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return self._system.stat( path=self._path, client_kwargs=self._client_kwargs, header=self._header)
def stat(self, follow_symlinks=True)
Return a stat_result object for this entry. The result is cached on the os.DirEntry object. Args: follow_symlinks (bool): Follow symlinks. Not supported on cloud storage objects. Returns: os.stat_result: Stat result object
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if self._writable and not self._closed: self._closed = True with self._seek_lock: self._flush_raw_or_buffered() if self._seek: with handle_os_exceptions(): self._close_writable()
def close(self)
Flush the write buffers of the stream if applicable and close the object.
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if self._writable: with self._seek_lock: self._flush_raw_or_buffered() # Clear the buffer self._write_buffer = bytearray(self._buffer_size) self._buffer_seek = 0
def flush(self)
Flush the write buffers of the stream if applicable.
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# Flush only if bytes written # This avoid no required process/thread # creation and network call. # This step is performed by raw stream. if self._buffer_seek and self._seek: self._seek += 1 with handle_os_exceptions(): self._flus...
def _flush_raw_or_buffered(self)
Flush using raw of buffered methods.
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if not self._readable: raise UnsupportedOperation('read') with self._seek_lock: self._raw.seek(self._seek) return self._raw._peek(size)
def peek(self, size=-1)
Return bytes from the stream without advancing the position. Args: size (int): Number of bytes to read. -1 to read the full stream. Returns: bytes: bytes read
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queue = self._read_queue size = self._buffer_size start = self._seek end = int(start + size * self._max_buffers) workers_submit = self._workers.submit indexes = tuple(range(start, end, size)) # Drops buffer out of current range for seek in tuple(...
def _preload_range(self)
Preload data for reading
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if not self._readable: raise UnsupportedOperation('read') # Checks if EOF if self._seek == self._size: return b'' # Returns existing buffer with no copy if size == self._buffer_size: queue_index = self._seek # Starts ini...
def read(self, size=-1)
Read and return up to size bytes, with at most one call to the underlying raw stream’s. Use at most one call to the underlying raw stream’s read method. Args: size (int): Number of bytes to read. -1 to read the stream until end. Returns: bytes: ...
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if not self._readable: raise UnsupportedOperation('read') with self._seek_lock: # Gets seek seek = self._seek # Initializes queue queue = self._read_queue if seek == 0: # Starts initial preloading on first...
def readinto(self, b)
Read bytes into a pre-allocated, writable bytes-like object b, and return the number of bytes read. Args: b (bytes-like object): buffer. Returns: int: number of bytes read
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if not self._seekable: raise UnsupportedOperation('seek') # Only read mode is seekable with self._seek_lock: # Set seek using raw method and # sync buffered seek with raw seek self.raw.seek(offset, whence) self._seek = seek = ...
def seek(self, offset, whence=SEEK_SET)
Change the stream position to the given byte offset. Args: offset: Offset is interpreted relative to the position indicated by whence. whence: The default value for whence is SEEK_SET. Values for whence are: SEEK_SET or 0 – start of the st...
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if not self._writable: raise UnsupportedOperation('write') size = len(b) b_view = memoryview(b) size_left = size buffer_size = self._buffer_size max_buffers = self._max_buffers with self._seek_lock: end = self._buffer_seek ...
def write(self, b)
Write the given bytes-like object, b, to the underlying raw stream, and return the number of bytes written. Args: b (bytes-like object): Bytes to write. Returns: int: The number of bytes written.
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return QRCode(content, error, version, mode, encoding)
def create(content, error='H', version=None, mode=None, encoding=None)
When creating a QR code only the content to be encoded is required, all the other properties of the code will be guessed based on the contents given. This function will return a :class:`QRCode` object. Unless you are familiar with QR code's inner workings it is recommended that you just specify the *co...
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def two_bytes(c): def next_byte(b): if not isinstance(b, int): return ord(b) else: return b #Go through the data by looping to every other character for i in range(...
def _detect_content_type(self, content, encoding)
This method tries to auto-detect the type of the data. It first tries to see if the data is a valid integer, in which case it returns numeric. Next, it tests the data to see if it is 'alphanumeric.' QR Codes use a special table with very limited range of ASCII characters. The code's data...
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import math for version in range(1, 41): #Get the maximum possible capacity capacity = tables.data_capacity[version][self.error][self.mode_num] #Check the capacity #Kanji's count in the table is "characters" which are two byt...
def _pick_best_fit(self, content)
This method return the smallest possible QR code version number that will fit the specified data with the given error level.
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import os import time import tempfile import webbrowser try: # Python 2 from urlparse import urljoin from urllib import pathname2url except ImportError: # Python 3 from urllib.parse import urljoin from urllib.re...
def show(self, wait=1.2, scale=10, module_color=(0, 0, 0, 255), background=(255, 255, 255, 255), quiet_zone=4)
Displays this QR code. This method is mainly intended for debugging purposes. This method saves the output of the :py:meth:`png` method (with a default scaling factor of 10) to a temporary file and opens it with the standard PNG viewer application or within the standard webbrowser. The...
