pmid stringlengths 4 8 | title stringlengths 1 1.27k | text stringlengths 1 14.3k |
|---|---|---|
8044640 | The prevention and mitigation of famine: policy lessons from Botswana and Sudan. | Botswana and Sudan experienced consecutive years of drought in the 1980s. Sudan faced a large decline in food entitlement and nutritional deterioration, which translated into famine in 1984/85. Botswana, on the other hand, nearly compensated income losses and averted nutritional deterioration and famine-related deaths.... |
8044639 | Northern Sudan in 1991: food crisis and the international relief response. | By the end of 1991, less than half the amount of relief food requested for North Sudan at the beginning of the year had been delivered. Despite ample evidence of social and economic stress and high rates of child malnutrition, many donors felt that relief needs had been exaggerated, and were unwilling to accept that re... |
8044638 | Volcanic disaster mitigation in the Philippines: experience from Mt. Pinatubo. | Considerable progress has been made in volcanic disaster mitigation in the Philippines during the last four decades, since the devastating Hibok-Hibok eruption in 1951 and the establishment of the Commission on Volcanology (COMVOL), the forerunner of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) in ... |
8044637 | Environmental monitoring of bleached kraft pulp mill chlorophenolic compounds in a northern Canadian river system. | The environmental transport of pulp mill effluent compounds and the exposure of two fish species has been monitored by parallel analyses of effluent, water column and suspended sediment samples, and fish bile and muscle. Compounds analyzed included over 20 chlorophenolic compounds and 12 fatty and resin acids. The conc... |
8044636 | Utilization of 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid as source of phosphorus by environmental bacterial isolates. | Six bacterial strains able to degrade aerobically 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) were isolated. The bacteria used PBTC as sole source of phosphorus in the presence of an alternative source of carbon. The microorganisms were taken from various ecosystems, e.g. river water, river sediment and activated... |
8044635 | Changes in concentrations of selenium and mercury in largemouth bass following elimination of fly ash discharge to a quarry. | Elimination of slurried fly ash discharges to a water-filled quarry was followed by a steady increase in concentrations of mercury in the axial muscle of resident largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Average mercury concentrations in bass (adjusted for covariance with fish weight) increased from 0.02 micrograms/g t... |
8044634 | Toxicity identification evaluations for the investigation of fish kills: a case study. | A large fish-kill was observed in the river Tajo during the Spring-Summer of 1991. The mortality was first detected between Aranjuez and Toledo, affecting several fish species. Then it was slowly going downstream, affecting only carp (Cyprinus carpio), reaching the Spanish-Portuguese border several months later. Short-... |
8044633 | Volatile organic compounds from household waste. | Ninety volatile organic compounds were identified in the headspace of biodegradable and mixed household waste by GC/MS. Most of them could be attributed to biological waste, microbiological growth in biological waste or packaging materials. Although none of the compounds were present at concentrations exceeding their t... |
8044632 | An attempt to control the polychlorocatechol pigment production during 3-chlorobenzoate aerobic co-metabolism in growing-cell batch culture. | A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, designed CP30, was capable of co-metabolizing 3-chlorobenzoic acid via chlorocatechols, thus producing a polychlorocatechol black pigment. The pigment production was found to be enzyme-mediated in P. fluorescens cultures; however, the results of the autoxidation studies suggested th... |
8044631 | Uniform system for the evaluation of substances. I. Principles and structure. | In April 1994, the first version of the Uniform System for the Evaluation of Substances (USES 1.0) was launched to comply with an action point of the Netherlands National Environmental Policy Plan. USES is a tool for the rapid, quantitative assessment of the hazards and risks of chemical substances, including new subst... |
8044630 | Prediction of chemical residues in aquatic organisms for a field discharge situation. | A field study was performed which compared predicted and measured concentrations of chemicals in receiving water organisms from three sampling locations on Five Mile Creek, Birmingham, Al. Two point source discharges, both from coke manufacturing facilities, were included in the field site and five chemicals were studi... |
8044629 | Polychlorinated biphenyls in mother milk and adapted cow's milk. | In the present study, 50 samples of mother milk and 20 samples of adapted cow's milk produced for bottle feeding supplied from the lactarium of the Pediatric Hospital were examined for presence of 6 indicator congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (IUPAC No. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180). Congeners No. 138, 153, and ... |
