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To set the position and rotation of each cell, we use the built in function positions_columinar and xiter_random, which returns a list of values given the parameters. A user could set the values themselves using a list (or function that returns a list) of size N. The parameters like location, ei (potential), params_fil...
""" net.add_nodes(N=200, pop_name='LIF_exc', positions=positions_columinar(N=200, center=[0, 50.0, 0], min_radius=30.0, max_radius=60.0, height=100.0), tuning_angle=np.linspace(start=0.0, stop=360.0, num=200, endpoint=False), location='VisL4', ei='e', ...
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
connectionsNow we want to create connections between the cells. Depending on the model type, and whether or not the presynpatic "source" cell is excitory or inhibitory, we will have different synpatic model and parameters. Using the source and target filter parameters, we can create different connection types.To deter...
import random import math # list of all synapses created - used for recurrent connections syn_list = [] ########################################################### # Build custom connection rules ########################################################### #See bmtk.builder.auxi.edge_connectors def hipp_dist_connector...
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
This first two parameters of this function is "source" and "target" and are required for all custom connector functions. These are node objects which gives a representation of a single source and target cell, with properties that can be accessed like a python dictionary. When The Network Builder is creating the connect...
dynamics_file = 'CA3o2CA3e.inh.json' conn = net.add_edges(source={'pop_name': 'CA3o'}, target={'pop_name': 'CA3e'}, connection_rule=hipp_dist_connector, connection_params={'con_pattern':syn[dynamics_file]['con_pattern'], 'ratio':syn[dynamics_file]['ratio'], ...
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
Similarly we create the other types of connections. But since either the source, target, or both cells will not have the tuning_angle parameter, we don't want to use dist_tuning_connector. Instead we can use the built-in distance_connector function which just creates connections determined by distance.
dynamics_file = 'CA3e2CA3o.exc.json' experiment = 'original' if experiment == "SFN19-D": #Weight of the synapses are set to 6 from max weight of 2 dynamics_file = 'CA3e2CA3o.exc.sfn19exp2d.json' conn = net.add_edges(source={'pop_name': 'CA3e'}, target={'pop_name': 'CA3o'}, connection_rule=hipp_recurre...
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
Finally we build the network (this may take a bit of time since it's essentially iterating over all 400x400 possible connection combinations), and save the nodes and edges.
net.build() net.save_nodes(output_dir='sim_theta/network') net.save_edges(output_dir='sim_theta/network')
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
Building external networkNext we want to create an external network consisting of virtual cells that form a feedforward network onto our V1, which will provide input during the simulation. We will call this LGN, since the LGN is the primary input the layer 4 cells of the V1 (if we wanted to we could also create multip...
from bmtk.builder.networks import NetworkBuilder exp0net = NetworkBuilder('exp0net') exp0net.add_nodes(N=CA3eTotal, model_type='virtual', pop_name='bgnoisevirtCA3', pop_group='bgnoisevirtCA3')
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
As before, we will use a customized function to determine the number of connections between each source and target pair, however this time our connection_rule is a bit differentIn the previous example, our connection_rule function's first two arguments were the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells, which allowed us to ch...
def target_ind_equals_source_ind(source, targets, offset=0, min_syn=1,max_syn=1): # Creates a 1 to 1 mapping between source and destination nodes total_targets = len(targets) syns = np.zeros(total_targets) target_index = source['node_id'] syns[target_index-offset] = 1 return syns conn ...
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
2. Setting up BioNet file structure.Before running a simulation, we will need to create the runtime environment, including parameter files, run-script and configuration files. You can copy the files from an existing simuatlion, execute the following command:```bash$ python -m bmtk.utils.sim_setup \ --report-vars v ...
from bmtk.utils.sim_setup import build_env_bionet build_env_bionet(base_dir='sim_theta', network_dir='sim_theta/network', tstop=3000.0, dt=0.1, report_vars=['v'], # Record membrane potential (default soma) include_examples=True, # Copies ...
ERROR:bmtk.utils.sim_setup: Was unable to compile mechanism in C:\Users\Tyler\Desktop\git_stage\theta\sim_theta\components\mechanisms
MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
This will fill out the **sim_ch04** with all the files we need to get started to run the simulation. Of interest includes* **circuit_config.json** - A configuration file that contains the location of the network files we created above. Plus location of neuron and synpatic models, templates, morphologies and mechanisms ...
import math from bmtk.simulator.bionet.pyfunction_cache import add_weight_function def gaussianLL(edge_props, source, target): src_tuning = source['tuning_angle'] tar_tuning = target['tuning_angle'] w0 = edge_props["syn_weight"] sigma = edge_props["weight_sigma"] delta_tuning = abs(abs(abs(180.0 -...