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return builder._get_png_size(self.version, scale, quiet_zone)
def get_png_size(self, scale=1, quiet_zone=4)
This is method helps users determine what *scale* to use when creating a PNG of this QR code. It is meant mostly to be used in the console to help the user determine the pixel size of the code using various scales. This method will return an integer representing the width and height of ...
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builder._png(self.code, self.version, file, scale, module_color, background, quiet_zone)
def png(self, file, scale=1, module_color=(0, 0, 0, 255), background=(255, 255, 255, 255), quiet_zone=4)
This method writes the QR code out as an PNG image. The resulting PNG has a bit depth of 1. The file parameter is used to specify where to write the image to. It can either be an writable stream or a file path. .. note:: This method depends on the pypng module to actually cr...
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import io import base64 with io.BytesIO() as virtual_file: self.png(file=virtual_file, scale=scale, module_color=module_color, background=background, quiet_zone=quiet_zone) image_as_str = base64.b64encode(virtual_file.getvalue()).dec...
def png_as_base64_str(self, scale=1, module_color=(0, 0, 0, 255), background=(255, 255, 255, 255), quiet_zone=4)
This method uses the png render and returns the PNG image encoded as base64 string. This can be useful for creating dynamic PNG images for web development, since no file needs to be created. Example: >>> code = pyqrcode.create('Are you suggesting coconuts migrate?') ...
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return builder._xbm(self.code, scale, quiet_zone)
def xbm(self, scale=1, quiet_zone=4)
Returns a string representing an XBM image of the QR code. The XBM format is a black and white image format that looks like a C header file. Because displaying QR codes in Tkinter is the primary use case for this renderer, this method does not take a file parameter. Ins...
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builder._svg(self.code, self.version, file, scale=scale, module_color=module_color, background=background, quiet_zone=quiet_zone, xmldecl=xmldecl, svgns=svgns, title=title, svgclass=svgclass, lineclass=lineclass, omit...
def svg(self, file, scale=1, module_color='#000', background=None, quiet_zone=4, xmldecl=True, svgns=True, title=None, svgclass='pyqrcode', lineclass='pyqrline', omithw=False, debug=False)
This method writes the QR code out as an SVG document. The code is drawn by drawing only the modules corresponding to a 1. They are drawn using a line, such that contiguous modules in a row are drawn with a single line. The *file* parameter is used to specify where to write the document...
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builder._eps(self.code, self.version, file, scale, module_color, background, quiet_zone)
def eps(self, file, scale=1, module_color=(0, 0, 0), background=None, quiet_zone=4)
This method writes the QR code out as an EPS document. The code is drawn by only writing the data modules corresponding to a 1. They are drawn using a line, such that contiguous modules in a row are drawn with a single line. The *file* parameter is used to specify where to write the doc...
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return builder._terminal(self.code, module_color, background, quiet_zone)
def terminal(self, module_color='default', background='reverse', quiet_zone=4)
This method returns a string containing ASCII escape codes, such that if printed to a compatible terminal, it will display a vaild QR code. The code is printed using ASCII escape codes that alter the coloring of the background. The *module_color* parameter sets what color to use...
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is_stream = hasattr(stream_or_path, 'write') if not is_stream: # No stream provided, treat "stream_or_path" as path stream_or_path = open(stream_or_path, mode) return stream_or_path, not is_stream
def _get_writable(stream_or_path, mode)
This method returns a tuple containing the stream and a flag to indicate if the stream should be automatically closed. The `stream_or_path` parameter is returned if it is an open writable stream. Otherwise, it treats the `stream_or_path` parameter as a file path and opens it with the given mode. I...
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#Formula: scale times number of modules plus the border on each side return (int(scale) * tables.version_size[version]) + (2 * quiet_zone * int(scale))
def _get_png_size(version, scale, quiet_zone=4)
See: QRCode.get_png_size This function was abstracted away from QRCode to allow for the output of QR codes during the build process, i.e. for debugging. It works just the same except you must specify the code's version. This is needed to calculate the PNG's size.
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buf = io.StringIO() def draw_border(): for i in range(quiet_zone): buf.write(background) if module_color in tables.term_colors: data = '\033[{0}m \033[0m'.format( tables.term_colors[module_color]) elif 0 <= module_color <= 256: data = '\033[48;5;{0...
def _terminal(code, module_color='default', background='reverse', quiet_zone=4)
This method returns a string containing ASCII escape codes, such that if printed to a terminal, it will display a vaild QR code. The module_color and the background color should be keys in the tables.term_colors table for printing using the 8/16 color scheme. Alternatively, they can be a number between ...
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buf = io.StringIO() border_row = '0' * (len(code[0]) + (quiet_zone*2)) #Every QR code start with a quiet zone at the top for b in range(quiet_zone): buf.write(border_row) buf.write('\n') for row in code: #Draw the starting quiet zone for b in range(quiet_zone)...
def _text(code, quiet_zone=4)
This method returns a text based representation of the QR code. This is useful for debugging purposes.