8044628 | Screening for planar chlorobiphenyl congeners in tissues of marine biota by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. | A rapid method has been developed to screen for planar chlorobiphenyl (CB) congeners, as well as certain other CBs and DDTs, in tissue samples from marine biota. The analytes were extracted from tissue matrices with 1:1 hexane/pentane (v/v) and interfering compounds were separated from the CBs on a gravity-flow column ... |
8044627 | Heavy metal pollution in water, sediment and fish from the Tigris river in Turkey. | Some heavy metals (Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) were determined in water, sediments and some fish species (Cyprinion macrostomus and Garra rufa) from the Tigris River. Mo and V were not detected in water and Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn were found low values. Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were found very high levels in the sediments... |
8044621 | Intra-abdominal sepsis and survival after surgery for colorectal cancer. | Of 361 patients who survived curative left colonic or sphincter-saving rectal resection for cancer, 44 developed significant postoperative intra-abdominal sepsis and 317 did not. The two groups were well matched for age, sex, site of tumour, Dukes stage, tumour differentiation and timing of operation. There was no sign... |
8044620 | Magnetic resonance imaging of rectal carcinoma: a prospective study. | Accurate preoperative staging of rectal cancer is necessary to identify patients who might benefit from adjuvant therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated in 20 consecutive patients with rectal cancer undergoing 'curative' surgery. Detailed histopathological examination of the resected lesion was correlat... |
8044619 | Requirement for bowel preparation in colorectal surgery. | To determine whether mechanical bowel preparation influences the incidence of anastomotic dehiscence following colorectal surgery, 186 patients undergoing elective left colonic or rectal resection were randomized before surgery to bowel preparation (n = 89) or no bowel preparation (n = 97). Surgical technique was stand... |
8044618 | Prospective randomized trial of Ivalon sponge versus sutured rectopexy for full-thickness rectal prolapse. | Ivalon sponge rectopexy is a safe reliable procedure in the management of rectal prolapse. Sutured rectopexy is simpler and avoids the use of foreign material. Sutured rectopexy is mandatory if synchronous resection is to be considered. Sixty-three patients (62 women) with full-thickness rectal prolapse were entered in... |
8044617 | Histological assessment of the distal 'doughnut' in patients undergoing stapled restorative proctocolectomy with high or low anal transection. | A non-randomized prospective study of 38 patients, 32 with ulcerative colitis and six with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), who underwent high or low anal transection during stapled restorative proctocolectomy was undertaken. The median (range) height of the staple line 6 months after operation was 5.2 (3.2-6.0) c... |
8044616 | Comparison of three methods to obtain percutaneous needle core biopsies of a renal allograft. | During 280 renal transplant biopsy procedures, 440 biopsy cores were obtained using three techniques: blind vertical pass, ultrasonographic guidance and ultrasonographic guidance with immediate specimen examination by stereoscopic microscopy. The success rates per procedure in obtaining renal cortex by blind vertical p... |
8044614 | Acute scrotal pain complicating familial Mediterranean fever in children. | Twenty-nine children with familial Mediterranean fever presented with 39 attacks of acute scrotal pain. Of these, 25 patients had an acute scrotum complicating familial Mediterranean fever and only four had testicular torsion. Scrotal pain was the only manifestation of a familial Mediterranean fever crisis in 36 episod... |
8044613 | Multicentre audit of death from acute pancreatitis. | A prospective audit of acute pancreatitis involving nine hospitals in the North-West Thames Region recruited 631 patients over 54 months. There were 57 deaths (9 per cent); a diagnosis had been reached in 50 patients (88 per cent) before death and in seven (12 per cent) at autopsy. Eighteen patients (32 per cent) died ... |
8044612 | Antimicrobial treatment of pancreatic infection in cats. | An investigation examined the efficacy of antibiotics in a novel feline model of pancreatic infection in acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced in cats using an established technique. In control animals (no pancreatitis) and cats with pancreatitis, Escherichia coli (10(4) in 0.1 ml) was placed in the pancre... |
8044610 | Chemotherapy prolongs survival in inoperable pancreatic carcinoma. | Forty-three patients with irresectable advanced pancreatic cancer were randomized to receive chemotherapy using a combination of 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin and mitomycin or no chemotherapy. Groups were well matched with regard to age, extent of disease and performance status on entry. Chemotherapy was well tolerated an... |