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
The weights will be adjusted before each simulation, and the function can be changed between different runs.. Simply opening the edge_types.csv file with a text editor and altering the weight_function column allows users to take an existing network and readjust weights on-the-fly.Finally we are ready to run the simulat...
from bmtk.simulator import bionet conf = bionet.Config.from_json('sim_theta/simulation_config.json') conf.build_env() net = bionet.BioNetwork.from_config(conf) sim = bionet.BioSimulator.from_config(conf, network=net) sim.run()
2020-09-28 22:46:28,632 [INFO] Created log file
MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
4. Analyzing resultsResults of the simulation, as specified in the config, are saved into the output directory. Using the analyzer functions, we can do things like plot the raster plot
from bmtk.analyzer.spike_trains import plot_raster, plot_rates_boxplot plot_raster(config_file='sim_theta/simulation_config.json', group_by='pop_name')
c:\users\tyler\desktop\git_stage\bmtk\bmtk\simulator\utils\config.py:4: UserWarning: Please use bmtk.simulator.core.simulation_config instead. warnings.warn('Please use bmtk.simulator.core.simulation_config instead.')
MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
and the rates of each node
plot_rates_boxplot(config_file='sim_ch04/simulation_config.json', group_by='pop_name')
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
In our config file we used the cell_vars and node_id_selections parameters to save the calcium influx and membrane potential of selected cells. We can also use the analyzer to display these traces:
from bmtk.analyzer.compartment import plot_traces _ = plot_traces(config_file='sim_ch04/simulation_config.json', group_by='pop_name', report_name='v_report')
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MIT
theta.ipynb
cyneuro/theta
问题设定 在小车倒立杆(CartPole)游戏中,我们希望通过强化学习训练一个智能体(agent),尽可能不断地左右移动小车,使得小车上的杆不倒,我们首先定义CartPole游戏: CartPole游戏即是强化学习模型的enviorment,它与agent交互,实时更新state,内部定义了reward function,其中state有以下定义: state每一个维度分别代表了:- 小车位置,它的取值范围是-2.4到2.4- 小车速度,它的取值范围是负无穷到正无穷- 杆的角度,它的取值范围是-41.8°到41.8°- 杆的角速,它的取值范围是负无穷到正无穷 action是一个2维向量,每一个维度分别代表向左和向右移动。 $$ac...
# coding=utf-8 import tensorflow as tf import numpy as np import gym import sys sys.path.append('..') from base.model import * %matplotlib inline class Agent(BaseRLModel): def __init__(self, session, env, a_space, s_space, **options): super(Agent, self).__init__(session, env, a_space, s_space, **option...
WARN: gym.spaces.Box autodetected dtype as <class 'numpy.float32'>. Please provide explicit dtype.
MIT
note/DQN.ipynb
Ceruleanacg/Learning-Notes
XGBBOOST
xgb_params = { 'max_depth' : 5, 'n_estimators' : 50, 'learning_rate' : 0.1, 'seed' : 0 } model = xgb.XGBRegressor(**xgb_params) run_model(model,cat_feats) m = xgb.XGBRegressor(**xgb_params) m.fit(X,Y) imp = PermutationImportance(m,random_state = 0).fit(X,Y) eli5.show_weights(imp,feature_names = cat_fe...
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MIT
Day4.ipynb
JoachimMakowski/DataScienceMatrix2
Data Science Unit 1 Sprint Challenge 2 Data Wrangling and StorytellingTaming data from its raw form into informative insights and stories. Data WranglingIn this Sprint Challenge you will first "wrangle" some data from [Gapminder](https://www.gapminder.org/about-gapminder/), a Swedish non-profit co-founded by Hans Ro...
import pandas as pd cell_phones = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-numbers/ddf--gapminder--systema_globalis/master/ddf--datapoints--cell_phones_total--by--geo--time.csv') population = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-numbers/ddf--gapminder--systema_globalis/master/ddf--datapoints...
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Part 1. Join data First, join the `cell_phones` and `population` dataframes (with an inner join on `geo` and `time`).The resulting dataframe's shape should be: (8590, 4)
cell_phones.head() population.head() geo_country_codes.head() #join the cell_phones and population dataframes (with an inner join on geo and time). df=pd.merge(cell_phones,population, on=['geo','time'], how='inner') print(df.shape) df.head()
(8590, 4)
MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Then, select the `geo` and `country` columns from the `geo_country_codes` dataframe, and join with your population and cell phone data.The resulting dataframe's shape should be: (8590, 5)
geo_country= geo_country_codes [['geo','country']] geo_country.head() df_merged = pd.merge(df, geo_country, on='geo') print(df_merged.shape) df_merged.head()
(8590, 5)
MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Part 2. Make features Calculate the number of cell phones per person, and add this column onto your dataframe.(You've calculated correctly if you get 1.220 cell phones per person in the United States in 2017.)
df_merged['cellphone_person']=df_merged['cell_phones_total']/df_merged['population_total'] df_merged.head()
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Modify the `geo` column to make the geo codes uppercase instead of lowercase.
df_merged[(df_merged['country'] == 'United States') & (df_merged['time'] ==2017 )]
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Part 3. Process data Use the describe function, to describe your dataframe's numeric columns, and then its non-numeric columns.(You'll see the time period ranges from 1960 to 2017, and there are 195 unique countries represented.)
import numpy as np # describe your dataframe's numeric columns df_merged.describe() df_merged.describe(exclude = [np.number])
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
In 2017, what were the top 5 countries with the most cell phones total?Your list of countries should have these totals:| country | cell phones total ||:-------:|:-----------------:|| ? | 1,474,097,000 || ? | 1,168,902,277 || ? | 458,923,202 || ? | 395,881,000 || ? | ...