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try: str = unicode # Python 2 except NameError: str = __builtins__['str'] buf = io.StringIO() # Calculate the width in pixels pixel_width = (len(code[0]) + quiet_zone * 2) * scale # Add the size information and open the pixel data section buf.write('#...
def _xbm(code, scale=1, quiet_zone=4)
This function will format the QR code as a X BitMap. This can be used to display the QR code with Tkinter.
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if color[0] == '#': color = color[1:] if len(color) == 3: color = color[0] * 2 + color[1] * 2 + color[2] * 2 if len(color) != 6: raise ValueError('Input #{0} is not in #RRGGBB format'.format(color)) return [int(n, 16) for n in (color[:2], color[2:4], color[4:])]
def _hex_to_rgb(color)
\ Helper function to convert a color provided in hexadecimal format as RGB triple.
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args = [iter(iterable)] * n if hasattr(itertools, 'zip_longest'): return itertools.zip_longest(*args, fillvalue=fillvalue) return itertools.izip_longest(*args, fillvalue=fillvalue)
def grouper(self, n, iterable, fillvalue=None)
This generator yields a set of tuples, where the iterable is broken into n sized chunks. If the iterable is not evenly sized then fillvalue will be appended to the last tuple to make up the difference. This function is copied from the standard docs on itertools.
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#The "data length" field varies by the type of code and its mode. #discover how long the "data length" field should be. if 1 <= self.version <= 9: max_version = 9 elif 10 <= self.version <= 26: max_version = 26 elif 27 <= self.version <= 40: ...
def get_data_length(self)
QR codes contain a "data length" field. This method creates this field. A binary string representing the appropriate length is returned.
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if self.mode == tables.modes['alphanumeric']: encoded = self.encode_alphanumeric() elif self.mode == tables.modes['numeric']: encoded = self.encode_numeric() elif self.mode == tables.modes['binary']: encoded = self.encode_bytes() elif self.mod...
def encode(self)
This method encodes the data into a binary string using the appropriate algorithm specified by the mode.
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#Convert the string to upper case self.data = self.data.upper() #Change the data such that it uses a QR code ascii table ascii = [] for char in self.data: if isinstance(char, int): ascii.append(tables.ascii_codes[chr(char)]) else:...
def encode_alphanumeric(self)
This method encodes the QR code's data if its mode is alphanumeric. It returns the data encoded as a binary string.
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with io.StringIO() as buf: #Break the number into groups of three digits for triplet in self.grouper(3, self.data): number = '' for digit in triplet: if isinstance(digit, int): digit = chr(digit) ...
def encode_numeric(self)
This method encodes the QR code's data if its mode is numeric. It returns the data encoded as a binary string.
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with io.StringIO() as buf: for char in self.data: if not isinstance(char, int): buf.write('{{0:0{0}b}}'.format(8).format(ord(char))) else: buf.write('{{0:0{0}b}}'.format(8).format(char)) return buf.getvalue(...
def encode_bytes(self)
This method encodes the QR code's data if its mode is 8 bit mode. It returns the data encoded as a binary string.
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def two_bytes(data): def next_byte(b): if not isinstance(b, int): return ord(b) else: return b #Go through the data by looping to every other character for i in ran...
def encode_kanji(self)
This method encodes the QR code's data if its mode is kanji. It returns the data encoded as a binary string.
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data_capacity = tables.data_capacity[self.version][self.error][0] if len(payload) > data_capacity: raise ValueError('The supplied data will not fit ' 'within this version of a QR code.') #We must add up to 4 zeros to make up for any shortfall i...
def terminate_bits(self, payload)
This method adds zeros to the end of the encoded data so that the encoded data is of the correct length. It returns a binary string containing the bits to be added.
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bits_short = 8 - (len(self.buffer.getvalue()) % 8) #The string already falls on an byte boundary do nothing if bits_short == 0 or bits_short == 8: return None else: return self.binary_string(0, bits_short)
def delimit_words(self)
This method takes the existing encoded binary string and returns a binary string that will pad it such that the encoded string contains only full bytes.
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data_blocks = len(self.buffer.getvalue()) // 8 total_blocks = tables.data_capacity[self.version][self.error][0] // 8 needed_blocks = total_blocks - data_blocks if needed_blocks == 0: return None #This will return item1, item2, item1, item2, etc. bl...
def add_words(self)
The data block must fill the entire data capacity of the QR code. If we fall short, then we must add bytes to the end of the encoded data field. The value of these bytes are specified in the standard.
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#Get the error information from the standards table error_info = tables.eccwbi[self.version][self.error] #This is the number of 8-bit words per block if block_number < error_info[1]: code_words_per_block = error_info[2] else: code_words_per_block...
def make_error_block(self, block, block_number)
This function constructs the error correction block of the given data block. This is *very complicated* process. To understand the code you need to read: * http://www.thonky.com/qr-code-tutorial/part-2-error-correction/ * http://www.matchadesign.com/blog/qr-code-demystified-part-4/
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from copy import deepcopy #Get the size of the underlying matrix matrix_size = tables.version_size[self.version] #Create a template matrix we will build the codes with row = [' ' for x in range(matrix_size)] template = [deepcopy(row) for x in range(matrix_size)...
def make_code(self)
This method returns the best possible QR code.