8044609 | Endoscopic drainage of traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst. | Pancreatic pseudocyst following trauma is usually caused by a major duct injury and may present late. The outcome of endoscopic treatment in five patients with post-traumatic pseudocyst is described. Diagnosis was made from 3 weeks to 1 year after injury by ultrasonography and computed tomography. A distinct bulge was ... |
8044608 | Chromosome allele loss in colorectal liver metastases and its association with clinical features. | Molecular genetic changes are better characterized in colorectal carcinoma than in other common adult tumours. Consistent allele losses, or loss of heterozygosity (LOH), on chromosomes 5q, 17p and 18q have been well established. These changes are associated with the prognosis of the disease. Little is known of such cha... |
8044607 | Conservative initial treatment for liver abscesses in children. | A total of 124 children aged less than 14 years with a liver abscess were seen in a 16-year period (1974-1990) and treated by non-operative initial management. Of the abscesses 98 occurred in the right liver and 26 in the left. The abscesses were solitary in 93 patients. Overall, 77 of the solitary and 21 of the multip... |
8044606 | Randomized trial of adrenaline injection and laser photocoagulation in the control of haemorrhage from peptic ulcer. | Forty-nine consecutive patients with bleeding from peptic ulcers that would conventionally have required surgical intervention were randomized to receive endoscopic injection of adrenaline (1:10,000) or laser photocoagulation. Patients were included only if they had a visible vessel at endoscopic examination. Five pati... |
8044605 | Effect of intraoperative manipulation and anaesthesia on lower oesophageal sphincter function during fundoplication. | The variables influencing the intraoperative measurement of lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressure and a new method of assessing the effect of a fundal wrap on LOS function were investigated in 13 patients undergoing fundoplication. All patients had a 360 degrees wrap fashioned around a 50-Fr bougie; four also unde... |
8044604 | Surgical management of intrathoracic oesophageal rupture. | Intrathoracic oesophageal rupture is a life-threatening condition that requires early diagnosis and effective treatment if death or serious prolonged illness is to be avoided. Six consecutive patients with intrathoracic oesophageal rupture were treated by debridement and irrigation of the mediastinum and primary suture... |
8044603 | Prediction of pulmonary complications after transthoracic oesophagectomy. | Postoperative pulmonary complications are often fatal in patients with oesophageal cancer. The influence of various preoperative and perioperative risk factors in the prediction of such complications was analysed. Some 170 oesophageal resections performed through a thoracotomy between January 1977 and December 1991 wer... |
8044602 | Perioperative and postoperative tranexamic acid reduces the local wound complication rate after surgery for breast cancer. | A randomized double-blind trial has shown that, in 160 women with breast cancer undergoing lumpectomy or mastectomy with axillary clearance, perioperative and postoperative administration of tranexamic acid 1 g three times daily resulted in a significant reduction in the mean postoperative drainage volume compared with... |
8044601 | Comparison of radioligand assay and immunostaining for epidermal growth factor receptor in human breast cancer. | Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor status is a useful prognostic indicator in women with breast cancer. Lack of standardization and correlation of methodology for the detection of EGF receptor has hampered its further evaluation. EGF receptor status was ascertained by immunohistochemistry and radioligand assay in 1... |
8044600 | Increased gut permeability after multiple trauma. | Gut permeability was studied in multiply injured patients with respect to the development of multiple organ failure (MOF). Two groups were defined according to MOF score (threshold 10 points) as to whether MOF developed (group 1; n = 11, four deaths) or did not (group 2; n = 21, no death). Gut permeability was determin... |
8044599 | Venous function and clinical outcome following deep vein thrombosis. | The severity of post-thrombotic symptoms in 111 limbs (107 patients) with previous phlebographically proven deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was correlated with superficial and deep venous function as determined by foot volumetry (n = 90) and duplex ultrasonography (n = 62). The median delay between DVT and assessment was 8 ... |
8044597 | Influence of compression stockings on lower-limb venous haemodynamics during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. | Lower-limb venous haemodynamics were studied prospectively in 40 patients (24 women, 16 men of median age 52 years) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomized to wear compression stockings during surgery or no stockings. All received subcutaneous heparin prophylaxis. Venous capacitance and outflo... |
8044595 | Outcome in patients who require renal support after surgery for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. | Over a 3-year period haemofiltration and dialysis was provided for 18 patients who developed renal failure after operation for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Four of the patients underwent operation elsewhere and were transferred when renal failure was diagnosed. The median duration of renal support in the 1... |
