text stringlengths 3 7.38M | source_data stringclasses 5 values | info stringlengths 83 12.5k |
|---|---|---|
Introduction
============
Asthma is an airway disease of inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Genetics and environmental factors combine to produce different asthma phenotypes and various responses to controller medications. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) updated in 2016[@b1-dddt-10-4047] is an ongoing international effort to provide a unified approach to the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. [Table 1](#t1-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"} summarizes the GINA general treatment approach to asthma that uses a stepwise function based on the severity of asthma symptoms. The table shows that inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) play a major role as maintenance or preventative treatments in this stepwise approach to asthma. [Table 2](#t2-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"} summarizes the currently available and approved handheld inhalers by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and several others not available in the USA. Fluticasone furoate (FF) is a potent corticosteroid that is dosed once daily due to its long half-life when inhaled. It was approved by the FDA as a once-daily ICS for the maintenance treatment of asthma as a dry powder inhaler (DPI) in August 2014 with the brand name Arnuity™ Ellipta^®^ (GSK, USA).[@b2-dddt-10-4047]
Controversy exists as to the role of long-acting beta~2~ agonists (LABAs) in the maintenance treatment of moderate to severe asthmatics. Early clinical trials of the LABA salmeterol (SAL) noted a nonstatistically significant increase in all-cause mortality in asthmatic patients treated over 16 weeks when compared to those using the short-acting beta~2~ agonist (SABA), albuterol.[@b3-dddt-10-4047] A large 2006 clinical trial of 26,355 asthmatics named the Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial (SMART) evaluated SAL by metered dose inhaler (MDI) compared to placebo MDI over 28 weeks.[@b4-dddt-10-4047] The use of ICS and leukotriene modifiers was equal in both groups (47% and 11%, respectively). The primary outcome included respiratory-related deaths or life-threatening events, and both were infrequent for the SAL group (50 patients) and placebo group (36 patients). This difference did not reach statistical significance (relative risk \[RR\] =1.40, 95% confidence interval \[CI\] =0.91--2.14). When secondary outcomes were explored, a small but significant increase in respiratory-related deaths was found in the SAL group (SAL 24 vs placebo 11; RR =2.16, 95% CI =1.06--4.41) along with specific asthma-related deaths (SAL 13 vs placebo 3; RR =4.37, 95% CI =1.25--15.4). The secondary outcome imbalances were largely related to the effects on the African-American subpopulation (20 SAL vs 5 placebo; RR =4.92, 95% CI =1.54--10.90).[@b4-dddt-10-4047] This study and a few others resulted in the FDA requiring a "black box" warning for all inhaled LABA agents based on the "risk" of their use in asthma.
Recent studies have called into question if there is an increase in risk to asthmatic patients treated with a combination ICS/LABA inhaler. In 2016, Peters et al[@b5-dddt-10-4047] studied 11,693 adult and adolescent asthmatic patients ≥12 years of age for 26 weeks. They were randomized to the ICS budesonide alone or a fixed-dose combination of budesonide and the LABA formoterol given twice daily by MDI. The budesonide/formoterol (BUD/F) combination was found to be noninferior to budesonide alone with 43 patients having a serious asthma-related event in the BUD/F group and 40 patients in the budesonide-alone-treated group (hazard ratio \[HR\] =1.07, 95% CI =0.70--1.65). The risk of an asthma exacerbation was 16.5% lower in the BUD/F-treated group compared to the budesonide-alone-treated group (HR =0.84, 95% CI =0.74--0.94).[@b5-dddt-10-4047] A similarly designed study in 11,679 asthmatic patients ≥12 years of age treated for 26 weeks also found that the combined fixed-dose fluticasone propionate (FP)/SAL did not have a significantly higher risk of serious asthma-related events and did have a 21% reduction in severe asthma exacerbations than those treated with fluticasone alone.[@b6-dddt-10-4047] Similarly, when a fixed combination inhaler of SAL and FP was compared to inhaled FP alone in 6,208 asthmatic children aged 4--11 years, non-inferiority for serious asthma-related events was seen (HR =1.28, 95% CI =0.73--2.27).[@b7-dddt-10-4047] These and other data suggest that the combination of an ICS with LABA is a safe and an effective treatment for asthma. Furthermore, the use of both an ICS and a LABA is an integral part of the GINA guidelines ([Table 1](#t1-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"}) for the asthma patient at the step 3--step 5 levels.[@b1-dddt-10-4047] [Table 2](#t2-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"} summarizes the multiple handheld inhalers available in the USA. At this time, LABA monotherapy without the simultaneous use of an ICS is still discouraged and has recently been described as "medical negligence" in children with asthma.[@b8-dddt-10-4047]
The fixed combination of FF (100 or 200 μg) combined with the LABA vilanterol trifenatate (VI; 25 μg) was approved in the USA in May 2013 for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as the once-daily DPI Breo Ellipta^®^ (GSK, USA). The same year, the same combination of drugs, doses and delivery system (Relvar Ellipta^®^; GSK, UK) was approved in Japan and the European Union for the treatment of asthma.[@b9-dddt-10-4047] Breo Ellipta (FF \[100 or 200 μg\]/VI \[25 μg\]) was approved by the FDA for the maintenance treatment of asthma in April 2015.[@b2-dddt-10-4047] This article reviews the data that support the use of the fixed-dose combination of DPI FF with VI as a once-daily asthma maintenance treatment.
FF in asthma
============
The inhaled use of FF in asthma is in part based on its long half-life in the lung that allows once-daily dosing for asthma maintenance therapy.[@b10-dddt-10-4047] As given in [Table 1](#t1-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"}, ICS therapy plays a major role in the current GINA guidelines. When as-needed SABAs become inadequate to control asthma symptoms, the use of low-dose ICS should be considered as early as step 1 and used through step 2 into step 3 as medium- to high-dose ICS. The 100 μg daily DPI dose of FF is considered low-dose ICS therapy for asthmatics aged 12 years and older.[@b1-dddt-10-4047] After the addition of a LABA to low-dose ICS therapy at step 3, higher medium- or high-dose ICS therapy is recommended by the GINA guidelines for asthmatic patients that remain symptomatic. The 200 μg daily DPI dose of FF is considered a "high-dose" ICS and can be used for symptomatic step 3--5 asthmatic patients.[@b1-dddt-10-4047]
[Table 3](#t3-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"} summarizes the major clinical trials that have examined the use of FF as an ICS maintenance asthma therapy. Efficacy and safety have been verified with once-daily FF dosing in asthmatic patients in several studies. An 8-week study of 545 adolescent and adult asthmatic patients demonstrated significant (all *P*≤0.033) improvements with FF in pre-dose and placebo-adjusted forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV~1~). Once-daily evening-dosed FF (400 μg) was also as effective as twice-daily dosing (200 μg) of the same total daily FF dose in improving placebo-adjusted FEV~1~ (≥200 mL).[@b11-dddt-10-4047] In this study, the morning-dosed FF (400 μg) was found to be less effective than an equal dose of FF (200 μg) given twice daily (202 mL improvement, 95% CI =96--307 vs 315 mL improvement, 95% CI =208--421 mL).[@b11-dddt-10-4047] A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy and placebo-controlled study further evaluated once-daily FF (100 μg) given in the morning compared to the evening over a 2-week trial in asthmatics aged 18--70 years who required an ICS to control symptoms.[@b12-dddt-10-4047] Inhaled FF (100 μg) daily increased 24-hour weighted mean FEV~1~ relative to placebo (for AM dosing, 77 mL; 90% CI =1--152 mL and for PM dosing, 105 mL; 90% CI =29--180 mL)[@b13-dddt-10-4047] and found that the difference in the increase when FF was given in the morning or evening was negligible (adjusted differences, 28 mL; 90% CI =−102--45 mL).[@b12-dddt-10-4047] A longer 24-week multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study compared once-daily evening doses of FF (100 μg) to FF (200 μg).[@b13-dddt-10-4047] Both FF doses improved least-squares mean trough FEV~1~ from baseline by 208 mL in the FF (100 μg) group and 284 mL in the FF (200 μg) group (treatment difference, 77 mL; 95% CI =−39--192 mL).[@b13-dddt-10-4047] Similar improvements were seen in rescue- and symptom-free days, morning and evening peak expiratory flow (PEF) and reported adverse events with the two FF doses. The 200 μg FF-treated group was 42% more likely to have well-controlled symptoms than the 100 μg FF-treated group. There were no safety concerns, and no clinically relevant effects on 24-hour urinary cortisol levels with either of the doses of inhaled FF were found.[@b13-dddt-10-4047]
When inhaled FF (100 μg) daily for 2 weeks was compared to FF (100 μg) combined with the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), umeclidinium (UMEC; 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125 or 250 μg), in adult asthmatics, trough FEV~1~ was improved with FF (100 μg) alone (by 87 mL) compared to baseline, but they increased even more when FF (100 μg) was combined with UMEC doses (141--214 mL).[@b14-dddt-10-4047] When least-squares mean change in trough FEV~1~ was evaluated, statistically significant differences were seen with FF (100 μg)/UMEC (125 and 250 μg; both 55 mL, *P*=0.018) compared to FF (100 μg) alone.[@b14-dddt-10-4047] In addition, both morning and evening PEF improved more with the combination of FF with UMEC daily inhalation compared to FF alone. The FF serum concentrations peaked at half an hour when given alone, and this did not change when combined with UMEC.[@b15-dddt-10-4047] The use of daily FF given by DPI has a proven efficacy in asthmatic patients requiring an ICS for symptom control. The combination of FF with LAMA appears to increase the efficacy compared to FF alone in asthmatic patients.
The use of VI in asthma
=======================
Several new LABA agents designed for once-daily dosing are available or under study including indacaterol, olodaterol, abediterol and VI.[@b16-dddt-10-4047] Appropriate concern for the use of LABA agents alone as maintenance therapy has mandated that asthmatic subjects in most clinical studies evaluating the use of the inhaled LABA VI be currently on an ICS ([Table 4](#t4-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"}). An exception is the study by Kempsford et al.[@b17-dddt-10-4047] Inhaled VI was given once daily (25--100 μg) for 14 days to healthy volunteers and once to patients with either asthma or COPD. Inhaled VI was rapidly absorbed with a median time to maximal serum concentrations of 5 minutes in healthy subjects and 10 minutes for asthma and COPD patients. All VI doses improved FEV~1~ by 5 minutes and maintained increased FEV~1~ up to 24 hours after inhalation in patients with asthma or COPD.[@b17-dddt-10-4047] No clinically significant adverse effects were found including evaluations of vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter ECG, blood glucose or potassium levels. [Table 4](#t4-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"} summarizes five placebo-controlled clinical trials in asthmatics on an ICS that evaluated inhaled VI using a DPI device lasting between 1 and 12 weeks. Doses between 3 and 50 μg daily of inhaled VI were tried, and the bronchodilator effect lasted at least 24 hours for VI doses 12.5--50 μg.[@b18-dddt-10-4047] The efficacy and safety of once-daily VI dosing in asthmatics were established by Sterling et al[@b19-dddt-10-4047] who evaluated 72 adult (≥18 years old) asthmatics on an ICS with a 7-day treatment of daily inhaled VI (6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg), twice-daily inhaled VI (6.25 μg) or placebo using a DPI. The VI treatment in asthmatics resulted in a statistically significant (*P*\<0.001 for all doses) increase on day 7 in trough FEV~1~ and weighted mean 24-hour FEV~1~ versus placebo. The differences from placebo for trough FEV~1~ with once-daily VI were 94 mL (95% CI =49--140 mL), 102 mL (95% CI =57--147 mL) and 125 mL (95% CI =80--170 mL) for 6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg doses, respectively. The 6.25 μg VI twice-daily dose resulted in 140 mL (95% CI =95--185 mL) improvement in trough FEV~1~ compared to placebo.[@b19-dddt-10-4047] Non-inferiority between once-daily versus twice-daily VI dosing was also shown.[@b19-dddt-10-4047]
A recent large trial children aged 5--11 years (N=456) with persistent asthma symptoms inadequately controlled on an ICS were randomized to once-daily inhaled VI (6.25, 12.5 or 25 μg), and this was compared to placebo over 4 weeks. It demonstrated safety but failed to show an improvement from baseline in trough FEV~1~ for any of the VI doses tested.[@b20-dddt-10-4047] Adult asthmatic patients uncontrolled on an ICS (N=347) were given once-daily VI (25 μg) for 12 weeks and were compared to those given twice-daily SAL or placebo. Researchers noted the improvement in FEV~1~ of 359±42.9 mL with VI, 283±41.9 mL with SAL and 289±42.9 mL for placebo.[@b21-dddt-10-4047] The increase in FEV~1~ was not statistically significantly different between VI and placebo. Overall, these data suggest that there is a variable response to inhaled VI in adult patients with persistent symptoms already on an ICS and even less efficacy of VI in asthmatic children on an ICS.
The use of FF and VI in asthma
==============================
Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and safety data have been tested with inhaled FF/VI in several populations, including healthy Chinese and Japanese, in patients simultaneously on ketoconazole and in patients with renal and hepatic impairment.[@b22-dddt-10-4047]--[@b25-dddt-10-4047] Stable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and no safety concerns over the use of inhaled FF/VI were found in these studies. Allergen and methacholine challenge tests were used in 27 patients randomized to inhaled FF (100 μg), VI (25 μg), FF (100 μg)/VI (25 μg) or placebo.[@b26-dddt-10-4047] Using the allergen challenge to test early asthmatic response (EAR) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), researchers found a decrease in FEV~1~. Using the mean 0--2 hours post allergen challenge FEV~1~, the least decrease was reported with the pre-challenge dosing of the combination FF/VI inhaler (−0.614 L, 95% CI =−0.858 to −0.370) and the greatest decrease was after placebo inhaler (−1.091 L, 95% CI =−1.344 to −0.837). The methacholine challenge test was used in these patients to model late asthmatic response (LAR) and AHR at 24 hours. Weighted mean FEV~1~ 4--10 hours post challenge was reduced after placebo (−466 mL, 95% CI =−589 to −343) but actually increased with FF (100 μg; 18 mL, 95% CI =−89 to 125) and with FF (100 μg)/VI (25 μg; 18 mL, 95% CI =−89 to 124). It was also improved compared to placebo with VI (25 μg; −298 mL, 95% CI =−415 to −181).[@b26-dddt-10-4047] The use of the combined FF/VI provided statistically significant protection against the EAR of AHR compared to its components alone and to placebo. There was also statistically significant protection with combination FF/VI therapy when compared to placebo and VI alone against the LAR of AHR.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is the major hepatic enzyme responsible for metabolizing FF by ester hydrolysis with the formation of the 17 beta-carboxylic acid and loss of the *S*-fluoro-methyl-carbothioate.[@b24-dddt-10-4047],[@b27-dddt-10-4047] FF is also believed to be a substrate for the P-glycoprotein (PgP) efflux transporter, and enterocytes may have a major metabolic effect on FF in the gastrointestinal track.[@b27-dddt-10-4047] The hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 also plays a major role in the metabolism of VI by *O*-dealkylation.[@b28-dddt-10-4047] It is also believed to be a substrate for PgP when in the gastrointestinal system.[@b24-dddt-10-4047] Ketoconazole is a probe used to assess the potential effect of CYP3A4 metabolic inhibition, and it also has inhibitory effects on PgP.[@b24-dddt-10-4047] Coadministration of repeat doses of ketoconazole 400 mg daily and inhaled VI (25 μg) alone had no pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic effect on VI. When 11 days of 400 mg oral ketoconazole daily was coadministered with inhaled FF (200 μg)/VI (25 μg) from days 5 to 11, no statistical or clinical effect was seen on heart rate or minimal potassium levels.[@b24-dddt-10-4047] There was a 27% decrease in 24-hour weighted mean serum cortisol levels (treatment ratio =0.73, 90% CI =0.62--0.86). An increase in the FF area under the plasma concentration 0--24-hour curve by 36% with ketoconazole (90% CI =16%--59%) was reported. The area under the plasma concentration 0--24-hour VI curve increased by 65% (90% CI =38%--97%).[@b24-dddt-10-4047] [Table 5](#t5-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"} summarizes the major pharmacokinetic parameters of FF and VI that allow once-daily dosing for this inhaled fixed combination medication.
[Table 6](#t6-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"} summarizes the major clinical trials evaluating pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of FF/VI given by DPI in asthmatic patients. Large randomized double-blind clinical trials have shown improved FEV~1~ and PEF measures by treatment with FF/VI compared to placebo or the same or better measures with active control agents such as inhaled FP and FP with the LABA SAL twice daily.[@b29-dddt-10-4047]--[@b36-dddt-10-4047] These clinical trials lasted from 2 to 52 weeks and evaluated efficacy and safety. Two trials each of 12-week duration have confirmed the efficacy of FF (100--200 μg)/VI (25 μg) given daily by DPI in Asian asthmatic patients compared to placebo[@b37-dddt-10-4047] and compared to the active comparator FP using PEF measures of efficacy.[@b38-dddt-10-4047]
An observational study from Italian National Health Service data used propensity score matching on baseline covariates of gender, age, FEV~1~ and comorbidities on 40 adult asthmatic patients. They were treated with FF (100 μg)/VI (25 μg) by DPI once daily or beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol (BEC/F) inhalation twice daily.[@b39-dddt-10-4047] The BEC/F-treated group had 0.28 (±0.12) days of hospitalization, and those treated with FF/VI had 0.08 (±0.04) days of hospitalization (*P*=0.09) during the 12-week analysis period. Both the number of physician visits and the number of specialist visits were statistically reduced in the FF/VI-treated group compared to the BEC/F-treated group.[@b39-dddt-10-4047] Another small comparison study (N=30) in Japan evaluated BUD (160 μg)/F (4.5 μg) two puffs twice daily and one additional inhalation as needed of BUD/F each day versus FF (100 μg)/VI (25 μg) by DPI daily over 4 weeks in asthmatics ≥20 years who required an ICS.[@b40-dddt-10-4047] Both drug combinations showed statistically significant (*P*\<0.001) improvement in the asthma control questionnaire during the 4 weeks with greater improvement in the scores with the BUD/F-treated group. Both groups also showed decreases (*P*\<0.001) in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) from baseline to week 4 with the levels in the BUD/F group reduced greater (*P*\<0.001) than the FF/VI-treated group. The use of a fixed-dose ICS/LABA as a rescue medication in this study goes against historical dogma of using SABA agents as rescue medication in asthma but is in the GINA guidelines ([Table 1](#t1-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table"}). In addition, direct comparisons between different combinations of ICS/LABA beg the question of dosage equivalence. In this study, perhaps the comparator should have been FF (200 μg)/VI (25 μg) as a high-dose ICS as opposed to the low-dose FF (100 μg)/VI (25 μg) combination.
The asthma--COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) is an asthma phenotype that shares features of both asthma and traditional COPD.[@b1-dddt-10-4047],[@b41-dddt-10-4047] A small (N=16) open-label, randomized, crossover study of patients with ACOS in Japan compared once-daily FF (200 μg)/VI (25 μg) versus FP (500 μg)/SAL (50 μg) twice daily for 4-week treatment periods.[@b42-dddt-10-4047] The mean value of FEV~1~ was 1.33 L (±1.29) during the run-in period, 138 L (±0.39) after the FP/SAL treatment and 1.47 (±0.38) L after the FF/VI treatment. The mean value of FEV~1~ was significantly (*P*\<0.01) greater in the FF/VI treatment group compared to the run-in period in these patients with ACOS. Although a small trial of short duration, it is one of the few pharmacological trials in patients with ACOS and the only randomized trial evaluating the FF/VI combination inhaler in patients with ACOS phenotype.
A large pragmatic study evaluating FF (100 or 200 μg)/VI (25 μg) inhaler use versus existing asthma maintenance therapies is ongoing. The Salford Lung Study is a randomized and controlled trial started before FF/VI inhalers were approved for asthma treatment. It utilizes the Salford electronic medical record to give near real-time data collection and monitoring of safety data at 66 primary care sites in and around Salford and South Manchester, England.[@b43-dddt-10-4047] The data from this study when available will complement the more standard double-blind, randomized, controlled trials evaluating real-world efficacy and obtaining risk/benefit information on inhaled FF/VI.
When East Asian patients were compared to non-East Asian patients from the large randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trials in a prespecified subgroup analysis, both FF (100 or 200 μg)/VI (25 μg) dose combinations were as effective in improving FEV~1~ compared to placebo as in non-East Asian patients.[@b44-dddt-10-4047] A systematic review with meta-analysis of seven published trials (N=5,668) evaluating inhaled FF/VI in asthmatic patients was recently performed.[@b45-dddt-10-4047] The combination therapy of FF (100 or 200 μg)/VI (25 μg) daily increased trough FEV~1~ in asthmatics treated longer than 8 weeks compared to either FP twice daily or FF daily alone. Three of the seven trials compared FF (100 or 200 μg)/VI (25 μg) doses to FF (100 μg) once daily and showed a significant (*P*≤0.001) increase in trough FEV~1~ of 90 mL (95% CI =60--120 mL) with the combination inhaler compared to FF alone.[@b45-dddt-10-4047]
Medication adherence with inhalers
==================================
Medication adherence or following the medication plan is a significant problem and factor in the treatment of chronic diseases.[@b46-dddt-10-4047] Dosing frequency has a major effect on the rate of nonadherence of medication in chronic diseases.[@b47-dddt-10-4047] When medications are given twice daily compared to once daily, the adherence rates were significantly lower, with regimen adherence reduced by 13.1% and timing adherence reduced by 26.7% compared to once daily.[@b47-dddt-10-4047] The adherence rates fall 23.1% for regimen adherence and 54.2% for timing adherence when medications are given four times daily compared to daily dosing. Nonadherence to treatment is associated with poor baseline asthma control.[@b48-dddt-10-4047],[@b49-dddt-10-4047] The nonadherence rates among asthmatic patients range between 30% and 70%, and because of this the assessment of medication adherence is a critical part of evaluating the difficult to treat asthma patient.[@b50-dddt-10-4047],[@b51-dddt-10-4047] Integrated and innovative approaches to patients are needed to improve medication adherence in difficult asthmatic patients.[@b52-dddt-10-4047] Once-daily medications and the combination of an ICS with a LABA in a single inhaler are associated with improved medication adherence compared to that of an ICS alone.[@b53-dddt-10-4047],[@b54-dddt-10-4047] Better medication adherence must be addressed and will improve health outcomes and asthma disease control.[@b55-dddt-10-4047],[@b56-dddt-10-4047]
In addition to being a daily combination dosing asthma maintenance medication, Breo Ellipta (GSK) utilizes the Ellipta delivery system. The Ellipta dry powder system (GSK, UK and Japan) has been shown to be easy to use and preferred over the Breezhaler (Novartis Pharma UK, Japan) in device-naive Japanese volunteers.[@b57-dddt-10-4047] When semi-structured, in-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted on asthma and COPD patients after using Ellipta (GSK, Germany) dry powder inhalation systems, the Ellipta device was associated with the highest patient satisfaction and preference.[@b58-dddt-10-4047] Patient preference for the Ellipta device was also demonstrated in 287 COPD patients randomized to the Ellipta or Diskus DPIs.[@b59-dddt-10-4047] The Ellipta device was significantly preferred (*P*\<0.001) over the Diskus device in all categories. Overall inhaler preference was 67% for the Ellipta device and 31% for the Diskus.[@b59-dddt-10-4047] Once-daily dosing with the FF/VI Ellipta device and its high patient preference are also likely to contribute to improved asthma medication adherence.
To date, a large amount of clinical trial data exists supporting the efficacy and safety of the use of inhaled FF/VI by DPI for asthma maintenance treatment. The combination ICS/LABA of FF/VI fits well into the GINA guidelines starting as early as step 3.[@b1-dddt-10-4047] Studies looking at a fixed-dose triple-combination inhaler with FF, VI and the LAMA UMEC are ongoing in healthy volunteers, being developed for COPD indication and could be evaluated in asthmatic patients.[@b60-dddt-10-4047]
Conclusion
==========
The DPI inhaler, FF/VI, is a fixed combination of two strengths of FF (100 or 200 μg) both with VI (25 μg) used as a maintenance treatment in asthmatic patients not controlled on just an ICS therapy alone. The doses of FF cover low- and high-dose ICS categories and fit nicely into the current GINA asthma treatment guidelines. Clinical trials have focused on each of the components of the combination inhaler. Efficacy and safety were demonstrated with inhaled FF in asthmatic patients. Similarly, efficacy and safety were demonstrated in clinical trials in adolescent and adult asthmatic patients on an ICS with adding inhaled VI but not in children aged 5--11 years. The data supporting the combined use of FF/VI in asthmatic patients requiring ICS are strong and document its efficacy and safety in long-term, large and randomized clinical trials in adolescents and adults. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been well studied and have demonstrated limited clinically important drug interactions (eg, ketoconazole) and minimal alterations from renal and liver impairments. Limited efficacy data with inhaled FF/VI exist for asthmatic children (\<12 years). Further studies on asthmatic children and various asthma phenotypes such as patients with ACOS are needed to better understand the full spectrum of the use of inhaled fixed combination FF/VI in the maintenance treatment of asthma.
**Disclosure**
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
######
The 2016 stepwise approach to asthma treatment[@b1-dddt-10-4047]
Asthma step As-needed SABA Low-dose ICS preferred controller Medium/high-dose ICS/LABA LTRA or Theo Tiotropium Alternative
------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ -------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------
Step 1 \+ \+
Step 2 \+ \+ \+
Step 3 \+[a](#tfn2-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} \+[b](#tfn3-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} \+[b](#tfn3-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} \+ \+[c](#tfn4-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"}
Step 4 \+[a](#tfn2-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} \+ \+ \+[d](#tfn5-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} \+[e](#tfn6-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"}
Step 5 \+[a](#tfn2-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} \+ \+ \+[d](#tfn5-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} \+[f](#tfn7-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"}
**Notes:** Adapted from GINA 2016.[@b1-dddt-10-4047]
May also include a single low-dose ICS/formoterol as a reliever medication for patients prescribed low-dose BUD/F for maintenance or low-dose BEC/F for those patients using BEC/F for maintenance.
Preferred step 3 maintenance for children aged 6--11 years is medium-dose ICS; adolescent/adults, low-dose ICS/LABA option.
Medium/high-dose ICS, low-dose ICS + LTRA, low-dose ICS + Theo are alternate options.
Tiotropium (LAMA) by spring-driven mist (not indicated in children aged \<12 years).
Tiotropium (LAMA) by spring-driven mist, high-dose ICS and LTRA or Theo are alternate options.
Refer to asthma specialist for add-on treatment options including tiotropium (LAMA), omalizumab, mepolizumab and/or oral corticosteroids.
**Abbreviations:** BEC/F, beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol; BUD/F, budesonide/formoterol; GINA, Global Initiative for Asthma; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting beta~2~ agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist; SABA, short-acting beta~2~ agonist; Theo, theophylline.
######
Major handheld inhaler therapy in asthma and COPD
Category Drug Dose (μg) Additional drug Dose (μg) Frequency Type Examples of brand name
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ----------------------- ------------- ------------------------- ------------------------
SABA Albuterol sulfate 90 None N/A prn, q6h MDI Proventil HFA^®^
Albuterol sulfate 90 None N/A prn, q6h MDI Ventolin HFA^®^
Albuterol sulfate 90 None N/A prn, q6h MDI ProAir HFA^®^
Albuterol sulfate 90 None N/A prn, q4--6h DPI ProAir RespliClick^®^
Albuterol sulfate (salbutamol)[a](#tfn9-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 100 and 200 None N/A prn, q6h DPI Easyhaler Salbutamol^®^
Levalbuterol tartrate 45 None N/A prn, q6h MDI Xopenex HFA^®^
LABA Formoterol fumarate[b](#tfn10-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 12 None N/A Twice daily DPI Foradil^®^
Formoterol fumarate[c](#tfn11-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 12 None N/A Twice daily DPI Atimos Modulite^®^
SAL xinafoate 50 None N/A Twice daily DPI Serevent Diskus^®^
SAL xinafoate[a](#tfn9-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 25 None N/A Twice daily MDI Neovent^®^
Indacaterol maleate[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 75 None N/A Daily DPI Arcapta^®^
Indacaterol maleate[c](#tfn11-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 150 and 300 None N/A Once daily DPI Onbrez Breezhaler^®^
Olodaterol hydrochloride[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 2.5 None N/A Daily SDM Striverdi Respimat^®^
SAMA Ipratropium bromide[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"},[e](#tfn13-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 21 None N/A q6h MDI Atrovent HFA^®^
LAMA Tiotropium bromide[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 18 None N/A Daily DPF Spiriva HandiHaler^®^
Tiotropium bromide[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 2.5 None N/A Daily SDM Spiriva Respimat^®^
Tiotropium bromide 1.25 None N/A Daily SDM Spiriva Respimat^®^
Aclidinium bromide[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 400 None N/A Twice daily DPI Tudorza Pressair^®^
UMEC bromide[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 62.5 None N/A Daily DPI Incruse Ellipta^®^
Glycopyrrolate bromide[c](#tfn11-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 50 None N/A Daily DPI Seebri Breezhaler^®^
Combination of SABA + SAMA Albuterol sulfate[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"},[e](#tfn13-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 100 Ipratropium bromide 30 q6h SDM Combivent Respimat^®^
Combination of LAMA + LABA Tiotropium bromide[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 2.5 Olodaterol 2.5 Daily SDM Stiolto Respimat^®^
Aclidinium bromide[c](#tfn11-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 400 Formoterol 12 Twice daily DPI Duaklir Genuair^®^
UMEC bromide[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 62.5 VI 25 Daily DPI Anora Ellipta^®^
Glycopyrrolate bromide[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 15.6 Indacaterol 27.5 Twice daily DPI Ultibro Neohaler^®^
Glycopyrrolate bromide[c](#tfn11-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 50 Indacaterol 110 Daily DPI Ultibro Breezhaler^®^
Glycopyrrolate bromide[d](#tfn12-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 9 Formoterol 4.8 Twice daily MDI Bevespi Aerosphere^®^
ICS Beclomethasone dipropionate 40 and 80 None N/A Twice daily MDI QVAR HFA^®^
Budesonide 90 and 180 None N/A Twice daily DPI Pulmicort Flexhaler^®^
Ciclesonide 80 and 160 None N/A Twice daily MDI Alvesco HFA^®^
FP 50, 100 and 250 None N/A Twice daily DPI Flovent Diskus^®^
FP 44, 110 and 220 None N/A Twice daily MDI Flovent HFA^®^
FF 100 and 200 None N/A Daily DPI Arnuity Ellipta^®^
Mometasone furoate 110 and 220 None N/A Daily and twice daily DPI Asmanex Twisthaler^®^
Combination of ICS + LABA Budesonide 80 and 160 Formoterol fumarate 4.5 Twice daily MDI Symbicort^®^
Budesonide[a](#tfn9-dddt-10-4047){ref-type="table-fn"} 160 and 320 Formoterol fumarate 4.5/9 Twice daily DPI DuoResp SpiroMax^®^
FP 100, 250 and 500 SAL xinafoate 50 Twice daily DPI Advair Diskus^®^
FP 45, 115 and 500 SAL xinafoate 21 Twice daily MDI Advair HFA^®^
FF 100 and 200 VI 25 Daily DPI Breo Ellipta^®^
Mometasone furoate 100 and 200 Formoterol fumarate 5 Twice daily MDI Dulera^®^
**Notes:**
Approved in the UK and Europe for COPD and asthmatic patients.
No longer manufactured and sold in the USA but still FDA approved, still available in the UK/Europe.
Approved in the UK, Europe and Canada for COPD, not routinely used in asthmatic patients.
Approved by the FDA only for COPD, not routinely used in asthmatic patients.
Used in acute exacerbations of asthma. q6h, every 6 hours; prn, as needed.
**Abbreviations:** COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DPI, dry powder inhaler; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; FF, fluticasone furoate; FP, fluticasone propionate; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting beta~2~ agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; MDI, metered dose inhaler; N/A, not applicable; SABA, short-acting beta~2~ agonist; SAL, salmeterol; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist; SDM, spring-driven mist; UMEC, umeclidinium; VI, vilanterol trifenatate.
######
Major clinical trials with FF in asthma
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study Trial number N Drugs (μg) Design Results (doses in μg)
---------------------------------------- -------------- ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Bateman et al**[@b61-dddt-10-4047] NCT00603382 598 FF (25, 50, 100 or 200) qpm or FP (100) bid or P ≥12-year-old asthmatics; MC, R, DB, DD, PC, PG, ×8 weeks A dose--response effect on FEV~1~ was seen (*P*\<0.001) for FF. FF (50--200) significantly (*P*\<0.05) improved FEV~1~ from baseline compared to P. FF non-inferior to FP
**Woodcock et al**[@b13-dddt-10-4047] NCT01431950 238 FF (100 or 200) daily ≥12-year-old asthmatics uncontrolled on mid--high-dose ICS; MC, R, DB, PG, ×24 weeks Least-squares mean trough FEV~1~ was improved from baseline for both doses of FF. No significant difference between FF (100) and FF (200). Similar rates of AEs. No clinically relevant effects on 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion at week 24 by either FF dose
**Lötvall et al**[@b62-dddt-10-4047] NCT01159912 343 FF (100) qpm or FP (250) bid or P ≥12-year-old asthmatics uncontrolled on ICS; MC, R, DB, DD, PC, PG, ×24 weeks Both FF and FP significantly (*P*=0.01) increased pre-dose evening FEV~1~ compared to P at week 24. Less use of rescue medications with FF compared to P (*P*\<0.001). AEs were similar. Week 24 urinary cortisol levels were significantly reduced (*P*=0.036) by both FF and FP compared to P
**Busse et al**[@b63-dddt-10-4047] NCT01436110 347 FF (50) qpm or FP (100) bid or P ≥12-year-old asthmatics uncontrolled by non-ICS therapy; MC, R, DB, DD, PC, PG, ×24 weeks Evening trough FEV~1~ at week 24 was not significantly increased with FF (50) but increased with FP (100) bid (*P*=0.03).\
No safety concerns were noted
**O'Byrne et al**[@b64-dddt-10-4047] NCT01436071 248 FF (50) or P qpm ≥12-year-old asthmatics; MC, R, DB, PC, PG, ×12 weeks Significant (*P*=0.012) increase in evening trough FEV~1~ with FF compared to P. Significant increase in rescue-free 24-hour periods (*P*=0.004) with FF compared to P. Lower AEs with FF (31%) than P (38%)
Woodcock et al[@b11-dddt-10-4047] NCT00398645 646 FF (200 or 400) qam or FF (200 or 400) qpm or FF (200) or P bid all by DPI ≥12-year-old asthmatics; MC, R, DB, PC, ×8 weeks All five FF dose groups produced significant (*P*\<0.05) increases in pre-dose FEV~1~ compared to P. No difference between qd and bid dosing. Low incidence (0%--4%) of oral candidiasis and no differences in urinary cortisol excretion
Woodcock et al[@b65-dddt-10-4047] NCT00766090 190 All patients received bid dosing -- if listed as qd -- second daily dose was P. FF (100) bid or FF (200) qpm or FP (200) qpm or FP (100) bid or P bid ≥12-year-old asthmatics; MC, R, XO, PC, XO, ×4 weeks Day 28 pre-dose FEV~1~ showed non-inferiority between FF (100) bid versus FF (200) qpm. All doses of FP and FF were superior to P (*P*\<0.02). AEs were similar to P. Urinary cortisol excretion at day 28, lower for FF than for FP (*P*≤0.02)
Medley et al[@b66-dddt-10-4047] NCT01499446 575 FF (100) qam or FF (100) qpm or FF (250) qpm or P Asthmatic patients aged 16--55 years; MC, R, DB, DD, PC, PG, ×4 weeks Trough PEF improved with all doses of FF compared to P (*P*≤0.005). No difference in trough PEF with FF (100) qam or qpm. No serious AEs
Busse et al[@b67-dddt-10-4047] NCT00063746 627 FF (200, 400, 600 or 800) qpm, FP (500) bid, P qpm ≥12-year-old asthmatics uncontrolled on ICS; MC, R, DB, DD, PC, PG, ×8 weeks No dose--response effect was seen across the FF doses studied. All FF doses improved PEF (*P*\<0.001) compared to P. Incidence of oral candidiasis increased compared to P with the FF (800) dose. FP (500) bid also improved PEF
Lee et al[@b14-dddt-10-4047] NCT01573624 421 FF (100) qam or FF (100) + UMEC (15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125 or 250) qam or FF (100) + VI (25) qam ≥18-year-old asthmatics on ICS; MC, R, DB, XO, ×2 weeks Trough FEV~1~ improved with FF (100) alone but \> with FF~1~ (100) + UMEC (125 or 250). FF/UMEC increased morning and evening PEF compared to FF (100) alone. AEs were similar across groups, and no laboratory parameter changes were noted
Kempsford et al[@b12-dddt-10-4047] NCT01808339 21 FF (100) qam + P qpm or P qam + FF (100) qpm or P qam + P qpm 18--70-year-old asthmatics on ICS; SC, R, DB, DD, PC, XO, ×2 weeks FF (100) increased 24-hour weighted mean FEV~1~. The increases for FF dosed in the AM or PM were comparable. No serious AEs were reported
Bleecker et al[@b68-dddt-10-4047] NCT 00603278 622 FF (100, 200, 300 or 400) qpm or FP (250) bid or P bid ≥12-year-old asthmatics; MC, R, DB, DD, PC, PG, ×8 weeks Significant (*P*\<0.001) greater increase in FEV~1~ with all doses of FF and FP than P. Increases with qd FF were equal or greater than with bid FP. The 24-hour urinary cortisol levels were similar with all doses of FF, FP and P
van den Berge et al[@b69-dddt-10-4047] Not given 24 Single dose -- P or FF (1,000) −2, 14 or 26 hours or FP (1,000) −14 or 26 hours before AmpCT Asthmatic patients not on ICS; MC, R, DB, PC, XO Threshold dose AmpCT increased by prior exposure to FF at 2, 14 or 26 hours compared to P. Prior FP exposure only increased AmpCT threshold at 14 hours not at 26 hours compared to P
Yang et al[@b15-dddt-10-4047] NCT01725685 18 Single dose -- FF (400) or UMEC (500) or FF (400) plus UMEC (500) 18--65-year-old healthy volunteers; SC, R, DB, XO Plasma FF concentrations peaked at 0.5 hours alone and with combined FF/UMEC inhaler. No clinically significant AEs, vital signs or laboratory parameters
Allen et al[@b70-dddt-10-4047] NCT01000597 80 FF (250) intravenous or FF (800) or FF (400) both by DPI 20--59-year-old healthy Caucasian, Japanese, Korean and Chinese subjects; OL, R, XO, single and daily repeat doses ×7 days; intravenous dose ×1 only Higher FF systemic exposures were seen in Chinese, Japanese and Korean subjects compared to Caucasian subjects. Bioavailability was higher in Asian subjects than Caucasian. Japanese had on average 22% lower serum weighted mean cortisol levels than Caucasians, Chinese or Koreans. Serum weighted mean cortisol levels were similar in Caucasians, Chinese or Koreans. Well tolerated in all groups
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Notes:** References in bold are key studies; bid, twice daily; qam, daily morning; qd, once daily; qpm, daily evening.
**Abbreviations:** AEs, adverse events; AmpCT, adenosine 5^1^-monophosphate (AMP) challenge test; DB, double blind; DD, double dummy; DPI, dry powder inhaler; FEV~1~, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FF, fluticasone furoate; FP, fluticasone propionate; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; MC, multiple centers; NCT, [clinicaltrials.gov](http://clinicaltrials.gov) study numbers, OL, open label; P, placebo; PC, placebo controlled; PEF, peak expiratory flow; PG, parallel group; R, randomized; SC, single center; UMEC, umeclidinium; VI, vilanterol trifenatate; XO, crossover.
######
Major clinical trials with VI in asthma
Study Trial number N Drugs (μg) Design Results (doses in μg)
---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Kempsford et al**[@b17-dddt-10-4047] NCT00469040; NCT00463697; NCT00519376; NCT00702910 36, 22 and 24 VI (25) or VI (50) or VI (100) or P all daily and VI (25) or VI (50) or VI (100) or P single dose and VI (6.25) or VI (25) or VI (100) or P all single dose, all by DPI Healthy subjects (36) between 18 and 55 years old, SC, PC, R, DB, PG, ×14 days and persistent asthmatics (22) ≥18 years old, MC, R, DB, PC, XO, single dose and persistent asthmatics (24) between 18 and 55 years old, MC, R, DB, PC, XO, single dose VI rapidly absorbed maximal concentration between 5 and 10 minutes. No significant changes in vital signs, 12-lead ECG or blood chemistry changes were noted with VI. All doses of VI resulted in increases in FEV~1~ within 5 minutes and lasted at least 24 hours
**Lötvall et al**[@b21-dddt-10-4047] NCT01181895 347 VI (25) daily SAL (50) bid or P, all by DPI Adult asthmatics uncontrolled by ICS alone; MC, R, PC, DB, DD, ×12 weeks VI, SAL and P all showed substantial improvement in 24-hour weighted mean FEV~1~ after 12 weeks without statistically significant differences. Low rates of AEs compared to P
**Oliver et al**[@b20-dddt-10-4047] NCT01573767 456 VI (6.25, 12.5 or 25) or P Daily, all by DPI, all replaced their ICS with FP (100) bid during 4-week run-in phase Children aged 5--11 years with persistent asthma on ICS; MC, R, DB, PC, PG, ×4- and 1-week follow-up The adjusted mean change from baseline in evening PEF averaged over the 4-week treatment phase showed no significant difference between VI and P. No difference was also seen in trough FEV~1~ between VI and P. VI resulted in an additional 0.6 rescue-free days and 0.7 symptom-free days per week compared to P. AEs were slightly higher with VI (28%--33%) versus P (22%)
Lötvall et al[@b18-dddt-10-4047] NCT00600171 614 VI (3, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50) or P qpm, by DPI ≥12-year-old symptomatic asthmatics on stable ICS dose; MC, R, DB, P, dose-ranging study, ×28 days A VI dose--response effect (*P*=0.037) was seen on improving trough FEV~1~. Statistically significant (*P*≤0.016) increases in mean FEV~1~ relative to P were seen for VI doses (12, 25 and 50). Prolonged bronchodilation was seen for at least 24 hours with VI
Sterling et al[@b19-dddt-10-4047] NCT00980200 75 VI (6.25) daily or VI (6.25) bid or VI (12.5) daily or VI (25) daily or P, all by DPI ≥18-year-old asthmatics on stable dose ICS; MC, R, DB, PC, XO, ×7 days All VI doses had significant (*P*\<0.001) increase in weighted mean 24-hour FEV~1~ compared to P. Low incidence of AEs with VI (5%--9%) without evidence of dose dependence. P AEs were 18%
Oliver et al[@b71-dddt-10-4047] NCT01453296 28 VI (25) or P single dose and VI (25) or P daily, all by DPI Children aged 5--11 years with persistent asthma on ICS; MC, R, DB, PC, XO, single dose then 7 days later, once-daily dosing, ×7 days All ages showed similar VI pharmacokinetics. No laboratory or ECG abnormalities. No change in PEF from day 1 to day 14
**Notes:** References in bold are key studies; bid, twice daily; qpm, daily evening.
**Abbreviations:** AEs, adverse events; DB, double blind; DD, double dummy; DPI, dry powder inhaler; ECG, electrocardiogram; FEV~1~, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FP, fluticasone propionate; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; MC, multicenter; P, placebo; PC, placebo controlled; PEF, peak expiratory flow; PG, parallel group; R, randomized; SAL, salmeterol; SC, single center; VI, vilanterol trifenatate; XO, crossover.
######
Pharmacokinetics of FF and VI
Drug Mean absorption time (IN) (hours) Absolute bioavailability (IN) (%) *t*~max~ (IN) (hours) *t*~1/2~ beta (hours) VD (IN) (L)
------ ----------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ----------------
FF 10.53 (8.52--13.01) 6.3--18.4; 15.2 (12.6--18.4) 1.0 (0.08--4.00) to 0.08 (0.08--1.50) 23.7 (20.8--26.9) (IN); 15.4 (13.1--18.2) (IV) 661 (546--800)
VI 0.659 (0.286--1.517) 10--12; 27.3 (21.6--34.6) 0.150 (0.08--0.17) to 0.100 (0.08--0.18) 2.47 (1.65--3.70) (IN); 2.40 (1.65--3.48) (IV) 165 (129--211)
**Notes:** Data are mean (90% CI); *t*~max~, time to maximum observed concentration (inhaled); *t*~1/2~ beta, terminal elimination half-life. Data from.[@b10-dddt-10-4047],[@b70-dddt-10-4047],[@b72-dddt-10-4047],[@b73-dddt-10-4047]
**Abbreviations:** CI, confidence interval; FF, fluticasone furoate; IN, inhaled dose; IV, intravenous dose; L, liters; VD, volume of distribution at steady state; VI, vilanterol trifenatate.
######
Major clinical trials with FF/VI in asthma
Study Trial number N Drugs (μg) Design Results (doses in μg)
---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Allen et al**[@b74-dddt-10-4047] NCT01086410 185 FF (100)/VI (25) or FF (200)/VI (25) or P by DPI or P by DPI plus 10 mg Pred oral last 7 days 12--65-year-old asthmatic patients; MC, R, PC, DB, PG, DD, all daily doses ×6 weeks No differences (non-inferior) in 24-hour weighted mean serum or urinary cortisol levels between FF/VI at either dose and P. Pred substantially reduced 24-hour weighted mean serum cortisol compared to P
**Woodcock et al**[@b36-dddt-10-4047] NCT01147848 806 FF (100)/VI (25) qpm or FP (250)/SAL (50) bid by DPI ≥12-year-old asthmatic patients on stable ICS; MC, R, DB, DD, PG, ×24 weeks Significant improvement from baseline seen in 0--24-hour weighted mean FEV~1~ after 24-week treatment with both FF/VI qpm or FP/SAL bid. No difference in asthma control measures or exacerbations
**Busse et al**[@b34-dddt-10-4047] NCT01018186 503 FF (100)/VI (25) qpm or FF (200)/VI (25) qpm or FP (500) bid by DPI ≥12-year-old asthmatic patients on ICS; MC, R, DB, DD, PG, ×52 weeks Exacerbation rates were FF (100)/VI (25) (1%), FF (200)/VI (25) (3%) and FP (500) (3%) during the study. Statistically significant (*P*≤0.006) cortical suppression seen with FP compared to both FF/VI doses at weeks 12 and 28 but not at week 52. No clinically important glucose, potassium, ECG or ophthalmic changes were noted
**O'Byrne et al**[@b32-dddt-10-4047] NCT01134042 586 FF (200)/VI (25) qpm or FF (200) qpm or FP (500) bid by DPI ≥12-year-old asthmatic patients on ICS; MC, R, DB, DD, PG, ×24 weeks FF/VI significantly (*P*\<0.001) improved both trough and weighted mean (0--24 hours) FEV~1~ compared to both FF and FP alone. AEs were similar between groups
**Bateman et al**[@b31-dddt-10-4047] NCT01086384 2,019 FF (100)/VI (25) or FF (100) daily qpm by DPI ≥12-year-old asthmatic patients on ICS; MC, R, DB, PG, ×24--78 weeks FF/VI compared to FF alone delayed onset of first severe asthma experience exacerbation (*P*≤0.05). Significantly (*P*\<0.001) greater trough FEV~1~ improvement with FF/VI than FF alone. Both were well tolerated with similar AEs
**Bernstein et al**[@b29-dddt-10-4047] NCT01686633 1,039 FF (100) or FF (100)/VI (25) or FF (200)/VI (25) qpm daily by DPI ≥12-year-old asthmatic patients on ICS; MC, R, DB, stratified, PG, ×12 weeks Weighted mean FEV~1~ (0--24 hours) was significantly (*P*\<0.01) increased by both doses of FF/VI compared to FF alone. Trough FEV~1~ percentage of rescue-free 24-hour periods and morning/evening PEF were also improved. Small numerical improvements occurred with FF (200)/VI (25) compared to FF (100)/VI (25). All treatments were well tolerated
Kempsford et al[@b35-dddt-10-4047] NCT01287065 26 FF (100)/VI (25) qpm or FF (100)/VI (25) qam or P by DPI 18--70-year-old asthmatic patients on stable ICS; SC, R, DB, PC, XO, daily dose of FF/VI given qam or qpm with P given the opposite qam/qpm or P given bid ×14 days Both, morning and evening FF/VI, increased weighted mean FEV~1~. Both dosing times produced comparable improvements in lung function
Allen et al[@b25-dddt-10-4047] NCT01266941 and NCT01266980 35 FF (200)/VI (25) or FF (100)/VI (25) by DPI Two studies, OL, PG, daily doses in: 1) mild to moderate hepatic impaired patients or healthy matched patients, all daily dose ×7 days; 2) severe renal impaired (CrCl \<30 mL/min) patients or healthy matched patients, all daily dose ×7 days No effect on VI maximal concentrations or area under the concentration curve for 24 hours in liver or renal impaired patients. No difference in heart rate, serum potassium or 24 hour serum cortisol levels seen
Oliver et al[@b75-dddt-10-4047] NCT01128569 52 FF (100) or FF (100)/VI (25) or P by DPI 18--65-year-old asthmatics; MC, R, DB, PC, XO, daily dose ×28 days Weighted mean FEV~1~ for the 2-hour post-allergen challenge was improved by FF and FF/VI compared to P. No difference was seen between FF and FF/VI
Kempsford et al[@b24-dddt-10-4047] NCT01165125 and NCT00866515 20 and 18 1\) Keto 400 mg or P oral daily ×6 days on day 5 VI (25) ×1 dose by DPI and 2) Keto 400 mg or P oral daily ×11 days with FF (200)/VI (25) daily days 4--11 by DPI 18--52-year-old healthy subjects; SC, R, DB, XO, all doses were daily Oral Keto is known as CYP3A4 and PgP inhibitors. No major effect of Keto on VI pharmacodynamics was seen. Maximal levels and area under the curve (0--24 hours) were increased approximately twofold by Keto on FF (36%) and VI (65%). No effect on maximal heart rate or minimal potassium levels was seen when Keto was given with FF/VI. A 27% decrease in 24-hour weighted mean serum cortisol levels was noted
Nakahara et al[@b23-dddt-10-4047] NCT00625196; NCT00964249; NCT00972673 48, 32 and 16 FF (200, 400 or 800) or P and VI (12.5 or 25) and FF (800) or VI (50) or FF (800)/VI (50) by DPI Healthy adult Japanese males, single dose; then 4-day washout; then daily dose days 5--11 (7 days) and single dose daily ×7 days and single dose Peak serum concentrations of FF and VI were up to two times higher compared to single doses. No clinically significant difference in VI or FF levels when administered together compared to alone. Repeat doses of FF affected weighted mean (0--24 hours) serum cortisol with FF (200, 400 and 800) resulting in respective reductions from placebo of 32%, 38% and 97% respectively. No safety concerns were seen
Oliver et al[@b26-dddt-10-4047] NCT01128595 26 FF (100) or VI (25) or FF (100)/VI (25) or P by DPI 18--65-year-old asthmatic patients; MC, R, DB, PC, XO, daily dose qam ×21 days; allergen challenge test and MCT Treatment with FF, VI or FF/VI all reduced the early decrease in FEV~1~ with allergen challenge test 0--2 hours and 24 hours compared to P on day 21. Same protection was seen with MCT for FF, VI or FF/VI on day 22
Oliver et al[@b33-dddt-10-4047] None given 26 FF (100)/VI (25) or FF (100) daily by DPI 5--11-year-old patients with mild asthma controlled by ICS, R, DB, XO, stratified by age, ×14 days No difference was seen in primary outcomes including AEs, laboratory measures, heart rate, blood pressure, PEF or ECG between FF/VI and FF
Bleecker et al[@b30-dddt-10-4047] NCT01165138 609 FF (100)/VI (25) or FF (100) or P all daily qpm by DPI ≥12-year-old asthmatic patients; MC, R, DB, PG, ×12 weeks Both FF/VI and FF significantly (*P*\<0.003) increased trough and weighted mean (0--24 hours) FEV~1~ compared to P. No statistical difference between FF/VI and FF in FEV~1~. The percentage of rescue inhaler-free 24-hour periods 10.6% greater with FF/VI than FF alone and 19.3% greater with FF/VI than P
Lin et al[@b38-dddt-10-4047] NCT10498653 309 FF (200)/VI (25) qpm or FP (500) bid by DPI ≥12-year-old asthmatic patients from the People's Republic of China, South Korea and the Philippines; MC, R, DB, DD, PG, ×12 weeks Significantly greater change from baseline on evening PEF by FF/VI compared to FP (*P*\<0.001). No difference in AEs
Chen et al[@b22-dddt-10-4047] NCT01711463 16 FF (50)/VI (25) or FF (100)/VI (25) or FF (200)/VI (25) or P qam daily by DPI 18--45-year-old healthy Chinese subjects; SC, R, DB, PC, XO, ×7 days Reductions compared to P in weighted mean serum cortisol (0--24 hour) levels for day 7 were seen for FF (100)/VI (25) and FF (200)/VI (25) compared to P. FF/VI was safe and well tolerated
Lin et al[@b37-dddt-10-4047] NCT01498679 307 FF (100)/VI (25) or P daily all by DPI ≥12-year-old patients with Asian ancestry and asthmatics on ICS; MC, R, DB, PC, PG, ×12 weeks Significant (*P*\<0.001) improvement in change from baseline for FF/VI versus P in evening PEF. Greater percentage of symptom-free 24-hour periods with FF/VI than P. ADEs were 35% for FF/VI and 31% for P
Hozawa et al[@b40-dddt-10-4047] None given 30 BUD (320)/F (9) bid plus as-needed BUD (160)/F (4.5) or FF (100)/VI (25) qpm plus as-needed procaterol, all by DPI ≥20-year-old Japanese asthmatics on ICS; SC, R, OL, ×4 weeks BUD/F and FF/VI both showed improvement in airway inflammation, FEV~1~, resonance frequency exhaled nitric oxide and asthma control scores, but FF/VI improvement seemed to plateau, while BUD/F did not. The use of a single as-needed dose of BUD/F was well tolerated
Dal Negro et al[@b39-dddt-10-4047] None given 117 BEC (100)/F (6) bid or FF (92)/VI (22) daily, all by DPI Adult asthmatic patients; observational, retrospective with propensity score matching, ×12 weeks The number of relapses per patient was 0.53 (±0.12) for the BEC/F treatment group and 0.28 (±0.07) for the FF/VI group (*P*=0.12). Less hospitalizations (*P*=0.11), specialist visits (*P*\<0.001) and general physician visits (*P*\<0.001) were seen in the FF/VI group compared to the BEC/F-treated group. The mean cost of hospitalizations per patient was less but not significant for the FF/VI group
Ishiura et al[@b42-dddt-10-4047] None given 16 FF (200)/VI (25) qam or FP (500)/SAL (50) bid, all by DPI Adult 59--87-year-old Japanese patients with ACOS; OL, R, XO, ×12 weeks The trough FEV~1~ was significantly (*P*\<0.01) higher after FF/VI than at baseline. No significant change in FEV~1~ was seen with FP/SAL treatment. Each spirometry parameter was significantly (*P*\<0.05) higher after FF/VI treatment than values found with FP/SAL
**Notes:** References in bold are key studies; bid, twice daily; qam, daily morning; qpm, daily evening.
**Abbreviations:** ACOS, asthma--COPD overlap syndrome; ADE, adverse drug event; AEs, adverse events; BEC/F, beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol; BUD/F, budesonide/formoterol; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CYP, cytochrome P450; DB, double blind; DD, double dummy; DPI, dry powder inhaler; ECG, electrocardiogram; FEV~1~, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FF, fluticasone furoate; FP, fluticasone propionate; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; Keto, ketoconazole; MC, multicenter; MCT, methacholine challenge test; OL, open label; PC, placebo controlled; PEF, peak expiratory flow; PG, parallel group; PgP, P-glycoprotein; Pred, prednisolone; R, randomized; SAL, salmeterol; SC, single center; VI, vilanterol trifenatate; XO, crossover.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '4eab8b64b7fc61f6fd47e7ea765dc985f42346b1a6566c51f92794bc94a65294'} |
Tuesday, September 4, 2012
Business in BJJ: Put the Pop Biz books DOWN.
The article ends with this quote:
Screw it...
Liam H Wandi said...
Thank you. It had to be said and it's nice that someone in the know says it :)
and yes, that movie ruled!
KB said...
So I'm curious. How do you feel about Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill?
Megan said...
KB, I've never read it, but after a quick look on Amazon, the words "secrets" and "magical", references to Andrew Carnegie, and enticements like "you may have whatever you want in life" in the description throw up some HUGE red flags.
Now...that said...it very well could be a case of what Slideyfoot and I were discussing in regard to Lloyd Irvin...a great product wrapped like a scam.
Have you read it?
KB said...
Yes, indeed. It was actually recommended to me by Lloyd too.
I learned a lot from the book, but it is highly conceptual. I actually prefer that though.
Megan said...
Yeah...though I might not like it, that "style" of marketing/motivation might actually have some merit...but it's one of those things that I think attracts more flim flam artists than it does people with legit motivations.
KB said...
I understand, if you are focusing on methods. Some methods rub people the wrong way right off the bat.
That's why I prefer concepts because if you understand the concept, the why, you can create the method.
That's true in BJJ, and everywhere else.
Back to the book though, Think and Grow Rich doesn't deal with methods, and it is easy to see the logic even when you think it could have been explained better. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '426', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9674135446548462}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '109519', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4PCHEUVW5EP5H42OBY5K7O4R5D3RFCLK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a7ce3ab6-02f6-4526-b671-6318e7cd9439>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 18, 2, 9, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.13.65', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YMOISUWMRR5KFCT4JOXJPVF7KEX7GXUQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3669cc2f-f1ce-47a3-9822-fee227887965>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://bjiujitsu.blogspot.com/2012/09/business-in-bjj-put-pop-biz-books-down.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:340f61a8-47a7-4a9b-abee-4e2b5ffa0f5a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '694', 'url': 'https://bjiujitsu.blogspot.com/2012/09/business-in-bjj-put-pop-biz-books-down.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-74.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.22649669647216797', 'original_id': 'f26c740856eeb3ee0817fc54ed5f492a9b9e88887f56f633b02d67d3f4ebbec4'} |
Injectors are in widespread use, in particular for combustion engines where they may be arranged in order to dose a fluid into an intake manifold of the combustion engine or directly into a combustion chamber of a cylinder of the combustion engine.
In general, an injector has tough performance requirements to enable injection of accurate quantities of fluid and to fulfill pollution restrictions during operation of the injector and the corresponding combustion engine. Two main requirements are the ability to open at high pressures, for example higher than 200 bar in case of gasoline engines, and to enable fast closing times, for example less than 500 microseconds, in order to have a low flow and low actuation time.
Such requirements, for example also concern hydraulic valves like solenoid actuated valves. Regarding a solenoid injector, the mentioned requirements can be fulfilled using a free lift concept in which an armature, for example, travels a small portion of a total lift without carrying a valve needle. In a next step, the armature impacts the valve needle and opens the injector through an impulse that overcomes the necessary force to open the valve needle and the injector at high pressures and further allows for a fast opening transient.
Due to the impact of the armature on the valve needle, a velocity of the valve needle is high during opening and travel phases. On the one hand, the opening of the injector is desirable to be fast but on the other hand it is requested that a remaining portion of the impact on the valve needle leads to a limited velocity in order to make an operation of the valve needle and the injector controllable during ballistic operations, for example. In this context, a controllability of the injector refers to a variation of flow of a fluid versus changes of time of activation. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0b22d7fa9a2e0c211b2d9513c968f51ccfbb46b2f8a10d65ce0d377a3fce07e9'} |
June 22, 2006
An editorial conflict of interest at Slate?
Yesterday, Ann Althouse offered Slate well-deserved congratulations on its 10th anniversary ("The usual Slate plus a spate", 6/21/2006), while registering an equally well-deserved complaint about Jacob Weisberg's little cottage industry in Bushisms:
Oh, Slate is exasperating at times. Jacob Weisberg keeps cranking out his Bushisms, maybe just to keep Slate critics from noticing other problems. They're so damned distracting. Look, he's got a new one up there now:
What's even supposed to be wrong with that? The phrase "let's don't" is standard English. Is there something off about thinking people fear the future? Is the idea of shaping the future too arrogant and unrealistic? Come on, Weisberg, that's no "Is our children learning?"
The day before, Eugene Volokh made the same point about the same BotD:
Here's today's Bushism of the Day, "the president's accidental wit and wisdom," from Slate:
"So we'll bring our ideas, they'll bring theirs, let's clarify the differences, let's don't say bad things about our opponents."
Whoops, sorry, wrong President -- that's actually from President Clinton. The Bushism of the Day today is really this:
"Let's don't just talk about it. Let's actually do it, by passing the legislation."
Rats! Screwed up again -- that's actually from Vice President Gore. Here, and this time I'm serious, is today's actual Bushism of the Day:
"I tell people, let's don't fear the future, let's shape it." -- Omaha, Neb., June 7, 2006
As best I can tell, the only supposed flub -- the only supposed humor -- here is "let's don't." (Without that, the phrase isn't terribly rich in content, but neither are "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself," or a wide range of other perfectly normal exhortations from political leaders.)
Yet it's a flub only in the sense that departure from the standard Northeastern/West Coast elite spoken English is a flub. If you search for "let's don't," you'll find it used routinely in spoken English, chiefly (as best I can tell from my searches) by people from flyover country.
Eugene Volokh cites The Columbia Guide to Standard American English, where Ken Wilson says that ""There are three negative idioms: Let’s not stay, Don’t let’s stay, and Let’s don’t stay. All are Standard, although Let’s don’t is more typically American than Don’t let’s, which is more typically British."
In this case, I think Ken is missing a nuance. All three idioms might be Standard, but "let's not" is a lot commoner:
let's not
let's don't
don't let's
"Let's not" is 118 times commoner than "let's don't" on Google, 95 times commoner on Yahoo, 98 times commoner on MSN. In news-oriented indices, the ratios tend to be larger:
Google News Yahoo News MSN News
let's not
let's don't
don't lets
That's a ratio of 304 in Google News, 169 in Yahoo News, and 41,438 in MSN News (where something strange is going on in this case). 3 of the 10 "let's don't" examples from Google News are Bush quotes; the other 7 are from NC, LA, TX, AL (2), LA(2) -- that's not just fly-over country, it's more specifically the American south.
My impression is that "let's don't" is not only somewhat more informal that "let's not" -- which will already be tagged as informal by some because of the contraction -- but also is in commoner use in the south. (There are four examples of "let's don't" in a corpus of telephone conversations that I searched, three used by southerners and one by someone from a "midland" state, a region that includes places like Oklahoma and Missouri. The 67 instances of "let's not" are from all over.)
The New York Times search (since 1981) turn up 3,241 examples of "let's not" versus 62 examples of "let's don't", for a ratio of (only) 52. This evidence confirms that both idioms are informal: a spot check of the first 20 hits for "let's not" reveals that are all from letters, Op-Ed pieces and quotations in news articles -- except for one use in a book review:
"Neff, let us assume, wants permanent insurance against Keyes's subtle inquisition into the ostensible claims of his sexual life." Oh, come on, let's not assume it.
And the NYT search is also consistent with the view that "let's don't" is associated with southern speech. Among the first 10 examples, 5 are quotes from American southerners, or in one case from an African-American from a northern state:
Senator Jeff Sessions, Republican of Alabama, added, ''Let's don't play games with their lives.''
''Let's don't say one word to anybody,'' Mulkey-Robertson [Baylor basketball coach] said.
Walter and Betsy Cronkite sat at a corner table with Andy Rooney and his daughter Emily. ''We've been coming here 23 years,'' Mr. Cronkite said before his wife added tartly: ''Let's don't lie about our age. It's 43 years.''
At the 1999 Gridiron Dinner, Mr. Clinton won over the room when he looked back at the impeachment ordeal and said: ''Let's don't kid each other. This was an awful year. It was a year I wouldn't wish on my worst enemy.'' Pause. ''I take that back.''
''It was a mayor accomplishment in the final analysis,'' he said. ''I'm happy to share credit with the City Council. But let's don't get carried away with it.'' [David N. Dinkins]
3 are in quotes from sources whose sociolinguistic origin I don't know:
The lyrics and music, written by Mr. Mills, are a pastiche of influences - Stephen Sondheim, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Gilbert and Sullivan - without ever really having a voice of their own. Still, there are a few songs - "Class," "Letters to Boys," "If Only" and "Let's Don't" - that are nicely wrought, making one wish that Mr. Mills and Ms. Reichel had further honed their work.
''These are bad folks, and let's don't forget that,'' Brig. Gen. John W. Rosa Jr. of the Air Force, the new deputy director of operations for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told reporters in Washington.
'You didn't cross Oli lightly. He let you know just what he thought. At 13, he'd say, 'I don't agree with you, Mom, but let's don't argue about it.' ''
and two are quotes from northerners as reported (or invented) by people (I believe to be) of southern background:
''I remember Howard at the time was very good at sizing up people,'' Mr. Hudspeth said. ''He'd cut to the chase, every time. He'd say, 'Let's don't bother with that guy, he's too contentious, we'll never convince him.' Instead, we worked on some other guy. Howard was always a few steps ahead.'' [Thomas Hudspeth quoting Howard Dean]
Huber pauses, as if considering what he's going to say next, then: ''You just killed somebody, Win. Let's don't talk politics.'' [from a serial novel by Patricia Cornwell]
All of this underlines the points that Ann Althouse and Eugene Volokh made:
• "let's not" and "let's don't" are both informal but widely-used idioms;
• "let's don't" is less common and has southern-states associations;
• Jacob Weisberg is engaging in cynical manipulation of regional and class prejudice in order to enrich himself.
Well, they didn't actually say that last part -- I'll take responsibility for it myself.
For several years, I've joined others in complaining about the preposterous over-reaching of the Bushisms industry (see below for some links). The individual cases are just like any disagreement over usage: we argue over what linguistic norms really are, what they should be, and why. But there's a broader pattern here, and it's not just that many people dislike President George W. Bush and are happy to find a linguistic focus for their feelings. That's the demand side of the industry, and it's obvious. However, there's something to say about the supply side as well: the Bushisms industry apparently accounts for a significant portion of Jacob Weisberg's income, and he's the editor of Slate, who gets to decide which "Bushisms" to print and how often to print them.
Amazon.com lists mroe than two dozen Bushisms products, including at least five book-length collections, various special editions ("The Deluxe Election Edition", etc.), yearly quote-a-day calendars, wall posters, refrigerator magnets, and even a DVD. Stacks of Bushism-objects for sale are prominently displayed in most bookstores that I visit. This is not a flash in the publishing pan -- it's been going on for almost six years. Maybe someone who knows the publishing industry better than I do can estimate what Weisberg's royalty payments from this enterprise are like, but I'm pretty confident that they're in the same range as what he makes at his day job as editor of Slate. (I'm assuming that the royalties go to Weisberg as author, and not to Slate as the magazine where the Bushisms were originally published -- the copyright pages read "Copyright 200X by Jacob Weisberg").
There's nothing wrong with this in general -- Americans have been excoriating their leaders since the republic was founded, and a good thing, too.We can disagree about the principles and the details involved, and that's also as it should be. And when someone writes books that others want to buy, (s)he makes money, and that's likewise fitting and proper.
But isn't there something wrong when a magazine editor, whose job is making judgments about what is and is not worthy of publication, makes much of his income from re-publication of collections of a feature whose instances are so often so spectacularly superfluous? Does anyone think that Jacob Weisberg would consider very many of these "Bushisms" worth the space in his (excellent) magazine and the attention of his readers (which include me), if he wasn't making money from George W. Bushisms, Still More George W. Bushisms, ..., George W. Bushisms V, Bushisms 2006 Day to Day Calendar, etc.; and if he didn't foresee the need to fill the pages of George W. Bushisms VI, the Bushisms 2008 Day to Day Calendar, and on and on? and if he didn't have a personal financial motivation for keeping the Bushisms brand and the Bushisms product line in the public eye?
As journalistic conflicts of interest go, I guess this is a venial one. It's not like the DNC is slipping envelopes of cash to Weisberg to reward him for making fun of the president. (Instead, Simon & Schuster is sending him quarterly royalty checks to reward him for making fun of the president.) But you no longer need to wonder why in the world a series of fluent and sensible statements by W, which would never be noticed if anyone else produced them, are routinely displayed on Slate as Bushisms. Just follow the money.
