs={x: x0}) print('El valor de la cuarta derivada de f en x0={0:6.2f} es {1:6.4f}: '.format(x0, evald4))
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
Calculamos el error en la regla de *Simpson$1/3$*
errorS13 = abs(h**5*evald4/90) print('El error al usar la regla de Simpson 1/3 es: {0:6.6f}'.format(errorS13))
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
Entonces, podemos expresar el valor de la integral de la función $f(x)=e^{x^2}$ en el intervalo $[0,1]$ usando la *Regla de Simpson $1/3$* como:$$\color{blue}{\int_0^1 \frac{4}{1 + x^2}dx} = \color{green}{3,133333} \color{red}{+ 0.004167}$$ Si lo fuéramos a hacer "a mano" $\ldots$ aplicando la fórmula directamente, con...
# usaremos uno de los tantos métodos de interpolación dispobibles en las bibliotecas de Python n = 4 # puntos a interpolar para un polinomio de grado 2 xp = np.linspace(0,1,n) # generación de n puntos igualmente espaciados para la interpolación fp = funcion(xp) ...
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
Para poder calcular el error al usar la regla de *Simpson 3/8*:$$\color{red}{-\frac{3h^5}{80}f^{(4)}(\xi)}$$será necesario derivar cuatro veces la función original. Para esto, vamos a usar nuevamente el cálculo simbólico (siempre deben verificar que la respuesta obtenida es la correcta!!!):
errorS38 = 3*h**5*evald4/80 print('El error al usar la regla de Simpson 3/8 es: ',errorS38)
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
Entonces, podemos expresar el valor de la integral de la función $f(x)=e^{x^2}$ en el intervalo $[0,1]$ usando la *Regla de Simpson $3/8$* como:$$\color{blue}{\int_0^1\frac{4}{1 + x^2}dx} = \color{green}{3.138462} \color{red}{- 0.001852}$$ Aplicando la fórmula directamente, con los siguientes datos:$h = \frac{(1.0 - 0....
#
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
[Volver a la Tabla de Contenido](TOC) Cuadratura de Gauss Introducción Retomando la idea inicial de los esquemas de [cuadratura](Quadrature), el valor de la integral definida se estima de la siguiente manera:\begin{equation*}\begin{split}I=\int_a^b f(x)dx \approx \sum \limits_{i=0}^n c_if(x_i)\end{split}\label{eq:Ec5...
import numpy as np import pandas as pd GaussTable = [[[0], [2]], [[-1/np.sqrt(3), 1/np.sqrt(3)], [1, 1]], [[-np.sqrt(3/5), 0, np.sqrt(3/5)], [5/9, 8/9, 5/9]], [[-0.861136, -0.339981, 0.339981, 0.861136], [0.347855, 0.652145, 0.652145, 0.347855]], [[-0.90618, -0.538469, 0, 0.538469, 0.90618], [0.236927, 0.478629, 0.5688...
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
[Volver a la Tabla de Contenido](TOC) Ejemplo Cuadratura de Gauss Determine el valor aproximado de:$$\int_0^1 \frac{4}{1+x^2}dx$$empleando cuadratura gaussiana de dos puntos.Reemplazando los parámetros requeridos en la ecuación ([5.55](Ec5_55)), donde $a=0$, $b=1$, $x_0=-\sqrt{3}/3$ y $x_1=\sqrt{3}/3$\begin{equation*}...
import numpy as np def fxG(a, b, x): xG = ((b + a) + (b - a) * x) / 2 return funcion(xG) def GQ2(a,b): c0 = 1.0 c1 = 1.0 x0 = -1.0 / np.sqrt(3) x1 = 1.0 / np.sqrt(3) return (b - a) / 2 * (c0 * fxG(a,b,x0) + c1 * fxG(a,b,x1)) print(GQ2(a,b))
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
[Volver a la Tabla de Contenido](TOC)
from IPython.core.display import HTML def css_styling(): styles = open('./nb_style.css', 'r').read() return HTML(styles) css_styling()
_____no_output_____
MIT
Cap05_IntegracionNumerica.ipynb
Youngermaster/Numerical-Analysis
Deep Learning Assignment 5The goal of this assignment is to train a Word2Vec skip-gram model over Text8 data. Word2vec is a group of related models that are used to produce word embeddings. These models are shallow, two-layer neural networks that are trained to reconstruct linguistic contexts of words. Word2vec takes ...
# These are all the modules we'll be using later. Make sure you can import them # before proceeding further. %matplotlib inline from __future__ import print_function import collections import math import numpy as np import os import random import tensorflow as tf import zipfile from matplotlib import pylab from six.mov...
_____no_output_____
MIT
5_word2vec_skip-gram.ipynb
ramborra/Udacity-Deep-Learning
Download the data from the source website if necessary.
url = 'http://mattmahoney.net/dc/' def maybe_download(filename, expected_bytes): """Download a file if not present, and make sure it's the right size.""" if not os.path.exists(filename): filename, _ = urlretrieve(url + filename, filename) statinfo = os.stat(filename) if statinfo.st_size == expected_bytes: ...
Found and verified text8.zip
MIT
5_word2vec_skip-gram.ipynb
ramborra/Udacity-Deep-Learning
Read the data into a string.
def read_data(filename): """Extract the first file enclosed in a zip file as a list of words""" with zipfile.ZipFile(filename) as f: data = tf.compat.as_str(f.read(f.namelist()[0])).split() return data words = read_data(filename) print('Data size %d' % len(words))
Data size 17005207
MIT
5_word2vec_skip-gram.ipynb
ramborra/Udacity-Deep-Learning
Build the dictionary and replace rare words with UNK token. (UNK - Unknown Words)
vocabulary_size = 50000 def build_dataset(words): count = [['UNK', -1]] count.extend(collections.Counter(words).most_common(vocabulary_size - 1)) dictionary = dict() for word, _ in count: dictionary[word] = len(dictionary) data = list() unk_count = 0 for word in words: if word in dictionary: ...