8044594 | Trends in vascular surgery since the introduction of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. | Lower-limb percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has been used increasingly over the past decade, either alone or in conjunction with arterial reconstructive surgery. However, its impact on operation rates has not been evaluated properly. Rates of vascular operations and PTAs performed per referral for peripheral... |
8044593 | Carotid endarterectomy in Great Britain and Ireland: practice between 1984 and 1992. | Of 356 questionnaires on carotid endarterectomy sent to all vascular surgeons in Great Britain and Ireland likely to undertake this procedure, 326 (92 per cent) were returned. Of those who replied 131 (40 per cent) performed at least one carotid endarterectomy in 1992; 57 (44 per cent) of these carried out ten or fewer... |
8044591 | Influence of Losartan, an angiotensin receptor antagonist, on neointimal proliferation in cultured human saphenous vein. | An organ culture of human saphenous vein was used as a model of vein graft intimal hyperplasia and the potential of Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, to inhibit neointimal proliferation was investigated. Median (range) neointimal thickness was reduced from 17 (16-19) to 11 (8-18) microns in veins culture... |
8044590 | Platelet activation during hand vibration. | The level of beta-thromboglobulin, the circulating platelet aggregate ratio and platelet sensitivity to aggregation with adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and collagen were assessed in 12 control subjects, 16 patients with vibration white finger (VWF) and 15 patients with primary Raynaud's disease; this was done before an... |
8044589 | Hypercoagulable states in patients with leg ischaemia. | Hypercoagulable states are found in up to 10 per cent of patients with a history of unexplained venous thrombosis. To investigate the prevalence in arterial thrombosis, thrombophilia screening was performed on 124 patients who had previously undergone lower-limb revascularization, 45 claudicants and 27 controls. Of the... |
8044588 | Management of bile duct stones in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. | The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has resulted in increased options for the management of bile duct stones and has stimulated a fundamental reappraisal of the situation before the laparoscopic era. This article reviews the natural history of bile duct stones and details the different ways in which they m... |
8044587 | Neutrophils may contribute to the morbidity and mortality of claudicants. | Peripheral arterial occlusive disease is a common cause of morbidity in middle-aged men; 5 per cent of those aged over 50 years suffer from intermittent claudication. While claudication itself is not fatal, claudicants have a mortality rate approximately three times that of non-claudicating men of the same age, mainly ... |
8044569 | Rectoanal inhibition and incontinence in patients with rectal prolapse. | Thirty-five patients with complete rectal prolapse, 32 with neurogenic faecal incontinence and 33 controls underwent ambulatory recording using a computerized anal electromyographic and anorectal manometry system. Median resting anal pressures were 34 cmH2O in patients with prolapse, 51 cmH2O in those with neurogenic f... |
8044568 | Unconjugated faecal bile acids in familial adenomatous polyposis analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. | Previous studies have suggested reduced formation of secondary bile acids in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Developments in the collection, extraction and analysis of faecal bile acids as well as in the accurate diagnosis of FAP by DNA markers prompted reinvestigation of this hypothesis. The median... |
8044567 | Prognosis of elderly patients with large bowel cancer. | The effect of age on the presentation, diagnosis, management and survival of patients with colorectal cancer was studied prospectively in 512 patients admitted to a single institution. In all, 225 patients were aged 70 years or more and 287 less than 70 years. Older patients had a significant excess of emergency presen... |
8044566 | The 5-year natural history of complicated diverticular disease. | The natural history of complicated diverticular disease based on details of 300 patients entered into a national audit between 1985 and 1988 is reported. Questionnaires were sent to the general practitioners of 176 patients with this condition 5 years after hospital admission; 120 responded. Of these 120 patients, ten ... |
8044565 | National audit of complicated diverticular disease: analysis of index cases. | Details of 300 patients with complicated diverticular disease from 30 hospitals between 1985 and 1988 were entered into a national audit organized by the Surgical Research Society. Complications present on admission included acute phlegmon (n = 104), pericolic abscess (n = 34), purulent peritonitis (n = 40), large bowe... |