Some posts on related topics:
"'Too much of a coincidence to be a coincidence'" (10/10/2003)
"You say Nevada, I say Nevahda" (1/3/2004)
"Non-Bushism of the day" (1/27/2004)
"Sauce for the gander" (4/22/2004)
"Weisbergism of the week" (4/27/2004)
"A CNN-ism" (6/18/2004)
"Two paradigms of eloquence" (7/26/2004)
"Gibson Scores a 'Bushism', with an assist to Kerry" (10/9/2004)
"Beware linguistic and political stereotypes" (10/12/2004)
"Ceci n'est pas un Bushism" (10/15/2004)
"Wilgoren invents a trend" (10/25/2004)
"Fasten = Grecian?" (5/18/2005)
"Quotes from journalistic sources: unsafe at any speed" (7/9/2005)
"And they're just as ignorant as it used to do" (19/19/2005)
"Don't read it as something more than it's not" (10/29/2005)
"Has George W. Bush become more disfluent?" (11/17/2005)
"Trends in presidential disfluency" (11/26/2005)
"Trembling to be wrong" (12/20/2005)
"People that would do ourselves harm" (1/13/2006)
"Chinian, not Chinese?" (1/26/2006)
Posted by Mark Liberman at June 22, 2006 08:53 AM | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '87', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9645867347717284}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23185', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QS2K3ERD3NGVNJTZAUHYPOOLPPRKQVGG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6ebc11ee-0e1c-4e41-a47e-06008f6cea9c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 9, 23, 14, 22, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '128.91.252.31', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YOIKOMBO3H5SAXXO63GOANDHMBPLHXCF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:692c83ac-f0f5-4774-a9bf-17a4eecdf387>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/003277.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7a5f5b49-c427-4f68-aa17-7f9ca6cfcc66>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1817', 'url': 'http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/003277.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-41\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for September 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06157541275024414', 'original_id': 'e24ac5034e4d951422dd35391daac3911cc0b892225fee668ca235c16e3a9cef'} |
Jenny Jungwirth, Carol Busse, Jeanette Foster, and Donnie Manthei perform comical “Disciples Stew” skit
Calvary Lutheran, Princeton hosts LWML Spring Rally
“Disciples Stew?” The Ladies of Calvary gave a comical skit emphasizing that everyone needs to be disciples too. By adding a few seasonings like preaching the good news, praying for each other, teaching the truth, having strength, encouragement, and faith, we all can be the best disciples. District President, Barbara Kaun, talked about the LWML Convention in June and the need for more delegates. The guest speaker was Chaplin Willis from the Federal Correction Institute in Oxford. He gave his explanation of the job description between being a Chaplin and being a Congregational Pastor. The ingathering was for Chaplain Willis to use in his position at the correctional facility. There was a total of 144 “Free on the Inside” books, which he uses with the inmates, and 50 of the “Peacemaker” bible for the families and guards. Donations were gathered through a door offering at Zone 13 churches, used to purchase the books prior to the Rally. Upcoming events are the State Convention June 22-23 in Milwaukee and the Fall Retreat September 20-22 in Oshkosh. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.960494577884674}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '41118', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6VQY3SXJYJEWCCH6GK5G2YGAI7E3QOUV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4250ec8f-597d-4824-b755-d0b64d39fa9e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 13, 21, 17, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.236.58.39', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ARN3JKYIBP6GBD2UZI5ZU55F7GO5T6NS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:166bb6a6-eb91-4aaf-a4bb-f4f54acaa54c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.wausharaargus.com/latest-worship/calvary-lutheran-princeton-hosts-lwml-spring-rally', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:febd3fe1-ba36-46c1-af81-a1296f827f1b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '192', 'url': 'https://www.wausharaargus.com/latest-worship/calvary-lutheran-princeton-hosts-lwml-spring-rally', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-182-98-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0513572096824646', 'original_id': '08e3d4031d4bba0fec3ee311700220305fc0b5750f230ba193bf74fc3c9d05bf'} |
LATA Description
120 MAINE
122 NEW HAMPSHIRE
124 VERMONT
126 WESTERN MA
128 EASTERN MA
130 RHODE ISLAND
132 NEW YORK METRO NY
133 POUGHKEEPSIE NY
134 ALBANY NY
136 SYRACUSE NY
138 BINGHAMTON NY
140 BUFFALO NY
220 ATLANTIC COASTAL NJ
222 DELAWARE VALLEY NJ
224 NORTH JERSEY NJ
226 CAPITAL PA
228 PHILADELPHIA PA
230 ALTOONA PA
232 NORTHEAST PA
234 PITTSBURGH PA
236 WASHINGTON DC
238 BALTIMORE MD
240 HAGERSTOWN MD
242 SALISBURY MD
244 ROANOKE VA
246 CULPEPER VA
248 RICHMOND VA
250 LYNCHBURG VA
252 NORFOLK VA
254 CHARLESTON WV
256 CLARKSBURG WV
320 CLEVELAND OH
322 YOUNGSTOWN OH
324 COLUMBUS OH
325 AKRON OH
326 TOLEDO OH
328 DAYTON OH
330 EVANSVILLE IN
332 SOUTH BEND IN
334 AUBURN/HUNTINGTON IN
336 INDIANAPOLIS IN
338 BLOOMINGTON IN
340 DETROIT MI
342 UPPER PENINSULA MI
344 SAGINAW MI
346 LANSING MI
348 GRAND RAPIDS MI
350 NORTHEAST WI
352 NORTHWEST WI
354 SOUTHWEST WI
356 SOUTHEAST WI
358 CHICAGO IL
360 ROCKFORD IL
362 CAIRO IL
364 STERLING IL
366 FORREST IL
368 PEORIA IL
370 CHAMPAIGN IL
374 SPRINGFIELD IL
376 QUINCY IL
420 ASHEVILLE NC
422 CHARLOTTE NC
424 GREENSBORO NC
426 RALEIGH NC
428 WILMINGTON NC
430 GREENVILLE SC
432 FLORENCE SC
434 COLUMBIA SC
436 CHARLESTON SC
438 ATLANTA GA
440 SAVANNAH GA
442 AUGUSTA GA
444 ALBANY GA
446 MACON GA
448 PENSACOLA FL
44813 PENSACOLA FL PENSACOLA EAEA
44814 PENSACOLA FL CRESTVIEW EAEA
44815 PENSACOLA FL FORT WALTON BEACH EAEA
450 PANAMA CITY FL
45009 PANAMA CITY FL PANAMA CITY EAEA
45010 PANAMA CITY FL PORT ST JOE EAEA
45011 PANAMA CITY FL QUINCY EAEA
45012 PANAMA CITY FL MARIANNA EAEA
452 JACKSONVILLE FL
45204 JACKSONVILLE FL JACKSONVILLE EAEA
45205 JACKSONVILLE FL LIVE OAK EAEA
454 GAINESVILLE FL
45402 GAINESVILLE FL GAINESVILLE EAEA
45403 GAINESVILLE FL OCALA EAEA
456 DAYTONA BEACH FL
45601 DAYTONA BEACH FL DAYTONA BEACH EAEA
458 ORLANDO FL
45806 ORLANDO FL ORLANDO EAEA
45807 ORLANDO FL LAKE BUENA VISTA EAEA
45808 ORLANDO FL WINTER PARK EAEA
460 SOUTHEAST FL
46017 SOUTHEAST FL OJUS EAEA
46018 SOUTHEAST FL WEST PALM BEACH EAEA
462 LOUISVILLE KY
464 OWENSBORO KY
466 WINCHESTER KY
468 MEMPHIS TN
470 NASHVILLE TN
472 CHATTANOOGA TN
474 KNOXVILLE TN
476 BIRMINGHAM AL
477 HUNTSVILLE AL
478 MONTGOMERY AL
480 MOBILE AL
482 JACKSON MS
484 BILOXI MS
486 SHREVEPORT LA
488 LAFAYETTE LA
490 NEW ORLEANS LA
492 BATON ROUGE LA
520 ST LOUIS MO
521 WESTPHALIA MO
522 SPRINGFIELD MO
524 KANSAS CITY MO/KS
526 FORT SMITH AR
528 LITTLE ROCK AR
530 PINE BLUFF AR
532 WICHITA KS
534 TOPEKA KS
536 OKLAHOMA CITY OK
538 TULSA OK
540 EL PASO TX
542 MIDLAND TX
544 LUBBOCK TX
546 AMARILLO TX
548 WICHITA FALLS TX
550 ABILENE TX
552 DALLAS TX
554 LONGVIEW TX
556 WACO TX
558 AUSTIN TX
560 HOUSTON TX
562 BEAUMONT TX
564 CORPUS CHRISTI TX
566 SAN ANTONIO TX
568 BROWNSVILLE TX
570 HEARNE TX
620 ROCHESTER MN
624 DULUTH MN
626 ST CLOUD MN
628 MINNEAPOLIS MN
630 SIOUX CITY IA
632 DES MOINES IA
634 DAVENPORT IA
635 CEDAR RAPIDS IA
636 FARGO ND
638 BISMARCK ND
640 SOUTH DAKOTA
644 OMAHA NE
646 GRAND ISLAND NE
648 GREAT FALLS MT
650 BILLINGS MT
652 IDAHO
654 WYOMING
656 DENVER CO
658 COLORADO SPRINGS CO
660 UTAH
664 NEW MEXICO
666 PHOENIX AZ
668 TUCSON AZ
670 EUGENE OR
672 PORTLAND OR
674 SEATTLE WA
676 SPOKANE WA
720 RENO NV
721 PAHRUMP NV
722 SAN FRANCISCO CA
724 CHICO CA
726 SACRAMENTO CA
728 FRESNO CA
730 LOS ANGELES CA
732 SAN DIEGO CA
734 BAKERSFIELD CA
736 MONTEREY CA
738 STOCKTON CA
740 SAN LUIS OBISPO CA
820 PUERTO RICO
822 US VIRGIN ISLANDS
824 BAHAMAS
826 JAMAICA
828 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
830 CARIBBEAN
832 ALASKA
834 HAWAII
836 MIDWAY/WAKE
870 NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
871 GUAM
884 AMERICAN SAMOA
888 CANADA
920 CONNECTICUT (SNET)
921 FISHERS ISLAND NY
922 CINCINNATI OH
923 MANSFIELD OH
924 ERIE PA
927 HARRISONBURG VA
928 CHARLOTTESVILLE VA
929 EDINBURG VA
930 EPPES FORK VA (now part of 248)
932 BLUEFIELD WV
937 RICHMOND IN
938 TERRE HAUTE IN
939 FORT MYERS FL
93901 FORT MYERS FL AVON PARK EAEA
93902 FORT MYERS FL FORT MYERS EAEA
949 FAYETTEVILLE NC
951 ROCKY MOUNT NC
952 GULF COAST
953 TALLAHASSEE FL
956 BRISTOL TN
958 LINCOLN NE
960 COEUR D'ALENE ID
961 SAN ANGELO TX
963 KALISPELL MT (now part of 648)
973 PALM SPRINGS CA
974 ROCHESTER NY
976 MATTOON IL
977 MACOMB IL
978 OLNEY IL
980 NAVAJO RESERVATION AZ
981 NAVAJO RESERVATION UT
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '1b29a1fb918dea89cfe44eb19f3e3d01db0e56183c9cc17fb9a539a4f808f697'} |
Who decides?
What's next?
During an election, people elect their representatives (i.e. Councillors and Members of Parliament). One of the responsibilities of the Parliament is to debate and vote on new laws. The Government departments are then responsible for putting these laws into action.
When working on issues, it is important to:
• Correctly identify which level of government is responsible
• Find out the name of the government department that is responsible
• Visit the government department’s website to find out what they are doing about the issue already.
Who Decides? accessible version | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.97165185213089}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '24043', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FLF7JGN2WL342EOYYAJLOB5P5LSDOAEA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:195ca454-fa55-4a6d-876f-97d31fa39504>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 25, 5, 44, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '107.154.103.61', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WYYYWR2XZCDURLKG7F46GLYWNJLXXX5K', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:07abf21f-ac1b-4140-b5be-90abf4a5eb13>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://passport.vec.vic.gov.au/decide/who-decides/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:895e95ac-7812-485a-b39f-23351d565d48>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '90', 'url': 'http://passport.vec.vic.gov.au/decide/who-decides/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-13\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02007526159286499', 'original_id': '27506bf697b1c881d31aec786b695d2c71559d376bd9bf44cf8623cf1aea4746'} |
HopeFires International | You are a Gift to the Body
You are a Gift to the Body
You are a Gift to the Body
I’d like to say something. None of us “ministry types” have cornered the market on the voice of God. None of us have a revelation that trumps everyone else’s. I love how the New Living Translation puts it: “Now our knowledge is partial and incomplete, and even the gift of prophecy reveals only part of the whole picture.” (1 Corinthians 13:9). We only have parts of the whole, not the whole.
But I have a question: Why do we do often act like we have the whole pie and everyone else has none???
Guess what? I am uniquely made and am a gift to the body of Christ. Wanna know something else? So are you, and you, and you…. We all are unique in our gifts, talents, abilities, and viewpoints. Those things make us all invaluable gifts to the body of Christ. When we lay off the striving and competition and come together, all of our parts make a whole and a beautiful tapestry of God’s voice and intentions is revealed.
There are more than enough people desperate for real answers on this earth to fill every church. Why fight over a few, thus neglecting the masses? There are more than enough believers that hunger for deeper knowledge, understanding, and experience in the things of the Kingdom to keep every “ministry professional” busy with schools, seminars, and training for the rest of their days. Plenty of people need to be revived, need a breakthrough, healing, and deliverance, enough to busy every “revivalist” 52 weeks a year.
Yet, here we are, 2019, and we are still writing slander posts about our brother/sister in ministry and calling it “concern for the flock.” We are still calling other leaders behind the scenes and telling them not to invite “so and so” to speak at their event because we are secretly afraid that they’ll take our spot.
What spot???
Nobody can take your spot. You are seated with Christ. Let’s be satisfied with that. Let’s cheer our fellow ministers on. Let’s embrace the fact that we are all gifts to the body simply because we are part of it, part of the whole.
Let’s embrace real fellowship with the saints and see real reformation and revival happen.
One more thing: I am highly encouraged by the heart and humility of the up and coming leaders and voices in the body. They desire unity and family over notoriety, and for the body as a whole, that’s something to get excited about!
HopeFires International
No Comments
Post A Comment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '54', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9016852378845216}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '62704', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BWDCHLREPKR45BELTEJWCUI5CVXL5FSX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a5d64b69-fc76-4c0d-aa72-c5294bd7dc3f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 12, 14, 28, 21), 'WARC-IP-Address': '50.62.194.30', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:O6BU5JF727EFEUUCF2S3JUUTXC5Y5QU4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:079f9a63-9837-4abd-8d7e-f4ed35a81bc8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://hopefires.com/you-are-a-gift-to-the-body/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=you-are-a-gift-to-the-body', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d3402bbe-46cf-4b83-bcb5-d6ebc48a4eb8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '443', 'url': 'https://hopefires.com/you-are-a-gift-to-the-body/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=you-are-a-gift-to-the-body', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-230.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1282145380973816', 'original_id': 'de6b57f5677db120354074e52f05bc2304f43bbbef56e9284955dc0e8f3147b2'} |
" You say that you would not ministerially co- operate in any plan of this kind which was dis- approved by those to whom ministerial deference and subordination are due. This, of course, I should have expected from you ; and, indeed, if the scheme were pursued upon any other prin- ciple, it could end only as Methodism has ended, in producing another schism. In the movers and promoters of such a scheme there is too much probability of meeting either with much zeal or too little — with fervent sincerity untempered by discretion, or with mere worldly wisdom — with wild enthusiasts, or with men who look to it only as a politic expedient for supporting a Church which it is their interest to uphold, which they plainly perceive to be in danger, and which they suppose to be even weaker than it is, because they are conscious that they themselves have none of the spirit whereby alone it can be preserved. I know not whether there is more danger from the hot head or the cold heart, but I know which is to be regarded with most dislike. No good work, however, upon any great scale, has ever b&sn undertaken in which fanatics and formalists have not thrust themselves forward to make and to mar. Both must be counted on ; and if the work go forward with a blessing upon its pur- pose, both will be made useful. " You would not concur in any plan the object of which was to create schism in the body of the Methodists, neither would I bestow a thought upon any such object. But Methodism is already torn by schisms ; the specific schism which a mere politic churchman. would have wished to bring about, has been made, and in that schism the only organized Methodists are to be found with whom we could co-operate, or who would eo-operate with us ; for the Revivalists and Ranters are out of the question ; and the Con- Hh ference have something to lose by such co-opei- ation, and nothing to gain by it. The Confer- ence would not give up its system of confession, even if it were to concede matters less demon- strably mischievous. It would not allow you t<> be rector in your own parish, nor the bishop to be bishop in his own diocese. Its ministers would stand upon their privileges, preach du- ring the hours of Church service, and adminis- ter the sacrament. Instead of assisting you to feed your flock, their aim would be to collect as many of your sheep as they could into their own fold. " But the Church Methodists, if they are true to their own professions, would be just such aux- iliaries as are wanted. The scheme, as relating to any single parish, should seem not to be diffi- cult with their help ; they would bring whatevci is good in the Wesley an discipline, rejecting its watch-nights and its confessions ; they would act as catechists when parents are unable to perform that duty in their own families ; and by their meetings and their local preachers, they would introduce and keep up devotional habits. Much may be done in this way. But for the work of startling the sinner and making the deaf hear, I think that in most places the aid of itinerant preachers will be wanted ; and when we come to itinerancy, we come upon the difficulties and some of the dangers of organizing, supporting, and governing such a class of men. Yet these are the men who can ' create a soul under the ribs of Death ;' these are the firemen who seem to be in their proper element when they are breathing amid flames and smoke ; whom prac- tice has rendered, as it were, fire proof, and who are thus enabled to snatch brands from the burn- ing. I know not whether any such men have as yet appeared among the Church Methodists ; but when work of this kind is to be done, the supply of laborers seldom fails of being equal to the de- mand. "In any parish where a society were once methodized, it might be possible to ingraft upon their discipline a plan of looking after the sick for the purpose of administering to their bodily necessities. Women might be found to take upon themselves, if not, like the Beguines, the charge of nursing, yet of assisting in, and in some degree superintending it, avoiding, however, any perilous exposure of themselves, and thereby their own families, to infection ; for by such exposure the probable evil that may be incurred exceeds the good that can possibly be done. " There is some hope also (though fainter) that Methodism, thus regulated and kept in sub- ordination, may be rendered useful in another way. The Co-operative societies are spreading and must spread. I believe that their principle will act upon the whole foundation of society with a force like that of crystallization ; and every so- ciety which is formed into a little community of its own will surely be withdrawn from the na« tional Church, unless by some such aid as that of Methodism it can be kept or brought within the pale. But this is a wide as well as most 482 LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF tEtat. 56. momentous subject. And it is time that I should conclude. Believe me, dear sir, yours, with sin- cere respect, Robert Southey." Mrs. Opie to R. Southey, Esq. " Tottenham, 6th mo. 8th, 1829. " My dear Friend, " I did not know till our yearly meeting was begun the obligation which thou hadst conferred on me, so little worthy of such an enviable dis- tinction as that of being noticed by thee. I will own to thee that my first emotion on reading thy animated and eloquent words* was one of un- controllable anguish, because the bitter recollec- tion instantly came over my mind that he whom they would most have pleased would never see them ; but happier feelings succeeded, attended by a strong sense of gratitude to thee. " On the important subject which thou hast thus brought before my consideration, I have not time even to give an opinion, as I am preparing to set off for Paris next fourth day (Wednesday). * # # # I was in hopes of being able to read thy valuable and interesting book through before I wrote to thee, but I have scarcely had an hour of uninterrupted leisure since our yearly rpeeting closed, and have not read more than a third of the first volume. The introduction is exquisite, I think, and amusing enough to allure even common readers to their benefit. " I intend to turn my visit to Paris to the best account possible, and shall see their hospitals, prisons, &c. ;" and I hope to spend a month pleas- antly and profitably, though in that city of abom- inations — past, present, and to come. "It is twenty-seven years since I was there last ; what changes in nations, men, and things have taken place since that time ! And how many individuals whom we admired and respect- ed have gone to their long homes since 1802 ! " But there is One above ' who changeth not ;' and from this conviction I always derive conso- lation, when the sense of what I have lost presses heavily upon me. " Farewell ! with the best wishes for thy hap- piness, and that of thy interesting group, which I picture to myself in thy library, welcoming the wet and wandering guest, U I am thy affectionate and obliged, "A. Opie." To Mrs. Opie. "Keswick, Aug. 30, 1829. " My dear Mrs. Opie, " I should have replied to your letter imme- diately upon receiving it, if the answer could have reached you before your departure for Par- is, because I suspect from one part of that letter that the copy of my Colloquies which I requested Murray to send you as soon as they were pub- lished had not found its way to you. Should this be the case, 1 pray you cause inquiry to be * In the Colloquies, vol. ii., p. 230, my father had men- tioned, only not by name, Mrs. Fry and Mrs. Opie, as women prepared by charitable enthusiasm to take the lead iu establishing societies for improving hospitals, &c. made for it of his people. You might well won- der that having been moved to call upon you as I have there done, I should leave you to hear of it by chance. "Though far from any approach to Quaker- ism myself, I have always justified your transi- tion to it, thinking that under your circumstances the change was both a natural and a happy one. I should have been better pleased if you had not consented to corrupt the king's English, against which debasement, I think, your example, when you conformed in other things, might perhaps have produced some effect, pioud of such a pros- elyte as, however it may seem, the society must be ; not that this is a matter of any moment, ex- cept that I do not like to see you conform to any thing which is not reasonable and worthy of your- self. But the mere change to a state of religious feeling and a strict sect would not have induced me to address you so publicly and pointedly upon a subject which I have very much at heart, from a deep sense of its utility, if I had not heard an expression of yours relating to ' prison duties,' which I think (though highly meritorious in it- self) is not the best direction which heroic charity can take. But the words proved that that char- ity had taken possession of you, and that you were ready to follow wherever it might lead. " You and I have lived in an age of revolu- tions, and the greatest, as affecting this country, and ultimately the whole of Europe and of the Christian world, is yet to come. The evils of the manufacturing system and the misery of the poor are approaching a crisis, and unless some effectual remedies are speedily applied, the foun- dations of society will be overthrown. You will agree with me that moral and religious discipline must be one of those remedies, though we might differ concerning its form. But forms will not stand in the way between us here. Quakers and Moravians will co-operate in any great and good work with a single mind, where other sec- tarians have always a secondary motive lurking in all of them, and uppermost in many or in most. "7? TV tP tP TT tP tP " I see so distinctly the dangers which beset us, and the only means by which they are to be resisted, that if the objects which I have at heart could be promoted by my preaching in the fields and market-places, I would go forth and do so. But my power is in the ink-stand, and my place is here, where I will take every opportunity of enforcing upon such of the public as have ears to hear, truths necessary for their political salvation, did they look no further. " When I designated you so plainly in that Col- loquy, I wrote under the influence of strong feel- ing ; but I have ever since been calmly convinced that I neither spoke too strongly nor said too much. Amelia Opie, I know no person so qualified, and, let me say, so prepared, as you to take the lead in a great work of goodness ; and if you are of one mind with me in this, I verily believe it will be done. '• God bless you ! " Yours with sincere regard, R. S." jEtat. 56. ROBERT SOUTHEY. 483 I place the next letter a little out of order in respect to date, as being a reply to the preced- ing one. Mrs. Opie to R. Sonthey, Esq. <• Norwich, 11th mo. 24th, 1829. " My dear Friend, u Illness and other circumstances over which I have seemed to have no power, have, ever since my return to Norwich, prevented my writing to thee, though I can say with truth that I have thought of thee every day, and pondered often over thy letter with grateful and increasing in- terest. " It reached me at Paris. I did not for a mo- ment think of answering it then, because I was wholly unacquainted with the societies to which it alludes, and could not obtain the necessary in- formation. But on my return to England I found Elizabeth Fry deep in thy book, and believing that she had already made a few steps at least in the career to which thou hast pointed in thy eloquent address to me. " I did not agree with her as to the expediency of the delay, but consented to accompany her on a visit to Dr. Gooch, the result of which he has probably communicated to thee. He gave us ample information relative to the co-operative societies, and last night the friend with whom I am staying read aloud an excellent article on that subject in the Quarterly, and I greatly ad- mire many of the plans on which the society act. I wish it was indispensable for every member to be a religious as well as a moral character. * " En attendant, let me know more of thy views in relation to Elizabeth Fry and myself. Thy letter was truly gratifying to me, but humbling also, as it led me to look into myself, and feel how little worthy I am of such an appeal, and how lit- tle able to answer it as it ought to be answered. " I left Paris (where I stayed four months and a fortnight at the house of a near and dear rela- tion) with a heart full of love and gratitude to- ward every person there, but also filled with pity, strong disapprobation, and alarm. Still, when I consider the efforts making by many pious and good persons to spread the knowledge of the truth as it is in Christ Jesus among them, I can answer the question, ' Can these bones live /' not only ' Thou knowest,' but that I think they will. Farewell ! " I am thy grateful and affectionate friend, "A. Opie." I do not find traces of any further correspond- ence with Mrs. Opie upon this subject ; several other letters, however, passed between my father and Mr. Hornby, chiefly upon the plan of educa- ting a better order of persons as nurses for the poor ; and, through the exertions of the latter, a beginning was made, which unfortunately was prevented by untoward circumstances from pro- ducing any permanent results. It appears that Mr. Hornby, in concert with Adam Hodgson, Esq., of Liverpool, undertook to set on foot an institution for this purpose as an experiment, and to maintain it for two years. They hired a house, engaged a matron, received a number of inmates, and had educated and sent out some few as nurses. Other individuals now became anxious to join them in the responsibility and superintendence ; and there not being a suf- ficient unity of purpose among all the managers, the scheme, which was prospering admirably, fell to the ground. As soon as it appeared that they were educating a valuable class of persons, it was sought to make them available to the upper classes as monthly nurses ; and this being an entire per- version of the original plan, Mr. Hornby and Mr. Hodgson withdrew at the end of the two years, and the whole scheme quickly fell to the ground. The autumn of the year was marked by a great change in the household at Greta Hall. From the time of my father's first settling at Keswick, where it will be remembered he found Mr. and Mrs. Coleridge residing, she and her only daugh- ter had formed part of the family circle, and now the latter was to change, not her name (for she was about to marry her cousin, the late Henry Nelson Coleridge), but her state and residence ; and Mrs. Coleridge was about to take up her per- manent residence with them. This, of course, was like the parting with a sister. To John May, Esq. "Keswick, Sept 10, 1829. " My dear Friend, " * * # # * * * I will tell you Murray's opinion of the Colloquies. The sale, he says, would have been ten-fold great- er if religion and politics had been excluded from them ! The profits, I dare say, will be very lit- tle. ******* " My third volume of the War is in the press, and my hand has been only taken from it for a short interval, that I might do the needful work of reviewing, by which alone does it seem prac- ticable for me to keep clear with the world. I have written for the London Review a short but very interesting account of Lucretia Davidson, an American poetess, killed, like Kirke White, by over-excitement, in her seventeenth year. It is a most affecting story. There have been three papers of mine in that work — in the first, second, and fifth numbers ; and, as they promise that there shall be no further delay in payment, I should not like to withdraw from it. * * " I might be paid at the same rate for Sharpe's London Magazine ; but, when that was converted into a magazine, it passed from the hands of Al- lan Cunningham into those of Theodore Hook and Dr. M'Gihn, with neither of whom did I wish to associate myself. ******* " But I am looking forward with much satis- faction to next year, as setting me free from the Peninsular War, and thereby leaving me at lib- erty to commence printing the History of Portu- gal. I shall be able to live by reviewing, and yet win time enough from that employment to compose this history from *,he materials which 484 LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF iETAT. 56. have been so long in preparation, and to carry it through the press. And I shall get by it some- thing better than money : the profits, indeed, can not be so small as to disappoint me, or to make me in the slightest degree indisposed to the task. " The best news I can send you of myself must be something like an echo of your own letter — that I go on working steadily, with little to hope, but cheerfully, and in full belief that the situation in which I am placed is that which is best for me. Had I kept the path wherein I was placed, I might have been a bishop at this day — probably should have been ; and therefore I bless God even for having gone astray, since my aberrations have ended in leading me to a happier, a safer, and (all things considered) a more useful station. " If there be a later history of Bristol than Bar- rett's, it must be a better one ; there is no ear- lier. I do not know the spot which you call the Fairies' Parlor by that name ; but I could show you some haunts of mine upon those Downs, and in that neighborhood, which I know not whether I should have most pain or pleasure in revisiting. Henry Coleridge and his bride are now lodging in Keswick : her mother departs next week, and then we part, after six-and-twenty years' resi- dence under the same roof. All change is mourn- ful, and if I thought of myself only, I should wish to be in a world where there will be none. " I want to finish the biographical letter in my desk ; but you would pity me if you knew what I have in head, and in hand, and at heart, and saw the continual interruptions which cut up my time in large slices, or fritter it away. With- al, I have the blessing of being sound in body once more, and can ascend the mountains with something like the strength, and all the spirits of youth. I had more to say of projects, and of ap- proaching evils and dangers, of which we are likely to see the beginning, but not the end. I was born during the American Revolution, the French Revolution broke out just as I grew up, and my latter days will, in all likelihood, be dis- turbed by a third revolution, more terrible than either. God bless you, my dear friend ! " Yours most affectionately, R. S." To " Oct., 1829. " My dear Sir, " I have not seen Landor's second edition, though Colburn was desired to send it me. Your judgment of the book is quite in conformity with mine, if (as I suppose) you except a few dialogues from the general censure, one or two being (to my feeling) nearly perfect, What you have heard me say of his temper is the best and only explanation of his faults. Never did man repre- sent himself in his writings so much less gener- ous, less just, less compassionate, less noble in all respects than he really is. I certainly never knew any one of brighter genius or of kinder heart. " I am pleased, also, to find you expressing an opinion respecting Milton and Wordsworth which I have never'hesitated to deliver as my own when I was not likely to do harm. A greater poet than Wordsworth there never has been nor ever will be. I could point out some of his pieces which seem to me good for nothing, and not a few faulty passages, but I know of no poet in any language who has written so much that is good. " Now, -, I want you, and pray you to read Berkeley's Minute Philosopher ;* I want you to learn that the religious belief which Wordsworth and I hold, and which — I am sure you know in my case, and will not doubt in his — no earthly considerations would make us profess if we did not hold it, is as reasonable as it is desirable ; is in its historical grounds as demonstrable as any thing can be which rests upon human evidence ; and is, in its life and spirit, the only divine phi- losophy, the perfection of wisdom ; in which, and in which alone, the understanding and the heart can rest. w ^ w tt t? w ^? " God bless you R.S.' To Herbert Hill, Esq. "Keswick, Nov. 29, 1829. " My dear Herbert, " Last year we were at this time looking for your arrival, and well pleased should we all be could we look for it now. I have been some- what of a rambler of late. Having paid a short, though long-deferred visit at Lowther toward the latter end of last month, I joined Henry Coleridge and Sarah at Penrith, on their way to London, at noon one day, and on the evening of the next they dropped me at Ripon. We saw Rokeby in the morning (a singularly beautiful place), where I called on Mr. Morritt, whom I had not seen for seventeen years ; and, on the way to Ripon, we saw Richmond. " My visit near Ripon was to Mrs. Hodson, known as a poetess by her maiden name of Mar- garet Holford. One day I dined at Studley, but it was so wet a day that it was impossible to go to the Abbey, or see the grounds there. Another day Mr. Hodson took me to Aldborough, where are many Roman antiquities, and to the place where Paulinus is said to have baptized some thousand Saxons in the River Swale. Another * To the same friend he writes at another time : " It is because your range of reading has lain little in that course that you suppose religious subjects have rarely been treat- ed in a philosophical spirit. I believe you have cast an eye of wonder upon the three folios of Thomas Jackson's works, and that it would be hopeless to ask you to look into them for the philosophy and the strength of faith, and the warmth of sincere religious belief with which they abound. I do not recommend you to Dr. Clark as a phil- osophical writer, because I have never yet had an oppor- tunity of reading him myself; but I believe you will find head-work to your heart's content there. But I again rec- ommend you to Berkeley's Minute Philosopher and to Philip Skelton's work. " But he did not arrive at his belief by philosophical rea soning ; this was not the foundation, but the buttress. Be- lief should be first inculcated as an early prejudice— that is, as a duty ; then confirmed by historical evidence and philosophical views. Whether the seed thus sown and thus cultivated shall bring forth in due season its proper fruit, depends upon God's mercy. Butler, I believe, was a very pious man, though the bent of his mind was toward philosophical inquiry ; but you may find among our divines men of every imaginable variety of disposition and genius coming to the same center of truth. The older I grow the more contentment I find in their writings " jEtat. 56. ROBERT SOUTHEY. 485 day I was at Newby (Lord Grantham's), where there is a fine collection of statues. Lady had contrived to introduce herself to me in the morning by a move which it required a good deal of the effrontery of high life to effect. The most interesting person whom I saw during this ex- pedition was Mr. Danby, of Swinton Park, a man of very large fortune, and now very old. He gave me a book of his with the not very apt title of 'Ideas and Realities;' detached thoughts on various subjects. It is a book in which his neigh- bors could find nothing to amuse them, or which they thought it behooved them to admire ; but I have seldom seen a more amiable or a happier disposition portrayed than is there delineated. " This was a ten days' absence. I have since made a three days' visit to Colonel Howard at Levens, between Kendal and Milnthorpe, whom I knew by the name of Greville Upton when he was in college at Westminster, and had not seen since. He married an heiress, and took her name, taking with it four large estates, with a mansion upon each, in Westmoreland, Stafford- shire, Surrey, and Norfolk. Such fortune has not often been so bestowed upon one who has made so good use of it. Levens is an old house of Elizabeth's age, and fitted up as in that age, with carved chimney-pieces, oak wainscots, and one room is hung with gilt leather. The gar- dens are in the old fashion, and, perhaps, the best specimen now remaining of their kind. They are full of yew trees cut into all imaginable and unimaginable shapes. One of them is called Dr. Parr, from its likeness to his wig. A guest who dines there for the first time is initiated by a po- tent glass (called the Levens' constable) of a liquor named Morocco, the composition of which is a family secret. It is like good strong beer, with a mixture of currant wine. # ' # # # * * * " God bless * r ou, my dear Herbert ! R. S '' CHAPTER XXXIII. tHE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES LITERARY EM- PLOYMENTS DEATH OF HIS BROTHER HENRY's WIFE EVILS OF OUR COMMERCIAL SYSTEM CURE FOR LUMBAGO GALIGNANl's EDITION OF HIS POEMS MILLER'S SERMONS BISHOP HACKET THE REFORM BILL DR. GOOCH's DEATH THE EVANGELICAL CLERGY LITER- ATURE OF DENMARK RENEWS THE LEASE OF HIS HOUSE ART OF COMPOSITION HONe's EVERY-DAY BOOK, ETC. POLITICS JOHN JONES MR. SADLER LITERARY EMPLOY- MENTS PAUPER COLONIES THE MARCH OF INTELLECT DENMARK LIFE OF BISHOP HE- BE*. STATE OF FRANCE MR. FLETCHER ELLIS THE MISSIONARY DR. BELL POLITICS. —1830. The co-operative societies, which have been already alluded to in several letters, seem to have taken great hold of my father's mind, doubt- less from their main principle assimilating to that upon which the Pantisocratic Utopia of his early youth was to have been founded, and he had per- suaded his unromantic friend Mr. Rickman to take a considerable interest in them, and to make the co-operative papers his companions in a jour- ney he was about to make in Scotland in the pre- vious autumn. From thence he writes, " I have a large and undefined notion of investigating society with this view. How many actually independent incomes, or how much income is requisite as a nucleus wherein to sustain a population depend- ent upon the expenditure of that income, and on the expenditure of each other ? I suspect that this involution is much more powerful and ex- tensive than is usually supposed, insomuch that a common payment for the creation of independ- ent gentry (idlers, if you please), pensioners and creditors of the public, is good instead of evil. The co-operative plan naturally prompts one to think of the circles, the repetition of patterns in paper hangings or carpets, whereof the whole papered room or carpet is made ; and by means of the little orbits of Descartes, I think I could depict society usefully by condescending (you know I am in Scotland) on particulars, and by a camera-obscura view of the bustle of man- kind." This set my father's imagination working won- derfully, and after quoting this passage in a let- ter to Mr. Henry Taylor, he says, " Here I think we have something like a foundation for political economy to rest upon, your existing systems being built either upon sand or bottomless mud. My head is full of thought upon this subject and of seminal notions, which in due time will work out a channel for themselves. They are so busy there that I could almost fancy my work is but to begin, and that all I have hitherto done has only been in the school of preparation. Take notice, H. T., that the clock has just struck eight, that I dined at four, and drank only four glasses of green gooseberry wine ; that after dinner I read some pages in Cudworth and the history of some half score Images of our Lady ; that.1 then took half an hour's nap, and afterward drank tea ; from which fact you are to conclude" that I write now in perfect sobriety, and with a healthy pulse that keeps time at its usual sober moderate rate." My father never had leisure to bring these notions into any thing like a definite form, and it is probable that, had he attempted to do so, one difficulty after another would have occurred, until he would have given up the matter in despair ; and it may be doubted whether any but an odd superstructure could be built upon such a foun- dation as Mr. Rickman's. The co-operative scheme itself was destined to disappoint its supporters ; for, as soon appear- ed from the language of these very persons who had commenced so moderately, the most danger- ous and socialistic opinions quickly began to gain ground among them, as appears from the follow- in<r letter. 486 LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF jEtat. 56. To John Rickman, Esq. " My dear R., « * # # # " Jan. 5, 1830. There was a meeting of co-operatvves in London in November, I think, the proceedings of which were printed in the News newspaper, and afterward in a separate form. The rankest leveling language was held and applauded there, and the effect was to fright- en one gentleman in this county, who, from Gooch's paper in the Quarterly Review, was dis- posed to encourage such a scheme in his own neighborhood. The best heads among them are very likely to take this wrong turn, and the worst mischief they will do by it, and the first also, will be to cut themselves off from the en- couragement which, if they keep within bounds, it is clearly the interest of the land-owners to afford them. The Brighton writer must not preach about the growing omnipotence of such societies, if he would have them succeed. But this was to be expected, and is the greatest ob- stacle in the way of a very obvious and great £ood. "I should like to see the inquiry which you suggested pursued as to the quantity of expendi- ture needful for keeping a community of some given number in well being, say five hundred persons. To know the rate of circulation and the quantity of the circulating medium would seem something like knowing that rate, &c, in the human body— a means, in some degree, of ascertaining when and how the system is disor- dered. But, in the social system, there is no danger of disease from overfulness. The circu- lation can neither be too free nor too fast. " I do not know who wrote the article on Home Colonies. They appear to me very de- sirable ; but I conceive a regular and also regu- lated system of emigration to be necessary, to do for us in peace more than can be done in war, by taking off the greater part of those who are restless at home, or who have no prospect of prosperity. I apprehend that in the Dutch poor colonies a great deal has been done by the best management of manures. The Dutch may have learned^ this from the Japanese. " God preserve us from a population such as is devouring Ireland and threatening to devour us ! Emigration must at last be resorted to, as the only preventive which can save us from this. Meantime we may improve one generation by setting them to cultivate bad land, and train their children for good colonists. I believe there is a great deal of cultivable waste land in the north of England, and that at Bagshot is of the very worst kind in the island. " The absolute necessity of discipline, and the outcry which would be raised against any exer- cise of it, are doubtless most serious difficulties in the way, yet I think superable ones, supposing the experiment to be wisely conducted, so that it might bear close, and full, and even hostile in- spection. " I am to review Ellis's book. Pomare was probably a state convert, like Clovis and some of our first Saxon kings ; yet not wholly so, for they were converted by politic missionaries, who, for the sake of such converts, made the new religion perfectly accommodating to all the practices which were tolerated by the old. " God bless you and yours with a new year which may be prosperous in all thing's ! "R. S." To Mrs. Hodson. "Keswick, Jan. 20, 1830. " My dear Mrs. Hodson, " My poor brother Henry is left with seven young children, happily so young that five of them will not feel their loss, another soon cease to feel it, and only the eldest feel it long and last- ingly ; for he (poor boy) has some malformation about the heart which must keep him always at home, and his understanding and affections have acquired strength and intensity as if in compen- sation for the incurable malady of his frame. I had known my sister-in-law from her infancy, and loved her dearly, both for her own sake and her mother's, who, take her for all in all, was the sweetest woman I have ever been acquainted with. Louisa herself was one of the violets of the world ; nothing could be gentler or kinder. She seemed never to think of herself, and was wholly devoted to her family. # # * # * # # "Norwich, Mrs. Opie tells me, is in a state of civil war ; and infidelity is said to prevail there extensively among the weavers. I believe very few people who are not serving under its banners are aware how widely it has spread among all ranks, and of the imminent danger that threat- ens us from that cause. I am busy upon the Peninsular War, and in finishing a life of John Bunyan for a handsonae edition of the Pilgrim's Progress, a task not of lucre, but of love. The moment it is done I must no longer delay the introduction of John Jones's verses. The Quar- terly Review has only a short paper of mine upon Captain Head's book. The after number will have one on Mawe's Journal, and I must forthwith begin for it an account of the mission to Tahiti, which, however, you may read to more advantage in my text-book, Ellis's Polynesian Researches. I have engaged to compose a vol- ume of Naval History, in biographical form, for the Cabinet Cyclopaedia, not for love, but for lu- cre, though it will be done lovingly when in hand. And thus my life passes ; little employ- ments elbowing worthier and greater undertak- ings and shouldering them aside, and the neces- sity for providing ways and means preventing me from executing half of what I could and would have done for other generations. And yet, how much better is this than pleading causes, feeling pulses, working in a public office, or being a bishop with all the secular cares which a* bish- opric brings with it, not to speak of its heavier responsibilities. " Believe me, my dear Mrs. Hodson, " Yours very truly, "Robert Southey." jEtat. 56. ROBERT SOUTHEY. 487 To John Hickman, Esq. " Feb. 16, 1830. " My dear R., " The co-operatives* ought to be very much obliged to you, and would be so if it were not the most difficult thing in the world to make men understand their own true interest. " I suspect that in many things our forefathers were wiser than we are. Their guilds prevent- ed trades from being overstocked, and would have by that means prevented over-production, if there had been any danger of it. The greedy, grasping spirit of commercial and manufacturing ambition or avarice is the root of our evils. You are very right in saying that in all handicraft trades wages are enough to allow of a very mis- chievous application of what, if laid by, would form a fund for old age ; and I quite agree with you that tea and sugar must be at least as nu- tritious as beer, and in other respects greatly preferable to it. But there is a real and wide- spreading distress, and the mischief lies in the manufactories ; they must sell at the lowest pos- sible price ; the necessity of a great sale at a rate of small profit makes low wages a conse- quence ; when they have overstocked the mark- et (which, during their season of prosperity, they use all efforts for doing), hands must be turned off; and every return of this cold fit is more vi- olent than the former. " There is no distress among those handicrafts who produce what there is a constant home de- mand for. But if we will work up more wool and cotton than foreigners will or can purchase from us, the evils of the country must go on at a rate like compound interest. Other nations will manufacture for themselves (a certain quantity of manufacturing industry being necessary for the prosperity of a nation), and this, with the aid of tariffs, may bring us to our senses in time. " One tells me that there is likely to be a slight degree of consolidating pressure brought to bear upon the ministry; another, that they may very likely find themselves in a minority. I do not wish for a change of men, because I do not see what better men could do in their places. Eighteen months ago circumstances might have been directed to a wise statesman's will ; now they must take their course : but, come what will, I shall never lose heart or hope. " God bless you ! Our best remembrances to vour fireside. R- S." To Mian Cunningham. " Keswick, March 4, 1830. " My dear Allan, " Thank you for your second volume, f which, if I had not been more than usually pressed for time, I should have read throughout at a sitting immediately on its arrival, but of which I have read enough to know that it is very good. In- * Mr. Rickman had written a paper on the subject for insertion in the Brighton Co-operator, and which he had sent to my father for his suggestions and remarks. t Of The Lives of British Painters, &c, in Murray's Family Library. deed, I do not see how that part which I have read could have been better. "If your lumbago be severe, I can tell you that at Yarmouth cod-liver oil taken internally used to be considered as a specific for that com- plaint, but in what quantity taken I can not tell. It is a villainous complaint, as I know by some slight touches of it only ; but complaints that threaten no serious consequences sit lightly on us even when they are heaviest. The flesh feels them, but not the spirit ; and there it is we feel when those who are near and dear to us are suf- fering. Spring, I hope, will bring with it re- covery to your household. " I am put to the daily expense of two hours' walking to keep in order a liver which has a great inclination — as if the spirit of Reform had reached it — to try some new mode of action al- together inconsistent with the safety of the con- stitution. The remedy seems to answer well : and when the weather will allow me to take a book in my hand, it is not altogether lost time. I can read small print at the pace of three miles an hour ; and when I have read enough to chew the cud upon, then in goes the pocket volume, and I add a mile an hour to my speed. | common_corpus | {'identifier': '17030848_72', 'collection': 'LoC-PD-Books', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1849.0', 'title': 'The life and correspondence of Robert Southey.', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7138', 'token_count': '9002', '__index_level_0__': '40551', 'original_id': 'b90e76f5faf832419b927447d8244c57209b3e869d9e9afb9da40d9ceea97537'} |
Which propane weed torch is best?
Herbicides can remain in the environment long after application and contaminate soil and water, creating a toxic environment. They can also have undesirable effects on nontarget plants. Extreme heat, however, is a quick and effective way to eradicate weeds without chemicals. To control weeds in this manner, all you need is a quality propane weed torch.
The Flame King Heavy-Duty 500,000 BTU Propane Weed Torch is a heavy-duty option that can handle even the toughest weed problems.
What to know before you buy a propane weed torch
A weed torch doesn’t burn weeds
Believe it or not, a weed torch doesn’t work by burning weeds to a crisp. Instead, the intense heat causes the water in the plant’s cells to boil away. You know you are using the tool correctly when the plant withers, but doesn’t char. A weed torch is most effective on immature weeds that aren’t as hardy as fully mature ones.
Heat vs. chemical weed control
A propane weed torch uses heat to control the weed population on your property. Unlike chemical weed control, it requires individual treatment for each plant and can destroy beneficial vegetation if you are not careful, so it takes a little more care and precision to accomplish the task. While it can be dangerous or illegal to use a weed torch in certain situations, there is no known lasting harm to the environment, like there is with herbicides.
A propane weed torch is a multipurpose tool
Besides being effective at controlling the weed population on your property, a weed torch can melt ice, repair blacktop, ignite a fire, melt roofing asphalt and more. However, caution and safety must always come first when using a weed torch. Never use a weed torch irresponsibly and always keep a fully charged fire extinguisher on hand for emergencies.
What to look for in a quality propane weed torch
One BTU can raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree. The higher the BTUs are, the more heating power a weed torch has. A light-duty weed torch only needs between 20,000-100,000 BTUs to be sufficient for home use. If you are considering a model with higher BTUs, make sure you really need that much power before purchasing.
Ergonomic, non-slip handle
It is very important to always maintain a firm, comfortable grip on your weed torch. A model that features an ergonomic, non-slip handle is best.
Bell size
The bell is where the flame comes out. Some models have a small bell that is only three-quarters of an inch wide, while others have a bell that may be as wide as 3 inches. If you have large patches of only weeds, a large bell is okay. However, if you need to do detailed work, a smaller bell is better.
Hose length
The hose runs from the propane tank to the weed torch. If you have a long hose, it lets you set the tank down, so you can reduce fatigue and have a longer reach.
Push-button ignition
A push-button ignition is the safest way to light a weed torch; you ignite the gas at the press of a button, staying clear of the flame at all times. Not all models offer this, and some of the ones that do are not reliable. Be sure to read user reviews that focus on this feature to determine the igniter performance before purchasing.
Variable flame control
You need a way to control the gas pressure on a weed torch. Some models have a convenient dial, while others use a trigger method — the further you squeeze the trigger, the greater the flow of gas. Some models, however, do not have the flame control in a safe or convenient location. When shopping for a weed torch, always consider where the flame control is positioned and how it operates.
How much you can expect to spend on a propane weed torch
If you need a propane weed torch for your home, plan on spending between $25-$100.
Propane weed torch FAQ
How hot does a propane weed torch get?
A. The maximum temperature that an air-fed propane torch can reach is 3,600 degrees. However, most weed torches will have a primary flame that only reaches around 2,000 degrees, which is still plenty hot — about the temperature of lava.
Am I allowed to burn weeds in my neighborhood?
A. Before using a propane weed torch, you must check with your local fire department to learn if a burn permit is needed.
How do I use a propane weed torch?
A. The best time to torch weeds is in the late spring when young weeds are just beginning to emerge. Move slowly but pass the torch quickly over the weeds — they should wilt, not burn, and this only takes about one-tenth of a second to happen. Repeat as needed, roughly every two to three weeks until the first frost.
Does a propane weed torch work on all weeds?
A. A weed torch only works on annual weeds because it does not kill the root. If you are persistent, however, repeated treatments may deplete the roots and eventually kill the weed. Also, it is important to remember to never burn poisonous plants, as their toxins will become airborne and pose a greater threat than when they were merely on the plant.
What are the best propane weed torches to buy?
Top propane weed torch
Flame King Heavy-Duty 500,000 BTU Propane Weed Torch
Flame King Heavy-Duty 500,000 BTU Propane Weed Torch
What you need to know: If you need the highest intensity heat torch, this is the only model that you should consider.
What you’ll love: This torch delivers 500,000 BTUs. It has an ergonomic, molded handle for comfort and control. The 10-foot hose gives you an extended reach, and the no-tool assembly and operation is appreciated. Each purchase includes a 12-month warranty protecting you from manufacturer’s defects.
What you should consider: If too much gas pressure is flowing through the torch, it may flame out.
Where to buy: Sold by Amazon
Top propane weed torch for the money
Flame King 24,000 BTU Self-Lighting Propane Weed Torch
Flame King 24,000 BTU Self-Lighting Propane Weed Torch
What you need to know: This lighter-duty model is powerful enough to accomplish a wide variety of home weed-removing tasks.
What you’ll love: This model features a non-slip handle for added safety and control. The tool arrives fully assembled, and it is compatible with a standard 1-pound camping propane tank. The variable flame control lets you effortlessly control flame size.
What you should consider: The self-lighter isn’t always reliable, which can be frustrating.
Where to buy: Sold by Home Depot and Wayfair
Worth checking out
AUSAIL 50,000 BTU Propane Weed Torch
AUSAIL 50,000 BTU Propane Weed Torch
What you need to know: This versatile weed torch can handle everything from weed control to blacktop repair.
What you’ll love: This model is lightweight and easy to use. Extra care was taken to ensure the torch has a comfortable balance point. The unit will burn up to an hour on a single 14.1-ounce canister, while the push-button ignition makes lighting up safe and easy.
What you should consider: Although the product’s photo might cause you to think otherwise, this model, like all other weed torches, does not come with a propane tank.
Where to buy: Sold by Amazon
Copyright 2022 BestReviews, a Nexstar company. All rights reserved. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '36', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9156865477561952}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '572808', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LXG4FOUNSZMAM5UHSUTK7DPEYJP7LVHB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:23475f6f-f702-4406-bff3-b88d7c8efb0a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 26, 16, 7, 28), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.66.120', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4NGFW6SHYIXEJ6QCKAT34D4S4FGDKUJS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:44bcc20e-6c19-48da-97d6-5f10ecff0a41>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.wowktv.com/reviews/br/lawn-garden-br/outdoor-power-equipment-br/best-propane-weed-torch/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:950268f8-add1-48dc-9d8d-1f733e044afa>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1302', 'url': 'https://www.wowktv.com/reviews/br/lawn-garden-br/outdoor-power-equipment-br/best-propane-weed-torch/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-177\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04676181077957153', 'original_id': '7afaed5ef8d135731df97e78feeda14b34e4d2d283c6bf0e8e0df0c6aef565a2'} |
<div id="carousel-{{ section.slug | slugify }}" class="row carousel slide z-depth-1-half" data-ride="carousel" {% if section.interval %}data-interval="{{ section.interval }}"{% endif %}>
<!--Indicators-->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
{% for i in (0..section.pictures.size) %}
{% if i == section.pictures.size %}
{% break %}
{% endif %}
{% assign picture = section.pictures[i] %}
<!-- Iterate -->
<li data-target="#carousel-{{ section.slug | slugify }}" data-slide-to="{{ i }}" {% if picture.active %}class="active"{% endif %}></li>
{% endfor%}
</ol>
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
{% for picture in section.pictures %}
<div class="carousel-item {% if picture.active %}active{% endif %}">
<img class="d-block w-100" src="{{ picture.image }}" alt="{{ picture.alt }}">
</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</div>
| the_stack | {'hexsha': 'e949511b4c16dfb77a858d2df5c28d4ae4aec21b', 'size': '901', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': '_includes/block-carousel.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'rofdservices/rofdservices.github.io', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '8c3269b782b670ce1edbc63bd34ce5fd167f88bd', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['Unlicense']", 'max_stars_count': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_path': '_includes/block-carousel.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'rofdservices/rofdservices.github.io', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '8c3269b782b670ce1edbc63bd34ce5fd167f88bd', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['Unlicense']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': '_includes/block-carousel.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'rofdservices/rofdservices.github.io', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '8c3269b782b670ce1edbc63bd34ce5fd167f88bd', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['Unlicense']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '42.9047619048', 'max_line_length': '186', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.5704772475', 'original_id': 'da80263cef6093ae54e868be044c853e4247f91387bd1b30f677a234424b2bc2'} |
Our local council are changing the school day to 9:30 - 15:00 for my youngest son, my eldest in a different school starts at 8:20 and finishes at 15:20.
I believe that children are more productive in the morning but do not have any specific research to confirm this.
• $\begingroup$ I don't know what you're after. If you want to help your children, then the best answer will depend on the person. Some are early risers (larks) and mentally fit early in the morning; others are late risers (owls) and mentally fit in the evening. So even if on average a certain time is the "most productive", for individual children the "most productive" time may well lie elsewhere. As for the average child, google something like google.com/search?q=chronobiology+performance+children $\endgroup$ – user3116 Feb 6 '15 at 10:04
A caveat: "productivity" is not a term used much by cognitive science, so I'll talk about cognition instead. It's not necessarily the same thing, but it's more of an answered question.
And as a general issue: any time a question has "more" in it, the real question is "more than what?" More productive early in the morning than later in the morning? More productive in the morning than the afternoon? More productive in the morning than adults?
There is little work comparing children's cognition across the daily cycle; a good review of mostly adult work can be found here (Chronobiology International (2000), 17(6), 719–732, doi/abs/10.1081/CBI-100102108). Non-experimentally, there is some research supporting the idea that starting school later in the morning--particularly for adolescents--improves performance.
This blog post details an analysis of test scores from Wake County North Carolina (where start times vary), and shows "delaying school start times by one hour, from roughly 7:30 to 8:30, increases standardized test scores by at least 2 percentile points in math and 1 percentile point in reading. The effect is largest for students with below-average test scores, suggesting that later start times would narrow gaps in student achievement." Obviously, there could be major confounds here: we don't know if start times correlate with performance-relevant but unmeasured characteristics--although the author seems to have done a reasonable job of controlling for measured characteristics, and compares students that are similar at similar schools with different start times.
This New York Times article cites several cases where attendance and performance rose after pushing back start times from 7.30 to 8.40, but again, the lack of a controlled comparison means that there's no particular reason to think that generalizations from this case are valid.
There are problems with this approach, of course--for starters, there's no way to control for the effect sleep duration or quality, which might be expected to covary with start time, on performance.
• $\begingroup$ I have been searching for these data like crazy! This is exactly it! +1 $\endgroup$ – AliceD Feb 6 '15 at 13:38
Your Answer
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '40', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9404237866401672}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '130779', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WIVTEOYKL4VGCSNOI2UBXPZHE2SJRCPJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:45fb6fc9-9c9f-46e6-8be2-32fa2bf626c1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 24, 7, 46, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.1.69', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:K7T32UYYWWVHVWACXCCIKSIREBCRMBJO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:08cd7e67-d083-45a9-ac57-e31bf29dd895>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://psychology.stackexchange.com/questions/9212/performance-of-children-at-school-in-the-morning/9213', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:39ebc19d-e9d6-4524-9f96-1124f7eb6f65>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '487', 'url': 'https://psychology.stackexchange.com/questions/9212/performance-of-children-at-school-in-the-morning/9213', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-47-182-244.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.039818763732910156', 'original_id': 'c2bafe1c5ef6a1e23238511e24fed1ecbfa18ddccba5b5a880cac5f42ef49e55'} |
MOT POLL Ballots Listings
General Subject: Constitution
Bergdahl and Terrorist Exchange
Ballot creation date: 06/08/2014
Fact: The US is at war with terrorists defined as members of certain organizations or religious movements. Fact: One of these organizations is based in Afghanistan. Therefore the US refers to warlike hostilities against terrorists in Afghanistan as the War in Afghanistan. Fact: The US President has decided to end the War in Afghanistan by withdrawing most troops. Fact: The terrorist organization in Afghanistan has thus far decided to continue the War in Afghanistan by continuing to provide a place in Afghanistan to support world terrorism with an emphasis on focusing these terrorist actions against the rest of the world and its peoples, cultures, and beliefs. Fact: There have been hundreds of enemy POWs captured by the US since 9/11. Fact: There have been no non-deserting US military personnel established as captured by the enemy as of this date. Fact: The US President designated Sergeant Bergdahl as a Terrorist Prisoner of War and traded five enemy US Prisoners of War for his release. Fact: The President broke existing law with this executive action by not complying with the requirement for Congressional approval prior to a POW exchange.
Reader agrees with most or all of the Facts (Optional)
Analysis and Conclusion relative to theft:
The President’s illegal action was in direct violation of the Presidential oath of office. It constitutes a theft of the trust placed in his future actions by those who voted for him as being beneficial to them. The trade of one soldier of then and now questionable US loyalty in exchange for five major terrorist leaders is a costly trade that is historically treasonous by giving aid and comfort to the enemy. The former can cause little harm upon release to an enemy of the US, the latter five can cause upon release major harm to the US. This MOT Ballot weighs the degree of theft by the President of taxpayer's funds to catch and then unconstitutionally (without Congressional approval) release five dangerous terrorist leaders in exchange for one US soldier of no military value, and of unestablished loyalty to the United States.
Enter your weight of feeling and send
Check one
Average weight of all feelings on this Ballot | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9576736688613892}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '25434', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HKQ5YFCCVTF2TE675IBST266ICTXCC46', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c7ff1331-0d4f-4d5b-b1f0-408a4df45684>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 13, 14, 36, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.116.84.64', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WN4YOGIX6KQE6MYHX2WXDYCNVISRF74Z', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0011f9ae-d9ee-494f-b2a7-7b43a796be24>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.motpoll.com/ballot-details/96', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:37ceee5d-757f-4e41-9a14-85655310201f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '383', 'url': 'http://www.motpoll.com/ballot-details/96', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-168-82-48.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.23451316356658936', 'original_id': '2a3d234ef3718284ecd4b4d192c9c3b0ef2cd4fc8d898aa032dcd5dc1c267f23'} |
Sunday, October 14, 2012
Debt Facts, just the facts.......
If that thieving isn't enough, get a handle on this security fiasco.....
From AP: "Federal authorities are warning merchants to be on the lookout for stolen $100 bills that aren't supposed to go into circulation until next year. The bills were stolen from an airplane that landed in Philadelphia from Dallas Thursday morning. The plane had been transporting money from the Federal Reserve facility in Dallas."
Native American Advisors CHIPPEWA PARTNERS | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '92', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9481430053710938}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '109601', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:C65Y3DMPDJ3XEEVTKEN3P7FO6QLY7JB3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:af43e58a-99bc-4612-bb2e-ae115ff6a4f3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 21, 56, 10), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.239.32.21', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3FGOAEC6H2YTEXOQEZFTZLGB4G57S6RI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:aeb7ae47-edaa-45d5-a66d-fea5802068f4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.deanparisian.com/2012/10/debt-facts-just-facts.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:eac7640d-93c2-4c6b-b223-3a1951af4fa6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '182', 'url': 'https://www.deanparisian.com/2012/10/debt-facts-just-facts.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-198-92.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10341465473175049', 'original_id': 'a9cfd1e1c8634de8fb560b7cf690db5d3757f2342d874e51ca42784897ac6d6f'} |
Food or flight
It had been a beautiful day. Jack stood on Lewes bridge and stared out at the picturesque view down the river. The first shades of dusk cooling down the baking sun, a light breeze rippling the water; it inspired contentment and contemplation.
As it often did in such moments, Jack’s contemplation drifted to his stomach. He decided he would make himself a great meal to round off a great day. As usual he was divided between a healthy and a hearty option. Hamburger or veggie noodles. The yin and yang of his diet.
The greasy beef, dripping cheese, iceberg lettuce in a mayo and ketchup spread crusty bun. The indulgence of a greasy belly, often followed by the guilt of knowing he could have tried harder.
Ginger, garlic, chilli, spring onion, pepper, mushroom and noodles floating in a miso broth. The invigorating freshness of healthy heat that brought a light sweat to the forehead, but a potential rumbling in the stomach later. Maybe a poached egg for extra protein to plug that gap.
The problem was the burger was always more tempting the hungrier he got. Mmmmmmeat. He closed his eyes. His hands gripped the bridge railing, and he teetered slightly thinking about it.
A shriek woke him from his reverie. “For God’s sake, don’t do it!”
Startled, Jack turned to see a man wide-eyed with panic and fear lurching towards him. Jack looked around, the panic contagious, then realised it was he the man was screaming at. He raised up his hands to halt him.
“Okay, okay,” said Jack. “I won’t do it. I’ll eat the noodles.”
The man stopped, and a look of absolute repulsion washed over his face. “Fucking weirdo,” he said, then turned and walked away, barely pausing to spit with disgust over the side of the bridge.
That put a bit of a damper on the day, thought Jack, as he straightened up and wandered off home. Life was misunderstanding, he mused, everyone presuming to know another’s faults, and mostly getting it wrong. It’s not that people were strange, it’s just strange that we don’t accept we are.
What do you think
You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change )
Google+ photo
Twitter picture
Facebook photo
Connecting to %s | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9474152326583862}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '61669', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4T4THCH5FW3EAANS6RWVW3S24DDV44VB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8eb26af5-4dbf-4cc2-881f-73f6af9d3a04>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 21, 49, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:I4VM7AWSSRCFPPEUL5ALIDAD2K4O45WL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1d4c0a74-072e-489e-91f8-e5339e7510f4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://hovepress.com/2016/08/21/food-or-flight/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8353cce6-249a-4057-b7c8-017ed8c2e896>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '404', 'url': 'https://hovepress.com/2016/08/21/food-or-flight/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-234-169.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.055766165256500244', 'original_id': '13ac269cdf131d52d46996574b3099541fd7d059c5a64275bb4f30fb1ceb3383'} |
Bradford Dragons today introduced two new signings to their 2016/17 roster, Florent Levazeux and Antonio Deogratias.
23 year old, 6’7” French forward, Levazeux, has previously played his basketball in the French National third division, with both Hagetmau Doazit Basket and Pays d’Aux Basket. When asked for comment, Levazeux stated, “I am really happy to be joining the Bradford Dragons. It’s an amazing opportunity to come and play for this club, so I’ll do my best, I am motivated! We have a really good team, so I really hope that we can reach the top of the rank, so for that we will have to be hard in defence.”
6’5” Deogratias, is a British forward, who is a product of the Oakland Wolves Basketball Academy, part of Oaklands College in Hertfordshire. For the 2015/16 season Deogratias was on the books of local BBL side Leeds Force, competing in their university development team. “I’m happy that I have the opportunity to work with coach Chris (Mellor) and develop as a player and continue learning about the game,” commented Deogratias. “To compete with this group of guys, day in and day out, is going to be fun but the ultimate goal is to win – nothing less. I feel that with this group of guys we can do it.”
Coach Mellor added, “Antonio is a young player, who I feel has great potential. He obviously lacks experience at this level but he is very committed to getting better and he will definitely get his chance this season to showcase his talents. Florent similarly is showing good signs, early in preseason, that he can also be a factor for us. He’s long and athletic and has a nice touch around the basket and hopefully, if he gets himself in excellent shape in the next few weeks, he can contribute”.
Bradford fans will have their first opportunity to see both of these new signings in action during the clubs pre-season exhibition game against an American Select side. The game will be played at Bradford University Sports Centre on Tuesday 6th September and will tip-off at 7:30pm. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ff9c1f47ee6742a89597613d4d12fa6c8f768c0dbfce631e31769ac09bec9309'} |
Norwell jewish girl personals
National jewish committee on girl scouting 173 likes the national jewish committee on girl scouting, inc is a non-profit organization which works in. 13 things you should know before dating a jewish girl it's not just a bagel it's a lifestyle. Things to know when dating orthodox jewish girls dating an orthodox jewish girl when dating jewish girls, there are a few important things to remember, especially if both parties practice orthodox judaism. Perks of dating a jewish girl buzzfeedvideo loading unsubscribe from buzzfeedvideo cancel unsubscribe working subscribe subscribed. Popular jewish (hebrew) girl names a jewish baby boy’s name is given at his circumcision, and a baby girl’s name is traditionally conferred at the torah.
Find jewish women seeking men listings on oodle classifieds join millions of people using oodle to find great personal ads don't miss what's happening in your neighborhood. Find great deals on ebay for jewish dolls shop with confidence skip to main personalized jewish girl doll soft sculpture handmade doll rag doll hand painted. Single jewish female help (dating jewish in your case), and out pops the soda of our choice clearly, life is not so simple if there would be a direct. Mesa's best 100% free jewish girls dating site meet thousands of single jewish women in mesa with mingle2's free personal ads and chat rooms our network of jewish women in mesa is the perfect place to make friends or find an jewish girlfriend in mesa.
Jwed is for jewish singles who meet selective criteria we look for: authentically jewish legally single genuinely interested in marriage. A few weeks ago, elite daily brought you the 23 qualities your jewish husband must possess it was well-received by all, obviously but we’re not greedy we rachel weisz's and natalie portman's of the world know that in order to snag an adam brody or. Ukraine jewish dating and matchmaking site for ukraine jewish singles and personals find your love in ukraine now. Looking for tips and advice on dating jewish girls you've come to the right place find info here on meeting them and having successful relationships.
Meet jewish singles in your area for dating and romance @ jdatecom - the most popular online jewish dating community. 11 reasons to date a nice jewish girl i am also jewish though, dating a jewish girl can be why a nice jewish girl will be the. Launched in 1997, jdate is one of the first and largest jewish dating sites — with more than 2 million visits a month and 450,000 registered jewish members in the us alone. Norway's best 100% free jewish girls dating site meet thousands of single jewish women in norway with mingle2's free personal ads and chat rooms our network of jewish women in norway is the perfect place to make friends or find an jewish.
They’ve been snatching all the quality jewish men man makes the ideal husband for any girl with hairy men or my dating experiences with furry jewish guys. I was a nice jewish girl looking to date a nice jewish boy when i met him.
Meet jewish singles in norwell interested in meeting new people to date on zoosk over 30 million single people are using zoosk to find people to date. Ukrainian dating site targets traditional jews the two-month-old web site is for jewish singles in ukraine “i dated non-jewish girls in high school.
54 things only jewish girls understand because you're not about to date some loser who hates jewish food on the other hand, dating jewish men drives you a.
Jsingles is your 100% free jewish singles online this site features only real single jewish guys and girls who are interested in dating only jewish.
Meet single men in norwell ma online & chat in the forums dhu is a 100% free dating site to find single men in norwell meet jewish singles in boston. Norwell's best 100% free online dating site meet loads of available single women in norwell with mingle2's norwell dating services find a girlfriend or lover in norwell, or just have fun flirting online with norwell single girls. This page explains the jewish attitudes towards non-jews judaism 101 a jewish dating network, because they specifically want to date and marry a jew. Things you should know about dating a jewish girl a few things before getting into a relationship with a girl of the hebrew a good jewish joke as much as the. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0a6f7e5234e332ea7380423620edea2a9174cb38807f4df046fe8adf4fc0abc5'} |
\section{Membership Relation is Not Symmetric}
Tags: Membership Relation
\begin{theorem}
Let $\Bbb S$ be a set of sets in the context of pure set theory
Let $\RR$ denote the membership relation on $\Bbb S$:
:$\forall \tuple {a, b} \in \Bbb S \times \Bbb S: \tuple {a, b} \in \RR \iff a \in b$
$\RR$ is not in general a symmetric relation.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
In the extreme pathological edge case:
:$S = \set S$
it is seen that:
:$S \in S$
and so:
:$\forall x \in S: \tuple {a, b} \in \RR \implies \tuple {b, a} \in \RR$
demonstrating that $\RR$ is symmetric in this specific case.
However, in this case $\set S$ is a set on which the Axiom of Foundation does not apply.
This is seen in Set is Not Element of Itself.
Hence this set is not supported by Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory.
Consider the set:
:$T = \set {\O, \set \O}$
Then we immediately see that while:
:$\O \in \set \O$
we have that:
:$\set \O \notin \O$
and so $\RR$ is seen to be not symmetric.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': 'b918b6c2d0335164b9e6e0b9c8dd6edf13b4fd51d2f3965f439e76507c112261'} |
Created by ad agency FCB Chicago, an 80-second long-form video was whittled down to a 30-second spot for the TV campaign. The spot features a distinctively Chicago voice urging visitors to be "part of something epic," incorporating scenes of Divvy bikes, Lollapalooza, North Avenue Beach, Wicker Park and Alinea, recently named the best restaurant in the world by Elite Traveler. The forearms of renowned mixologist Charles Joly, which feature a tattoo of the Chicago flag, also have a starring role. Michael Jordan, the Chicago Theatre marquee and even the Chicago skyline ended up on the cutting-room floor for the edited TV spot. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b3c998cafa9cf4be5ff50e7ca2ee25b62d504db8e1ddc3d23b567d032419d61c'} |
Singing in worship with the right purpose
A young boy and his mother were on their way home after attending the opera when the boy said, “Mom, that man who did all the singing must think a lot of himself.” “Why would you say something like that?” the mother asked. “Because”, he replied, “Every time the man started to sing, he’d say ‘Me, Me, Me, Meee.'”
We don’t know exactly what songs the first century church had a habit of singing together. We have the book of Psalms, there are sections of scripture that are thought of as recognizable doxologies, and we even have a moment or two when the New Testament scriptures explicitly say certain individuals were singing. But for the most part we don’t have a numbered list of songs (i.e. a modern-day songbook) that identifies what the early church used in worship.
Although we may not be able to “confidently” identify any of the first century church’s songs, we can identify how they were meant to sing … and it wasn’t with the purpose of making it all about, “Me, Me, Me, Meee.”
speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord,” (Ephesians 5:19 NKJV)
Nothing about the singing of the early church was meant to be egocentric; it was quite the opposite! The early church’s purpose of singing in worship was to remind one another about the higher purpose of living in God’s calling (which is the context of Ephesians 5:19) and to bring, and give, glory to God within their heart. And if our modern-day purpose falls short of the same standard, then it doesn’t matter what song we’re singing, we’re making it about us and not about what God desires.
#singing, #spiritual-illustration, #worship | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '12', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9646242260932922}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '251060', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SB7AX43XVC4E44CB4YTKKGHGEG5RCEKV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8ed73a92-732c-44d2-8daa-a3c50197e557>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 8, 5, 34, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '143.95.39.87', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GYLXYTXM5D2EDFFVOBHN7MPSJOENTET6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ca4ea3a9-d34e-4708-9e57-80a683c00d14>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://fellowshiproom.com/singing-in-worship-with-the-right-purpose/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d70bbbdf-675d-4328-b4ef-c19f0aababdf>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '287', 'url': 'http://fellowshiproom.com/singing-in-worship-with-the-right-purpose/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February/March 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-128.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02056354284286499', 'original_id': '7a3ee06d134762c79be56e0a6bf366132bf307311a39d41aea09256c320e3c29'} |
Let the Children Play
I love my nephews to death, and while I am that stereotypical doting aunt who lets them get away with everything - well most of the time - now and then, I am also sensible when it comes to proper "parenting".
The other day, my sister shared the photo above on Facebook. I am probably biased, but my nephews are on the higher end of the intelligence spectrum. And I suppose that allowing them to play on their own, drawing on their imagination has a huge role in that.
Four-year-old Eli, for example, has this way of "being" someone - or something - else. He has these moments when he'll just be rolled in a ball on the grass moving, saying he's an armadillo. True story - my sister told me this happened in school and the other parents were saying to stop him as he would get dirty and all that. When they were told what Eli was doing, their reaction was along the lines of "what a weird thing to do".
Then there's his penchant for drawing - just like any other child, I suppose. The thing is, he's pretty much left alone with what he wants to do.
One time, in Sunday school, they were asked to color a picture of Jesus and the blind man. You know what he did? He colored the blind man green and said it was a zombie and that Jesus kills zombies.
I know that's way off the mark, but...
These anecdotes are but an indication that children should be given as much free reign as possible when it comes to play and creativity. More so, they need to learn early on to take on responsibilities. This will shape them into responsible, well-adjusted adults.
Teaching responsibilities can be as simple as throwing a candy wrapper in the trash instead of leaving it on the floor, packing up their toys when they're done, or eating their vegetables (if they don't like that).
They should also be provided tools and rewards that will encourage them: their own Sketchpads (old school paper ones) and personalized pencils for kids for creative activities.
Of course, there's also the outdoors. More than iPads, coloring books, writing pads, and pens, items like balls, bikes, scooters, and similar things should be part of the arsenal.
Check this out.
That's Sam, the eldest, who couldn't stand up on his own at age 8 or 9. With therapy and lots of support, look at what he's doing now. (He's got someone right behind him to catch him in case he falls.)