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#Draw outer black box for i in range(7): inv = -(i+1) for j in [0,6,-1,-7]: m[j][i] = 1 m[i][j] = 1 m[inv][j] = 1 m[j][inv] = 1 #Draw inner white box for i in range(1, 6): inv =...
def add_detection_pattern(self, m)
This method add the detection patterns to the QR code. This lets the scanner orient the pattern. It is required for all QR codes. The detection pattern consists of three boxes located at the upper left, upper right, and lower left corners of the matrix. Also, two special lines called the...
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#Version 1 does not have a position adjustment pattern if self.version == 1: return #Get the coordinates for where to place the boxes coordinates = tables.position_adjustment[self.version] #Get the max and min coordinates to handle special cases min...
def add_position_pattern(self, m)
This method draws the position adjustment patterns onto the QR Code. All QR code versions larger than one require these special boxes called position adjustment patterns.
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if self.version < 7: return #Get the bit fields for this code's version #We will iterate across the string, the bit string #needs the least significant digit in the zero-th position field = iter(tables.version_pattern[self.version][::-1]) #Where to ...
def add_version_pattern(self, m)
For QR codes with a version 7 or higher, a special pattern specifying the code's version is required. For further information see: http://www.thonky.com/qr-code-tutorial/format-version-information/#example-of-version-7-information-string
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from copy import deepcopy nmasks = len(tables.mask_patterns) masks = [''] * nmasks count = 0 for n in range(nmasks): cur_mask = deepcopy(template) masks[n] = cur_mask #Add the type pattern bits to the code self.add_type_...
def make_masks(self, template)
This method generates all seven masks so that the best mask can be determined. The template parameter is a code matrix that will server as the base for all the generated masks.
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field = iter(type_bits) for i in range(7): bit = int(next(field)) #Skip the timing bits if i < 6: m[8][i] = bit else: m[8][i+1] = bit if -8 < -(i+1): m[-(i+1)][8] = bit for i i...
def add_type_pattern(self, m, type_bits)
This will add the pattern to the QR code that represents the error level and the type of mask used to make the code.
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pulls = [] issues = [] for i in all_issues: if is_pull_request(i): pull = get_pull_request(project, i['number'], auth=True) pulls.append(pull) else: issues.append(i) return issues, pulls
def split_pulls(all_issues, project="arokem/python-matlab-bridge")
split a list of closed issues into non-PR Issues and Pull Requests
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which = 'pulls' if pulls else 'issues' if isinstance(period, timedelta): since = round_hour(datetime.utcnow() - period) else: since = period url = "https://api.github.com/repos/%s/%s?state=closed&sort=updated&since=%s&per_page=%i" % (project, which, since.strftime(ISO8601), PER_PA...
def issues_closed_since(period=timedelta(days=365), project="arokem/python-matlab-bridge", pulls=False)
Get all issues closed since a particular point in time. period can either be a datetime object, or a timedelta object. In the latter case, it is used as a time before the present.
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return sorted(issues, key = lambda i:i[field], reverse=reverse)
def sorted_by_field(issues, field='closed_at', reverse=False)
Return a list of issues sorted by closing date date.
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# titles may have unicode in them, so we must encode everything below if show_urls: for i in issues: print(u'#%d: %s' % (i['number'], i['title'].replace(u'`', u'``'))) else: for i in issues: print(u'* %d: %s' % (i['number'], ...
def report(issues, show_urls=False)
Summary report about a list of issues, printing number and title.
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shape = obj.shape if len(shape) == 1: shape = (1, obj.shape[0]) if obj.flags.c_contiguous: obj = obj.T elif not obj.flags.f_contiguous: obj = asfortranarray(obj.T) else: obj = obj.T try: data = obj.astype(float64).tobytes() except AttributeError: ...
def encode_ndarray(obj)
Write a numpy array and its shape to base64 buffers
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data = data.encode('utf-8') return frombuffer(base64.b64decode(data), float64)
def decode_arr(data)
Extract a numpy array from a base64 buffer
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if not self.started: raise ValueError('Session not started, use start()') nargout = kwargs.pop('nargout', 1) func_args += tuple(item for pair in zip(kwargs.keys(), kwargs.values()) for item in pair) dname = os.path.dirname(func_path) ...
def run_func(self, func_path, *func_args, **kwargs)
Run a function in Matlab and return the result. Parameters ---------- func_path: str Name of function to run or a path to an m-file. func_args: object, optional Function args to send to the function. nargout: int, optional Desired number of re...