8044564 | Life-table analysis of stomal complications following ileostomy. | Stomal complications of ileostomy may occur many years after construction. An actuarial analysis of complications of 150 permanent end ileostomies constructed over a 10-year period is reported. By 20 years the incidence of stomal complications approached 76 per cent in patients operated on for ulcerative colitis and 59... |
8044563 | Influence of total colectomy on serum antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease. | Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCAs) have previously been demonstrated in patients with various forms of vasculitis and more recently in those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Sera from 194 patients were tested for pANCAs: 101 with ulcerative colit... |
8044561 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary pancreatitis. | A prospective study was undertaken to assess the technical difficulty of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute biliary pancreatitis. Patients underwent early endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed after signs of clinical improvement. Five steps were assessed du... |
8044558 | Splenic autotransplantation after splenectomy: tuftsin activity correlates with residual splenic function. | This study set out to determine the relationship between splenic function (as assessed by the percentage of pitted red cells) and tuftsin activity, and to confirm the return of effective splenic function after splenectomy for trauma. Twenty-three patients (13 men) took part. Ten of mean age 48.5 (range 30-74) years had... |
8044556 | Thoracoscopic evaluation of the diaphragm in patients with knife wounds of the left lower chest. | The role of thoracoscopy in assessing the status of the diaphragm in penetrating knife wounds of the left lower chest was studied prospectively in 55 patients. Those with positive thoracoscopic findings (n = 22) proceeded to exploratory laparotomy and those with an uninvolved diaphragm (n = 32) were observed. Thoracosc... |
8044555 | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Northumberland. | A study was carried out to examine the feasibility of setting up a community-based screening programme for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in men aged 65-79 years served by a district general hospital. A pilot project was run in two general practices from which 800 men were invited to undergo ultrasonography of the abd... |
8044554 | Mortality rates associated with operative treatment of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm in The Netherlands. | Information on surgery for non-ruptured and ruptured infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in all hospitals in The Netherlands in 1990 was obtained from the Dutch National Medical Registration Foundation. The operation rate in the population over the age of 50 years was 30.3 per 100,000 for non-ruptured AAA and 16... |
8044552 | Long-term human vein graft contractility and morphology: a functional and histopathological study of retrieved coronary vein grafts. | Vasoreactivity of 11 coronary artery vein bypass grafts and 13 human saphenous veins was examined. Isometric tension studies were performed in response to potassium chloride (110 mmol/l), noradrenaline (10(-9)-10(-4) mol/l), serotonin (10(-9)-10(-4) mol/l) and histamine (10(-8)-10(-2) mol/l). After precontraction with ... |
8044550 | Inappropriate neutrophil activation in venous disease. | Neutrophil oxygen radical production was studied in 18 limbs with class 2 or 3 venous disease and compared with that of nine normal limbs. Neutrophils were isolated from arm and leg venous samples. Free radical production was determined using chemiluminescence after stimulation with the chemotactic peptide formyl-methi... |
8044549 | Endoluminal ultrasonography in the follow-up of patients with rectal cancer. | One principal aim in follow-up after curative surgery for colorectal cancer is to identify recurrent disease at an early and possibly treatable stage. The major problem for patients with rectal carcinoma is local recurrence, which occurs in 3-30 per cent of cases and carries a 5-year survival rate of less than 5 per ce... |
8044548 | Colorectal cancer surveillance in patients with ulcerative colitis. | In a prospective study carried out between 1977 and 1991, 131 patients with ulcerative colitis from an area of 65,000 inhabitants were followed by clinical visits and regular colonoscopy with biopsy. At the end of the study 58 patients had had total colitis for more than 10 years, 38 had left the programme (16 after ra... |
8044547 | Prognostic factors and survival of patients aged less than 45 years with colorectal cancer. | Colorectal cancers in 92 patients aged 45 years and under presenting over a 20-year period (1970-1990) were studied. A delay of more than 4 months in presentation was seen in 27 per cent of patients. All underwent surgery, 14 per cent emergency and 86 per cent elective, and follow-up was available for 91 patients. Over... |
8044545 | Practical score to aid decision making in doubtful cases of appendicitis. | During recent years different procedures have been used to assist in diagnosis of questionable cases of appendicitis. Among these methods, there are few scoring systems that have been shown to be effective. The aim of this study was to create a scoring system and to test its accuracy in the preoperative diagnosis of ac... |