I don't know why I'm thinking and writing about children when I don't have one - nor do I plan to have one. Perhaps because I have been feeling low lately and thinking that life is borked. Then I think of the children. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9855973124504088}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '104547', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:COUHKVUO5LCDTJRFEGB7XLQBCPPWXR52', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:93f2d6b5-7262-4610-9848-71be80b835bd>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 23, 38, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.8.19', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:DTO7MZ2SLQ7KH2LOGJXZ3YQZYMZUHUYD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7b168965-fe3d-4193-9259-80409269a01d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.dreamwalkersworld.com/2015/10/let-children-play.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d41f466b-9e0e-45e2-9d6f-c6950ebb49dd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '463', 'url': 'http://www.dreamwalkersworld.com/2015/10/let-children-play.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03971463441848755', 'original_id': '1f73de120e87b03108be60b2074afed2cd8402ed410b44be9143f5dcbee8f7df'} |
New Jersey Gun Case Exposes 'Patchwork' of State Laws, Experts Say
"I don't think there are words yet invented that could characterize the -- I guess anger would be one word, but it's a lot deeper than anger," Larry Aitken told on Wednesday. "Whatever the word is that's a combination of anger, shock, disbelief, horror and a desire to expose all of this -- that's the word.
"This can't happen. I won't let this happen to my son."
Morley, for his part, told on Wednesday that his recollection of the trial record did "not establish" that [Aitken] was in the process of moving. He declined further comment.
In an email to, Joel Bewley, a spokesman for the Burlington County Prosecutor's Office, said "no evidence" was presented during the trial to support Aitken's claim that he was moving at the time of his arrest. And despite an appearance on's "Strategy Room" in August 2009 to discuss his case, Aitken did not testify at his trial.
"However, his roommate testified that they had been sharing the Hoboken apartment since June 2008, and that he had seen the guns at the apartment in September 2008," Bewley wrote. "[Aitken's] mother testified that he had been living in Hoboken and working in New York City since June 2008. This incident occurred in January 2009."
Regarding Aitken's interview on the case, Bewley wrote: "While we fully recognize the defendant has a right not to testify, it is difficult to understand why he would grant an interview on national television yet choose not to explain his actions to a jury when his liberty was at stake."
Nappen, meanwhile, says Aitken's case "absolutely" shows how states' differing gun laws can put well-intentioned gun owners at risk.
"There's a wide patchwork of gun laws between various jurisdictions, and in some states, it can differ from a local town that passes an ordinance to another town," said Nappen, who also cited New Jersey's mandatory minimum sentences for weapons charges. "That's why it's so Draconian in its application and how you end up with a Brian Aitken situation."
According to a 2009 rating system by the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, New Jersey is one of six states with the most restrictive gun laws in the U.S.. The others are California, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland and New York.
Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Kentucky, Oklahoma and Utah have the least restrictive gun laws, according to the rating system.
In New Jersey, a person must have a purchaser's permit and a carry permit to have a handgun in his or her car, neither of which Aitken had at the time of his arrest. But in Colorado, where he purchased the handguns, all he needed was a permit to carry concealed weapons; neither a purchaser's permit nor a license was required. Other states, including Florida and Texas, do not require purchaser's permits but mandate that gun owners obtain licenses to carry handguns openly.
According to the National Rifle Association's Institute for Legislative Action, out-of-state permits in New Jersey are technically available for non-residents, but they are rarely granted. A total of 15 states, including Arizona, Idaho and Kansas, recognize New Jersey permits, while New Jersey itself does not recognize licenses from other states.
Aitken is not the most recent gun-carrier to learn the hard way that gun permits are typically not transferrable to other states.
James High, 71, of Duluth, Ga., was charged with unlawful possession of a weapon on Oct. 29 when an officer found a gun on the front seat of his car in Madison, N.J., according to the Madison Eagle. High had been locked out of his car and sought assistance from a police officer, who found the handgun, which was properly licensed in Georgia. High was released after posting bail, pending a mandatory court appearance, the newspaper reported.
And just last week in Boyton Beach, Fla., a 49-year-old man was charged with two counts of carrying a concealed firearm and three counts of carrying a prohibited weapon after he was spotted carrying a holstered .40-caliber Glock handgun with a 30-round magazine at a Walmart store. The gun's owner, Christopher Scott, said he had a valid permit in Arizona and thought it was reciprocal in Florida, the Palm Beach Post reported.
Rachel Parsons, a spokeswoman for the National Rifle Association, said those cases collectively highlight the need for gun owners to pay close attention to the varying laws across the country.
"When you have a patchwork of gun laws within the country, and when you're crossing state lines, it gets very confusing and it makes it nearly impossible to comply," Parsons told "We do hear about these cases and that's why the NRA has a civil rights defense fund for people who are charged but are not criminals."
"The burden of the law should be on true criminals," Parsons said, "and not on individuals who are trying to follow the law, especially in times when our justice system is overtaxed." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '360', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9850876331329346}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '97568', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EKKEZSCCFQE4BZRJED374774SSFRCFGK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:944d5027-d670-4add-a916-42cd528c87a1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 24, 9, 32, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.121.88.198', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4BTHNLIZZDTLOPN7POTLFB5LVRYCOUBM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1dfc5da0-925f-489f-b4d3-e5e7ae49d1d5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.foxnews.com/us/new-jersey-gun-case-exposes-patchwork-of-state-laws-experts-say', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e711eef7-e690-4475-bc92-e50b02706cd3>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1170', 'url': 'https://www.foxnews.com/us/new-jersey-gun-case-exposes-patchwork-of-state-laws-experts-say', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-93\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03376054763793945', 'original_id': '57e8269fed1d23c6c0a4eb0ef17649c52a6a61fe67c3e1d3a53d213caa9139ac'} |
WALLACE: How hard do you think President Obama would be to defeat in 2012? PALIN: It depends on a few things, say he played — I got this from Buchanan — say he played the war card. Say he decided to declare war on Iran or decide to really come out and do whatever he could to support Israel–which I would like him to do. That changes the dynamics of what we can assume will happen between now and three years. Because I think if the election were today, Obama would not be elected.
WALLACE: You’re not suggesting that Obama would cynically play the war card? PALIN: I’m not suggesting that, I’m saying if he did, things would dramatically change if he decided to toughen up and do all that he can to secure our nation and secure our allies. I think people would shift their thinking a bit.
The question Wallace asked was basically "what does Obama need to do to win in 2012". The question Palin answered, also too, was "what does Obama need to do get votes from teabagging nutjobs like you?"
Only if she were answering that question does her answer make any sense whatsoever. Because God knows that every red-blooded teabagger loves them some war against Ay-rabs. If it involves killin' Ay-rabs, that's okayfine by them, you betchya.
It's a scary and depressing thought that there might, just maybe, be enough people in this country that a far right wing actress like Sarah Palin could earn the Republican nomination for president.
It's enough to make you start taking German lessons. Or French. Or Spanish.
I'm just sayin'... | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'eb0726a26a733f923e6d7b689a6cbf560c128986b8c2d0c6ce83300e3588a787'} |
// Copyright 2015 The etcd Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package etcdserver
import (
"context"
"encoding/json"
"expvar"
"fmt"
"math"
"math/rand"
"net/http"
"os"
"path"
"regexp"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/alarm"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/auth"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/compactor"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/discovery"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/etcdserver/api"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/etcdserver/api/v2http/httptypes"
pb "github.com/coreos/etcd/etcdserver/etcdserverpb"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/etcdserver/membership"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/etcdserver/stats"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/lease"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/lease/leasehttp"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/mvcc"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/mvcc/backend"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/pkg/fileutil"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/pkg/idutil"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/pkg/pbutil"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/pkg/runtime"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/pkg/schedule"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/pkg/types"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/pkg/wait"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/raft"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/raft/raftpb"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/rafthttp"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/snap"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/store"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/version"
"github.com/coreos/etcd/wal"
"github.com/coreos/go-semver/semver"
"github.com/coreos/pkg/capnslog"
)
const (
DefaultSnapCount = 100000
StoreClusterPrefix = "/0"
StoreKeysPrefix = "/1"
// HealthInterval is the minimum time the cluster should be healthy
// before accepting add member requests.
HealthInterval = 5 * time.Second
purgeFileInterval = 30 * time.Second
// monitorVersionInterval should be smaller than the timeout
// on the connection. Or we will not be able to reuse the connection
// (since it will timeout).
monitorVersionInterval = rafthttp.ConnWriteTimeout - time.Second
// max number of in-flight snapshot messages etcdserver allows to have
// This number is more than enough for most clusters with 5 machines.
maxInFlightMsgSnap = 16
releaseDelayAfterSnapshot = 30 * time.Second
// maxPendingRevokes is the maximum number of outstanding expired lease revocations.
maxPendingRevokes = 16
recommendedMaxRequestBytes = 10 * 1024 * 1024
)
var (
plog = capnslog.NewPackageLogger("github.com/coreos/etcd", "etcdserver")
storeMemberAttributeRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(path.Join(membership.StoreMembersPrefix, "[[:xdigit:]]{1,16}", "attributes"))
)
func init() {
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
expvar.Publish(
"file_descriptor_limit",
expvar.Func(
func() interface{} {
n, _ := runtime.FDLimit()
return n
},
),
)
}
type Response struct {
Term uint64
Index uint64
Event *store.Event
Watcher store.Watcher
Err error
}
type ServerV2 interface {
Server
// Do takes a V2 request and attempts to fulfill it, returning a Response.
Do(ctx context.Context, r pb.Request) (Response, error)
stats.Stats
ClientCertAuthEnabled() bool
}
type ServerV3 interface {
Server
ID() types.ID
RaftTimer
}
func (s *EtcdServer) ClientCertAuthEnabled() bool { return s.Cfg.ClientCertAuthEnabled }
type Server interface {
// Leader returns the ID of the leader Server.
Leader() types.ID
// AddMember attempts to add a member into the cluster. It will return
// ErrIDRemoved if member ID is removed from the cluster, or return
// ErrIDExists if member ID exists in the cluster.
AddMember(ctx context.Context, memb membership.Member) ([]*membership.Member, error)
// RemoveMember attempts to remove a member from the cluster. It will
// return ErrIDRemoved if member ID is removed from the cluster, or return
// ErrIDNotFound if member ID is not in the cluster.
RemoveMember(ctx context.Context, id uint64) ([]*membership.Member, error)
// UpdateMember attempts to update an existing member in the cluster. It will
// return ErrIDNotFound if the member ID does not exist.
UpdateMember(ctx context.Context, updateMemb membership.Member) ([]*membership.Member, error)
// ClusterVersion is the cluster-wide minimum major.minor version.
// Cluster version is set to the min version that an etcd member is
// compatible with when first bootstrap.
//
// ClusterVersion is nil until the cluster is bootstrapped (has a quorum).
//
// During a rolling upgrades, the ClusterVersion will be updated
// automatically after a sync. (5 second by default)
//
// The API/raft component can utilize ClusterVersion to determine if
// it can accept a client request or a raft RPC.
// NOTE: ClusterVersion might be nil when etcd 2.1 works with etcd 2.0 and
// the leader is etcd 2.0. etcd 2.0 leader will not update clusterVersion since
// this feature is introduced post 2.0.
ClusterVersion() *semver.Version
Cluster() api.Cluster
Alarms() []*pb.AlarmMember
}
// EtcdServer is the production implementation of the Server interface
type EtcdServer struct {
// inflightSnapshots holds count the number of snapshots currently inflight.
inflightSnapshots int64 // must use atomic operations to access; keep 64-bit aligned.
appliedIndex uint64 // must use atomic operations to access; keep 64-bit aligned.
committedIndex uint64 // must use atomic operations to access; keep 64-bit aligned.
// consistIndex used to hold the offset of current executing entry
// It is initialized to 0 before executing any entry.
consistIndex consistentIndex // must use atomic operations to access; keep 64-bit aligned.
r raftNode // uses 64-bit atomics; keep 64-bit aligned.
readych chan struct{}
Cfg ServerConfig
w wait.Wait
readMu sync.RWMutex
// read routine notifies etcd server that it waits for reading by sending an empty struct to
// readwaitC
readwaitc chan struct{}
// readNotifier is used to notify the read routine that it can process the request
// when there is no error
readNotifier *notifier
// stop signals the run goroutine should shutdown.
stop chan struct{}
// stopping is closed by run goroutine on shutdown.
stopping chan struct{}
// done is closed when all goroutines from start() complete.
done chan struct{}
errorc chan error
id types.ID
attributes membership.Attributes
cluster *membership.RaftCluster
store store.Store
snapshotter *snap.Snapshotter
applyV2 ApplierV2
// applyV3 is the applier with auth and quotas
applyV3 applierV3
// applyV3Base is the core applier without auth or quotas
applyV3Base applierV3
applyWait wait.WaitTime
kv mvcc.ConsistentWatchableKV
lessor lease.Lessor
bemu sync.Mutex
be backend.Backend
authStore auth.AuthStore
alarmStore *alarm.AlarmStore
stats *stats.ServerStats
lstats *stats.LeaderStats
SyncTicker *time.Ticker
// compactor is used to auto-compact the KV.
compactor compactor.Compactor
// peerRt used to send requests (version, lease) to peers.
peerRt http.RoundTripper
reqIDGen *idutil.Generator
// forceVersionC is used to force the version monitor loop
// to detect the cluster version immediately.
forceVersionC chan struct{}
// wgMu blocks concurrent waitgroup mutation while server stopping
wgMu sync.RWMutex
// wg is used to wait for the go routines that depends on the server state
// to exit when stopping the server.
wg sync.WaitGroup
// ctx is used for etcd-initiated requests that may need to be canceled
// on etcd server shutdown.
ctx context.Context
cancel context.CancelFunc
leadTimeMu sync.RWMutex
leadElectedTime time.Time
}
// NewServer creates a new EtcdServer from the supplied configuration. The
// configuration is considered static for the lifetime of the EtcdServer.
func NewServer(cfg ServerConfig) (srv *EtcdServer, err error) {
st := store.New(StoreClusterPrefix, StoreKeysPrefix)
var (
w *wal.WAL
n raft.Node
s *raft.MemoryStorage
id types.ID
cl *membership.RaftCluster
)
if cfg.MaxRequestBytes > recommendedMaxRequestBytes {
plog.Warningf("MaxRequestBytes %v exceeds maximum recommended size %v", cfg.MaxRequestBytes, recommendedMaxRequestBytes)
}
if terr := fileutil.TouchDirAll(cfg.DataDir); terr != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot access data directory: %v", terr)
}
haveWAL := wal.Exist(cfg.WALDir())
if err = fileutil.TouchDirAll(cfg.SnapDir()); err != nil {
plog.Fatalf("create snapshot directory error: %v", err)
}
ss := snap.New(cfg.SnapDir())
bepath := cfg.backendPath()
beExist := fileutil.Exist(bepath)
be := openBackend(cfg)
defer func() {
if err != nil {
be.Close()
}
}()
prt, err := rafthttp.NewRoundTripper(cfg.PeerTLSInfo, cfg.peerDialTimeout())
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
var (
remotes []*membership.Member
snapshot *raftpb.Snapshot
)
switch {
case !haveWAL && !cfg.NewCluster:
if err = cfg.VerifyJoinExisting(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cl, err = membership.NewClusterFromURLsMap(cfg.InitialClusterToken, cfg.InitialPeerURLsMap)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
existingCluster, gerr := GetClusterFromRemotePeers(getRemotePeerURLs(cl, cfg.Name), prt)
if gerr != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot fetch cluster info from peer urls: %v", gerr)
}
if err = membership.ValidateClusterAndAssignIDs(cl, existingCluster); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error validating peerURLs %s: %v", existingCluster, err)
}
if !isCompatibleWithCluster(cl, cl.MemberByName(cfg.Name).ID, prt) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("incompatible with current running cluster")
}
remotes = existingCluster.Members()
cl.SetID(existingCluster.ID())
cl.SetStore(st)
cl.SetBackend(be)
cfg.Print()
id, n, s, w = startNode(cfg, cl, nil)
case !haveWAL && cfg.NewCluster:
if err = cfg.VerifyBootstrap(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cl, err = membership.NewClusterFromURLsMap(cfg.InitialClusterToken, cfg.InitialPeerURLsMap)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
m := cl.MemberByName(cfg.Name)
if isMemberBootstrapped(cl, cfg.Name, prt, cfg.bootstrapTimeout()) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("member %s has already been bootstrapped", m.ID)
}
if cfg.ShouldDiscover() {
var str string
str, err = discovery.JoinCluster(cfg.DiscoveryURL, cfg.DiscoveryProxy, m.ID, cfg.InitialPeerURLsMap.String())
if err != nil {
return nil, &DiscoveryError{Op: "join", Err: err}
}
var urlsmap types.URLsMap
urlsmap, err = types.NewURLsMap(str)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if checkDuplicateURL(urlsmap) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("discovery cluster %s has duplicate url", urlsmap)
}
if cl, err = membership.NewClusterFromURLsMap(cfg.InitialClusterToken, urlsmap); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
cl.SetStore(st)
cl.SetBackend(be)
cfg.PrintWithInitial()
id, n, s, w = startNode(cfg, cl, cl.MemberIDs())
case haveWAL:
if err = fileutil.IsDirWriteable(cfg.MemberDir()); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write to member directory: %v", err)
}
if err = fileutil.IsDirWriteable(cfg.WALDir()); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write to WAL directory: %v", err)
}
if cfg.ShouldDiscover() {
plog.Warningf("discovery token ignored since a cluster has already been initialized. Valid log found at %q", cfg.WALDir())
}
snapshot, err = ss.Load()
if err != nil && err != snap.ErrNoSnapshot {
return nil, err
}
if snapshot != nil {
if err = st.Recovery(snapshot.Data); err != nil {
plog.Panicf("recovered store from snapshot error: %v", err)
}
plog.Infof("recovered store from snapshot at index %d", snapshot.Metadata.Index)
if be, err = recoverSnapshotBackend(cfg, be, *snapshot); err != nil {
plog.Panicf("recovering backend from snapshot error: %v", err)
}
}
cfg.Print()
if !cfg.ForceNewCluster {
id, cl, n, s, w = restartNode(cfg, snapshot)
} else {
id, cl, n, s, w = restartAsStandaloneNode(cfg, snapshot)
}
cl.SetStore(st)
cl.SetBackend(be)
cl.Recover(api.UpdateCapability)
if cl.Version() != nil && !cl.Version().LessThan(semver.Version{Major: 3}) && !beExist {
os.RemoveAll(bepath)
return nil, fmt.Errorf("database file (%v) of the backend is missing", bepath)
}
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported bootstrap config")
}
if terr := fileutil.TouchDirAll(cfg.MemberDir()); terr != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot access member directory: %v", terr)
}
sstats := stats.NewServerStats(cfg.Name, id.String())
lstats := stats.NewLeaderStats(id.String())
heartbeat := time.Duration(cfg.TickMs) * time.Millisecond
srv = &EtcdServer{
readych: make(chan struct{}),
Cfg: cfg,
errorc: make(chan error, 1),
store: st,
snapshotter: ss,
r: *newRaftNode(
raftNodeConfig{
isIDRemoved: func(id uint64) bool { return cl.IsIDRemoved(types.ID(id)) },
Node: n,
heartbeat: heartbeat,
raftStorage: s,
storage: NewStorage(w, ss),
},
),
id: id,
attributes: membership.Attributes{Name: cfg.Name, ClientURLs: cfg.ClientURLs.StringSlice()},
cluster: cl,
stats: sstats,
lstats: lstats,
SyncTicker: time.NewTicker(500 * time.Millisecond),
peerRt: prt,
reqIDGen: idutil.NewGenerator(uint16(id), time.Now()),
forceVersionC: make(chan struct{}),
}
srv.applyV2 = &applierV2store{store: srv.store, cluster: srv.cluster}
srv.be = be
minTTL := time.Duration((3*cfg.ElectionTicks)/2) * heartbeat
// always recover lessor before kv. When we recover the mvcc.KV it will reattach keys to its leases.
// If we recover mvcc.KV first, it will attach the keys to the wrong lessor before it recovers.
srv.lessor = lease.NewLessor(srv.be, int64(math.Ceil(minTTL.Seconds())))
srv.kv = mvcc.New(srv.be, srv.lessor, &srv.consistIndex)
if beExist {
kvindex := srv.kv.ConsistentIndex()
// TODO: remove kvindex != 0 checking when we do not expect users to upgrade
// etcd from pre-3.0 release.
if snapshot != nil && kvindex < snapshot.Metadata.Index {
if kvindex != 0 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("database file (%v index %d) does not match with snapshot (index %d).", bepath, kvindex, snapshot.Metadata.Index)
}
plog.Warningf("consistent index never saved (snapshot index=%d)", snapshot.Metadata.Index)
}
}
newSrv := srv // since srv == nil in defer if srv is returned as nil
defer func() {
// closing backend without first closing kv can cause
// resumed compactions to fail with closed tx errors
if err != nil {
newSrv.kv.Close()
}
}()
srv.consistIndex.setConsistentIndex(srv.kv.ConsistentIndex())
tp, err := auth.NewTokenProvider(cfg.AuthToken,
func(index uint64) <-chan struct{} {
return srv.applyWait.Wait(index)
},
)
if err != nil {
plog.Errorf("failed to create token provider: %s", err)
return nil, err
}
srv.authStore = auth.NewAuthStore(srv.be, tp)
if num := cfg.AutoCompactionRetention; num != 0 {
srv.compactor, err = compactor.New(cfg.AutoCompactionMode, num, srv.kv, srv)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
srv.compactor.Run()
}
srv.applyV3Base = srv.newApplierV3Backend()
if err = srv.restoreAlarms(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// TODO: move transport initialization near the definition of remote
tr := &rafthttp.Transport{
TLSInfo: cfg.PeerTLSInfo,
DialTimeout: cfg.peerDialTimeout(),
ID: id,
URLs: cfg.PeerURLs,
ClusterID: cl.ID(),
Raft: srv,
Snapshotter: ss,
ServerStats: sstats,
LeaderStats: lstats,
ErrorC: srv.errorc,
}
if err = tr.Start(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// add all remotes into transport
for _, m := range remotes {
if m.ID != id {
tr.AddRemote(m.ID, m.PeerURLs)
}
}
for _, m := range cl.Members() {
if m.ID != id {
tr.AddPeer(m.ID, m.PeerURLs)
}
}
srv.r.transport = tr
return srv, nil
}
// Start performs any initialization of the Server necessary for it to
// begin serving requests. It must be called before Do or Process.
// Start must be non-blocking; any long-running server functionality
// should be implemented in goroutines.
func (s *EtcdServer) Start() {
s.start()
s.goAttach(func() { s.publish(s.Cfg.ReqTimeout()) })
s.goAttach(s.purgeFile)
s.goAttach(func() { monitorFileDescriptor(s.stopping) })
s.goAttach(s.monitorVersions)
s.goAttach(s.linearizableReadLoop)
s.goAttach(s.monitorKVHash)
}
// start prepares and starts server in a new goroutine. It is no longer safe to
// modify a server's fields after it has been sent to Start.
// This function is just used for testing.
func (s *EtcdServer) start() {
if s.Cfg.SnapCount == 0 {
plog.Infof("set snapshot count to default %d", DefaultSnapCount)
s.Cfg.SnapCount = DefaultSnapCount
}
s.w = wait.New()
s.applyWait = wait.NewTimeList()
s.done = make(chan struct{})
s.stop = make(chan struct{})
s.stopping = make(chan struct{})
s.ctx, s.cancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
s.readwaitc = make(chan struct{}, 1)
s.readNotifier = newNotifier()
if s.ClusterVersion() != nil {
plog.Infof("starting server... [version: %v, cluster version: %v]", version.Version, version.Cluster(s.ClusterVersion().String()))
} else {
plog.Infof("starting server... [version: %v, cluster version: to_be_decided]", version.Version)
}
// TODO: if this is an empty log, writes all peer infos
// into the first entry
go s.run()
}
func (s *EtcdServer) purgeFile() {
var dberrc, serrc, werrc <-chan error
if s.Cfg.MaxSnapFiles > 0 {
dberrc = fileutil.PurgeFile(s.Cfg.SnapDir(), "snap.db", s.Cfg.MaxSnapFiles, purgeFileInterval, s.done)
serrc = fileutil.PurgeFile(s.Cfg.SnapDir(), "snap", s.Cfg.MaxSnapFiles, purgeFileInterval, s.done)
}
if s.Cfg.MaxWALFiles > 0 {
werrc = fileutil.PurgeFile(s.Cfg.WALDir(), "wal", s.Cfg.MaxWALFiles, purgeFileInterval, s.done)
}
select {
case e := <-dberrc:
plog.Fatalf("failed to purge snap db file %v", e)
case e := <-serrc:
plog.Fatalf("failed to purge snap file %v", e)
case e := <-werrc:
plog.Fatalf("failed to purge wal file %v", e)
case <-s.stopping:
return
}
}
func (s *EtcdServer) ID() types.ID { return s.id }
func (s *EtcdServer) Cluster() api.Cluster { return s.cluster }
func (s *EtcdServer) ApplyWait() <-chan struct{} { return s.applyWait.Wait(s.getCommittedIndex()) }
type ServerPeer interface {
ServerV2
RaftHandler() http.Handler
LeaseHandler() http.Handler
}
func (s *EtcdServer) LeaseHandler() http.Handler {
if s.lessor == nil {
return nil
}
return leasehttp.NewHandler(s.lessor, s.ApplyWait)
}
func (s *EtcdServer) RaftHandler() http.Handler { return s.r.transport.Handler() }
// Process takes a raft message and applies it to the server's raft state
// machine, respecting any timeout of the given context.
func (s *EtcdServer) Process(ctx context.Context, m raftpb.Message) error {
if s.cluster.IsIDRemoved(types.ID(m.From)) {
plog.Warningf("reject message from removed member %s", types.ID(m.From).String())
return httptypes.NewHTTPError(http.StatusForbidden, "cannot process message from removed member")
}
if m.Type == raftpb.MsgApp {
s.stats.RecvAppendReq(types.ID(m.From).String(), m.Size())
}
return s.r.Step(ctx, m)
}
func (s *EtcdServer) IsIDRemoved(id uint64) bool { return s.cluster.IsIDRemoved(types.ID(id)) }
func (s *EtcdServer) ReportUnreachable(id uint64) { s.r.ReportUnreachable(id) }
// ReportSnapshot reports snapshot sent status to the raft state machine,
// and clears the used snapshot from the snapshot store.
func (s *EtcdServer) ReportSnapshot(id uint64, status raft.SnapshotStatus) {
s.r.ReportSnapshot(id, status)
}
type etcdProgress struct {
confState raftpb.ConfState
snapi uint64
appliedt uint64
appliedi uint64
}
// raftReadyHandler contains a set of EtcdServer operations to be called by raftNode,
// and helps decouple state machine logic from Raft algorithms.
// TODO: add a state machine interface to apply the commit entries and do snapshot/recover
type raftReadyHandler struct {
updateLeadership func(newLeader bool)
updateCommittedIndex func(uint64)
}
func (s *EtcdServer) run() {
sn, err := s.r.raftStorage.Snapshot()
if err != nil {
plog.Panicf("get snapshot from raft storage error: %v", err)
}
// asynchronously accept apply packets, dispatch progress in-order
sched := schedule.NewFIFOScheduler()
var (
smu sync.RWMutex
syncC <-chan time.Time
)
setSyncC := func(ch <-chan time.Time) {
smu.Lock()
syncC = ch
smu.Unlock()
}
getSyncC := func() (ch <-chan time.Time) {
smu.RLock()
ch = syncC
smu.RUnlock()
return
}
rh := &raftReadyHandler{
updateLeadership: func(newLeader bool) {
if !s.isLeader() {
if s.lessor != nil {
s.lessor.Demote()
}
if s.compactor != nil {
s.compactor.Pause()
}
setSyncC(nil)
} else {
if newLeader {
t := time.Now()
s.leadTimeMu.Lock()
s.leadElectedTime = t
s.leadTimeMu.Unlock()
}
setSyncC(s.SyncTicker.C)
if s.compactor != nil {
s.compactor.Resume()
}
}
// TODO: remove the nil checking
// current test utility does not provide the stats
if s.stats != nil {
s.stats.BecomeLeader()
}
},
updateCommittedIndex: func(ci uint64) {
cci := s.getCommittedIndex()
if ci > cci {
s.setCommittedIndex(ci)
}
},
}
s.r.start(rh)
ep := etcdProgress{
confState: sn.Metadata.ConfState,
snapi: sn.Metadata.Index,
appliedt: sn.Metadata.Term,
appliedi: sn.Metadata.Index,
}
defer func() {
s.wgMu.Lock() // block concurrent waitgroup adds in goAttach while stopping
close(s.stopping)
s.wgMu.Unlock()
s.cancel()
sched.Stop()
// wait for gouroutines before closing raft so wal stays open
s.wg.Wait()
s.SyncTicker.Stop()
// must stop raft after scheduler-- etcdserver can leak rafthttp pipelines
// by adding a peer after raft stops the transport
s.r.stop()
// kv, lessor and backend can be nil if running without v3 enabled
// or running unit tests.
if s.lessor != nil {
s.lessor.Stop()
}
if s.kv != nil {
s.kv.Close()
}
if s.authStore != nil {
s.authStore.Close()
}
if s.be != nil {
s.be.Close()
}
if s.compactor != nil {
s.compactor.Stop()
}
close(s.done)
}()
var expiredLeaseC <-chan []*lease.Lease
if s.lessor != nil {
expiredLeaseC = s.lessor.ExpiredLeasesC()
}
for {
select {
case ap := <-s.r.apply():
f := func(context.Context) { s.applyAll(&ep, &ap) }
sched.Schedule(f)
case leases := <-expiredLeaseC:
s.goAttach(func() {
// Increases throughput of expired leases deletion process through parallelization
c := make(chan struct{}, maxPendingRevokes)
for _, lease := range leases {
select {
case c <- struct{}{}:
case <-s.stopping:
return
}
lid := lease.ID
s.goAttach(func() {
ctx := s.authStore.WithRoot(s.ctx)
s.LeaseRevoke(ctx, &pb.LeaseRevokeRequest{ID: int64(lid)})
leaseExpired.Inc()
<-c
})
}
})
case err := <-s.errorc:
plog.Errorf("%s", err)
plog.Infof("the data-dir used by this member must be removed.")
return
case <-getSyncC():
if s.store.HasTTLKeys() {
s.sync(s.Cfg.ReqTimeout())
}
case <-s.stop:
return
}
}
}
func (s *EtcdServer) applyAll(ep *etcdProgress, apply *apply) {
s.applySnapshot(ep, apply)
st := time.Now()
s.applyEntries(ep, apply)
d := time.Since(st)
entriesNum := len(apply.entries)
if entriesNum != 0 && d > time.Duration(entriesNum)*warnApplyDuration {
plog.Warningf("apply entries took too long [%v for %d entries]", d, len(apply.entries))
plog.Warningf("avoid queries with large range/delete range!")
}
proposalsApplied.Set(float64(ep.appliedi))
s.applyWait.Trigger(ep.appliedi)
// wait for the raft routine to finish the disk writes before triggering a
// snapshot. or applied index might be greater than the last index in raft
// storage, since the raft routine might be slower than apply routine.
<-apply.notifyc
s.triggerSnapshot(ep)
select {
// snapshot requested via send()
case m := <-s.r.msgSnapC:
merged := s.createMergedSnapshotMessage(m, ep.appliedt, ep.appliedi, ep.confState)
s.sendMergedSnap(merged)
default:
}
}
func (s *EtcdServer) applySnapshot(ep *etcdProgress, apply *apply) {
if raft.IsEmptySnap(apply.snapshot) {
return
}
plog.Infof("applying snapshot at index %d...", ep.snapi)
defer plog.Infof("finished applying incoming snapshot at index %d", ep.snapi)
if apply.snapshot.Metadata.Index <= ep.appliedi {
plog.Panicf("snapshot index [%d] should > appliedi[%d] + 1",
apply.snapshot.Metadata.Index, ep.appliedi)
}
// wait for raftNode to persist snapshot onto the disk
<-apply.notifyc
newbe, err := openSnapshotBackend(s.Cfg, s.snapshotter, apply.snapshot)
if err != nil {
plog.Panic(err)
}
// always recover lessor before kv. When we recover the mvcc.KV it will reattach keys to its leases.
// If we recover mvcc.KV first, it will attach the keys to the wrong lessor before it recovers.
if s.lessor != nil {
plog.Info("recovering lessor...")
s.lessor.Recover(newbe, func() lease.TxnDelete { return s.kv.Write() })
plog.Info("finished recovering lessor")
}
plog.Info("restoring mvcc store...")
if err := s.kv.Restore(newbe); err != nil {
plog.Panicf("restore KV error: %v", err)
}
s.consistIndex.setConsistentIndex(s.kv.ConsistentIndex())
plog.Info("finished restoring mvcc store")
// Closing old backend might block until all the txns
// on the backend are finished.
// We do not want to wait on closing the old backend.
s.bemu.Lock()
oldbe := s.be
go func() {
plog.Info("closing old backend...")
defer plog.Info("finished closing old backend")
if err := oldbe.Close(); err != nil {
plog.Panicf("close backend error: %v", err)
}
}()
s.be = newbe
s.bemu.Unlock()
plog.Info("recovering alarms...")
if err := s.restoreAlarms(); err != nil {
plog.Panicf("restore alarms error: %v", err)
}
plog.Info("finished recovering alarms")
if s.authStore != nil {
plog.Info("recovering auth store...")
s.authStore.Recover(newbe)
plog.Info("finished recovering auth store")
}
plog.Info("recovering store v2...")
if err := s.store.Recovery(apply.snapshot.Data); err != nil {
plog.Panicf("recovery store error: %v", err)
}
plog.Info("finished recovering store v2")
s.cluster.SetBackend(s.be)
plog.Info("recovering cluster configuration...")
s.cluster.Recover(api.UpdateCapability)
plog.Info("finished recovering cluster configuration")
plog.Info("removing old peers from network...")
// recover raft transport
s.r.transport.RemoveAllPeers()
plog.Info("finished removing old peers from network")
plog.Info("adding peers from new cluster configuration into network...")
for _, m := range s.cluster.Members() {
if m.ID == s.ID() {
continue
}
s.r.transport.AddPeer(m.ID, m.PeerURLs)
}
plog.Info("finished adding peers from new cluster configuration into network...")
ep.appliedt = apply.snapshot.Metadata.Term
ep.appliedi = apply.snapshot.Metadata.Index
ep.snapi = ep.appliedi
ep.confState = apply.snapshot.Metadata.ConfState
}
func (s *EtcdServer) applyEntries(ep *etcdProgress, apply *apply) {
if len(apply.entries) == 0 {
return
}
firsti := apply.entries[0].Index
if firsti > ep.appliedi+1 {
plog.Panicf("first index of committed entry[%d] should <= appliedi[%d] + 1", firsti, ep.appliedi)
}
var ents []raftpb.Entry
if ep.appliedi+1-firsti < uint64(len(apply.entries)) {
ents = apply.entries[ep.appliedi+1-firsti:]
}
if len(ents) == 0 {
return
}
var shouldstop bool
if ep.appliedt, ep.appliedi, shouldstop = s.apply(ents, &ep.confState); shouldstop {
go s.stopWithDelay(10*100*time.Millisecond, fmt.Errorf("the member has been permanently removed from the cluster"))
}
}
func (s *EtcdServer) triggerSnapshot(ep *etcdProgress) {
if ep.appliedi-ep.snapi <= s.Cfg.SnapCount {
return
}
plog.Infof("start to snapshot (applied: %d, lastsnap: %d)", ep.appliedi, ep.snapi)
s.snapshot(ep.appliedi, ep.confState)
ep.snapi = ep.appliedi
}
func (s *EtcdServer) isMultiNode() bool {
return s.cluster != nil && len(s.cluster.MemberIDs()) > 1
}
func (s *EtcdServer) isLeader() bool {
return uint64(s.ID()) == s.Lead()
}
// MoveLeader transfers the leader to the given transferee.
func (s *EtcdServer) MoveLeader(ctx context.Context, lead, transferee uint64) error {
now := time.Now()
interval := time.Duration(s.Cfg.TickMs) * time.Millisecond
plog.Infof("%s starts leadership transfer from %s to %s", s.ID(), types.ID(lead), types.ID(transferee))
s.r.TransferLeadership(ctx, lead, transferee)
for s.Lead() != transferee {
select {
case <-ctx.Done(): // time out
return ErrTimeoutLeaderTransfer
case <-time.After(interval):
}
}
// TODO: drain all requests, or drop all messages to the old leader
plog.Infof("%s finished leadership transfer from %s to %s (took %v)", s.ID(), types.ID(lead), types.ID(transferee), time.Since(now))
return nil
}
// TransferLeadership transfers the leader to the chosen transferee.
func (s *EtcdServer) TransferLeadership() error {
if !s.isLeader() {
plog.Printf("skipped leadership transfer for stopping non-leader member")
return nil
}
if !s.isMultiNode() {
plog.Printf("skipped leadership transfer for single member cluster")
return nil
}
transferee, ok := longestConnected(s.r.transport, s.cluster.MemberIDs())
if !ok {
return ErrUnhealthy
}
tm := s.Cfg.ReqTimeout()
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, tm)
err := s.MoveLeader(ctx, s.Lead(), uint64(transferee))
cancel()
return err
}
// HardStop stops the server without coordination with other members in the cluster.
func (s *EtcdServer) HardStop() {
select {
case s.stop <- struct{}{}:
case <-s.done:
return
}
<-s.done
}
// Stop stops the server gracefully, and shuts down the running goroutine.
// Stop should be called after a Start(s), otherwise it will block forever.
// When stopping leader, Stop transfers its leadership to one of its peers
// before stopping the server.
// Stop terminates the Server and performs any necessary finalization.
// Do and Process cannot be called after Stop has been invoked.
func (s *EtcdServer) Stop() {
if err := s.TransferLeadership(); err != nil {
plog.Warningf("%s failed to transfer leadership (%v)", s.ID(), err)
}
s.HardStop()
}
// ReadyNotify returns a channel that will be closed when the server
// is ready to serve client requests
func (s *EtcdServer) ReadyNotify() <-chan struct{} { return s.readych }
func (s *EtcdServer) stopWithDelay(d time.Duration, err error) {
select {
case <-time.After(d):
case <-s.done:
}
select {
case s.errorc <- err:
default:
}
}
// StopNotify returns a channel that receives a empty struct
// when the server is stopped.
func (s *EtcdServer) StopNotify() <-chan struct{} { return s.done }
func (s *EtcdServer) SelfStats() []byte { return s.stats.JSON() }
func (s *EtcdServer) LeaderStats() []byte {
lead := atomic.LoadUint64(&s.r.lead)
if lead != uint64(s.id) {
return nil
}
return s.lstats.JSON()
}
func (s *EtcdServer) StoreStats() []byte { return s.store.JsonStats() }
func (s *EtcdServer) checkMembershipOperationPermission(ctx context.Context) error {
if s.authStore == nil {
// In the context of ordinary etcd process, s.authStore will never be nil.
// This branch is for handling cases in server_test.go
return nil
}
// Note that this permission check is done in the API layer,
// so TOCTOU problem can be caused potentially in a schedule like this:
// update membership with user A -> revoke root role of A -> apply membership change
// in the state machine layer
// However, both of membership change and role management requires the root privilege.
// So careful operation by admins can prevent the problem.
authInfo, err := s.AuthInfoFromCtx(ctx)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return s.AuthStore().IsAdminPermitted(authInfo)
}
func (s *EtcdServer) AddMember(ctx context.Context, memb membership.Member) ([]*membership.Member, error) {
if err := s.checkMembershipOperationPermission(ctx); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if s.Cfg.StrictReconfigCheck {
// by default StrictReconfigCheck is enabled; reject new members if unhealthy
if !s.cluster.IsReadyToAddNewMember() {
plog.Warningf("not enough started members, rejecting member add %+v", memb)
return nil, ErrNotEnoughStartedMembers
}
if !isConnectedFullySince(s.r.transport, time.Now().Add(-HealthInterval), s.ID(), s.cluster.Members()) {
plog.Warningf("not healthy for reconfigure, rejecting member add %+v", memb)
return nil, ErrUnhealthy
}
}
// TODO: move Member to protobuf type
b, err := json.Marshal(memb)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cc := raftpb.ConfChange{
Type: raftpb.ConfChangeAddNode,
NodeID: uint64(memb.ID),
Context: b,
}
return s.configure(ctx, cc)
}
func (s *EtcdServer) RemoveMember(ctx context.Context, id uint64) ([]*membership.Member, error) {
if err := s.checkMembershipOperationPermission(ctx); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// by default StrictReconfigCheck is enabled; reject removal if leads to quorum loss
if err := s.mayRemoveMember(types.ID(id)); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cc := raftpb.ConfChange{
Type: raftpb.ConfChangeRemoveNode,
NodeID: id,
}
return s.configure(ctx, cc)
}
func (s *EtcdServer) mayRemoveMember(id types.ID) error {
if !s.Cfg.StrictReconfigCheck {
return nil
}
if !s.cluster.IsReadyToRemoveMember(uint64(id)) {
plog.Warningf("not enough started members, rejecting remove member %s", id)
return ErrNotEnoughStartedMembers
}
// downed member is safe to remove since it's not part of the active quorum
if t := s.r.transport.ActiveSince(id); id != s.ID() && t.IsZero() {
return nil
}
// protect quorum if some members are down
m := s.cluster.Members()
active := numConnectedSince(s.r.transport, time.Now().Add(-HealthInterval), s.ID(), m)
if (active - 1) < 1+((len(m)-1)/2) {
plog.Warningf("reconfigure breaks active quorum, rejecting remove member %s", id)
return ErrUnhealthy
}
return nil
}
func (s *EtcdServer) UpdateMember(ctx context.Context, memb membership.Member) ([]*membership.Member, error) {
b, merr := json.Marshal(memb)
if merr != nil {
return nil, merr
}
if err := s.checkMembershipOperationPermission(ctx); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cc := raftpb.ConfChange{
Type: raftpb.ConfChangeUpdateNode,
NodeID: uint64(memb.ID),
Context: b,
}
return s.configure(ctx, cc)
}
// Implement the RaftTimer interface
func (s *EtcdServer) Index() uint64 { return atomic.LoadUint64(&s.r.index) }
func (s *EtcdServer) Term() uint64 { return atomic.LoadUint64(&s.r.term) }
// Lead is only for testing purposes.
// TODO: add Raft server interface to expose raft related info:
// Index, Term, Lead, Committed, Applied, LastIndex, etc.
func (s *EtcdServer) Lead() uint64 { return atomic.LoadUint64(&s.r.lead) }
func (s *EtcdServer) Leader() types.ID { return types.ID(s.Lead()) }
type confChangeResponse struct {
membs []*membership.Member
err error
}
// configure sends a configuration change through consensus and
// then waits for it to be applied to the server. It
// will block until the change is performed or there is an error.
func (s *EtcdServer) configure(ctx context.Context, cc raftpb.ConfChange) ([]*membership.Member, error) {
cc.ID = s.reqIDGen.Next()
ch := s.w.Register(cc.ID)
start := time.Now()
if err := s.r.ProposeConfChange(ctx, cc); err != nil {
s.w.Trigger(cc.ID, nil)
return nil, err
}
select {
case x := <-ch:
if x == nil {
plog.Panicf("configure trigger value should never be nil")
}
resp := x.(*confChangeResponse)
return resp.membs, resp.err
case <-ctx.Done():
s.w.Trigger(cc.ID, nil) // GC wait
return nil, s.parseProposeCtxErr(ctx.Err(), start)
case <-s.stopping:
return nil, ErrStopped
}
}
// sync proposes a SYNC request and is non-blocking.
// This makes no guarantee that the request will be proposed or performed.
// The request will be canceled after the given timeout.
func (s *EtcdServer) sync(timeout time.Duration) {
req := pb.Request{
Method: "SYNC",
ID: s.reqIDGen.Next(),
Time: time.Now().UnixNano(),
}
data := pbutil.MustMarshal(&req)
// There is no promise that node has leader when do SYNC request,
// so it uses goroutine to propose.
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, timeout)
s.goAttach(func() {
s.r.Propose(ctx, data)
cancel()
})
}
// publish registers server information into the cluster. The information
// is the JSON representation of this server's member struct, updated with the
// static clientURLs of the server.
// The function keeps attempting to register until it succeeds,
// or its server is stopped.
func (s *EtcdServer) publish(timeout time.Duration) {
b, err := json.Marshal(s.attributes)
if err != nil {
plog.Panicf("json marshal error: %v", err)
return
}
req := pb.Request{
Method: "PUT",
Path: membership.MemberAttributesStorePath(s.id),
Val: string(b),
}
for {
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, timeout)
_, err := s.Do(ctx, req)
cancel()
switch err {
case nil:
close(s.readych)
plog.Infof("published %+v to cluster %s", s.attributes, s.cluster.ID())
return
case ErrStopped:
plog.Infof("aborting publish because server is stopped")
return
default:
plog.Errorf("publish error: %v", err)
}
}
}
func (s *EtcdServer) sendMergedSnap(merged snap.Message) {
atomic.AddInt64(&s.inflightSnapshots, 1)
s.r.transport.SendSnapshot(merged)
s.goAttach(func() {
select {
case ok := <-merged.CloseNotify():
// delay releasing inflight snapshot for another 30 seconds to
// block log compaction.
// If the follower still fails to catch up, it is probably just too slow
// to catch up. We cannot avoid the snapshot cycle anyway.
if ok {
select {
case <-time.After(releaseDelayAfterSnapshot):
case <-s.stopping:
}
}
atomic.AddInt64(&s.inflightSnapshots, -1)
case <-s.stopping:
return
}
})
}
// apply takes entries received from Raft (after it has been committed) and
// applies them to the current state of the EtcdServer.
// The given entries should not be empty.
func (s *EtcdServer) apply(es []raftpb.Entry, confState *raftpb.ConfState) (appliedt uint64, appliedi uint64, shouldStop bool) {
for i := range es {
e := es[i]
switch e.Type {
case raftpb.EntryNormal:
s.applyEntryNormal(&e)
case raftpb.EntryConfChange:
// set the consistent index of current executing entry
if e.Index > s.consistIndex.ConsistentIndex() {
s.consistIndex.setConsistentIndex(e.Index)
}
var cc raftpb.ConfChange
pbutil.MustUnmarshal(&cc, e.Data)
removedSelf, err := s.applyConfChange(cc, confState)
s.setAppliedIndex(e.Index)
shouldStop = shouldStop || removedSelf
s.w.Trigger(cc.ID, &confChangeResponse{s.cluster.Members(), err})
default:
plog.Panicf("entry type should be either EntryNormal or EntryConfChange")
}
atomic.StoreUint64(&s.r.index, e.Index)
atomic.StoreUint64(&s.r.term, e.Term)
appliedt = e.Term
appliedi = e.Index
}
return appliedt, appliedi, shouldStop
}
// applyEntryNormal apples an EntryNormal type raftpb request to the EtcdServer
func (s *EtcdServer) applyEntryNormal(e *raftpb.Entry) {
shouldApplyV3 := false
if e.Index > s.consistIndex.ConsistentIndex() {
// set the consistent index of current executing entry
s.consistIndex.setConsistentIndex(e.Index)
shouldApplyV3 = true
}
defer s.setAppliedIndex(e.Index)
// raft state machine may generate noop entry when leader confirmation.
// skip it in advance to avoid some potential bug in the future
if len(e.Data) == 0 {
select {
case s.forceVersionC <- struct{}{}:
default:
}
// promote lessor when the local member is leader and finished
// applying all entries from the last term.
if s.isLeader() {
s.lessor.Promote(s.Cfg.electionTimeout())
}
return
}
var raftReq pb.InternalRaftRequest
if !pbutil.MaybeUnmarshal(&raftReq, e.Data) { // backward compatible
var r pb.Request
rp := &r
pbutil.MustUnmarshal(rp, e.Data)
s.w.Trigger(r.ID, s.applyV2Request((*RequestV2)(rp)))
return
}
if raftReq.V2 != nil {
req := (*RequestV2)(raftReq.V2)
s.w.Trigger(req.ID, s.applyV2Request(req))
return
}
// do not re-apply applied entries.
if !shouldApplyV3 {
return
}
id := raftReq.ID
if id == 0 {
id = raftReq.Header.ID
}
var ar *applyResult
needResult := s.w.IsRegistered(id)
if needResult || !noSideEffect(&raftReq) {
if !needResult && raftReq.Txn != nil {
removeNeedlessRangeReqs(raftReq.Txn)
}
ar = s.applyV3.Apply(&raftReq)
}
if ar == nil {
return
}
if ar.err != ErrNoSpace || len(s.alarmStore.Get(pb.AlarmType_NOSPACE)) > 0 {
s.w.Trigger(id, ar)
return
}
plog.Errorf("applying raft message exceeded backend quota")
s.goAttach(func() {
a := &pb.AlarmRequest{
MemberID: uint64(s.ID()),
Action: pb.AlarmRequest_ACTIVATE,
Alarm: pb.AlarmType_NOSPACE,
}
s.raftRequest(s.ctx, pb.InternalRaftRequest{Alarm: a})
s.w.Trigger(id, ar)
})
}
// applyConfChange applies a ConfChange to the server. It is only
// invoked with a ConfChange that has already passed through Raft
func (s *EtcdServer) applyConfChange(cc raftpb.ConfChange, confState *raftpb.ConfState) (bool, error) {
if err := s.cluster.ValidateConfigurationChange(cc); err != nil {
cc.NodeID = raft.None
s.r.ApplyConfChange(cc)
return false, err
}
*confState = *s.r.ApplyConfChange(cc)
switch cc.Type {
case raftpb.ConfChangeAddNode:
m := new(membership.Member)
if err := json.Unmarshal(cc.Context, m); err != nil {
plog.Panicf("unmarshal member should never fail: %v", err)
}
if cc.NodeID != uint64(m.ID) {
plog.Panicf("nodeID should always be equal to member ID")
}
s.cluster.AddMember(m)
if m.ID != s.id {
s.r.transport.AddPeer(m.ID, m.PeerURLs)
}
case raftpb.ConfChangeRemoveNode:
id := types.ID(cc.NodeID)
s.cluster.RemoveMember(id)
if id == s.id {
return true, nil
}
s.r.transport.RemovePeer(id)
case raftpb.ConfChangeUpdateNode:
m := new(membership.Member)
if err := json.Unmarshal(cc.Context, m); err != nil {
plog.Panicf("unmarshal member should never fail: %v", err)
}
if cc.NodeID != uint64(m.ID) {
plog.Panicf("nodeID should always be equal to member ID")
}
s.cluster.UpdateRaftAttributes(m.ID, m.RaftAttributes)
if m.ID != s.id {
s.r.transport.UpdatePeer(m.ID, m.PeerURLs)
}
}
return false, nil
}
// TODO: non-blocking snapshot
func (s *EtcdServer) snapshot(snapi uint64, confState raftpb.ConfState) {
clone := s.store.Clone()
// commit kv to write metadata (for example: consistent index) to disk.
// KV().commit() updates the consistent index in backend.
// All operations that update consistent index must be called sequentially
// from applyAll function.
// So KV().Commit() cannot run in parallel with apply. It has to be called outside
// the go routine created below.
s.KV().Commit()
s.goAttach(func() {
d, err := clone.SaveNoCopy()
// TODO: current store will never fail to do a snapshot
// what should we do if the store might fail?
if err != nil {
plog.Panicf("store save should never fail: %v", err)
}
snap, err := s.r.raftStorage.CreateSnapshot(snapi, &confState, d)
if err != nil {
// the snapshot was done asynchronously with the progress of raft.
// raft might have already got a newer snapshot.
if err == raft.ErrSnapOutOfDate {
return
}
plog.Panicf("unexpected create snapshot error %v", err)
}
// SaveSnap saves the snapshot and releases the locked wal files
// to the snapshot index.
if err = s.r.storage.SaveSnap(snap); err != nil {
plog.Fatalf("save snapshot error: %v", err)
}
plog.Infof("saved snapshot at index %d", snap.Metadata.Index)
// When sending a snapshot, etcd will pause compaction.
// After receives a snapshot, the slow follower needs to get all the entries right after
// the snapshot sent to catch up. If we do not pause compaction, the log entries right after
// the snapshot sent might already be compacted. It happens when the snapshot takes long time
// to send and save. Pausing compaction avoids triggering a snapshot sending cycle.
if atomic.LoadInt64(&s.inflightSnapshots) != 0 {
plog.Infof("skip compaction since there is an inflight snapshot")
return
}
// keep some in memory log entries for slow followers.
compacti := uint64(1)
if snapi > numberOfCatchUpEntries {
compacti = snapi - numberOfCatchUpEntries
}
err = s.r.raftStorage.Compact(compacti)
if err != nil {
// the compaction was done asynchronously with the progress of raft.
// raft log might already been compact.
if err == raft.ErrCompacted {
return
}
plog.Panicf("unexpected compaction error %v", err)
}
plog.Infof("compacted raft log at %d", compacti)
})
}
// CutPeer drops messages to the specified peer.
func (s *EtcdServer) CutPeer(id types.ID) {
tr, ok := s.r.transport.(*rafthttp.Transport)
if ok {
tr.CutPeer(id)
}
}
// MendPeer recovers the message dropping behavior of the given peer.
func (s *EtcdServer) MendPeer(id types.ID) {
tr, ok := s.r.transport.(*rafthttp.Transport)
if ok {
tr.MendPeer(id)
}
}
func (s *EtcdServer) PauseSending() { s.r.pauseSending() }
func (s *EtcdServer) ResumeSending() { s.r.resumeSending() }
func (s *EtcdServer) ClusterVersion() *semver.Version {
if s.cluster == nil {
return nil
}
return s.cluster.Version()
}
// monitorVersions checks the member's version every monitorVersionInterval.
// It updates the cluster version if all members agrees on a higher one.
// It prints out log if there is a member with a higher version than the
// local version.
func (s *EtcdServer) monitorVersions() {
for {
select {
case <-s.forceVersionC:
case <-time.After(monitorVersionInterval):
case <-s.stopping:
return
}
if s.Leader() != s.ID() {
continue
}
v := decideClusterVersion(getVersions(s.cluster, s.id, s.peerRt))
if v != nil {
// only keep major.minor version for comparison
v = &semver.Version{
Major: v.Major,
Minor: v.Minor,
}
}
// if the current version is nil:
// 1. use the decided version if possible
// 2. or use the min cluster version
if s.cluster.Version() == nil {
verStr := version.MinClusterVersion
if v != nil {
verStr = v.String()
}
s.goAttach(func() { s.updateClusterVersion(verStr) })
continue
}
// update cluster version only if the decided version is greater than
// the current cluster version
if v != nil && s.cluster.Version().LessThan(*v) {
s.goAttach(func() { s.updateClusterVersion(v.String()) })
}
}
}
func (s *EtcdServer) updateClusterVersion(ver string) {
if s.cluster.Version() == nil {
plog.Infof("setting up the initial cluster version to %s", version.Cluster(ver))
} else {
plog.Infof("updating the cluster version from %s to %s", version.Cluster(s.cluster.Version().String()), version.Cluster(ver))
}
req := pb.Request{
Method: "PUT",
Path: membership.StoreClusterVersionKey(),
Val: ver,
}
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, s.Cfg.ReqTimeout())
_, err := s.Do(ctx, req)
cancel()
switch err {
case nil:
return
case ErrStopped:
plog.Infof("aborting update cluster version because server is stopped")
return
default:
plog.Errorf("error updating cluster version (%v)", err)
}
}
func (s *EtcdServer) parseProposeCtxErr(err error, start time.Time) error {
switch err {
case context.Canceled:
return ErrCanceled
case context.DeadlineExceeded:
s.leadTimeMu.RLock()
curLeadElected := s.leadElectedTime
s.leadTimeMu.RUnlock()
prevLeadLost := curLeadElected.Add(-2 * time.Duration(s.Cfg.ElectionTicks) * time.Duration(s.Cfg.TickMs) * time.Millisecond)
if start.After(prevLeadLost) && start.Before(curLeadElected) {
return ErrTimeoutDueToLeaderFail
}
lead := types.ID(atomic.LoadUint64(&s.r.lead))
switch lead {
case types.ID(raft.None):
// TODO: return error to specify it happens because the cluster does not have leader now
case s.ID():
if !isConnectedToQuorumSince(s.r.transport, start, s.ID(), s.cluster.Members()) {
return ErrTimeoutDueToConnectionLost
}
default:
if !isConnectedSince(s.r.transport, start, lead) {
return ErrTimeoutDueToConnectionLost
}
}
return ErrTimeout
default:
return err
}
}
func (s *EtcdServer) KV() mvcc.ConsistentWatchableKV { return s.kv }
func (s *EtcdServer) Backend() backend.Backend {
s.bemu.Lock()
defer s.bemu.Unlock()
return s.be
}
func (s *EtcdServer) AuthStore() auth.AuthStore { return s.authStore }
func (s *EtcdServer) restoreAlarms() error {
s.applyV3 = s.newApplierV3()
as, err := alarm.NewAlarmStore(s)
if err != nil {
return err
}
s.alarmStore = as
if len(as.Get(pb.AlarmType_NOSPACE)) > 0 {
s.applyV3 = newApplierV3Capped(s.applyV3)
}
if len(as.Get(pb.AlarmType_CORRUPT)) > 0 {
s.applyV3 = newApplierV3Corrupt(s.applyV3)
}
return nil
}
func (s *EtcdServer) getAppliedIndex() uint64 {
return atomic.LoadUint64(&s.appliedIndex)
}
func (s *EtcdServer) setAppliedIndex(v uint64) {
atomic.StoreUint64(&s.appliedIndex, v)
}
func (s *EtcdServer) getCommittedIndex() uint64 {
return atomic.LoadUint64(&s.committedIndex)
}
func (s *EtcdServer) setCommittedIndex(v uint64) {
atomic.StoreUint64(&s.committedIndex, v)
}
// goAttach creates a goroutine on a given function and tracks it using
// the etcdserver waitgroup.
func (s *EtcdServer) goAttach(f func()) {
s.wgMu.RLock() // this blocks with ongoing close(s.stopping)
defer s.wgMu.RUnlock()
select {
case <-s.stopping:
plog.Warning("server has stopped (skipping goAttach)")
return
default:
}
// now safe to add since waitgroup wait has not started yet
s.wg.Add(1)
go func() {
defer s.wg.Done()
f()
}()
}
func (s *EtcdServer) Alarms() []*pb.AlarmMember {
return s.alarmStore.Get(pb.AlarmType_NONE)
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '8d0599ae7acb796ac37913b8c35b95b62c912ddf908781e8d41d6739620f6d2a'} |
Film Review Telugu
Arjun Reddy
Until August 25, 2017, Arjun Reddy was just a random name in the Telugu speaking states. Today, it is a cult movie. A game changer. A revolutionary celluloid experiment. The movie starring newbie Vijay Devarakonda (of National award-winning Pelli Choopulu fame) has caught the attention of the Telugu film goers like never before.
The reasons for the success of Arjun Reddy are many. First, it is made by a bunch of newcomers who have got nothing much, but passion and a burning desire to tell a story, on their own terms. Who would otherwise dare to say a story of a medico who embraces smoking, alcohol, drugs, debauchery and still come across as a youngster with swag? The movie tells it like it is. Perhaps for the first time in Telugu cinema (not that it is an accomplishment), the Telugu audiences heard choicest Telugu expletives mouthed by the protagonist with full gusto. The lead stars in the movie are those who live their lives unapologetically. Overall, Arjun Reddy is a movie about a man who does what he wants to do and thus connects with the Gen X in a big way. That the entire cast speaks in the Telangana dialect (something which has for long been ridiculed in Telugu movies) and makes it sound cool is another instant connect. And above all, there is Vijay Devarakonda’s ace acting – he lives in the role. All these factors have made what is being hailed as a cult film.
The movie begins with a glimpse of the kind of guy Dr Arjun Reddy is. Brash, irreverent, sarcastic and cynical but loyal to his love, college, values etc. He is a top doctor with an impeccable academic record and has performed a record number of surgeries, but is one who scores a zero in anger management. The first half is about Arjun falling in love with his junior, Preeti Shetty (Shalini Pandey), who hails from an orthodox Tulu family, in his medical college at Mangalore. He falls for her at first sight, pursues her violently (he kisses her in public, ahem, and without her consent), then manages to woo her and they live in together with lots of sex thrown in. “We made out 549 times in three years!” is what he reminds her of in a scene. And not to forget the 16 lip-lock scenes through the movie. But soon the love story falls apart when they decide to formally get married as her family objects to their marriage based on caste and because Preeti’s dad is pissed off to see Arjun kissing his daughter right under his nose on their terrace when he comes to talk to him for the first time. Heartbroken, Arjun goes home to give himself an overdose of Morphine while giving Preeti six hours to join him to get married. She has her own compulsions and she cannot make it within the deadline. Arjun now decides to live through the agony of the broken love story through drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol. Even his career is at stake after he is caught doing a surgery under intoxication. There comes a stage where he is literally left with nothing. He loses his job, has no love left and his family almost abandon him. What finally rekindles the life in him towards the end and whether he manages to eventually win over Preeti forms the climax of the film.
Admittedly, the heartrending love story has a lot of flaws and contradictions that could irk progressive thinkers. Should a heartbreak lead to substance abuse? Dr Arjun Reddy talks about how women should not be objectified but goes on to tell Preeti that she should befriend a ‘fat chick’ as there was always a great connection between the two. He talks about consent and leading an open life, but never bothers to ask before he kisses her in public. Director Sandeep Vanga who comes across as someone who embraces free spirited living but ends the story with Preeti telling Arjun that she hasn’t been touched by anyone but him, while he is shown sleeping around with other women. While he is shown as a man of values who confesses to the judge that he was indeed under intoxicated at a particular surgery although his lawyer and family try to portray it differently, the same Arjun Reddy seems to have no qualms when he did hundreds of other surgeries after consuming alcohol.
However, the movie thankfully manages to rise above these shortcomings. It moves briskly, has sharp humor, questions marriage and the other age old relationships in the country, talks about what true love is and holds a mirror to the ideologies of today’s youth. The movie is very macho – be it the way it opens with a robust football game or talks about the way boys think about sex and marriage. It is completely seen from a young man’s perspective. No wonder, the trailer became sensational and one can hear the Gen X preempting all of the dialogues (including the beeped out words) even before Arjun utters it on screen (unusual for a movie without big stars). Their social media marketing was also innovative asking people to change their display pictures in their social media accounts and later an app where one could use the same font as the movie logo to read their names like in the poster.
The background music is phenomenal, very techno in its feel and it touches the heart. The only song that registers is the breakup song (Telisena by Indian Idol Revanth and has rocking rock feel). Raju Thota’s cinematography is top notch. Whether it is the frustration in Arjun Reddy’s face when he sees himself in the mirror as he is asked to shave and do away with his unkempt look or when he and Shalini enjoy a lip-to-lip kiss on the sea shore as the waves come gushing by, it captures Arjun’s world beautifully. In fact, the lip-locks and the making out sessions are captured aesthetically without looking sleazy. Shalini Pandey is innocence personified but has a rather sketchy role as a girl who is brave enough to break the societal norms to embrace premarital sex, but seems rather wimpish in talking over to her dad about her love for Arjun Reddy. Also, we have no clue what happens to her when Arjun Reddy is going through his bitter heartbreak. Rahul Ramakrishna, who plays his Arjun Reddy’s friend Shiva, gets the role of a lifetime. His Telangana dialogues, especially when he pulls up the maid for breaking wine glasses is hilarious and connects with the Telanganites well. To use the language of the movie, Arjun Reddy looks freaking awesome in all his avatars – as a clean shaven young medico and as heartbroken Devdas with copious facial hair and all towards the end of the movie. Not many actors put up such a great show so early in their career and one has to commend Vijay Deverakonda for his flawless and brilliant performance. And last but not least, yesteryear heroine of the 1960s and 70s, Kanchana, plays a progressive grandmother who believes that the heartbreak trauma that Arjun Reddy is going through is transformatory.
Director Sandeep Reddy Vanga apparently had a tough time selling his movie but looks like post Arjun Reddy‘s success, he is going to be a director in demand with the film running houseful in India and abroad. And, to his credit, it is undoubtedly a movie that is well worth a watch. Just be ready to defend your point of view about the film once you’ve watched it because the entire states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are already busy discussing the movie in minute detail.
Telugu, Drama, Color
Leave a Comment
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9730823636054992}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75317', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:L3FWIVZ3FTA4NPQT2TTUK2X5NUCG55BC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:aa807977-fa8f-4bc7-83a2-5a65cc16692b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 15, 9, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.28.9.123', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:O7HODO7VYHY6AKE2QOKDNSI7SXA5OXMW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a3142d49-3e70-4804-8090-57fb7f3292b0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://upperstall.com/film/arjun-reddy/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3c49c003-6578-49b3-8bdc-b2a2b6b7f47b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1298', 'url': 'https://upperstall.com/film/arjun-reddy/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-165-178-231.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.028243064880371094', 'original_id': '10d2de6cb923156082d4ccc8679d25c74ed911bf0e910f25b784278c5ff1b80c'} |
You are here
What does healthy eating mean?
Finding the right balance between the food that we eat, and the energy we use. How can this be done? Well that’s simple really, all you need to do is eat 3 to 4 meals a day including breakfast, lunch, dinner and possibly a snack.
A balanced diet cannot be represented by a single meal, but is a combination of meals consumed throughout the day, or over several days (eg: if you had a heavy late dinner, then it is recommended to opt for a lighter lunch the following day.)
Try to focus on eating slowly, plan at least 20 minutes for every meal
Also, no food is entirely forbidden in a balanced diet! All foods are good for you as long as consumed in moderation.
Eat 3 or 4 of these meals daily to stay in shape!
To enjoy an energy boost first thing in the morning, we recommend:
• A grain product such as bread, crackers or cereal
• A dairy product such as milk or yoghurt
• A fresh fruit or fruit compote
• Optionally, you may choose a beverage such as water, tea or coffee
This is an essential meal in order to maintain energy levels throughout the day. We recommend:
• Eating food from each of the major food groups – carbohydrates, meat/ fish/ eggs, fruits and vegetables and dairy products
If you had a light lunch, or are planning a light dinner, your body needs an extra energy boost! This small meal should be composed from one or two of the following products:
• A dairy product (milk, yoghurt, cheese, etc.)
• A cereal product (bread, biscuits, etc.)
• A fruit (whole, stewed or pure juice) if this has been absent from previous meals
Once again, we recommend a complete nutritional balance provided from food in various groups. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9639883637428284}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '28723', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:W54HLH5464JW2LL3COABSGV42QWIQIUP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b443f656-2389-4a6b-aa75-48e45fdf48f8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 27, 14, 4, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.184.7', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CSNOTIJZ7MSJV77T5253A3BI2HNUWV6N', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a4a4cd78-c38e-4a6c-ae7c-4495565fc323>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://staging.mcdonalds.com.mt/node/27', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ada66608-4bf8-4359-86a9-6bee7e153622>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '318', 'url': 'http://staging.mcdonalds.com.mt/node/27', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-105-77.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.193486750125885', 'original_id': '077f374e15da474186f5a598a5d24bf9cad1c3773f1aed049bf4b44a2a758b4c'} |
I have AP credit that would allow me to place out of CH 101 and 102. Can I take organic chemistry as a freshman?
Students may place out of CH 101 if they score a 4 on the AP chemistry exam and CH 101 and 102 if they score a 5. If you have placed out of both semesters of freshman chemistry, you would be eligible to begin taking sophomore level courses, such as organic chemistry (CH 231) and quantitative analysis (CH 223), in your first semester. Based on our experiences with students in this situation, however, we would strongly recommend that you at least take one semester of freshman chemistry (102 or 117) before attempting sophomore-level courses. We have found that even very strong students who attempt to go directly into 200-level courses struggle due to the significant jump in expectations from high school, particularly when dealing with the other stresses of adapting to college life. Students are generally much more successful if they first take a semester of freshman chemistry to adapt to college-level chemistry courses before attempting the more challenging 200-level courses. If you are unsure with which course to start, contact Dr. Shaughnessy, director of undergraduate studies, for further advice. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9532489776611328}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '37332', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:I5CYBKOX63RDVAAJN3CMJ73QT7GJNEW6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1bd03d47-7e38-474e-8699-2fa7c00fab9c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 23, 20, 33, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.43.3.250', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YMJWENUX7AZNGJ3L3QORKMCYWNQUP7ZO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:131386f0-aa60-462d-80fc-c06e94c54932>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://chemistry.ua.edu/question/i-have-ap-credit-that-would-allow-me-to-place-out-of-ch-101-and-102-can-i-take-organic-chemistry-as-a-freshman/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:eaaec048-3b87-4f89-a362-0cb5a393f36b>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '201', 'url': 'https://chemistry.ua.edu/question/i-have-ap-credit-that-would-allow-me-to-place-out-of-ch-101-and-102-can-i-take-organic-chemistry-as-a-freshman/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-224-210.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-22\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08579492568969727', 'original_id': '16bf6236f7f6223238037ae28c6c3b8717f92277d49eff6dd224ff9c96445a5e'} |
Documents such as booklets, packets, and the like often consist of subsets of printed sheet material that are bound together by perfect binding or other finishing techniques. The various subsets comprising each document can contain one or more units of sheet material. The subsets are often supplied from different sources such as color printers, black and white printers, and offset printers. Each subset might have been printed at a different time and place, so that the subsections must be subsequently merged to form a complete document. In order to assemble a large volume of documents, each containing multiple subsets of sheet material, multiple print streams must be merged. The merging of multiple print streams is typically done manually, and accordingly can be time consuming, create health problems due to repetitive motion, and result in an unacceptable rate of integrity defects due to human error. These and other problems can be more acute in processing jobs where each document, while containing the same types of subsets, is personalized such that one or more of the subsets includes information specific to the individual intended to receive that document.
Accordingly, the desirability of automating the process of merging multiple sheet streams is well recognized within the industry. As a general matter, the merging of sheet materials can be performed by collating machines, but conventional collators are not optimized for assembling a series of personalized documents from multiple input streams. Typical collators are capable of accumulating only single sheets. Moreover, typical collators are order-dependent, meaning that their input streams are fixed such that the accumulation or collating process cannot be modified or randomized. In addition, the scrap cost associated with conventional collators is unacceptably high due to the required use of separator sheets. Separator sheets are used to mark or identify each subset of sheet material within the stack comprising a complete document. Such separator sheets are typically discarded upon completion of the document, and in any event do not add value to the information provided by the document.
An example of a system for collating multiple incoming sheet streams is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,462,399. Like other conventional collators, the disclosed system is order-dependent. The system includes three input devices oriented at right angles to each other. Each input device feeds sheets into a centrally located collating device. The collating device is constructed from a stack of three vertically spaced trays. Each input device is limited to feeding its corresponding sheets into a specific one of these trays. Thus, after each input device has been operated, the collating device contains three separate stacks of sheets and hence does not itself truly merge the three input streams. A kicker arm, spanning the height of the entire collator, is then activated to push the stacks of all three levels into an exit device. Due to the configuration of the three-level collator, three distinct sets of sheets are maintained after being supplied from the three input devices. The disclosed system therefore cannot be randomized with respect to the relative order in which sheets enter the collator from multiple directions. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '162d0cbc43a2ed6347bce9254efaf4ccf3729cad93757ed87c3fa1c5bbe2092d'} |
Goals are like a wood stove?