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# TODO: This does not work if the function is a mex function inside a folder of the same name exists = self.run_func('exist', name)['result'] in [2, 3, 5] if not unconditionally and not exists: raise AttributeError("'Matlab' object has no attribute '%s'" % name) # c...
def _bind_method(self, name, unconditionally=False)
Generate a Matlab function and bind it to the instance This is where the magic happens. When an unknown attribute of the Matlab class is requested, it is assumed to be a call to a Matlab function, and is generated and bound to the instance. This works because getattr() falls back to __...
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if line.startswith('%%'): md = True new_cell = True source = line.split('%%')[1] + '\n' # line-breaks in md require a line # gap! elif line.startswith('%'): md = True new_cell = False source = line.split('%')[1] ...
def format_line(line)
Format a line of Matlab into either a markdown line or a code line. Parameters ---------- line : str The line of code to be formatted. Formatting occurs according to the following rules: - If the line starts with (at least) two %% signs, a new cell will be started. ...
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source = [] md = np.empty(len(lines), dtype=object) new_cell = np.empty(len(lines), dtype=object) for idx, l in enumerate(lines): new_cell[idx], md[idx], this_source = format_line(l) # Transitions between markdown and code and vice-versa merit a new # cell, even if no newlin...
def lines_to_notebook(lines, name=None)
Convert the lines of an m file into an IPython notebook Parameters ---------- lines : list A list of strings. Each element is a line in the m file Returns ------- notebook : an IPython NotebookNode class instance, containing the information required to create a file
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lines = mfile_to_lines(mfile) nb = lines_to_notebook(lines) if outfile is None: outfile = mfile.split('.m')[0] + '.ipynb' with open(outfile, 'w') as fid: nbwrite(nb, fid)
def convert_mfile(mfile, outfile=None)
Convert a Matlab m-file into a Matlab notebook in ipynb format Parameters ---------- mfile : string Full path to a matlab m file to convert outfile : string (optional) Full path to the output ipynb file
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global _loaded if not _loaded: ip.register_magics(MatlabMagics(ip, **kwargs)) _loaded = True
def load_ipython_extension(ip, **kwargs)
Load the extension in IPython.
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post_data = json.dumps({ "description": description, "public": True, "files": { filename: { "content": content } } }).encode('utf-8') headers = make_auth_header() if auth else {} response = requests.post("https://api.github.com/gists", data=post_da...
def post_gist(content, description='', filename='file', auth=False)
Post some text to a Gist, and return the URL.
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url = "https://api.github.com/repos/{project}/pulls/{num}".format(project=project, num=num) if auth: header = make_auth_header() else: header = None response = requests.get(url, headers=header) response.raise_for_status() return json.loads(response.text, object_hook=Obj)
def get_pull_request(project, num, auth=False)
get pull request info by number
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url = "https://api.github.com/repos/{project}/pulls/{num}/files".format(project=project, num=num) if auth: header = make_auth_header() else: header = None return get_paged_request(url, headers=header)
def get_pull_request_files(project, num, auth=False)
get list of files in a pull request
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results = [] params.setdefault("per_page", 100) while True: if '?' in url: params = None print("fetching %s" % url, file=sys.stderr) else: print("fetching %s with %s" % (url, params), file=sys.stderr) response = requests.get(url, headers=heade...
def get_paged_request(url, headers=None, **params)
get a full list, handling APIv3's paging
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params.setdefault("state", "closed") url = "https://api.github.com/repos/{project}/pulls".format(project=project) if auth: headers = make_auth_header() else: headers = None pages = get_paged_request(url, headers=headers, **params) return pages
def get_pulls_list(project, auth=False, **params)
get pull request list
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# copy requests imports in here: from io import BytesIO from requests.packages.urllib3.filepost import ( choose_boundary, six, writer, b, get_content_type ) body = BytesIO() if boundary is None: boundary = choose_boundary() for fieldname, value in iter_fields(fields): ...
def encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None)
Encode a dictionary of ``fields`` using the multipart/form-data mime format. :param fields: Dictionary of fields or list of (key, value) field tuples. The key is treated as the field name, and the value as the body of the form-data bytes. If the value is a tuple of two elements, then the f...
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if name is None: name = os.path.basename(filename) with open(filename, 'rb') as f: filedata = f.read() url = "https://api.github.com/repos/{project}/downloads".format(project=project) payload = json.dumps(dict(name=name, size=len(filedata), description=descript...
def post_download(project, filename, name=None, description="")
Upload a file to the GitHub downloads area
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# follow symlinks, fpath = os.path.realpath(path) # return False for non-files (directories, fifo, etc.) if not os.path.isfile(fpath): return False # On Solaris, etc., "If the process has appropriate privileges, an # implementation may indicate success for X_OK even if none of the...
def is_executable_file(path)
Checks that path is an executable regular file (or a symlink to a file). This is roughly ``os.path isfile(path) and os.access(path, os.X_OK)``, but on some platforms :func:`os.access` gives us the wrong answer, so this checks permission bits directly. Note ---- This function is taken from the ...