# This optional code formats float numbers with comma separators pd.options.display.float_format = '{:,}'.format year2017 = df_merged[df_merged.time == 2017] year2017.head() #code to check the values year2017.sort_values('cell_phones_total', ascending=False) # Make top5 top5_all=year2017.nlargest(5,'cell_phones_total'...
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
2017 was the first year that China had more cell phones than people.What was the first year that the USA had more cell phones than people?
order_celphones=df_merged.sort_values('cell_phones_total', ascending=False) order_celphones.head(10) country_usa=df_merged[(df_merged['country'] == 'United States')] country_usa.head() # country_usa.country.unique() condition_usa= country_usa[(country_usa['cell_phones_total'] > country_usa['population_total'])] conditi...
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Part 4. Reshape data Create a pivot table:- Columns: Years 2007—2017- Rows: China, India, United States, Indonesia, Brazil (order doesn't matter)- Values: Cell Phones TotalThe table's shape should be: (5, 11)
years=[2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,20014,2015,2016,2017] countries=['China', 'India', 'United States', 'Indonesia', 'Brazil'] #countries_pivot=df_merged.loc[df_merged['country'].isin(countries)] years_merged=df_merged.loc[df_merged['time'].isin(years)& df_merged['country'].isin(countries)] years_merged.head() pi...
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Sort these 5 countries, by biggest increase in cell phones from 2007 to 2017.Which country had 935,282,277 more cell phones in 2017 versus 2007?
flat_pivot= pd.DataFrame(pivot_years.to_records()) flat_pivot.head() flat_pivot['Percentage Change']=(flat_pivot['2017']-flat_pivot['2007'])/flat_pivot['2017'] flat_pivot.head() #ANSWER= Sort these 5 countries, by biggest increase in cell phones from 2007 to 2017. flat_pivot.sort_values('Percentage Change', ascending=F...
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Data StorytellingIn this part of the sprint challenge you'll work with a dataset from **FiveThirtyEight's article, [Every Guest Jon Stewart Ever Had On ‘The Daily Show’](https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/every-guest-jon-stewart-ever-had-on-the-daily-show/)**! Part 0 — Run this starter codeYou don't need to add or ...
%matplotlib inline import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import pandas as pd url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fivethirtyeight/data/master/daily-show-guests/daily_show_guests.csv' df1 = pd.read_csv(url).rename(columns={'YEAR': 'Year', 'Raw_Guest_List': 'Guest'}) def get_occupation(group): if g...
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Part 1 — What's the breakdown of guests’ occupations per year?For example, in 1999, what percentage of guests were actors, comedians, or musicians? What percentage were in the media? What percentage were in politics? What percentage were from another occupation?Then, what about in 2000? In 2001? And so on, up through ...
print(df1.shape) df1.head() crosstab_profession=pd.crosstab(df1['Year'], df1['Occupation'], normalize='index').round(4)*100 crosstab_profession.head(20)
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Part 2 — Recreate this explanatory visualization: **Hints:**- You can choose any Python visualization library you want. I've verified the plot can be reproduced with matplotlib, pandas plot, or seaborn. I assume other libraries like altair or plotly would work too.- If you choose to use seaborn, you may want to upgrad...
from IPython.display import display, Image png = 'https://fivethirtyeight.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/hickey-datalab-dailyshow.png' example = Image(png, width=500) display(example) import seaborn as sns sns.__version__ flat_df1= pd.DataFrame(crosstab_profession.to_records()) flat_df1 flat_df1=flat_df1.drop(['Other']...
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MIT
DS7_Unit_1_Sprint_Challenge_2_Data_Wrangling_and_Storytelling_(3).ipynb
johanaluna/DS-Unit-1-Sprint-2-Data-Wrangling-and-Storytelling
Sicherman Dice*Note: This notebook takes the form of a conversation between two problem solvers. One speaks in* **bold**, *the other in* plain. *Also note, for those who are not native speakers of English: "dice" is the plural form; "die" is the singular.*Huh. This is interesting. You know how in many games, such as ...
def sicherman(): """The set of pairs of 6-sided dice that have the same distribution of sums as a regular pair of dice.""" return {pair for pair in pairs(all_dice()) if pair != regular_pair and sums(pair) == regular_sums} # TODO: pairs, all_dice, regular_pair, sums, regular_sums
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**Looks good to me.**Now we can tick off the items in the TO DO list. The function `pairs` is first, and it is easy:
def pairs(collection): "Return all pairs (A, B) from collection where A <= B." return [(A, B) for A in collection for B in collection if A <= B] # TODO: all_dice, regular_pair, sums, regular_sums
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**That's good. We could have used the library function `itertools.combinations_with_replacement`, but let's just leave it as is. We should test to make sure it works:**
pairs(['A', 'B', 'C'])
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
TO DO: `sums(pair)`Now for `sums`: we need some way to represent all the 36 possible sums from a pair of dice. We want a representation that will be the same for two different pairs if all 36 sums are the same, but where the order or composition of the sums doesn't matter. **So we want a set of the sums?**Well, it ca...
def sums(pair): "All possible sums of a side from one die plus a side from the other." (A, B) = pair return Bag(a + b for a in A for b in B) Bag = sorted # Implement a bag as a sorted list def ints(start, end): "A tuple of the integers from start to end, inclusive." return tuple(range(start, end ...