_____no_output_____
MIT
5_word2vec_skip-gram.ipynb
ramborra/Udacity-Deep-Learning
Function to generate a training batch for the skip-gram model.
data_index = 0 def generate_batch(batch_size, num_skips, skip_window): global data_index assert batch_size % num_skips == 0 assert num_skips <= 2 * skip_window batch = np.ndarray(shape=(batch_size), dtype=np.int32) labels = np.ndarray(shape=(batch_size, 1), dtype=np.int32) span = 2 * skip_window + 1 # [ sk...
data: ['anarchism', 'originated', 'as', 'a', 'term', 'of', 'abuse', 'first'] with num_skips = 2 and skip_window = 1: batch: ['originated', 'originated', 'as', 'as', 'a', 'a', 'term', 'term'] labels: ['anarchism', 'as', 'originated', 'a', 'term', 'as', 'a', 'of'] with num_skips = 4 and skip_window = 2: bat...
MIT
5_word2vec_skip-gram.ipynb
ramborra/Udacity-Deep-Learning
Train a skip-gram model.
batch_size = 128 embedding_size = 128 # Dimension of the embedding vector. skip_window = 1 # How many words to consider left and right. num_skips = 2 # How many times to reuse an input to generate a label. # We pick a random validation set to sample nearest neighbors. here we limit the # validation samples to the words...
_____no_output_____
MIT
5_word2vec_skip-gram.ipynb
ramborra/Udacity-Deep-Learning
ERROR: type should be string, got " https://towardsdatascience.com/3-basic-steps-of-stock-market-analysis-in-python-917787012143"
%matplotlib inline !pip install yfinance !wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ta-lib/ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz !tar -xzvf ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz %cd ta-lib !./configure --prefix=/usr !make !make install !pip install Ta-Lib # from yahoofinancials import YahooFinancials import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pandas as...
_____no_output_____
MIT
Exercise/stocks-analysis.ipynb
JSJeong-me/Machine_Learning
Analysis notebook comparing scoping vs no-scoping for tower selectionPurpose of this notebook is to categorize and analyze generated towers.Requires:* `.pkl` generated by `stimuli/score_towers.py`See also:* `stimuli/generate_towers.ipynb` for plotting code and a similar analysis in the same place as the tower generati...
# set up imports import os import sys __file__ = os.getcwd() proj_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) sys.path.append(proj_dir) utils_dir = os.path.join(proj_dir, 'utils') sys.path.append(utils_dir) analysis_dir = os.path.join(proj_dir, 'analysis') analysis_utils_dir = os.path.join(analysis_dir, 'utils') ...
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
Load in data (we might have multiple dfs)
path_to_dfs = [os.path.join(df_dir, f) for f in ["RLDM_main_experiment.pkl"]] dfs = [pd.read_pickle(path_to_df) for path_to_df in path_to_dfs] print("Read {} dataframes: {}".format(len(dfs), path_to_dfs)) # merge dfs df = pd.concat(dfs) print("Merged dataframes: {}".format(df.shape)) # do a few things t...
/Users/felixbinder/opt/anaconda3/envs/scoping/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_methods.py:262: RuntimeWarning: Degrees of freedom <= 0 for slice ret = _var(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, ddof=ddof, /Users/felixbinder/opt/anaconda3/envs/scoping/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_methods.py:254: Runtim...
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
Let's explore the data a little bit
sum_df sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean() sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).count()
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
What is the rate of success?
display(sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('perfect', 'last')]) sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('perfect', 'last')].plot( kind='bar', title='Rate of perfect solutions') plt.show()
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
What is the difference in cost between the two conditions?
display(sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('cost', 'sum')]) sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('cost', 'sum')].plot( kind='bar', title='Mean action planning cost (for chosen solution', yerr=sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('cost', 'sem')]) plt.yscale('log') plt.show()
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
What about the total cost?
display(sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('total_cost', 'sum')]) sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('total_cost', 'sum')].plot( kind='bar', title='Total planning cost', yerr=sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('total_cost', 'sem')]) plt.yscale('log') plt.show() df[df['label'] == 'Full...
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
Is there a difference between the depth of found solutions?
display(sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('action', 'count')]) sum_df.groupby([('label', 'first')]).mean()[('action', 'count') ].plot(kind='bar', title='Mean number of actions')
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
Tower analysisNow that we have explored the data, let's look at the distribution over towers. Let's make a scatterplot over subgoal and no subgoal costs.
tower_sum_df = df.groupby(['label', 'world']).agg({ 'cost': ['sum', 'mean', sem], 'total_cost': ['sum', 'mean', sem], }) # flatten the index tower_sum_df.reset_index(inplace=True) tower_sum_df # for the scatterplots, we can only show two agents at the same time. label1 = 'Full Subgoal Planning' label2 = 'Best...
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
The same for the total subgoal planning cost
plt.scatter( x=tower_sum_df[tower_sum_df['label'] == label1]['total_cost']['sum'], y=tower_sum_df[tower_sum_df['label'] == label2]['total_cost']['sum'], c=tower_sum_df[tower_sum_df['label'] == label1]['world']) plt.title("Action planning cost of solving a tower with and without subgoals") plt.xlabel("Cost o...