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'''This takes a given filename; tries to find it in the environment path; then checks if it is executable. This returns the full path to the filename if found and executable. Otherwise this returns None. Note ---- This function is taken from the pexpect module, see module doc-string for lic...
def which(filename)
This takes a given filename; tries to find it in the environment path; then checks if it is executable. This returns the full path to the filename if found and executable. Otherwise this returns None. Note ---- This function is taken from the pexpect module, see module doc-string for license.
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cfg = get_config() # To deal with spaces, remove quotes now, and add # to the full commands themselves. if 'matlab_bin' in cfg and cfg['matlab_bin'] != '.': matlab_bin = cfg['matlab_bin'].strip('"') else: # attempt to autodetect MATLAB filepath matlab_bin = which_matlab() ...
def build_matlab(static=False)
build the messenger mex for MATLAB static : bool Determines if the zmq library has been statically linked. If so, it will append the command line option -DZMQ_STATIC when compiling the mex so it matches libzmq.
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def add_method(function, klass, name=None): '''Add an existing function to a class as a method. Note: Consider using the extend decorator as a more readable alternative to using this function directly. Args: function: The function to be added to the class klass. klass: Th...
Add an existing function to a class as a method. Note: Consider using the extend decorator as a more readable alternative to using this function directly. Args: function: The function to be added to the class klass. klass: The class to which the new method will be added. ...
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def extend(klass, name=None): '''A function decorator for extending an existing class. Use as a decorator for functions to add to an existing class. Args: klass: The class to be decorated. name: The name the new method is to be given in the klass class. Returns: A ...
A function decorator for extending an existing class. Use as a decorator for functions to add to an existing class. Args: klass: The class to be decorated. name: The name the new method is to be given in the klass class. Returns: A decorator function which accepts a sin...
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'''Transforms each element of a sequence into a new form. Each element of the source is transformed through a selector function to produce a corresponding element in teh result sequence. If the selector is identity the method will return self. Note: This method uses deferred e...
def select( self, selector)
Transforms each element of a sequence into a new form. Each element of the source is transformed through a selector function to produce a corresponding element in teh result sequence. If the selector is identity the method will return self. Note: This method uses deferred execution. ...
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'''Transforms each element of a sequence into a new form, incorporating the index of the element. Each element is transformed through a selector function which accepts the element value and its zero-based index in the source sequence. The generated sequence is lazily evaluated. ...
def select_with_index( self, selector=IndexedElement, transform=identity)
Transforms each element of a sequence into a new form, incorporating the index of the element. Each element is transformed through a selector function which accepts the element value and its zero-based index in the source sequence. The generated sequence is lazily evaluated. No...
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'''Apply a callable to each element in an input sequence, generating a new sequence of 2-tuples where the first element is the input value and the second is the transformed input value. The generated sequence is lazily evaluated. Note: This method uses deferred execution. ...
def select_with_correspondence( self, selector, result_selector=KeyedElement)
Apply a callable to each element in an input sequence, generating a new sequence of 2-tuples where the first element is the input value and the second is the transformed input value. The generated sequence is lazily evaluated. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: ...
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'''Projects each element of a sequence to an intermediate new sequence, flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence and optionally transforms the flattened sequence using a selector function. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: collection_selecto...
def select_many( self, collection_selector=identity, result_selector=identity)
Projects each element of a sequence to an intermediate new sequence, flattens the resulting sequences into one sequence and optionally transforms the flattened sequence using a selector function. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: collection_selector: A unary ...
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1.547628
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'''Projects each element of a sequence to an intermediate new sequence, incorporating the index of the element, flattens the resulting sequence into one sequence and optionally transforms the flattened sequence using a selector function. Note: This method uses deferred execution...
def select_many_with_index( self, collection_selector=IndexedElement, result_selector=lambda source_element, collection_element: collection_element)
Projects each element of a sequence to an intermediate new sequence, incorporating the index of the element, flattens the resulting sequence into one sequence and optionally transforms the flattened sequence using a selector function. Note: This method uses deferred execution. ...
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'''Projects each element of a sequence to an intermediate new sequence, and flattens the resulting sequence, into one sequence and uses a selector function to incorporate the corresponding source for each item in the result sequence. Note: This method uses deferred execution. ...
def select_many_with_correspondence( self, collection_selector=identity, result_selector=KeyedElement)
Projects each element of a sequence to an intermediate new sequence, and flattens the resulting sequence, into one sequence and uses a selector function to incorporate the corresponding source for each item in the result sequence. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args...
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'''Groups the elements according to the value of a key extracted by a selector function. Note: This method has different behaviour to itertools.groupby in the Python standard library because it aggregates all items with the same key, rather than returning groups of conse...
def group_by(self, key_selector=identity, element_selector=identity, result_selector=lambda key, grouping: grouping)
Groups the elements according to the value of a key extracted by a selector function. Note: This method has different behaviour to itertools.groupby in the Python standard library because it aggregates all items with the same key, rather than returning groups of consecutive item...