I live in the country and we heat our house with a wood stove. Sometimes the weather can get down into the low 20’s degrees Fahrenheit, which is pretty cold for California. Yes I know, but in California that is cold. On those mornings when it is below freezing I have to crawl out of my cozy warm bed and go outside in the freezing cold and collect wood. Usually takes me three trips out in the cold to get enough wood to fill the wood stove. Then I have to tear up paper, work with the kindling and coax the frozen wood to catch fire. It still takes another 15-20 minutes before heat is coming from the stove and much longer before the house begins to heat up.
Jackie and her hedgehog.
I do not like going out in the cold to get wood. So on the next freezing morning I am going to tell the wood stove in my most convincing voice, “If you would just put out some heat, when it is warmer, I will go outside and fetch your wood. You know I am good for it. I have given you wood all these years, why don’t you give me a little break and put out some heat?“ Pretty silly, huh? But I see this scenario played out almost everyday. We want something, and we want it NOW, but we are not willing to put the work in that it takes to achieve it. We wait until conditions are more favorable or comfortable, like waiting for it to warm up outside before going out and retrieving the wood. Life does not work that way; we have to do the hard work, sometimes in unfavorable and uncomfortable conditions before we can receive the reward. Just like with my wood stove, you have to put something IN, before you can get something OUT.
The Bonus
What is even more interesting is that I usually warm up just from all the work I put into carrying wood, loading the stove and coaxing the fire. Sometimes we receive our reward just by going through the process, the final reward is just a bonus! As Pastor Larry McElvain says, success is not always a product but a process.
5 Replies to “Goals are like a wood stove?”
1. In our fast paced, immediate culture this is not remembered. Thank you for reminding us the value of hard work. It glorifies God to do the best job that we can in whatever work we engage in. The reward at the end is just a bonus.
1. You are so right Sarah! Everything is at twitch speed, a click of the mouse and it is ours. Most of life’s true rewards do not come this way; they come with hard work.
Leave a Reply
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9558335542678832}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '96406', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GU2MAMIDFLU5DOM3YZ6H3UPCYQECGD5A', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:efa6d6ab-4b67-4073-a6cf-29c3b9149074>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 18, 7, 41, 22), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.71.233.161', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LNG2RTXEC66Q5LDRFULDZCSIR5PPICYI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f093b694-a70a-4eda-a019-7f989a1ac10e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://consideretiquette.com/goal-setting-is-like-a-woodstove/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:70744c3c-9076-47f7-a4cb-b279acd95305>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '503', 'url': 'https://consideretiquette.com/goal-setting-is-like-a-woodstove/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-165-255-234.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05693542957305908', 'original_id': '8aaddcacc500925d8cc3a6ff6bb7a21a1abba933507f2d1c34c785edaf6453f4'} |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<META http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<META name="GENERATOR" content="IBM WebSphere Studio">
<TITLE>SendMenssageToQueue.html</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgcolor="#99ffff">
<P><FONT color="#ff0000">
<h1>(Computer Technologies for the Web)<BR>
Send and read messages</h1>
</FONT></P>
<FORM NAME="miForm", method="POST" action="SendMessageQueue.html">
<FONT color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman"><BR>
<BR>
Message</FONT>: <TEXTAREA rows="2" cols="64" name="message"></TEXTAREA><BR>
<BR>
<INPUT type="submit" name="enviar" value="Send message to queue"></FORM>
<P><BR>
<A href="ReadMessageQueue.html">Read Messages in Queue</A>
<BR>
<BR>
<A href="ReadMessageQueueBrowser.html">Read Messages in Browser Mode</A><BR>
<BR>
<A href="index.html">Go back</A>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
| the_stack | {'hexsha': 'a81d98bdf534d1e29dc2d3240bf302284e708480', 'size': '936', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'WebContent/SendMessageToQueue.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'caldito/online-shop', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '9c4c98ef09cd402c1502e9cbe89dba1be5ca4ee2', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'WebContent/SendMessageToQueue.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'caldito/online-shop', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '9c4c98ef09cd402c1502e9cbe89dba1be5ca4ee2', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'WebContent/SendMessageToQueue.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'caldito/online-shop', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '9c4c98ef09cd402c1502e9cbe89dba1be5ca4ee2', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '1', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '2020-11-30T22:29:44.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '2020-11-30T22:29:44.000Z', 'avg_line_length': '31.2', 'max_line_length': '76', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.6997863248', 'original_id': 'f6be75b91bd900816b991a850f37028beaec840fac52ad2e05ab5faa46066f73'} |
THE PACIFIC COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER: HONOLULU, MAY 6, 1909. PERFECTION AT LAST. New Wickless Blue Flame Oil Stove New lighting device. Greater heat. More economy in fuel. No possible danger. Any person can handle them. We have a sample lot. Stock is on the way. You will find them in operation in our Stove Department and we will be pleased to have you inspect them. LIMITED. AGENTS - Girney Gleason's Refrigerators Jewel Stoves, FOR WOOD OR COAL Pianos Oil Stoves, New Blue Flame Stoves. GET IT AT WATERHOUSE'S. After Repeated Trials we Have last, found the article we wanted. It came by the sale to the public of Hawaii at the same prices as sold in the United States. Come and see for yourself and be content is true in every respect. Housekeepers will appreciate our effort after they have seen and in our new Scotch Granite Ware and found it will not chip and then rust through, after it has been in use a few days. These goods when they once get into your house are there to stay. Aluminum Ware Is something that has been sold at prices we are offering these goods at is. A new departure altogether. Another thing we have pleasurable in bringing before the public, especially those who have youngsters in the family, and who have not. We have more or less washing to have done at home, is a wash tub with an attachment on the side, for fastening a wringing machine to, thereby obviating the necessity of screwing your wrists all out of kilter, by wringing out clothes by hand power. These wringers we have in three sizes. J. Waverley Block, Bethel Street, 5a Crockery. Hardware. Groceries. Enraged in 1891, Leaders in 1899. WATERHODSE A MAMMOTH AY A LEGAL PROTEST. Technical Objection for the Kahuku Rioters. No Grand Jury Indictment Another Step In the Waialua Share Case Compromise. In the matter of the Republic vs. Yamane et al, the Kahuku Japanese charged with murder, the defense has filed a motion to quash on the ground that the indictment has not been presented by a grand jury. In the matter of McCandless Bros, vs. Waialua Agricultural Co., bill for specific performance and injunction, Wm. Bowen, treasurer of the defendant corporation, has filed an affidavit praying the court to dismiss the application of plaintiff to have the books and accounts of defendant exhibited. The suit of P. L. Dortch vs. A. V. Gear, assumpsit, has been dismissed, a settlement having been reached out of court. Defendant has filed an answer to the allegations of plaintiff's bill in the The matter of John H. Estate vs. Helen Boyd, trespass. In the matter of J. Todd vs. J. H. Davis and Wm. Hooper, garnishee, defendant has filed an appeal and bill of exceptions from Judge Stanley's decision. A. S. Humphreys for plaintiff, Achi and Johnson for defendant. COLONIAL EXPOSITION. Commissioner Umsted Wishes Government Cooperation. Commissioner Umsted who is here to gather a Hawaiian exhibit for the Colonial Exposition to be held at Omaha this year is a busy man. He has taken up the few days he has been here in presenting letters of introduction and looking over the field. He is greatly pleased at the courteous treatment with which he has met, and the evident desire of the business community to further his mission. "The great thing I now need," said he, "is the hearty cooperation of the Government in aiding me to gather the exhibit. The inducements offered now are much greater than were offered for last year's exposition. The time is ripe for Hawaii to advertise herself and the best means by which she can do it is the colonial celebration." Communion. The following are to be admitted to membership at the communion service in Central Union church tomorrow morning: By letter Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Pash, First Presbyterian Church, San Jose, Cal. Mr. and Mrs. John Herd, Free Church, Scotland. Mrs. Albert J. Derby, First Presbyterian Church, Rivera, Cal. Miss Josephine Hainan, First Presbyterian Church, Toronto, Can. On re-affirmation of faith Mr. and Mrs. Stephen von Berg. On Confession of faith Mr. J. C. Strow, Mrs. Clementina R. Alvarez, Walter C. Alvarez, Dr. Albert J. Derby, Harold W. Rice, John MacArthur, Ethel Doris Wolfe, Charles Frederick Wolfe, Olaf T. Oss, Minna S. A. From Palama Chapel, Mrs. Elizabeth J. Webb, Elizabeth Chamberlain, Helen K. Desha, Edwin M. Desha, Miriam A. Hale, Alice Zerbe, Emma Zerbe, Eliza Johnson, Elizabeth Haaheo, Minnie Kaukau. Kindergartens. There is a certain kindergarten in Honolulu, where, singularly enough, it is grown, people who are in learning how to direct children, as well as the place where children go to learn the right way for themselves. Its mistress has a thousand inspirations by means of which she threads the labyrinth of a little one's heart, and wonderful it is to see how it is done, though the onlooker gets but a small part of it, outside as he or she is of the strong spiritual sympathies which flow between that teacher and her group of young souls in charge. The several kindergartens have a treat now and then a treat no less than having the band play all for themselves. Those nearest, walk to Emma hall, or take a car, but Kakaako and Palama are so far away that an omnibus becomes necessary a high time they have when fifty laughing, chattering children are sandwiched in to one vehicle. But still the old adage comes true, "the more, the merrier," and childhood is but once and then the pleasure of listening to the music and the return! How easy to make children happy why do we not do it oftener? Kakaako bids fair to bloom and blossom like a garden in the midst of a desert. It is a matter of time, but its directress has the will that makes the way, and what a boom in that forlorn quarter must be the sight of neatness, smiling faces, and flowers. THE PACIFIC COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER: HONOLULU, MAY 6, SUNDAY SERVICES. Central Union Church, corner Pennsylvania and Richards streets. Rev. W. M. Kincaid, pastor. 3:55 a. m., Sunday school; 11:00 a. m., public worship and sermon; 6:30 p. m., Y. P. S. C. E. prayer meeting; 7:20 p. m., public worship and sermon. Wednesday, 7:30 p. m., prayer meeting. Palama Chapel 9:30 a. m., Sunday school; 7:30 p. m. Gospel service. A welcome for all at every service. St. Andrew's Cathedral Fifth Sunday after Easter, May 7. 7:00 a. m., Holy Communion; 11:00 a. m., Matins and sermon; 3:30 p. m., Pule Ahiahi; 7:30 p. m., Evensong and sermon. Thursday, May 11, 15 the Feast of the Ascension. Methodist Episcopal Church, corner Beretania and Miller streets, G. L. Pearson, pastor. The public is cordially invited to attend the following services: Sunday, 10 a. m., Sunday school; 11 a. m., sermon by the pastor. Subject: "The Children and the Church." 6:30 Epworth League; 7:30 sermon by the Rev. W. H. Tubb, of San Francisco. Wednesday, prayer meeting at 7:30 p. m. A welcome always to all. Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ Sunday services in Mililani hall, rear of opera house, as follows: Sunday school 10 a. m.; Sacrament service, 11 a. m.; preaching in Hawaiian, 6:30 p. m.; preaching in English by Elder U. W. Greene, 7:30 p. m. Subject: "This is the Way, Walk Ye In It." Seventh-Day Adventist Chapel, located at the end of Hotel Street, one block from Punchbowl Street. Services: Sabbath, sabbath-school 10 a.m., preaching 11 a.m.; Sunday, Sunday school 4 p.m., preaching 7:30 p.m. Tuesday, prayer and missionary meeting 7:30 p.m. Thursday, gospel services and bible study 7 p.m. All are welcome. B. L. Howe, pastor. Christian Church, Alakea Street, near King. Pastor, Rev. Wm. A. Gardner. Sunday School Superintendent W. C. Weedon. President Y. P. M., Mrs. J. N. Taggard. Organist and Choir Master, Professor E. Cook. Preaching morning and evening at the usual hours. Midweek meeting Wednesday night. Seats free and a cordial welcome to all. Sociability a specialty. "Giants and Giant Killers" will be the topic of Rev. W. A. Gardner's sermon to the children at the Christian church tomorrow morning. In the evening his theme will be "Does Death End All?" Church services will be conducted by Rev. Victor Morgan at Camp McKinley, 11 a. m.; Pearl City, 3:45 p. m.; Ewa Plantation, 7:30 p. m. Food Prepared With "Calumet" is Free from Rochelle Salts Alum, Lime and Ammonia. "Calumet" is the Housewife's Friend. NONE GOOD. We are not offering Men's, Boys' and Children's Clothing at the lowest prices ever offered in this city before, and the largest stock to select from and a guarantee of its superiority. You will find our Hats, Caps, and Furnishings of the same high standard and anything purchased in either department will be cheerfully taken, back and money refunded if not satisfactory. Agents for Dr. Deimel's Linen-Mesh Underwear. Send for Catalogue. Hotel Street "Waverley Block WE MAKE SHIRTS TO Order. Telephone No. 676. No. 9-11, Hotel St. TRADE MARK: "THE TWO FACES" WAN OR MADE POSITIVE CURE FOR Dandruff, Prickly Heat AND ALL Skin Diseases; For sale by all Druggists and a Union Barber Shop. Telephone 696. F. PACHECO, Sole Proprietor. Clothing! Clothing! JAS. F. MORGAN, Broker. 33 Queen Street. P. O. Box 594. Telephone 72. THIS DAY. PIANOLA At Auction. ON SATURDAY, MAY 6, AT 12 O'CLOCK NOON At my salesroom Queen street, I will sell at Public Auction One Pianola, IN GOOD ORDER. JAS. F. MORGAN, Auct. For Sale. On Alakea Street. Property known as the Dexter premises, on Richards street, adjoining the residence of S. C. Allen. Lot has a frontage of 70.4 feet on Richards street, lower Toundary 110.5 feet and northern boundary of 156.5 feet. Property faces the Executive building grounds and is a short distance from King street. An excellent site for stores or warehouses. For further particulars apply to Jas. F. Morgan, 33 Queen Street. To Rent. THREE OFFICES IN THE LOVE Building, Fort street. Apply to Jas. F. Morgan, 33 Queen street. For Sale. A Fine Residence ON BERETANIA STREET Is offered for sale. Grounds nicely cultivated. Dwelling House has Double Parlors, Three Bedrooms, Dining Room, Pantry, Kitchen, Bath, Store Room. Outside: Stables, Carriage Room, Servants' Rooms, etc. Size of lot 75 ft x 300 ft. Should the purchaser not care to occupy the place for a residence a good tenant will take the place for one or two years at a fair rental. For further particulars apply to Jas. F. Morgan, 33 Queen street. JAS. F. MORGAN 33 Queen Street, p. O. Box 594. Telephone 72. BUSINESS PROPERTY in 18 A. E. MURPHY & CO. M. Progress Shoe House. OUR REPRESENTATIVES. We have Shoes for those to whom you will walk, for those too old to run; for those who will carry the weight, or through weary years still shuttle on. Shoes as light as the heart of youth, as strong as manly courage, as beautiful as woman's grace and firm as truth most chaste. Shoes for dry and wet, for cold and storm, for week day and Sunday, and always to be depended on. All our shoes are like good ministers they wear themselves out in the service of mankind. Interview these representatives at E. MURPHY & CO. A. E. MURPHY & CO. WHY? THE WOOD EX PLANTER Carriage Horses, Buffalo For Sale at Reasonable Prices. SCHUMAFS Fort Street Plantation Owners, Managers, Agents, And Buyers. Patronize Home Industry, no need of sending abroad for Horse. With additional improvements to my MAND FACTURING DEPARTMENT and direct importation of materials, I am now prepared to supply Planters and Agents with any amount and description of Work Harness, or parts thereof promptly, at figures that will compare favorably with Coast prices, and the assurance of a far better wearing article in my line of MANDY. Island orders promptly and satisfactorily filled. F. Philp is in charge of Manufacturing Department. C. R. COLLINS. ESTABLISHED TELEPHONE! 662. P. O. BOX 507. A. E. MURPHY & CO. A. E. MURPHY & CO. HEADACHE I received a fine shipment of Horses, Hack Horses. CARRIAGE AND HARNESS REPOSITORY. - Above Club Stables. 1891. KIDG ST., near HUHANO 8?,. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn85047084_1899-05-06_1_10_1', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1899.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '2042', 'token_count': '3050', '__index_level_0__': '34027', 'original_id': '7e9bcea25291c2acafaf19f2355cf1cf72ac60faa61a9ec69c61b98db38b7d8e'} |
Ibrahim Whyte Sesay on Coups, Revolutions, and Realpolitik
Two Novembers ago when @KhanyoMjamba published “10 of Africa’s longest serving presidents” in This Is Africa's African Identity, Yayah Jammeh was number 9 on the list.
Like all the other men in Mjamba's lineup, Jammeh had ruled over his country for more than two decades after some bloody coup and revolution.
Coups, revolutions, and power struggles are the focus of Ibrahim Whyte Sesay, a Sierra Leonean born writer based in the United States. In November 2016, Sesay published two books looking at fictional coups in Sierra Leone, as well as world wars in the east and west, up North, and down south.
Below are excerpts from Whyte's comments in a recent chat with Vitabu.
"After the CIA and the Belgians assassinated Patrice Lumumba (the first prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo) in 1961, a mere seven months after Congo became independent, has anything really changed?
"African leaders know that they rule, not just by the domestic ballot and/or bullet, but also at the pleasure of the West.
"If you take your marching orders from Washington, Paris or London and do as you are told, you stay in power, no matter how odious your rule is. Take a look at the hall of shame of African presidents, who had patrons at the Élysée Palace, Downing Street, and the White House: Bongos, Nguemas, Amins, Mussevenis, Bokassas, Mobutus etc. Some got dumped only after they became too crazy, even for their patrons.
"Yayah Jammeh, the Gambian tyrant, was given full frontal support for 22 years, with all his bloodthirsty eccentricities, until he started acting “uppity” with talk of quitting the Commonwealth and the ICC. Then voila, he suffered the most improbable of election defeats.
"The same goes for Samora Marcel (Mozambique) and Muammar Gaddafi. Gaddafi ruled Libya for forty-two years and he was tolerated, along with his all-female bodyguards, incoherent Green Book, and Lockerbie bombings.
"But when, he started talking about a common African continental currency to challenge the dollar/euro fiscal hegemony, and acting like the paramount chief of Africa, they sent in warplanes and put a bullet in his head, like they did Lumumba, and left his rotting body to decompose malodorously in a container box for the whole world to see. At least Lumumba’s body was dissolved in a drum of acid.
Either way, the message is clear:
‘Don’t mess with us, African Leader. We make or break you. Your continent and resources belong to us. We will be nice, but if you threaten our strategic interests, we will pound you like the foo foo that you so like to eat.’
"Western political leaders may not say it, but it is the culture that pervades the inner sancta of power in the West.
"In the book "Captain President" the president of Sierra Leone, Apollo Kamara, and his inner circle want a strategic partnership with the United States in the African franchise of the war on terror. They are particularly desirous of this because it brings with it a bonanza of millions of dollars; money that will be under their greedy, corrupt control. But there is a catch- the partnership will only be possible if there is an American-trained officer within the officer corps, who is conversant with the weapons systems that would pour into the country. It just happens that officer is Captain (then lieutenant) Doris Rogers.
"The deal is about to go through with the president and his brothers, when Captain Rogers resigns, listing a litany of gripes-- her talents are underused, she is a target of sexual harassment. She has married rich to a scion of Silicon Valley during her training as an artillery officer, and wants to start a family and use her own money to run a charity for military families. As part of the effort by the Kamara Boys to get the American war-on-terror partnership, they make her head of training of the Salone Army and give her time, and the logistics, to do her charity work.
"Captain Rogers claims that she came into money via marrying well in America. After she gets the presidential support to serve as the head of training in the army and do her charity work, she uses that money to buy goodwill among junior officers and non commissioned officers in the army. The Chief Justice swore her in as president of Sierra Leone, after she successfully executed the coup.
"This follows the ignominious tradition of so many military putsches in Africa: You overthrow the government, you are now president. You assure the West that you will not mess with their business interests, and you are now Your Excellency and are given international legitimacy. Sad, but true."
To buy Captain President click here
Popular posts from this blog
Vitabu features the memorable sixth chapter of Bakar Mansaray's new book
Vitabu Reads: Ponder My Thoughts Vol. 1 by Andrew Keili
Constance's World feat. the 1918 Influenza Pandemic | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9642533659934998}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '117325', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:X6MMOHYQPR6VBEVP6GNAUXCPYWCCSYBH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f39f08dc-6cac-4436-b3c8-080c114a28ca>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 25, 18, 3, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.9.211', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7JFGS6XVPDWSGSQIBB2DHE64W4GPU54L', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:60eed32f-2085-4ffd-a5fc-8fe1b6be42c3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.vitabubooks.com/2016/12/ibrahim-whyte-sesay-on-coups.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:42d97d84-a7bd-4347-91b6-0d49cfa756cc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '807', 'url': 'http://www.vitabubooks.com/2016/12/ibrahim-whyte-sesay-on-coups.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-156\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06555986404418945', 'original_id': '0f7587943f4ba8a67ee0e0cde4b01015542cea61006cd8d76f99e2856ed25758'} |
I've got a problem when I unplug my ethernet cable on my laptop, it won't switch to wireless. I try and do it manually but it just won't connect. More often than not I have to reset winsock and restart my laptop. It's a pain in the arse. Any idea as to why it's happening? Is it a router issue? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9799239039421082}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '51698', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NR4KARZJRPM2HUB5XJ4FBRHKX342F5ME', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7576ad1b-332b-4600-9a39-38d02467ae79>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 25, 9, 42, 40), 'WARC-IP-Address': '65.60.32.10', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:L53GT4Q2ZEDD5EFXDTAMU2AC7OG3A5B3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f6294885-c112-4882-a348-aba8fb22aadb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://digital-forums.com/showthread.php/1011450-Not-switching-from-wired-to-wireless?s=32c6a1b0745420e417df9d78825580e1', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:663ef6f5-0aa1-44f1-bdeb-9302244cfaff>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '61', 'url': 'https://digital-forums.com/showthread.php/1011450-Not-switching-from-wired-to-wireless?s=32c6a1b0745420e417df9d78825580e1', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-186-87-179.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.7270635366439819', 'original_id': '31d9a5c840c8f6df904e371500aebf3f4c4e4c0039d17e6a92e309a96f1281b3'} |
21.1 C
July 16, 2020
GFA suspends all football competitions
GFA suspends all football competitions
The GFA has suspended all competitions until further notice.
Below is their statement as published on their official website:
The Ghana Football Association following the directives given by the President of the Republic on Sunday, March 15, 2020, has suspended all its competitions with immediate effect until further notice.
In a statement…
View On WordPress
Related posts
Why praying in the name of Jesus is blasphemy… In the name of Allah and God is righteous.
Sarkodie hits 3 million followers on Twitter, he is now the second most followed rapper in Africa
Pope Benedict and Francis clash over catholic priests getting married and having sex | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.949763298034668}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '128554', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WANI52U3H4MDRFVWQSL2LL4W4LILSLNF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f8a92593-f71b-480d-a05b-e89c7bbfa64e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 7, 16, 4, 31, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.219.248.115', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OMPWVMASLRZOA7LC6ACVE5GTCQEUSP6G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3445890b-e492-4cff-af8d-1309fa522816>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://clickongh.net/2020/03/16/gfa-suspends-all-football-competitions/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:accae897-aa0f-459c-a18a-d3e2f5b2ce93>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '126', 'url': 'https://clickongh.net/2020/03/16/gfa-suspends-all-football-competitions/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-29\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-171.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0316694974899292', 'original_id': '65161aa5de6149545040ca03606c900f6dda81b9cdd3eb226c07880b4d66680a'} |
Why Easter?
On Easter, we celebrate the most powerful and important event in the history of mankind. But why? Tease your Easter message using this message intro that asks “Why?” – Why was Jesus sent? Why did it have to be Him? Why did He have to suffer and die? These are big questions and have even bigger answers. Celebrate His power this Easter in a big way.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9470855593681335}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '26143', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3Q34Y4NHI2EQ3RK7UKOWGZQV26WA34CZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f0da97d2-9bb0-4fb8-9054-ca26347e98ce>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 21, 10, 25, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '107.180.51.6', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VBLCIJ3TXXWRH7I52QGU5XCLU2AZ5EC7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:666b86ac-e654-45e7-893c-da4eb4355e9d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://churchstuf.com/?download=why-easter', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d76aae7f-8c83-4c98-a218-3e5dd550cae2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '72', 'url': 'https://churchstuf.com/?download=why-easter', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-235.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '1.0000097751617432', 'original_id': 'e403b638244839d06257a750ff749770d4d5e7a3406912d52f70d235cf5c335e'} |
AR# 20964
12.1 Known Issue - Timing - Clock arrival time on falling to falling path incorrect
When I do timing analysis, there are timing failures, which I believe do not exist because the clock arrival time for the destination clocks is not correct.
The Source clock arrival time is computed correctly:
TIMESPEC PHASE + PERIOD/2 = 1.67 (see UCF) + 2.5 = 4.170 ns.
The Destination clock arrival time is off by PERIOD/2. The arrival time should be:
TIMESPEC PHASE + DCM PHASE_SHIFT + PERIOD/2 = 4.625 + 1.288 + 2.5 = 8.413 ns.
Instead, the PERIOD/2 part is left off and it is calculated as:
TIMESPEC PHASE + DCM PHASE SHIFT = 4.625 + 1.288 = 5.913.
Why do the timing analysis tools produce the wrong clock edge and when is this going to be fixed?
You have is a set of constraints that are related to one another in the following way:
TS_A = 5ns;
TS_B = TS_A / 2 + PHASE 4.625;
TS_C = TS_B * 2 + PHASE 1.289;
To work around this issue, relate TS_C back to TS_A instead of TS_B.
This is scheduled to be fixed in the next major design tools release.
AR# 20964
Date 05/12/2012
Status Archive
Type Known Issues
Page Bookmarked | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '35', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8228533267974854}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '59995', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WL5JHU6UP64J7LNJLCJP7S3RVDOTWMGQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f4024691-8c83-450b-878f-1c74654f06a0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 13, 13, 51, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.50.117.92', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5M4CLFJ3QHHQPYWOL2MBPBV74UEPGT43', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5a196965-0a7a-4083-9acc-5d78462edd84>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.xilinx.com/support/answers/20964.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e165d83c-527b-4557-9f27-239326576ef2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '232', 'url': 'https://www.xilinx.com/support/answers/20964.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-134-86.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.990462064743042', 'original_id': '12b9e9e824f70e3237f89fdbee0f685df55b3782dfbef4a9237da405a4a96d4e'} |
Neuroblastoma: new approaches to diagnosis.
Monoclonal antibodies can play an important part in distinguishing neuroblastoma from other small round cell tumours of childhood. In addition, they have been useful in the identification of metastatic tumour cells in bone marrow. Though these roles for antibodies are now well proven, other functions for these reagents such as radioimmunolocalization and targeted therapy need further evaluation. The problems in the diagnostic use of monoclonal antibodies are reviewed and an assessment given on the type of panels that can be constructed as diagnostic aids. Other new diagnostic approaches in vivo and in vitro are reviewed for comparison. The rapidly developing specialties of molecular biology and molecular cytogenetics will almost certainly have an impact on the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma. Although these are currently research tools, in a short time they will be in use in routine diagnosis. With the increased basic research into neuroblastoma, it is hoped that it will not be too long before the overall survival rate for the disease is improved. In the meantime the new diagnostic approaches outlined in this paper will ensure that patients are treated with an appropriate chemotherapeutic regimen and will allow the selection of subgroups of individuals for new aggressive chemo/radiotherapeutic protocols. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '7c3f08426d3eab9d45d2f6cd6c6781c233e4b757538382e7277f7220098ef3c7'} |
Skip to content ↓
Kingswood Secondary Academy
Ofsted Good
What is the difference between safeguarding and child protection?
In practice, Safeguarding is the policies and practices that schools and Governing Bodies employ to keep children safe and promote their well-being. This means everything from security of the buildings, to the safe recruitment of staff and everything in between. Child Protection is one aspect of Safeguarding. Child Protection is a term used to describe the activity that is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering or likely to suffer significant harm. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '38', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.95227313041687}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '62970', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YTA6J45BLRBSUISWZVF2PBN3TWUNNUPF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:32e595d6-e5d4-451e-a23f-f6bf7b1350ea>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 16, 4, 2, 33), 'WARC-IP-Address': '145.239.254.173', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:IU6VVVUYCVS5UMXPZMU43HPXI4V4TBM7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f81a81ca-bbb9-45fc-86cd-bfdb1d78208c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.kingswoodschool.com/page/?title=What+is+the+difference+between+safeguarding+and+child+protection%3F&pid=264', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cbe79d58-bff1-4e77-9a41-925273608d3a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '118', 'url': 'http://www.kingswoodschool.com/page/?title=What+is+the+difference+between+safeguarding+and+child+protection%3F&pid=264', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-165-255-234.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9950196743011475', 'original_id': '6097f99d9f9e38983e878d4c0b9e662fd30b0da690e34b257aa190de7df82c11'} |
The next speaker was Robert T. Lincoln, who spoke in part as follows:— "The question debated here in 1858 was one as to which it now seems almost incredible that there could be opposing parties, and yet that question caused the longest and most bitter war of modern times. Human slavery had been protected by the laws of the United States in 1858, states of the Union. The republican party was formed by these who believed slavery to be a delusion, wrong to the enslaved and economically injurious to the community in which it existed; but the party was formed, not to attack slavery in the states where it was then lawful, but to prevent its extension into other states. The candidate of that party was elected president in 1890, and as chief magistrate he was at once confronted by the attempted secession from the Union of at first seven, but soon after states with a population of 5,000 millions of white and 2,000 millions of slaves. In spite of the most solemn and the most authoritative assurances to the contrary, the people of the seceding states claimed that their rights and property were menaced by the new administration; they formed a separate government as a nation; created armies; seized all national property within their limits and defied the constitution and the laws of the Union. Suddenly the world saw the uprising of. A great people before the little garrison of Fort Sumter had marched from its ruined walls, a proclamation was drawn by the president calling for 75,000 soldiers to suppress the insurrection, but ere there was time to issue it there came to him, to pledge the earnest support of his great ability and widespread influence, in re-establishing the authority of the national government, the democratic leader who had been his lifelong political antagonist, Stephen A. Douglas. In the peril of the republic, the contentions of democracy and republicanism were by him and the president put aside, and for the first time in their lives they clasped hands as allies in a public cause. The election then just past, more than a million devoted followers in the North had cast their ballots for Mr. Douglas, and to them and to all others whom his voice could reach he did not cease to cry until his untimely death: “Every man must be for the United States or against it; there can be no neutrals in this war, only patriots and traitors.” Upon the appalling events which crowd the history of the next four years there is here no time to dwell. We who enjoy the blessings of the liberties and of the great nationality which the valor of our defenders has made enduring, gratefully honor the names of all of them, whether living or dead. And for this we come today to the graves of these dead soldiers, who were of the men willing to give their lives that their country might live. One great lesson to be learned from the lives of these men and their comrades is that there is no danger to the republic so great that it may not be overcome by the union of patriots. And now let us dedicate this monument to the memory of these patriots of Galesburg and to patriotism. Since the close of the great struggle which it commemorates, victors and vanquished have by thousands and tens of thousands fallen into the sleep of death under the peaceful shelter of their homes. With few exceptions, the mimes of those who were, in high places of state on either side, or who led armies, or corps or divisions, in battle, or commanded squadrons on the sea, are in the great catalogue of the dead. To those who survive, the memories brought up by an occasion like this have long passed to recall the exultation of victory on one side, or the grief of defeat on the other. The reflections of more than 30 years have turned the once bitterly warring streams of sentiment into one broad river, on whose current is borne in safety and in glory the ship of state, and no one lives under the protection of its flag who does not at heart rejoice that the reek of disunion was exploded from its path and the canker of human slavery torn from its framework. After Mr. Lincoln's brief address, followed the unveiling of the tablet by President Finlay's three-years-old daughter. The tablet is of bronze with raised letters, and it is about 18 inches by two feet in size. The inscription on the tablet commemorative of the debate is as follows:— This memorial tablet is placed here to recall the joint debate between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, whose words these walls echoed October 7, 1858. "Equality" Among the different states is a cardinal principle upon which all our institutions rest. —(Douglas. "He is blowing out the moral lights around us who contends that whoever wants slaves has a right to hold them."—(Lincoln). The unveiling address was then delivered by Senator Palmer. Adresses were also delivered by W. G. Cochran, department commander, Illinois Grand Army, and Mrs. Mary E. McCauley, department president Illinois woman's relief corps. After the exercises a reception was held at the college. It is estimated that 25,000 people were present to witness the unveiling of the tablet. ENGLAND'S DEEP INTEREST IN US. Editor Lord of the London Standard, a gold man, says both widow exaggregate the bad effects of a triumph by the other. Thomas Lloyd, editor-in-chief of the Statist, the leading financial paper of London, was a passenger on the Campanja, which arrived in New York Saturday. Mr Lloyd, who has ranked for years as a leading writer on purely financial topics in England, is about 65 years old. In conversation with a Sun man, Mr. Lloyd said that he comes to America at this time particularly to take mental notes of the financial situation and to observe the effect of the presidential canvass upon vested interests in this country. The Statist favors, of course, a single gold standard. Since the silver agitation began in this country, Mr. Lloyd's paper has taken rather a gloomy view of the financial situation here, and has frequently warned English capitalists that it would be dangerous to invest in American securities, at least until the election is settled. Just when these warnings to English investors were appearing in the Statist, the demands from the United States for gold came pouring into London. When the reason for these calls for gold was sought, it was said that the crops were being moved here, that exportations were being made, and that gold was being shipped here in payment of foreign obligations to the United States. Other reasons were also given. Mr. Lloyd had his own views on the subject, but the financial situation here was puzzling English investors and English holders of American securities, and Mr. Lloyd concluded that he would just take a run over here and do a little investigating on his own account. He will probably give the results of his investigations to his English readers. When asked to discuss. As the financial situation was very unwilling to commit himself. He did, however, conclude to say:— “This much, however, I may say: Neither the single gold standard advocates nor the bimetallists should worry too much as to the result of the election. The United States government will endure and Americans will go right on working out their destiny, no matter how the election goes. I believe that the advocates of both financial policies have too greatly magnified the national danger in the event of the election going the one way or the other. But perhaps that is part of the political game. Should one of the candidates be elected, there will undoubtedly be a great disturbing of business interests, but you will adjust yourselves to the new condition. You are a people of wonderful resources and wonderful adaptability. If you find that you have made a wrong move, you will correct if as soon as you may. You will right yourselves in time. During that time, however, should one of the candidates be elected, it may be taken for granted that American securities will suffer. How long, I would not like to predict.” WEYLER’S OPENING A FAILURE. Attempt to Drive the People of Piner del Rio Results in Terrible Spanish Losses. Capt. Gen. Wheeler's initial operations in augurating the campaign in the extreme west, intended to trap Maceo or defeat and drive him east, has proven a failure, says the correspondent of the New York Herald at Havana. Gen. Melguizo, who, as military governor of Pinar del Rio, was delegated by the captain-general to start the ball, has been defeated in three successive engagements with Maceo in the mountains of Pinar del Rio, where, with the combined columns of Cols. Frances and Hernandez, he attacked the rebel positions. These columns suffered tremendous losses and were compelled to retreat to the coast. The news fell like a bombshell in the palace. The captain-general will not even permit the Havana representatives of the Madrid papers to wire the facts, and he gave strict orders to the press censor and post-office officials to use every effort to prevent the news of the failure of his plans from getting out. VERMONT LEGISLATURE OPENED. Lord Spencer of the House—Election Made on Second Ballot. The biennial session of the Vermont Legislature opened at Montpelier at 10 o'clock Wednesday morning with a large proportion of members present. The House for the first time in its history contained a full membership of 245, every constituency having succeeded in making an election. Of these 225 are republicans, 18 are democrats and one independent; also one populist. The Senate contains 30 members, all republicans. The House was called to order by Secretary of State C. W. Brownell of Burlington. Prayer was offered by Rev. J. Edward Wright of Montpelier. The roll-call consumed about 20 minutes, after which the members were directed by the presiding officers to prepare their ballots for the choice of speaker. M. A. Lord of Montpelier was elected on the second ballot, receiving 137 of the 23 votes cast. George M. Powers of Morristown received 58, Kittredge Haskins of Brattleboro 31, and Henry L. Clark of Castleton 11. The contest was not as animated as was anticipated. After taking the oath of office, Mr. Lord made a short speech of acceptance. Fred A. Howland of Montpelier was elected clerk of the House for the ensuing two years on a Viva voce vote. I. C. Cheney of Morrisville is assistant clerk. Max Powell of Burlington was elected secretary of the Senate on the first ballot. The Senate then adjourned. The oath of office was administered yesterday afternoon to Gov. Josiah Grout of Derby and to Lt. Gov. Nelson W. Fisk of Isle la Motte, following which Gov. Grout read his inaugural message before the joint assembly. A reception was tendered Wednesday evening to Gov. Grout and retiring Gov. Woodbury at the Mansion House. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn83020847_1896-10-09_1_6_2', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1896.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '1850', 'token_count': '2297', '__index_level_0__': '12346', 'original_id': '72b401f6cc2c095f645af9d5b0dd2ebdbf213f8881887d5ebab4dda778c26330'} |
Characterization of the unique regulatory mechanisms of phorbol ester-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte spreading in an acidified environment.
In vitro studies have shown that acidic conditions impair spreading of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which is prerequisite for activation of microbicidal functions. However, the mechanisms by which pH affects polymorphonuclear leukocytes functions remain obscure. Moreover, in vitro observations seem to contradict the fact that an acidic microenvironment often prevails at sites of inflammation where polymorphonuclear leukocytes must function for host defense. In the present study, we found three peculiar characteristics of porcine polymorphonuclear leukocyte that had been induced to spread over fibrinogen-coated surfaces by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in acidified medium. First, the PMA-induced spreading at acidic pH, but not at neutral/alkaline pH, was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Second, the spreading at acidic pH was independent of protein kinase C (PKC), whereas that at neutral/alkaline pH was strictly PKC-dependent. Finally, the spreading at acidic pH, but not at neutral/alkaline pH, was suppressed by H2O2 produced by activated NADPH oxidase or added exogenously. As a result, polymorphonuclear leukocyte spreading at acidic pH peaked at 30 min after PMA stimulation, and declined thereafter because of negative regulation triggered by accumulated H2O2, whereas that at neutral/alkaline pH was stable for at least 90 min. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium or the H2O2-degradation enzyme catalase consistently stabilized the spreading at acidic pH. We conclude that PMA-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes spread in an acidic environment through a mechanism different from that under neutral/alkaline conditions. This H2O2-mediated negative regulation system in an acidic environment may be crucial for avoiding tissue-damaging inflammatory actions of accumulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vivo. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b5d05031ee39fbf5e7d69c80c6664b83ed1d6fc1112d7476535b3b46ed5f0c86'} |
The Russian word in the title means “to conceal”. Let me give you a modern-day example thereof.
There is an international group of people whose purpose is to hobble the industrial capability of the advanced nations of the world, so as to “equalize” the outputs of those nations and the “emerging” nations — much as racehorses are handicapped by carrying heavier weights to compensate for their greater ability. There are all sorts of reasons for this group to exist: some members are part of the emerging nations themselves and seek to help their client countries, while other members are citizens of the advanced nations who wish to improve the chances of the emerging nations by slowing or crippling the advanced nations. The motives of the first group (the “emergents”) are obvious, unambiguous and completely understandable. Those of the second group, however, are a lot less so, unless one understands the philosophical underpinnings of their actions.
There is a socio-political philosophy that advancement of one group can only occur at the expense of another; in other words, progress, wealth, development and so on are all finite, and therefore when one group advances, it takes from the “pool” of, say, wealth which by definition will impoverish others. This philosophy is called Marxism.
So while both emergents and Marxists have different motives, their goal is the same: handicapping the progress of advanced industrial economies.
There is a third group of people who have yet another philosophy, but whose goals (at the moment) are similar to those of the emergents and the Marxists. This last group, whom I’ll call the naturalists, prefer to think of the Earth as a perfect ecosystem that is despoiled by the actions of Man, and therefore will support any initiative or action that lessens the baleful effects of human activity. (These are the people who will oppose electrification of a rural Third World community because electrification will “spoil” the traditional culture of the community, regardless of the fact that the traditional culture causes people to starve in huge numbers and have infant mortality rates six times greater than their own group.) This group is largely ineffectual because their philosophy is ignored not only by thinking people, but by the people in the Third World who believe, rightly, that things like electricity provide a greater chance of survival in their hostile environment. But the naturalists serve an important purpose in the furthering of the three groups’ common goal (handicapping advanced nations’ progress and prosperity): their philosophy can be adopted by all three groups as an umbrella.
Advanced nations are likely to reject attempts to slow them down to allow competition from emerging nations — sentiments like “we welcome competition” are utter nonsense because nobody likes competition except the beneficiaries thereof.
Advanced nations also accept the fact that Marxism is nonsense — wealth is not finite, it’s infinite — and even when advanced nations buy into Marxism slightly (e.g. most of Western Europe, all of Scandinavia and people living in coastal U.S.A.), they will acknowledge privately that Marxism fails utterly wherever it’s practiced in its purest form (e.g. Cuba, the former Soviet Union and lately, Venezuela).
Advanced nations also accept the fact that the entire ethos of human history and endeavor is the exploitation of the Earth’s resources to improve the condition of humankind. Sometimes that exploitation is excessive — the open-pit mines of Kazakhstan, the deforestation of Eastern Africa for farming, and so on — and all recognize the need for responsible and even delicate management of resource exploitation where it can be done. Needless to say, the degree of responsibility is the subject of debate.
All of which brings us to the maskirovka.
I have written extensively as to why all current climate prediction models, the basis of the maskirovka, are a load of junk. Rather than do all that again, therefore, I’ll just refer to this excellent summary.
Update: For some reason, the last part of this post did not appear, so I’ve rewritten it below. Many apologies.
The goal of the three groups cannot garner support from the broad mass of people, for the simple reason that most people (of all skills, nationality and education) will not buy into the disparate philosophies of all three groups. What is therefore needed is a overriding message which can cover and conceal these philosophies and blur the goals into a single thesis. That statement has to have some underpinning, so a set of data — climate data — has been assembled to alarm people into thinking that not only is climate change imminent and catastrophic, it is also man-made (anthropomorphic). That the data is junk is beyond debate; one test of a mathematical algorithm supporting the thesis of “CLIMATE CHANGE SOON! WE’RE ALL GOING TO DIE!” found that not only was the algorithm flawed, but it created precisely the same conclusions regardless of the data fed into it — randomly-generated numbers, in other words, had the same conclusion as actual climate data points. (And the data collection methodology of the latter was also flawed, meaning that the foundation data was junk to start off with, hence the need to jiggle the calculations to provide the required conclusions. In the data analysis business, we used to call this the “K” factor, or to use its proper term, Lies & Bullshit.)
Of course, when people (such as myself) pointed out the inherent fallacy and mendacity of the maskirovka, the hysterical name-calling and insults were bound to follow: “climate-change denier” (consciously linking the term “denier” into the same category as “Holocaust denier”) became the term, rather than the more appropriate “skeptic”. Note too that the original term for “climate change” was “global cooling” in the 1980s, then “global warming” in the early 2000s (Al Gore, call your office), and then when the contradictory terms for the same phenomenon were pointed out, the thesis was quickly renamed into the catch-all “climate change”.
None of this, however, can refute the utter fallaciousness of the climate change data (also proved by the constantly-shifting doomsday dates of global catastrophe, all of which have either been passed or else can plainly be seen to be nonsensical). Further (actual) scientific research has shown that solar activity — which cannot be controlled by human intervention — is largely responsible for the overwhelming number of climate change events. This, then, is the simple reason for the hysteria with which anthropomorphic climate change skeptics are attacked; the mathematical foundation of the thesis is fatally flawed and indefensible, actual climate change is uncontrollable, and therefore the focus has to be shifted to impugn the skeptics. Some have suggested that skeptics be treated as criminals, some in academia have been ostracized by their peers and/or forced out of their jobs, and so on.
None of this matters. The plain fact is that the maskirovka has failed, millions of climate change research dollars are imperiled, and without the figleaf of “science” to support it, the entire coalition of the emergents, Marxists and naturalists is no longer viable.
The Emperor, truly, has no clothes. Anyone claiming otherwise is either a fool, a liar or a villain. There is no other alternative.
I think there is one incorrect word in this sentence, Kim. I believe “regardless” should be “because”. The increased mortality cited is not a bug to these folks — it’s a feature. Humans are an infection of Gaia that must be killed off (starting with others far away from them, of course).
2. “nobody likes competition except the beneficiaries thereof.”
You mean other than consumers that benefit from increased numbers of providers competing for their dollar?
The truth about “Climate Change” is that nobody really denies that climate changes. It has been a feature of this planet since its inception. Sometimes the temperature goes up, sometimes down. It is due to increases and decreases in the radiation from the Sun as much as anything else. What “Climate Change Denier” heretics deny is “Man Made Climate Change”. It is a feature of the hubris of Humanism, that Man is God. “Man Made Climate Change” proves Man is God because he can destroy his own planet, as well as himself.
The Gaia believers are fun to mess with. If the planet is an actual entity with its own “life” and awareness, all she has to do is shrug her shoulders to get rid of the pesky human insects. Try pointing that out to them sometime. They may have to retreat to a safe space.
3. The kleptocrats of the Third world are wedded to only one philosophy- “what’s in it for ME?”.
Marxism, “Climate Change”- what ever philosophy that lets them keep power and keep their pockets nice and padded, they’re more than happy to parrot the party line.
4. Climate change is a bunch hooey design to take money out my pocket into someone else’s without be buying anything. Also called theft.
Got no time for anyone espousing. Based on its following it does not surprise be it is being pushed by a bunch of criminals.
5. The driving force behind all this is a core of marxist/leftist/scientists who believe that scientists should make the rules and have them applied globally at the point of the government’s gun. It has always been a power play for control. To achieve those goals, it is perfectly acceptable to lie about the data, destroy the reputations of anyone that disagrees with them, force garbage science down the throats of population, then claim that the science is inarguable and closed for debate. That is not science, it’s dogma.
Normally, such a group of people could easily be ignored, except that they have insinuated themselves and their beliefs into every facet of government and “We, the People” wind up paying the bill. They have been pushing this crap for over 50 years. Time to push back.
Comments are closed. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '46', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9577197432518004}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '55275', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZFOEJT6EYJEYB4ACAWWYWIPQF5XBE5Y6', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:69d537c5-e380-451b-ab62-051b89e2ff01>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 14, 2, 1, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.111.126.218', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2YGTH2WV3GEB4SX353A3WW3HLHYJTR24', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0d8b297d-f80d-43e9-9d78-91008bd4a0b0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.kimdutoit.com/2017/04/21/maskirovka/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:cd9a9396-41b2-4e53-8987-ebb584972cf8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1636', 'url': 'http://www.kimdutoit.com/2017/04/21/maskirovka/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-233.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.042821407318115234', 'original_id': '34d0841df1ad6d0535d4067ce65f33f799ad5a7ad61b7f112e71403e9da311f1'} |
Advanced Partner
SQLI was created in 1990 and is the partner of reference for businesses and brands in the digital transformation of their customer experience and all internal services affected by this development.
Its unique positioning at the crossroads of marketing and technology enables it to meet the challenges of developing sales and reputation (digital & social marketing, customer experience, connected commerce, data intelligence, etc.) and the challenges of productivity and internal efficiency (digitisation of operations, collaborative company, mobility and connected objects, CRM, etc.) in a comprehensive way.
It has 2000 employees in France (Paris, Lyon, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Rouen, Lille and Nantes), Switzerland (Lausanne and Geneva), Luxembourg, Belgium (Brussels), the Netherlands, and Morocco (Rabat and Oujda).
In 2016, the SQLI Group’s turnover was €190.8 million. Since 21 July 2000, SQLI has been quoted on Euronext in Paris (SQI). | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9222140312194824}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '27892', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZKIZSX2BO3O5DQOAFOXAGXDE2BSX5CIC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e1d709f3-3adf-4106-900e-a9a94b2f2174>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 22, 10, 6, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.19.151.207', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FZROYHRS2576KWSMKYMU4W2WZK6FRTKU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ed91e450-4322-4d6c-a9e8-88d83141b456>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://ez.no/Clients-Partners/Find-a-Partner/SQLi', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:66bd9285-cb45-436d-bada-9442bbfb713b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '130', 'url': 'https://ez.no/Clients-Partners/Find-a-Partner/SQLi', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-69-221-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.029580235481262207', 'original_id': 'ac9594e95799963ea4e6cc1c8797adaa6232aee2b10460e20b2af133a1279988'} |
Take the 2-minute tour ×
With Client Object Model API and a bit of javascript, I want to retrieve the items of a sharepoint list and display them into the web page, when the web page loads.
I've successfully implemented examples working with button or link click event handler. But when I try to use the code with onload I get an error.
Assuming I've my ViewItem() function defined in the head.
If I use this code in the body:
<a onclick="javascript:ViewItem()">View</a>
all is fine.
If I try with classic onlaod, the call fails:
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = ViewItem ;
The line of code in ViewItem function which generates the error is as follows:
var myContext = new SP.ClientContext.get_current();
This code works fine with the onclick event handler, but fails with the onload event handler with error:
SP.ClientContext is null or not an object
How can I solve this issue? Why it happens only when the function is called with onload?
I've tried managing the onload with ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded as suggested by the answers below, but no success. The behavior is as follows now:
The onclick works fine.
As soon as I add the code ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded in the HTML body, the ViewItem function does not get executed and the onclick returns the error message which I've described in my initial question.
If I remove the onclick and leave the onload only, no error is returned but the ViewItem does not get executed.
I've found that it works fine with jQuery only. Don't know why.
Code Details: https://gist.github.com/1744459
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 9 down vote accepted
The reason why you get the SP.ClientContext is null or not an object error is because when you call your function on window.onload event, the sp.js file is not loaded on the page yet. The sp.js file contains all the code for the Client Object Model and hence your code is not able to find the SP.ClientContext object.
The solution is pretty simple. Call you function like this:
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function(){ ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded(ViewItem, "sp.js"); };
The ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded function makes it sure that your ViewItem function is executed only after the sp.js file is completely loaded on the page.
The accepted (working) solution is as by the comments jQuery:
$(document).ready(function(){ ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded(ViewItem, "sp.js"); });
share|improve this answer
Do you have jQuery with you? you can try: $(document).ready(function(){ ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded(ViewItem, "sp.js"); }); instead of the window.onload – Vardhaman Deshpande Feb 5 '12 at 9:33
Also, it would be great if you could post your code here. – Vardhaman Deshpande Feb 5 '12 at 9:35
Code posted. Thanks it works with jQuery!!! Why only with jQuery??? See gist.github.com/1744459 for details. – Emiliano Poggi Feb 5 '12 at 9:56
I have a look at your code and I think the window.onload should be inside the ContentPlaceHolder with ID PlaceHolderAdditionalPageHead. Currently, it is in the ContentPlaceHolder with Id PlaceHolderMain – Vardhaman Deshpande Feb 5 '12 at 10:15
@Andrey You can always do ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded(function(){ ViewItem(param1,param2); }, "sp.js"); – Vardhaman Deshpande Feb 14 '14 at 19:45
SharePoint 2010 introduces new feature named Script On Demand. It means that almost all scripts in sharepoint loaded on demand. In your situation you access to SP.ClientContext that is declared in sp.js, which is not loaded yet. Special function exists to wait until particular js file is loaded - ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded. This function accepts two arguments - function and script name. If script with specified name already loaded, function will be called immediately, if not, it will be called as soon as script will be loaded.
Your code using this notes should look like:
window.onload = function(){
ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded(ViewItem, "sp.js");
And some more notes. If you want to run some js code after page load, preferable way to use shaerpoint built-in mechanism (or jQuery if possible) which involves using _spBodyOnLoadFunctionNames array. This array contains function names that will be called after body loaded. So, updated code:
function myfunc(){
ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded(ViewItem, "sp.js");
share|improve this answer
Have you tried to use _spBodyOnLoadFunctionNames as I described? – Kai Feb 5 '12 at 9:40
I've just tested it - it is not working with window.onload, but is working with _spBodyOnLoadFunctionNames – Kai Feb 5 '12 at 9:54
Thanks for your time. It works only with jQuery. See gist.github.com/1744459 for details. Are you able to tell me why? – Emiliano Poggi Feb 5 '12 at 9:56
I've tested, it works, could you please post your code, how do you use it? And if any javascript errors appears? – Kai Feb 5 '12 at 10:12
@empo, I'm not arguing to this :) However, personally I used _spBodyOnLoadFunctionNames tens of times (if not hundreds) and I know that it is a workable solution. Thus I assume that something is wrong with your environment/code/whatever. For example, you don't need referencing sp.js with <SharePointWebControls:ScriptLink Name="SP.js" runat="server" OnDemand="true" Localizable="False" />, and this code could be the one who causes the issue. Anyway, since it is not my answer, I'd prefer to leave further explorations and testing to @Kai :) – Andrey Markeev Feb 5 '12 at 10:54
Using window.onload in a modular application like SharePoint is not a good practice, as the latest window.onload will overwrite all others. My take is that it is your issue here.
Instead, SharePoint implements a built-in mechanism to pile up onload functions (as explained by Kai). I would expect this to work (not tested):
share|improve this answer
I would suggest that you shouldn't use the window.onload(); instead try and use this.
// executes when HTML-Document is loaded and DOM is ready
ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded(ViewItem, "sp.js");
alert("(document).ready was called - document is ready!");
Hope this fixes the issue.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '32', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8458462357521057}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '94018', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:P4CZSFQC7QBLFQGMRKWEHUI67BTR55UD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:64616958-b37d-4ab5-a31d-aaedd9d1f3d9>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 6, 2, 25, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.252.206.140', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6UH5GZJMJLJIUPDCBMID6YKE2FYLCPX6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5d8e7335-9de9-4295-9863-376972424322>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/28534/javascript-to-display-sharepoint-list-items-on-page-load/28535', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:866f5160-35e5-44b3-922d-52bc240d46ad>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '928', 'url': 'http://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/28534/javascript-to-display-sharepoint-list-items-on-page-load/28535', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09361016750335693', 'original_id': '4a02f8e482d887e64b3f051e537ab4e3b75ea4ae6144a81883638288706608cb'} |
FITT Training Principles
The following can help you plan and or gauge your training progress.
It is highly recommended that if starting a training program you complete a medical screening process with a qualified expert.
How often are you training?
The more often you are active the greater the health gains.
1 30 minute session of moderate activity should maintain your health.
2-3 should see improvements.
4-5 you must be training for something.
6-7 cut it out, your body needs rest, unless your a seasoned pro, kia tupato.
To make it easy make it fun with family, friends, music or whatever you enjoy.
How hard are you going?
Intensity levels are often described as between;
1. Light 45-60%, walking and talking - jogging
2. Medium 60-75% jogging - running
3. Hard 75-100% running - sprinting
Some experts recommend that you start out slowly and build up.
There are others such as Dr. Ihirangi Heke who supports the GO HARD then GO HOME approach*, for more info check out;
How long are you active and what times of the day?
The more time you spend "pushing play" the better off your health will be.
SPARC recommends Adults should be "moderately active" for 30 minutes a day, tamariki 60, rangatahi 30-60.
If you struggle to find the time, try starting with 5-10 min session, how about turning off the box and not being part of the average TV watcher of 3 hours per day TV 3.
Exercising in the morning not only gets it out of the way, but because the bodies metabolism is working faster, you burn more energy ALL DAY!!!
What types of activities are you doing?
Some of the main types of training include;
1. Cardiovascular or Aerobic this focuses on the heart and lungs ability to transport enough oxygen around the body
2. Strength increasing the muscles strength and endurance by stressing with load bearing exercises like bench press
3. Flexibility focuses on stretching the muscles, always warm up 5-10 minutes, stretch 10-15 sec for warm up and 20-30 sec for cool downs
4. Specific for any sport or activity, i.e. triathletes will spend hours swimming, biking and running
Other Elite athletes may use a cross training approach to vary the training program and reduce the risk of overuse injuries.
Again we suggest any thing that you enjoy that keeps you active, whakatakaro!!!
* We have invited Dr Heke to provide some literature for our site and look forward to posting it in the near future
Follow Us
Contact R2R
* means required information.
2. Your Name(*)
Please let us know your name.
3. Your Email(*)
Please let us know your email address.
4. Your Phone
5. Message(*)
Please let us know your message.
6. Are you human?
Invalid Input
R2R is Part of Kokiri Marae | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.915762186050415}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '41017', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QQSY7OY7ACWTYYXA7FP3SUDIKNWJ64N7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:761ae18e-5a97-4c4a-836b-29357f7df482>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 28, 22, 3, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '103.18.56.46', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:R3UY4NHLV7QCYGGRPTGGAHWJAQIWAQ4R', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a347dec4-53a6-4100-971b-eefbc85c859d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.r2r.org.nz/maori-health/fitt-training-principles.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8a34afd5-0011-4f72-b8cb-7e8dce439016>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '491', 'url': 'https://www.r2r.org.nz/maori-health/fitt-training-principles.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-129.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4448051452636719', 'original_id': 'd5874b6e78f1032107c6a6d1e6105e8b5059bc5f7e46ffc21a2784f73f47bb81'} |
GOTHAM PLAYERS LEAD AT BRIDGE Three Pairs in Van for Title, With 56 Remaining in Play Today. 87 the Associated Press. NEW YORK, March 7.—Six New Yorkers and a pair from Holyoke, Mass., today led the 56 teams remaining in the Goldman pair trophy competition, a part of the Eastern bridge championships matches. The leaders in the four sections are: Edward Gordon and Philip Tuttle of Holyoke, Mass., 226½ match points. Lester Bachner and Lee Langdon of New York, 240. Mrs. C. E. Norwood and F. E. Slater of New York, 238½. New Yorkers in Lead. Bert Lebhar, jr., and Milton Moss of New York, 2433½. Play will continue tonight, when the pairs will be cut to 28. Ten teams resume play this afternoon for the Reisinger fours trophy. Win the four ace: A team captained by David Bumstine leading. One of the hands in the Goldman competition which resulted in a big win for James M. Magner, jr., and William Campbell of Boston was the following: NORTH. (Geoffrey Mott-Smith.) Spades—Q, 10, 8, 2 Hearts—A, Q. 9 2 Diamonds—10, 9, 8, 7 Clubs—A WEST. EAST. (Magner.) (Campbell.) Spades—K, 9, 7, 5 Spades—J, 6, 3 Hearts—K, 8, 6, 5 Hearts—J, 10, 7 Diamonds—A, 6 2 Diam.—K. 5, 4, 3 Clubs—7, 5 Clubs—7, 5 SOUTH. (Albert Morehead.) Spades—A, 4 Hearts—4, 3 Diamonds—Q. J Clubs—K, Q. 9, 6, 4, 3, 2 The bidding was: South (dealer), one club; West, pass; North, one spade; East, pass; South, two clubs; West, pass; North, two hearts; East, pass; South, three clubs; West, pass; North, three no trump; East, pass; South, three no trump; East, pass. At most of the tables where the three no-trump contract was reached, the bid was made, but Magner removed the only entry dummy had and North was unable to make use of South's six good clubs after North's club. A was played. Murder at the Army Post. Prof. Pordney is professor of criminology at a famous university. His advice is often sought by the police of many cities when confronted with particularly baffling cases. This problem, which has only one possible solution, has been taken from his case book, covering hundreds of criminal investigations. BY H. A. RIPLEY. ON THE dew-laden grass just inside the Army post lay the body of Maj. John Nigard of the United States Marine Corps, a single bullet hole through the immaculately white regulation uniform—except that there was a bit of dried blood surrounding it. Inspector Kelley made a casual examination. "Looks like he was shot with a 32 automatic. Where is that doctor?" Kelley was impatient. A small, bristling man of about 50 approached. "Ah! The police!" he exclaimed. "I’m Chief Tomahawk of the Sioux Tribe; but examine that man and let us know something. Found on a Government reservation and the police have to handle it!" The inspector. Or had a toothache. The physician went to work with a glare at Kelley and looked of curiosity at Fordney, who had not introduced himself. “If you knew anything,” he haughtily said after a few minutes, “you'd know that rigor mortis had set in: that this man has been dead for at least four hours, and that he was probably shot with a 32 caliber revolver. “Go on, general!” Kelley’s tooth was aching badly. "All right,” retorted the Army man. “He was shot right here and died in less than five minutes!” "Yeah? You’re telling us?” replied the inspector. "Well, that’s just a lot of ‘bull’!” he said, removing a sharpshooter's medal from the crisp coat pocket of Nigard’s uniform. "You’re right, Kelley," quietly interposed Fordney. HOW DID THEY KNOW THAT CAPT. BULL WAS WRONG? (For Solution See Page B-16.) Perhaps you have a story or problem you would like to submit to Prof. Fordney. If so, send it to him care of this paper. He will be delighted to receive it. MOTHERS... watch CHILD'S COLD COMMON head colds often "settle" in throat and chest where they may become dangerous. Don’t take chances — at the first sniffle rub on Children’s Musterole once every hour for five hours. Children’s Musterole is just good old Musterole, only in milder form —bringing ease in five minutes, and relief in five hours as a rule. It gets such marvelous results because it ’s NOT just a salve, but a “counter-irritant”—quick and helpful in drawing out pain and infection. Used by millions for 25 years. Recommended by many doctors and nurses. All druggists. In three strengths: Regular Strength, Children’s (mild), and Extra Strong. TAX RELIEF IS VOTED — New York Senate O. K.’s Amendment Providing Exemptions. ALBANY, N. Y., March 7 (AP).—The Democratic-controlled Senate, following closely a message by Gov. Herbert H. Lehman, demanding "prompt action," yesterday approved an amendment to the 1 per cent emergency gross income tax. Intended to relieve the "little igllow." The amendment passed by a vote of 60 to 1. It slashes $14,000,000 from taxes due April 13 by allowing exemptions of $2,500 for married persons, $1,000 for single persons and $400 for each dependent. The tax is payable on incomes for 1933, and automatically expires on June 30 next. Should the Assembly reject the amendment, it will bring in an estimated return of $23,000,000. FOREIGN AVIATION RAPIDLY Germany’s Service With other Nations an Outstanding Feature. By the Associated Press. While the United States still maintains world leadership in air transportation, aviation in foreign countries is registering marked improvement and expansion. Improvement in Germany’s air service with foreign countries is an outstanding feature of the 1934 program of the Deutsche Lufthausa, commercial aviation in France has made definite progress in the last year and even long-somnolent China is now making notable strides in aeronautic development. The German airline will inaugurate this month a regular scheduled service to South America via the floating air port, Westfalen, in the South Atlantic. The service will follow the route of trial flights which was via British Cambia to the Westfalen and then to Natal, Brasil. Test flights From British Columbia to Natal required 17 hours and 30 minutes, it is hoped eventually to eliminate the stop in mid-ocean. Traffic to be improved. Traffic between Germany and all other European countries is to be improved or existing routes. Flights are being made now between Berlin and London twice daily, and it is expected that these will be increased to three times daily. Improvement already has been made in the Berlin-Darmstadt-Moscow service. Commercial flying in France is now under the control of one company, Air-Trance, organized by the merging of five air-transport companies. It is the largest airline company operating in Europe, with equipment comprising 219 planes, of which 27 are hydroplanes and 5 amphibians. The government has provided numerous flying fields where student pilots may practice regularly, and arrangements have been made to grant purchase premiums to aeronautical clubs buying airplanes, under this premium arrangement many companies are constructing small planes for touring. Passenger transport by air has shown a steady increase in France during the past five years. In 1933, the total number of passengers reached 49,154, as compared with 36,892 in 1932 and 24,310 in 1929. With the State lottery and special patriotic drives raising millions of dollars for the purchase of airplanes and equipment, China made notable progress in aviation during the last year. The China National Aviation Co., operating with American pilots, has expanded its mail and passenger service lines operating between Shanghai and Peiping via Tsingtao and Tientsin and between Shanghai and Canton via coast ports. It also extended its Hankow-Chungking service to Chengtu, the capital of a province in Western China with a population of 50,000,000 and still without railways. During the year, planes of The Chinese company flew approximately 900,000 miles and transported 2,000 passengers. The proposed Sino-German air line from Nanking to Berlin, via Loyang, Lencow and Central Asia, is still in the experimental stage. The United States' leadership in commercial aviation is illustrated by the fact that in one month, January last, scheduled air lines flew 3,430,451 miles and carried 28,170 passengers. VASSA ORDER TO MEET Drott Lodge, No. 168, Vassa Order of America, a Swedish society, will celebrate its twenty-fourth anniversary Friday night with a supper dance at the Roosevelt Hotel. The affair starts at 8:30 p.m., when there will be a number of brief addresses by members of Congress and attaches of the Swedish legation. There will be dancing until 1 am. Our Own Importation of Mexican Class Consequently, the Prices Are Extremely Low This crude, handmade glassware is always in demand — and we suggest that you take advantage of this new shipment, for such glassware is not turned out in great quantities. It has a sparkle and distinctiveiveness that cannot be achieved with a mere machine — and because it is handmade, pieces may vary slightly in size. In the great assortment are these—in Cobalt blue. 4-inch Plates, Candlesticks, each...$1 30c each: $3 dozen. Finger Bowls, $4 dozen 30c each; $3 dozen 8-inch Plates, Beer Mugs, 50c each; $5.50 dozen 30c each; $3 dozen 10-inch Plates, 85c each; $9 dozen Pitchers...$1.50 Glasses...30c each; $3 dozen 7-piece Decanter Sets, in cobalt blue, aqua, and burgundy...$1 A group of bowls and vases, low priced at $1.50 to $5. Also Pottery Pig Banks for children, 15c to $1. The Gift Shop, Seventh Floor. Use This as Torchères or an Indirect Lamp $9.50 This is one of our newest lamps—and a splendid value at $9.50. Four styles—Venetian and gold—with slender insert of mica at the top. You will be delighted with the light it gives—the indirect light for bridge, reading, and general use—the torchères for its decorative possibilities. Bulb priced extra. Lamps, Seventh Floor. EUROPE BOUND? Sail on Uncle Sam’s great new ships. WASHINGTON, MAR. 14 Later sailings: April 11, May 9. From Europe: Mar. 28, Apr. 25 MANHATTAN, MAR. 28 Later sailings: Apr. 25, May 23. From Europe: Mar. 14, Apr. 11 With their running mates, the Pintam Under the same national standard at sea and Pacific Hams, these new American One Class ships of the American popular American line provide a icon Merchant Lines with a sailing every weekly service. All ins every Wednesday Friday direct to London, fare $100 to $100. San to Cobh, Plymouth, Havre and Hamburg, your local steamers. UNITED STATES LINES. Districts Maritime Lists Roosevelt Steamship Co. Inc. Great Atlantic. Company's Office, 734 14th Street, NW, Tel. National 1645 WOODWARD & LOTHRAF 10™ 11™ F and G Streets, Phone District 5300 This Is Destined to Be a Spring of Interesting Window Effects Draperies exploit huge block plaids... the smartest glass curtains are daintier than we have seen them... printed voiles are back again, to take the place of marquisette... checked gingham combines smartly with a plain color, to make adorable draperies and matching spreads. These are the new window decorations for Spring—and they are as refreshing as the season itself. Prices are extremely moderate. Novelty Net Curtains, 2½ yards long, 36 inches wide... Woven Plaids, for slip covers, draperies, couch throws, yard. Sketched New Waffle Cloth Draperies, in colorful plaids; 2½ yards 25 long. Cottage Sets, of white organdy with large butterfly bow in rose, blue, or gold. Draperies, Seventh Floor. With Lowered Necklines Coming Into Prominence for Spring—Use Denney's Throat and Neck Blend, This splendid cream is designed to overcome crepey throat and preserve or regain the youthful contour and firmness of The neck. Too, it has a tendency to smooth and whiten the skin on the neck. It is but one of the many grand Denney products. Other Sizes, $5.50 and $11 Toiletries, All sizes 16, First Floor. One Year Ago—We Inaugurated A Quality Dry Cleaning Service We earnestly solicit the continued patronage of those of our customers who have used this service, and invite the patronage of those who have not tried Quality Dry Cleaning such as we offer. Lower prices now prevail in some instances— 1-piece Plain Dresses with Sleeves, $1.25 Men's 3-piece Suits, $1 Telephone District 5300 Dry Cleaning Desk, 11th and G Streets Corner, First Floor. A Popular Seller at a Higher Price—Tomorrow We Offer 25 Chairs with Pillow Backs and Solid Mahogany Frames 45 One of the Most Noteworthy Values We Have Offered This Year They are well-proportioned—cut on generous, yet graceful lines, with curved arms. They are finely made— feather-and-down for the pillow back, spring seat cushions, sagless spring base, moss-and-cotton filling. They are exceedingly comfortable and relaxing—the cushion back, deep seat, ample size, all contribute. In short, they are all-around satisfying chairs. Beautifully covered in fine tapestries, in green, rust, blue, and gold. Furniture, Sixth Floor. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn83045462_1934-03-07_1_20_1', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '2100', 'token_count': '3173', '__index_level_0__': '17889', 'original_id': '4923db5826cec70ed477a2be5ff9765340593a3b499f4a3a216c86b325da419d'} |
How to protect your bike and your wallet!
Tuesday, June 24, 2014
You may or not know know this, but Mom's Home Run is written from the Netherlands.
The Dutch are well known for their love of bikes. They don't use bikes just for sports! Bikes are used to get around. They're an important mode of transportation. A typical Dutch mom will have one child in the back, one child in front, while carrying two bags full of groceries in her bike bags.
Unfortunately bikes get stolen all the time. I myself lost one lovely red bike to some mean thief. It's about 20 years ago, but I still hope that thief took a bad fall while riding my bike! And my eldest son already had two bikes stolen. So now he rides an old bike to school, that's so ugly and terrible no thief will want it.
Ashwin wrote an interesting article about bike theft and getting insurance!
Top reasons that make cycle insurance irresistible
Here’s a shocker for you – a hundred bikes get stolen every day in London. And that's just the number of bikes that are reported stolen! Bikes are an easy target for thieves. And there's not much that will keep them from carrying out their evil plans. So, what’s the solution to this problem? The answer is simple – cycle insurance. Here, I intend to bring out the most lucrative advantages of going for cycle insurance.
1. Cycle theft is easy, common, and can happen any time!
There’s every chance that you know someone who has lost a bicycle in the recent past. The fact is – bicycle thefts are terribly common. Bikes are easy to steal, and easily dismantled. The thief will then sell your poor bike's parts on the shady markets of the city, without leaving a trace, or any chance of it getting back to the unfortunate owner. Even if you invest in strong chains or other anti-theft measures, you continue to run the risk of the scoundrels having their way by breaking through the measures. Considering how expensive modern bicycles have become, and everything stated above, a cycle insurance product is a necessity. Especially if you’re living in a region that has witnessed such thefts.
2. Home insurance policies don’t always cover cycle theft
Not all home insurances will cover bicycle theft. Most insurance companies even explicitly exclude bicycles from insurance. And those that dó promise coverage, won't pay for bikes parked in garages attached to houses or at the front lawns of the house. So it is advisable that you opt for a separate bicycle insurance policy.
3. Bicycle accidents could cost you your health and money
Considering the traffic situation on the roads, cycling to work is not among the most advisable modes of travel, in spite of the health advantages. Whether you skit and have a fall, or a recklessly driven car scratches past you, making you lose your balance and suffering a terrible crash, a cycle insurance cover will ensure that you get the medical expenses sorted out without your bank balance suffering any inadvertent blows.