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Let's check the `regular_sums`:
len(regular_sums) print(regular_sums)
[2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12]
MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**And we can see what that would look like to a `Counter`:**
from collections import Counter Counter(regular_sums)
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**Looks good! Now only one more thing on our TODO list:** TO DO: `all_dice()``all_dice` should generate all possible dice, where by "possible" I mean the dice that could feasibly be part of a pair that is a solution to the Sicherman problem. Do we know how many dice that will be? Is it a large enough number that effici...
def all_dice(): "A list of all feasible 6-sided dice for the Sicherman problem." return [(1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6) for s2 in ints(2, 8) for s3 in ints(s2, 8) for s4 in ints(s3, 8) for s5 in ints(s4, 8) for s6 in ints(s5+1, 9)]
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
I think we're ready to run `sicherman()`. Any bets on what we'll find out?**I bet that Sicherman is remembered because he discovered a pair of dice that works. If he just proved the non-existence of a pair, I don't think that would be noteworthy.**Makes sense. Here goes: The Answer
sicherman()
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**Look at that!**It turns out you can buy a pair of dice with just these numbers.Here's a table I borrowed from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicherman_dice) that shows both pairs of dice have the same sums. 23456789101112Regular dice:(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)1+11+22+11+32+23+11+42+33+24+11+52+4...
def all_dice(): "A list of all feasible 6-sided dice for the Sicherman problem." return [(1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6) for s2 in ints(2, 7) for s3 in ints(s2, 7) for s4 in ints(max(s3, 3), 7) for s5 in ints(s4, 7) for s6 in ints(s5+1, 8)]
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
I'll count how many dice and how many pairs there are now:
len(all_dice()) len(pairs(all_dice()))
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**Nice&mdash;we got down from a trillion pairs to 26,000. I don't want to print `all_dice()`, but I can sample a few:**
import random random.sample(all_dice(), 10)
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
`sicherman(N)`OK, I think we're ready to update `sicherman()` to `sicherman(N)`. **Sure, most of that will be easy, just parameterizing with `N`:**
def sicherman(N=6): """The set of pairs of N-sided dice that have the same distribution of sums as a regular pair of N-sided dice.""" reg_sums = regular_sums(N) reg_pair = regular_pair(N) return {pair for pair in pairs(all_dice(N)) if pair != reg_pair and sums(pair) == reg_su...
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Good. I think it would be helpful for me to look at a table of `regular_sums`:
for N in ints(1, 7): print("N:", N, dict(Counter(regular_sums(N))))
N: 1 {2: 1} N: 2 {2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 1} N: 3 {2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 2, 6: 1} N: 4 {2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 4, 6: 3, 7: 2, 8: 1} N: 5 {2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 4, 6: 5, 7: 4, 8: 3, 9: 2, 10: 1} N: 6 {2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 4, 6: 5, 7: 6, 8: 5, 9: 4, 10: 3, 11: 2, 12: 1} N: 7 {2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 4, 6: 5, 7: 6, 8: 7, 9: 6, 10: 5, 11:...
MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**That is helpful. I can see that any `regular_sums` must have one 2 and two 3s, and three 4s, and so on, not just for `N=6` but for any `N` (except for trivially small `N`). And that means that any regular die can have at most two 2s, three 3s, four 4s, and so on. So we have this picture:**&nbsp;1&nbsp; &lt;2+ &le;2+ ...
def lower_bounds(N): "A list of lower bounds for respective sides of an N-sided die." lowers = [1] for _ in range(N-1): m = lowers[-1] # The last number in lowers so far lowers.append(m if (lowers.count(m) < m) else m + 1) lowers[-1] = lowers[-2] + 1 return lowers lower_bounds(6) low...
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
And `upper_bounds(N)`:
def upper_bounds(N): "A list of upper bounds for respective sides of an N-sided die." U = 2 * N - lower_bounds(N)[-1] return [1] + (N - 2) * [U - 1] + [U] upper_bounds(6) upper_bounds(10)
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Now, what do we have to do for `all_dice(N)`? When we knew we had six sides, we wrote six nested loops. We can't do that for *N*, so what do we do?**Here's an iterative approach: we keep track of a list of partially-formed dice, and on each iteration, we add a side to all the partially-formed dice in all possible ways...
def all_dice(N): "Return a list of all possible N-sided dice for the Sicherman problem." lowers = lower_bounds(N) uppers = upper_bounds(N) def possibles(die, i): "The possible numbers for the ith side of an N-sided die." return ints(max(lowers[i], die[-1] + int(i == N-1)), ...