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
Can we see a pattern between the relation of the solution and total subgoal planning cost for the subgoal agent?
plt.scatter( x=tower_sum_df[tower_sum_df['label'] == label1]['cost']['sum'], y=tower_sum_df[tower_sum_df['label'] == label2]['total_cost']['sum'], c=tower_sum_df[tower_sum_df['label'] == label1]['world']) plt.title("Cost of the found solution versus costs of all sequences of subgoals") plt.xlabel("Cost of t...
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
Looks like there are some **outliers**—let's look at those Do we have towers that can't be solved using a subgoal decomposition?
failed_df = df[(df['perfect'] == False)] display(failed_df) bad_ID = list(df[df['world_status'] == 'Fail']['run_ID'])[1] bad_ID df[df['run_ID'] == bad_ID] df[df['run_ID'] == bad_ID]['_chosen_subgoal_sequence'].dropna( ).values[-1].visual_display() df[df['run_ID'] == bad_ID]['_chosen_subgoal_sequence'].dropna( ).va...
_____no_output_____
MIT
analysis/tower selection analysis.ipynb
cogtoolslab/projection_block_construction
Imports
from music21 import converter, instrument, note, chord, stream import glob import pickle import numpy as np from keras.utils import np_utils
Using TensorFlow backend.
MIT
Music Generation.ipynb
karandevtyagi/AI-Music-Generator
Read a Midi File
midi = converter.parse("midi_songs/EyesOnMePiano.mid") midi midi.show('midi') midi.show('text') # Flat all the elements elements_to_parse = midi.flat.notes len(elements_to_parse) for e in elements_to_parse: print(e, e.offset) notes_demo = [] for ele in elements_to_parse: # If the element is a Note, then store...
_____no_output_____
MIT
Music Generation.ipynb
karandevtyagi/AI-Music-Generator
Preprocessing all Files
notes = [] for file in glob.glob("midi_songs/*.mid"): midi = converter.parse(file) # Convert file into stream.Score Object # print("parsing %s"%file) elements_to_parse = midi.flat.notes for ele in elements_to_parse: # If the element is a Note, then store it's pitch ...
['1+5+9', 'G#2', '1+5+9', '1+5+9', 'F3', 'F2', 'F2', 'F2', 'F2', 'F2', '4+9', 'E5', '4+9', 'C5', '4+9', 'A5', '4+9', '5+9', 'F5', '5+9', 'C5', '5+9', 'A5', '5+9', '4+9', 'E5', '4+9', 'C5', '4+9', 'A5', '4+9', 'F5', '5+9', 'C5', '5+9', 'E5', '5+9', 'D5', '5+9', 'E5', '4+9', 'E-5', '4+9', 'B5', '4+9', '4+9', 'A5', '5+9',...
MIT
Music Generation.ipynb
karandevtyagi/AI-Music-Generator
Prepare Sequential Data for LSTM
# Hoe many elements LSTM input should consider sequence_length = 100 # All unique classes pitchnames = sorted(set(notes)) # Mapping between ele to int value ele_to_int = dict( (ele, num) for num, ele in enumerate(pitchnames) ) network_input = [] network_output = [] for i in range(len(notes) - sequence_length): seq_...
(60398, 100, 1) (60398, 359)
MIT
Music Generation.ipynb
karandevtyagi/AI-Music-Generator
Create Model
from keras.models import Sequential, load_model from keras.layers import * from keras.callbacks import ModelCheckpoint, EarlyStopping model = Sequential() model.add( LSTM(units=512, input_shape = (normalised_network_input.shape[1], normalised_network_input.shape[2]), return_sequences = Tru...
_____no_output_____
MIT
Music Generation.ipynb
karandevtyagi/AI-Music-Generator
Predictions
sequence_length = 100 network_input = [] for i in range(len(notes) - sequence_length): seq_in = notes[i : i+sequence_length] # contains 100 values network_input.append([ele_to_int[ch] for ch in seq_in]) # Any random start index start = np.random.randint(len(network_input) - 1) # Mapping int_to_ele int_to_ele ...
['D2', 'D5', 'D3', 'C5', 'B4', 'D2', 'A4', 'D3', 'G#4', 'E5', '4+9', 'C5', 'A4', '0+5', 'C5', 'A4', 'F#5', 'C5', 'A4', '0+5', 'C5', 'A4', 'E5', 'C5', 'B4', 'D5', 'E5', '4+9', 'C5', 'A4', '0+5', '4+9', 'C5', 'A4', 'F#5', 'C5', 'A4', '0+5', 'C5', 'A4', 'E5', 'E3', 'C5', 'B2', 'B4', 'C3', 'D5', 'G#2', 'E5', '4+9', 'C5', '...
MIT
Music Generation.ipynb
karandevtyagi/AI-Music-Generator
Create Midi File
offset = 0 # Time output_notes = [] for pattern in prediction_output: # if the pattern is a chord if ('+' in pattern) or pattern.isdigit(): notes_in_chord = pattern.split('+') temp_notes = [] for current_note in notes_in_chord: new_note = note.Note(int(current_note)) #...