8044544 | Repeated reconstruction for recurrent benign bile duct stricture. | Since 1965, 101 operations for benign bile duct stricture have been performed, including 51 Roux-en-Y end-to-side hepaticojejunostomies. Complete follow-up to a mean of 12.5 years has been achieved. Nine patients required reoperation for stricture; the total cumulative late patency rate was 90 per cent, including succe... |
8044542 | Surgical treatment of insulinoma. | The role of preoperative and intraoperative procedures for the localization of insulinoma has been extensively debated. Transhepatic portal vein sampling before surgery has been recommended when other tests fail to localize the tumour. To determine the role of different investigations, 53 patients with insulinoma, four... |
8044541 | Intestinal anastomosis with a skin stapler: a safe and efficient method in humans. | A method of intestinal anastomosis with a skin stapler has been used successfully in 39 patients to form 40 anastomoses. The method has been employed in elective and emergency surgery, in small and large intestine, for a variety of pathological conditions and in the presence of obstruction, sepsis and soiling. Bowel an... |
8044539 | Intravenous digital subtraction angiography versus computed tomography in the assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. | Results of preoperative investigation of 127 patients who underwent elective aortic aneurysm repair during a 3-year period were examined and compared with findings at operation. The accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in assessing proximal and distal a... |
8044538 | Variation in outcome of surgical procedures. | Evidence regarding the relationship between outcome and the number (volume) of patients treated at individual hospitals or by individual surgeons is reviewed and the interplay of other factors such as hospital characteristics, population profiles and referral preferences examined. An inverse relationship between mortal... |
8044537 | Abdominal wall metastases following laparoscopy. | Only 18 cases of recurrence at the sites of cannula insertion after laparoscopy have been reported in the literature, ten of them in the past year. The period between laparoscopic surgery and presentation of wound metastasis varies widely, from 7 days to 10 months; the lesions are typically hard, craggy and painful. Th... |
8044536 | Ischaemia-reperfusion injury. | Ischaemia-reperfusion injury is a complex phenomenon often encountered in surgical practice. The consequences of such injury are local and remote tissue destruction, and sometimes death. Several different processes have been implicated. This review discusses the pathology of such injury, the mechanisms of free radical ... |
8044533 | Reasons for patient drop-out from an intracavernous auto-injection programme for erectile dysfunction. | To identify factors that contribute to patient drop-out rates from an intracavernous auto-injection programme for erectile dysfunction. Forty-seven patients who had been successfully treated with intracavernous vasoactive agents but who subsequently failed to attend follow-up appointments were included in the study. Ea... |
8044532 | Ultrasound in the evaluation of urethral stricture disease: a prospective study in 175 patients. | To investigate the characteristic ultrasonic appearance of urethral stricture disease in men. Between 1990 and 1992 a prospective study in 175 men with the suspicion of urethral stricture was performed using urethral ultrasound as the first diagnostic procedure, followed by retrograde urethrography, voiding cystourethr... |
8044531 | The effect of pharmacological stimulation and blockade of autonomic receptors and of pudendal blockade on urethral stress relaxation in healthy women. | To examine the influence of autonomic receptor stimulation and blockade (noradrenaline, prazosin, terbutaline, propranolol, carbachol and atropine), and of pudendal nerve blockade on urethral stress relaxation. Forty healthy women were evaluated. The stress relaxation parameter was defined as the relative rate of press... |
8044530 | Altered saccharide sequences in two groups of patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. | To investigate the hypothesis that primary prostatic carcinomas with metastases to different sites (lymph nodes or bone) show varying expression of cell surface and cytoplasmic glycoconjugates. A group of 14 patients with primary prostatic carcinoma with lymph node metastases but no bone metastases has previously been ... |
8044529 | Rapid tumour recurrence following cessation of long-term treatment with intravesical thiotepa. | To report tumour recurrence related to cessation of long-term therapy with thiotepa. A group of 12 patients with low grade (I-II), low stage (TA-T1) transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were included in the study. All patients had been treated with intravesical thiotepa for a period ranging from 24 to 71 months a... |
8044528 | Destruction of the vesicoureteric plexus for the treatment of hypersensitive bladder disorders. | To determine whether bilateral vesicoureteric ganglion excision is effective in the treatment of women with hypersensitive bladder disorders. Utilizing neuroconductive studies, 175 women with hypersensitive bladder complaints of burning and frequency were selected by the presence of abnormal pudendal nerve sensory late... |