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'''Filters elements according to whether they match a predicate. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: predicate: A unary function which is applied to each element in the source sequence. Source elements for which the predicate returns Tru...
def where(self, predicate)
Filters elements according to whether they match a predicate. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: predicate: A unary function which is applied to each element in the source sequence. Source elements for which the predicate returns True will be p...
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'''Filters elements according to whether they are of a certain type. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: classinfo: If classinfo is neither a class object nor a type object it may be a tuple of class or type objects, or may recursively c...
def of_type(self, classinfo)
Filters elements according to whether they are of a certain type. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: classinfo: If classinfo is neither a class object nor a type object it may be a tuple of class or type objects, or may recursively contain othe...
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'''Sorts by a key in ascending order. Introduces a primary sorting order to the sequence. Additional sort criteria should be specified by subsequent calls to then_by() and then_by_descending(). Calling order_by() or order_by_descending() on the results of a call to order_by() w...
def order_by(self, key_selector=identity)
Sorts by a key in ascending order. Introduces a primary sorting order to the sequence. Additional sort criteria should be specified by subsequent calls to then_by() and then_by_descending(). Calling order_by() or order_by_descending() on the results of a call to order_by() will introdu...
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'''Returns a specified number of elements from the start of a sequence. If the source sequence contains fewer elements than requested only the available elements will be returned and no exception will be raised. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: coun...
def take(self, count=1)
Returns a specified number of elements from the start of a sequence. If the source sequence contains fewer elements than requested only the available elements will be returned and no exception will be raised. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: count: An optio...
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'''Returns elements from the start while the predicate is True. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: predicate: A function returning True or False with which elements will be tested. Returns: A Queryable over the elements from the be...
def take_while(self, predicate)
Returns elements from the start while the predicate is True. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: predicate: A function returning True or False with which elements will be tested. Returns: A Queryable over the elements from the beginning of ...
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'''Skip the first count contiguous elements of the source sequence. If the source sequence contains fewer than count elements returns an empty sequence and does not raise an exception. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: count: The number of elements t...
def skip(self, count=1)
Skip the first count contiguous elements of the source sequence. If the source sequence contains fewer than count elements returns an empty sequence and does not raise an exception. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: count: The number of elements to skip from...
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'''Omit elements from the start for which a predicate is True. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: predicate: A single argument predicate function. Returns: A Queryable over the sequence of elements beginning with the first element for ...
def skip_while(self, predicate)
Omit elements from the start for which a predicate is True. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: predicate: A single argument predicate function. Returns: A Queryable over the sequence of elements beginning with the first element for which the p...
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'''Concatenates two sequences. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: second_iterable: The sequence to concatenate on to the sequence. Returns: A Queryable over the concatenated sequences. Raises: ValueError: If the Queryable is c...
def concat(self, second_iterable)
Concatenates two sequences. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: second_iterable: The sequence to concatenate on to the sequence. Returns: A Queryable over the concatenated sequences. Raises: ValueError: If the Queryable is closed(). ...
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'''Returns the sequence reversed. Note: This method uses deferred execution, but the whole source sequence is consumed once execution commences. Returns: The source sequence in reverse order. Raises: ValueError: If the Queryable is closed(). ...
def reverse(self)
Returns the sequence reversed. Note: This method uses deferred execution, but the whole source sequence is consumed once execution commences. Returns: The source sequence in reverse order. Raises: ValueError: If the Queryable is closed().
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'''Return the element at ordinal index. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: index: The index of the element to be returned. Returns: The element at ordinal index in the source sequence. Raises: ValueError: If the Queryable is ...
def element_at(self, index)
Return the element at ordinal index. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: index: The index of the element to be returned. Returns: The element at ordinal index in the source sequence. Raises: ValueError: If the Queryable is closed(). ...
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'''Return the number of elements (which match an optional predicate). Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: predicate: An optional unary predicate function used to identify elements which will be counted. The single positional argument of...
def count(self, predicate=None)
Return the number of elements (which match an optional predicate). Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: predicate: An optional unary predicate function used to identify elements which will be counted. The single positional argument of the functi...
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'''Determine if the source sequence contains any elements which satisfy the predicate. Only enough of the sequence to satisfy the predicate once is consumed. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: predicate: An optional single argument function used to t...
def any(self, predicate=None)
Determine if the source sequence contains any elements which satisfy the predicate. Only enough of the sequence to satisfy the predicate once is consumed. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: predicate: An optional single argument function used to test each ...
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1.890429
2.555466
'''Determine if all elements in the source sequence satisfy a condition. All of the source sequence will be consumed. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: predicate (callable): An optional single argument function used to test each elements. If...
def all(self, predicate=bool)
Determine if all elements in the source sequence satisfy a condition. All of the source sequence will be consumed. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: predicate (callable): An optional single argument function used to test each elements. If omitted, t...
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1.875025
3.090762
'''Return the arithmetic sum of the values in the sequence.. All of the source sequence will be consumed. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: selector: An optional single argument function which will be used to project the elements of the sequ...
def sum(self, selector=identity)
Return the arithmetic sum of the values in the sequence.. All of the source sequence will be consumed. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: selector: An optional single argument function which will be used to project the elements of the sequence. If om...