Save yourself from a loss of hundreds or even thousands of dollars, and get the coverage of a good cycle insurance policy right away; it’s the smartest decision you could make today!
Do you ride a bike? And have you got insurance for bike theft? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9498052000999452}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '85018', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:IFXWBHNSDR7M4XWJ7VUSE5JNXIV2UP4M', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:85c2647c-65b3-4d91-a8b2-7df65fb017c8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 20, 9, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.8.19', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RI2NUZEU2A6SYDUMJD42Q4OIA7FDX5IA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cc185e75-77c9-4b3a-8c42-fffc5fb54778>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.momshomerun.com/2014/06/how-to-protect-your-bike-and-your-wallet.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e71513ee-39eb-4b80-9bcd-8dc9953a2bb5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '545', 'url': 'http://www.momshomerun.com/2014/06/how-to-protect-your-bike-and-your-wallet.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-159-220-225.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02004605531692505', 'original_id': 'aa7098136addd316e5c43a79d0382d846b2b01729b0e8d6dc3cc4a0bb5a95420'} |
Investigating the Effect of Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Polymorphism of MDR-1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 on Clopidogrel Resistance.
Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet agent that is indicated for cardiovascular emergencies and procedures. The drug, however, is subject to response variability leading to therapy resistance. In this research, we explored the demographic, clinical, and genetic factors associated with clopidogrel resistance. Data analysis among our 280 subjects receiving clopidogrel showed some risk factors that are significantly associated with clopidogrel resistance compared with responders. Those were: female sex (P = 0.021), advanced age (P = 0.011), obesity (P = 0.002), and higher body mass index (P = 0.008) and higher platelets count (P = 0.002). However, known polymorphisms of MDR-1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were not associated with treatment resistance when compared to responders to clopidogrel therapy. Knowledge about such risk factors might provide recommendation in the future about starting doses or monitoring recommendations. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '224dc58201d43efa06b9223230551fe446a9d30b92e1a8de7cce1ebec9e1b09a'} |
6 tips for using Google Insight
Search-Engine-MarketingImage by Danard Vincente via Flickr Google Insights for search has just been released, offering a whole wealth of data that previously was not available. For your SEO and PPC campaigns there are a lot of words that can be targeted based on this. However if you are looking at this from an industry perspective and want to gauge yourself and how you rank it is also extremely valuable. Having played around with it a little recently these are some skews I would advise;
1) Look at your category
It may be difficult to find the exact niche that you inhabit, but drill down to as close to it as you can. What is the trend in terms of searches, is it seasonal, is their growth in the category, what are the top keywords. Then look how much share you get proportionally of the big terms, this is illuminating because it gives you an idea of the size of the opportunity, can you optimize your page better, should you bid more on this area.
2) look at your brand
how have the searches for your brand been performing (as marketing person you hope that your brand becomes even better known). Can you tie in bigger peaks in spend with promotions that you undertook. Can you see what is working to get your name out, and what isn’t. Are there cycles on how people look (time of the year/month/week), is there some way that you can optimize based on this (this ties into how you manage your campaigns and the information you have about customer behaviour- day/week parting, bidding more round payday etc)
3) Look at different geographies
Start off on worldwide for all your searches and then split them into different countries. Look at these and see if you have some large market share in an unknown geo (that’s the joy of having an online business, no borders). Is your site big in Norway, why is your site big in Norway, should you start adding localized payment systems and structures? This can isolate areas where you should focus, similarly it may outline areas that you’re underperforming.(as this is based on IP address I wouldn’t take the extremely local/city perspective too seriously)
4) major searches
look at what the core search terms are around your brand and in your category. Are you bidding on them, maybe if you drill further into this they will give you some interesting phenomena. E.g. marketing in other languages you may not know what the up-to-date slang terms are and these may be reflected in the upcoming terms.
5) segment over time
this I think is one of the more interesting functions. You can find out how things developed with your brand/category/search term. How the geographic makeup changes over time, and what happens with related terms. If you have made specific promotions around a time, how did people react to it, did they search for you for terms related to it. Where do you experience the most organic growth, also look at your share of the search, how does this change over time. Looking at the matrix of marketing spend, competition and time and try to figure out how it fits together.
6) competitors popular search terms
are a mine of information. What is their positioning, what are the major terms that people are searching for around their brand, what should you be bidding on, what are the major traffic drivers from a seo perspective. See what share they have of the top terms. In most industries/categories there are a few key terms which drive the majority of the traffic (good old 80/20 rule). We call these the k10 (for our top 10 keywords). Who owns the largest share of these and how does it change.
These are a couple of things that you can do with Google Insight that should give some more beef to understanding your market and where you sit within itRelated articles by Zemanta
Reblog this post [with Zemanta]
Leave a Reply
WordPress.com Logo
Google photo
Twitter picture
Facebook photo
Connecting to %s | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9564996957778932}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '62309', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CT4A2S4KHQI3JDAJ2IJ3K47OFSH6ASUW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9ffd152c-4863-46af-ae05-4dc7729359a8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 20, 19, 48, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2FXS54RWUCHP4IB7LAJPVB3RC22GUOMU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2268fb25-dce8-45d7-b67c-aea3405c9237>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://brendanmcnulty.com/2008/08/28/6-tips-for-using-google-insight/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c4d449b4-dd19-4980-ab72-d95ab324609d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '726', 'url': 'https://brendanmcnulty.com/2008/08/28/6-tips-for-using-google-insight/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-170.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5211635231971741', 'original_id': 'e6897fcdbfc7eecf4bec65d6f987120e92be83dc23f830b0c40968d3b25bed06'} |
Follow
Melis A. '08▾
Melis A. '08
Course 2A
Born in the suburbs of D.C., I used to live across the street from a nuclear reactor, and my current house is two blocks away from the National Institutes of Health. Perhaps my love for science and engineering was inevitable.
My name is Melis and I graduated from MIT in 2008 with a degree... read more »
David Berry: A “Fearless” Innovator with a Passion for MIT
As Technology Review’s 2007 Top Young Innovator of the Year, MIT grad Dr. David Berry knows a thing or two about success. Though he is only 29 years old, he has 24 patents-pending and has been touted as a fearless innovator with “new and insightful ways to tackle problems.” While he admits that he wouldn’t jump out of a plane, his mantra that big ideas require big risks is evidenced by his various research endeavors. As an MIT undergrad, he worked for two and half years Ram Sasisekharan, a professor of Biological Engineering, and did his senior thesis project on visual image processing in the Schiller Lab. More recently, he has tinkered with bacteria to make them produce a petroleum-like fuel, engineered a protein that shows promise as a stroke treatment, and developed polymers that can kill cancer cells.
Berry may not know the exact ingredients in the special sauce that makes MIT such a mecca of talent, but it’s clear that he can’t get enough of its taste. He arrived at MIT’s campus in 1996 as an undergrad and has not ventured far from the Institute ever since. And why should he? After graduating in 2000 with a degree in Brain and Cognitive Science, he entered the Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology program and completed his PhD in Bioengineering in the famed Langer Lab and his medical degree from Harvard Medical School. Now a Principal at Flagship Ventures, a leading venture capitalist firm located down the street from MIT, David plays an active role in developing biotech companies.
From the vantage point of his office overlooking the Boston skyline, it seems that life is good for Berry and he admits that he’s “having a blast.” I asked him if he always knew what he wanted to do with his life, and he admitted that he always had a plan but never followed it. While his interests included business and management, David originally wanted to become a neuro or orthopedic surgeon. In his senior year of college, he decided to take the MD-PhD route and make research a priority. He was able to finish his Ph.D relatively quickly, partially due to his ability to pipette with both hands simultaneously (!) Armed with the skill of ambidexterity, he was well on his way to becoming a professor when he received a call from Flagship Ventures and decided to focus his career on finance and technology-based entrepreneurship. He is currently focusing on two companies: LS9, the renewable petroleum company whose technology he helped develop, and T2 Biosystems, a diagnostic company that will improve medical decision-making and treatment.
As a bona fide graduate, Berry remains active in the MIT community. He is on MIT’s board of trustees, called the Corporation, which ensures that the Institute “adheres to the purposes for which it was chartered and that its integrity and financial resources are preserved for future generations as well as for current purposes.” Only one person is chosen from 160 MIT alums nominees, so to the 5-year term position is clearly an honor and a privilege. Serving on the Corporation allows Berry to contribute to the evolution of MIT. He thinks that MIT is “true to itself as a school” and provides its students with the best skills sets, experiences, and background in science and engineering; graduates have innumerable opportunities since “everyone knows that you have earned your Brass Rat.” In addition to pushing its students to, he notes that MIT constantly pushes itself to improve- as evidenced by the rising success of the Sloan Business School.
In spite of all his success, Berry remains humble- he doesn’t think that he could have gotten into MIT now, given his less-than-perfect SAT scores (I respectfully disagree!). His advice to current high school students is to “Go to MIT!” Well, he also thinks that there are many rumors and stereotypes in the college application process and student should do their own research by talking to people who attend the schools on their wish list. Though these people may be quick to complain, he suggests paying more attention to what they say they enjoy. He also emphasizes that classes aren’t everything. His high school extracurricular activities included music (he played the piano and saxophone, and was a member of a Ska band) and sports (competitive tennis and soccer) in addition to the classic science and math clubs. His athleticism continued at MIT, where he was on the ski team, rowed crew, and participated in intramural sports. His final word of advice is that “school is a great place to be, so take the time to mentally explore and learn a lot about yourself.”
Comments (Closed after 30 days to reduce spam)
I too will respectfully disagree with the SAT thing. My scores weren't shiny, but I wangled my way in, and I'm doing fine now. I think. =) It always makes me happy when there are people like him, great but humble.
Great story!
On a side note, of all the blogs I've read from you, it is an interesting coincidence how almost 75% of them have the name Harvard somewhere.
Posted by: 0 on October 4, 2007
AH, but is he married?
Posted by: anon on October 4, 2007
Anonymous: Clever observation =) Since my interests lie in the biomedical sciences, I tend to focus on people who have research in similar areas. MIT and Harvard have very strong collaborations in this field.
@another anonymous- Sorry, but my name is actually Edgar. I was distracted and forgot to put my name! =)
@Melis- I figured that would be the reason!
Posted by: Edgar on October 5, 2007
I am ex Indian Airforce engineer have many innovative ideas. i.e. a nexg generation automobile engine and an exciting new mode of tranasportation which will make life different and much easier on the mountains(it carries load up at a great speed and consumes no little energy , a new indicator for the weather (it can make watching weather very interesting),my honda's (100 cc) city riding condition mileage crossed 100 kmpl mark and more.
please help whom should i contact to?
Posted by: delam rathour on October 5, 2007
@Hunter '11
When you say they weren't shiny, any figures on that?(read: do you mean to say just a tad below 2400?:)...)
But seriously, hats off to Mr. Berry! Its people like him who truly show the innovative way in which MIT quietly caters to the world. The humility he shows considering his eye-watering accomplishments is rarely seen today. Does MIT really make you that sort of a person?....Wow...
Posted by: Nihar on October 5, 2007
@Nihar:
I guess that depends on what you mean by "tad" below 2400. I mean, really, 600 is only a tad below 2400 in the great scheme of things - in a universe that's a kazillion lightyears long, what does the difference of 2400cm or 600cm matter?
That's my roundabout way of saying I was below the MIT average, even in math. I'd prefer not to give actual numbers for fear that people may start trying to gauge their chances. DON'T DO IT. I thought I was a longshot. My father thought I was a longshot. My counselor thought I was a longshot. And yet not only was I admitted, I was admitted early. They look for more than scores, so don't focus on them!
And remember the average is the average - just as many people are above it as are BELOW it. =)
This is such an inspiring story. It's pumped me up to go out and do something!
Posted by: Ginger on October 5, 2007
@Hunter'11
Thanks. What I realize is...that a "tad" is just a relative term . I gave my SAT 2's yesterday and considering I havent covered 60% of the course set for the test in school, lets see just how relative my scores are.
(P.S. Amazing how relativity pops up everywhere huh?. I think God has to accept that Einstein qualifies to share his nick
Posted by: Nihar on October 7, 2007
Omg...hopefully i will we able to register one patent at all :D Great article! | mini_pile | {'original_id': '7ce006750e593a500a5c0917562aacbc2b3c7a9d4e6b2dadb4c235a6ad484871'} |
Progress Party pledges to legalize moonshine
Progress Party pledges to legalize moonshine
Tennessee Moonshine
"When a country decides something should be banned, it should consider whether it is really necessary," Progress MP Anders Anundsen said as he announced the policy on Sunday. "We need to stop banning things that might as well be allowed."
Many of the targeted bans revolve around alcohol and tobacco.
The party wants to allow drinking on election day and in public places, allow wine to be sold in shops, and allow beer to be sold after 8pm on weekdays and after 6pm on Saturdays.
As for tobacco, it wants to remove a bans on hookah tobacco and on the display of tobacco and tobacco products in shops.
Anundsen defended the plan to allow home distilling, claiming it as part of Norwegian culture.
"In Norway that was actually an old tradition which you are now no longer allowed to do, despite it having no major result in terms of alcohol policy."
Other bans slated for the chop include ones most people would agree are unnecessary, such as those on liquorice pipes, corner fridges, Segways, and keeping reptiles as pets.
But they also include many calculated to annoy the socially conscientious, such as those on incandescent light bulbs, tanning beds for the under-17s, political advertising on television, product placement, and the requirement to have wheelchair access in all homes.
Audun Lysbakken, leader of Norway's Socialist Left party told TV 2 that the alcohol plans amounted to "dangerous" populism.
"The combination of allowing moonshine and liberalizing opening hours is dangerous because it will lead to increased consumption, and we know that this will affect vulnerable children and create more violence."
He conceded, however, that he too was partial to liquorice pipes, and would be happy to see the ban removed.
Anundsen dismissed such concerns about the health impacts of removing so many safeguards.
"You know, there are many prohibitions that would give even bigger effects. For example, if you are banned driving, all car accidents would disappear."
Member comments
Become a Member to leave a comment.Or login here. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '19', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.960423231124878}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '86105', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E6FBFW6SP5SYSLLWJO5SMZIR7ZEYKXQQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ab1e33e6-ca85-47c7-ab3f-b5ab240167a3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 24, 8, 18, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.3.211', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:E6GGAMHX2V42DG7XNH4VDDTFYFOI3DZS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:703ed782-cb1e-412e-9b78-92b2d7f9023d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.thelocal.no/20130826/progress-party-to-allow-moonshine-in-plan-to-chop-30-bans/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:167fd68a-c4e9-4c16-b0b9-faf0d882413e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '369', 'url': 'https://www.thelocal.no/20130826/progress-party-to-allow-moonshine-in-plan-to-chop-30-bans/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-28\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05997204780578613', 'original_id': '1bedb721e9173f59ecae45a20bdf8522cc4b2ddedc2817157254f436e517b4c9'} |
Probably the genesis of the Grade-B surfing and Beach Blanket movies, no mean feat in my humble opinion. Dee is spunky teen (only 15 when this was filmed!) who gets in over her head, in more ways than one, hanging out with the older guy surfers. The boys don't know whether to take her seriously or not, until she ends up on "old-timer" Robertson's couch with the lights off and the fire roaring..... Light comedy/drama played straight by the actors to a pleasing finale. Kind of ahead of its time, it has more of an early-mid 60's than a 50's feel. There's only one real Gidget - this one - which was followed by several inferior movie and television productions, none involving Dee. Frankie Avalon stole Robertson's character name, the Big Kahuna, for his 1987 beach blanket reprise "Back to the Beach". | the_stack | {'hexsha': '6ba79bda6021027138f44ba28d40734800d8af85', 'size': '805', 'ext': 'txt', 'lang': 'Text', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'data/aclImdb/train/unsup/5097_0.txt', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'anmamend/MLDevelopment', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '5e9df4ef4bdc27562cf8801fe8777dd6d1d1220a', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '235', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '2018-08-31T07:42:05.000Z', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '2022-03-10T06:00:04.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'data/aclImdb/train/unsup/5097_0.txt', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'anmamend/MLDevelopment', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '5e9df4ef4bdc27562cf8801fe8777dd6d1d1220a', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '34', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '2020-03-20T19:36:40.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '2022-03-20T13:00:32.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'data/aclImdb/train/unsup/5097_0.txt', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'anmamend/MLDevelopment', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '5e9df4ef4bdc27562cf8801fe8777dd6d1d1220a', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '284', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '2018-10-18T05:47:01.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '2022-03-28T07:03:08.000Z', 'avg_line_length': '805.0', 'max_line_length': '805', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.7776397516', 'original_id': '5e8acbf8681b10c52f8c79d22c88318315555cbfa5b1ec9efbe1c4386d9cb9c0'} |
Adarei Man
Singer Asanka Priyamantha,
Composer Malka Malwara
Lyricist Aradhana Ekanayaka
ආදරෙයි මං ඔය හිතට තාමත් සිහිනයටවත් ඔයා දැන් නාවත් වෙන්වෙල...
Our records indicate that Adarei Man is sung by Asanka Priyamantha, . The lyricist of this song is Aradhana Ekanayaka. The composer of this song is Malka Malwara. Adarei Man's first published year is unknown. We would like to invite you to submit it if you are aware. You can listen to this song by visiting the following youtube link: Lk Lyrics is largely a community maintained application. Please feel free to use our android app or web site to submit corrections to this song.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '124', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9200956225395204}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '20947', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YYXJRULLJPJINT2P2TLGBD6EXQKZVHTH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:971bfd87-d84b-47ba-afd7-0838d976debf>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 17, 0, 32, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.237.2.34', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MWZC7JBVDX2LP2OUB474ADIATCMXFZOL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:488092ed-1ed7-4e8a-9c55-6cc29b7b9ecf>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://lklyrics.com/songs/aradhana_ekanayaka/adarei_man', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0f1016d0-a2a7-4cb4-bffa-5b70f8a34027>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '199', 'url': 'https://lklyrics.com/songs/aradhana_ekanayaka/adarei_man', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-76.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025091886520385742', 'original_id': '332c4841b6baa9a76b8dcd92abd2b07091e18be50df34c47c11a30ffda5ad213'} |
In today’s world of college recruiting, so much emphasis is placed on how many stars a prospect has and if they’re in the Top-100 of whichever website’s player rankings. Thankfully, coaches like Baylor’s Matt Rhule ignore these subjective evaluations, and instead, trust their own ability to find and develop college stars and NFL Draft picks.
It is that strategy that led Rhule’s Temple teams to two 10-win seasons and got 0-star recruit Haason Reddick taken 13th overall in the 2017 NFL Draft.
The latest unheralded gem Rhule and his staff may have uncovered is 2019 cornerback Markel Reed out of Temple High School in Temple, Texas. Baylor was the first Division I school to offer Reed a scholarship. For now, the 6-foot-1, 166-pound Reed cannot be found in any website’s recruiting rankings.
However, even if he felt slighted or overlooked, it was not stars or All-American games that drove Reed to work toward a scholarship.
“It was my dream to be able to get a scholarship and make my mom proud,” Reed said. “We would struggle week in and week out, and that was just my motivation, that was my fuel to just get better and better day-by-day”
Reed’s mother, Kristi Milligan, raised him by herself, and Reed said she’s always done everything she could for him.
Last season, as a sophomore, Reed played sparingly as a reserve on a Temple team that made the state championship game. He realized that if he wanted to fulfill his dream to give back to his mom, he had to work and seize his opportunity.
“After the state game I knew my time was coming fast,” Reed said. “So me and the football team would constantly go to the field every weekend and work out.”
When Baylor’s coaches made the 30-minute drive south and attended a Temple spring practice, Reed caught their eye. Baylor invited him to attend their camp in the summer, where Reed said they continued to show him love. Reed was a guest at four of Baylor’s home games this season and really enjoyed his experiences.
“I love the feeling of college football,” Reed said. “Just being in pregame with them, so many loyal fans and everything. It’s like a big family that will never break.”
Finally, on Nov. 3, Baylor offered Reed his first scholarship.
Extremely blessed to say that I received my first D-1 offer from Baylor ! @BUFootball pic.twitter.com/E1MxGSG8xF
— KEL1️⃣8️⃣ (@_markelreed) November 3, 2017
According to MaxPreps, Reed has 22 tackles, one interception and eight passes deflected this season for a Temple team in pursuit of another state title. Reed said that his best qualities as a player are his belief in himself and ability to frustrate opposing receivers.
“I’m a very confident corner,” Reed said. “I like to get into the opponent’s head. I try to model myself after Josh Norman and Jalen Ramsey. They both play with no hesitation and have all the confidence in the world.”
As a junior, Reed still has plenty of time to grow into an imposing corner and further develop his skills. Without a doubt, other schools will start to take notice of his potential, but Reed doesn’t really have any preconceived notions about his recruiting process.
“I’m just trying to make it for my mom and see what school is the best fit for me,” Reed said.
When asked about Baylor, Reed added the Bears may have a slight advantage.
“Well it’s always great to remember the first school that noticed you before others did,” Reed said.
Another Baylor advantage may come from the developing pipeline between Waco and Temple. Reed’s 2019 classmate, defensive end TJ Franklin, committed to Baylor a few weeks ago, and Baylor freshman linebacker Ashton Logan was a defensive leader on Temple’s state runner-up team last year.
Proud to say that I will be verbally committing to THE Baylor University 🐻🐻#sicembears @CoachE_BU @evancooper2 pic.twitter.com/4JrdTmByBG
— Tj Franklin (@Tf24Tj) October 28, 2017
“Ashton has kept in contact with me, as a matter of fact, we were talking earlier,” Reed said. “Temple Wildcats really deserve it, man, with the great coaching staff that we have, working us hard, making us the players we are now. We have a lot of talent here and some guys that deserve more interest than they get, but we just take it step-by-step and become better young men day-by-day.”
Baylor fans will eagerly wait to see how the school’s relationship with Reed, other underappreciated talents and the Temple Wildcats continues to grow. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '2022519040b22cdc65714e20735b6fa2a47ffbe0bd9556de067e91029302f4b5'} |
’Digilized by Google xw ,^.: 5 . s.'if’ Digitized by Google Digitized by Google RÉPERTOIRE GÉNÉRAL D V THEATRE FRANÇAIS. TOME 4g. Bigil i ged by Google RÉPERTOIRE GÉNÉRAL / DU THEATRE FRANÇAIS, COMPOSÉ DES TRAGEDIES, COMEDIES ET DRAMES DES AUTEUES DU FEEUISE ET DU SECOND OEDEE, Restés au Théâtre Français ; AVEC TTNE TABLE GÉNÉRALE. THÉÂTRE DU SECOND ORDRE. COMÉDIES EN VERS. — TOME XV. il. NICOLLE, A LA Librairie stéréotype, rue de Seine, n,” 13. M. DGCC XVUX. Digitized by Google Digitized by Google LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. COMÉDIE, PAR COLLIN D’HARLEVILLE, Tleprésentée , jvoiir la première fois , 1# 20 février 1789. Quel esprit ne bat l'a campagne ? Qui ne fait cliiiteaiix en Espagne ? Picrochole , Pyrrhus , la laitière , enfin tous , Autant les sages que les fous. Chacun songe en veillant ; il n’est rien de plus doux. LaFostaise, Fable de la Laitière et le Pot au Laii, Thiéâtrï. CciB. *n vtri. l5. I Digitized by Google PERSONNAGES, M. d’Oufel’il. Heshiette, sa fille. M. DE Elobvilee, son futur époux. M. d’Obiaxge, rl omine aux châteaux. ViCTOB, son valçt. Justine, femme-de-cli ambre d’IIenriettCL François , valet de M. d’Orfeuil. Olivieb , autre valet de M. d’Orfeuil. Un Laquais. La scène est au château de M. d’Orfcuih Digitized by Google LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE, COMÉDIE. La scène représente, pendant la pièce, une salle du château. ACTE PREMIER. SCÈNE I. MADEMOISELLE D’ORFEUIL, JUSTINE, MADEMOISELLE d’oRFEUIL. Mou père ne vient point ! J O s T I n E. Il ne tardera guères : II avoit à Moulins , je crois , beaucoup d’afTairei. mademoiselle d'o r F e u I l. le crains... La nuit... JUSTIKE. Que craignez-vous ? MADEMOISELLE d’orfEOIL, Je lie sais... Mais ces bois.. JUSTINE. _ Boni bon ! monsieur est suivi de François. Digitized by Google 4 LES CHATEAUX EX ESPAGXE. MADEMOISELLE d'o B F E U I L. Et, dis-moi, que feroientdeux hommes seuls sans armes? Mou père devroit ])icn m’eparguer ces alaimes , Revenir moins tard... JUSTINE. Oui, surtout lorsqu’on l’atteud, Pour ncTus tranquilliser sur un point important. Tenez , mademoiselle , en lionne conscience , * La peur sert de prétexte à votre impatience ; Pourquoi monsieur est-il de la sorte attendu? C’est qu’au rctoiuil doit parler du pre’tendu ; C’est qu’il doit apporter des lettres d'Abbeville, Qui manjueront quel jour doit arriver Florville. MADEMOISELLE d’ O B F E U I L. On diroit que vraiment je ne pense qu’à lui ! JUSTINE. Mais... nous n’avons parlé d’autre cliose aujourd’hui f Sujet inépuisable! et, depuis six semaines, Encoi-e neuf ! mademoiselle d’obfeuil. C’est loi qui toujours le ramènes. JUSTINE. Je le ramène , moi , pour vous faire plaisir ; Dès que j’en dis un mot, je vous vois le saisir... MADEMOISELLE d’ ü 11 F E U I L. Eh bien ! je te l’avoue , oui , ma chère Justine , ' 11 me tarile de voit celui qu'on me destine.. JUSTINE. Rien n’est plus naturel. Moi-même, en vérité, J’ai , sur ce point , beaucoup de curiosité. MADEMOISELLE d'üBFEUIL. Je me fais de Moi ville une image chaimanta. Digitized by Google 5 ACTE 1, SCENE I. J D s T I H E. J'ai peui' qu’en le voyant, cela ne s« de'ments. MADEMOISELLE d’oEFEUXL. Sans doute, U sera jeune et bien fait... JUSTINE. Oui, d’accord. mademoiselle d’oefeuil. Noble dans son maintien. JUSTINE. Cela peut être encor. mademoiselle d’oefeuil. Tiens , Justine , déjà je le vois qui s’avance D’un air respectueux, et pourtant plein d’aisance { Car il sait allier la grâce et la fierté , Et ce qui frappe en lui surtout , c’est la bonté. N’attends point un époux libre et trop sûr de plairCj Qui se prévaut d’abord de l’aveu de mon père, Et , sans me consulter, vient signer le contrat ; Mais un amant soumis , discret et délicat , Qui doute , dans mes yeux démêle si je l’aime , Et me veut obtenir seulement dé moi-même. JUSTINE. Sans doute il a beaucoup d’esprit ? mademoiselle d’obfeuil. Assurément ; Non pas de cet esprit agréable , brillant , Qui s’exhale en bons mots , en légères bleuettes , Et fait pour éblouir des sots ou des coquettes ; Mais un esprit solide , aussi juste que fin , Soutenu, délicat, et... de l’esprit enfin. Aussi je le pourrois distinguer entre mille : Sophie, en un clin d'œil, reconnut son Émile. t. Digitized by Google 6 LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. mSTINE. Eh !... TOUS peignez d’après vos héros de romans. Ces héros, j’en conviens, sont uimahles, cliarniaiits ; Mais pas un n’exista, pas un n’est véritable. Le vôtre n’est, je crois, ni vrai, ni vraisemblable. Jamais on ne verra d’homme qui suit parfait, Ni de femme non plus. U ADEMOISEI.LE D’onFEUlL. Qu’est-ce que cela fait? Laisse-moi l’espérance; elle me rend heureuse. SUSTIA E. Pour vous, pour votre époux elle est trop d.ingercuse. Votre époux , sans cela , vous eût paru fort bien : Vous l'attendez parfait; il ne paroitra rien. Moi je monte moins haut , afin de moins descendre ; Et raisonnablement je crois pouvoir m’attendis A voir, avec Florville, arriver un valet ^ Un valet qui sera jeune , leste bien fait , Qui m’aimera d’abord , et me jilaira de même ; Qui ne tardera pas à me dire qu'l m’aime, Et bientôt de ma bouche obtiendra même aveu. Ce n'est demander trop ni demander trop peu : Mais vous, mademoiselle, oh ! c’est une autre affaire. « MADEMOISEI. LE d’o n F E U I L. Tu verras, tu verras si c’est une chimère ! J O s T I s E. J’ignore ce qu’au fond sera votre futur : Rabattez-en d’avance un peu, c’est le plus sûr. Mais quoi? j’entends du bruit ; c’est monsieur. atAOEHOISELSE D'OUrEUIL. Ah ! Justine! Digitized by Google ACTE ï, SCÈNE I. JUSTIWE, Le cœui; bat, n’est-ce pas? HABEMOISELLE d’oRFEDII. Un peu. JXJSTIHE. Bon ! J’imagina <?n’il battra bien phis fort quand le futur viendra. MADEMOISELLE d’oBFEÜIL. Mon père tarde bien à monter. J ÜSTIUE. Le voilà. SCÈNE IL MADEMOISELLE D’ORFEUIL, M. D’ORFEUIL, JUSTINE. M. D'OaFEüIl. Me voici de retour! bonsoir, ma chère fille. Qu il est doux de revoir son château, sa famille , Tout son monde ! 3Ia foi , je ne suis bien qu’ici. MADEMOISELLE d’oUFEUIL. ^ otre absence nous a paru bien longue aussi. JCsxiNE, malicieusement. Ah ! oui, si vous saviez ce que c’est que l’attente ! Nous soupirions !... MADEMOISELLE d’okfeüil, vivement. Comment se porte donc ma taute? M. d’orfeuil. -ssez bien : elle m a chargé de t’erahrasser, Ma fille ; et c est par là que je veux commencer. (Il l’embrasse.) J’ai fort heureusement fii^ la grande affaire. Digitized by Google 8 LES CHATEAUX EN ESPA'èsE. J’ai d'avance arrangé tout avec mon notaire : Je te donne à présent la moitié de mon bien... • MADEMOISELLE d’ODFEUIL. Epargnez-moi , de grâce, et changeons d’entretien. Mon père... avez-vous?... M. D'OBFEtlIL. ‘ Quoi? MADEMOISELLE d’oUFEDIlT’ Reçu queltpies nouvelles? Bt. d’or FEU IL, foi (J liant de ne pas comprendre. Des nouvelles? ah ! oui. MADEMOISELLE d’oUFEUIL. Vraiment? Quelles sont-elles? M. d’oufedil, de même. Le grand-seigneur... MADEMOISELLE d'ORFEUIL. C’est bien de cela qu’il s’agit ! M. d’or FEU IL. I. Un courrier de Berlin nous arrive, et l’on dit... JUSTIKE. 11 nous importe peu qu’il arrive ou qu’il parte; Et nous ne connoissons qu’un pays sur la carteit C’es» Abbeville. M. d’obfeüil. Ail ! ah ! j’en reçois aujourd’liui Une lettre. ÏUST INE. Allons donc 1 MADEMOISELLE d’oRFEUIL. Mon père... est-ce... de lui? Digilized by Google ACTE I, SCÈNE U ' M. d’o n F e c I l. C'est l’oncle qui m’écrit. Je vais bien te surprendre i Dès demain en ces lit ux Florville peut se rendre. mademoiseue I)’o n F e d il. Vous ne le disiez pas : vous êies méchant. M. d’o n FEU IL. Bon ! Je n’ai pas tout dit. Saclie un trait plaisant... Mais non Il sera plus prudent de t’en faire un mystère. MADEMOISELLE D'oitFEDIL. Pourquoi? M. d’o R F E n I l. c’est que jamais tu ne sauras te taire. MADEMOISELLE d’ouFEUIU Que vous avez de moi mauvaise opinion ! Mon père , soyez sûr de ma discrétion. I M. d’o R F EU IL. Eh mon dieu ! nous savons ce qnc c’est qu’une fille : Et Justine, d'ailleurs, qui babille, babille!... MADEMOISELLE d’o H F E U i l , h dcmi-voix. Pour Justine, on pourroit l’éconduirC, entre nous. JUSTINE. Oh ! non , je suis aussi curieuse que vous , Et tout aussi prudente, au moins, je vous proteste: Ainsi je prétends Lien tout entendre, et je reste. MADEMOISELLE d’o R F E U I L. Mon père , en vérité , vous êtes bien discret. M. d’o R F E ü I L. si vous me promettiez de garder le secret... MADEMOISELLE d’orFEUIL. Ah I Je vous le promets. iO LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. /XISTIHE. Je le promets de même. M. d’orfeuil. La chose est , voyezvoixS , d’une importance extrême. Tenez. (Il tire une letlrje de. sa poche , et lit.) « Mou vieux ami... » (Il s’interrompt.) Que ce litre m’est cher Aussi notre amitié ne date pas d’hier : Je le connus... MAOEMOISELLE D’onFEDII,. Pardon , voulez-vous bieB permettre Que nous suivions le hl? M. d’obfeuh. Ah ! oui. (Il continue de lire.) R D’hier matin, « Notre jeune homme est en chemin , « Et de près il suivra ma lettre. « Mais j’ai cru vous devoir prévenir d’un dessein, « Assez bizarre , au fond , s’il faut ne rien vous taire. <c De sa future il désire , entre nous , R Observer, à loisir, l’humeur, le caractère. « Dans cette vue , il doit s’introduire chez vous R En simple voyageur, avec l’aif du mystère , H Et non comme futur époux. » } UST15E. Plaisante idée ! MADEMOISELLE d’o B F E U I L. Et mais !.... elle semble promettre.... Je ne sais quoi. . , <1 ACTE I, SCENE II. M. d’oufeüil, avec intention. Pardon , voulez-vous bien permettre Que nous suivions le fil? MADESf OISELLE D’onFEÜIL. Ah ! j’ai tort, en elFct. M. n’onFEDii, continue de lire. « Je suis loin d’approuver un semblable projet ; « Mais j’ai cru cependant devoir vous en instruire. « Car, prenant mon neveu pour un simple e'tranger, « Vous pourriez , sinon l’^onduire , « Mon cher, au moins le négliger. « Embrassez bien pour moi votre charmante fille. « Je suivrois mon neveu, si je me portois bien. « Adieu. Derval. » Plus bas , on lit par apostille : « Gardez mieux mon secret, que je ne fais le sien. • (A sa fille.) Eb bien ! voilà le tour que Florville te joue. MADEMOISELLE d’oUFEDIL. Il n’a rien d'offensant pour moi , je vous l’avoue. Monsieur Derval a tort de bl&mer son neveu. Les^poux d’à présent se counoissent trop peu. Le projet de Florville annonce une belle âme ; Et qui d’avance ainsi veut connoître sa femme, Est sans doute jaloux de faire son bonheur. M. n’onFEUIL. Je lui pardonne aussi ce tour-là de bon cœur. Qu’il t’observe de près , il en est bien le maître: Tu ne peux que gagner à te faire connoître. JUSTINE. Mais on n’est pas lâché pourtant d’être aveitL 12 LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE; W. D’on FEU IL. De l’avis, en effet, saclions tirer parti. 11 va jouer son rôle : cb bien ! jouons le nôtre Paroissons , en effet , le prendre pour un autre. D’abord, comme il ppurroit aniver dès ce soir, J’ai dit à tous mes gens de le bien recevoir. Mais sans fab-e semblant du tout de le counoître. JUSTINE.^ Bon. J’entends des chevaux : c’est Florvüle , peut-être. SCÈNE IIL LES phécédents, FRANÇOIS. r n KH ç O is , hors d’Iialetnet, ÜIONSIEUII, votre futur est arrivé. M. n’otaFEUiL. Paix donc. Je t’avois défendu ce terme-là. FRANÇOIS. Pardon ; Je l’oubliois. Enfin, voici monsieur Florville... M. D’on FEU IL. Encor ! Mais songe bien à réformer ton style. rnANçois. Lui-même il se trahit. Tenez, il me parloit, A moi , comme l’on parle à son propre valet. JUSTINE. Et... son valet... est-il aussi bien de figure? F n A s ç O I s. Eb ! mais il est fort bien , d’agréable tournure. JUSTINE. Et dis-moi... ACTE I, SCÈNE IH. i3 M. D’OnFEÜIt. Finissons. Ne vas-tu pas le voir? Florville va monter ; il fout le recevoir. (A François.) Qu’il vienne. {François sort.) SCÈNE IV. JL4DEMOISELLE D’ORFEÜIL, M. D’ORFEUIL, JUSTINE. M. n’oBFEüix, à sa fille, (jui paroU embarrassée. Eh ! mais, cpi’as-tu? mademoiselle D’onFEUIL. L’arrivée imprévue... De Florville. .. M. d’oufedil. Eh bien ! quoi? MADEMOISELLE d'ORFEüIL.' N’étant point prévenue.:. Je suis en négligé. M. d’orfeuil.' Bon 1 cela ne fait rien. mademoiselle d’o n F e u I a; Pardonnez-moi... Je vais auparavant... M. D’onFEUlL. Fort bien ! Passer A la toilette une heure ; et je parie Qu’au retour tu seras une fois moins jolie. MADEMOISELLE d’o n P E U I E. Je ris de tous ces riens, et lu’y soumets pourtant. Je vous promets , du moins , de n’étre qu’un instant. ( Elle sort.) XLtiâirc. Coin, «n vers. I 5. .a t Digitized by Google i LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE, SCÈNE V. M. D’ORFEUIL, JUSTINE. M. D’oBFEriL. ï’Ai quelqne chose encore à lui dire. Demenre, Tu diras que je vais revenir tout à l’iieure, Que je suis sorti. JUSTIHE. Bon. ('M. d’Orfeuil sort, J SCÈNE VL JUSTINE, seule. F ODT bien. En tout ceci, Je vois que je pourrai jouer mon rôle aussi. Us viennent : à mou tour, je sens k cœur me batb'e. f Elle regarde.) A merv eille. Us sont deux , ainsi qôus serons quatre. SCÈNE VIL JUSTINE , M. D’ORLANGE eu bottes i VICTOR J ns TI SE. MoNSiEnn, pour un moment, monsieur vient de scmût Si vous k desirez, quelqu’un va l’avertir. M. D’onLÀNGE. L’avertir? point du tout’ Ne dérangez personne ; J’attendrai. J n 8 T 1 K E. Cependant.. Digilized by Google ACTE I, SGtNE YII. i5 viCTon. Ah TOUS êtes trop bonne. Moi , j’attendrois long-temps , si vous vouliez rester. JUSTINE, iui rendant sa révérence. Vous êtes bien poli ; je ne puis m’arrêter. ÇEtle sort.) SCÈNE VIII. M. D’ORLANGE, VICTOR. M. Tt'oVii.A.na^, triomphant. Ea bien? • viCTOn. ‘ Charmant accueil ! rencontre ice-spérce !' D’honneur ! D’oniANGE. Mon cher Victor, cette imposante entrée , Cet antique château, ces bois silencieux, Dont la cime paroît se perdre dans les cieux , Tout ceci me promet quelque grande avenmre, viCTon. Eh mon dieu ! sans nous perdre en vaine conjecture, Tenons-nous-en , de grâce , à la i-ealité , Monsieur ; elle a de quoi suffire , en vérité. On ouvre... moi, j’étois tremblant comme la feuille. Je m’avance : on sourit, on s’empresse, on m’accueille j Pour prendre les chevaux, un garçon a volé. Et du nom de monsieur l'on m’a même appelé : J’entre enfin , et déjà tout le monde me fête. M. n’ on lange. Le maître de ces lieux est tout-à-fiiit honnête. Digilized by Google i6 LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. VICTOB. Vous ne l’avez pas vu. M. d’ on LA RUE. J’cu juge par ses gens. S’il étoit dur et fier, ils seroient insolents. 'Tel valet, tel maîUe. VI CT on. Oui , rieu n’est plus véritable ; Aussi, monsieur, cliacuu vous tiouve fort aimable. M. u’onLANGE. A ictor ne manque pas de bonne opinion. VICTOB. Tel maître , tel valet. De ma réception Je ne puis revenir j elle est particulière. M. d’ O n L A N G E. EL mais ! suis-je pai'tout reçu d’autre manièTe? Et quand on se présente... VICTOB. Ab ! vous voibt bien fier 1 Mais hier..; M. n’onLABGE. Il s’agit d’aujourd’hui , non d’bier, v I c T O n. A la bonne heure ; ici le hasard nous proeuFâ Un asile; et demain? M. d’ O n L A R G E. Demain? autre aventure. VICTOR. Bonne réception, bon souper, bonne nuit; C’est fort bien ; mais sachons où cela nous conduit. Voulezvous donc toujours ainsi courir le monde, Et mener une vie errante et vagabonde? 1 Digilized by Google ACTK 1, gCÈJVE VIII. ï7 Depuis plus de six ans , je voyage avec voxu De royaume en royaume. M. d' O n L A N G E. 11 n’est rien de plus doux, viCTon. Mais , que vous reste-t-il , enfin , de vos voyages? M. d’oulasge. Le souvenir... VICTOR. D’avoir manqué vingt mariages, Vingt solides emplois; et dans votre cliemin, Pour l’incertain toujours négligé le certain. Et moi, nouveau Saiicbo d’un nouveau Don Quichotte^' J’erre moi-même au gré du vent qui vous ballotte, Pestant, grondant, surtout quand vous vous e'garez, Et par fois espérant , lorsque vous espérez ; Car vraiment je vous aime, et ne puis m'en défendre ;• Je ris de vos projets, et j’aime à les entendre; Heureux ou malheureux , près de vous je me plais : Je puis bien me fâcher ; mais vous quitter, jamais M. d’orlAinoe. Va, je sens tout le prix d’un serviteur fidèle : Tu seras quelque jour bien payé de ton zèle. VICTOR. Vous promettez monts d’or, et n’avez pas un sdf, M. d’orlakce. J’«i du bien... quelque part. VICTOR. ‘ Vous ne savez pat »ù. ^ M. D*OBI,.A9GE. Mon oncle... Digitized by Google l i8 LES CHATEAUX EN ESPÀGiNE. VICTOR. AL î oui , cetoit un digne et galant homina Qui nous faisoit passer tous les mois quelque sonwne. Mais las ! depuis six mois, pas un petit billet : J’aiiuüis bien, cependant, ceux qu'il vous envoyoil. 11 est peut-être mort. SI. d’obla^ge. Quel présage sinistre ! 11 me reste, en tout cas, la faveur du ministre. Dans les papiers publics j’ai reconnu son nom ; De mon père , au collège , il étoit compagnon ; Et de cette amitié j 'hérite en droite ligue. Se lettre me l’annonce. V 1 C T O n. lUne lettre qu’il signe | Et pour la forme. M. d’oblange. Il m’a répondu tout d’un coup. ViCTon. Quatre mots seulement M. d’obi A N GE. Mais qui disent beaucoup. Il ne rougira point de cette connoissauce. J’ai, sans trop me flatter, un nom, de la naissance. De mes voyages j’ai recueilli quelque fruit, Et dans le droit public je suis assez instruit Oui, dès demain, je pars, et je vole à Versaille, Comme pour annoncer le gain d’une bataille. D’abord chez le ministre, en courrier, je descends; Et , sans lui prodiguer un insipide encens , Moi, je lui dis : «Monsieur, vous trouverez peut-être U Mon entrée un peu leste : elle me fait conuoître : Digilized by Google ACTE I, SCÈNE Vïït. 19 « Tel & vos yeux d’Orlange en ce jour vient s’offrir ; « Tel, et plus prompt encor, vous le verrez courir, « S’il pouToit être utile à son prince, à la France. » Cet air d'empressement , et surtout d’assurance , Le frappe : nous causons ; il m’observe arec soin ; Et je l’entends qu’il dit : « Ce jeune homme ira loin. » Dans la journe'e il vaque un honorable poste ; Mille gens l’attendoient ; et moi qui viens en poste , Tout botté , je l’emporte ; et voilà mon début. Ce n’est qu’un premier pas : je vais droit à mon but. Je ferai mon chemin : je pixis , de grade en grade , Tout naturellement aller à l’ambassade... Que sais-je, enfin ?... je puis être... ministre un jour : Et je protégerai les autres à mon tour. V I c T O B , persuadé par degrés. Ah ! vous n’oublierez pas , j’espère , mon bon maître, Un pauvre serviteur... M. d’orlanCe. Non , tu dois me connoître { Sois tranquille ; toujours lu seras mon ami : Tu seras d'un ministre un jour le favori. VICTOR. Est-il possible? M. B'oRLAnGE, gravement. Mais soyez modeste et sage, Et de votre crédit sachez régler l'usage. Victor, de mes faveurs vous n’ëtes le canal Que pour faire le bien , non pour faire le mal. VICTOR, humblement. Ah ! croyez que jamais ce ne sera ma iautê. Si par hasard... Digitized by Google ao LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. M. d’oBLASGE. Fort bien. Revenons à notre hôte, U me prend par la main , me conduit au salon , Me présente lui-même û ces dames... viCTOa. Ah ! boa. Nous verrons quelque jnur nos attentes remplies; Et ces dames, monsieur, à coup sur sont jolies. M. n’ O ni. A N CE. Oh ! oui. La demoiselle , ou je suis bien trompé, Est charmante ; et d'honneur, j'eu suis d’abord frappi le me remets bientôt , comme tu crois. V I c T O B. Sans doute. M. d’orlAüge. La mère m’interroge , et la fille m’écoute. J’ai voyagé, Victor : j’en ai pour plus d’un soir. A table , entre elles deux on m’invite à m’asseoir. Je dévore. Au dessert, la demoiselle chante : Quel goût délicieux! et quelle voix touchante! On me mène en un grand et bel appartement : Je suis las; je m’endors délicieusement. La jeune demoiselle a moins dormi peut-être. On déjeune. Victor vient avertir son maître. Je me lève... l’on veut en vain me retenir i Je pars, après avoir promis de revenir. viCTOn, /lors de lui-même. Restons , monsieur, restons encor cette journée. M. d’oblange. Je reviendrai, Victor, upe fois cliaque année. ACTE I, SCENE IX. =*» SCÈNE IX. lis pnÉcÉDENTS, M. D’ORFEUIL. M. d’obfeuil. Je rentre en ce moment : daignez me pardonner, Monsieur. M. n’ont AN (JE. C’est moi plutôt qui crains de vous gêner. M. D’OBFEUIt. Ç4 Victor.) Vous ! Mon ami , quelqu’un va vous faire connoître 'L'appartement que doit occuper votre maître; Croyez, d’ailleurs, qu'ici rien ne vous manquera. VI CT O n. Eu ve'rité... monsieur, rien ne manque déjà. Tout le monde, en ces lieux, sans doute est trop honnête : Le jour où l’on s’égare est un vrai jour de fête. {Il sort.) SCÈNE X. M. D’ORFEÜIL, M. D’ORLANGE. M. n'onFEüit. Es ce château, monsieur, soyez le bien-venu. J’espère, quand de vous je serai mieux connu... »t. d’ ont ANGE. Je vous connois si Lien, que je vous ferai grâce De ces remercîments , dont »n autre , en ma place... M. n’ on FEU IL. Des remercîments? bon !.. il ne m’en est point dû ; Et dans votre alentour, si’ je m’étois perdu , Vous feriez même chose assurément. Digitized by Google aa LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. U. d’oiila:(&e. Sans doute. M. d’oufzüil. CommcDt donc avez-yous quittd la grande route? {A fiart.) Voyons ce gu’il dira. M. D’onLAnoE. J'ai trouvé deux chemtnA, L’un vraisemblablement conduisoU à Moulins, Et l’autre dans un bois d’assez belle apparence. Moi , j’ai toujours aijfQé les bois de préférence. Je cboisis celui-ci. M, d’obfeüil. Vous fîtes bien, ma foi. L’autre mène à Moulins , et celui-ci chez moi. M. d’oblAsoe. Je m’en sais très bon gré. Dans cette conjoncture, Tout est heureux pour moi. . . jusqu’à mon aventure De voleurs, que je veux vous conter. M. n’onFEUiL. Ah ! fort bien. ( A pari.) J’atteudois les voleurs^ M. n’OBLAXCE. Je vois... je ne vois rien; Mais j’entends près de moi... M. d’o^feuie. Des voleurs? M. n’onLAxaE. Et mon valet s’enfuie Ils accourent , Digilized by Google ACTE I, SCÈNE X. *3 U. s’ OA F EO IL. Le [ olti’on ! «.s'onLASGE. Il» nrentourent, M. d'orfeüil. Que fîtesvous alors? M. d’ 0 111, A N G E. J'étois seul contre dix. Je pris pourtant un ton très ferme , et je leur dis ; « Messieurs, que meveut-on?nia bourse? on peut la prend « S‘agit-il de mes jours? je s-iurai les défendre. » Je tire alors ma bourse , et je la jette en l’air; Et bientôt je saisis mes armes. M. d'orfeuil. Bon. V: d’or LAN GE. Mo.1 sir Les étonne. »î. n’onrEDîL. Fort bien. M. n’ on LAN CE. Un moment ils se taisent. L’un d'eux enfin me dit: « Les braves gens nous plaisent. « L’argent , nous le gardotis , nous en avons besoin : « Mais attaquer vos jours? nous en sommes bien loin. « Venez, nous vous servons et de guide et d’escorte. » Ils m’ont tenu parole, et jusqu’à votre porte Us m’ont suivi ; voilà ce qui m’est arrivé. M. d’ O R F E U I L. (A pari.) T.c récit est piquant On ne peut mieux trouvA Digitized by Coogle *4 LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. (Haut.) Monsieur, vous m’avez l’air d’un digne et galant liomme, Et... de grâce, peut-on savoir comme on vous nomme? M. d’ O RL AN GE. ■D’Oilangc. M. n’onFEüiL. Bon. Monsieur d’Orlange, allons, venez. Ma fille avec plaisir vous verra. M. n’onLANGE. Pardonnez , Si je suis indiscret. Vous n’avez qu’une fiUe? M. d’ on FEU IL. Une seiüe, monsieur; c’est toute ma famille, Ma seule joie ; aussi je l’aime uniquement. M. d’ ont AN GE. Et vous ttes paye' d’un tendre attachement, Sans doute? M. d’oufeuil. Je le crois. Elle est sensible , aimante. Ce sera , je l'espère , une femme charmante. 11 ne m’appartient pas, monsieur, de la louer; Henriette est aimable, il le faut avouer. M. d’ O RL AN GE. Mais ce sera pour vous une peine cruelle , Lorsqu’un jour il faudra que vous vous priviez d’elle? M. n’oBFEUIL. Je voudrois que mon gendre ici pût demeurer. Mais, s’il faut de ma fille enfin me séparer. Je saurai me résoudre <i cette perte affreuse ; Je m’en consolerai si ma fille est heureuse, £t si son maii l’aime... Digitized by Google ACTE I, SCÈNE X. M. D'on LAN O E. Eji quoi ! vou^ en doutez ? J'en répondrois pour lui. M. d’oiuexiil. Vous me le promettez? M. d’oulange. ÀSsUll-IllCllt. V M. d’ O n F E ü 1 L. Fort bien. >'ous allez la connoltre : Venez. M. u’onLANGE. Je ne suis pas en état de paroître. M. d’ on F EL' IL. bon ! M. d’ O n L A N G E. Pour me débotter, je demande un moment. M. d’oufelil. Je vais donc vous conduire à voue appartement; Car vous êtes c’ ez vous , monsieur, daignez le croire. ji. d’ on LA K GE, d’un acc ni Irè.^ firononcé. Monsieur! les aneieus, dont on vante l'ï'istoire, Keniplissoieijt les devoiis de l'iospitalaé Avec moins de francliise et n oliTs de lo'iaulé. M. n’üni’EUiL. Ces devoirs à reniplii n’ont rien que de facile. A tous les voyageurs ici jbiî're un asile, De bon cœur : après tout, rien n’est plus naturel. Parmi ces voyageurs. .il s’en jirésente... tel f)ui , de tout le passe, me paye avec usme. Établissez-vous donc ici, je vous conjure. Tliéâlru. C6m. «d v:». 1 5 . 3 Digitized by Google LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. M. d’oulasge. (A par!.) Monsieur!... 11 est vraiment aimable tout-à-fait. •M. D’onPEtJTL, à part. De mon gendre je suis deju très satisfait. [Ils sortent ensemble.) ns DU P n !: Alt E a a . t r e. Digitized by Google ACTE SECOND. SCÈiNE I. JUSTINE , VICTOR. / VICTOR. Aïs , je ne reviens point de m.1 surprise csln^mo. Quoi ! tous les étrangers sont-Hs reçus de luéiiie, Mademoiselle? J n s ï I s E. Oîi ! non. Ils ne le sont pas tous ; Tous ne sont pas, monsieur, aimables comme vous. TIC TOB. Aimable ! oli ! moi , je suis bon enfant j mais , du t est» Je ne me pique point... »USTt!tE. Vous êtes trop modes:?. VICTOB. Non , modestie à part; c’est que l'on m’a reçn Coiiune quelqu'un vraimeut qui seroit alteiula. J U s r 1 s £. Voyei un peu ! VICTOB. Pourquoi faut-il partir si vite? JUSTINE. Boni VICTOB. Nous ne demandions qu’un sonppr et le g‘!ft t Digilized by Google aS LES CHATEAUX EX ESPAGXE. Xüus les trouvons, sans doute, txccücuts; mais demain Il faudra de Paris reprendre le clicmin. J 13 s tl NE. Peut-ùtre aussi que non. V 1 c X O P. Comment cola? JUSTINE. Que saisje? Le mauvais temps, la pluie, ou le vent, ou la neige... V I C r O n. Rien n’arrête monsieur; et jamais nulle part Il ne reste deux jours : dis le matin il part. Vous ne coimoissez pas , je le vois bien , mon inaitre. JUSTINE. Il c.st pourtant, je pense, aise' de le connoître. C'est donc un vovageur? • U ^ V I c T O n. C’est un vrai juif errant. Il court toujours le monde , et le monde est bien (^l aud ; Il aime à voyager, et moi j’aime à le suivre ; Dès l’enfance, avec lui, j'ai coutume de vivre : .Viissi, famille, amis, pour lui j’ai tout quitté; Et sur scs pas, moi, fait ixmr la tranquillité, Pour vivre avec ma femme , en mon petit inc'nago .. JUSTINE, viveinenl. Vous êtes marie? VI CT on. Xon, vraiment, dont j’enr.?ge. JUSTINE, il l'art. ï’ant mieux ; j’avois bien peur. Digitized by Google ACTE II, SCÈ]E I. •’p VICT O B. Je disois seol.''mei.t Que j’dtois fait pour l'être; aussi proLableiütiit Je pieiidrai ce parti. J U s T I a E. Bientôt? viCTon. Mais je l'ignore. J U s T I s E. Votre maître b’csI point marié? VI Cï OR. Pas encore ; Et de long-temps, je pense, il ne so n ariera. JUSTINE. Vous verrez que lui-même il ilnira par ià. viCT O n.' Vous croyez? JUSTINE. Au re oir ; j'aperçois Henriette. VI CT O 11. Moi, je vais de monsieur achever la voilette. JUSTINE. Qu'il se dépêche donc : allez, dites-lc lui. S’il part demain, du moins qu'on le voie aujoiird Im». VICTOR. Peut-être il fcroit mieux d éviter l'entrevue ; Et pour moi, je crains Lien de vous avoir trop vue. (1/ sort. ) JUSTINE, le suivant des yeux. 11 n'est pas inaL Digitized by Google 3o LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. SCÈ^E II. MADEMOISELLE D'ORFEUIL, JUSTINE. MADKVOISEI.IE d’ C It T E tl 1 1. Quel est relui qui te parloit? J U s T I s E. C’est mon futur, ii moi. mademoiselle n’onFEUiL. J’entends. C’est le valet... JUSTINE. Si j’en juge par lui , vous aimerez le maître. MADEMOISELLE d’oF. FEÜIU Ce maître , en vérité , tai de bien à paroître. JUSTINE. Il s’habille, il s’arrange... MADEMOISELLE d’o H F E U I L , vii’emeiit. Il étoit romnie il faut. Qu’il se pare un peu moins, et qu'il vienne plus tôt. JUSTINE^. Monsieur pouvoit tantôt vous dire même chose. MADEJIOISELLE d’oKFEUIL. A propos... Tu l’as vu, Justine? JUSTINE. • Eb bien ?. MADEMOISELLE n’oiU'EUII Je il’osc T'interroger... Enfin, comment le trouves-tu? J U.ST 1 K E. Je n’en puis trop ju '.ci ; je ne l’ai (|u’eiitrevu. Seulement U est jeune et d’aimable îigure. Digilized by Google ACTE ri, IL 3i MADEMOIsrtLE d’ O n F F, Cil.. Pour le reste déjà c’est un beureux augure ; Justine , conviens-en. ■Tr.STlXE. Oui , i'en tombe d'accord, Srademoiselle ; il plaît dès le premier abord : 11 a l’air franc , ouvert , des manîi’Tes aisées. M ADEM OtSELLF d’oBFEUIL. ' Mes espérances donc seront réalisées. ' J 13 s T I s E. V Ail ! doucement. Ce n’est qu’un indice léger ; Mais par vous-même euliu vous en allez juger. SCÈNE III. MADEM01SELI.E D’ORFEUIL, M. D’ORLANGE, JUSTliE. ji. d’obeahge, avec un nouvel liaLitlemenl, Voici , ma lemoiselle , une heureuse disgr.'.ce. A la nuit, au hasard , que je dois rendre grûce î De détours en détouis.ni’amener jusqu’ici. C’est conduire fort Lien que d’égarci ainsi. JUS X I s E. Quelquefois dans la vie il faut que l’on s’égare. M. d’o a l a s g e. Eli mais ! ect accideui chez moi n’est pas très rare : Je 1 avouerai, souvent cela m’est arrivé : Presque toujours aussi je m’en suis Lien trouvé. JUSTINE. Vous le fakes exprès, peut-être? M. d’o n LAS CE. Je m’écarte Vü!ou;:crs. Je ne sais les clieniins ni la carte j Digilized by Google 3a LES CHITEAUX EN ESPIGNK. Mais je rnartlip au liasaid. Si la nuit m’a surpri», De ce petit ujallieur nioi-niêine je souris, Sûr de oir, tôt ou tard, de loiu, une lumière; Tantôt c'est un château , tantôt une chaumière. Hier je fus reçu par un bon pa) san , A qui, par parenthèse, avant qu’il soit un an, Je prétends bien causer une douce surprise. Ici je trouve encor, avec même franchise. Plus de goût, plus de grâce, et j'admire, d’Iionneui !... .MADEMOISELLE d’ü R F E L 1 L. Vous aimez donc beaucoup à voyager, monsieur? M. d’o b l a 5 g e. Ah ! beaucoup. Est-il lâen de plus doux dans la vie, Que d’aller, de venir au gré de son envie? nade.moiselle ii’obeeuil. Mais.... on se fixe enfin. SI. d’o BL AN UE. •• Eh mais 1 en vérité'. De se fixer ici l’on seroit bien tenté. Ou trouver, en efl’ct, un lieu plus«agrcable, Plus riant, et surtout un accueil plus aimable? Mais je ne puis long-temps m’arrêter nulle part. MADE-SIOI SELLE d’o 111 E L I L.' Vous anivez, déjà vous parlez de départ! N. d’o b l a n g e. b’en parlons point ce soir; mais demain, dès l’aurore, Il faudra... JUSTINE. Bon î demain vous serez las encore. Mais de la sorte enfin si toujours vous errez , Jamais, eu ce cas-ià, vous ne vous marierez. Digitized by Google 33 ACTE H, SGÈ5E HI. a:. D’on LA N GE, On ne voyage pas' toujours. ' JUSTINE. ül) ! non , sans cloute. Un Leau jour, par ha-sard, en trout e sur sa route.... Tel objet... qui vous plaît, qui sait vous engager; Et l’on ne songe plus alors ù voyager. M. n’onr.ASGE. Peut-être bien qu’un jour ce ftra mon histoire. Cependant je serois par fois tenté de croirq <^>ue je ne suis point lait pour être marié, mademoiselle d’orfeuii,. Pourquoi, monsieur? M. d’o r l a n g e; Je crains d’être contrarié. Dans mes goAts ; car jé suis ennemi de la gêne ; Et l’hymen le plus douit 'est toujours une chaîoéi MADEMOISELLE d’o H F E ü I L. Cette chaîne est légère, et n’a rien d’effrayant, M. d’o r i a n g e.. J'aime la bberié. ■ SIADEMOISELI.E d’ORFEUIT,. Mais, eu vous mariant, ^■ous ne la perdrez point. M. d’o n l a n g e. Les femmes sont c!ann;:."ii;r«. Je le vois; mais souvent elles sont... c.igeames. Elles veulent (ju’on soit toujours à leurs côtes, Çu'on prodigue les soins, les assiduités : D’un tel eÜbrt je sens que je suis inrapablc ; Et je pounois , par jour, être souvent coupable. Digitized by Google 34 I^ES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. MADEMOISELLE d’o JI F É ü I L. U faiidroit Lien aloi"s souvent vous pardonner. M. d’o it l a s g e. Par fois, pendant un mois, je puis me promener. mademoiselle d’o n f e u i l. Il famiroit bien encor pardonner cette ali.sence : Le devoir d’une femme est dans la complaisance. Une fois prévenue... M. d’wlasge. (ili ! je l’en prévieudrois Car , SI j’étois au point d’épouser, je voudrois Connoîti’e bien ma femme, être bien connu dclle. JUSTINE. Oui-dà ! M. d’o n l a n g e. Te lui dirois : « Tenez, mademoiselle... « Mais quoi ! je vous ennuie? mademoiselle d’okfeuil. Achevez, s’il vous pleît; Je prends à vos dbcouvs le plus vif intérêt. JUSTINE. ( A pari.) Moi de même. Voj-ons où tout ceci nous mène. M. d’o ni ANGE « .Te n’aimerai que vous, vous le croirez sans pcinot (llirois-je i ma future...) mademoiselle d’o n f e u i l. Oh! oui, j’entends fort liien. M. d’o RL AN GE. « ilTnis je suis ne' galant; tel même, j’en coiivie;i,. « Çue I on pourroit, par fois, me croire un peu vologc. « i oute femme jolie a .droit à mon homn.agç : Digilized by Google ACTE II, SCENE III. M Trop heureux de lui plaire en tous temps, en tous lieux! (( ür, m6me après l'Iiymen, j’aurai toujours des yeux; « Et je croirai pouvoir, sans inspirer de doutes , <( Préférer une femme , et vouloir plaire à toutes. » J USX 15 E. C’est tout simple. Sans doute aussi , de sou côté. Monsieur lui laisseroit la même liberté ; Verroit avec plai.sir, même après l’hyménée, De mille adorateurs sa femme enviroimce. Sourire à l’un, flatter cet autx-c d’un coup-d’oeil , £t faite à tout le monde un caressant accueil , Aux lieux publics , au bal , à la pièce nouvelle , Partout aller sans lui , puisqu’il iroit sans elle ; Et, comme vous disiez, fidèle ; son époux. Le préférer d’accord, mais vouloir plaire à tous, U. D’OBLAtlGE. Eb mais !... J U s ï 1 s E. VoiL’i pourtant ce qu’il faudroit pemeure. M. d’o « l a » g e. * C’est ce qu’en vérité je u'oserois promettre. Vous faites un portrait qui n’est pas séduisant. M A D E ,■« O I b E L I, E d’o H E E E 1 1. Ras.surez-vous , monsieur : Justine, en s’amusant, A peint une coquette, et non.... votre future. J U s T I 3 E. Quoi ! seriez-vous , monsieur, jaloux par aventure? M. D’onnA5C-E. Peut-être, un peu. MADEaiOISEI.T. E u’o T. F E U II,. Pcuriaut vl famfroit, entre nous, Digitized by Google 35 LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE, Ou n'êtrt point volage , on n’étre point jaloux ; Sinon , vous aurez peine h trouver une leninie. M. d’o n l a n g e. Aussi je le sens lûen dans le fond de mon ^inie; Je suis fait pour l’amour, mais très peu pour l’iiynien. jESïiSE, h pari. l'c bonne foi, du moins, il fait son examen. M. n’o n L A N G E. Je dis ce que je pense; excusez ma franchise. M A D F, M O I .s E L I, E d’o It l'' E U ! I,. Moi je vous en sais gré, s'il faut que je le dise. Eu de tels sentiments j’ai regret tic vous voir; Mais je suis très charmée, au fond, de le savoir. M. d’o UL A K GE. Laissons donc là l’hymen , et parlons d autre chose i Aussi-bien , ce seroit s’inquiéter sans cause. SCÈNE IV. LES pnÉcÉDENTS, M. D’OR FEU IL. M. d’oiu’ei il, de loin, a paît. An! mon gendre n’a point un air embantissé. ( îlaùl.) Eh bien! mou cher monsieur, éte.s-vous délassé? ST. d’o b l a n g e. Dès le moment qu’ici j’ai vu niademoiselle. M. d’o n r E V I L. Pardon , si je vous ai laissé sud avec elle. M. d’oblaîk, E. C’est , au contraire , à moi de vous remercier. Mal'ieui à qui pourroit ne pas apprécier Son charni.uit entretien , et la grüce qui brille ! Digilized by Google ACTE II, SCÈNE IV. 37 M. d’ O n F E ü I L. Vous nie flattez, monsieur. U est vrai que ma fille Lit beaucoup. MADEMOISELLE d’o n F E U I L. Ah ! plutôt j’écoute ce qu’on dit , Mon père, et j’ai grand soin d’en faire mon profit. Tel entretien instruit bien mieux qu’une lecture. M. d’ O n F E ü I L. Monsieur t’a donc conté quelque grande ax'enture? J’aime les voyageurs. Ils content volontiers, Et moi j’ecouterois pendant des jours entiers. Je prends le plus souvent leurs récits pour des fables; Car ils ont toujours vu des clioses incroyables. Êtesvous voyageur, dans la force du mot? MADE.MOISELLE d’orfeuil. A quelque chose près. JüSTlîiE,n pari. Florvillc n’est point sot. M. D’onFEtriL. Contez-nous donc, monsieur, quclqu’étonnaiite histoire. M. u’oPLASrtE. A quoi lion voies conter? t ous ne ouleirien croire j Monsieur. * M. d’ O n r E r I L. Il est bien vrai que je suis prévenu : Mais je ne vous veux pas traiter en inconnu. Allons, je vous croirai, je b pi omets d’avance. De quel pays, monsieur, êtes-vous? M. d'orlance. De Provence. ' llioâtre. Corn, «n Tcr<. 1 5. ^ 4 Digilized by Google ÎS les CHATEAUX EN ESPAGNE. M. d’ O n F E U 1 1. De Provence? Voj e?. ! je ne l’uurois pas cm : Vous n’avez point l’accent. M. d’ O n L A s G E. C’est que j’ai tant couru 1 En vojügrant, l’acccnt diminue et s’eflace. J r s T I s E , bas, a sa inaitresse. U ment fort l)icn, mademüiseeef, d’orfeuil, bas, h Jiisliiie. Avec trop d'aisance et do grâce. M. d' O n F E ü I L. Vous avez donc bien vu du pays? M. d’ O II L A N G E. Vous riez, Moiisûui ; mais cependant, tel que vous me voyez. J’ai déjà parcoum presque l'Europe entière. M. u’oufeuil. L’Europe? JU.STIHE, à part. Il n’a pas vu , je gage , la frontière. M. d' O DF EU IL. Comment voyagcz-:vous? M. d’orlasge. De toutes les façons, Suivant les temps, les lieux et les occasions, • Par eau, comme par ten'c, à clieval, en voiture, A pied même , pour mieux oLserver la nature. J E s T I ^ E. Monsidir semble, en effet, curieux d’observer. BIAUEMOlSEf-LE d’oRFEUIE, Et cl.acur. en cela ne peut que l’approuver : Ou s oit bien mieu;c de près. 39 ACTE II, SCÉ^'E IV. M. d’ O n r E f I L. Je vous attends à table, Monsieur : de questions d'abord je vous accable. M. d’ O n L A N G E. De questions , monsieur? ma foi , je mangerai , Je le sens, beaucoup plus que je ne conterai. Grâce jusqu’au dessert. M. D’onFEÜIL. Soit. Aussi-bien j’espère Que nous nous reverrons. M. n’onLANGE. Espérance bien clière ! J’aurois trop de regret de ne vous voir qu’un jour, Si je n’avois du moins l’espoir d’ïui prompt retour. M. n’ O n F E i) I L. J’y compte assurément. Aussi-bien, quand j’y pense, C’est le cliemin , je crois , pour aller en Provence. .M. d’oiieange. Eli mais ! quand il faudroit se détournée un peu , Cent milles de cliemin ne sont pour moi qu’un jeu. Puis, comme vous disiez, c’est en effet la route. Oui, dans ces lieux cliarmants je reviendrai sans doute ^ Mais souffrez que j’y mette une condition, M. n’ on FEU IL. Laquelle donc? M. d’oblasge. Eli oui ! votre réception Mc tourbe , me pénètre ; elle est et noble et franebe. Ke pourrai-je clicz moi prendre un jour ma revancl e? M. d’obfelil. Lb mais !... A Digitized by Google 4o LKS CHATEAUX EN ESPAGxE. M. d’ O n l A N G E. Promettez-mol d’y venir. M. d’ O R F E ü I L. En effet, 'otie invitation me flatte tout-à-fait; Et je ne vous dis pas qu’un jour je n’y réponde. Ce voyage seroit le plus joli du monde. M. d’ O n L A N G E. Mademoiselle... au moins, sans trop être indiscret. J’ose le croire, alors, vous accompagneroit. MADEÏIOISELLE d’oRFEUIL. Partout, avec plaisir, j’accompagne mon père. Cette partie auroit surtout droit de me plaire. M. d’ O H E A N G E. Ce que vous dites là me cliarme en vérité , Mademoiselle; moi, j'ai toujours souliaité, Lorsque je me mettois pour long-temps eu campagne , Au lieu d’un compagnon , d’avoir une compagne. On part un beau matin, suivi d un écuyer: Elle est en amazone, ou bien en cavalier. Tout prend autour de vous une face nouvelle : 1.,’air est plus doux, plus pur, la nature plus belle. On s’arrête, on sourit, on se montre des }cux Ce qu’on voit, on en parle ; enfin on le voit mieux. Est-on las? on descend au bord d’une fontaine; Et dans ce doux repos on oublieroit sans peine Le voyage lui-même. En un joli diàteau On amve le .soir, toujours Incognito ; Car c’est là ma manière , et je Lais , en voyage, Tout appareil, tout faste et tout vain étalage. Do l'Europe, du monde on fuit ainsi le tour, • Tout en se promeuant. Quel plaisir, au retour. fv Digitized by Google ACTE II, SCÈNE IV‘i» Quand le soir, près du feu, l’on se rappcHe fnseuiblc Ce qu’on a vu, tel jour, en tel endroit! il seuiJ.'iu Qu’on le revoie encore , en se le racontant. J M. n’onFEUiL. Je crois voir tout cela nioi-mÊine, en écoutant; Et vos riants tableaux ir.e font jouir d'avance Üu plaisir que j’espère en allant en Provence. M. n’ont AS GE. Revenons en effet au point essentiel. La Provence, on le sait, est sous le plus beau ciel!... M. n’ O n F E C 1 L. Et vous avez , sans cloute, une terre fert belle? M. T)’ ont AV OT , einliarrassé. J’ai, très-jeune, quitté la maison paternelle, Et n’en ai maintenant qu’un souvenir confus. C’étoit un bel endroit ! il doit l’être encoi p!tis. M. n’onFEtiit. Et dites-moi, la mer est-elle loin? M. n’ont AS GE. En face , Je m’en souviens fort bien , au pied de la icirasse. Un pareil souvenir ne s’efface jamais. SI. n’onFEUit. C’est un coup-d’œil superbe! M. o’o n t A N G E. Oh ! je vous le pronrets. JtJS TIS E. 'Je verrai donc la mer une fois en ma vie ! MADEMOlSEttE d’o n F E U 1 1. J’ai toujours de la voir eu la plus grande envie. • 4 Digilized by Google 4a LES CHATEAUX EA -ESPAGNE. M. d’ O n L A 5 G E. Oli bien ! c’est un plaisir qu’amit j^eu vous aurez j Et uiémc eu pleine mer vous vous promeiierez. MADEMOISELLE d’üDFECIL. Mais... j'aurois peur, je crois.. M. D’on LAN GE. • Quelie foiI)lesse extrême ! Eli ! craint-on quelque chose auprès de ce qu'on aiuie?,„ (Il se reprend.) Près d’un père? M. D’onrEuiii Monsii ur, il e.st temps de soufier; Et de ce soin pressant |e ni 'en vais m’occuper. Voulez-vous Lien venir, monsieur... n ousicur d’(Jrlaiif;e? .iisTiNE, par'. Le futur a joué son rôle comme lui ange. M. D’onfECIL. (A d’Orlanoe.) ( I .ut fille.) Venez. Ma fdle, et loi, viens-tu? MADE.MOISELLE d’oUFEUIL. Dans le moment Je vous rejoins, mon père. M. n’oRFEUiL, À sa file. Allons. 11 est charmant. {Il emmène d'Orlaiitje.) s / « Digitized by Google 43 ACTE II, SCÈNE V. SCÈNE V. M VI.EMÜIJELLE D’ORFEUIL, JUSTirîE , qui fr regardent quelque temps. JUSTICE. En bien, niadcinoiaclle? UÀDEMUISELLE D’onrETIL. Ail ! ma chère Jvstine ! J f s T 1 s E. Pl«ît-Ü? • N iDEM O ISELEE d’oRFEUIL. Tu m'eutiuds liicn. * 3 E s T I s E. Je crois que je devine. MADEMOISELLE d’oRFEUIL. VoiU donc ce futur ! JUSTINE. Le voilà. MAD EMOI. SE ILE d’oUFEUIL. Qui l’eût dit? JUSTINE. Qui? moi, madeuioTelle? Oui , je vous l’ai pr^it : Auprès de ce lir'ros charmant, iiiia|'inuire, Le véritable éjxiux u’est «ju’uu 1 omine ordinaire ; • En un mot, le premier a fait tort au second. MADEMOISELLE d’oUFEUIL. Ah ! qiicDe diJl’éreuee î JUSTINE. troutez donc : mi fond, Vous auriez pu déchoir encore davantage; ' Cm , apr. s tout, celui qui vous reste en partage F.st aimable... » Digitized by Google 4i LES CHATEAUX EX ESPAGNE. mademoiselie D’onrEî.!!.. Un tel mot est bien va^c i présent. De séduisants deliors , un babil amusant , Dans le monde, voilà ce qui fuit l’iiumme .'limable; Et Florville . à mes yeux , seroit fort agréable , Si Florville, pour moi netoit qu’un étranger: Mais c’est comme un époux que j’ai dil le juger. Dans son époux, Justine, on a bien droit d'aucudre Un esprit droit, solide, im cœur seusible et tendre; Et je ne trouve point tout cela dans le mien. J U s T I s E. Qui vous l’a dit enfin? MADEMOISELLE D’onrEtJII» E hl tout son entretien. Quelle légèreté ! J U s T I s E. C'éloit un badinage; 11 falloit bien ainsi jouer son personnage. MADEMOISELLE d’ O n K E U 1 L. Va , va , le caractère enfin perce tonjour.s ; Et je le juge , moi , paises propres discours , Comme Ibi, vains, légers, inconséquents, frivoles. Tiens , il s’est peint lui-niénie en fort peu de paioles ; Amant fort agiéablc , et lort mauvais époux. JUSTIN;;. C’est le juger, je pense , un peu vite , entre nous. J1 se peut bien qu’ici vous vous soyez trompée D’un ’ eau portrait votre ame étoit pré'ocujtée. Attendez donc t’u moins un second enUelicn, Et vous verrez alor.-;... mademoiselle d’oufeuil. -liions , je le veux bien. Digitized by Coogle ACTE II, SCtNE ,VI. SCÈNE VI. LES PRÉCÉDENTS, FRANÇOIS. JUSTINE. Qd’est-ce? FRANÇOIS, h Justine, Je vous le donne à deviner en mille. Encore un étranger qui demande un asile. JUSTINE. Comment?... FRANÇOIS. oh ! celui-ci s’est perdu tout de bon. mademoiselle d’orfeuil. Et vous ne savez pas qui ce peut être? FRANÇOIS. Non, Mademoiselle ; il est tout-à-fait laconique. JUSTINE. Eh mais ! en vérité , la rencontre est unique. mademoiselle d’orfeuil, Va-t-il monter? FRANÇOIS. ]Q est au bout du coiridor. mademoiselle d'orfeuil. Avez-vous averti mon père? FRANÇOIS. Pas encor. J’y courois; j'ai chargé quelqu’un de le conduite. MADEMOISELLE d’oeFEUIL. Écoutez. En ce lieu vous allez l’ir.irodiure. 4() LES CHATEAUX EN ESPAGXE. Pour moi, je vais trouver mon père, de ce pn», Kt je l'avertiiai ; car je ne me sens pas, En ce moment, d humeur à recevoir du monde, (EUe sort.) SCÈNE yil. JUSTINE, FRANÇOIS.' jrSTISE. En jeiuies voyageius cctie soirée abonde. Fn ANÇOI». Tant mieux pour nous, ï D s T I N E. Je veux entrevoir celui-cL F n A N ç O I S. Vous êtes curieuse. JUSTINE. Un peu. Bon , le voicL {Elle le regarde.) 11 n’est pas mal , pourtant moins joli que le nôtre. F 11 A N ç O I s. Us sont fort bien tous deux , et celui-ci vaut Tauti’e. JUSTINE. L’autre est notre futur. Adieu. {Elle sort.) SCÈNE VIII. M. DE FLOR VILLE , FRANÇOIS, UN L.<juAis fjui sert après l’avoir introduit. rnANçois. Dans ce salon, Youlei-vous bien, monsieur, attcndic un instant? Digitized by Google ACTE ÏT, SCÈNE VIÏÏ. M. DE FLOBVItLE. Bon, J'attends : vous avez l’air d’un serviteur fidèle, FRANÇOIS. Je n’ai pas grand me'rite à scrviiavec zèle. De tout le monde ici mon maître est adore'. Je suis né près.de lui, près de lui je mounaî ; Car je me crois viaimeut encor dans ma lomille. M. DE F I. O B V I L L E. Cui? votre maître... .t-t-il des enfants? FRANÇOIS. Une fiUe. M. DE FtOnViLLE. üinable? FRANÇOIS. cl) ! oui. Partout on vante sa beauté. Un pauvre serviteur ne voit fine la bonté. Nous la perdrons bic. t ,t ; cela me désespère. M. DE FLOR VILLE. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'bub_gb_COismkfaz_MC_1', 'collection': 'French-PD-diverse', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1818.0', 'title': 'Repertoire general du theatre francais, compose des tragedies, comedies et drames des auteurs du premier et du second ordre restes au theatre francais; avec une table generale. Theatre du premier second ordre Comedies en vers. Tome 15', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'French', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '8569', 'token_count': '15479', '__index_level_0__': '4933', 'original_id': '8dbda7fb32589361b22436e4f35100e41d5e445917f2c99945cba5bcf137208e'} |
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to method for forming a contoured die suitable for stamping heat exchange channel element wall members from thin sheet metal, and to the contoured die produced thereby.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A number of industrial heat exchange applications have created a demand for lightweight, inexpensive heat exchangers formed from thin-walled heat exchange channel elements. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,757,856 to L. C. Kun, a lightweight, potentially inexpensive heat exchange channel element is disclosed which can be used to fabricate a heat exchanger of exceptional strength and excellent heat transfer performance characteristics. The Kun heat exchanger comprises an array of parallel channels formed of thin heat conductive walls which have on their surface osostress contours with uniformly disposed unidirectional wall-supporting projections formed from the wall.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,024,623 to L. C. Kun discloses a method of forming a stamping die with which heat exchange walls for channel elements of the above-mentioned type can be fabricated from thin sheet metal. This method involves the deformation of a flexible membrane into the desired isostress surface configuration by by pneumatic pressure differential across the membrane, with deposition and subsequent setting of a curable material on the deformed flexible membrane. The cured material having the isostress-contoured surface configuration is then ready to be used as a die.