8044527 | The invaginated sleeve technique for a continent cystostomy--five years' clinical experience. | To evaluate the invaginated sleeve technique for continent cystostomy in humans. Over the past 5 years six patients have undergone this operative procedure. An essential principle utilized in the technique is the property of partial thickness bladder grafts to stretch longitudinally, so that each tubularized pedicle gr... |
8044526 | The radionuclide assessment of pre-natally diagnosed hydronephrosis. | To determine if a pre-operative non-invasive radionuclide study can predict the results of surgery in infants with pre-natally diagnosed hydronephrosis. Eight male infants with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis were treated by pyeloplasty within the first 4 months of life. All infants underwent a pre-operative diures... |
8044525 | Chronic hydronephrosis: renographic drainage patterns and renal morphology in an animal model. | To develop an animal model of chronic progressive hydronephrosis; to establish patterns of diuretic renography during development of the condition; and to relate renographic abnormality to morphological change in the renal parenchyma. The cellophane sclerosis technique was used to produce a hydronephrosis in the left k... |
8044524 | The influence of banana stem extract on urinary risk factors for stones in normal and hyperoxaluric rats. | To study the effect of banana stem (Family Musaceae) extract on urinary risk factors in an animal model of hyperoxaluria. Thirty male rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. The rats in Group I acted as the control, in Group II rats hyperoxaluria was induced using sodium glycollate, Group III were given aq... |
8044522 | Immunological parameters in peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma before and after nephrectomy. | To determine the effects of nephrectomy on the immune response of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Five patients with RCC were monitored before and over a period of up to 3 months after nephrectomy. The aspects measured were the phenotypic expression of markers on circulating lymphocytes, circulating concentra... |
8044506 | Laparoscopic procedure for varicocelectomy. | To report the results of laparoscopic varicocelectomy, a new surgical technique which presents minimal risks and provides an effective management of clinical varicoceles. Between July 1991 and November 1992, 45 laparoscopic varicocelectomies were performed in 44 patients whose ages ranged from 11 to 41 years. Endoscopi... |
8044505 | Interferon as adjunctive treatment for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma. | To investigate the effect of recombinant alpha 2b-interferon therapy on natural killer (NK) activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the peripheral blood in patients with renal cell carcinoma who had undergone radical nephrectomy. Between January 1988 and June 1989, 20 patients (14 men and s... |
8044504 | Vacuum constriction devices in erectile dysfunction: acceptance and effectiveness in patients with impotence of organic or mixed aetiology. | To investigate the value of vacuum constriction devices in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. A total of 67 patients were treated with vacuum constriction devices. The impotence was of organic origin in 36 men (54%) while in the remaining 31 (46%) it was of mixed aetiology (organic and psychological factors). Forty... |
8044503 | Sex differences in aggression: social representation and social roles. | Previous research suggests that men hold an instrumental social representation of aggression in which aggression is viewed as a functional interpersonal act aimed at imposing control over other people while women view aggression in expressive terms as a breakdown of self-control over anger. The present study examines t... |
8044502 | The development of gender differentiation in young children. | A sample of 128 boys and girls in four age groups (three, five, seven, nine years) undertook tasks designed to assess their ability to categorize by gender, gender constancy, evaluations of gender groups, and gender discrimination in the allocation of prizes in a task performance setting. Results indicated that all chi... |
8044501 | Estimation of body composition in Chinese and British men by ultrasonographic assessment of segmental adipose tissue volume. | It has been shown that ultrasonographic measurements can be used to predict body composition in adults. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between ultrasonograph and caliper (SKF) measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness in athletic Caucasian (English, E) and Asian (Chinese, C) men ag... |
8044497 | Bungee running--a new sport but old injuries. | Bungee running, a new sport related to bungee jumping, is fast becoming more common. This report of two cases of injury associated with it shows the need for safety precautions during the game. |