_____no_output_____
MIT
Music Generation.ipynb
karandevtyagi/AI-Music-Generator
Small helper function to read the tokens.
def read_file(filename): tokens = [] with open(PATH/filename, encoding='utf8') as f: for line in f: tokens.append(line.split() + [EOS]) return np.array(tokens) trn_tok = read_file('wiki.train.tokens') val_tok = read_file('wiki.valid.tokens') tst_tok = read_file('wiki.test.tokens') len(tr...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
Give an id to each token and add the pad token (just in case we need it).
itos = [o for o,c in cnt.most_common()] itos.insert(0,'<pad>') vocab_size = len(itos); vocab_size
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
Creates the mapping from token to id then numericalizing our datasets.
stoi = collections.defaultdict(lambda : 5, {w:i for i,w in enumerate(itos)}) trn_ids = np.array([([stoi[w] for w in s]) for s in trn_tok]) val_ids = np.array([([stoi[w] for w in s]) for s in val_tok]) tst_ids = np.array([([stoi[w] for w in s]) for s in tst_tok])
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
Testing WeightDropout Create a bunch of parameters for deterministic tests.
module = nn.LSTM(20, 20) tst_input = torch.randn(2,5,20) tst_output = torch.randint(0,20,(10,)).long() save_params = {} for n,p in module._parameters.items(): save_params[n] = p.clone()
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
Old WeightDropout
module = nn.LSTM(20, 20) for n,p in save_params.items(): module._parameters[n] = nn.Parameter(p.clone()) dp_module = WeightDrop(module, 0.5) opt = optim.SGD(dp_module.parameters(), 10) dp_module.train() torch.manual_seed(7) x = tst_input.clone() x.requires_grad_(requires_grad=True) h = (torch.zeros(1,5,20), torch.zeros...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
New WeightDropout
class WeightDropout(nn.Module): "A module that warps another layer in which some weights will be replaced by 0 during training." def __init__(self, module, dropout, layer_names=['weight_hh_l0']): super().__init__() self.module,self.dropout,self.layer_names = module,dropout,layer_names ...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
Testing EmbeddingDropout Create a bunch of parameters for deterministic tests.
enc = nn.Embedding(100,20, padding_idx=0) tst_input = torch.randint(0,100,(25,)).long() save_params = enc.weight.clone()
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
Old EmbeddingDropout
enc = nn.Embedding(100,20, padding_idx=0) enc.weight = nn.Parameter(save_params.clone()) enc_dp = EmbeddingDropout(enc) torch.manual_seed(7) x = tst_input.clone() enc_dp(x, dropout=0.5)
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
New EmbeddingDropout
def dropout_mask(x, sz, p): "Returns a dropout mask of the same type as x, size sz, with probability p to cancel an element." return x.new(*sz).bernoulli_(1-p)/(1-p) class EmbeddingDropout1(nn.Module): "Applies dropout in the embedding layer by zeroing out some elements of the embedding vector." def __...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
Testing RNN model Creating a bunch of parameters for deterministic testing.
tst_model = get_language_model(500, 20, 100, 2, 0, bias=True) save_parameters = {} for n,p in tst_model.state_dict().items(): save_parameters[n] = p.clone() tst_input = torch.randint(0, 500, (10,5)).long() tst_output = torch.randint(0, 500, (50,)).long()
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
Old RNN model
tst_model = get_language_model(500, 20, 100, 2, 0, bias=True, dropout=0.4, dropoute=0.1, dropouth=0.2, dropouti=0.6, wdrop=0.5) state_dict = OrderedDict() for n,p in save_parameters.items(): state_dict[n] = p.clone() tst_model.load_state_dict(state_dict) opt = optim.SGD(tst_model.paramet...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
New RNN model
class RNNDropout(nn.Module): def __init__(self, p=0.5): super().__init__() self.p=p def forward(self, x): if not self.training or not self.p: return x m = dropout_mask(x.data, (1, x.size(1), x.size(2)), self.p) return m * x def repackage_var1(h): "Detaches h from its...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
The new model has weights that are organized a bit differently.
save_parameters1 = {} for n,p in save_parameters.items(): if 'weight_hh_l0' not in n and n!='0.encoder_with_dropout.embed.weight': save_parameters1[n] = p.clone() elif n=='0.encoder_with_dropout.embed.weight': save_parameters1['0.dp_encoder.emb.weight'] = p.clone() else: save_parameters1[n[:-4]] ...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
Regularization We'll keep the same param as before. Old reg
tst_model = get_language_model(500, 20, 100, 2, 0, bias=True, dropout=0.4, dropoute=0.1, dropouth=0.2, dropouti=0.6, wdrop=0.5) state_dict = OrderedDict() for n,p in save_parameters.items(): state_dict[n] = p.clone() tst_model.load_state_dict(state_dict) opt = optim.SGD(tst_model.paramet...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
New reg
from dataclasses import dataclass @dataclass class RNNTrainer(Callback): model:nn.Module bptt:int clip:float=None alpha:float=0. beta:float=0. def on_loss_begin(self, last_output, **kwargs): #Save the extra outputs for later and only returns the true output. self.raw_out,sel...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
dev_nb/experiments/lm_checks.ipynb
gurvindersingh/fastai_v1
___ ___ Merging, Joining, and ConcatenatingThere are 3 main ways of combining DataFrames together: Merging, Joining and Concatenating. In this lecture we will discuss these 3 methods with examples.____ Example DataFrames
import pandas as pd df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'], 'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3'], 'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'], 'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']}, index=[0, 1, 2, 3]) df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A4', 'A5', '...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
03- General Pandas/06-Merging-Joining-and-Concatenating.ipynb
rikimarutsui/Python-for-Finance-Repo
ConcatenationConcatenation basically glues together DataFrames. Keep in mind that dimensions should match along the axis you are concatenating on. You can use **pd.concat** and pass in a list of DataFrames to concatenate together:
pd.concat([df1,df2,df3]) pd.concat([df1,df2,df3],axis=1)
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
03- General Pandas/06-Merging-Joining-and-Concatenating.ipynb
rikimarutsui/Python-for-Finance-Repo
_____ Example DataFrames
left = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'], 'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'], 'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']}) right = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'], 'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'], 'D': ['D0', 'D1', '...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
03- General Pandas/06-Merging-Joining-and-Concatenating.ipynb
rikimarutsui/Python-for-Finance-Repo
___ MergingThe **merge** function allows you to merge DataFrames together using a similar logic as merging SQL Tables together. For example:
pd.merge(left,right,how='inner',on='key')
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
03- General Pandas/06-Merging-Joining-and-Concatenating.ipynb
rikimarutsui/Python-for-Finance-Repo
Or to show a more complicated example:
left = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K0', 'K1', 'K2'], 'key2': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1'], 'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'], 'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']}) right = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K1', 'K1', 'K2'], 'key2':...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
03- General Pandas/06-Merging-Joining-and-Concatenating.ipynb
rikimarutsui/Python-for-Finance-Repo
JoiningJoining is a convenient method for combining the columns of two potentially differently-indexed DataFrames into a single result DataFrame.
left = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2'], 'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2']}, index=['K0', 'K1', 'K2']) right = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C2', 'C3'], 'D': ['D0', 'D2', 'D3']}, index=['K0', 'K2', 'K3']) left.join(right) left.join(right, ho...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
03- General Pandas/06-Merging-Joining-and-Concatenating.ipynb
rikimarutsui/Python-for-Finance-Repo
2.1 Binary Variables $$Bern(x|\mu) = \mu^x(1-\mu)^{1-x}$$ $$Beta(\mu|a,b) = \frac{\Gamma(a+b)}{\Gamma(a)\Gamma(b)}\mu^{a-1}(1-\mu)^{b-1}$$
bern = Binary() X = np.array([1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1]) bern.fit(X) bern.plot()
_____no_output_____
MIT
short_notebook/chapter02_short_ver.ipynb
hedwig100/PRML
2.2 Multinomial Variables $$p(\boldsymbol{x}|\boldsymbol{\mu}) = \Pi_{k=1}^K \mu_k^{x_k}$$ $$Dir(\boldsymbol{\mu}|\boldsymbol{\alpha}) = \frac{\Gamma(\alpha_0)}{\Gamma(\alpha_1) \cdots \Gamma(\alpha_K)} \Pi_{k=1}^K \mu_k^{\alpha_k-1}$$ 2.3 The Gaussian Distribution $$\mathcal{N}(x|\mu,\sigma^2) = ...
gauss = Gaussian1D() X = np.random.randn(100) + 4 gauss.fit(X) gauss.plot()
_____no_output_____
MIT
short_notebook/chapter02_short_ver.ipynb
hedwig100/PRML
Student's t-distribution
plot_student(mu = 0,lamda = 2,nu = 3)
_____no_output_____
MIT
short_notebook/chapter02_short_ver.ipynb
hedwig100/PRML
2.5 Nonparametric Methods
hist = Histgram(delta=5e-1) X = np.random.randn(100) hist.fit(X) hist.plot()
_____no_output_____
MIT
short_notebook/chapter02_short_ver.ipynb
hedwig100/PRML
Kernel density estimators
parzen_gauss = Parzen() X = np.random.randn(100)*2 + 4 parzen_gauss.fit(X) parzen_gauss.plot() parzen_hist = Parzen(kernel = "hist") parzen_hist.fit(X) parzen_hist.plot()
_____no_output_____
MIT
short_notebook/chapter02_short_ver.ipynb
hedwig100/PRML
Nearest-neighbor methods
knn5 = KNearestNeighbor(k=5) knn30 = KNearestNeighbor(k=30) X = np.random.randn(100)*2.4 + 5.1 knn5.fit(X) knn5.plot() knn30.fit(X) knn30.plot() def load_iris(): dict = { "Iris-setosa": 0, "Iris-versicolor": 1, "Iris-virginica": 2 } X = [] y = [] with open("../data/iris.data...
_____no_output_____
MIT
short_notebook/chapter02_short_ver.ipynb
hedwig100/PRML
Germany: LK Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen (Bayern)* Homepage of project: https://oscovida.github.io* Plots are explained at http://oscovida.github.io/plots.html* [Execute this Jupyter Notebook using myBinder](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/oscovida/binder/master?filepath=ipynb/Germany-Bayern-LK-Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen.ipynb)
import datetime import time start = datetime.datetime.now() print(f"Notebook executed on: {start.strftime('%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S%Z')} {time.tzname[time.daylight]}") %config InlineBackend.figure_formats = ['svg'] from oscovida import * overview(country="Germany", subregion="LK Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen", weeks=5); overview(c...
_____no_output_____
CC-BY-4.0
ipynb/Germany-Bayern-LK-Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen.ipynb
oscovida/oscovida.github.io
Explore the data in your web browser- If you want to execute this notebook, [click here to use myBinder](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/oscovida/binder/master?filepath=ipynb/Germany-Bayern-LK-Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen.ipynb)- and wait (~1 to 2 minutes)- Then press SHIFT+RETURN to advance code cell to code cell- See http://j...
print(f"Download of data from Johns Hopkins university: cases at {fetch_cases_last_execution()} and " f"deaths at {fetch_deaths_last_execution()}.") # to force a fresh download of data, run "clear_cache()" print(f"Notebook execution took: {datetime.datetime.now()-start}")
_____no_output_____
CC-BY-4.0
ipynb/Germany-Bayern-LK-Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen.ipynb
oscovida/oscovida.github.io
Subject Selection Experiments disorder data - Srinivas (handle: thewickedaxe) Initial Data Cleaning
# Standard import pandas as pd import numpy as np %matplotlib inline import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Dimensionality reduction and Clustering from sklearn.decomposition import PCA from sklearn.cluster import KMeans from sklearn.cluster import MeanShift, estimate_bandwidth from sklearn import manifold, datasets from i...