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**The tricky part was with the `max`: the actual lower bound at least `lowers[i]`, but it must be as big as the previous side, `die[-1]`. And just to make things complicated, the very last side has to be strictly bigger than the previous; `" + int(i == N-1)"` does that by adding 1 just in case we're on the last side,...
len(all_dice(6))
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Reassuring that we get the same number we got with the old version of `all_dice()`.
random.sample(all_dice(6), 8)
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Running `sicherman(N)` for small `N`Let's try `sicherman` for some small values of `N`:
{N: sicherman(N) for N in ints(2, 6)}
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Again, reassuring that we get the same result for `sicherman(6)`. And interesting that there is a result for `sicherman(4)` but not for the other *N*.Let's go onwards from *N*=6, but let's check the timing as we go:
%time sicherman(6) %time sicherman(7)
CPU times: user 18.2 s, sys: 209 ms, total: 18.4 s Wall time: 21.4 s
MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Estimating run time of `sicherman(N)` for larger `N`OK, it takes 50 or 60 times longer to do 7, compared to 6. At this rate, *N*=8 will take 15 minutes, 9 will take 15 hours, and 10 will take a month.**Do we know it will continue to rise at the same rate? You're saying the run time is exponential in *N*? **I think so...
%matplotlib inline import matplotlib import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt def logplot(X, Y, *options): "Plot Y on a log scale vs X." fig, ax = plt.subplots() ax.set_yscale('log') ax.plot(X, Y, *options)
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Now we can plot and display the number of pairs:
def plot_pairs(Ns): "Given a list of N values, plot the number of pairs and return a dict of them." Ds = [len(all_dice(N)) for N in Ns] Npairs = [D * (D + 1) // 2 for D in Ds] logplot(Ns, Npairs, 'bo-') return {Ns[i]: Npairs[i] for i in range(len(Ns))} plot_pairs(ints(2, 12))
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
OK, we've learned two things. One, it *is* roughly a straight line, so the number of pairs is roughly exponential. Two, there are a *lot* of pairs. 1014, just for *N*=12. I don't want to even think about *N*=20.**So if we want to get much beyond *N*=8, we're either going to need a brand new approach, or we need to make...
sum((1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4) + (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8)) sum((1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) + (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6))
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**They're the same. Is that [the question](http://hitchhikers.wikia.com/wiki/42) that 42 is the answer to? But does a Sicherman pair always have to have the same sum as a regular pair? I guess it doea, because the sum of `sums(pair)` is just all the sides added up *N* times each, so two pairs have the same sum of `sums...
{die for die in all_dice(6) if max(die) == 12 - 5 and sum(die) == 42 - 19 and die.count(2) == 2}
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**There's only 1. So, (1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5) only has to try to pair with one die, rather than 230. Nice improvement!**In general, I wonder what the sum of the sides of a regular pair is?**Easy, that's `N * (N + 1)`. [Gauss](http://betterexplained.com/articles/techniques-for-adding-the-numbers-1-to-100/) knew that when he ...
from collections import defaultdict def tabulate(dice): """Put all dice into bins in a hash table, keyed by bin_label(die). Each bin holds a list of dice with that key.""" # Example: {(21, 6, 1): [(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), (1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 7), ...] table = defaultdict(list) for die in dice: table[...
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**Let's make sure it works:**
{N: sicherman(N) for N in ints(2, 6)}
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Good, those are the same answers as before. But how much faster is it?
%time sicherman(7)
CPU times: user 24.9 ms, sys: 1.23 ms, total: 26.1 ms Wall time: 153 ms
MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
Wow, that's 1000 times faster than before. **I want to take a peek at what some of the bins look like:**
tabulate(all_dice(5))
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MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
**Pretty good: four of the bins have two dice, but the rest have only one die.**And let's see how many pairs we're producing now. We'll tabulate *N* (the number of sides); *D* (the number of *N*-sided dice), the number `pairs(dice)` using the new `pairs`, and the number using the old `pairs`:
print(' N: D #pairs(dice) D*(D-1)/2') for N in ints(2, 11): dice = list(all_dice(N)) D = len(dice) print('{:2}: {:9,d} {:12,d} {:17,d}'.format(N, D, len(list(pairs(dice))), D*(D-1)//2))
N: D #pairs(dice) D*(D-1)/2 2: 1 1 0 3: 1 1 0 4: 10 3 45 5: 31 9 465 6: 231 71 26,565 7: 1,596 670 1,272,810 8: ...
MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
OK, we're doing 100,000 times better for *N*=11. But it would still take a long time to test 11 million pairs. Let's just get the answers up to *N*=10:
%%time {N: sicherman(N) for N in ints(2, 10)}
CPU times: user 26.2 s, sys: 129 ms, total: 26.3 s Wall time: 26.6 s
MIT
ipynb/Sicherman Dice.ipynb
awesome-archive/pytudes
APG-MLE performanceReconstructing the `cat` state from measurements of the Husimi Q function. The cat state is defined as:$$|\psi_{\text{cat}} \rangle = \frac{1}{\mathcal N} ( |\alpha \rangle + |-\alpha \rangle \big ) $$with $\alpha=2$ and normalization $\mathcal N$. Husimi Q function measurementsThe Husimi Q function...
import numpy as np from qutip import coherent, coherent_dm, expect, Qobj, fidelity, rand_dm from qutip.wigner import wigner, qfunc from scipy.io import savemat, loadmat import matplotlib import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.inset_locator import inset_axes %load_ext autoreload tf.keras.backen...