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2.028883
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'''Return the arithmetic mean of the values in the sequence.. All of the source sequence will be consumed. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: selector: An optional single argument function which will be used to project the elements of the seq...
def average(self, selector=identity)
Return the arithmetic mean of the values in the sequence.. All of the source sequence will be consumed. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: selector: An optional single argument function which will be used to project the elements of the sequence. If o...
4.603804
1.933543
2.38102
'''Determines whether the sequence contains a particular value. Execution is immediate. Depending on the type of the sequence, all or none of the sequence may be consumed by this operation. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: value: The value to test ...
def contains(self, value, equality_comparer=operator.eq)
Determines whether the sequence contains a particular value. Execution is immediate. Depending on the type of the sequence, all or none of the sequence may be consumed by this operation. Note: This method uses immediate execution. Args: value: The value to test for members...
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2.146589
2.171614
'''If the source sequence is empty return a single element sequence containing the supplied default value, otherwise return the source sequence unchanged. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: default: The element to be returned if the source sequence is ...
def default_if_empty(self, default)
If the source sequence is empty return a single element sequence containing the supplied default value, otherwise return the source sequence unchanged. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: default: The element to be returned if the source sequence is empty. ...
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1.945642
2.666086
'''Eliminate duplicate elements from a sequence. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: selector: An optional single argument function the result of which is the value compared for uniqueness against elements already consumed. If omitted, t...
def distinct(self, selector=identity)
Eliminate duplicate elements from a sequence. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: selector: An optional single argument function the result of which is the value compared for uniqueness against elements already consumed. If omitted, the element ...
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2.059947
3.164107
'''Returns those elements which are in the source sequence which are not in the second_iterable. This method is equivalent to the Except() LINQ operator, renamed to a valid Python identifier. Note: This method uses deferred execution, but as soon as execution commen...
def difference(self, second_iterable, selector=identity)
Returns those elements which are in the source sequence which are not in the second_iterable. This method is equivalent to the Except() LINQ operator, renamed to a valid Python identifier. Note: This method uses deferred execution, but as soon as execution commences the ent...
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1.83754
3.503019
'''Returns those elements which are both in the source sequence and in the second_iterable. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: second_iterable: Elements are returned if they are also in the sequence. selector: An optional single ar...
def intersect(self, second_iterable, selector=identity)
Returns those elements which are both in the source sequence and in the second_iterable. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: second_iterable: Elements are returned if they are also in the sequence. selector: An optional single argument func...
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2.088106
2.330698
'''Returns those elements which are either in the source sequence or in the second_iterable, or in both. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: second_iterable: Elements from this sequence are returns if they are not also in the source sequence. ...
def union(self, second_iterable, selector=identity)
Returns those elements which are either in the source sequence or in the second_iterable, or in both. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: second_iterable: Elements from this sequence are returns if they are not also in the source sequence. ...
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1.906989
2.754833
'''Perform an inner join with a second sequence using selected keys. The order of elements from outer is maintained. For each of these the order of elements from inner is also preserved. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: inner_iterable: The sequence ...
def join(self, inner_iterable, outer_key_selector=identity, inner_key_selector=identity, result_selector=lambda outer, inner: (outer, inner))
Perform an inner join with a second sequence using selected keys. The order of elements from outer is maintained. For each of these the order of elements from inner is also preserved. Note: This method uses deferred execution. Args: inner_iterable: The sequence to join wit...
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1.450034
2.00957
'''The first element in a sequence (optionally satisfying a predicate). If the predicate is omitted or is None this query returns the first element in the sequence; otherwise, it returns the first element in the sequence for which the predicate evaluates to True. Exceptions are ...
def first(self, predicate=None)
The first element in a sequence (optionally satisfying a predicate). If the predicate is omitted or is None this query returns the first element in the sequence; otherwise, it returns the first element in the sequence for which the predicate evaluates to True. Exceptions are raised if t...
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1.399837
3.056579
'''The first element (optionally satisfying a predicate) or a default. If the predicate is omitted or is None this query returns the first element in the sequence; otherwise, it returns the first element in the sequence for which the predicate evaluates to True. If there is no s...
def first_or_default(self, default, predicate=None)
The first element (optionally satisfying a predicate) or a default. If the predicate is omitted or is None this query returns the first element in the sequence; otherwise, it returns the first element in the sequence for which the predicate evaluates to True. If there is no such element...
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1.393608
2.874746
'''The only element (which satisfies a condition). If the predicate is omitted or is None this query returns the only element in the sequence; otherwise, it returns the only element in the sequence for which the predicate evaluates to True. Exceptions are raised if there is eith...
def single(self, predicate=None)
The only element (which satisfies a condition). If the predicate is omitted or is None this query returns the only element in the sequence; otherwise, it returns the only element in the sequence for which the predicate evaluates to True. Exceptions are raised if there is either no such ...
5.215819
1.381148
3.776436