(4383, 137) (2624, 137) (2981, 137)
Apache-2.0
Code/Assignment-10/SubjectSelectionExperiments (rCBF data).ipynb
Upward-Spiral-Science/spect-team
Extracting the samples we are interested in
# Let's extract ADHd and Bipolar patients (mutually exclusive) ADHD_men = X.loc[X['ADHD'] == 1] ADHD_men = ADHD_men.loc[ADHD_men['Bipolar'] == 0] BP_men = X.loc[X['Bipolar'] == 1] BP_men = BP_men.loc[BP_men['ADHD'] == 0] ADHD_cauc = Y.loc[Y['ADHD'] == 1] ADHD_cauc = ADHD_cauc.loc[ADHD_cauc['Bipolar'] == 0] BP_cauc ...
(1056, 137) (257, 137) (1110, 137) (323, 137)
Apache-2.0
Code/Assignment-10/SubjectSelectionExperiments (rCBF data).ipynb
Upward-Spiral-Science/spect-team
Dimensionality reduction Manifold Techniques ISOMAP
combined1 = pd.concat([ADHD_men, BP_men]) combined2 = pd.concat([ADHD_cauc, BP_cauc]) print combined1.shape print combined2.shape combined1 = preprocessing.scale(combined1) combined2 = preprocessing.scale(combined2) combined1 = manifold.Isomap(20, 20).fit_transform(combined1) ADHD_men_iso = combined1[:1056] BP_men_is...
_____no_output_____
Apache-2.0
Code/Assignment-10/SubjectSelectionExperiments (rCBF data).ipynb
Upward-Spiral-Science/spect-team
Clustering and other grouping experiments K-Means clustering - iso
data1 = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(ADHD_men_iso), pd.DataFrame(BP_men_iso)]) data2 = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(ADHD_cauc_iso), pd.DataFrame(BP_cauc_iso)]) print data1.shape print data2.shape kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=2) kmeans.fit(data1.get_values()) labels1 = kmeans.labels_ centroids1 = kmeans.cluster_centers_ print('Est...
Estimated number of clusters: 2
Apache-2.0
Code/Assignment-10/SubjectSelectionExperiments (rCBF data).ipynb
Upward-Spiral-Science/spect-team
As is evident from the above 2 experiments, no clear clustering is apparent.But there is some significant overlap and there 2 clear groups Classification Experiments Let's experiment with a bunch of classifiers
ADHD_men_iso = pd.DataFrame(ADHD_men_iso) BP_men_iso = pd.DataFrame(BP_men_iso) ADHD_cauc_iso = pd.DataFrame(ADHD_cauc_iso) BP_cauc_iso = pd.DataFrame(BP_cauc_iso) BP_men_iso['ADHD-Bipolar'] = 0 ADHD_men_iso['ADHD-Bipolar'] = 1 BP_cauc_iso['ADHD-Bipolar'] = 0 ADHD_cauc_iso['ADHD-Bipolar'] = 1 data1 = pd.concat([ADHD...
Random Forest accuracy is 0.7565 (+/- 0.429) LDA accuracy is 0.7739 (+/- 0.418) QDA accuracy is 0.7306 (+/- 0.444) Gaussian NB accuracy is 0.7558 (+/- 0.430)
Apache-2.0
Code/Assignment-10/SubjectSelectionExperiments (rCBF data).ipynb
Upward-Spiral-Science/spect-team
Riskfolio-Lib Tutorial: __[Financionerioncios](https://financioneroncios.wordpress.com)____[Orenji](https://www.orenj-i.net)____[Riskfolio-Lib](https://riskfolio-lib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)____[Dany Cajas](https://www.linkedin.com/in/dany-cajas/)__ Part IX: Portfolio Optimization with Risk Factors and Principal Com...
import numpy as np import pandas as pd import yfinance as yf import warnings warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") yf.pdr_override() pd.options.display.float_format = '{:.4%}'.format # Date range start = '2016-01-01' end = '2019-12-30' # Tickers of assets assets = ['JCI', 'TGT', 'CMCSA', 'CPB', 'MO', 'NBL', 'APA', 'MMC...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause
examples/Tutorial 9.ipynb
xiaolongguo/Riskfolio-Lib
2. Estimating Mean Variance Portfolios with PCR 2.1 Estimating the loadings matrix with PCR.This part is just to visualize how Riskfolio-Lib calculates a loadings matrix using PCR.
import riskfolio.ParamsEstimation as pe feature_selection = 'PCR' # Method to select best model, could be PCR or Stepwise n_components = 0.95 # 95% of explained variance. See PCA in scikit learn for more information loadings = pe.loadings_matrix(X=X, Y=Y, feature_selection=feature_selection, ...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause
examples/Tutorial 9.ipynb
xiaolongguo/Riskfolio-Lib
2.2 Calculating the portfolio that maximizes Sharpe ratio.
import riskfolio.Portfolio as pf # Building the portfolio object port = pf.Portfolio(returns=Y) # Calculating optimum portfolio # Select method and estimate input parameters: method_mu='hist' # Method to estimate expected returns based on historical data. method_cov='hist' # Method to estimate covariance matrix bas...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause
examples/Tutorial 9.ipynb
xiaolongguo/Riskfolio-Lib
2.3 Plotting portfolio composition
import riskfolio.PlotFunctions as plf # Plotting the composition of the portfolio ax = plf.plot_pie(w=w, title='Sharpe FM Mean Variance', others=0.05, nrow=25, cmap = "tab20", height=6, width=10, ax=None)
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause
examples/Tutorial 9.ipynb
xiaolongguo/Riskfolio-Lib
2.3 Calculate efficient frontier
points = 50 # Number of points of the frontier frontier = port.efficient_frontier(model=model, rm=rm, points=points, rf=rf, hist=hist) display(frontier.T.head()) # Plotting the efficient frontier label = 'Max Risk Adjusted Return Portfolio' # Title of point mu = port.mu_fm # Expected returns cov = port.cov_fm # Cova...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause
examples/Tutorial 9.ipynb
xiaolongguo/Riskfolio-Lib
3. Estimating Portfolios Using Risk Factors with Other Risk Measures and PCRIn this part I will calculate optimal portfolios for several risk measures using a __mean estimate based on PCR__. I will find the portfolios that maximize the risk adjusted return for all available risk measures. 3.1 Calculate Optimal Portfol...