An improvement to the pneumatically deformed membrane die-making method described above is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,133,227 to J. J. Crowe et al. This patent discloses method of fabricating a metal die having an isostress-contoured surface configuration by direct machining of a metal workpiece.
The isostress-contoured heat exchange surface produced by stamping thin sheet metal with dies manufactured in accordance with the foregoing methods, despite their high strength and heat transfer capability, have not yet been widely implemented in practice. A primary reason for this lack of implementation is the significant pressure drop which is associated with the heat transfer fluid flowed over the isostress-contoured surface, particularly when same is employed in a stacked channel element heat exchanger, e.g., automobile radiators. It has recently been determined that the substantial advantages of the isostress-contoured heat exchange surface can be retained while markedly reducing the external fluid medium pressure drop characteristic associated therewith by a heat exchange wall member having wall projection portions extending elongately on the wall member surface, with the elongated projections being oriented on the wall member surface substantially parallel to one another and with adjacent projections being separated by concavely curved wall surface portions. The surface of heat exchange wall members with such configuration is hereinafter referred to as a "ridge projection" surface.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a metal die suitable for stamping heat exchange wall members having a ridge projection wall surface from thin sheet metal, and to provide a method of fabricating such a die. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '77216aa59e7f7b8db8a5b5c541c873b7f5485006fbda085555d1dcc420f316ad'} |
My Queue
Your Queue is empty
Click on the next to articles to add them to your Queue
'Hey, F*ck You, Buddy. Now, Hire Me Please!'
Image credit: gmacfadyen | Flickr
Whether it happens on the road, the sidewalk or on public transportation, commuter rage is a real thing. You're running late for work and some dolt in front of you simply won't get out of your way. You lose it. It happens.
But for those who suffer from the rage, there's a problem: You never really know who you're screaming at. Take what happened to two men in England recently as a telling example.
Matt Buckland is head of talent and recruiting at ecommerce startup investment firm Forward Partners. Just like any Monday morning, Buckland got on London's subway system (the "tube") to get to work. Except it wasn't like other mornings. On the subway train, a man pushed past Buckland and made some brazenly rude comments to him.
Related: Finding Employees Eager to Both Work and Grow
One can only assume that Buckland didn't think too much of it -- until he welcomed his afternoon interviewee into his office. See, as the head of talent, Buckland had arranged for an applicant to come in that day to interview for a developer position. That's the moment his day became super weird.
"It was totally awkward," Buckland told the BBC. "So I approached it by asking him if he'd had a good commute that morning. We laughed it off and in a very British way I somehow ended up apologizing."
Despite the pair laughing it off, the foul-mouthed rager didn't wind up getting the job. "As it worked out, he wasn't right for the role," Buckland told the BBC.
Yeah, no kidding.
If you read the comment thread on Buckland's tweet -- which has been retweeted almost 19,000 times -- it turns out this sort of thing isn't so uncommon. The moral of the story: Try not to be such a jerk on your daily commute. You might just be killing your career.
Related: How LinkedIn Fundamentally Ruined Recruitment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '25', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9732800126075744}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '66258', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:VYCSNJ336UV6MTESVKGI7HSAHRDUQJ6K', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:71cef57f-0dec-48fa-96fb-273285af70dc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 19, 19, 13, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.33.63', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:47LANQY2BV6PT6XZXYGP57G427FMV6RN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:89d2f0d1-dfc9-408d-b31d-52ef17d464fa>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/243166', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:dc290b81-73aa-4f4c-8953-949f6f091fad>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '346', 'url': 'https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/243166', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-142-152-56.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05429571866989136', 'original_id': '3dd74222bda15a86408afb81b99c338f5ee4f2292b8f17980d4c553a9184d592'} |
LOCAL NEWS Murl Delauder was in town Tuesday. Paul Findley of Akron, Ohio was in town for Easter. Jerome Boyles of near Valley Bend was in town Monday. Mrs. C. S. Row of Junior was in town shopping Monday. Dave Dean of Junior has purchased a new Willy-Knight car. Martin Ice of Stringtown was at town Monday on business. Henry Harris of Ten Mile was a business visitor in town Monday. Floyd Bosley of Marysville was a business caller in town Monday. Dr. and Mrs. Michael of Junior were shopping in town Saturday. Miss Unas Row of Junior was in town shopping Tuesday evening. Sola Poling of near Meadowville was in town Friday last on business. “Bill” Newlon of Tye View was in town Monday buying farm supplies. Boyd Viquesney of Philippi was in town Sunday on his way to Junior. L Lazarus and Son’s are moving their store from Cameron to this place. Charley Williamson was in Wheeling Friday and Saturday of last week. Mrs. Gail Golden of Ten Mile was in town shopping Saturday of last week. Robb Keyser who is attending school at D. & E. was at home for Easter. Morris Bolton of Valley was in town Saturday attending to business matters. Jim Rosenberger who is attending school at D. & E. was at home over Sunday. Alva Ice of Valley Bend was seeing after business matters in town Monday. J. L. Ramsey of Route 4 was attending to business matters in town Tuesday. Miss Dorothy Jones who is teaching in Clarksburg was at home over Sunday. C. The doctor Phillips had a hemorrhage of lungs Wednesday evening and is very poorly. Minor Harris, a prominent farmer from Wilmoth Station, was in town Friday of last week. Mrs. Dona Gall who has been very ill for some time is quite improved at this writing. Brooks Hathaway of Valley District was in town Monday attending to business matters. Kenneth Shinn who is going to H. School at Morgantown spent Easter with his parents. Harold Simpson of Valley was attending to business matters in town Friday of last week. Benj. Holbert who has been sick for the past two months was in town today visiting relatives. L. L. Bennett purchased one of the Baby Overlands just received by Mr. Cain Saturday night. Miss Virginia Shinn of Morgantown spent Easter with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Shinn. Ogla Baughman of Philippi attended the Easter dance last Friday night given by the Business Men’s Club. R. W. Johnson proprietor of the Ford garage at Philippi was in town Monday attending to business matters. The regular meeting of the Daughters of the American Revolution was held at the home of Mrs. John Robinson. Columbus Findley of near Clemens was taken to Dr. Myer’s last Friday for hemorrhage from one of his lungs. Miss Eva Wilson who is attending school at Morgantown spent Easter holidays with her parents Mr. and Mrs. Jones Wilson. Cullen Bartlett, the mail carrier on Route 3, was doing some work on his farm near the foot of the mountain this week. Wade Moore was substituted on the mail route for him on the Belington Garage was well stocked with cars Sunday after the arrival of The ten Baby Overlands and one Willy-Knight which were driven through Saturday night from Wheeling. STOP! LOOK! LISTEN! Expert paper hanging and painting done by our employees. We have a fine assortment of wall paper at attractive prices. Paper and work guaranteed Satisfactory or adjustment made to suit. See us before buying. Good paint at the right price. ALBERT ZINN 4-5-23 Belington, W. Va. WANTED:—Men or women to take orders for genuine guaranteed hosiery for men, women, and children. Eliminates darning. Salary $76 a week, full time, $1.60 a year, spare time. Beautiful Spring line. International Stocking Mills, Inc., Norris town, Pa. CLEVER MR. RABBIT IT WAS the first snow of the winter, and Mr. Fox knew very well that his tracks would be plainly seen by Mr. Dog or Mr. Man, so he had to set his wits at work to think out a plan to throw them off his track. There was an old sled lying at the side of the road by the woods and while he was thinking Mr. Fox spied it and at once he had an idea he would take Jack Rabbit and Mrs. Rabbit and all the little Rabbits for a sleigh ride over near the farm, then he would dump them all off the sled and when they walked back, of course, their tracks would show on the snow. He would be careful to step in his own tracks when he went home, so no one would notice them, and Jack Rabbit, Jack Rabbit Picked Up the Reins. But and his family would be pestered by Mr. Dog and Mr. Man while he would be safe. Mr. Fox was very busy all day making a harness for himself of rope, for he knew he would have to be careful that Jack Rabbit did not have the least suspicion that he was taking his sleigh riding for anything but pleasure. Efy and by he had everything ready, and, putting on the harness, he fastened himself to the sled and off he trotted to Jack Rabbit’s home and knocked at the door. THE RIGHT THING at the RIGHT TIME By MARY MARSHALL DUFFEE FIRST CALLS Rigorous law is often rigorous injustice. —Terence THE HIND almost all our modern rules of etiquette there is a basis of common sense. Sometimes it is hard to see; but usually, if you delved deep enough, you would see that the way laid down by that particular rule was really the most convenient. The rules of etiquette for first calls are quite clearly rules of convenience. Thus the old resident calls upon the newcomer because it is her place, as it were, to extend the courtesies and hospitality of the neighborhood to the newcomer. The newcomer would feel timid at introducing herself to the drawing rooms of people who have lived so much longer in a neighborhood, but the very fact that a person has come to live in a new neighborhood is usually indicative that she has left old ties and friends behind her and would like to take up new ones. In Washington, official etiquette requires that the newly arrived officials pay their respects by calling first at the White House, then upon the vice president and other persons in high position. Either than wait for these important persons to call upon them—a custom that time has proved to be the best one. If a person moves from one neighborhood to another in the same city or town—what about; first calls then? This is a question that is sometimes asked. In most cases, there would be little excuse or necessity for the older residents in the new neighborhood to make any calls, because the chances are that the newcomer then has acquaintances—a plenty in the game town. It would sometimes seem a little intrusive for an old resident to take this opportunity to know a person with whom she might not ever have had an opportunity of exchanging calls in any other way. In such cases, then, it would be somewhat better to wait until the newcomer in the neighborhood asks you to call before you do so. At any rate, you are not obliged in any way to do so. In fact, even when a total stranger comes to live near you, there is no social necessity for making a first call. In large cities one almost never makes a first call of this sort, simply because a newcomer is a stranger. Even in small towns it is not a matter of social obligation. However, it is necessary to return the first call within ten days, whether the recipient of it wishes to continue the acquaintance or not. Later calls need not be returned, but it is extremely rude not to acknowledge that first call. The New York Newspaper Syndicate. “Hello, Smith, old man. I’m a long time tines we met” “That may explain matters.” “How?” “I am Brown, old man.” “Want to take a sleigh ride?” he asked, when Jack opened the door. “I feel just like a gallop, the air is so crisp. I thought the children and the missus might like to go, so I fixed up this rig just to please the bunnies.” Jack Rabbit from long experience knew that Mr. Fox never went to any trouble for anyone but himself, and though he did not understand why Mr. Fox was so very kind and polite he decided to go and be on his guard all the time. Mrs. Rabbit and the little Rabbits put on their hoods and coats and mittens and all of the Rabbit family were soon tucked on the sled. Jack Rabbit picked up the reins and off trotted Mr. Fox over the snow, the ears of the little rabbits sticking right up straight as they flew along. Mr. Fox was so sure that he was smarter than Jack Rabbit that he did not notice anything he did—he was too busy thinking of his clever plan—but if he had kept his eyes on Jack he would have seen him tuck under the straw on the sled a nice long whip, but he didn’t and so he dashed over the hill near the farm. When he reached there he began to prance and caper in a way that threatened to upset the sled and Jack Rabbit began to think there was something wrong, and that it was time to use the whip. . “Whoa!” he said, giving the reins a sharp twitch, and then, to the great surprise of Mr. Fox, right over his head and neck, he felt a sharp sting. Mr. Fox was smart enough to know what was going on and that for once Jack Rabbit had outwitted him, so he pretended he was cutting up to make the little Bunnies laugh, but he didn’t go any farther from home. He turned right around and ran back and he was very careful not to cut up. “That was a splendid ride you gave us,” said Mrs. Rabbit as she and the Bunnies jumped to the ground, and Jack Rabbit thanked him also, but there was a twinkle in his eyes that told Mr. Fox that though he did not know just his scheme he had been too clever for him this time and had spoiled it. A PUZZLE Bird—Well, I always thought “Kite” was a bird. YOURC How to Read Your Characteristics A Tendencies — the Capabilities or Weakness That Make for Success or Failure as Shown in Your Palm UNSOUNDNESS OF MIND SHOWN IN THE HAND A COUDING to some authorities, unsoundness of mind, insanity is shown by the sign of the moon, a crescent, on the mount of the moon, which lies on the outside of the hand toward the wrist. If the same sign is seen on the upper mount of Shirs, violent insanity is to be dreaded. Other signs of weakness of mind in varying degrees are as follows: The line of life tasseled at the end, one tassel going to the mount of the moon. The lip of the head wavy and rising in a curve toward the line of the heart under the crown of the sun or Mercury. The line of the head stopping abruptly toward the mount of the moon, with a star on the first finger. The line of the head broken under the mount of Saturn, and sloping toward a very prominent mount of the moon. Broken or curved lines on a sloping line of the head. If there is danger of religious insanity, it is indicated, according to some authors, by the line of the head forming a large cross with the line of health on the mount of the moon. YOUR INCOME THE PRIZE FEEDS ARE BRANDED WAYNE AND WE HAVE THEM IN STOCK THE THOMPSON COMPANY Farmers and Builders Supplies Wholesale and Retail Belington, West Va. Paint and Varnish Products Predent Destruction in Keep Your Floors Flawless with Devoe Marble Floor Finish Varnish. Devoe Mirrors Stains-in-Varnish. Devoe Floor Paint—wear-resistant and sloaar. Wild Horses Could Hardly Do Worse! TIME and time again your furniture charges across the floor. Cutting, gouging and ripping the wood. Again and again it stamps viciously down with steel-clad hoofs—grinding ugliness and ruin into the fibres. Stop this destruction! Apply Devoe Paint or Varnish to the floor. Then the wood, coated as with armor, will be protected against the worst that furniture or heels can do. The whole room will shine with added beauty! S. J. KITTLE Belington, W. Va Successor to L. D. Cross, General Merchandise Produce a Specialty Salesman Wanted Here is an opportunity for you to connect with a Pennsylvania Refinery established 43 years — to handle their line of Automobile Oils, Greases and Soaps directly to the consumer. Your territory is unrestricted. Previous experience is not necessary. Liberal commissions on both initial and repeat orders. It will pay you to investigate this proposition and it is big enough to be given all of your time and effort, or can be profitably handled as a side line. Write today for full particulars. Give references, addresses Mr. Wave, Etb Floor, Sit O'Clock PHARMACIST, Pa. TALBOTT MILLING CO. TALBOTT MILLING COMPANY For High Class ME Of All Kinds We handle and manufacture more goods of any kind. PLAVO Flour, Blue Ribbon, Bank wheat Flour, Cracked Corn, Oak Corn, Homestead Broad Meal. We handle besides Mill Pots of All Kinds of the best quality, Crook Corn, Feed Meal, Winter Pots, Bran, Red Dog, Shorts, XXX (had Shorts, Standard Mills). A gap of Tip Top Dairy Ration, CLO.I Chap, Supreme Chicken Seiatsh PhaM M Cemh Scratch. The kind that keeps Sm loafing has pap bm up We handle Occident Flow, Hay and Straw. Our Prices are Right — Tow Patronage Solicited. TALBOTT MILLING COMPANY^ Volga, W. Va. “Cold in the Head” is an acute attack of Nasal Catarrh. Thom subject to frequent "colds in the head” will find that the am of HALL’S CATARRH MEDICINE wffl hand up the System, cleanse the Blood Md render them less liable te colds. Repeated attacks of Acute Catarrh ■ay lead to Chronic Catarrh. HALL’S CATARRH MEDICINE Is y* internally and acts through the Bim« on the Mncooa Surfaces of the Won thus reducing the tnflammS •m mai mntorlng normal conditions. *■*»*•. Ctrculam Y> * mSm * <*. V. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn86092333_1923-04-05_1_4_1', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1923.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '2434', 'token_count': '3216', '__index_level_0__': '48329', 'original_id': '3d8f57085ea8922610741dcf8ad0b44ae4b836fab18c86b5b8080bef2005d001'} |
Home » Legal and Judicial Affairs » Briefing: Hundreds of landmine deaths and injuries each year despite ban
Angola announced this week that it has cleared landmines from more than 100,000 kilometres of road since the civil war ended in 2002. Even so, there have been 156 landmine-related deaths in the past two years most of them children and some 88,000 people are living with disabilities as a result of landmine injuries.
Angola is hardly alone. Although a global landmine ban went into effect in 1999, the Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor recorded more than 120,000 landmine deaths or injuries between then and 2017. The real number is likely higher as gathering reliable data is difficult in countries like Syria where conflict is ongoing.
Although some countries have managed to clear the deadly munitions from their land, others are struggling to remove them.
Thirty-two countries, including the United States, have yet to sign the Mine Ban Treaty, while Myanmar reportedly laid landmines as recently as 2018.
According to Myanmar's Mine Risk Working Group, there were 276 deaths and injuries from landmines or other explosives last year more than double the 112 recorded in 2015. Three police were killed and three others injured in a landmine blast just this week in the country's Rakhine State.
How did we get here?
Landmines in their current form were invented during the American Civil War, and have been a common weapon in many of the conflicts that have followed. Designed to kill and maim enemies, they often kill or injure civilians, often long after they are laid and the conflict is officially over.
By 1997, when the Ottawa Convention informally known as the Mine Ban Treaty was opened for signatures, the International Committee of the Red Cross estimated there were as many as 110 million landmines scattered across some 70 countries.
The treaty went into effect in 1999 and required that all signatories stop producing, buying, and selling landmines. It also called on countries to destroy stockpiles within four years and to fully de-mine within 10 years of becoming signatories.
Twenty-five countries have fully de-mined since the Ottawa Convention, according to the US-based Arms Control Association, and there are now 164 state parties to the treaty.
If they are banned, why are landmines still an issue?
Many countries still have mines left over from conflicts that took place before the Mine Ban Treaty went into effect. These remaining mines are part of a broader category of weapons known as explosive remnants of war (ERWs).
In Zimbabwe, for instance, more than 61 million square metres of land is still contaminated with landmines 40 years after the colonial government laid them during the struggle for independence.
Landmines not only pose a threat to people, but also to local and national economies. Livestock are also vulnerable to mines, and contaminated land cannot be used for farming.
Which countries are still affected by landmines?
As of last year, 58 countries were still contaminated with landmines, according to the Mine Action Review.
Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, and Iraq have the heaviest mine contamination. In Cambodia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, most of the mine contamination is due to ERWs. Colombia, too, is heavily contaminated.
Although Iraq and Afghanistan have ERW contamination, they also face contamination from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) left by non-state actors like the Taliban and the so-called Islamic State.
In Afghanistan, IEDs now pose a greater threat than explosive remnants from previous conflicts.
What about IEDs?
While landmines may be outlawed, IEDs continue to be used in conflict often by non-state actors in places such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Syria, and Yemen.
In 2017, the most recent year for which full data is available, IEDs caused the most casualties of any mine type. Afghanistan saw more than 1,000 deaths or injuries from IEDs the highest toll in the world that year. The Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor found that 88 percent of those killed or maimed by IEDs were civilians.
For organisations trying to keep track of landmines, IEDs can be particularly tricky. Reliable data can be hard to gather from active conflict zones, and IED incidents often go unrecorded.
Which countries are still producing and laying mines?
Four countries India, Pakistan, Myanmar, and South Korea are believed to still be actively producing landmines, according to the Landmine Cluster and Munition Monitor.
However, according to The Monitor, 11 countries China, Cuba, India, Iran, Myanmar, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, and Vietnam maintain the right to produce landmines.
In addition to Myanmar, governmental use of landmines has also been recorded in recent years in Libya and Syria.
In 2014, president Barack Obama's administration announced that the United States would not use landmines apart from on the Korean peninsula and would destroy some of its stockpile.
In 2018, following a slight reduction in tensions between North and South Korea, the two countries began removing some landmines in the demilitarised zone. Seoul and Pyongyang combined have laid somewhere between 1.8 and 2.2 million landmines.
So what is being done?
Global demining efforts are ongoing. In 2014, the signatories to the Mine Ban Treaty agreed to complete their mine clearance by 2025.
Progress is being made. Funding for demining efforts has been steady since 8,600 landmine-related deaths or injuries were recorded in 2016.
The UN Mine Action Service, which has been operational since 1997, also supported 18 programmes around the world in 2018 that cleared some 144 square kilometres of land.
Although 25 countries have already successfully demined, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines says only four countries are likely to make their demining deadlines.
Sixty-five percent of funding in 2017 went to just five countries Afghanistan, Colombia, Iraq, Laos, and Syria. Earlier this summer, Angola announced that it needed more than $300 million to stay on track to demine by its 2025 deadline.
In many countries, mine casualties are falling. Colombia, the most heavily mined country in the western hemisphere, recorded only 50 deaths and injuries in 2017, down from more than 1,200 in 2006. Still, it is not on track to meet its own 2021 deadline.
Demining efforts are still heavily reliant on people to find and remove landmines (however, a robot developed by a young Canadian engineer might soon enter the fray). Organisations like the HALO Trust train, equip, and pay local people to demine safely. In Angola, for example, HALO runs a project to train women how to demine.
Source: The New Humanitatian | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9659528136253356}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48828', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:G5755TTSVQFW3YVUCN2W6SPOZ72M6CXO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:6da6b82b-f7d5-45e8-9874-4950dcc9a108>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 11, 20, 7, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.54.116.148', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CXAYUFNSSRPOOXZ2XNNVCBYAA755J3GW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e7f36b6d-5461-405a-bda5-2d8f741b0469>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.zimbabweonlinenews.com/briefing-hundreds-of-landmine-deaths-and-injuries-each-year-despite-ban-3/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4bb786e1-2fe0-4b5d-91b3-a3d3f1d95caf>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1076', 'url': 'https://www.zimbabweonlinenews.com/briefing-hundreds-of-landmine-deaths-and-injuries-each-year-despite-ban-3/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-37.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05336242914199829', 'original_id': 'f4a084c618fdbddb93a5e1949880b0057db8155148a06382aff130d2fb42d8ca'} |
A List of Anti-angiogenic Foods
After much requests, Dr. William Li showed the slide with a list of Anti-angiogenic foods.
Antiangiogenic food A List of Anti angiogenic Foods
Some are a bit exotic such as ginseng and sea cucumber and could be expensive to acquire. Most of them are inexpensive and common food that we consume daily.
I’m trying to make sense of the list by grouping them. Some of them can be taken in volume, e.g. fruits, drink and vegetables. Others cannot have a significant amount in your daily dietary, e.g. spices, ginseng, olive oil and grape seed oil.
Dietary sources of naturally-occurring anti-angiogenic substances
Fruits Spices Drink Vegetable Others
Strawberries Lavender Red wine Pumpkin Dark chocolate
Blackberries Parsley Green tea Bok choy Sea cucumber
Raspberries Garlic Kale Tuna
Blueberries Nutmeg Soy beans Ginseng
Oranges Licorice Artichoke Olive oil
Grapefruit Turmeric Maitake mushroom Grape seed oil
Lemons Tomato
Red grapes
I’m not sure whether Dr. William Li had tested all common food exhaustively. But there are things conspicuously missing, such as coffee, white grapes. For me, I’d swap those unlisted for the listed here. It’s better to err on the side of caution.
Now it’s also known that some food if taken in large quantity contain bad or toxic substance, e.g. Tuna has high concentration of mercury; grape seed oil is ~70% linoleic acid (omega-6), which is believed to be a significant contributor to oxidization of LDL and Heart Disease.
There must be a fine balance.
I guess the old adage: an apple a day, keep doctor away, should mean that it’s safe to consume large quantity of apples.
Related posts
This entry was posted in Anti-angiogenic Food and tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . Bookmark the permalink.
One Response to A List of Anti-angiogenic Foods
1. R says:
One must remeber there are some interesting things left out of the antiangiogenic food idea. For example,
most of these foods are also anti-inflammatory that whole process may be the significant connection as wel las immune system function. I have a rare genetic disorder that is triggered more intensely with any kind of anti-inflammatory. Yet I also have retinal angiogenisis. It was once known as an auto-immune disorder but has now been
discovered to be a metabolic disorder. I actually activated because I had gone on a anti-inflammatory diet. My immune system when into hyper drive attacking my body. So be careful. Yes food is medicine but seek balance and moderation. Natural is always best but too much of a good thing can be bad as well.
Leave a Reply
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '87', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9099927544593812}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '35862', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:K4AFMHQCHURBQJTRJJFMVB4WX27HUL6E', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8f70f7e4-2254-48a3-8c48-cd8c6cc72b54>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 30, 17, 40, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '207.182.130.59', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Z3TYXDS7352PS7OB4XGRCEZJGPWLO4CK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6c168255-6ec8-48f1-98f3-b822f945ec05>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://foodtocure.com/a-list-of-anti-angiogenic-foods/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:aba15045-dfd4-4f11-adec-971499e72cc6>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '452', 'url': 'http://foodtocure.com/a-list-of-anti-angiogenic-foods/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.029483497142791748', 'original_id': '05ada98528dca4582bccc7db5737bccadc6e95352109b5abd7cf648aa9b8023c'} |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> [antlr-interest] Re: stuff I don't like about ANTLR 2.x
</TITLE>
<LINK REL="Index" HREF="index.html" >
<LINK REL="made" HREF="mailto:antlr-interest%40antlr.org?Subject=%5Bantlr-interest%5D%20Re%3A%20stuff%20I%20don%27t%20like%20about%20ANTLR%202.x&In-Reply-To=c2omgf%2Bmjc7%40eGroups.com">
<META NAME="robots" CONTENT="index,nofollow">
<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<LINK REL="Previous" HREF="006853.html">
<LINK REL="Next" HREF="006894.html">
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
<H1>[antlr-interest] Re: stuff I don't like about ANTLR 2.x</H1>
<B>Ric Klaren</B>
<A HREF="mailto:antlr-interest%40antlr.org?Subject=%5Bantlr-interest%5D%20Re%3A%20stuff%20I%20don%27t%20like%20about%20ANTLR%202.x&In-Reply-To=c2omgf%2Bmjc7%40eGroups.com"
TITLE="[antlr-interest] Re: stuff I don't like about ANTLR 2.x">klaren at cs.utwente.nl
</A><BR>
<I>Thu Mar 11 05:42:26 PST 2004</I>
<P><UL>
<LI>Previous message: <A HREF="006853.html">[antlr-interest] Re: stuff I don't like about ANTLR 2.x
</A></li>
<LI>Next message: <A HREF="006894.html">[antlr-interest]Stuff I like about ANTRL Re: stuff I don't like about ANTLR 2.x
</A></li>
<LI> <B>Messages sorted by:</B>
<a href="date.html#6862">[ date ]</a>
<a href="thread.html#6862">[ thread ]</a>
<a href="subject.html#6862">[ subject ]</a>
<a href="author.html#6862">[ author ]</a>
</LI>
</UL>
<HR>
<!--beginarticle-->
<PRE>On Thu, Mar 11, 2004 at 03:30:23AM -0000, edcjones wrote:
><i> Rewrite ANTRL in C or C++.
</I>
Hehe dunno how many horses we'd need to drag Terence to a C/C++ compiler ;)
><i> A grammar is a highly terse description of a highly recursive stucture
</I>><i> with little internal documentation and with bits of java in it like
</I>><i> prions in a brain. Are there better ways to write down a grammar?
</I>
Dunno, it works for me. All I know is that up to now I've always been
*very* glad to get rid of any userinterface in front of a parser tool/suite
and exchange it for the underlying commandline tools.
><i> Should there be a separate chapter on ANTLR parsers in the Reference
</I>><i> manual?
</I>
The whole manual could use a major rework.
><i> Non-interactive debugger. Ideally, there would be an interactive
</I>><i> debugger where you see the tokens as they are fed to the parser and
</I>><i> also see the changes that are made in tha AST.
</I>
There's ParseView for java mode but nobody seems interested in maintaining
it. The most up to date version (for 2.7.1?) of it can be downloaded from
my ANTLR page.
Cheers,
Ric
--
-----+++++*****************************************************+++++++++-------
---- Ric Klaren ----- <A HREF="http://www.antlr.org/mailman/listinfo/antlr-interest">j.klaren at utwente.nl</A> ----- +31 53 4893722 ----
-----+++++*****************************************************+++++++++-------
Wit is cultured insolence. --- Aristotle
Yahoo! Groups Links
<*> To visit your group on the web, go to:
<A HREF="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/antlr-interest/">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/antlr-interest/</A>
<*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
<A HREF="http://www.antlr.org/mailman/listinfo/antlr-interest">antlr-interest-unsubscribe at yahoogroups.com</A>
<*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:
<A HREF="http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/">http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/</A>
</PRE>
<!--endarticle-->
<HR>
<P><UL>
<!--threads-->
<LI>Previous message: <A HREF="006853.html">[antlr-interest] Re: stuff I don't like about ANTLR 2.x
</A></li>
<LI>Next message: <A HREF="006894.html">[antlr-interest]Stuff I like about ANTRL Re: stuff I don't like about ANTLR 2.x
</A></li>
<LI> <B>Messages sorted by:</B>
<a href="date.html#6862">[ date ]</a>
<a href="thread.html#6862">[ thread ]</a>
<a href="subject.html#6862">[ subject ]</a>
<a href="author.html#6862">[ author ]</a>
</LI>
</UL>
<hr>
<a href="http://www.antlr.org/mailman/listinfo/antlr-interest">More information about the antlr-interest
mailing list</a><br>
</body></html>
| the_stack | {'hexsha': 'dc58784fc602156f4e0d56f39da9304e5a66f2c8', 'size': '4401', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'pipermail/antlr-interest/2004-March/006862.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'hpcc-systems/website-antlr3', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': 'aa6181595356409f8dc624e54715f56bd10707a8', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['BSD-3-Clause']", 'max_stars_count': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'pipermail/antlr-interest/2004-March/006862.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'hpcc-systems/website-antlr3', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': 'aa6181595356409f8dc624e54715f56bd10707a8', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['BSD-3-Clause']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'pipermail/antlr-interest/2004-March/006862.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'hpcc-systems/website-antlr3', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': 'aa6181595356409f8dc624e54715f56bd10707a8', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['BSD-3-Clause']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '41.5188679245', 'max_line_length': '189', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.6289479664', 'original_id': '4ba6860e94272306ba1d9acf7028c356fb28c6d81a76705a1e8c08a1d0622403'} |
Print this page
Welfley's Knoll
Tour Stop
Enfilading Fire By Welfley's Battery From Welfley's KnollDirections: There is no path, but it is a short walk from the western most gun carriage [ Waypoint = N36 27.070 W94 01.708 ] to the top of Welfley's Knoll [ Waypoint = N36 27.072 W94 01.794 ]. Just head west up the hill for about 100 yards until you reach the snake rail fence. You should be able to tell when you are at the high point on the knoll. Turn around and look to the east / northeast.
Description: You are standing at the spot of great tactical importance discovered by Union Colonel Peter Osterhaus in he early morning of March 8th. This should be fairly obvious when you look towards the Confederate batteries in front of the Skirt of Timber. If the Federals could deploy their artillery batteries to this point, they would be able to send enfilading artillery fire into the Confederate positions.
Union General Peter OsterhausJust after dawn on March 8th, Union Colonel Osterhaus had been scouting the area west of the Wire Road when he rode across a ridge that provided a commanding view looking east towards the Confederate position. Osterhaus reported this back to Brigadier General Franz Sigel, who requested and received permission from Union Commander Samuel Curtis to deploy his forces on this ridge. Around 7:00 A.M. Sigel was moving his divisions into position when there was the sounds of artillery fire.
Union General Jeff C. DavisAbout this time, Brigadier General Jeff Davis observed enemy movement and ordered his artillery to open fire. Sigel and Osterhaus knew they needed to move quickly. They had not yet completed their division's deployment on the Federal left. Under fire from the Confederate batteries, Klauss's 1st Indiana Battery and Davidson's 2nd Illinois Battery quickly moved and deployed on the hill in the fields west of Wire Road. The Confederate batteries responded to Davis with artillery fire on the 3rd Division's infantry and caused Davis to pull back into wooded area for better protection from this firing. In response to Davis's movement, Carr ordered 4th Division to pull back.
Union General Samuel CurtisAt sound of the initial artillery fire, Union General Samuel Curtis reacted by riding to the front. He quickly ordered Sigel to deploy the 1st and 2nd Divisions behind the rail fence to the left (west) of Davis's 3rd Division. These deployments were completed by 8:00 A.M.
Confederate General Earl Van DornVan Dorn observed the Federal line of battle and ordered Good's Texas Battery and Wade's Missouri Battery to open fire on the Federal left. The artillery barrage had little effect on the Federals. Now Sigel ordered six Federal batteries to open fire on the Confederate batteries. There were 21 Federal artillery pieces facing 12 Confederate artillery pieces. The higher ground on Welfley's Knoll was a decisive factor. Sigel personally directed the Federal artillery. The Confederate Batteries had to fall back because the effective Federal artillery barrage.
The Federal 1st and 2nd Divisions continued to move forward deploying their batteries on the left up onto the ridge that Osterhaus had discovered earlier that morning. From this position, Captain Martin Welfley ordered his Independent Missouri Battery pour fire into the Confederate positions. The ridge would come to be known as Welfley's Knoll. Captain Martin Welfley in his official report:
“On Saturday the 8th instant, at 6 o'clock a m., the battery being ready, was ordered to the left wing, where I occupied with all five pieces the center of our division. Here my battery suffered most, being exposed to a terrific fire from the enemy. After two hours continuous firing I ordered the three howitzers to advance, and sent the 12-pounder guns to the left, where they occupied a slightly elevated ground, and opened a very successful fire on the then retreating forces of the enemy. The three howitzers then went forward and struck the Cassville road near the Elkhorn Tavern.”
Captain Louis Hoffman also had his 4th Ohio Battery deployed on the ridge and described what happened in his official report:
“The battery was placed on the left wing of the First Division, on a high plateau, and has not changed its position, firing without interruption during nearly four hours. After having compelled the enemy to stop the firing of his batteries, Hoffmann's battery turned its whole attention to a high rocky hill opposite our plateau, occupied by the strongest force of the enemy, for the support of our infantry, which at that timer commenced its marching up the said rocky hill. At 11 o'clock a. m. when the enemy left his position and commenced to retreat, the battery; on order, left the battle ground, and pursuing the enemy in northern direction on the Telegraph road and firing upon his rear guards.”
In response, Van Dorn ordered his Missouri and Arkansas units to attack, but they received enfilading fire from the Federal batteries deployed west of the Wire Road. The Southerners recoiled from this fire and withdrew in the the cover of the Skirt of Timber.
The artillery fire lasted for over two hours. During these two hours, Sigel continued to move the 1st and 2nd Divisions forward clockwise in a right wheel forward. By 10:00 A.M. the Federal left flank was facing east and extended all the way to Ford's Farm at the base of Big Mountain. Observing the bombardment for himself and hearing Sigel's report from Osterhaus, Curtis decided to attack. Curtis ordered the 3rd and 4th Divisions to get ready for the attack. Around 10:00 a.m., Curtis rode over to consult with Sigel who was located on the Union army's left flank. Curtis ordered Sigel to attack the Confederates.
It was in the middle of the Federal bombardment that Confederate Generals Sterling Price and Earl Van Dorn found out that their supply train was hours aways at Camp Stephens. Colonel Martin E. Green's 2nd Division of the Missouri State Guard had been left to guard the supply and ordnance trains. Van Dorn now realized that his forces could not be resupplied in time, and that he must retreat. Van Dorn also knew he could be easily cut off if he retreated back along the Bentonville Detour. Van Dorn decided to withdraw east along the Huntsville Road. To cover his withdrawal, Van Dorn ordered Colonel Henry Little to make a demonstration in the center of the Confederate line. Some units from Price's Missouri State Guard were ordered to support this demonstration.
At 10:30 A.M., Union General Sigel launched his attack on the Confederate right. His batteries opened fire while the infantry advanced. By this time, the Confederate left had already begun its withdrawal east. Union Colonel Jeff Davis ordered his 3rd Division forward against the Confederate center. The Federal advance caused the Confederates to retreat more quickly. Curtis had decided to hold Carr's 4th Division in a support role on the Union right. Curtis was unaware that the Confederates were retreating from the battlefield along the Huntsville Road just in front of Carr's position.
Confederate Captain Churchill ClarkThe Confederate batteries around Elkhorn Tavern continued to fire on the advancing Federals for as long as their ammunition held out. It was during this time that Captain Churchill Clark was killed. The grandson of famed explorer William Clark, Churchill Clark was only 19 years old. By noon, the last of the Confederates had marched down the Huntsville Road.
Confederate Colonel Henry Little, in command of the First Missouri Brigade astride the Wire Road, described the Federal advance in his official report:
Confederate General Henry Little“The enemy advanced. On, on they came, in overwhelming numbers, line after line; but they were met with the same determined courage which this protracted contest had taught them to appreciate. For more than half an hour our greatly diminished and exhausted troops held their hosts in check. Their intention of turning our flanks by their widely-extended line becoming now clearly evident, we slowly fell back from our advanced position, disputing every inch of ground which we relinquished.
“It was at this critical juncture that the gallant [Colonel] Rives fell mortally wounded, and, as though fortune sought to dispossess our resolutions by multiplying disasters, within a few minutes after the fall of Rives we suffered an irreparable loss in the fall of the young and chivalrous [Captain Churchill] Clark, whose battery kept up a galling fire on the advancing foe as our lines retired; and as we had now fallen back on a line with his position, being ordered to withdraw his guns, he fell, decapitated by a round shot while executing this maneuver; the last battery in action.”
Van Dorn wrote about his decision to withdraw in his official report:
“The enemy's position was a strong one [on Friday, March 7th], but we drove him from it and slept on our arms on the field of battle, night closing the first day's battle. The second day we found him at daylight in a new and stronger position to the rear of his first, about 2 miles off. From all the circumstances which surrounded me I determined to withdraw. I therefore made a demonstration in front to cover the movement and put the army on the road towards Huntsville,towards the east,and retired with a heavy heart, but with a determination to recover as soon as possible and fight again.”
The Federal artillery barrage had been too much for the Confederates. It had been very effective in hurting the Confederate infantry positions enough so there was little resistance when the Federals advanced. Van Dorn gave the order for his forces two withdraw east down the Huntsville road.
The Muse South African | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '53', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.974654257297516}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '33257', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7TSTU6PRYPWIA4IOWWOK5SZCQBRKAU7T', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f9139ce9-4d60-4e06-b280-0dd205e1018c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 10, 21, 33, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '76.196.110.33', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WYAIUJ7WPHRIJTZPKBVCOEJSJW2LOXTD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4bbdfe8e-85f2-422e-8b61-8dbaf7b54f59>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.thecivilwarmuse.com/index.php?mact=News,m73248,default,1&m73248number=3&m73248detailpage=news&m73248pagenumber=3&m73248returnid=364&m73248returnid=364&page=364', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d45a80d1-391d-4622-8107-c30489d79e51>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1599', 'url': 'http://www.thecivilwarmuse.com/index.php?mact=News,m73248,default,1&m73248number=3&m73248detailpage=news&m73248pagenumber=3&m73248returnid=364&m73248returnid=364&page=364', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-212.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018438518047332764', 'original_id': '53db9ef65e19fbee22d98dbb8d8f14177db2ee3a842165d354e2b4759214aba4'} |
UN envoy voices concern over of Galkacyo conflict
The UN special envoy for Somalia Michael Keating has voiced concern over the ongoing deadly fighting in the central town of Galkacyo in central Somalia, where two regional forces are battling for weeks.
Michael Keating has warned rise of Al shabaab presence in the town due to the relentless conflict, and called on both warring sides to immediately end the bloodshed through peaceful manner and dialogue.
Continuing, Unites Nations Special Representative of the Secretary General for Somalia Michael Keating said the international community is committed to support the peace efforts to ending Galkayo cries.
UN envoy and Somalia’s caretaker Somali premier Omar Abdirashid Sharmarke are expected to visit Galkacyo later this week, to assess the situation on the ground and seek way out for the renewed conflict between Galmudug and Puntland forces.
Failure to implement the ceasefire and find a peaceful solution to the crisis will not only cause further suffering for the population of Gaalkacyo, but will also escalate tensions that extremists could exploit.
Galkayo has been beset by frequent deadly battles which claimed lives of dozens of civilians. The majority of the city’s residents fled their houses because of the endless fighting. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '257575646bc0e2c9235f7383a70219716ae513c99a145493dea5d21dda42bf3b'} |
• Gibney Solutions
Appealing College Financial-Aid
It was great to have Gibney College Solutions LLC highlighted and quoted in the Wall Street Journal. The article focused on financial-aid awards and how families can appeal if they feel the award doesn't reflex their current situation. Here is an except from the article:
Financial-aid award letters have arrived or will soon arrive for graduating high-school seniors and returning college students. This year especially, more families may be experiencing substantially different economic circumstances than when they initially applied for aid. Families whose circumstances have changed—whether or not it is related to coronavirus—have the option to appeal their award. Here’s what those considering an appeal need to do.
Understand what circumstances might warrant an appeal. Generally, most schools won’t reconsider a student’s aid package unless something major has changed since the initial filing, such as parental loss of a job, a significant drop in income, unusually high out-of-pocket medical expenses or atypical one-time expenses. Because of the widespread economic impact of the pandemic, a family’s change in circumstances could be especially relevant this year given that the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or Fafsa, and the College Board’s CSS Profile for institutional aid both rely on data from a family’s 2018 tax returns.
Make the appeal as soon as possible. Institutional funds for aid are limited, so don’t delay. Remember, this year in particular, competition could be greater, given that more than 33 million Americans have filed for unemployment benefits since mid-March.
Follow the school-specific processes. Each school has its own appeals process. The school’s financial-aid website should say what is required. It is always a good idea to follow up with a phone call to a school’s financial-aid office since websites aren’t always up-to-date and families need to be sure they are following the proper procedure, says Scott Gibney, an educational consultant with Gibney College Solutions LLC in Newtown, Conn. Families should provide whatever information and use whatever forms a school requests. If a free-form letter is allowed, one page is ideal, says Mr. Gibney, who recommends that appeals be fact-based, use bullet points and stay on subject. Don’t make demands, he adds, and always be respectful.
Families need to do what’s financially prudent for them—even if it means disappointing their student—to avoid burdensome debt. “If you don’t get the money you were hoping for, you may need to make difficult choices,” Mr. Gibney says.