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MIT
paper-figures/fig3a-apg-mle-data.ipynb
quantshah/qst-cgan
Construct the measurement operators and simulated data (without any noise)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xvec, yvec) betas = (X + 1j*Y).ravel() m_ops = [coherent_dm(hilbert_size, beta) for beta in betas] data = expect(m_ops, rho)
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MIT
paper-figures/fig3a-apg-mle-data.ipynb
quantshah/qst-cgan
APG-MLEThe APG-MLE method implementation in MATLAB provided in https://github.com/qMLE/qMLE requires an input density matrix and a set of measurement operators. Here, we will export the same data to a matlab format and use the APG-MLE method for reconstruction of the density matrix of the state.
ops_numpy = np.array([op.data.toarray() for op in m_ops]) # convert the QuTiP Qobj to numpy arrays ops = np.transpose(ops_numpy, [1, 2, 0]) mdic = {"measurements": ops} savemat("data/measurements.mat", mdic) mdic = {"rho": rho.full()} savemat("data/rho.mat", mdic)
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MIT
paper-figures/fig3a-apg-mle-data.ipynb
quantshah/qst-cgan
Reconstruct using the APG-MLE MATLAB code
fidelities = loadmat("data/fidelities-apg-mle.mat") fidelities = fidelities['flist1'].ravel() iterations = np.arange(len(fidelities)) plt.plot(iterations, fidelities, color="black", label="APG-MLE") plt.legend() plt.xlabel("Iterations") plt.ylabel("Fidelity") plt.ylim(0, 1) plt.grid(which='minor', alpha=0.2) plt.grid(w...
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MIT
paper-figures/fig3a-apg-mle-data.ipynb
quantshah/qst-cgan
MMU Confusion matrix & Metrics walkthroughThis notebook briefly demonstrates the various capabilities of the package on the computation of confusion matrix/matrices and binary classification metrics.
import pandas as pd import numpy as np import mmu
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Data generationWe generate predictions and true labels where:* `scores`: classifier scores* `yhat`: estimated labels* `y`: true labels
scores, yhat, y = mmu.generate_data(n_samples=10000)
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Confusion matrix onlyWe can compute the confusion matrix for a single run using the estimated labels or based on the probability and a classification threshold.Based on the esstimated labels `yhat`
# based on yhat mmu.confusion_matrix(y, yhat)
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
based on classifier score with classification threshold
mmu.confusion_matrix(y, scores=scores, threshold=0.5)
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Precision-Recallmmu has a specialised function for the positive precision and recall
cm, prec_rec = mmu.precision_recall(y, scores=scores, threshold=0.5, return_df=True)
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Next to the point precision and recall there is also a function to compute the precision recall curve.`precision_recall_curve` also available under alias `pr_curve` requires you to pass the discrimination/classification thresholds. Auto thresholdsmmu provides an utility function `auto_thresholds` that returns the all t...
thresholds = mmu.auto_thresholds(scores)
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Confusion matrix and metricsThe ``binary_metrics*`` functions compute ten classification metrics: * 0 - neg.precision aka Negative Predictive Value * 1 - pos.precision aka Positive Predictive Value * 2 - neg.recall aka True Negative Rate & Specificity * 3 - pos.recall aka True Positive Rate aka Sensitivity...
col_index = mmu.metrics.col_index col_index
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
For a single test set
cm, metrics = mmu.binary_metrics(y, yhat) # the confusion matrix cm metrics
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
We can also request dataframes back:
cm, metrics = mmu.binary_metrics(y, yhat, return_df=True) metrics
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
A single run using probabilities
cm, metrics = mmu.binary_metrics(y, scores=scores, threshold=0.5, return_df=True) cm metrics
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
A single run using multiple thresholdsCan be used when you want to compute a precision-recall curve for example
thresholds = mmu.auto_thresholds(scores) cm, metrics = mmu.binary_metrics_thresholds( y=y, scores=scores, thresholds=thresholds, return_df=True )
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
The confusion matrix is now an 2D array where the rows contain the confusion matrix for a single threshold
cm
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Similarly, `metrics` is now an 2D array where the rows contain the metrics for a single threshold
metrics
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Generate multiple runs for the below functions
scores, yhat, y = mmu.generate_data(n_samples=10000, n_sets=100)
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Multiple runs using a single thresholdYou have performed bootstrap or multiple train-test runs and want to evaluate the distribution of the metrics you can use `binary_metrics_runs`.`cm` and `metrics` are now two dimensional arrays where the rows are the confusion matrices/metrics for that a run
cm, metrics = mmu.binary_metrics_runs( y=y, scores=scores, threshold=0.5, ) cm[:5, :]
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Multiple runs using multiple thresholdsYou have performed bootstrap or multiple train-test runs and, for example, want to evaluate the different precision recall curves
cm, metrics = mmu.binary_metrics_runs_thresholds( y=y, scores=scores, thresholds=thresholds, fill=1.0 )
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
The confusion matrix and metrics are now cubes.For the confusion matrix the:* row -- the thresholds* colomns -- the confusion matrix elements* slices -- the runsFor the metrics:* row -- thresholds* colomns -- the metrics* slices -- the runsThe stride is such that the biggest stride is over the thresholds for the confus...