# Risk Measures available: # # 'MV': Standard Deviation. # 'MAD': Mean Absolute Deviation. # 'MSV': Semi Standard Deviation. # 'FLPM': First Lower Partial Moment (Omega Ratio). # 'SLPM': Second Lower Partial Moment (Sortino Ratio). # 'CVaR': Conditional Value at Risk. # 'WR': Worst Realization (Minimax) # 'MDD': Maximu...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause
examples/Tutorial 9.ipynb
xiaolongguo/Riskfolio-Lib
test across all columns (when is it worth running in this system)shrinking encodings of different type (approximate queries)ca_police 6.7GBfull_files 802MBcol_files 802 MBparse time 3min 36sPREDS[5:6] 22161713read_fast 8.66 sread 1min 24sread_chunks 2min 20sread_csv 2min 55sPREDS[4:10] 528503read_fast 6.58sread 2 min ...
indices = [] df_all = [] for i in range(0,num_chunks+1): df_all.append(feather.read_dataframe(f'{FEATHER_DIR}full{i}.f')) df = pd.concat(df_all, ignore_index=True) print('concatted') print(df.index)
concatted RangeIndex(start=0, stop=4999999, step=1)
PSF-2.0
Column_Storage.ipynb
arjunrawal4/pandas-memdb
Analyze results for 3D CGANFeb 22, 2021
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pandas as pd import subprocess as sp import sys import os import glob import pickle from matplotlib.colors import LogNorm, PowerNorm, Normalize import seaborn as sns from functools import reduce from ipywidgets import * %matplotlib widget sys.path.append('/gl...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
code/5_3d_cgan/2_cgan_analysis/1_cgan3d_analyze-results.ipynb
vmos1/cosmogan_pytorch
Read validation data
# bins=np.concatenate([np.array([-0.5]),np.arange(0.5,20.5,1),np.arange(20.5,100.5,5),np.arange(100.5,1000.5,50),np.array([2000])]) #bin edges to use bins=np.concatenate([np.array([-0.5]),np.arange(0.5,100.5,5),np.arange(100.5,300.5,20),np.arange(300.5,1000.5,50),np.array([2000])]) #bin edges to use bins=f_transform(b...
/global/cfs/cdirs/m3363/vayyar/cosmogan_data/raw_data/3d_data/dataset4_smoothing_4univ_cgan_varying_sigma_128cube/norm_1_sig_0.5_train_val.npy /global/cfs/cdirs/m3363/vayyar/cosmogan_data/raw_data/3d_data/dataset4_smoothing_4univ_cgan_varying_sigma_128cube/norm_1_sig_0.65_train_val.npy /global/cfs/cdirs/m3363/vayyar/co...
BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
code/5_3d_cgan/2_cgan_analysis/1_cgan3d_analyze-results.ipynb
vmos1/cosmogan_pytorch
Read data
# main_dir='/global/cfs/cdirs/m3363/vayyar/cosmogan_data/results_from_other_code/pytorch/results/128sq/' # results_dir=main_dir+'20201002_064327' dict1={'64':'/global/cfs/cdirs/m3363/vayyar/cosmogan_data/results_from_other_code/pytorch/results/3d_cGAN/', '128':'/global/cfs/cdirs/m3363/vayyar/cosmogan_data/results...
/global/cfs/cdirs/m3363/vayyar/cosmogan_data/results_from_other_code/pytorch/results/3d_cGAN/20210726_173009_cgan_128_nodes1_lr0.000002_finetune
BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
code/5_3d_cgan/2_cgan_analysis/1_cgan3d_analyze-results.ipynb
vmos1/cosmogan_pytorch
Plot Losses
df_metrics=pd.read_pickle(result_dir+'/df_metrics.pkle').astype(np.float64) df_metrics.tail(10) def f_plot_metrics(df,col_list): plt.figure() for key in col_list: plt.plot(df_metrics[key],label=key,marker='*',linestyle='') plt.legend() # col_list=list(col_list) # df.plot(kind='lin...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
code/5_3d_cgan/2_cgan_analysis/1_cgan3d_analyze-results.ipynb
vmos1/cosmogan_pytorch
Read stored chi-squares for images
## Get sigma list from saved files flist=glob.glob(result_dir+'/df_processed*') sigma_lst=[i.split('/')[-1].split('df_processed_')[-1].split('.pkle')[0] for i in flist] sigma_lst.sort() ### Sorting is important for labels to match !! labels_lst=np.arange(len(sigma_lst)) sigma_lst,labels_lst ### Create a merged datafra...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
code/5_3d_cgan/2_cgan_analysis/1_cgan3d_analyze-results.ipynb
vmos1/cosmogan_pytorch
Slice best steps
def f_slice_merged_df(df,cutoff=0.2,sort_col='chi_1',col_mode='all',label='all',params_lst=[0,1,2],head=10,epoch_range=[0,None],use_sum=True,display_flag=False): ''' View dataframe after slicing ''' if epoch_range[1]==None: epoch_range[1]=df.max()['epoch'] df=df[(df.epoch<=epoch_range[1])&(df.epoch>=ep...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
code/5_3d_cgan/2_cgan_analysis/1_cgan3d_analyze-results.ipynb
vmos1/cosmogan_pytorch
Interactive plot
def f_plot_hist_spec(df,param_labels,sigma_lst,steps_list,bkg_dict,plot_type,img_size): assert plot_type in ['hist','spec','grid','spec_relative'],"Invalid mode %s"%(plot_type) if plot_type in ['hist','spec','spec_relative']: fig=plt.figure(figsize=(6,6)) for par_label in param_labels: df=df[...