Appealing College Financial Aid | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9364948272705078}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '342988', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OCFJDQZXHFGGL73KMBD5DTQ2AGMKH2OV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:170d7c27-83da-42f5-a96f-a66e3eb8969f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 17, 17, 47, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.230.60.177', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7UTLESNL4PC4EL5KIMJAETAE5U32B6CH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ab32f1eb-c2be-4048-aece-1168a1df9eab>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.gibneysolutions.com/post/appealing-college-financial-aid', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e9d397f6-b3e8-47fc-9a3a-121d1d672d56>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '406', 'url': 'https://www.gibneysolutions.com/post/appealing-college-financial-aid', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-254.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.062259137630462646', 'original_id': '5f01b4e3700b18c3ab874bbda4d9f342989084334feacf0dfd9116bd8a7fcb62'} |
A galvanic battery and a galvanoscope were employed.” (See Highton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 39.) 1829. BECQUEREL,in 1829, made public a double-fluid galvanic battery consisting of copper, a salt of copper, dilute sulphuric acid or sulphate of zinc, and zinc. (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers’ Magazine, September 1842, p. 484.) 1829. Becquerel, in 1829, used membranous diaphragms in voltaic batteries. He also used porcelain clay, wetted with a solution of sea salt, and plaster of Paris. (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers’ Magazine, November 1842, p. 43.) 1830. Mr. Sturgeon, in 1830, published his method of using amalgamated rolled zinc plates as positive plates in gal- vanic batteries. His cast-iron single-fluid galvanic battery was invented about this time. (See Sturgeon’s Lectures on Galvanism, pp. 135-137.) 1830. Mr. Fox of Falmouth, in 1830, published his researches respecting the electricity of metalliferous veins. (See Philosophical Transactions, 1830, p. 399.) 1830. Dr. Ritchie, in 1830, put forward his torsion galvano- meter. (See Encyclopcedia Britannica, 7th edition, art. Voltaic Electricity, p.688.) 1830. M. Rayer ^Gntroduced, since 1830, during his service at the hospital of charity, a trough ” [galvanic ?] “ battery, and made it serve in th etreatment of all kinds of para- lysis.” (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. HI., p. 592.) 1831. Dr. Faraday, in 1831, produced an electric spark by the sudden separation of a coiled keeper from a permanent magnet. He also, in 1831, found an electric current to ELECTRICITY, Ixix A.D. exist in a copper plate rotated between the poles of a magnet. (See BakewelPs Electric Science, pp. 39, and 140, 141.) 1831. MM. Andral and Ratier, in 1831, published an article in the Dictionary of Medicine and Practical Surgery which gives a summary of the work of M. Andrieux on medical electricity. The various kinds of electricity are herein pro- posed as extremely powerful physical agents. (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity , Vol. III., pp. 591, 592.) 1831. Dr. Faraday, in 1831, discovered the existence of the electric current induced in a hollow coil of wire when a steel permanent magnet is introduced into or withdrawn from the coil. An electro-magnet was afterwards substituted for the permanent magnet with even greater success. (See BakewelFs Electric Science, p. 39.) 1831. Professor Henry of Princeton, U.S., in 1831, sug- gested the application of electro-magnetic force to motive power. (See Encyclopcedia Britannica, 7th edition, art. Voltaic Electricity, p. 687.) 1832. Schilling invented his electric telegraph in 1832. He employed five magnetic needles and had also a mechanical alarum.” In another telegraph he only used one wire and one needle. (See Highton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 39.) 1832. Schilling, in 1832, placed the telegraph magnetic needles vertical. (See Highton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 137.) 1832. Schilling, in 1832, used a weight which was caused to fall by a current of electricity to sound a bell. (See High- ton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 137.) 1832. Dr. Botto pf Turin, in 1832, made a thermo-electric battery of platinum and iron. (See Noad’s Lectures on Electricity, p. 426.) 1832. M. Pixii, in 1832, constructed his magneto-electric ma- chine. In this arrangement a horseshoe permanent magnet rotated in front of a coiled keeper. (See Highton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 17 ; also De la Rive’s Treatise oh Electricity, Vol. I., p. 373.) 1832. Salvator Dal Negro, in November 1832, published a paper in which he explained the method adopted by him of applying electro-magnetism to move machines. (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers^ Magazine, November 1842, p. 48.) Ixx INTRODUCTION : A.D. 1832. Dr. ScHULTHESs, in December 1832, delivered a lecture before the Philosophical Society of Zurich, in which he asks. Whether such a power as that which is obtained by inter- * rupting the electric current, and then restoring it, could “ not be applied with advantage in mechanical science 1833. and in January 1833, he exhibited before the Mechanics’ Society a machine in which this had been so far accomphshed. (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers’ Magazine, November 1842, p. 48.) 1833. Mr. Saxton, in 1833, submitted his magneto-electric machine to the British Association ; the coils rotate in front of the poles of a fixed magnet. (See Highton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 17.) Gauss and Weber invented their electric telegraph in 1833. 1833. One wire and one needle only were needed. The “ power employed was magneto-electricity.” (See High- ton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 39.) 1833. Thomas Davenport, in 1833, suggested electro-motion. (See Encyclopcedia Britannica, 7th edition, art. Voltaic Electricity, p. 687.) 1833. Sturgeon, in 1833, exhibited an electro-magnetic engine which was capable of pumping water, sawing wood, and performing other mechanical operations. (See Dodd’s Industrial Applications of Electricity , p. 8.) 1833. M. Marianini, in 1833, relates a number of cases of paralysis treated by voltaic electricity. The application is by shocks, which are made to pass through the affected part, sometimes in one direction and sometimes in the opposite. In one case cited, a battery of from 58 to 75 pairs was em- ployed. (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. III., pp. 589, 590.) 1834. Dr. Faraday, in 1834, demonstrated the definite nature of electro-chemical or electrolytic decomposition, and showed that the chemical equivalents of bodies were also their electro-chemical equivalents ; he also discovered that the chemical power of an electric current is in direct proportion to the quantity of electricity that circulates. (See Faraday’s Experimental Researches in Electricity, 7th series, section 7 ; also Philosophical Transactions, 1834 ; also Bakewell’s Electric Science, pp. 124-127.) ELECTRICITY. Ixxi A.D. 1834. Dr. Faraday, in 1834, established the principle that the quantity of electricity evolved from a galvanic battery depends upon the size of the plates, and the intensity of the electric current upon the number of pairs. (See Faraday’s Experimental Researches, 8th series, paragraph 991 ; also Dr. Golding Bird’s Natural Philosophy, p. 227.) 1834. Dr. Faraday, in 1834, applied the voltameter to test the quantity of a voltaic current. (See Philosophical Tr ansae- ' tions, 1834, pp. 704-741. 1834. Sir William Snow Harris, between the years 1834 and 1839, applied the principle of his hydrostatic magneto- meter to the electrometer. (See Sir W. Snow Harris’ Rudi- mentary Electricity, p. 85.) 1834. Sir William Snow Harris, in 1834, applied the common scale beam to measure electric forces. (See Sir W. Snow Harris’ Rudimentary Electricity, p. 86.) 1834. Professor Wheatstone, in 1834, found the velocity of electricity to be 288,000 miles in a second, upon the double- fluid theory of electricity, or upon the single-fluid theory 576,000 miles per second. ^^This fact was deduced by catching in a mirror, whilst revolving on a horizontal axis at the rate of 800 times in a second, three electrical sparks produced by the discharge of an electrical jar in an interrupted circuit, the interruptions being at each end and in the middle of the conducting wire.” In this experiment the centre spark fell out of the line of the other sparks by half a degree of the circle.” (See Sir W. Snow Harris’ Rudimentary Electricity, p. 123.) Mr. Henry Bessemer, of Camden Town, about the 1834. year 1834, electro-deposited copper on lead castings so as "" to produce antique heads in relief for mantelpiece orna- ‘‘ ments.” (See Encyclopcedia Britannica, 8th edition, art. Electrotypie, p. 627 ; also Mechanics^ Magazine, February 1844, p. 73.) 1834. Professor Jacobi, in November 1834, laid before the Academy of Sciences of Paris, a note upon a new electro- magnetic apparatus.” (See Practical Mechanic and En- gineers’ Magazine, November 1842, p. 48.) 1834. Mr. E. M. Clarke, in 1834, invented a magneto-electric machine in which coils rotate at the side of the magnet. Ixxii INTRODUCTION: AD ’ * Different armatures were used for intensity and quantity currents. (See Encyclopcedia Britannica, 7th edition, art. Voltaic Electricity, p. 693.) 1834. Dr. Faraday, in December 1834, experimented on the induction of a galvanic current upon itself. Professor Henry of Princeton, U. S., M. Abria, and M. Wart- man n also laboured in the same field of science. (See Faraday’s Experimental Researches in Electricity, Vol. I., pp. 322-343; also De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity,' Vol. I., pp. 393-402.) 1835. Forbes, in 1835, employed a thermo-multiplier to mea- sure the heat caused by the concentration of moonlight 3000 times ; the result was that no trace of heating was observed. (See London and Edinburgh Philosophical Maga- zine, Vol. VI., p. 138 ; also Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, Vol. L, p. 166.) 1836. M. ScHOENBEiN, in 1836, made his celebrated investi- gations on the negative polarity induced upon iron, which renders it unattackable by acids or ^‘passive.” Dr. Fara- day and M. Beetz immediately followed up these experi- ments, and proved that passive iron was covered with a pellicle of oxide. Mr. Andrews demonstrated the pas- sivity of bismuth, M. Beetz that of nickel, and M. Nickles that of cobalt. Heat, and electrolytical and chemical action under certain circumstances, are the means of rendering the above metals passive. (See Faraday’s Experimental Researches in Electricity, Vol. II., pp. 234 and 239; and De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. II., pp. 738-744.) 1836. Sir William Snow Harris, in 1836, published a description of the bifiJar balance electrometer,” invented by himself. (See Philosophical Transactions, 1836; also Sir W. Snow Harris’ Rudimentary Electricity, p. 83.) 1836. Chevalier Antinori, of Florence, in 1836, by con- "" necting a thermo-electric battery with a helix of insulated “ copper wire, about 500 feet in length, obtained on breaking contact, a vivid spark, from the induced or secondary current produced by the passage of the pri- “ mary thermo-electric current.” (See Dr. Golding Bird’s Natural Philosophy, p. 280.) ELECTRICITY. Ixxiil A.D. 1836. Professor Daniell, in 1836, published an account of his constant ” galvanic battery in the Philosophical Transac- tions. In this double-fluid battery the elements are, copper, acid solution of sulphate of copper, dilute sulphuric acid, and amalgamated zinc; a copper cylinder surrounds a bolt of zinc. A battery of 70 cells fused titanium and heated 16 feet 4 inches of No. 20 platinum wire. (See Encyclo- pcedia Britannica, 7th edition, art. Voltaic Electricity, pp. 669-671 ; also Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, pp. 393 and 421 ; also BakewelPs Electric Science, pp. 43, and 106, 107.) Mr. Mullins brought forward his sustaining” galvanic 1836. battery in 1836. This double-fluid battery consists of copper, acid solution of sulphate of copper, solution of chloride of ammonium, and unamalgamated zinc ; the zinc surrounds the copper. (See Philosophical Magazine, 1836, p. 283; also Encyclopcedia Britannica, 7th edition, art. Voltaic Electricity, p. 671 ; also Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, Vol. I., p. 393; also Practical Mechanic and Engineers^ Magazine, September 1842, pp. 484, 485.) De la Rue published a description of his galvanic battery 1836. in 1836. This was a peculiar form of Danieirs battery in which all the cells could be filled at one time. (See Philosophical Magazine, 1836; also Smee’s Electro-metal- lurgy, History, p. xviii.) 1836. Mr. De la Rue, in 1836, published the following re- marks in reference to the properties of his modification of Daniell’s galvanic battery; — The copper plate is also covered with a coating of metallic copper, which is con- tinually being deposited ; and so perfect is the sheet of copper thus formed, that, being stripped off, it has the counterpart of every scratch of the plate on which it is deposited.” This is interesting in relation to electro- metallurgy. (See Philosophical Magazine, 1836 ; also Smee’s Electro-metallurgy, History, p. xviii.) Messrs. Taquin and Ettieyhausen established their 1836. electric telegraph in Vienna in 1836. The wires were partly suspended in the air and partly buried in the earth. (See Highton’s Electric Telegraph, pp. 39 and 57.) Ixxiv INTRODUCTION ; A.D. 1836. Mr. Andrew Crosse, in 1836, showed his electrical arrangements to Sir Richard Phillips and other members of the British Association. These arrangements consisted of 2500 voltaic pairs excited only by pure water, and prin- cipally employed to produce minerals artificially; also of one-third of a mile of exploring wire to collect atmospheric electricity, and suitable apparatus for its discharge and for carrying on gigantic experiments with it. Professor Sedg- wick saw the atmospheric apparatus in the year 1819. Crosse also used a condenser or electrical battery, in which plates of mica separated the polar surfaces. (See Sturgeon’s Annals of Electricity , &c., Vol. L, January 1837, pp. 135- 145; also Noad’s Manual of Electricity , pp. 257-259.) 1837. Mr. Andrew Crosse, in 1837, found insects (the electrical acarus”) produced in his apparatus for electro- crystallization. (See Sturgeon’s Annals of Electricity , &c., Vol. I., April 1837, pp. 242-244.) 1837. Steinheil, in 1837, made the counting of the number of motions of the magnetic needle the basis of his telegraphic alphabet. (See Highton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 137.) 1837. Steinheil, in 1837, used wires suspended in the air, and buried in the ground, for an electric telegraph. (See Highton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 137.) 1837. Steinheil invented his electric telegraph in 1837. “ This telegraph required only one wire and one or two magnetic needles. The power used was magneto-elec- “ tricity. Steinheil had a printing telegraph as well as a means of telegraphing by sounds produced by electric apparatus striking bells.” The signals of the printing or marking telegraph were made by furnishing the needles with small tubes containing ink ; by the motions of the needles "" dots were made on paper properly moved in front “of them by wound-up mechanism ; one needle making “ dots in one line, and the other needle making dots in a “ line underneath the former.” (See Highton’si^Zecfnc Telegraph, pp. 39, and 57-60.) 1837. Masson, in 1837, erected a telegraph at Caen, in which magneto-electricity was made to operate upon magnetic needles. (See Highton’s Electric Telegraph, pp.40, and 60-62.) ELECTRICITY. Ixxv A.D. 1837. Dr. Andrews, in 1837, constructed a thermo-electric battery of platinum wires and fused salts. (See London^ Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, June 1837, Vol. X., p. 433.) 1837. M. Becquerel, in 1837, invented his electro-magnetic balance. By means of this instrument the proportional intensity of galvanic currents is ascertained, weights being placed in a scale pan attached to the moveable soft iron core of the electro-magnet sufficient to restore the equili- brium. (See Sturgeon’s Annals of Electricity , &c., Vol. I., July 1837, pp. 398-404; also De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. I., pp. 339-341.) 1837. Dr. Golding Bird, in 1837, by using a constant gal- vanic current of low tension, decomposed fluorides of silicon, and the chlorides of potassium, sodium, and ammonium ; silicon [silicium ?] was thus obtained in a metallic state, and potassium, sodium, and ammonium as amalgams. (See Philosophical Transactions, 1837, p. 37 ; also Dr. Golding Bird’s Natural Philosophy, p. 240,) Professor Morse says that the idea of an electric tele- graph occurred to him in 1832, but he did not test his 1837. telegraph until September 1837, and the first experiment was made October 2, 1837. In this telegraph a marking lever makes pricks on paper (a pen or pencil was at first used), the lever being actuated by an electro-magnet ; one wire only is used. (See Abbe Moigno’s Traite de Tele- graphie Electrique, pp. 75-79; also Highton’s Electric Telegraph, pp. 60-63.) 1837. Vail, in September, 1837, whilst making the Morse instrument, invented a single-wire printing electric tele- graph. A type wheel is moved forward by a clockwork escapement, regulated by a pendulum, on the excitation of an electro-magnet ; the paper is pressed against a type wheel, and an impression made of the letter then present. (See'Highton’s Electric Telegraph, pp. 63, 64.) 1837. Mr. Sturgeon, in 1837, published his investigations relating to the thickness of iron suitable for electro-magnets. Some time previous to this date he discovered ^^that if a bar of soft iron be surrounded with coils of wire, and an electric current be transmitted in the same direction through each convolution, that the soft iron bar instantly Ixxvi A.D. INTRODUCTION : becomes a magnet, and is capable of attracting other pieces of soft iron or steel, and that it remains magnetic so long as the electric current is passing through the coils ; and that as soon as the current ceases the bar instantly loses its magnetic condition, and no longer “ attracts pieces of adjacent iron or steel.” (See Sturgeon’s Annals of Electricity, &c., Vol. L, October 1837, pp. 470- 484; also Highton’s Electric Telegraph, p. 27.) Young’s single-fluid galvanic battery was invented in 1837. 1837. It consists of zinc and copper plates so arranged that a copper plate comes between two zinc plates, and a zinc plate between two copper plates; the pairs are interlaced. A mixture of dilute sulphuric and nitric acids is used to ex- cite this battery. (See Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, Vol. I., p. 425; also Practical Mechanic and Engineers^ Magazine, February 1842, p. 193.) 1838. Mullins, in 1838, substituted sycamore porous cells (in double-fluid galvanic batteries) for animal membranes. (See Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, Vol. I., p. 422 : also Practical Mechanic and Engineers* Magazine, September 1842, pp. 484, 485, and November 1842, pp. 43, 44.) 1838. Professor Jacobi, in 1838, produced a vessel upon the Neva worked by electro-magnets.” (See Abridgments of the Specifications relating to Marine Propulsion, Part II., p 144; also Times Newspaper, December 26, 1857, p. 9, col. 4 ; also Practical Mechanic and Engineers* Magazine, November 1842, p. 48.) M. Amyot’s proposal for an electric telegraph was made 1838. to the Academie des Sciences on July 2, 1838. In this telegraph it was intended to use a single current and a single needle, “which writes of itself on the })aper,” the paper being moved by clockwork. (See Abbe Moigno’s Traite de Telegrophie Electrique, pp.84, 85.) 1838. Professor Jaoobi first announced his “ galvano-plastic ” process in October, 1838. An allusion to it was published in this country in May 1839 ; the paragraph is as follows : — “ He has found a method — if we understand our informant “ rightly — of converting any line, however fine, engraved “ on copper, into a relief by galvanic process.” Jacobi says that his process is applicable to copj)er-plate engravings, medals, stereotype plates, ornaments, and to making calico- ELECTRICITY. Ixxvii A.D. printing blocks and patterns for paper-hangings. (See Smee’s Electro-metallurgy, History, p, xviii.; also Athenmum, May 4, 1839; also Mechanics^ Magazine, May 11, 1839, and February 24, 1844, p. 118 ; also Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, Vol. L, pp. 502-510.) 1838. ScHWEiGGER, in his journal, in 1838, proposes the fol- lowing modification of Soemmering’s electric telegraph : — The use of two galvanic batteries, one weaker than the other, so as to vary the amount of gas evolved in a given time ; he proposes also to vary the period of time of the evolution of the gases. The number of wires would be then reduced to two. Printing the letters by means of lamp- black paper, &c., was also suggested. (See Abbe Moigno’s Traite de Telegraphie Electrique, pp. 64, 65 ; also Highton’s Electric Telegraph, pp. 48, 49.) 1838, Mr. J. Dancer, of Liverpool, about 1838, used porous vessels of the thinnest unglazed biscuit ware for galvanic batterfes. (See Dr. Golding Bird’s Natural Philosophy, p. 229 ; also Mechanics^ Magazin February 3, 1844, p. 76.) 1839. Dr. William O’Shaughnessy, at Calcutta, in 1839, made experiments on a small scale to submerge an insu- lated electric conductor under water ; the conductor con- sisted of copper wire coated with cotton thread saturated with pitch and tar. (See Journal of the Society of Arts, April 23, 1858, p. 351.) M. VoRSSELMAN DE Heer, ou the 31 st of January, 1839. 1839, exhibited an electro-physiological telegraph at a meeting of the Societe de Physique of Deventer. Ten wires are used, and the operator’s fingers receive shocks, the signal being determined by the fingers affected ; it is also proposed to use secondary currents. (See PoggendorfP’s Annalen, Vol. XLVL, p. 513; also Abbe Moigno’s Traite de Telegraphie Electrique, pp. 90-95 ; also Journal of the Society of Arts, April 23, 1858, p, 358.) 1839, Grove’s galvanic battery was invented in 1839. In this double-fluid battery the elements are platinum, nitric acid, dilute sulphuric acid, and amalgamated zinc. (See Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, Vol. I., pp. 391 and 422; also Noad’s Lectures on Electricity, 3rd edition, p. 167.) INTRODUCTION : Ixxviii A D 1839* Spencer, about the year 1839, in galvanic bat- teries, substituted a brown packing paper porous cell for the ox-gullet of Daniell’s battery : also Glauber’s salt or sulphate of zinc for dilute sulphuric acid. (See Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, Vol. 59, 60.) 1839. Mr. T. Spencer, on May 8, 1839, gave notice to read a paper on the Electrotype process ” to the Liverpool Poly- technic Society : this paper was read September 12, 1839, The experiments resulting in this discovery wxre begun in September, 1837. The invention comprises the following points : — 1st. To engrave in relief on a plate of copper the plate was etched by the ordinary etching process, and copper electro-deposited in the sunken lines, so as to stand out in relief. 2nd. To deposit a solid voltaic plate, having the lines in relief;” an electrotype cast is taken of an engraved plate ; as the lines are Sunken in the plate, they are in relief in the electro-cast. 3rd. To procure fac- similes of medals, &c. according to one method an electro-mould and electro-cast from that mould was taken : and according to another method a leaden mould was taken by pressure, and an electro-cast from that mould. 4th. To obtain “ a voltaic impression from a plaster or clay “ model the object was rendered conducting by means of bronze powder ” or gold leaf, and an electro-cast taken. 5th. To obtain any number of copies from an already- engraved copper-plate;” a copper-plate is engraved in the usual way, an impression of it is obtained in sheet lead by pressure, and an electro-cast taken from the lead. It is besides stated that iron castings may be preserved from the weather by an electro-coat of copper. The single-cell pro- cess is used. The subject was afterwards brought before the meeting of the British Association at Birmingham in 1839, and numerous specimens were exhibited, thus attract- ing the attention of the public to this application of electric force. (See An Account of some Experiments made for the Purpose of ascertaining how far Voltaic Electricity may be usefully applied to the purpose of Working in Metal, by Thomas Spencer, Liverpool, 1839; also Mechanics'^ Ma- A.D. ELECTRICITY. Ixxix gazine, November 23, 1844, p. 367 also Bakewell’s Electric Science,'^. 176.) 1839. Mr. C. J. Jordan, on May 22, 1839, communicated the results of his electro-metallurgical experiments to the Editor of the ‘‘Mechanics’ Magazine,” and the letter appeared in that periodical on June 8, 1839. These experiments were begun in the commencement of the summer of 1 838, and they were made “mth a view of obtaining impressions from “ engraved copper plates, by the aid of galvanism.” A single-cell arrangement was employed to obtain an electro- cast from an engraved copper plate. The application of electro -metallurgical processes to various useful purposes was also suggested. (See Mechanics^ Magazine, June 8, 1839 ; also Jordantype, otherwise called “ Electrotype,’'^ by Henry Dircks, London, 1842 ; also Contributions toivards a History of Electro-metallurgy , deposited in the Patent Office Library, January 1859, by Henry Dircks). 1839. Colonel Pasley, in 1839, proposed to the Admiralty to blow up the wreck of the Royal George, which had been submerged for sixty years at Spithead, by electro-blasting. Brass guns of sufficient value to pay for all Colonel Pasley’ s operations were recovered. (See Dodd’s Industrial Applica- tions of Electricity , pp. 14, 15.) 1839. Dr. Golding Bird, in 1839, noticed that the platinum plates of a voltameter, already polarized by connection with a galvanic battery, when connected with an amalgamated zinc plate immersed in the acidulated water, would evolve hydrogen in unequal volumes, one nearly twice as much as the other. (See Philosophical Magazine, 1839; also Dr. Golding Bird’s Natural Philosophy, pjf. 238, 239.) Professor Wheatstone, at the commencement of the 1840. year 1840, invented his “ chronoscope ” or instrument for measuring the duration of small intervals of time ; this instrument has been applied to measure the velocity of pro- jectiles. It is composed of a clock movement, set free at the moment of the ball’s exit from the gun, and stopped when the ball reaches the target. For this purpose a wire in the galvanic circuit, at the gun’s mouth, is broken at the instant the ball passes out of the gun ; the circuit is com- pleted when the ball reaches the target. The galvanic current acts on the clock movement by means of an electro- INTRODUCTION : Ixxx AD * * magnet. (See Abbe Moigno’s Traite de Telegraphie Mec^ triQue. pp. 142-150 ; also Dela Rive’s Treatise on Electricity. Vol. III. p. 484.) 1840. Mr. Murray, in January 1840, used plumbago to make non-conducting surfaces conducting, so as to enable metallic copper to be electro-deposited upon them. (See Smee’s Electro-metallurgy, History, pp. xxi. xxii.) tl840. De LA Rive, in 1840, made known the process of electro- gilding employed by him in 1828. Platinum and silver wires were electro-gilt ‘^by employing them as negative electrodes in a solution of chloride of gold.” (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. III., p. 546. 1840. Professor Jacobi, in 1840, used a modification of Daniell’s constant galvanic battery, consisting of a lead or copper cylinder, with thin earthenware to separate the fluid elements ; the zinc is in the centre. (See Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry ,\ o\. I., p. 422.) 1840. Mr. William Armstrong,^ of Newcastle, in 1840, successfully experimented upon the electricity of effluent high-pressure steam; the result was the hydro-electric machine. Faraday proved that the electrical excitement is due to the friction of the particles of water against the sides of the jet whence the steam issues. (See Bakewell’s Electric Science, p. 45.) 1840. Smee’s galvanic battery was invented in 1840. In this single-fluid arrangement the elements are, platinized silver, dilute sulphuric acid, and amalgamated zinc. (See Smee’s Electro-metallurgy , p. 18 ; also Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemist^, p. 419.) 1840. Mason, in 1840, employed the battery process in electro- typy. (See Proceedings of the Electrical Society, April 1840, p. 203; also Walker’s Electrotype Manipulation, Part I,p.22.) 1840. Mr. Andrew Crosse, in 1840, imitated constant and intermittent springs, by passing the current from a constant galvanic battery through moistened pipe-clay in a garden pot placed in a basin full of water. (SeeNoad’s Manual of Electricity, pp. 390-392.) 1840. M. De Ruolz, on December 19, 1840, took out a patent [in France ?] for electro-gilding. He uses the fol- A.D. ELECTRICITY. Ixxxi lowing solutions: — The double chloride of gold and sodium dissolved in soda, chloride of gold dissolved in yellow ferrocyanide of potassium, sulphuret of gold dis- solved in neutral sulphuret of potassium. (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. III., pp. 549-551.) 1841. M. Abria, in 1841, proved that, in magnetizing a steel needle by an electro-dynamic helix, whatever be the length of the needle, provided it is not longer than the helix, its poles are always placed at the two extremities of the part inserted, and that the portion which is outside the helix is not magnetized. He also investigated the influence that the length and diameter ot the needles, and the length and diameter of the helix, exerted over the magnetic intensity, and found that the longer a needle or helix was in com- parison to its diameter, the greater the magnetic intensity (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. I., pp. 287- 289; also Vol. II., p. 889.) 1841. M. De Ruolz, in 1841, electro-deposited brass from the cyanides of zinc and copper dissolved together in a solution of cyanide of potassium. (See Gore’s Theory and Practice of Electro-deposition, p. 62 ; also Walker’s Electrotype Manipulation, last edition.) 1841. Professor Grove, in 1841, read a paper at a meeting of the London Electrical Society, in which he proposed to etch daguerreotypes by the voltaic current. The solution used consists of moderately dilute hydrochloric acid. (See Prac~ tical Mechanic and Engineers^ Magazine, October 1841, p. 34 ; also Smee’s Electro-metallurgy, p. 336.) 1841. Mr. Alfred Smee, in 1841, published the results of his electro-metallurgical experiments, and enunciated the laws regulating the character of the metallic deposit. He electro- deposited the following metals from their solutions in the reguline form Platinum, gold, palladium, iridium, rho- dium, silver, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, iron, lead, and antimony. Many applications of electro-metallurgy are set forth and suggested in the three editions of Mr. Smee’s ‘"Electro-metallurgy.” (See Smee’s Elements of Electro- metallurgy, 1st edition, 8vo., London, 1841, also the 2nd and 3rd editions of the same work.) f Ixxxii INTRODUCTION : 1842. Pi'ofessor Morse, in 1842, gave it as his opinion that Europe and America might be connected by means of the electric telegraph. (See Whitehouse’s pamphlet. The Atlantic Telegraph, pp. 3, 4.) 1842. Mr. J. P. (See British Association Report, 1842, p. 31.) 1842. Bunsen’s double-fluid’' galvanic battery was invented in 1842. Its elements are, coke, nitric acid, dilute sulphuric acid, and amalgamated zinc ; a hollow cylinder of coke is made to surround a rod of amalgamated zinc. Bonijol places a hollow cylinder of zinc round a solid cylinder of coke. (See Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, pp. 392 and 423 ; also De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. I., pp. 45-47.) 1842. Grove’s gas battery was invented in 1842. This arrange- ment consists of platinized platinum plates arranged in pairs, one plate of each pair being in contact with oxygen gas and acidulated water, the other in contact with hydrogen and the same acidulated water; the pairs are connected as in ordinary galvanic batteries, and the gases are absorbed during the action of the batteiy. (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. II., pp. 723-733.) 1842. MM. Masson and Breguet, in 1842, constructed an electro- dynamic coil, with which they obtained a spark between the poles in vacuo without previous contact, the apparatus being in connection with a galvanic battery. (See Noad’s Manual of Electricity, pp. 726, 727.) 1842. Mr. Robert Davidson, in September 1842, tried his electro-magnetic locomotive upon the Edinburgh and Glas- gow Railway. It consisted of horseshoe electro-magnets opposed radially to keepers fixed on the driving wheel shafts parallel to their axes. Mr. Davidson was engaged in the construction of electro-magnetic engines in 1837. (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers^ Magazine, Novem- ber 1842, pp. 4.9-52.) Roberts’ single-fluid galvanic battery, and the method 1842. of using it for blasting purposes were made public in 1842. The battery consists of cast iron and amalgamated zinc plates placed interlacing in a frame ; the exciting liquid is dilute A.D. ELECTRICITY. Ixxxiii sulphuric acid. The whole apparatus for blasting consists of the battery, conducting wires, cartridges, and galvano- meter to test the cartridges ; the conducting wires are insu- lated from one another and twisted so as to forai one rope, they terminate in the cartridge, and have fine steel balance wire ” stretched across their ends, their other termina- tions are connected to the battery poles. To use this appa- ratus the cartridge is placed in the centre of the charge of powder and the battery connection made, when the steel wire becomes red hot, fires the cartridge, and explodes the charge of powder. (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers^ Magazine, November 1842, pp. 45-48.) 1842. M. Matteucci, in 1842, wrote upon the electric current proper to the frog, and determined the conditions of its development and its course. (See British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, January 1854, pp. 134-137.) 1842. Wohler and Weber, in 1842, used a double-fluid galvanic battery in which iron was the positive as well as the negative plate ; the positive plate was immersed in dilute and sulphuric acid, the negative plate in strong nitric acid, and thus kept in a passive state. (See Annalen de Chemie und Pharmacie, Vol. XXXVIII, p. 307 ; also Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, Vol. I., p. 423.) 1842. Moser, in 1842, discovered that if two bodies are in con- tact, or very near together, they impress their image upon each other. Karsten succeeded, a short time after Moser’s discovery, in producing similar figures under analogous circumstances, making use of frictional electricity. A glass plate, placed between a coin and metal plate, which respec- tively receives and conveys away the electric fluid, has the image of the coin. This image appears, in its most minute details, on being breathed upon. (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. II., pp. 174-180.) Mr. Cub ITT planned the destruction of the Round Down Cliff by electro-blasting. This event took place, January 1843. 26, 1843. (See Noad’s Lectures on Electricity, pp. 191- 193.) 1843. M. Dubois Reymond, in January 1843, announced the following law of animal electricity (the so-called frog cur- rent”) : — When any point of the longitudinal section of f 2 Ixxxiv INTRODUCTION ; AD. ’ ’ “ a muscle is connected by a conductor with any point of the transverse section, an electric current is established, which is directed, in the muscle from the transverse to the longitudinal section/’ (See British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, January 1854, p. 137.) 1843. Mr. J. P. Joule made public his galvanometer in 1843, This instrument consists of a pivoted magnetic needle, which can be surrounded by coils respectively adapted to the measurement of the galvanic current under examination. (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers^ Magazine, October 1843, pp. 39, 40.) 1843. MM. Breguet and Konstantinoff, in 1843, con- structed a chronoscope depending on the same principles as that of Professor Wheatsone; a rotating cylinder with styles is, however, substituted for the clock movement. (See Abbe Moigno’s Traite de Telegraphic Electrique, pp. 138, 139, and 150 ; also De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity , Vol. III., pp. 484, 485.) 1843, Professor Wheatstone, in 1843, proposed to register observations of meteorological instruments. The electric circuit is completed by the contact of mercury with a plati- num wire placed in the tube of the instrument. In this way the meteorological condition of space may be observed by means of a balloon, or the instruments may be buried in the depths of the earth. The thermometer-telegraph ” is said, in a Report addressed to the British Association to act perfectly at the distance of many miles. (See Abbe Moigno’s Traite de Telegraphic Electrique, pp. 128r-132.) 1843. Mr. Nott, on August 17, 184.3, read a description of his rheo-electric machine to the British Association. It consists of a plate of glass and a plate of resin ; the rubbers to these plates being connected, “ a complete circle is formed as in the voltaic pile.” (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers'* Magazine, September 1843, pp. 469, 470.) 1843. Mr. G. Little, in 1843, described an electro-magnetic motion.” A metallic ball is caused to move in a circular metallic railway by the alternate ti})ping of the sole plate ; the rails are divided at opposite points of the circle, and caused to complete the electric circuit differently, according to the position of the ball on one or other semicircle ; the. ELECTRICITY. Ixxxv A.D. tipping of the sole plate is caused by horseshoe electro- magnets alternately excited by the above-described means. (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers^ Magazine, August 1843, pp. 435, 436.) 1844. Baron Reich enbach, in 1844, investigated the action of electrical forces of all kinds upon ‘‘sensitives,” and found that electrified bodies appeared to the “ sensitives,” in an absolutely dark room, to give forth luminous emana- tions. Other effects are described. (See Reichenbach’s Researches on Magnetism, Electricity, Heat, Eight, Crys- tallization, and Chemical Attraction in their relation to Vital Force. Translated and edited by Dr. Gregory, London, 1846.) 1844. Mr. George Little, in 1844, described an “electro- “ locomotive.” It consists of an axle on which T-shaped magnets are placed; fixed horseshoe electro-magnets act upon these, and, by means of a commutator, produce rota- tion of the axle. (See Practical Mechanic and Engineers^ Magazine, May 1844, p. 2.90.) 1844. M. PouiLLET, about the year 1844, invented a chrono- scope, having for its principle the deviation produced by a given battery upon a given galvanometer by various durations of completion of the galvanic circuit. (See Abbe Moigno’s Traitd de Telegraphie Electrique, pp. 132-138 ; also De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. III., pp. 485, 486.) Mr. John Dancer’s electro-metallurgical experiments 1844. were not published till 1844, although they were made about the year 1838. Metallic copper was deposited on sheet copper with a letter D, cut from a printed bill, fastened on to it by varnish. An electro-cast of a stamp on a copper cylinder was also obtained. (See Mechanics^ Magazine, February 3, 1844, pp. 76, 77.) 1845. Schoenbein, in 1845, wrote upon ozone at the request of the British Association. This odorous principle is pro- duced during the action of the electrical machine, mani- fested in thunder-clouds, developed in the electrolysis of water, and appears always to attend electric polarization. (See Report of the British Association for the meeting in 1845, p. 91 ; also De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. IL, pp. 469-480.) Lxxxvi INTRODUCTION : A.D. 1845. M. H EIDER, in 1845, emploj^ed a platinum wire, heated by a voltaic battery, to cauterize the dental nerves. (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. III., p. 687.) 1845. Professor William Thomson, in 1845, showed how the electric polarization is to he taken into account in the Leyden jar. (See Encyclopcedia Britannica, 8th edition, art. Electricity, p. 534.) 1845. Mr. C. V. Walker, in 1845, by means of three Daniell’s cells and a brass anode, electro-deposited brass from a strong solution of cyanide of potassium which had been sequentially electrolysed with a copper and zinc anode. Alloys of gold and copper, or gold and silver, may be electro-deposited by similar means. (See British Associa- tion Report for the meeting in 1845, p. 30.) 1845. Dr. Remak, in 1845, discovered that certain points favourable for the application of electricity to the human body ^^corresponded with the points of entrance of the muscular nerves, and that the degree of contraction of a muscle was proportioned exactly to the number of motory nerve-fibres embraced by the current at its point of application.” (See Dr. Remak’s Ueber Methodische Electrisirung geVahmter Musheln, Berlin, 1845; also The British and Foreign Medico- Chirurgical Review, January 1859, p. 91, et seq.) 1846. Dr. Pring, in 1846, submitted to the Royal Society his process of electro- disruptive etching. The hardest steel is thereby engraved by the disruptive discharges passing between a metal tool and the face of the plate. A galvanic series, in connection with an electro-magnetic coil, is used, the plate being attached to one pole and the tool to the other pole of the arrangement. (See Smee’s Electro- metallurgy, pp- 337, 338.) 1846. M. Cruse LL, of St. Petersburgh, in 1846, ‘^conceived the idea of cutting and cauterizing the tissues, by means of a wire or a thin plate of platinum, rendered incan- descent by a powerful electric current, by making them act after the fashion of a saw, by means of a backward and forward motion.” (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. III., p. 687.) 1846. Mr. Hearder, in 1846, constructed his electro-dynamic coil. By means of this apparatus, in connection with a A.D. ELECTRICITY. Ixxxvii galvanic battery and the condenser of M. Fizeau, sparks can be obtained through an intervening space of air with- out previous contact. (See Noad’s Manual of Electricity, pp. ni, 728.) 1847. Professor William Thomson, in 1847, advanced his singularly beautiful theory of electrical images and reflec- tions. (See Encyclopcedia Britannica, 8th edition, art. Electricity, p, 534,) 1847. Professor Silliman, about the year 1847, successfully copied the iridescent colors of mother-of-pearl by the electro- type process. For this purpose a mould is taken of the shell in fusible metal, and an electro-cast from that mould. (See Smee’s Electro-metallurgy, pp. 281, 282; also Timb’s Year Book of Facts, 1847.) 1847. Werner Siemens, in the summer of 1847, tried suc- cessfully a gutta-percha-covered copper wire on an electric telegraph line of from four to five English miles in length, viz., between Berlin and Gross-Beeren. (See Journal of the Society of Arts, April 23, 1858, p. 350.) 1847. Mr. E. Loomis, in a letter to Mr. Sabine, dated August 2, 1847, proposes to use Morse’s magnetic telegraph,” to determine the difference of longitude between Philadel- phia and Washington. (See Abbe Moigno’s Traite de Tele'graphie Electrique, pp. 124-126.) 1847, Charles V. Walker, F.R.S., in 1847 and 1848, pro- 1848. posed and adopted underground 'wire insulated with gutta percha for electric telegraphs. (See Yv^hitehouse’s pamphlet. The Atlantic Telegraph, p. 4.) 1848. M. Foucault, in 1848, constructed an electric light apparatus, in which the luminous point remains fixed ; to effect this the carbons are moved by clock-work, which is liberated, by the armature of an electro-magnet included in the electric circuit, on the weakening of the electric current. M. Breton’s apparatus is similar to M. Foucault’s, but instead of springs for approximating the carbons, weights and counterpoises are used ; there is also a ratchet wheel and click movement instead of a detent employed to main- tain the separation of the electrodes. In DuBosca’s apparatus the electrodes have a constant tendency to come into contact, the upper one by its weight, the lower by a Ixxxviii INTRODUCTION : AD-.. spiral spring tending to unwind an endless screw ; during the passage of the current the regulating electro-magnet’s lever armature gears into the endless screw and prevents the approach of the electrodes by intervening mechanism, but on the weakening of the current the force of the spring preponderates, moves the lower electrode, and revolves a barrel carrying a cord connected with the upper electrode ; a pulley of variable diameter, which transmits motion to the barrel, enables the comparative motion of the electrodes to he accurately adjusted, the luminous point thus remains fixed under all circumstances. (See De la Rive’s Treatise on Electricity, Vol. II., pp. 326-328, also Vol. IIL, pp. 310-315.) 1848. Dr. Faraday, in 1848, showed that gutta percha has powerful insulating properties. ‘^When rubbed it shows negative electricity.” (See London and Edinburgh Philo- sophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. XXXI I., p. 165 ; also Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry, Vol. I., p. 313.) 1848. Werner Siemens, in 1848, in the bay of Kiel, and in crossing the Rhine at Cologne and other rivers, successfully established subaqueous electric telegraph conductors. (See Journal of the Society of Arts, April 23, 1858, p. 351.) 1848, M. Dubois Reymond, in 1848-9, published his re- 1849. searches in animal electricity. (See British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, January 1854, p. 126.) 3849. Charles V. Walker, F.R.S., on January 10, 1849, made an experiment of submerging a gutta-percha-covered electric conductor in the open sea. He attached two miles of insulated wire, submerged in the sea, to the end of one “ of the wires of the South Eastern Company’s” [tele- graphic?] “ system at Folkestone, and spoke through it to the Directors in London from the deck of the steamer.” (See Whitehouse’s pamphlet. The Atlantic Telegraph, p. 4.) 1849. Werner Siemens, in 1849, observed the electric charge in underground telegraphic line wires. (See Journal of the Society of Arts, April 23, 1858, p. 358.) 1849. Baumgartner, in 1849, made observations which proved the existence of earth currents in telegrai)hic wires. (See Noad’s Manual of Electricity , p. 239.) A.D. 1849. 1850. 1850. 1850. 1851. ELECTRICITY. Ixxxix Mr. W* H. Walenn, in 1849, invented a single-fluid con- stant galvanic battery composed of cast-iron, acid sulphate of iron, and prepared zinc. The zinc plate is coated with lead (from a solution of the acetate), and then amalgamated ; or it may be immersed in a solution containing lead and mercury. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'patentsforinvent1766grea_4', 'collection': 'English-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1859.0', 'title': 'Patents for inventions. Abridgments of specifications relating to electricity and magnetism, their generation and applications', 'creator': 'Great Britain. Patent Office', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7361', 'token_count': '11375', '__index_level_0__': '14027', 'original_id': 'b25a40a1235fa0f01ea91d1768747cc4f90daba5e5018387220ae8e93ff3dd4f'} |
Q:
Ubuntu 13.10 - how can i install package?
How to fix this problem? Everytime i am trying to install/update packages it fails
root@nson:~# sudo apt-get install dconf-editor
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dconf-editor
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 230 not upgraded.
Need to get 99,4 kB of archives.
After this operation, 492 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Err http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy/universe dconf-editor amd64 0.16.1-1
Could not resolve 'be.archive.ubuntu.com'
Failed to fetch http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/d/d-conf/dconf-editor_0.16.1-1_amd64.deb Could not resolve 'be.archive.ubuntu.com'
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
root@nson:~#
root@nson:~# sudo apt-get update
0% [Connecting to be.archive.ubuntu.com] [Connecting to security.ubuntu.com] [Connecting to extras.ubuntu.com]
A:
First Check that did you have an working internet connection.And also select Best server for downloading packages from software and updates.
Then update the repositories and try to install packages,
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install <package name>
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e164d7cd7aecf04e64acff669f55cca6c68af5158947137616e64ab0b513760f'} |
Crossword Puzzle
The Sacrament of Penance/Reconciliation
1. This means finding out our sins. (examinationofconscience)
1. When we go to confession we are confessing not only to the priest but to ......... (jesus)
2. For a worthy confession there are ......... things to remember. (six)
3. This is Jesus' suffering and death on the cross. (thepassion)
4. (tencommandments)
Top Downloads | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.859446108341217}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '12681', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AYG2P64F537AOVOFKWMQQFLU476I3ZAS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2c1f6efd-ead4-4957-917b-eace4ed58964>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 22, 54, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '34.232.118.76', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VZN3M36W7RX3ICRSD4RE4GWYIUPUVXDI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:659ef3d7-5a67-4324-8dd8-21001167ad86>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://edtools.mankindforward.com/crosswords/1282879', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ac0d3751-7241-4de0-842d-973e66eb62ae>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '54', 'url': 'http://edtools.mankindforward.com/crosswords/1282879', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-152-225-239.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6693787574768066', 'original_id': 'c3cba19ae81431b97589cf4681844e3a34b1abf2978a24b1c20590de00d4e3c3'} |
Dear Bytom supporters, here’s the fresh Bytom weekly report, this week (June 12th-June 15th) we had many progresses on Project Development and Community Building.
Project Development
On June 29, the “by Taste of Blockchain” themed Bytom eco-conference (Wuzhen) will come soon. We will invite Bytom ecological partners, core community members and contributors, and technology developers to attend the conference. They will have a fresh perspective to interpret the current blockchain and their opinions to Bytoms. Meet bytom, meet the future, see you in Wuzhen!
On June 10, Duan Xingxing, the founder and CEO of #Bytom was invited to attend the “2018 (20th) China Venture Capital Forum” blockchain theme forum and gave a keynote speech about “Secret of Prosperity: The Culture Gene of Blockchain Industry.”
Community Building
Bytom Global Ambassador Recruitment: https://medium.com/@Bytom_Official/bytom-global-ambassador-recruitment-285d4c57ae3e
#Bytom Airdrop COMING! Check details in following link: https://gateio.io/article/16500
Technical article
Minority Report: https://medium.com/@Bytom_Official/minority-report-bytom-global-developers-recruitment-phase-i-244c86e0e691
Mastering Tensority: https://medium.com/@Bytom_Official/mastering-tensority-96515dfafff6
Bytom Wallet Advanced Transaction: https://medium.com/@Bytom_Official/bytom-wallet-advanced-transaction-701f7f8500a0
Swap progress
By June 15th, Gate.io, OKEx, OKCoin Kr, Coolcoin, Coinegg, CEO, Kucoin, Bepal has done swap. Please check with exchanges and wallets for details.
1. gate.io
Gate.io announced: The world’s first exchange to launch Bytom mainnet and has already supported Bytom mainnet asset. Gate.io supports Bytom mainnet asset and ERC20 asset.Deposit and BTM will swap automatically. For more information, please visit the link: https://gate.io/article/16430
2. OKEx
Currently OKEx has completed Bytom mainnet swap, OKEx supports Bytom mainnet asset now.
3.OKCOIN KR
OKEx South Korea also issued a related announcement. For details, please go to http://t.cn/R30JHqz
4. RightBTC announced that it has completed its BTM mainbet swap on June 6, 2018 (GMT+4). Users do not need to perform any operation and BTM will swap from ERC20 token to mainnet asset. For details，please go to https://www.rightbtc.com/#!/news/detail/249
5.CoinEgg
The deposit/withdrawal for BTM is suspended due to mainnet token swap. All ERC20-based BTM tokens will switch to mainnet tokens. Please DO NOT make any deposit/withdrawal during the suspension.
Note: 1Since NEW BTM addresses are generated, the old BTM addresses has been discarded. The deposit to old address will be irretrievable. Please deposit with NEW addresses. 2. After Bytom mainnet swap, a new BTM deposit address is generated. Please be sure to check whether the address is correct when depositing. See details: https://www.coinegg.im/gonggao/709.html
6.CEO: Concerning the CEO Exchange, its (BTM) Main Network Asset Exchange Completion Notice:
CEO Exchange（Hong Kong）has completed (BTM) mainnet assets swap .Bytom assets of the users have not changed and they have been converted to mainnet assets. The official decision was to open the transfer business at 2018–06–11 15:00.
Please note that CEO only supports the BTM mainnet asset deposit and withdraw. You can only deposit to the address which start with “bm”，or you will lose your ERC20 token. When transferring, please remember to check address!
Details link: https://ceo.bi/i/blog_c_372.jsp
7.Kucoin
KuCoin released an announcement to support BTM mainnet swap:. We will automatically complete mainnet swap for users, and the specific plan will be announced separately.
8. BIBOX
Bibox will soon support Bytom mainnet and deposit and withdrawal of Bytom mainnet assets. Bibox users can swap Bytom without any operation. Users holding BTM outside the Bibox platform could deposit to Bibox for Bytom swap.
9. Bepal
Bepal Light Wallet support Bytom mainnet ecology now.
Note: Bepal supportd mainnet asset deposit and withdraw function. It does not support swap from ERC20 token to mainnet asset. Users need to withdraw ERC20 token to exchanges that support swap. For details, please consult Bepal customer service phone: 4008500585
10.imToken
imToken 2.0 is currently under development and is expected to begin development of Bytom mainnet asset interface after completion . The opening time of swap interface is determined by the progress of the imToken development team and is expected to be announced next week to support Bytom mainnet asset.
11. Bitpie
Bitpie supports Bytom (BTM)mainnet update and token migration announcement: Bitpie and Bytom have announced full-scale ecological cooperation and the two sides will cooperate in depth in various aspects.
Bitpie announced that it will support Bytom (BTM)mainnet update and token migration ，uses can deposit erc20 token to Bitpie and can swap in June 15th（Hong Kong）.As for those who deposit after June 15th，Bitpie will swap every week.
More progress
Huobi, Huobi KR, ZB, CEX, Cryptopia, Lbank, Bitpie, Myetherwallet, Kcash, Cobo, Coldlar, Bixin, Hufu, Coinex, Bigone, GDEX, OEX, COINTIGER, KEX, ccx.ph teams are under developing. As for the schedule, please wait for further announcement or consult relevant official accounts.
E xchange
FCoin Open BTM trading pair: FCoin has now opened up BTM/USDT trading market at 16:00 on June 11, 2018 in the FCoin Innovation Zone. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '726ea9fc7093e2845c9a32464900efc07cf50fa4083588202129aed569ec4bb3'} |
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
from alipay.aop.api.constant.ParamConstants import *
class AlipayFundTransAacollectPayorderCreateModel(object):
def __init__(self):
self._batch_no = None
self._batch_token = None
self._ext_param = None
self._pay_amount = None
self._payer_user_id = None
self._source = None
@property
def batch_no(self):
return self._batch_no
@batch_no.setter
def batch_no(self, value):
self._batch_no = value
@property
def batch_token(self):
return self._batch_token
@batch_token.setter
def batch_token(self, value):
self._batch_token = value
@property
def ext_param(self):
return self._ext_param
@ext_param.setter
def ext_param(self, value):
self._ext_param = value
@property
def pay_amount(self):
return self._pay_amount
@pay_amount.setter
def pay_amount(self, value):
self._pay_amount = value
@property
def payer_user_id(self):
return self._payer_user_id
@payer_user_id.setter
def payer_user_id(self, value):
self._payer_user_id = value
@property
def source(self):
return self._source
@source.setter
def source(self, value):
self._source = value
def to_alipay_dict(self):
params = dict()
if self.batch_no:
if hasattr(self.batch_no, 'to_alipay_dict'):
params['batch_no'] = self.batch_no.to_alipay_dict()
else:
params['batch_no'] = self.batch_no
if self.batch_token:
if hasattr(self.batch_token, 'to_alipay_dict'):
params['batch_token'] = self.batch_token.to_alipay_dict()
else:
params['batch_token'] = self.batch_token
if self.ext_param:
if hasattr(self.ext_param, 'to_alipay_dict'):
params['ext_param'] = self.ext_param.to_alipay_dict()
else:
params['ext_param'] = self.ext_param
if self.pay_amount:
if hasattr(self.pay_amount, 'to_alipay_dict'):
params['pay_amount'] = self.pay_amount.to_alipay_dict()
else:
params['pay_amount'] = self.pay_amount
if self.payer_user_id:
if hasattr(self.payer_user_id, 'to_alipay_dict'):
params['payer_user_id'] = self.payer_user_id.to_alipay_dict()
else:
params['payer_user_id'] = self.payer_user_id
if self.source:
if hasattr(self.source, 'to_alipay_dict'):
params['source'] = self.source.to_alipay_dict()
else:
params['source'] = self.source
return params
@staticmethod
def from_alipay_dict(d):
if not d:
return None
o = AlipayFundTransAacollectPayorderCreateModel()
if 'batch_no' in d:
o.batch_no = d['batch_no']
if 'batch_token' in d:
o.batch_token = d['batch_token']
if 'ext_param' in d:
o.ext_param = d['ext_param']
if 'pay_amount' in d:
o.pay_amount = d['pay_amount']
if 'payer_user_id' in d:
o.payer_user_id = d['payer_user_id']
if 'source' in d:
o.source = d['source']
return o
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e33d39e3292aa7f4ded1167f164b50dce2a593ed8c9205867b86f39d18a36f1f'} |
Saturday, July 4, 2015
James Salter / The Hunters / Extract
by James Salter
It was almost noon when they crossed the Korean coast. Cleve stared anxiously at it, drifting past beneath the wing. He knew a moment of acute fulfillment, for here he would make a valedictory befitting his years. He had come along way for it, and much was still ahead; but already he could feel self-imposed obligations, his burden of pride, diminishing, actually leaving him. He began to experience something of the exhilaration that came with triumph. In this war, he was more certain than ever, he would attain himself, as men do who venture past all that is known.
He looked about the cabin. Everyone was leaning toward the nearest window to see the land below, which lay calm as wreckage in the clear winter air. Not much could be distinguished to show where the war had been. Smooth fields of snow mottled everything, and the rivers were as pronounced as veins, but he did not think of an ancient mother of men. His eye was the flyer's. He saw the hostile mountains, the absence of good landmarks, and the few places flat enough to land in an emergency.
They had fought down there, on foot, taking weeks to move the distance he went in an hour. He was arriving like a tourist, in comfort. He felt the detachment of a specialist, and the importance. His gaze moved for a while to the heavy wing and the out-board nacelle, which was the only one he could see. A broad slick of oil, black and gleaming, was spread back from the cowling. He went back to staring moodily at the land.
Within an hour they had landed at Seoul. It was a blue, bitter February afternoon. Cleve stepped off the plane onto Korean ground frozen as hard as plaster. A sharp wind was keening across the flats. It stung his cheeks and made the rims of his ears ache. It came with the sharpness of steel into his lungs when he breathed. His eyes watered.
He followed along in the string of debarking passengers. They walked across a bare expanse of earth toward buildings near which were mounds of baggage, barracks bags, and groups of waiting men huddled in their overcoats. He walked past them and into the biggest hut. Inside it was crowded, too, and almost as cold. Men were clustered about the two oil stoves, warming their hands. Cleve hesitated, then began pushing through them with difficulty toward a counter he could see at the far end of the room. There he inquired, as soon as he had an opportunity to, about going onto Kimpo. He had no idea how long an additional trip it might be.
'I'll find out for you, Captain,' the corporal said, turning away. 'Hey, how do you get from here to Kimpo?'
'To where?'
'There's a bus that goes there.'
'When does it run?'
'How should I know? Look at the schedule.'
'Where's the schedule?'
'Oh, Christ.' The other man walked over with an expression of disgust on his face. He was a sergeant. He leafed through a foliage of paper tacked on the wall and quickly located the schedule. He ran a finger down its columns.
'The next one is due to leave here in,' he looked at his watch, 'thirty-five minutes.' He turned to Cleve. 'Are you the one who's going to Kimpo, Captain?'
'That's right.'
'You can catch it just outside, on the road?'
Cleve sat down on one of the benches near the counter to begin an uncomfortable wait. He had meant to ask how long a ride it would be, but he suddenly felt it did not make any difference. He listened to pieces of conversation. Everybody seemed to be on the way back to Japan. In Japan, everybody had been going back to the States. He was moving alone against this tide. It was always that way, he reflected, the feeling of arriving late, after everything was over.
No comments:
Post a Comment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9905886650085448}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '462017', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OLHAFAXDJAR7PHSAOWE4AZUI3QDFZ2IT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7f3d3cf0-0a44-4061-bb65-256e869e235c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 18, 7, 22, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.13.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XH4VKNWZGESHHQW6ORGDEDWLZ3KNAPBM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b39b35e6-9a68-4919-b5c7-a8ea104eb094>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://losarciniegas.blogspot.com/2015/07/james-salter-hunters-extract.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7ce0bdad-b565-46d9-ac56-636ed2554f73>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '668', 'url': 'http://losarciniegas.blogspot.com/2015/07/james-salter-hunters-extract.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-186-84-172.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03343045711517334', 'original_id': '9f69898fd11d2f67b422134ac448d38f24c89ed60d4386f257ac6df639f6b4bd'} |
World Class Surfing at Corona Open JBay
Jeffreys Bay – after a short wait at the contest site for the swell to build, the second day of the Corona Open JBay contest kicked off at 11am with the final three heats of the Women’s seeding round.
In beautiful pristine conditions it was Paige Hareb (NZ) who won the first heat with Courtney Conlogue (USA) in second and Brissa Hennesy from Costa Rica going into eliminations.
Lakey Peterson (USA) won the next heat and advanced along with Malia Manuel (HAW), with Keely Andrews from Australia going to elims. In the final heat, Caroline Marks (USA) went to town on her backhand to secure the first place, with Tatiana Weston-Webb from Brazil in second and Silvana Lima (BRA) going into eliminations.
In the first of the men’s eliminations the waves were still firing, but it was so inconsistent and not many waves came through during the heat.
Jack Freestone dominated from the start with a run of excellent rides, and Ryan Callinan was just behind, with wildcard Beyrick De Vries struggling to find a backup wave.
Freestone was on fire and if he stuck his huge forehand air rotation it would have been the move of the event thus far, but he dug in on the landing and floundered. Still, no shame, as he won the heat with relative ease despite a last-minute flurry between Callinan and De Vries.
A later heat saw Jeremy Flores take victory from Frederico Morais, while Jesse Mendes from Brazil was eliminated from the event. The final elimination heat was an all-Brazilian affair, with three of the members of The Storm coming up against each other.
There was no teamwork out there, but the waves were still delivering and there were some perfect speed-runs and some big hits. At the siren it was Peterson Crisanto who took the win from Willian ‘The Panda’ Cardosa, and it was Jadson Andre who failed to advance and went off to pack his bags.
The Corona Open JBay has a waiting period until the 22 July.
Article continues below...
true technologies jeffreys bay internet
Corona Open JBay Women’s Remaining Seeding Round (Round 1) Results:
Heat 4: Paige Hareb (NZL) 12.33 DEF. Courtney Conlogue (USA) 10.33, Brisa Hennessy (CRI) 7.50
Heat 5: Lakey Peterson (USA) 13.43 DEF. Malia Manuel (HAW) 11.90, Keely Andrew (AUS) 9.67
Heat 6: Caroline Marks (USA) 14.03 DEF. Tatiana Weston-Webb (BRA) 12.37, Silvana Lima (BRA) 11.37
Corona Open JBay Women’s Elimination Round 2 Results:
Heat 1: Brisa Hennessy (CRI) 11.50 DEF. Macy Callaghan (AUS) 10.54, Bianca Buitendag (ZAF) 10.30
Heat 2: Silvana Lima (BRA) 14.56 DEF. Keely Andrew (AUS) 14.40, Sage Erickson (USA) 13.34
Corona Open JBay Women’s Round of 16 Matchups:
Heat 1: Stephanie Gilmore (AUS) vs. Silvana Lima (BRA)
Heat 2: Caroline Marks (USA) vs. Paige Hareb (NZL)
Heat 3: Carissa Moore (HAW) vs. Keely Andrew (AUS)
Heat 4: Tatiana Weston-Webb (BRA) vs. Johanne Defay (FRA)
Heat 5: Sally Fitzgibbons (AUS) vs. Macy Callaghan (AUS)
Heat 6: Malia Manuel (HAW) vs. Brisa Hennessy (CRI)
Corona Open JBay Men’s Elimination Round 2 Results:
Heat 1: Jack Freestone (AUS) 15.93 DEF. Ryan Callinan (AUS) 11.40, Beyrick De Vries (ZAF) 11.14
Heat 2: Seth Moniz (HAW) 14.27 DEF. Adrian Buchan (AUS) 12.03, Jorgann Couzinet (FRA) 11.73
Heat 3: Jeremy Flores (FRA) 15.84 DEF. Frederico Morais (PRT) 13.23, Jesse Mendes (BRA) 11.83
Heat 4: Peterson Crisanto (BRA) 13.07 DEF. Willian Cardoso (BRA) 12.20, Jadson Andre (BRA) 11.86
Corona Open JBay Men’s Round of 32 Matchups:
Heat 1: Jordy Smith (ZAF) vs. Soli Bailey (AUS)
Heat 2: Owen Wright (AUS) vs. Joan Duru (FRA)
Heat 3: Gabriel Medina (BRA) vs. Griffin Colapinto (USA)
Heat 4: Ryan Callinan (AUS) vs. Yago Dora (BRA)
Heat 5: Kolohe Andino (USA) vs. Adriano de Souza (BRA)
Heat 6: Jeremy Flores (FRA) vs. Deivid Silva (BRA)
Heat 7: Julian Wilson (AUS) vs. Ezekiel Lau (HAW)
Heat 8: Conner Coffin (USA) vs. Adrian Buchan (AUS)
Heat 9: Filipe Toledo (BRA) vs. Michael February (ZAF)
Heat 10: Michael Rodrigues (BRA) vs. Willian Cardoso (BRA)
Heat 11: Wade Carmichael (AUS) vs. Sebastian Zietz (HAW)
Heat 12: Michel Bourez (FRA) vs. Ricardo Christie (NZL)
Heat 13: Kanoa Igarashi (JPN) vs. Frederico Morais (PRT)
Heat 15: Kelly Slater (USA) vs. Caio Ibelli (BRA)
Heat 16: Italo Ferreira (BRA) vs. Jack Freestone (AUS)
Related Posts | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '15', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8658206462860107}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '76172', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:25P7HUBIQLYU3WCULLODSS27HPAZY75G', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a4b52958-f55e-4873-a338-db2c149a4c9e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 17, 22, 12, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.169.132', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XU2SFOKMJXXQA7YHWEO24ZV2XSYWV2IB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:048df328-2578-423c-a3bf-ccd90ff8b035>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.jbaynews.com/2019-07-11/world-class-surfing-at-corona-open-jbay', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3a49a82f-d2ad-4499-9126-c5e28a88dde0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '667', 'url': 'https://www.jbaynews.com/2019-07-11/world-class-surfing-at-corona-open-jbay', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-172.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03451871871948242', 'original_id': '7e87fee5223eeda505fa10331d0a037b368b0aa5981cb70a04fc4e7a5be66ceb'} |
The military played a crucial role in the exploration and settlement of the Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area region. Expeditions to explore the territory, including Lewis & Clark in 1804-1806 and Pike in 1806-1807, were military expeditions. The military set up posts, Fort Osage in 1808 and Fort Leavenworth in 1827 first among them, to maintain order in the outer U.S. boundaries. As pioneers moved westward through Kansas on the historic trails, so did the military.
As Kansas opened for settlement and tensions flared into the Missouri-Kansas Border War and Civil War, the military again played a big role in the Freedom's Frontier region.
Visit the following locations to learn more about the military in Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area.
Historic Locations:
National Park ServiceVisit MissouriKansas Department of CommerceSEK
Web Development by Imagemakers Inc.
Are you sure you want to delete this?
Yes Cancel | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9250888824462892}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '32936', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:B7GUVUA6NJPNR35V4RGB3ALBYXYNZA4G', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:393c4b7e-78ab-4b54-a438-fbec2f5e4985>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 22, 40, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '139.146.149.210', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GLTRUT533FCYF65LD3GAIYN7CLUYYDPG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c681c378-3209-45c9-a88d-b36325b7f6b1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.freedomsfrontier.org/Visitors/Stories/Default.aspx?id=4', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ac0d3751-7241-4de0-842d-973e66eb62ae>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '144', 'url': 'http://www.freedomsfrontier.org/Visitors/Stories/Default.aspx?id=4', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-152-225-239.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06549656391143799', 'original_id': '2334b991b05fce55f5a730eb441c952698d863eaf2e5acec7b8c7e92dd19e910'} |
Sowing the Seed for Fresh Ag Policy
Tuesday
Jan 15, 2013 at 1:38 PMJan 15, 2013 at 1:42 PM
Last year’s attempt at a new five-year farm bill to replace the expiring policy was uprooted when the clock ran out. While I was pleased with the Senate-passed legislation, it never made its way to the President’s desk. The result was a last-minute extension of the current policy enacted in 2008 for yet another year.
Senator Mike Johanns
Last year’s attempt at a new five-year farm bill to replace the expiring policy was uprooted when the clock ran out. While I was pleased with the Senate-passed legislation, it never made its way to the President’s desk. The result was a last-minute extension of the current policy enacted in 2008 for yet another year.
While this development was far from ideal, the alternative—reverting to policy from the 1940s—was a much worse option for farmers, ranchers and consumers. The archaic policy would have been difficult for the Department of Agriculture to implement, and could have impacted producers’ planting decisions and grocery store prices.
The one-year extension has no impact on the existing crop insurance program, which is quickly becoming farmers’ favorite method of managing risks. It also authorizes disaster assistance for livestock producers, which expired in the last quarter of 2011, and protects consumers from volatile prices for milk and essential foods that would have been triggered by the 1940s ag policy.
Now, Congress must refocus its efforts, building upon momentum generated last year to finally pass a five-year reform-minded farm bill that provides for better risk management and improved trade opportunities while at the same time, reducing the deficit. We did this in the Senate last year, and I am optimistic we can do it again in 2013.
Legislation last year would have saved between $23 and $35 billion. The Senate-passed version achieved this by ending direct and countercyclical payments, simplifying and streamlining conservation programs, trimming nutrition spending and curbing fraud and waste. It also increased emphasis on the crop insurance program, which has proven to be a better use of tax dollars than the historic, costly ad hoc disaster assistance packages for farmers faced with weather-damaged crops.
The Senate passed a strong farm bill with an encouraging demonstration of bipartisan commitment to improve outdated policy and save taxpayer dollars. This is, at the very least, a strong foundation to resume talks for a new, reform-minded and fiscally responsible five-year farm bill this year.
While momentum is on our side, we cannot let any grass grow under our feet. The sooner we start, the quicker we can move forward with a final bill.
Chairwoman Stabenow and Chairman Lucas of the Senate and House Ag Committees have indicated they are making this a priority in 2013. I am optimistic that all of this can get done in a way that serves our farmers well and saves the taxpayer’s money.
America’s farmers and ranchers feed and fuel the world. They continue to be a bright spot in an anemic economy, and it is important that we give them the certainty they need through up-to-date ag policy. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '064ab60ac4b7f1c34f6ac803d2f2e59409ef91eb7621a18209b8ee4c85b9d3ee'} |
FREE e-Newsletter
Important News - Hot Topics
Get them Now!
Sponsored by G-Shock
When seconds count…
Law enforcement professionals rely on their minds, their training, their gear and a reliable timepiece
March 22, 2018 |
There was a time when police departments handed officers a gun, a badge and the keys to a squad car and considered them fit for duty. But ask any police officer now, and they’ll likely tell you law enforcement isn’t so easy in today’s complicated world. “The job can be rough, and the hours can be long; and as 30-year law enforcement veteran, Lt. Patrick Martin, says, “There aren’t always a lot of thankyous that come with it.”
In this demanding environment, law enforcement officers need more than three things to survive notes Martin, director of training for corrections and specialized law enforcement at Milwaukee Area Technical College. Officers also require regular training and reliable gear.
During Martin’s tenure at the Greenfield Police Department, which is nestled in a suburb of Milwaukee--an area that holds the distinction as being one of the most violent city’s in the nation, he handled everything from patrol stops to domestic situations to homicides. He also worked at all levels in the department, from patrol officer to detective to motorcycle officer to SWAT team leader.
He acquired many skills along the way, but one thing he learned was that regular training is the key to a successful outcome, especially in SWAT callouts. “We were successful because we trained. We prepared, we gathered intel, we planned, and we trained. And, we trained hard,” he says. He adds, “I know officers who have died because of a lack of training. I also know officers who have lived because of training.”
But training has changed a bit in the last three decades, he adds. Though most citizens think very highly of those here to protect and serve, there are also those who express a growing mistrust in police. This fact, and escalating violence across the country, has led to changes in the way officers train, and in the gear, they require.
He explains officers once were taught to hold the perimeter till SWAT teams arrived, but now departments expect single officers to run into dangerous situations. Departments once trained for events involving a single suspect, but many now train for situations involving multiple attackers. While training in hard skills like defensive tactics, firearms, and less-lethal maneuvers has always existed, departments now supplement this education with training in soft skills like communication, ethical decision making and mediation.
And, all are important, stresses Martin.
“We must continually ask ourselves how we can make training better,” he says. “Realism in training is important. Officers are not out there just doing a job, they must be able to communicate with people, and be able to adapt. We expect a lot more of officers than we used to, they are not just driving around in a car taking calls, they are talking to community groups, handling crowds and working foot patrol to bicycle patrol to motorcycle patrol. There is a lot put on them and they need to train for it.”
As these changes have occurred, Martin stresses equipment needs have also evolved. Departments now supply officers with bullet-resistant vests, body cams, Tasers, patrol rifles, plate carriers, bullet-resistant helmets, and even medical supplies.
With these changes, a few questions arise as officers consider the gear they carry, says Martin. He notes officers should be asking a few key questions before adding any gear, from a gun to a timepiece.
1. Is it necessary? In other words, is it more than just something that is cool to have? Officers are adding more and more gear to their duty belts, their uniforms and on their bodies, they must determine what is or isn’t necessary, Martin says.
2. Does it work? In other words, does it do what it is intended to do? Will it work, even if you haven’t touched it in months? Will it work even if its sits in your pocket or, in the case of a timepiece, on your arm? Will it be ready to use when you are? Is it easy to use?
3. Does it offer the features you really need? How will this equipment enhance your ability to do your job?
4. Can it withstand the rigors of law enforcement? “If you work in Florida, will it stand up to the heat and humidity? If you work in a coastal community, does it stand up to the salt? If you work in Wisconsin, can it withstand snow and rain? Will it work if you are on a horse or riding a motorcycle or in a boat?” Martin asks. “It has to work in all of these situations.”
The G-Shock GG1000-1A5 timepiece rises to the task in all areas. Casio realizes that every officer requires a dependable timepiece, and the G-Shock GG1000-1A5 is that timepiece. This top-of-the-line watch, the latest edition to the company’s Mudmaster series, is the ultimate in tough, durability and reliability, and it meets all of Martin’s recommended equipment requirements.
Is it necessary? Timekeeping is a critical aspect of the job. Officers use a timepiece to note everything from the time of a traffic stop to the time it took to complete a required training task. Timepieces are used to check how long an officer’s partner has been gone or how long it took a suspect to answer the door.
Does it work? The G-Shock GG1000-1A5 timepiece features a mud-resistant and 200M water-resistant construction to keep it ticking in the harshest of weather, from the side of the road to the tactical shoot house. Its construction keeps water and mud out while maintaining the timepiece’s functionality. It has been designed with multiple gaskets on the pipes, which guide its buttons and shafts to keep rain, water, mud, and sludge from damaging its insides.
Does it offer the features you need? The G-Shock GG1000-1A5 timepiece is designed with the law enforcement officer in mind. It has a digital compass to help them navigate new locations, five daily alarms to get them where they need to be on time, a stopwatch to time drills, a thermometer to note temperature and 31 time zones. The timepiece even has oversized, non-slip buttons with a checkered finish for non-slip operation, allowing officers to operate the watch even while wearing gloves.
Its large watch face comes in handy in low-lit areas. Seeing the G-Shock GG1000-1A5 timepiece in the dark is made easy with a face that is illuminated by a Super Illuminator for optimum brightness, an auto-LED light and large Arabian numerals at 12, 3, 6 and 9 o’clock.
Can it withstand the rigors of law enforcement? Casio realizes that when duty gets tough, officers expect their timepiece to get tougher. The G-Shock GG1000-1A5 timepiece meets these demands with a hollow-structured case, all-directional coating and cushioning material to provide shock resistance. Whether firing weapons at the range, crawling through the gravel in a shoot house or using a ram to gain entry during a SWAT call, this watch will hold up.
Though the first four attributes are most important, Casio also understands that officers want their equipment to look nice. For this reason, the G-Shock GG1000-1A5 timepiece offers more than just functionality and durability, it also makes a statement with a sleek professional design. The timepiece has a tactical, sporty look with a band that resembles the texture of a cloth band and commanding hour and minute hands shaped with points to resemble warning markers.
In a world where seconds count, officers cannot afford for their timepiece to fail. Casio has worked to ensure its G-Shock GG1000-1A5 timepiece answers “yes” to all of Martin’s questions for gear. Yes, it is necessary. Yes, it works. Yes, it offers the features officers really need. And yes, it can withstand the rigors of law enforcement.
Other Recent Stories
Hurricane Response: Weathering the Storm
Police Supporters
Flying Cross: External Carrier Compatible Outerwear
Police Magazine | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '18', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9625756740570068}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '82993', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ORCBPQNDB4Y57I2M7USU244PFYHIH6H3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2568e574-3179-48a1-8068-46a5dab8839c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 22, 37, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.27.155.26', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RNLTIAN44ARQAHMX6HF7TCBNKB2PXJWC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a8d43cee-742a-4dce-a297-0681eede0116>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.policemag.com/channel/patrol/articles/2018/03/when-seconds-count.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8353cce6-249a-4057-b7c8-017ed8c2e896>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1367', 'url': 'http://www.policemag.com/channel/patrol/articles/2018/03/when-seconds-count.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-234-169.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0230904221534729', 'original_id': 'ed4c63d2ca83704cf6653b986754e688e94ece76e4fcc27209f2da01280e76c4'} |
Intercourse with Life
A crucial message to some burning questions in a short ebook.
Isn’t there something I can do or someone I can believe, to get my life off the rocks?
You’ve wondered why progress in your life has crunched to a halt.
You ponder why you are here? What is the purpose?
You have found nothing, you are clueless and you are lost.
You need intercourse with Life urgently!
Yeah, you read correctly.
Otherwise, your ability to succeed is given to chance.
And, be ready, because Life’s responsiveness exceeds an accelerator pedal of a Porsche, – or, the questions keep on mounting.
You teeter on despair and depression. Neglect and decline are in tow.
You have followed some ideas and you are still here, – looking.
Hope was a disappointing experience.
You have relied on yourself and when that didn’t produce the desired results, relied on others.
By now you excel in blaming anything.
Radical changes have made no difference.
You are stuck.
Slipping, falling, crashing, hurting, crying, bending, breaking.
It all sounds so familiar.
Despite whatever we do, one phenomenon is always present.
Yes, Life!
I am not talking about God, angels, spirits etc.
Life with a capital ‘L.’
A constant companion and the only trustworthy guidance system that is free and ready for our use.
Noninvasive. Unpretentious. Supra knowledgeable. Ready for intercourse with you in a flash.
Life says, your shadow might be invincible, but you can move with the light.
A call to act.
Have intercourse with Life!
A companion that you never knew existed alongside.
Life needs Life.
You are here. Nobody to ask. You want to be there. Nothing changes. Why?
Well, – no intercourse with Life!
Life, a phenomenon that is always ready and with us.
The oracle we have been searching for. It knows all the answers. Ask it.
Life, what do you suggest now? …and watch your life unfold.
You can read more about ‘Intercourse with Life,’ for a nominal amount, on Amazon. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9109179973602296}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '62135', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GE5KWGI4WRIWFDJR2QUJY3X7NSL2EL3Y', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4ece39d6-48e3-46ba-bbcb-3b7cd73dd550>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 16, 13, 37, 26), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:B4RAJVCP3KVTR5WRU5LXDNVK4PPHGMRY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f9b65dfa-98c3-4c96-b2cc-fe14b018e842>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://nothing-clueless-lost.com/2016/11/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:31400e2c-888d-421b-b61b-a1503b0e800a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '328', 'url': 'https://nothing-clueless-lost.com/2016/11/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-128.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05855017900466919', 'original_id': '591fdf0503ea768f2480b97ded990b521800fee09d98d4f9d0a1945eebe035e7'} |
Cruise Holidays of Marlboro
online@cruiseholidaysnj.com | (800) 284-2784
The British capital is alive and well and culturally more vibrant than it has been in years.
The sounds of Brit-pop and techno pour out of Victorian pubs, experimental theater is popping up on stages built for Shakespeare's plays, upstart chefs are reinventing the bland dishes British mums have made for generations, and Brits are even running the couture houses of Dior and Givenchy. In food, fashion, film, music, and just about everything else, London now stands at the cutting edge, just as it did in the 1960s.
If this sea of change worries you more than it appeals to you, rest assured that traditional London still exists, essentially intact under the veneer of hip. From high tea almost anywhere to the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace, the city still abounds with the tradition and charm of days gone by.
Discovering London and making it your own can be a bit of a challenge, especially if you have limited time. Even in the 18th century, Daniel Defoe found London "stretched out in buildings, straggling, confused, out of all shape, uncompact and unequal; neither long nor broad, round nor square." The actual City of London proper is 1 sq. mile of very expensive real estate around the Bank of England. All of the gargantuan rest of the city is made up of separate villages, boroughs, and corporations -- each with its own mayor and administration. Together, however, they add up to a mammoth metropolis.
Luckily, whether you're looking for Dickens's house or hot designer Vivienne Westwood's flagship store, only the heart of London's huge territory need concern you. The core of London is one of the most fascinating places on earth. With every step, you'll feel the tremendous influence this city exerted over global culture back when it was the capital of an empire on which the sun never set.
London is a mass of contradictions. On the one hand, it's a decidedly royal city, studded with palaces, court gardens, coats of arms, and other regal paraphernalia, yet it's also the home of the world's second-oldest parliamentary democracy (Iceland was the first).
Today London has grown less English and more international. The gent with the bowler hat is long gone; today's Londoner might have a turban, a Mohawk, or even a baseball cap. It's becoming easier to find a café au lait and a croissant than a scone and a cup of tea. The city is home to thousands of immigrants and refugees, both rich and poor, from all reaches of the world.
Royal Caribbean Quantum of the Seas | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.932383358478546}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42592', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HRNJCW7MVWQFY7Q5OIPO2FAWYH45O557', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d0252aed-3d78-4351-86e1-0ed34c333a72>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 0, 22, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.87.2.234', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KYAUY4VF6SKRUFN3ZYKS4NOOAYV3NCZR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:72aa4aba-4e6e-4bbc-802a-7b06124b73eb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.cruiseholidaysnj.com/destinations/europe/london-england.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2c07c904-bbf0-4feb-a7b5-df5d90879011>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '433', 'url': 'http://www.cruiseholidaysnj.com/destinations/europe/london-england.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10474979877471924', 'original_id': 'bf9b847c088ed35650178f9bb33a08bbc174fe954b0e96d71534f8839d26c2f1'} |
40-39, 20-22 away
33-47, 22-24 home
Scoring Summary
1stReyes hit sacrifice fly to left, Rosario scored.10
2ndReyes singled to left, Candelario scored and Schoop scored, Reyes to second, Torkelson thrown out at third.12
2ndGreene doubled to right, Reyes scored.13
2ndCabrera singled to right, Greene scored on error, Cabrera to second, Grossman to second, Grossman safe at third on throwing error by right fielder Kwan.14
4thMiller singled to right, Reyes scored, Miller to second.24
4thHaase homered to right (370 feet), Cabrera scored.26
5thGreene doubled to deep left, Reyes scored and Candelario scored.28
6thCandelario walked, Cabrera scored, Schoop to second, Haase to third.29
6thTorkelson grounded into fielder's choice to shortstop, Haase scored, Candelario out at second, Schoop to third.210
6thReyes singled to left center, Schoop scored, Torkelson to second.211
8thMiller singled to right center, Clement scored, Mercado to third.311
9thRosario hit sacrifice fly to right, Maile scored.411 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8557867407798767}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '497293', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PWRD4MECIBZ5YVCQXMSQDOEMTFDM7TLS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8c99909c-9c88-4eff-a023-a0ecd34c7b65>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 8, 49, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '13.32.151.110', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:D7UNIJAK4FEJOA5X43574QTIVM2KS3W3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b63846e5-96ff-4285-89f5-7e84b10ef9b6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.espn.com.sg/mlb/game/_/gameId/401355438', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3c08e389-ffe0-4987-af3f-e6b42922bdf0>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '147', 'url': 'https://www.espn.com.sg/mlb/game/_/gameId/401355438', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-146\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.022988498210906982', 'original_id': 'ddda0a41ac1d56fbb5aaa5e5f21028117bfa0fdaef4e7949eb7d271d0bb88a51'} |
As delivered
I think of Dr Ayman, a Doctor from Aleppo, who watched his wife and three year-old daughter drown in the Mediterranean when a smugglers' boat collapsed packed with hundreds of people. He could tell you what it is like to try to keep your loved ones safe in a warzone, only to lose them in a desperate bid for safety after all other options have failed.
Here, all countries and all people are equal - from the smallest and most broken member states to the free and powerful.
The purpose of the UN is to prevent and end conflict:
We are failing to do this in Syria.
Responsibility for the conflict lies with the warring parties inside Syria.
But the crisis is made worse by division and indecision within the international community - preventing the Security Council from fulfilling its responsibilities.
In 2011, the Syrian refugees I met were full of hope. They said "please, tell people what is happening to us", trusting that the truth alone would guarantee international action.
When I returned, hope was turning into anger: the anger of the man who held his baby up to me, asking "is this a terrorist? Is my son a terrorist?"
On my last visit in February, anger had subsided into resignation, misery and the bitter question "why are we, the Syrian people, not worth saving?"
International humanitarian law prohibits torture, starvation, the targeting of schools and hospitals - but these crimes are happening every day in Syria.
The Security Council has powers to address these threats to international peace and security - but those powers lie unused.
The UN has adopted the Responsibility to Protect concept, saying that when a State cannot protect its people the international community will not stand by - but we are standing by, in Syria.
The problem is not lack of information - we know in excruciating detail what is happening in Yarmouk, in Aleppo and in Homs.
The problem is lack of political will.
But all of this good is undermined by the message being sent in Syria: that laws can be flouted - chemical weapons can be used, hospitals can be bombed, aid can be withheld and civilians starved - with impunity.
The first is an appeal for unity.
Second, I echo what has been said about supporting Syria's neighbors, who are making an extraordinary contribution.
52 million people are forcibly displaced today - a sea of excluded humanity.
Thank you. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '562', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9629282355308532}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '39440', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JSI2UWXOEKUWIZY7ON2IB6E6GQENXYFV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b5cec824-1c81-4e21-bfdb-b07541560ad2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 21, 9, 3, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '146.247.14.139', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XICP3BWRFP26S6ZU47UWFVA37KTTJCYQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9fd5732a-7648-4a58-8490-470f8c610eb1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.unhcr.org/uk/admin/specialenvoy/553a459d6/united-nations-security-council-7433rd-meeting-open-briefing-humanitarian.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f72b53a5-5a69-4768-abf7-d8b139ef86e4>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '1149', 'url': 'http://www.unhcr.org/uk/admin/specialenvoy/553a459d6/united-nations-security-council-7433rd-meeting-open-briefing-humanitarian.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-178-166-219.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03518390655517578', 'original_id': 'c4d3deeae29fbde8d1e665ccf3ccda473a2fd91572d634145eff9e940c546b0c'} |
topblog Ivoire blogs
Raphael's religious and mystical spiritual experience
3 Sistine Madonna and Transfiguration of Christ - . Lesser our suffering Lord
Appreciation many paintings by Raphael think too happy. His ratio of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo , very young inner conflict is solved , so rarely reveal that superhuman strength to promote the great soul. His paintings fine arts clever technology , but not as deep feelings or beliefs .
His response to the Pope needs , but also to discuss the pope joy , the joy of swinging between Notre Dame and his mistress , to reconcile the pagan and Christian beliefs, he did not delve into the mystery of life and sense of conflict or beliefs , as long as the passion of his life and joy, beauty of creation and ownership, loyalty to friends and lovers . He gives us tranquility , not to ask questions, not to manufacture doubt , do not create fear , he will not be a conflict between sense and sensibility , or contradiction between body and soul , he sees all opposition coordination. His art will all idealistic , religious , women, music , philosophy , history, and even war , his own life too well -being.
This comment is absolutely right to do ?
Late Raphael paintings reveal a little different from the past style clues.
One is his Sistine Virgin ( painting in the Sistine II Pope named ) . Unlike past Notre Dame Sistine Madonna grandchildren type , Raphael Sistine let people walking slowly to the Virgin .
In order to make the altar of Our Lady of people have moved to make sense of Raphael paintings level viewpoint there are three ( small angels, saints , the Virgin of each into a flat point of view ) , so the more the viewer to draw closer, the more the people of the Virgin way . In addition, the proximity to abandon the general law , so that the distance between people painting very vague , like if virtual reality , and stability in the composition of the pyramid , with elliptical motion melody ( through clothes wrinkled and color arrangements ) .LeRoy Neiman Michael Jordan
This forms the most important Renaissance abandoned to watch the Notre Dame calamity not just absolutely beautiful concept , it is possible to rely on people close to the Virgin , is in her weeping Virgin, is what does it mean ?
We look at his last piece of work . The painting is said to Raphael asked his dying front end of the bed so that he could look at the death . Can be said to be the artist's last words .
Theme of the work is " Transfiguration of Christ " ,leroy neiman rocky which is described in the Son of God in Christ, who display their beauty . Rafael Shence Christ in glory , witnessed the next two disciples painted this scene , however , the earth beneath the painting but painting riots : prostitutes criminals, paralytic patients with epilepsy .... They handles are pointing or face looking up at him , for them, the Transfiguration of Christ , not just a historical story , but their lives were eagerly looking forward to the urgent need to constantly crave .
(by leroyneimanprints)
Les commentaires sont fermés. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9336233735084534}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '27540', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GHDTS7CTCO756ISFCPXQJTPXZ234TURP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:34c2ac11-b50f-47f6-9d9d-ca54e1cac486>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 19, 19, 2, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '77.75.59.143', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GVMYRQEJXZWMXQEVXPDSEXW237GZDAST', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:094d6730-6ab0-4c8d-b8f6-7967fea7e333>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://leroyneimanprints.ivoire-blog.com/archive/2014/06/03/raphael-s-religious-and-mystical-spiritual-experience.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3b80a3fc-f7aa-4087-b272-731c9bfcc3ca>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '491', 'url': 'http://leroyneimanprints.ivoire-blog.com/archive/2014/06/03/raphael-s-religious-and-mystical-spiritual-experience.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-167-8-186.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12660306692123413', 'original_id': 'b6dc0c17e761f52d306ab6a5bfe6d06f071a0e1519f808d2f712b6a79a278205'} |
You've never heard of the Millenium Falcon? Why are you even here?
Bay 94
The first time we see this piece of junk...and get a boner!
The Falcon has changed hands several times:
• Lots of other people probably
Recently the Millenium Falcon received substantial upgrades and was made significantly bigger. Despite the higher price associated with these upgrades, they proved to be very popular.
Lando Party
Before it was upgraded, the Falcon still provided adequate party space. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9688026905059814}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '135883', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZYTTYG532GCRIZDZDRSBD3XSY4P6KJHV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0c1cb294-f22d-43f5-af69-4f3838196550>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 19, 53, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.128.194', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6V3CZD7NAAR6LVS6IE6W6G2YANBUM3I7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7b1d4fbf-40eb-4a00-9628-5011f65ee443>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://banthapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Millenium_Falcon', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5c3e0cb1-1aee-4a47-9656-532f36f0f8de>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '81', 'url': 'http://banthapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Millenium_Falcon', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-150-135-54.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9671353101730347', 'original_id': '3a93cf03960e71a49acbe0e997a3d17691149158c000091f66c347541f0692ed'} |
Who Has the Body?
A Poetic Series by Donna de la Perrière
by Sharon Coleman
True Crime, by Donna de la Perrière, Talisman House, Publishers, Jersey City, New Jersey, 2009, 66 pages, $13.95 paperback. Saint Erasure, by Donna de la Perrière, Talisman House, Publishers, Greenfield, Massachusetts, 2010, 63 pages, $13.95 paperback. Both available at Small Press Distribution,
Donna de la Perrière's rapid succession of book-length works—first True Crime and then Saint Erasure—presents readers with two extraordinary and very different collections of what might be read as the same poetic series. Each revolves around the question of body—Who has it? What marks it? Why does it always surpass measure? —and traces the how of its constrictions and flights. Yet each follows a different but complementary trajectory.
True Crime is set in the stillbirth of a New South: little changes, but when it does, it's usually for the worse. And bodies bear irrevocable marks of violence and crime. The body also appears as an object-text of attempted readings—by police, psychiatrists, forensic pathologists, family. Saint Erasure begins post-disaster, in extremis, in depression, in psychosis, where the body, in its imagined forms, becomes a locus of transformation. This book is not set in one place but in the push and pull of the body scientifically observed and subjectively experienced, between imaginings sometimes pathological, sometimes sacred—and surpasses even that. The body as portal to the metaphysical.
The movement towards this shift—from physical to metaphysical—appears in the first poem of True Crime, "The Great and Secret Show," which, with the image of a body laid out for an autopsy, renders reading an impossible exercise of forensic pathology. Our reading, over time, brings us something else:
a ceiling fan cools the room
the body's eyes are flat and milkshot
head propped on a wooded block
all afternoon they watch it, just here, just like this
waiting in the body's secret as if it were a shadow
Throughout True Crime, this shift is problematic, pulled one way then the other by ghosts, memories, drunkenness, suicides, crimes of bodily harm. De la Perrière offers windows into the "crimes" via short narratives and narrative fragments often in prose poems. Whether written as news reports, rumor, self-disclosure or half-legible tombstones in a neglected cemetery, these narratives reveal a deep-rooted distress in remembering and an almost impossible understanding. The poems grapple with a South so haunted that the transition from a past "grandeur" to simple justice cannot occur. Perhaps core to this sense is the murder of a grandfather, a lawyer, by a rich man's son, that never went to trial. The lack of trial—justice—becomes a family's trial or troubles. Misfortune multiplies as the true nature of crimes exceeds us and is us.
What is most captivating in the reading and re-reading and is an extraordinary contribution to contemporary American poetry is how de la Perrière forges a poetics both rigorously experimental and poignant. For me, this is innovative poetry at its best: not an exercise in linguistics and perception simply for the sake of novelty but the use of innovative poetics to explore, grapple with (re)presentation and knowledge of core experience. De la Perrière's is a terse, precise poetics—whether a lineated or prose poem—that centers on stark statements of fact, observation, history as well as the stark absence of a pattern—a woven structure—that holds them neatly and comprehensively together. No intricate fabric of representation, no shroud of words to bury the dead. As in "Penelope at the Wheel," the poetics embodies the starts and sudden stops, weaving and unweaving of meaning:
as if were to say
as if to say never the way out, she said
as if all night were spent unspinning
a relocation of fragments
spinning down until: "it just kept
happening, and we were driving, and"
never actually said stop
inexplicable or explicated wrongly
she fell backward collected
words until spinning down became print
wheel pressure collected words until
currents troubled a lever said "we
just kept driving"
As True Crime is so much about troubled but urgent remembering, Saint Erasure traces similarly troubled but urgent forgetting. The body is less the locus of crime than of an altering and transformation of organs to allow a spiritual shift, a shift the collection traces with a disturbing ambivalence.