print('shape confusion matrix: ', cm.shape) print('strides confusion matrix: ', cm.strides) print('shape metrics: ', metrics.shape) print('strides metrics: ', metrics.strides) pos_recalls = metrics[:, mmu.metrics.col_index['pos.rec'], :] pos_precisions = metrics[:, mmu.metrics.col_index['pos.prec'], :]
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
Binary metrics over confusion matricesThis can be used when you have a methodology where you model and generate confusion matrices
# We use confusion_matrices to create confusion matrices based on some output cm = mmu.confusion_matrices( y=y, scores=scores, threshold=0.5, ) metrics = mmu.binary_metrics_confusion_matrices(cm, 0.0) mmu.metrics_to_dataframe(metrics)
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Apache-2.0
notebooks/metrics_tutorial.ipynb
RUrlus/ModelMetricUncertainty
- https://github.com/tidyverse/tidyr/tree/master/vignettes - https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tidyr/vignettes/tidy-data.html - https://github.com/cmrivers/ebola
pd.read_csv('../data/preg.csv') pd.read_csv('../data/preg2.csv') pd.melt(pd.read_csv('../data/preg.csv'), 'name')
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MIT
01-notes/04-tidy.ipynb
chilperic/scipy-2017-tutorial-pandas
``` Each variable forms a column. Each observation forms a row. Each type of observational unit forms a table.``` Some common data problems``` Column headers are values, not variable names. Multiple variables are stored in one column. Variables are stored in both rows and columns. Multiple types of...
pew = pd.read_csv('../data/pew.csv') pew.head() pd.melt(pew, id_vars=['religion']) pd.melt(pew, id_vars='religion', var_name='income', value_name='count')
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MIT
01-notes/04-tidy.ipynb
chilperic/scipy-2017-tutorial-pandas
Keep multiple columns fixed
billboard = pd.read_csv('../data/billboard.csv') billboard.head() pd.melt(billboard, id_vars=['year', 'artist', 'track', 'time', 'date.entered'], value_name='rank', var_name='week')
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MIT
01-notes/04-tidy.ipynb
chilperic/scipy-2017-tutorial-pandas
Multiple variables are stored in one column.
tb = pd.read_csv('../data/tb.csv') tb.head() ebola = pd.read_csv('../data/ebola_country_timeseries.csv') ebola.head() # first let's melt the data down ebola_long = ebola.melt(id_vars=['Date', 'Day'], value_name='count', var_name='cd_country') ebola_long.head() var_split =...
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MIT
01-notes/04-tidy.ipynb
chilperic/scipy-2017-tutorial-pandas
above in a single step
variable_split = ebola_long['cd_country'].str.split('_', expand=True) variable_split.head() variable_split.columns = ['status1', 'country1'] ebola = pd.concat([ebola_long, variable_split], axis=1) ebola.head()
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MIT
01-notes/04-tidy.ipynb
chilperic/scipy-2017-tutorial-pandas
Variables in both rows and columns
weather = pd.read_csv('../data/weather.csv') weather.head() weather_melt = pd.melt(weather, id_vars=['id', 'year', 'month', 'element'], var_name='day', value_name='temp') weather_melt.head() weather_tidy = weather_melt.pivot_table( index=['id', 'year...
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MIT
01-notes/04-tidy.ipynb
chilperic/scipy-2017-tutorial-pandas
This notebook was prepared by [Donne Martin](https://github.com/donnemartin). Source and license info is on [GitHub](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges). Challenge Notebook Problem: Implement breadth-first search on a graph.* [Constraints](Constraints)* [Test Cases](Test-Cases)* [Algorithm](...
%run ../graph/graph.py class GraphBfs(Graph): def bfs(self, root, visit_func): # TODO: Implement me pass
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Apache-2.0
graphs_trees/graph_bfs/bfs_challenge.ipynb
janhak/ica-answers
Unit Test **The following unit test is expected to fail until you solve the challenge.**
%run ../utils/results.py # %load test_bfs.py from nose.tools import assert_equal class TestBfs(object): def __init__(self): self.results = Results() def test_bfs(self): nodes = [] graph = GraphBfs() for id in range(0, 6): nodes.append(graph.add_node(id)) g...
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Apache-2.0
graphs_trees/graph_bfs/bfs_challenge.ipynb
janhak/ica-answers
ScottPlot Notebook Quickstart_How to use ScottPlot to plot data in a Jupyter / .NET Interactive notebook_
// Install the ScottPlot NuGet package #r "nuget:ScottPlot" // Plot some data double[] dataX = new double[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; double[] dataY = new double[] { 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 }; var plt = new ScottPlot.Plot(400, 300); plt.AddScatter(dataX, dataY); // Display the result as a HTML image display(HTML(plt.GetImageHTML()))...