8044496 | Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning for adolescent back pain. A sine qua non? | Nine cases of adolescent back pain show that a diagnosis of spondylolysis cannot be made on physical examination alone and that single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning revealed pars interarticularis stress lesions undiagnosable on planar technetium-99 bone scan. As management of spondylolysis differ... |
8044494 | Precompetition anxiety in women volleyball players: a test of ZOF theory in a team sport. | Consistency in psychological factors is widely regarded to be important for successful performance in team sports, but the Zone of Optimal Function (ZOF) theory contends that athletes should exhibit considerable variability in the level of anxiety that will optimize performance. In an attempt to determine if tenets of ... |
8044493 | Oxygen consumption, heart rate and oxygen pulse associated with selected exercise-to-muscle class elements. | The purpose of the investigation was to determine the relative oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate and oxygen pulse associated with the constituent elements of an exercise-to-music class. Six women exercise-to-music leaders with a mean(s.d.) age, weight and height of 33.2(5.2) years, 51.0(2.8) kg and 157.9(5.6) cm res... |
8044492 | Effects of rider position on continuous wave Doppler responses to maximal cycle ergometry. | Using 10 well-trained (VO2peak = 60.6 ml kg-1min-1) college age cyclists and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography, peak acceleration (PkA) and velocity (PkV) of blood flow in the ascending aorta, and the stroke velocity integral (SVI) were assessed to determine if rider position influenced the central haemodynamic ... |
8044490 | Extra-articular tenodesis for anterior cruciate ligament rupture in amateur skiers. | Thirty one amateur skiers with 33 knees which had had a symptomatic chronic rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) treated with the Lemaire operation were reviewed retrospectively at an average of 4.5 years. Of the patients 23 were women. The operation failed to control symptoms in 17 out of the 33 knees. Howe... |
8044491 | Hearing loss in Grand Prix motorcyclists: occupational hazard or sports injury? | The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in current motorcycle grand prix racers was investigated. A total of 44 riders was randomly recruited and underwent interview, otological examination and pure tone audiometry. The median age was 28 (range 18-37) years and median racing experience was 10 (range 2-21) y... |
8044488 | Isokinetic profile of dorsiflexors and plantar flexors of the ankle--a comparative study of élite versus untrained subjects. | A comparative study was made of the isokinetic characteristics of the ankle (plantar-flexion and dorsiflexion) in young men. Six cyclists, seven gymnasts, 10 soccer players and 25 non-athletic young men were tested on the Cybex II+ dynamometer. Peak torque, torque acceleration energy (TAE), total work and average power... |
8044487 | Should an athlete eat straight after training?--A study of intestinal transit time and its relationship to prior exercise. | The mouth-to-caecum transit time of food was measured using the rise in breath hydrogen after a standard breakfast of baked beans on two occasions in seven healthy volunteers. The first occasion was after resting and the second after moderate exercise on a bicycle ergometer. There was no significant difference between ... |
8044486 | Comparison of effects of two interval-training programmes on lactate and ventilatory thresholds. | Twenty-one women subjects were matched in terms of their Vo2max and assigned to one of two groups: (1) training at 30 s; or (2) 2 min with a 1:1 work: relief ratio (1:1 WR) before participating in a 7-week training programme which began at an intensity of 85% Vo2max and increased 5% every two weeks (90% and 95% Vo2max)... |
8044485 | Paralympics--Barcelona 1992. | The British Team at the 9th Paralympic Games in September 1992 in Barcelona comprised 151 men and 54 women athletes in a total of 15 sports. They were supported by a staff of 86 including a 12-strong medical team. The athletes were selected from the National Championships of the five disability organizations: British W... |
8044484 | Cost containment through reducing pressure ulcers. | The cost of pressure ulcer prevention is significantly less than treatment. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was formed recently to develop clinical practice guidelines for healthcare professionals. This article discusses methods in which nurse managers can implement the guideline: "Pressure Ulcers in Adu... |
8044483 | Databook: monitoring a critical care unit. | DataBook is a computer application developed to assist the nurse manager in collecting, assessing and monitoring unit data on a day-to-day and summary basis. Once captured, this information can then be presented to create "information snapshots" of unit characteristics. Utilizing a PC-based spreadsheet program, the app... |
8044482 | Improving communication ..."over the sink". | Conventional communication techniques--hospital newsletters, meetings and inservices--are not always the most successful methods. To accommodate the hectic schedules of OR personnel, short, one-page information briefs are placed at convenient locations--the scrub sinks. Within five minutes, pertinent information is com... |