/global/cfs/cdirs/m3363/vayyar/cosmogan_data/raw_data/3d_data/dataset4_smoothing_4univ_cgan_varying_sigma_128cube/norm_1_sig_1.1_train_val.npy 2 4
BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
code/5_3d_cgan/2_cgan_analysis/1_cgan3d_analyze-results.ipynb
vmos1/cosmogan_pytorch
Delete unwanted stored models(Since deterministic runs aren't working well )
# # fldr='/global/cfs/cdirs/m3363/vayyar/cosmogan_data/results_from_other_code/pytorch/results/128sq/20210119_134802_cgan_predict_0.65_m2/models' # fldr=result_dir # print(fldr) # flist=glob.glob(fldr+'/models/checkpoint_*.tar') # len(flist) # # Delete unwanted stored images # for i in flist: # try: # step=...
_____no_output_____
BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
code/5_3d_cgan/2_cgan_analysis/1_cgan3d_analyze-results.ipynb
vmos1/cosmogan_pytorch
Advanced topics in test driven development Introduction- Already seen the basics- Learn some advanced topics The hypothesis package- http://hypothesis.readthedocs.io- `pip install hypothesis`- General idea earlier: - Make test data. - Perform operations - Assert something after operation- Hypothesis automates th...
from hypothesis import given from hypothesis import strategies as st from gcd import gcd @given(st.integers(min_value=0), st.integers(min_value=0)) def test_gcd(a, b): result = gcd(a, b) # Now what? # assert a%result == 0
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
Example: adding a specific case
@given(st.integers(min_value=0), st.integers(min_value=0)) @example(a=44, b=19) def test_gcd(a, b): result = gcd(a, b) # Now what? # assert a%result == 0
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
More details- `given` generates inputs- `strategies`: provides a strategy for inputs- Different stratiegies - `integers` - `floats` - `text` - `booleans` - `tuples` - `lists` - ...- See: http://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/data.html Example exercise- Write a simple run-length encoding func...
def encode(text): return [] def decode(lst): return ''
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
The test
from hypothesis import given from hypothesis import strategies as st @given(st.text()) def test_decode_inverts_encode(s): assert decode(encode(s)) == s
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
Summary- Much easier to test- hypothesis does the hard work- Can do a lot more!- Read the docs for more- For some detailed articles: http://hypothesis.works/articles/intro/- Here in particular is one interesting article: http://hypothesis.works/articles/calculating-the-mean/---- Unittest module- Basic idea and style...
# gcd.py def gcd(a, b): if b == 0: return a return gcd(b, a%b)
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
Writing the test
# test_gcd.py from gcd import gcd import unittest class TestGCD(unittest.TestCase): def test_gcd_works_for_positive_integers(self): self.assertEqual(gcd(48, 64), 16) self.assertEqual(gcd(44, 19), 1) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
Running it- Just run `python test_gcd.py`- Also works with `nosetests` and `pytest` Notes- Note the name of the method.- Note the use of `self.assertEqual`- Also available: `assertNotEqual, assertTrue, assertFalse, assertIs, assertIsNot`- `assertIsNone, assertIn, assertIsInstance, assertRaises`- `assertAlmostEqual, as...
# test_gcd.py import gcd import unittest class TestGCD(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): print("setUp") def tearDown(self): print("tearDown") def test_gcd_works_for_positive_integers(self): self.assertEqual(gcd(48, 64), 16) self.assertEqual(gcd(44, 19), 1) if __name__ ==...
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
Exercise- Fix bug with negative numbers in gcd.py.- Use TDD. Using hypothesis with unittest
# test_gcd.py from hypothesis import given from hypothesis import strategies as st import gcd import unittest class TestGCD(unittest.TestCase): @given(a=st.integers(min_value=0), b=st.integers(min_value=0)) def test_gcd_works_for_positive_integers(self, a, b): result = gcd(a, b) assert a%resul...
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
Some notes on style- Use descriptive function names- Intent matters- Segregate the test code into the following
- Given: what is the context of the test? - When: what action is taken to actually test the problem - Then: what do we actually ensure.
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
More on intent driven programming- "Programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute.” Harold Abelson- The code should make the intent clear.For example:
if self.temperature > 600 and self.pressure > 10e5: message = 'hello you have a problem here!' message += 'current temp is %s'%(self.temperature) print(message) self.valve.close() self.raise_warning()
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
is totally unclear as to the intent. Instead refactor as follows:
if self.reactor_is_critical(): self.shutdown_with_warning()
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
A more involved testing example- Motivational problem:> Find all the git repositories inside a given directory recursively.> Make this a command line tool supporting command line use.- Write tests for the code- Some rules: 0. The test should be runnable by anyone (even by a computer), almost anywhere. 1. Don't wri...
$ coverage run -m nose.core my_package $ coverage report -m $ coverage html
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
mock- Mocking for advanced testing.- Example: reading some twitter data- Example: function to post an update to facebook or twitter- Example: email user when simulation crashes- Can you test it? How? Using mock: the big picture- Do you really want to post something on facebook?- Or do you want to know if the right me...
- `from unittest import mock`
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees
- else `pip install mock`
- `import mock`
_____no_output_____
OLDAP-2.5
slides/test_driven_development/tdd_advanced.ipynb
FOSSEE/sees