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MIT
src/ScottPlot4/ScottPlot.Sandbox/Notebook/ScottPlotQuickstart.ipynb
p-rakash/ScottPlot
PyTorch Image Classification Single GPU using Vertex Training with Custom Container View on GitHub Setup
PROJECT_ID = "YOUR PROJECT ID" BUCKET_NAME = "gs://YOUR BUCKET NAME" REGION = "YOUR REGION" SERVICE_ACCOUNT = "YOUR SERVICE ACCOUNT" content_name = "pt-img-cls-gpu-cust-cont-torchserve"
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Apache-2.0
community-content/pytorch_image_classification_single_gpu_with_vertex_sdk_and_torchserve/vertex_training_with_custom_container.ipynb
nayaknishant/vertex-ai-samples
Local Training
! ls trainer ! cat trainer/requirements.txt ! pip install -r trainer/requirements.txt ! cat trainer/task.py %run trainer/task.py --epochs 5 --local-mode ! ls ./tmp ! rm -rf ./tmp
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Apache-2.0
community-content/pytorch_image_classification_single_gpu_with_vertex_sdk_and_torchserve/vertex_training_with_custom_container.ipynb
nayaknishant/vertex-ai-samples
Vertex Training using Vertex SDK and Custom Container Build Custom Container
hostname = "gcr.io" image_name_train = content_name tag = "latest" custom_container_image_uri_train = f"{hostname}/{PROJECT_ID}/{image_name_train}:{tag}" ! cd trainer && docker build -t $custom_container_image_uri_train -f Dockerfile . ! docker run --rm $custom_container_image_uri_train --epochs 5 --local-mode ! docke...
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Apache-2.0
community-content/pytorch_image_classification_single_gpu_with_vertex_sdk_and_torchserve/vertex_training_with_custom_container.ipynb
nayaknishant/vertex-ai-samples
Initialize Vertex SDK
! pip install -r requirements.txt from google.cloud import aiplatform aiplatform.init( project=PROJECT_ID, staging_bucket=BUCKET_NAME, location=REGION, )
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Apache-2.0
community-content/pytorch_image_classification_single_gpu_with_vertex_sdk_and_torchserve/vertex_training_with_custom_container.ipynb
nayaknishant/vertex-ai-samples
Create a Vertex Tensorboard Instance
tensorboard = aiplatform.Tensorboard.create( display_name=content_name, )
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Apache-2.0
community-content/pytorch_image_classification_single_gpu_with_vertex_sdk_and_torchserve/vertex_training_with_custom_container.ipynb
nayaknishant/vertex-ai-samples
Option: Use a Previously Created Vertex Tensorboard Instance```tensorboard_name = "Your Tensorboard Resource Name or Tensorboard ID"tensorboard = aiplatform.Tensorboard(tensorboard_name=tensorboard_name)``` Run a Vertex SDK CustomContainerTrainingJob
display_name = content_name gcs_output_uri_prefix = f"{BUCKET_NAME}/{display_name}" machine_type = "n1-standard-4" accelerator_count = 1 accelerator_type = "NVIDIA_TESLA_K80" container_args = [ "--batch-size", "256", "--epochs", "100", ] custom_container_training_job = aiplatform.CustomContainerTraini...
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Apache-2.0
community-content/pytorch_image_classification_single_gpu_with_vertex_sdk_and_torchserve/vertex_training_with_custom_container.ipynb
nayaknishant/vertex-ai-samples
Training Artifact
! gsutil ls $gcs_output_uri_prefix
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Apache-2.0
community-content/pytorch_image_classification_single_gpu_with_vertex_sdk_and_torchserve/vertex_training_with_custom_container.ipynb
nayaknishant/vertex-ai-samples
PostImages UploaderThis notebook provide an easy way to upload your images to [postimages.org](https://postimages.org). How to use:- Modify the **configurations** if needed.- At menu bar, select Run > Run All Cells.- Scroll to the end of this notebook for outputs. Configurations ---Path to a directory which contains...
INPUT_DIR = '../outputs/images'
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MIT
notebooks/uploader/postimages.ipynb
TheYoke/PngBin
---Path to a file which will contain a list of uploaded image urls used for updating metadata database file.> Append if exists.
URLS_PATH = '../outputs/urls.txt'
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MIT
notebooks/uploader/postimages.ipynb
TheYoke/PngBin
--- Import
import os import sys from modules.PostImages import PostImages
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MIT
notebooks/uploader/postimages.ipynb
TheYoke/PngBin
Basic Configuration Validation
assert os.path.isdir(INPUT_DIR), 'INPUT_DIR must exist and be a directory.' assert any(x.is_file() for x in os.scandir(INPUT_DIR)), 'INPUT_DIR top level directory must have at least one file.' assert not os.path.exists(URLS_PATH) or os.path.isfile(URLS_PATH), 'URLS_PATH must be a file if it exists.'
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MIT
notebooks/uploader/postimages.ipynb
TheYoke/PngBin