Often the shifting body is viewed from the outside through many narrative threads of historic cases of mass hysteria or individual psychosis in which women experienced their bodies impossibly altering. There are women who believe parts of their bodies are glass or cork. Hands become wings; heads, too heavy to support. Far from romanticizing these imaginings, Saint Erasure focuses on how they're produced by the popular literature or, in the case of Ursuline nuns of Loudun, France, by social/political struggles. The poem "Dictionary of the Visible" lays out a stark and rational decoding of the context and understanding of the "demonic" possession:
the possession begins in the divided city
(late September, 1632)
divided because of clans, personal rivalries, fermenting quietly
the surface upon which meaning soon will become phenomena
("I was the prime cause of my own turmoil")
the precursor of a gaze insolently installed in a window—
the sisters whirling and whirling in the courtyard—
possession becomes the story of organs;
for melancholy: the foot, the sexual organs, pollen
anything foetid or dank, anything difficult to control—
replacing them with a series of different or combined gestures,
the visible body becomes the contradictory movements of a history,
the visible body becomes a legible story,
a hand whose varied poses constitute a vocabulary
Loudun becomes essential when it become observed—
Spring of 1634: the battle grows obsessive, baroque
the head is a deception (sky articulated in the skull)
things are words, words are things: the litany of the body
in a sense it was something outside the common language:
the I as topography, the I as unstoppable
With this possession, whether by demons or by psychosis, as a realm in which a feminine "I" can articulate itself (the articulation of demon-possession carried quite a bit of social power for women they normally would not have), it's no wonder that this poetic series begins and ends and is mostly carried by views of the inside, a view often expressed in fragments, where hearts escape the chest or skin slips or a voice or worn skin at the back of the throat turns into a hole, when the transformation is spiritual rather than pathological.
Perhaps central to this inside view for this series are the hands, as they appear in many of the poems. In "Still Life (Shirley in the House)," hands are the only part of the body that orients the self and, thus, subsumes the self: "in her room she can move around only by touch, her hand peeling the surface down each of the walls…she appears smaller on the surface of each hand moving south" (page 16). Their loss causes panic in "Occupational Marks and Other Signs": "when you wake the/ weight on your chest on your hands keeps you from moving you/ cannot feel your hands and you want them back because you need/ your hands" (page 34). In "Just Like You Said It Would Be (Russian Madonna, 1405)," hands are the focal point of transformation:
and in the particled shadow
of her hands
and curling from
(garments from the opening
sleeve (hand to wrist
wrist to finger near but
not touching)
and as boats open out
toward an opening horizon
(as in your face as in your hands)
(as in the last time I saw your
hands) (as in the darkness between us)
at night the whole house glints
of moon trees lean out over
the whole land we burned
them out ourselves we made fire
a hollow a space (where the body goes)
a furious and punctuated
equilibrium which is to say
the point at which everything changes.
A reader steeped in postmodern thought cannot help but recall French philosophers Deleuze and Guattari's Body Without Organs, a virtual body that's "deterritorialized" from the social functions of actual bodies so it can move into planes of creative intensities. It's a body freed from restrictive economies/organizations that can move into various flows of intensity. The reader is caught in the psychic drama of this deterritorialization and flights of the bodies. Indeed, the last long poem in Saint Erasure, "From the Root Word Meaning ‘To Go'" traces the liberation to a "new body," a nomadic body. Yet this new body, like the New South of True Crime, still has not resolved the old, nor does it seem able to be maintained. But this is its ephemeral beauty. Always just out of hand's reach, de la Perrière's visions of the body's metaphysical metamorphosis transcends Deleuze and Guattari's mechanistic philosophy.
Finally, once one has read each book separately, I suggest reading between the books—so many connections to draw, many lines and poems that echo between the books and in the in between of language. Read the first poem of True Crime, "The Gr¬¬¬eat and Secret Show," then the last poem of Saint Erasure, "The world is everything that is the case." Read "Penelope at the Wheel" of True Crime, then the lyrical sequence "Occupational Marks and Other Signs" of Saint Erasure. Also read the poems aloud. Experience the intellectual, transformational pain and joy.
Sharon Coleman is the author of Half Circle, poems. A contributing editor to Poetry Flash, she teaches at Berkeley City College, is a coordinator of the Lyrics & Dirges reading series at Pegasus Bookstore in Berkeley, and co-directs the Berkeley Poetry Festival.
— posted May 2014
© 1972-2016 Poetry Flash. All rights reserved. | | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '16', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9344202876091005}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '45354', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XSGXHLXB4Y554HL3SD4MONJIL3U2MEA2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b4954d65-977f-4934-a091-a84ddd3a6976>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 11, 54, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.227.186.224', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5QOEWTOVUEN55OFHPZICLXRIKIIM3GH4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8a66c294-e9a8-4c87-b25c-d33ce957995b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.poetryflash.org/reviews/?p=COLEMAN-Who_Has_the_Body_DeLaPERRIERE_True_Crimes', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d40c3f6f-f529-47fe-8231-1271e98d5159>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1558', 'url': 'http://www.poetryflash.org/reviews/?p=COLEMAN-Who_Has_the_Body_DeLaPERRIERE_True_Crimes', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-14.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.055935561656951904', 'original_id': 'd91ea0b67a6d13c69c5d470956a86d5284884dee32435d42f85df948f510e0db'} |
Sunday, 22 May 2016
You cannot see Lady Liberty’s feet, but if you look closely she is actually standing between a broken shackle and chains. With her right foot raised, she leaves behind the oppression of the past.
Some time ago, we held our heads high with empty eyes and we looked away from each other. Somehow, we had become statues of the people we used to be, tall and dignified like monuments watching over old cities. You were as cold as the weather that day, and I noticed that your face was sharp and broken. My mouth was pink and bitten, stained with leftover lipstick.
I stared out of the window, focused on the branches silhouetted against a wide lilac sky. The winter had been heavy and tedious, and they said it was meant to snow that day.
Two hours later, there was no sign of the storm.
You flicked on the kettle and I waited for words to boil.
Tea, one sugar.
I remember staring at my hands, aware that they had been this way before. This was a symptom of the disease, and you were the indication of my fall. I always retreated to you in crisis, but I knew it wasn't real this time.
It wasn't long before frustration took control, and lips were laced with white lies. I had never been cruel to you before, but I wanted to hurt you this time around. I'm not sure if I did any long term damage, just enough to make you wince.
As my friend you brought out the better of me, which included the parts I had once left forgotten. As anything other than that, you had a tendency to throw me away in the dark. This time I knew you better than before. We had secrets locked in cold stares and smirks, and our history held the keys.
We remembered our place, and adjusted ourselves.We sat with distance between bodies, leaving enough space to conceal the chemicals frozen between us. My hands were still on my lap, and I looked down at them.
"How did we get here?"
We traced the lines of our paths, like faint creases in palms. We were once something, then nothing. Who knew what time would mean for us.
We were used to games, but this wasn't cat and mouse anymore. We were locked in a lyrical bond, and all we had to do was walk away. This was unrehearsed dialogue, and difficult to perform.
You were about to lose something true, someone that you needed in your life. You'd play it down and dismiss my importance. "I'll live", you told me. Maybe, probably. You would miss me.
You started to act like the demons that lived inside your head, and you calculated the risks. You were filtered by your imitation of an enemy, covered by your mask of a martyr. You were trying to fool me, to scare me into thinking I was wrong about you. I assume that you thought it would make it easier.
"I don't want to hurt you"
I wanted you to admit that you cared, even with the ending being the same every time.
"The connection we have is unique, I don't quite have that with anyone else."
We were sculpted like monuments, and you used the windows in your crown to inspect incoming threats. You stood on your own island, removed from the people you used to want, or wanted to love. You were a spectator of life around you. Neither of us could prevent the cracks in the stone.
"I know what you want me to say."
"No, you don't."
I said things to hurt you, so I could prove that I mattered somehow. I was so used to the steel glare in your eye, that I couldn't help but notice when it broke. It was for a second, but vulnerability flashed across your face, like headlights at midnight. This was just another case of unfinished business coming to its ugly conclusion.
I'd glance at you and watch as you tried to spar with me without execution. We tried to protect ourselves, aware that there would never be a winner, not without some cruelty. Both of us regained our grace. You were always statuesque to me, and I would look from a distance as you grew taller, more regal with age.
That night, you were careful not to touch anything. You kept a safe distance. After all, if you break it you buy it. I still had some fight left in me, but you let me argue with myself. Even after all this time, you couldn't give me what I wanted.
I wanted closure, the kind that would clear the stickiness of the air. I'd ask you one last time, and we'd never speak of it again.
We weren't hidden between old purple sheets or in the undiscovered corners of coffee shops. We had no where to hide.
You got what you wanted, didn't you?
Even with the safety of our old routine, you couldn't give me the ending I deserved. This time I walked away without looking back. This time, it was my footsteps in the acoustics of magnolia hallways. For once, I was the one to skip out on goodbye. There was something finite about it, something stubborn and blue.
We didn't know where to go from here, but we knew it was the end of our epilogue. There was grace in our exchange, a clear admission of defeat. They said it was supposed to snow that day, and it never did. We changed our history, and we broke the sky. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9927180409431458}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '82254', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YK5UX57PJZVXK4GNBGGSMYT4GTNWAA4S', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c9bc23bd-bcbb-455b-8881-728dda5d58cd>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 18, 7, 40, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.12.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VPAR7X4X3BKOQGEHQW7BAIEC2D2EMHWC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:04826d2f-5540-4187-b167-c4bdd9306566>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://goldilocksnotebook.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/statues.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7abecf2b-aa38-4929-aa7c-47bd9e8edf8f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '936', 'url': 'http://goldilocksnotebook.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/statues.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-136-183-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11280614137649536', 'original_id': '9604a3176ef2a10fb035095256d1b6465b9f4cb5ed1023dee49a6bf80e0c2c64'} |
DIY090 – Undercatt – Futura EP [OUT OF STOCK]
Out of stock
SKU DIY090VIYNL Categories, ,
1. Futura Undercatt 2:00
2. Hana Undercatt 2:00
3. Parade Undercatt 2:00
DIYNAMIC090 | Digital-UPC: Release Date: 24.02.2017
Tracklist Digital: 1. Undercatt – Futura (06:34 min.) 2. Undercatt – Hana (07:58 min.) 3. Undercatt – Parade (06:18 min.)
Diynamic is bringing its first release of the year, the “Futura EP” by Italian duo Undercatt. A three-track record with a strong cinematic approach.
The opening and title track “Futura” is just what you would imagine. Think of a soundtrack to an Orwellian dystopia movie: the retro-futuristic choir cascades sound like ancient monks praying in the year 2050. Heavy and dark Hans-Zimmer-like strings accompany the arrangement, until the track reaches its climax, materializing as the lonely solo voice.
Up next is “Hana”, which is of a similar apocalyptic tenor. The wistful chimes cast a sense of melancholy upon the scene, whilst the aggressive whips and lashes sound like humans about to start a battle against angry Thor, trying to dodge the claps of thunder that the Nordic God is throwing at him.
Finally, “Parade” puts you in escape mode: imagine you have just robbed a bank in futuristic Tokio and sirens begin to sound. As you make your way out and jump in the getaway car, you see you’re being followed. A relentless pursuit through the bright night lights of the city. You are rushing towards the rising lift bridge, but it seems almost impossible to cross. Will you stop or will you jump?
Here's a video of Solomun (Official) playing Undercatt's "Futura" at Mute Mar del Plata. The "Futura EP" will be out this Friday on DIYNAMIC MUSIC. Pre-order here:
Gepostet von DIYNAMIC MUSIC am Mittwoch, 22. Februar 2017 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8548114895820618}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '174795', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2EA7NEJZWXWJRSKC534ZYR4G63YNGILS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:61e122b4-d3ed-48ab-9266-fc1acb283c52>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 26, 22, 30, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '85.214.132.210', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:URQVEGUUZMN4BPMI3T6Z6PDP4STLM77C', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a0e27172-de20-445a-bab6-cc28a870c5c0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://dev.diynamic.com/produkt/undercatt-futura-ep-vinyl/?add-to-cart=5769', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:33db11ef-7d24-4dbd-a8c0-ebbef6746c99>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '279', 'url': 'https://dev.diynamic.com/produkt/undercatt-futura-ep-vinyl/?add-to-cart=5769', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-28\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06646156311035156', 'original_id': '8dc6925d95ba8f4281f94462d35ec22d98af5a487f6a0c21f5009a6db69d3e9e'} |
Q:
Add standard button to visualforce element
I've been asked to create a custom visualforce element to replace the Campaign History related list on contact. Everything appears to be working as expected, except that the last requirement is to put the "Add to Campaign" button on the new element.
I've tried using the apex:commandButton syntax, but when clicked, it throws errors (most recently, "Formula expression is required on the action attributes") I just want the button to do the same thing it did when on the standard related list. Open a new window with the Campaign lookup, and then go to the Member record. Nothing in that process has changed. Below is the page code:
<apex:page standardController="Contact" extensions="CampaignHistoryExtension">
<apex:form>
<apex:pageBlock >
<apex:pageBlockButtons>
<apex:commandButton action="{AddToCampaign}" value ="Add to a Campaign"/>
</apex:pageBlockButtons>
<apex:outputLink target="_new" value="/701?rlid=RelatedCampaignList&id={!contact.id}">
<p>Show All</p>
</apex:outputLink>
<apex:pageBlocktable value="{!campaignMemberRecords}" var="member" rows="5" >
<apex:column value="{!member.campaign.name}" HeaderValue="Campaign Name"/>
<apex:column value="{!member.campaign.startdate}" HeaderValue="Campaign Start Date"/>
<apex:column value="{!member.campaign.type}" HeaderValue="Campaign Type"/>
<apex:column value="{!member.status}" HeaderValue="Member Status"/>
<apex:column value="{!member.lastmodifieddate}" HeaderValue="Member Status Last Update"/>
</apex:pageBlocktable>
<apex:outputLink target="_new" value="/701?rlid=RelatedCampaignList&id={!contact.id}">
</apex:outputLink>
</apex:pageBlock>
</apex:form>
</apex:page>
I'm assuming I'm forgetting something really obvious. Thank you for any input.
Here's the extension, per the request below:
//VF extension, designed to extend the Contact standard controller to display a filtered campaign history list
public class CampaignHistoryExtension {
//this is the Contact ID variable passed by the standard controller
private ID thisContactID;
//List variable of campaign member records to return to the page as the sorted campaign list
private transient List<campaignMember> campaignMemberRecords;
//Constructor to extend the standard Contact controller a\@param controller
//@param the standardController object constructed by specifying the standardControler attribute in an apex:page
public CampaignHistoryExtension(ApexPages.StandardController controller) {
thisContactID = controller.getId();
refreshCampaignMemberRecords();
}
//@return the list of Campaign Member records to present as the campaign history
public LIST <CampaignMember> getCampaignMemberRecords(){
return campaignMemberRecords;
}
//refresh the list of campaign member records presented as teh contact campaign history by qurying the db using known properties as filter
private void refreshCampaignMemberRecords(){
campaignMemberRecords = [
SELECT ID, CampaignID, Campaign.Name, Campaign.StartDate, ContactID, Contact.Name, Status,
Campaign.Type, campaign.Parent_Campaign__c, LastModifiedDate
FROM CampaignMember
WHERE ContactID = :thisContactID
AND Campaign.Parent_Campaign__c=TRUE
ORDER BY Campaign.StartDate DESC];
}
}
To reiterate, the VF page renders perfectly, it's just the adding of the "Add To Campaign" button that is the issue.
A:
the reason for the error is the action attribute has to look like {!xxx}.
If you have an action method in your controller extension called addToCampaign(), then change the commandbutton to read like:
<apex:pageBlockButtons>
<apex:commandButton action="{!addToCampaign}" value ="Add to a Campaign"/>
</apex:pageBlockButtons>
If you aren't overriding the addToCampaign action in your controller, then use
<apex:pageBlockButtons>
<apex:commandButton action="{!URLFOR($Action.Contact.AddtoCampaign,Contact.id,[retURL=$CurrentPage.URL])}"
value ="Add to a Campaign"/>
</apex:pageBlockButtons>
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '7e5ac01f824dd08b84eca937f2f9d06ec62dc3af123ca9cb5ff8bb7dc0fc4691'} |
It can be hard not to take coffee for granted these days. Most of us drink a mug first thing in the morning and continue throughout the day. At this time of year, as winter recedes and exams approach, many of us are rarely seen without one. Whether we drink it for taste, for warmth or for concentration, we rely on the stuff!
Your breakfast mug of Nescafé began life as the seeds of a coffea plant. These plants grow best in competitive, elevated tropical regions, and over time have evolved a highly specific mechanism of self-preservation. Young and vulnerable coffee seeds produce massive amounts of the endogenous neurotoxin caffeine in order to paralyse and kill insects that are looking for a quick buzz.
The two most important varieties of coffea seeds are coffea arabica (arabica coffees) and coffea caniphora robusta (robusta coffees). Arabica beans provide over three quarters of the world’s coffee. Arabica plants are significantly easier to grow and though they contain less caffeine than the Robusta variety, Arabica beans contain more fat and more sugar, which makes them tastier. Robusta, on the other hand has almost double the caffeine content, which gives it a very bitter, burnt taste. At the base of every coffee are about 50 beans, roasted and ground .
The fate of the coffea plant’s would-be predators may suggest that caffeine has the potential to harm, but fortunately for us, it would take roughly 70 cups of coffee to have similar effects on humans. Caffeine is part of a chemical group called xanthines. Xanthines are produced naturally in the body, and have the ability to change the way in which some of the proteins in our bodies work, depending on their concentration. The main effect of xanthines is to block adenosine receptors. Adenosine is a protein found throughout the body which is responsible for some of the ‘downstream’ effects of the “fight or flight” hormone adrenaline. In the heart, adenosine can bind to receptors to slow your heart rate. In the brain, adenosine binding to other receptors can reduce the release of important neurotransmitters, reducing brain activity and slowing us down. On the other hand, when xanthines such as caffeine block adenosine receptors in these cell types, the opposite effect is observed, e.g. increasing heart rate and flooding the brain with the exciting and rewarding neurotransmitters glutamate and dopamine.
However, despite the beneficial few hours of heightened concentration, consumption of “the devil’s brew” has been extensively linked to almost every major disease known to man. Furthermore, large doses of caffeine can be fatal, causing cardiac arrest. At the same time there are claims that caffeine will reduce your risk of diabetes, stroke, dementia and cancer. Both sides of this heated argument have been considered extensively by policy makers around the world, most of whom have reached the conclusion that caffeine in moderation is okay and probably even helps protect against diabetes and some cancers. Moderation is defined as a maximum of 200 mg of caffeine in one sitting, and no more than 400 mg daily.
Back in 2011, the US company Dunkin’ Donuts performed a survey to assess which professions were most dependent on coffee , published in the Food and Function journal, compared the content and concentrations of caffeine and CQAs (a polyphenol also found in coffee) between a variety of coffee types and coffee shops in the West End of Glasgow, Italy and Spain. Espressos served in Spain contained the most caffeine, and those poured in Scotland contained the least. (A comparison of concentrations and content of Glaswegian coffee shops is shown in the picture below.)
The researchers also compared the effects of both roasting the beans differently and using different barista techniques on the caffeine and CQA concentrations. Finally, they compared different types of commercially available instant coffee. Plain old Nescafé Classic contains more caffeine than more exotic alternatives such as Alta Rica or Gold Blend. This may be due to an increased Arabica to Robusta ratio in the more expensive, tastier coffees.
The take-home message from the study is that the caffeine concentrations and content of coffees vary hugely between countries, coffee houses and even baristas. These variations mean that it would be remarkably easy for those who frequent coffee shops to unwittingly consume more caffeine than their recommended daily allowance. Whilst we may rely on it, we need to be wary of our caffeine intake, and remember that caffeine can be found in other products besides coffee (for example, in teas, energy drinks and chocolate). However, as exams loom, there is a more practical message to be taken from this study: the next time you need that concentration boost, the West End’s best buzz-for-buck is to be found in the University Café on Byres Road!
This article was specialist edited by Debbie Nicol and copy edited by Manda Rasa Tamosauskaite. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'cb02d5aafa1d50844fb29b8ad437c4ae8f24593c903c4532fa0a7b8e2f3f93c9'} |
If the news of Xbox games coming to HoloLens and Elite: Dangerous hitting Xbox Onethis summer wasn't nearly enough, Microsoft has a few other tidbits to share from this year's Game Developers Conference. First up: Redmond is bringing the Xbox Live SDK to Windows 10. It's part of the universal apps push that the outfit's making with its new operating system, and will give game developers of any size access to a "vast majority" of Xbox Live's services. It wouldn't be the first time Microsoft's done something like this, but let's hope it doesn't turn into another disaster like Games for Windows Live was. The post on Xbox Wire also mentions there will be a new tier of the company's online gaming service coming as well that specifically allows "any developer to engage with the Xbox Live community." We've reached out for clarification of exactly what that translates to. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '30', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9263768792152404}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48480', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:G2GIUDDS4ZRCHEZHXCA5QQP2BJHIFNMP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:cc6390ee-9bbc-45a4-8410-72b142614569>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 18, 35, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '148.251.87.169', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CPWOFBWQU37E7DLSNYNZFHGWUGR3OJJK', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e42d52ca-5742-42c9-9f44-4cc2031fc4c1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.dcemu.co.uk/vbulletin/threads/1097016-Xbox-Live-and-ID-Xbox-are-coming-to-Windows-10', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f055d18f-92d8-479b-8c50-d7889f673f0d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '148', 'url': 'http://www.dcemu.co.uk/vbulletin/threads/1097016-Xbox-Live-and-ID-Xbox-are-coming-to-Windows-10', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-156-82-108.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.49114078283309937', 'original_id': '73b86ab28c64e2e0b262190d8d1dd672842654bc76e5d295628fab6e102dad6d'} |
Parties: Super Bowl, tea, third, and Grand Ole
Gamecock announces the dawn of only the sixth Super Bowl in which one of our favorite teams is participating, still a bit tired from our fourth week of immersion in contract law, but even more beleaguered from last evening’s defense of “right-wing Christians” accused of having taken over the federal government.
Proudly wearing our Colts horseshoe, we were surprised to find that one of our hawkish on defense and economic conservative friends thinks that a third-party Warren Buffet as President would be preferable to a return to power of the Republican Party, given its supposed obeisance to Falwell fundamentalism and since the ObamaDem dominance will have been worth it once they inevitably legalize cannabis sativa nationwide.
Don’t hold your toke waiting on that one, anymore than you should wonder who dat team that will prevent Saints from marching back to the Crescent City with the Lombardi trophy.
My good-natured conservative friend carries no flag for liberals or Democrats, and affirmed his belief in American’s historical exceptionalism, but didn’t seem to appreciate the coincidence of the influence of Judeo-Christian values in producing our greatness even while his libertarianism leanings blinded him to the real enemies of personal freedom in the World’s Oldest Party, i.e. the Democrats.
Contrary to Drive-by media myths of old concerning supposed Christian intent to “impose” their will on America, it is those of the modern day liberal persuasion that have actually done so via unconstitutional judicial fiat for decades; arguably, legally thru bureaucratic interpretation of vague laws passed by cowardly congresses; and today through super-majorities over-interpreting their 2008 election mandate to fundamentally transform the exceptional America.
No, my good libertarian friends, your natural allies to protect civil liberties are those same Christians some of you love to loathe, and not Barack Hussein Obama, Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid.
Even if they could make marijuana legal across the Fruited Plain (and there are certainly strong 10th Amendment arguments that they could not do so absent a constitutional amendment regarding the usurpation of state police powers), I missed the announcement of their intention so to do. Moreover, no true libertarian would find the trade off between legal pot, and the ObamaDem taking away of the means to earn enough money to buy a pot to put the pot in.
The underlying problem I see in this mentality is the failure of the GOP and conservatives to dispel another myth, i.e. that there isn’t a dime’s worth of difference between the parties.
Fact: There are 10.3 and 10.56 trillion dime’s worth of difference between Bush’s worst budget deficit ($400 billion, and even that one was passed by a Democratic Congress with then Senator Obama voting aye) and the first two budget deficits of the ObamaDem super-majority.
This is a difference not merely in quantity, but in kind. The Obama spending threatens the currency and economic well-being immediately. In contrast, the Bush spending looks quaint by comparison. Why, we could slouch towards Gomorrah as a country for 100 more years at the Bush rate. Obama has us at the precipice.
Looking at the past 20, 40 and even 60 years, there simply is no comparison on civil liberties, national defense and economic prosperity between the policies of Democrats vs. Republicans. I am a conservative first, but to imagine that voting for a supposed conservative Democrat could possibly do any good while making Pelosi speaker, is just folly. Voting third party also merely empowers the left. See Bull Mooses paving the Wilson way and Perot ushering in Bubba.
Another good conservative friend with libertarian/third party leanings, albeit also a Christian not hostile to the Christian Church, asks why must conservatives “settle” for an impure GOP in arguing for Tea Parties to produce a third party to fix the system.
There is a very conservative reason why conservatives should eschew the Utopian dream of a pure conservative third party and always vote Republican: Since Eve bit the apple and man was banished from the garden, we have had to settle for a world east of Eden. This is fundamental, and together with the recent history of the Democratic Party, make it vital that Democrats be removed from power.
The Tea Party movement is essentially a visceral reaction and revulsion of Americans to big government that will translate into a huge victory for the GOP this November. The new myth of the media is to focus on the differences between individual tea drinkers and muse about how Democrats could co-opt some of them.
These Lipton lovers will kick out the bums in office now, and they are Democrats, and given that all 60 of which in the Senate voted for socialized medicine should dispel any myth that there are any moderates worthy of that squishy word in the party that has self-destructed since JFK was shot..
Looking back, wouldn’t we die for the Bush deficits compared to the disaster we find ourselves in now? Any rational person would. Should we make sure that next time we have power that we exercise it much better? Yes again and amen. But politically, we must stop feeding the lies that there is no difference between the parties and that a third party could be our salvation.
And Warren Buffet? Please Jesus, take time off from dominating the Party of Lincoln long enough to help me weather that nomination.
Buffett voted for Obama. Buffett is an expert at making Buffett rich no matter who is President. Buffett likes to be liked by the Manhattan-DC-Boston elites, and you don’t get invited to their parties if you get too close to Christians that really believe the Bible.
And as to those Bible-thumpers with whom I proudly associate myself, does anyone ever wonder from whence came the tolerance, love for liberty and compassion for fallen enemies but from an adaptation of turning the other cheek? Libertarians, you want the right to make a living in America? Keep more of your paycheck? Drive an SUV? Drill for oil?
Then vote GOP.
Want to make marijuana legal in Georgia? Use your free speech to persuade a majority to do so. It is Republicans that respect majorities. It is Democrats that employ judges to impose views on majorities.
Finally, an aside on the pro-life position of my good conservative Christian friend, who seems, at times, to go out of his way to make clear to assumed social liberals that his pro-life position doesn’t wish for a “national law” to impose his preference on all the states.
First, let me admit that I may be being too harsh in my criticism of this position and a bit hypocritical given that Fred Thompson did persuade me a few years ago that it is a better strategy to focus on replacing pro-Roe v Wade judges and pass state laws rather than seek a federal pro-life amendment.
That said, pro-lifers need not fear this issue politically, even as we naturally must now focus on the threat to our economy and the fight against terrorism. After all, we can fight against abortion in moral terms without changing the law; but if a President won’t defend our nation, we won’t be defended and if congress won’t let us pursue happiness and private property, we can’t fight that very well from the pulpit.
That said, either abortion is killing or its not. It is, and everyone knows it, and just as I favor every state having laws against homicides with malice aforethought for those un-tethered to an umbilical cord, I also pray for the day that America’s 50 states and the District of Columbia once again protect the umbilically tied.
And politically, pro-life is now the majority position overall and with the generations younger than the baby boomers, even larger.
The rooster for Indianapolis simply crows so that we not be fooled by the media into thinking there is any real political dissonance between libertarians and Christian conservatives. There is not.
And if any on our side seek purity, don’t seek it through a third party or any man-made institution promised to Eve to “be as Gods” with a bite of the apple. Seek purity through God.
Conservatives know Utopia is beyond this world. In other words my friends, at some level, we do have to settle.
And given the history of the Dem Party and third parties, the only place to settle is the Grand Ole Party.
2011 House of Representatives – GOP +11, Senate GOP +1
Colts 32, Saints 22
Originally published @ Examiner.com, where all verification links may be accessed
Get Alerts | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9452564716339112}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '72126', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AHXMMJXRFKEVYAO7PB6COANTGK45DQAI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:41cf101f-bf10-499a-8e1d-d40bb1c1bf0b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 2, 37, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '108.171.169.17', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZOP34VBPWP6AIH3BK7UOPVIOB3Y5YCQA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:208924ca-fe8b-4b62-9959-5ef2da00d16b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.redstate.com/diary/gamecock/2010/02/07/parties-super-bowl-tea-thir-and-grand-ole/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d80db864-ed1f-41e1-bf01-86983a27673d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1443', 'url': 'http://www.redstate.com/diary/gamecock/2010/02/07/parties-super-bowl-tea-thir-and-grand-ole/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.022875845432281494', 'original_id': '61a7630ce9c204500b9ef8cc5aab913a5ef6827bbd34eddb7d92c4a1f76cce50'} |
Ebates Coupons and Cash Back
It would be remiss not to mention a work of art, produced at about the time of William's conquest of England – the Bayeaux Tapestry.
It is exhibited in the Centre Guillame-le-Conquérant (William the Conqueror Centre), in the small town of Bayeux, situated in Normandy, just west of Caen and close to the beaches of D-Day. Actually, the tapestry depicts not only William's conquest of England at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 (14 October), but precedes that account with details of what led up to the invasion, the preparations, and finally the battle itself.
The Keepers of the Tapestry believe tit was begun the day after the battle, and took about ten years to complete. It is actually a work of embroidery, as opposed to a full-scale tapestry, but its size and story have given it heroic proportions.
It measures one foot eight inches high (50 cm.), and is nearly 230 feet long (70m.). Composed of nine pieces of linen, featuring 58 known pieces of the story, the actual ending has possibly been lost (William's coronation in Westminster Abbey, Christmas Day, 1066).
Briefly, it details how the English King Edward the Confessor had promised the throne to William of Normandy. Harold delivers the news to William in Normandy, returns to England. Edward dies, Harold takes the throne, and William invades at Hastings. All of this is depicted in the “tapestry.” With no rebuttal available, some view the entire panorama as “Norman propaganda.” Others view it as a major and serious work of art. Here are a few excerpts from that piece of linen:
This scene depicts William agreeing to pay a ransom for Harold, who had been shipwrecked and held for ransom, while attempting to give William the news of his succession to the English throne.
After landing at Hastings, William's soldiers leave to engage Harold.
The Normans attack the English, but are initially repulsed.
Norman soldiers and horses become trapped in a marshy ditch built by the English. Bodies are strewn about the tapestry.
After a false report of William's death, the French fight back. William orders his archers to aim high, to avoid their arrows falling uselessly against leather shields.
The English are slaughtered.
Harold is shot in the eye, the arrow pierces his brain, and William becomes the first Norman King of England.
First account of the tapestry (wall hanging would perhaps be more appropriate) is its use in decorating the nave of Bayeux Cathedral, consecrated in 1077. During the French Revolution it was almost used as a wrap-around for a wagon, to keep the rain out, but was saved at the last minute by a member of the City Council. As we are still learning today (2011), “revolutions” can be tricky events. Napoleon took it to the Louvre for exhibition in 1803, but it was subsequently returned to Bayeux.
A small sketch I did on the banks of the river Aure, which runs just in front of the exhibit Centre.
TERMS - Enter a word or partial word to search: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9639158248901368}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '17739', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7PANZB6XQ5SXHDDPHB7TZ2BCWA5CIU7D', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c3569e4b-5f4a-44e6-9e11-0bee867562a4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 17, 5, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.208.236.189', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZSFXDOUYNHWW2UZEUUK6OUVE3KG57IGP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5f497d14-3263-44c9-b82d-2eb01cb4c338>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://architectureppf.com/chapter_6/BayeuxTapestry.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b86853e4-e4ff-4939-8e4b-d2a510193f62>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '502', 'url': 'http://architectureppf.com/chapter_6/BayeuxTapestry.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-69-73-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019608795642852783', 'original_id': '6e5dbe3603a7f8d624989128a2c3f9cc524406b92b011d9d5400e2b08fdf1bcc'} |
Your Cart
She inflates a lot of inflatables like swimrings, a crocodile, deflates - 48:12min
On Sale
Added to cart
She inflates a lot of inflatables.
Swimring. Crocodile. Swimwings.
She deflates the inflatables.
Running time: 48:12 minutes.
You will get a MP4 (2GB) file
Inflating deflating several inflatables - 38:22min
Inflating beachballs, inflatable swan, deflate, destroy - 53:45
Two girls inflate beachballs, deflate - 44:17min
Inflating deflating inflatable swimring, spittig on it - 12:12min
Inflating and deflating a big swim ring - 09:04
Inflating big balloons - pinpop - 23:11min
Inflating giant swimring, bouncing, riding, deflating - 49:54min
Blowing up small balloons and give stomppop to them - 21:09min
Inflating beachballs and kill with nails - 12:56min
Inflating beachball, swimring, air mattress, bouncing, riding, deflating - 32:25min | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8246158957481384}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '536729', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:U23MGBLI3G4SFMCXYFTVQ2A53N3VKADR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:66421e35-efed-4a4e-bb24-53fc0a4ad805>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 12, 31, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.22.78.119', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:B6RWO7W6FDNRTJCMQ7HKJZ5KLRGSRXD6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d256a5e7-033c-4098-a908-6f1f4688d974>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://payhip.com/b/0nvO', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a45ec9da-a778-4568-b390-0b4fafa303c1>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '114', 'url': 'https://payhip.com/b/0nvO', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-182\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.16477853059768677', 'original_id': '224ecf83782d9ac798fb35792df7827e4c025ed4b74747bd54f3d55959ecddc4'} |
Arabic Rice
1. Combine rice, water and acid medium of choice in a bowl or pot. Cover and let soak for at least 7 hours.
2. Drain off water into a measuring cup. Rinse the rice. Add the same amount of chicken broth (plus a little water if necessary) as water drained off. Bring broth to a boil.
3. Add the rice, noodles, salt and butter to the pot. Return to a boil and then turn down heat. Cover and let simmer for 30 to 45 minutes, undisturbed.
4. When done turn off heat and let stand for 15 minutes. Fluff and serve.
Recipe by Nourishing Simplicity at | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8985694646835327}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '4800', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SCJD2E7MHUVXBYXCJ5LHIYE5OPPYDBCB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:058b65cf-8762-417f-9c49-76209f72a460>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 5, 29, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '50.31.65.75', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NVWVELWQCPKFSPJZXPMG7WP53Y2IF54H', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e6566de4-5930-4561-a64f-0e6efdc087ef>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://nourishingsimplicity.org/2012/02/arabic-rice.html/cookbook-print/7071', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:65d214ff-5401-4999-9ae4-08bfe988cf6e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '110', 'url': 'https://nourishingsimplicity.org/2012/02/arabic-rice.html/cookbook-print/7071', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-235.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0768805742263794', 'original_id': '74567a7e0e51e6dce7cf56913058034512919e898eeb142d3053744199b6c06b'} |
US used cluster bombs on Yemen civilians: Amnesty` | world | Hindustan Times
Today in New Delhi, India
May 24, 2017-Wednesday
New Delhi
• Humidity
• Wind
US used cluster bombs on Yemen civilians: Amnesty`
world Updated: Jun 07, 2010 22:40 IST
"Amnesty International is gravely concerned by evidence that cluster munitions appear to have been used in Yemen," said Mike Lewis, the group's arms control researcher.
"Cluster munitions have indiscriminate effects and unexploded bomblets threaten lives and livelihoods for years afterwards," he said.
A Pentagon spokesman would not comment on the charge, referring questions on military operations in Yemen to the government there.
"That said, the Yemen government should be commended for dealing with the Al-Qaeda threat in their nation," Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman said, calling Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula a threat to the region.
"We strongly support actions against Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, and cooperate closely with Yemen and other countries on counter-terrorism initiatives," he said.
But Philip Luther, deputy director of AI's Middle East and North Africa Programme, hit back saying: "A military strike of this kind against alleged militants without an attempt to detain them is at the very least unlawful."
Yemen's defence ministry had claimed responsibility for the attack without mentioning a US role, saying between 24 and 30 militants had been killed at an alleged Al-Qaeda training camp.
But a local official said 49 civilians, among them 23 children and 17 women, were killed "indiscriminately."
AI said a Yemeni parliamentary committee reported in February that in addition to 14 alleged Al-Qaeda militants, 41 local residents, including 14 women and 21 children, were killed in the attack.
AI said photographs it had obtained showed damaged remains of the BGM-109D Tomahawk land-attack cruise missile.
"This type of missile, launched from a warship or submarine, is designed to carry a payload of 166 cluster sub-munitions (bomblets) which each explode into over 200 sharp steel fragments that can cause injuries up to 150 metres (about 500 feet) away," an AI statement said.
"An incendiary material inside the bomblet also spreads fragments of burning zirconium designed to set fire to nearby flammable objects," it said.
The Yemen parliamentary committee had said when it visited the site that "all the homes and their contents were burnt and all that was left were traces of furniture," AI said.
AI said it had requested information about the attack from the Pentagon, but had not yet received a response.
Amnesty said it had obtained the photographs from its own sources, but had not released them earlier in order to ascertain their authenticity and give the United States enough time to respond.
The United States and Yemen have not yet signed the Convention on Cluster Munitions, a treaty designed to comprehensively ban such weapons which is due to enter into force on 1 August, 2010. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '122', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.976145327091217}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '95130', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WKWEZTFGNO2CT2BK5VB5F3WFY3LDJYE5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:aeb1e12c-ed5c-4f95-9ce6-a7753fd482f6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 5, 23, 19, 24, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '184.50.239.10', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZJWS2LSTNBDYLFU7I2GH5NH43ODSO4ZL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bb88c29b-7f0b-4ba7-8e4b-835a052bb20a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/us-used-cluster-bombs-on-yemen-civilians-amnesty/story-8dpybm3UBqfNqUil3BflzK.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:937d137f-561a-4fd7-896e-31eb06f414e8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '582', 'url': 'http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/us-used-cluster-bombs-on-yemen-civilians-amnesty/story-8dpybm3UBqfNqUil3BflzK.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-224-210.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-22\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02994561195373535', 'original_id': '60156eff50452aa65b277e07f93788b2c7e8d43d84d0aab56fade73f680e034c'} |
Tater Tots
February 2nd is the day to celebrate “National Tater Tot Day”. So I thought what could be the best day than today to share some recipes I have been experimenting? Tater tots are a side dish made from deep-fried, grated potatoes. They are widely recognized by their crispness and cylindrical shape. “Tater Tots” is a registered trademark of Ore-Ida (a division of the H. J. Heinz Company) that is often used as a generic term.
My kids totally love Tater Tots and it was time for me to invent little healthier version of it. I tried few recipes and finally my favorite is made with leftover rice! As my house is filled with different age group, seniors, adults and kids…I also love to prepare rice quinoa tater tots. Taste so amazing! Let me start with very basic recipe of Tater Tots.
Print
Tater Tot
Prep Time
10mins
Cook Time
20mins
Total Time
30mins
Recipe Creator: Bhavna
Ingredients
1lbrusset potatoes, peeled about 2 big potatoes
1/2tbspall-purpose flour or other good binding flour can be used such as Chickpea flour or corn starch
1/2tspgarlic powder
1/4tsponion powder
1/8tspdried oregano
(I just use complete seasoning which has onion, garlic and herbs)
Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste
1cupvegetable oil to fry tots
1tbspchopped fresh parsley leaves or your favorite herb
Instructions
Place potatoes in a large saucepan and cover with cold water by 1 inch. Bring to a boil and cook until parboiled, about 6-7 minutes; drain well and let cool.
Using a box grater, finely shred potatoes. Using a clean dish towel or cheese cloth, drain potatoes completely, removing as much water as possible.
Transfer potatoes to a large bowl. Stir in flour, garlic powder, onion powder, and oregano; season with salt and pepper, to taste. The mixture should be workable but dry. Form potatoes into tots.
Heat vegetable oil in a large pot over medium heat.
Add tots, 5 or 6 at a time, and fry until evenly golden and crispy, about 3-4 minutes. Transfer to a paper towel-lined plate.
Serve immediately, garnished with parsley, if desired.
Love tater tots but wish they were healthier? Let’s look at some options…Try these better-for-you bites that are made from veggies and baked in the oven. Let me be honest here that grown ups will compromise here but not kids..so continue reading this post for the next recipe that works for everyone!
Print
Baked Cauliflower Tater Tots
Prep Time
10mins
Cook Time
20mins
Total Time
30mins
Servings: 30-40 Tots
Recipe Creator: Bhavna
Ingredients
2cupscauliflower florets
2tbspCorn starch, can be adjusted to get the right mixture
½cuponion, minced
¼cupbell pepper, minced (optional)
½cupcheddar cheese, shredded
¼cupcheese, you can use your favorite, I use yellow Cheddar
¼minced cilantro or parsley(optional)
salt and pepper to taste
cooking spray or oil
Instructions
Preheat oven to 375°F. Spray a nonstick cookie sheet with cooking spray or lightly grease with oil. Set aside.
Steam cauliflower in hot water for 3-5 minutes or until nice and soft, drain and chopped with a knife or blend in the food processor ( just a few seconds.)
In a medium bowl, combine all of the ingredients(except cooking oil spray and parsley) and season with salt and pepper to taste.
Spoon about 1 tablespoon of mixture in your hands and roll into small oval shaped tots. Or if you can make long cylinder and cut into 1 inch pieces to get it done faster.
Place on the cookie sheet ½ inch apart and bake for about 20 minutes, turning halfway through cooking until golden.
Now, obviously I don’t have time to prepare different recipe for different tastebuds so I had to come up with the recipe that everyone enjoy in my family. I started experimenting and I adopted this idea from Indian cutlet recipe. I usually have left over rice in my refrigerator and sometimes quinoa as well. You don’t have to have quinoa on hands to prepare the following recipe. I thought of combining these two ingredients and believe me or not, it got hit in my family. so here is the recipe. If you wish to bake instead of fry, add your favorite cheese in it and bake.
Print
Rice Tots
Prep Time
5mins
Cook Time
15mins
Total Time
20mins
Recipe Creator: Bhavna
Ingredients
2cupscooked rice
1small potato peeled and cut in small pieces
1cupcooked quinoa or you can even try with mixed vegetables cut into very small pieces(green beans, bell pepper and carrot)
2tspMinced Garlic
1/2tspred chili powder, adjust to taste
1/2tspsalt
1tbspcorn starch, can be added as needed to adjust the mixture consistancy
Oil to fry
Instructions
If using vegetables, pat dry all the vegetables.
Put all the ingredients in food processor(except oil) and mix for about half a minutes. Mixture should be coarse not like paste and you should be able to see all the vegetables.
Remove from the food processer, rice mixture will be textured of chunky soft dough. Form mixture into tots..
Heat the oil in a frying pan on medium high heat. Drop the cutlets slowly into it, taking care not to overlap them.
Fry the cutlets until they are golden brown, turning occasionally. This should take about 5 to 6 minutes. Take them out over a paper towel.
If desired, you can bake at 350F for about 20 minutes or till golden crispy and done.
For best taste serve them hot. Tots taste great with Tomato Sauce, as we all know but try with Indian Chutneys...
Recommended
Post navigation
If you found this post useful, I would really love it if you pin it or share it with your Facebook fans or Twitter followers or Google+ circles today. All it takes is a simple click on the “pin it” “like,” “share,” “tweet,” or Google+ buttons below the post. It will keep me motivated.Thank you!
Never miss a recipe!
Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'cadedb2db7f57fd18e5cfd302d8813d01d1dcd80a7079fcbb0bcaa1c70c141d2'} |
Thursday, May 9, 2019
South El Monte Confidential
The memories are from a distant past... a lifetime ago, circa 1961-62.
Mom and Dad divorced when I was around 5 years old, and Mom got custody of younger brother Chuck and me for a while before we went to live with other relatives.
The memories of those early days living with Mom in our tiny South El Monte duplex have always been apparitions... screenshots... disjointed 8mm snippets that float in the cranial ether.
But they are memories that have stayed with me to this day.
Marybeth Avenue
We lived in a one-bedroom flat, the third small unit at the end of the long driveway behind the main house. Chuck and I shared the bedroom and a bunk bed (me on the top bunk), with Mom sleeping on a fold-out sofa bed in the tiny living room. I remember the place always being kind of dark and barely lit, maybe because we were usually only there from early evening until early morning.
Marybeth Avenue dead-ended at a corrugated metal fence that bordered The Starlight Drive-In Theater. I remember being a small kid on a bike, sitting with some other kids on bikes in the early evening watching the movie screen that towered over the fence, the sound from hundreds of pole-mounted metal speakers echoing in the distance.
There was an older kid that lived across the street who I called Boss, and we rode our bikes up and down the street together a lot. One day we found a large Black Widow in a web on the side of the duplex's garage, so Boss got some matches and (on his recommendation) I grabbed a can of Mom's Aqua Net hairspray from the bathroom. Boss lit and held the match, I pointed the can at the spider and pressed the spray head and WHOOSH a huge hairspray flame shot out and torched the spider, reducing it to a crispy bit.
It was awesome, and I don't recall any injuries. Mom came out and yelled at us and Boss ran home and I was dragged away from the carnage.
One night I rolled off the top bunk and crashed onto the floor, knocking my head on the bed frame and making a huge racket in the process. Mom raced in to see what happened and I remember her being naked, something I'd never seen before. She brought me into the kitchen to put some ice on my head and I noticed a guy in Mom's bed, watching us. "Don't worry, honey", Mom said... "It's only Uncle Dophy." I didn't think anything about it because I was still half-asleep... but I never forgot the initial shock of seeing Mom naked.
Is that weird?
The Laundry Room
I was in First Grade and Chuck was still a toddler, so Mom needed someone to babysit Chuck during the days and a place for me stay before and after school. That turned out to be a house down at the end of the street that we knew as 'Aunt Rosie's house'. I never knew if we were actually related.
Rosie had three kids, and they didn't like having other kids in their house and made sure we knew it. I was always getting in fights with the oldest kid named Glenn (maybe 9 years old) and his younger sister. In fact, one fight ended with Glen biting my upper right arm so hard he bit off a chunk of skin and I bled all over the place, with me jumping around and yelling "HE BIT MY MEAT... HE BIT MY MEAT!!!!"
I survived.
Mom's job in downtown Los Angeles required long daily bus rides, so she had to leave pretty early each morning. She'd get us both up, fed and dressed, and the three of us would walk up the street in the early morning dawn to Rosie's house.
We'd walk up the house's driveway to the back door that lead to the rear porch laundry room, left unlocked for us. The thing is, everyone in the house was still asleep and we weren't allowed inside the house until they woke, so Mom sat me and Chuck together on a small bench inside the laundry room, next to the locked door leading into the kitchen.
I remember her fussing with Chuck's hat and buttoning up our jackets, telling us "Make sure you stay really quiet and sit still until Aunt Rosie wakes up, OK?". She'd kiss and hug us both before locking the back door behind her and heading to the bus stop a block away on Garvey Avenue.
And then we were alone.
We sat there inside the locked laundry room, two little kids, heads down, waiting... waiting. Chuck was still a toddler but he was amazingly calm, rarely fidgeting around. When he did, I'd just shush him and he'd stop. Thanks, Chuck.
We sat there in the locked laundry room, our short legs dangling off the bench, waiting for someone inside to wake up and notice that we were out there, waiting to come inside the warm kitchen.
Sometimes it seemed to take forever.
I'd sit there, worrying that Chuck would start crying (he never did) or that they'd forget we were out there (they never did) or that somehow we'd have to sit in that locked laundry room all day. I'd look up and around the room, at the tall shelves that held soap and bleach and other stuff, at the dark open broom closet, at the giant sink next to me that was next to the wringer washer, or through the locked door glass and into the still-dark kitchen.
I'd sit there, wondering if I'd get in another fight with Glen or if I'd get in trouble at school for peeing my pants in class like that little girl did yesterday or if Mom might forget to pick us up after work and we'd have to stay at Rosie's house forever.
We NEVER EVER left that bench until the kitchen door unlocked and we were allowed to go inside. We knew how bad it would be if we made any noise and woke up the people sleeping inside... at least I knew it. Who knows what Chuck thought.
It was a daily test of will to behave, to stay quiet, to stay put, to act 100% unlike the way two small kids are supposed to act when left by themselves.
I don't know how long we endured that daily ritual before me and Chuck were whisked away to live with Aunt Peggy and Uncle Tony (another strange story), but I will never forget feeling lonely and afraid and forgotten inside that locked laundry room.
But I know we did what Mom told us to do.
A Dead Dog
One day after school, we were playing in back yard at Rosie's house, running around and screaming and just being stupid noisy little kids. I don't think Glen was there because he and I always wound up in a fight, and I'm sure Chuck was inside with Rosie.
We were playing hide-and-seek and I was 'it' and the other kids were doing their best to disappear. After counting to 20, I started my mad search looking high and low because I didn't want to be 'it' again.
After spending a minute searching the yard, I ran through the side gate and into the detached garage because I knew it was a good place to hide. As soon as I stepped into the garage, I stopped in my tracks.
Laying there on its side on the floor, right inside the open door, was Rosie's dog (whose name escapes me so many eons later). I looked down at it, the garage dark except for the light coming in through the open door. It was a small short-haired dog, white with large tan spots, it's legs out straight and mouth open and eyes wide, unmoving.
I knew it was dead, although I'm unsure how or why I knew that. I couldn't stop staring at the open eyes... the open mouth... the stiff outstretched legs. After a few moments, I sat down and poked it with my foot to see what would happen. The stiff dog did a half-spin, as if I'd kicked a piece of wood.
I was fascinated.
I sat there wondering how long the dog had been dead, wondering why the dog had died, wondering how old the dog was. I sat there for several minutes in the middle of playing hide-and-seek, thinking (maybe for the first time) about death and dying. It didn't scare me to think about it, because here was death laying on its side at my feet, mouth and eyes wide-open, a stiff.
And soon enough, in came Aunt Rosie who grabbed me by the arm and dragged me away from death and back into the sunny back yard.
And then I wasn't 'it' any more.
The Alley
An alley ran alongside Aunt Rosie's house that ended in a driveway next to a liquor store on Garvey Avenue. It was long and narrow, bordered by rear-yard fencing on both sides that gave way to parking lots behind the stores facing Garvey.
For some reason, that alley was a center of much activity and youthful indiscretion.
It was the route we used on Sundays to walk and have lunch at The (original) Hat on the corner of Garvey and Rosemead Boulevard. We'd sit on the counter stools that surrounded the outside of The Hat, munching away while traffic buzzed along behind us in that busy intersection. The stools were too tall for my feet to touch the ground, so I kneeled on the upholstered seat pad to reach my food on the counter.
Us kids used the alley a lot to go buy candy and sodas at the liquor store that we'd bring back to Rosie's back yard and scarf down while sitting on the sunny grass. It was also the perfect place to ride our bikes super-fast back and forth without having to worry about cars hitting us.
One day we were throwing gravel from the alley onto the street (who knows why?) and didn't see a car coming by, so it got pelted with gravel. The car screeched to a stop and we knew right away that we'd get in big trouble so we scrambled out of the alley and into Rosie's back yard, hiding along the inside of the fence, The car's driver ran into the alley screaming bloody murder but he didn't find us there, right on the other side of the fence, hidden and shaking with fear. He walked away just in time for Rosie to come out and start smacking us because she knew EXACTLY what had happened.
Yes, we got in trouble.... lots of spankings and indoor quiet time, no playing allowed.
Leaving South El Monte
Soon enough, Mom lost custody of us, so we left Mom and South El Monte to live with Aunt Peggy and Uncle Tony in La Puente.
Based on conversations I've had with Mom (R.I.P.) and Dad, Mom was taken to court and found to be an unfit Mother, so custody was awarded to Dad. Since Dad didn't have a place of his own yet, it was decided me and Chuck would live with Peggy and Tony until Dad's situation became more stable. We lived with them for several years until we moved into our Grandma Silva's La Puente house where Dad had landed.
It wasn't until years later that I learned Grandma Silva was in fact my Grandpa's Mother-in-law, and not really my Grandma at all. Mexican families are weird.
I have very fond memories of living with Peggy and Tony, and of the many wonderful things that Peggy did and the care and love she showed us. There were also things that happened in that house which were awful and terrible and should never have taken place. I've dealt with those awful and terrible things and have cast them aside, but I'm not sure if Chuck (R.I.P.) was able to do the same because I'm certain those same awful and terrible things happened to him as well.
So it goes.
Why This Matters
Childhood stories like these aren't rare and I'm unsure how many people either can't, don't or won't recall them with the same kind of intensity that I do.
These early memories are seared into my brain and are the very first events that had an impact on my young self. I knew me and Boss would get in trouble for torching that spider. I knew I wasn't supposed to see Mom naked with some strange guy. I knew I wasn't supposed to throw rocks at cars.
I also knew what happened to me at Peggy and Tony's house wasn't right.
I don't know how I knew, but I knew.
All of these things were original building blocks of me, and I'm glad I haven't shed them from my soft hard drive. They are reflecting windows into my soul, my past, the beginnings of ME. The bad and good that happened helped write the earliest chapters in my life's novel, just like my fractured youth and horrific first marriage and blissful second marriage have generated a lot of content for chapters that followed.
We write our own novels every single day. Our minds may do a bit of strategic editing which allows us to avoid the hurtful or troubled paragraphs and chapters, but editing too much out can leave a stilted narrative that is without continuity or context.
On the other hand, obsessing over and/or refusing to deal with the worst paragraphs or chapters, especially the ones that happen in our youth, can send us into a tailspin of regret, anxiety and dysfunction which can have a lasting negative impact on our lives. If you've ever seen an episode of 'Intervention', you know what I mean.
Like every good novel, sometimes the story line can be exhilarating or boring, captivating or repulsive, a page-turning barn-burner or an exercise in tedium and banality. The secret is to write your own story... push the narrative you want... change the context if it doesn't work for you.
Your novel is your life. Learn from the bad parts and revel in the good parts.
I wonder how many people have these kinds of early rooty-root memories floating in their cranial ether, or can close their eyes and watch that grainy 8mm film run in their head. Until I started to write this essay, that's where the memories lived, always slightly other-worldly... out of reach. Now they exist in the here and now, and I'm finally able to make them real.
Keep reading... keep writing... keep remembering. I know I will.
Lead image, gracias de google images; Rosie and The Originals 'Angel Baby' and Santo & Johnny 'Sleepwalk' videos, muchismas gracias de youtube; P13 por vida. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9812695384025574}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '86631', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5QWFGCL4LQPRGFVZUYTC3Q3A7UZFSUUA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:08abc913-b1bd-41dc-9b02-5feba9cb8a2e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 2, 45, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.7.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6J5F2D2YYZPSO26DB6BWUVYVRILHJBYT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9c722637-490c-4ee2-ada9-aa903a93998a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://gortnation.blogspot.com/2019/05/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b17b925e-732d-4cca-b30c-ca8cdd3c7939>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2466', 'url': 'http://gortnation.blogspot.com/2019/05/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-223.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08482164144515991', 'original_id': 'c563ce15d24863bdb8045d9efc42567f85eedb50c56cdde4648019adb9fa3043'} |
7.14. Typed Holes
Typed hole support is enabled with the option
-fwarn-typed-holes, which is enabled by default.
This option allows special placeholders, written with a leading underscore (e.g. "_",
"_foo", "_bar"), to be used as an expression.
During compilation these holes will generate an error message describing what type is expected there,
information about the origin of any free type variables, and a list of local bindings
that might help fill the hole with actual code.
The goal of the typed holes warning is not to change the type system, but to help with writing Haskell
code. Typed holes can be used to obtain extra information from the type checker, which might otherwise be hard
to get.
Normally, using GHCi, users can inspect the (inferred) type signatures of all top-level bindings.
However, this method is less convenient with terms which are not defined on top-level or
inside complex expressions. Holes allow to check the type of the term you're about to write.
Holes work together well with deferring type errors to runtime:
with -fdefer-type-errors, the error from a hole is also deferred, effctively making the hole
typecheck just like undefined, but with the added benefit that it will show its warning message
if it gets evaluated. This way, other parts of the code can still be executed and tested.
For example, compiling the following module with GHC:
f :: a -> a
f x = _
will fail with the following error:
hole.hs:2:7:
Found hole `_' with type: a
Where: `a' is a rigid type variable bound by
the type signature for f :: a -> a at hole.hs:1:6
Relevant bindings include
f :: a -> a (bound at hole.hs:2:1)
x :: a (bound at hole.hs:2:3)
In the expression: _
In an equation for `f': f x = _
Multiple typed holes can be used to find common type variables between expressions. For example:
sum :: [Int] -> Int
sum xs = foldr _f _z xs
Shows:
holes.hs:2:15:
Found hole `_f' with type: Int -> Int -> Int
In the first argument of `foldr', namely `_'
In the expression: foldr _a _b _c
In an equation for `sum': sum x = foldr _a _b _c
holes.hs:2:17:
Found hole `_z' with type: Int
In the second argument of `foldr', namely `_'
In the expression: foldr _a _b _c
In an equation for `sum': sum x = foldr _a _b _c
Unbound identifiers with the same name are never unified, even within the same function, but always printed individually.
For example:
cons = _x : _x
results in the following errors:
unbound.hs:1:8:
Found hole '_x' with type: a
Where: `a' is a rigid type variable bound by
the inferred type of cons :: [a] at unbound.hs:1:1
Relevant bindings include cons :: [a] (bound at unbound.hs:1:1)
In the first argument of `(:)', namely `_x'
In the expression: _x : _x
In an equation for `cons': cons = _x : _x
unbound.hs:1:13:
Found hole '_x' with type: [a]
Arising from: an undeclared identifier `_x' at unbound.hs:1:13-14
Where: `a' is a rigid type variable bound by
the inferred type of cons :: [a] at unbound.hs:1:1
Relevant bindings include cons :: [a] (bound at unbound.hs:1:1)
In the second argument of `(:)', namely `_x'
In the expression: _x : _x
In an equation for `cons': cons = _x : _x
This ensures that an unbound identifier is never reported with a too polymorphic type, like
forall a. a, when used multiple times for types that can not be unified. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '244bfe762698087f4aebfdfb158f76303dc1c060da5b8fa50080e9dd84ae3ce3'} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-22-01522}
===============
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), which are organic luminescent materials made of small molecules and polymers, have been widely used in next-generation high quality flat-panel displays and solid-lighting applications \[[@B1-molecules-22-01522]\]. The operating principle of OLEDs is associated with electron-transporting (ETL) and hole-transporting layers (HTL), the interface of which functions as a site for the recombination and light emission processes depicted in [Figure 1](#molecules-22-01522-f001){ref-type="fig"}a together with typical device configuration in [Figure 1](#molecules-22-01522-f001){ref-type="fig"}b. High fluorescence quantum yields of luminous materials in the solid state, HOMO--LUMO energy levels, good electron and hole transport behaviours, film-forming properties, good thermal and oxidative stabilities, and outstanding colour purities are inevitable parameters for the construction of promising OLED devices \[[@B2-molecules-22-01522]\]. In general, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is the most direct parameter to define the device efficiency of OLEDs. Although, conventional OLEDs containing triarylborane-based materials as emitting layers have demonstrated low EQEs, their incorporation into OLEDs provided potential applications as efficient electron transporters \[[@B3-molecules-22-01522],[@B4-molecules-22-01522]\] and electroluminescent (EL) layers \[[@B5-molecules-22-01522],[@B6-molecules-22-01522],[@B7-molecules-22-01522]\]. Recently, EQEs, recorded for several devices containing new triarylboranes, have achieved the highest values up to 22.8% for green emission through the newly explored thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) process \[[@B8-molecules-22-01522],[@B9-molecules-22-01522],[@B10-molecules-22-01522],[@B11-molecules-22-01522],[@B12-molecules-22-01522]\].
Triarylborane-based conjugated luminescent compounds have potential applications as important building blocks in material chemistry due to their excellent photophysical and electrochemical properties. They possess a trigonal planar sp^2^-hybridized trivalent boron atom with a vacant p orbital in the electronic ground state \[[@B13-molecules-22-01522]\]. Thus, as triarylborane has an inherently electron deficient property, it is used as an electron acceptor and a Lewis acid in donor (D)--acceptor (A) organic π-conjugated systems. The steric hindrance around the boron centre, generated by the bulky groups, was proved several decades ago to be a useful way to prepare air-stable triarylboranes \[[@B13-molecules-22-01522]\]. These compounds with broad π-conjugate systems render p~π~-π\* conjugation effectively ([Figure 2](#molecules-22-01522-f002){ref-type="fig"}), which can be verified by their characteristic absorption and high emission properties \[[@B13-molecules-22-01522]\]. Numerous interesting and highly functional triarylborane-based organic materials have been developed, including those with boron units as pendants \[[@B14-molecules-22-01522],[@B15-molecules-22-01522],[@B16-molecules-22-01522],[@B17-molecules-22-01522],[@B18-molecules-22-01522]\] and in the main chain \[[@B19-molecules-22-01522]\] of extended and conjugated materials. As a result of their photophysical properties, triarylborane-containing materials have been synthesized as promising units in diverse applications such as luminescent \[[@B20-molecules-22-01522],[@B21-molecules-22-01522]\], electron-transporting \[[@B22-molecules-22-01522],[@B23-molecules-22-01522]\], nonlinear optical and two-photon absorption materials \[[@B24-molecules-22-01522],[@B25-molecules-22-01522]\] and anion sensors \[[@B26-molecules-22-01522],[@B27-molecules-22-01522]\].
Furthermore, triarylboranes are highly luminescent materials in the solid state and they demonstrate electrochemically reversible one-electron reduction processes. In addition, their relatively lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are a unique property \[[@B28-molecules-22-01522],[@B29-molecules-22-01522],[@B30-molecules-22-01522]\]. Thus, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of boron-based conjugated compounds are tunable with electron donor groups. When accompanied by electron donor units such as amines and carbazoles, the electron-accepting ability of boron centre is recognized to lead to low energy intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition bands upon photo-excitation, resulting in excellent solvatochromic fluorescence emissions \[[@B31-molecules-22-01522]\]. Therefore, they have been investigated as highly efficient electron transporting and emissive materials in OLED devices \[[@B16-molecules-22-01522],[@B32-molecules-22-01522],[@B33-molecules-22-01522],[@B34-molecules-22-01522],[@B35-molecules-22-01522]\]. Later, various research groups have reported a wide range of interesting electronic and optical properties of triarylborane possessing compounds and polymers \[[@B36-molecules-22-01522]\]. Their applications in electronic and optical materials have expanded very rapidly over the last two decades \[[@B14-molecules-22-01522],[@B15-molecules-22-01522],[@B16-molecules-22-01522],[@B36-molecules-22-01522],[@B37-molecules-22-01522]\]. In this review, we focus on triarylboranes as strong π-acceptors in D--A systems in terms of stability, structure-property relationship and high quantum efficiency in the solid state to realize potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
2. Triarylborane-Based Small Molecules/Oligomers {#sec2-molecules-22-01522}
================================================
Small organoborane molecules have recently admitted increasing attention in optoelectronic devices as they have advantages such as easy synthesis and purification, flexible chemical modification and alternative film-forming process compared to polymer materials. Triarylboranes have been widely used as strong electron acceptors in D--A type materials for functional applications in optoelectronic devices. The presence of an inner strong electron donor group in such conjugated compounds produces extended LUMO over the whole molecule during the p~π~-π\* conjugation and thus, crucially decreases its LUMO level, while much less effect was observed for HOMO \[[@B38-molecules-22-01522],[@B39-molecules-22-01522],[@B40-molecules-22-01522]\]. Consequently, the decrease in LUMO energy influences the HOMO--LUMO gap and thus the absorption and emission properties of the compounds, providing boron-based π-conjugated systems with better electron acceptor quality \[[@B41-molecules-22-01522]\]. Moreover, their high HOMO and low LUMO levels can enhance the carrier-injecting properties, improving the device performance. Therefore, smaller HOMO--LUMO gaps may lead to red/near infrared (NIR) emissive materials, which are rare for triarylborane-based compounds, particularly in the solid state \[[@B16-molecules-22-01522],[@B42-molecules-22-01522],[@B43-molecules-22-01522],[@B44-molecules-22-01522]\]. Furthermore, triarylborane based D--A type molecules possess great electronic dipoles, which support hole--electron charge transfer depending on excitation \[[@B45-molecules-22-01522],[@B46-molecules-22-01522]\].
Several design strategies have been developed to understand how substituents in π-conjugated frameworks alter intrinsic properties, such as emission band, electron affinity, ionization potential, multiplicity of the emitting state and spatial arrangements of individual molecules in bulk \[[@B47-molecules-22-01522]\]. Their presence in typical designs involve three structural basis: (1) essential fragment of π-conjugated systems in the main chain; (2) terminator located either at one terminal (D--π--A) or at both terminals (A--π--D--π--A) in π-conjugated systems; (3) pendant connected to the π-conjugated framework ([Figure 3](#molecules-22-01522-f003){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B15-molecules-22-01522],[@B37-molecules-22-01522],[@B47-molecules-22-01522],[@B48-molecules-22-01522]\].
2.1. Triarylborane-Based Conjugated Systems Having Boron in the Main Chain or as A Terminator {#sec2dot1-molecules-22-01522}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The empty p-orbital of boron can enable efficient electronic delocalization with linked π-conjugated units. Therefore, borane-functionalization approaches usually supply molecules with important ICT character due to the effective electronic coupling between the empty p-orbital of boron and the π-orbitals of electron donor units. In general, these materials are either symmetric on both sides of the boryl group (A--D--A type) or they are combined with an electron-donating group (D--π--A type), thus, they display strong fluorescence properties with large Stokes shifts. However, most of the linear organoboranes utilize dimesitylboron (Mes~2~B), in which two mesityl substituents are introduced on the trivalent boron centre mainly to provide enough steric protection. The use of A--D--A type conjugated material **1**, possessing triarylborane and bithiophene units, was investigated by Shirota and co-workers, who indicated their potential applications as blue emitters and electron-transport materials in OLEDs ([Figure 4](#molecules-22-01522-f004){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B49-molecules-22-01522]\]. They also reported linear **2** and star-shaped **3** molecules, respectively, containing bi- and tri substituted benzene and, thiophene as π-spacers and dimesitylboron (Mes~2~B) as an electron acceptor unit ([Figure 4](#molecules-22-01522-f004){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B4-molecules-22-01522]\]. These compounds were examined owing to their functional applications as efficient electron transporters emerging from multiple redox properties in electrochemical reduction as well as their thermally stable amorphous behaviours. Especially, the device prepared using compound **3** demonstrated an effective electron-transporting hole blocker property for blue-emitting organic EL devices with a maximum luminance (*L~max~*) of 4130 cd·m^−2^ at a driving voltage of 17 V, a luminous efficiency of 0.48 lm·W^−1^ and an EQE of 0.8% at a luminance of 300 cd·m^−2^. Later, the same group investigated a series of triarylborane-based materials containing duryl groups to function as hole blockers in organic EL devices \[[@B50-molecules-22-01522]\]. These compounds demonstrated reversible reduction peaks with high thermal stabilities and relatively high HOMO and LUMO energy levels. Among these compounds, **4** as a hole blocker, exhibited the highest performance with a *L~max~* of 9100 cd·m^−2^ at a driving voltage of 11 V and EQE of 2.5% in blue emitting OLED devices ([Figure 4](#molecules-22-01522-f004){ref-type="fig"}).
In order to improve the performance of OLED, Shirota's group synthesized triarylborane-based ambipolar D--A type molecules **5**--**8** as new colour-tuned emitting materials for EL applications ([Figure 4](#molecules-22-01522-f004){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B6-molecules-22-01522]\]. Due to their ambipolar characters, they displayed reversible oxidations and reductions in cyclic voltammetry. They emitted greenish-blue, green, yellowish-green, and light yellow in organic EL devices, colours of which were tuned by varying the conjugation length of the central thiophene units. The conventional OLED device, fabricated using **5** as a host material for emissive dopant, exhibited the highest performance with a *L~max~* of 35,740 cd·m^−2^ and luminous efficiency and EQE of 4.3 lm·W^−1^ and 2.1% at a luminance of 300 cd·m^−2^, respectively. Moreover, Yu and co-workers used **5** as both hole-electron transporting and green light-emitting layer for white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) device \[[@B51-molecules-22-01522]\]. A quite pure WOLED with Commission Internationale De L'Eclairage (CIE) values of 0.33 and 0.36, comprising three main colours (blue, green and red) was attained with the optimized device. While a ultrathin red fluorescent material of 3-(dicyanomethylene)-5,5-dimethyl-1-(4-dimethylamino-styryl)cyclohexene (DCDDC) layer was inserted in **5**, a 4,4′-bis(2,20-diphenyvinyl)-1,10-dipenyl (DPVBi) layer was utilized as a blue light emitting layer \[[@B50-molecules-22-01522],[@B51-molecules-22-01522]\]. Also, an OLED device, based on compounds **4** and **7**, emitted white light displaying high performance with a *L~max~* of 16,600 cd·m^−2^ at 11.0 V, luminous efficiency and EQE of 1.2 lm·W^−1^ and 0.90% at a luminance of 300 cd·m^−2^, respectively \[[@B47-molecules-22-01522],[@B48-molecules-22-01522],[@B49-molecules-22-01522]\].
Wang and co-workers reported a series of new D--A type small molecules containing Mes~2~B as an electron acceptor with dipyridylamine and 7-azaindolyl-functional aryl/thienyl as an electron donor unit for OLED applications \[[@B52-molecules-22-01522]\]. Among these compounds, molecules **9** and **10** were used as blue emitters, displaying high fluorescence quantum yields (*Φ~F~*) of 63% and 100% in dichloromethane and strong emission bands at 440 and 469 nm in solid state, respectively ([Figure 5](#molecules-22-01522-f005){ref-type="fig"}). Their optimized OLED devices exhibited moderate performances with maximum brightness of 2566 cd·m^−2^ at 17 V and 1510 cd·m^−2^ at 24 V, respectively. Wang and co-workers synthesized a novel luminescent ambipolar molecule (**11**) containing (1-naphthyl)phenylamino group, which was widely employed as a hole transporting material in OLEDs ([Figure 5](#molecules-22-01522-f005){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B53-molecules-22-01522]\]. Molecule **11** provided a bright blue emission with a maximum at 452 nm and a luminescent quantum yield of 31% (*Φ~F~* = 95% in THF) in solid state and a strong solvatochromic emission behaviour. A triple-layer device fabricated using molecule **11** as an emitting material, which displayed a maximum brightness of 5053 cd·m^−2^ at 12 V with a maximum efficiency of 6.0 cd·A^−1^ at 8 V. Later, for an optimized device based on molecule **11** as an undoped blue emitter, a maximum current, power efficiency and brightness were achieved as high as 3.5 cd·A^−1^, 2.5 lm·W^−1^ and 7000 cd·m^−2^ at 10 V, respectively, and 200 cd·m^−2^ at 4.5 V \[[@B32-molecules-22-01522]\]. Molcules **12**--**14** containing duryl and (1-naphthyl)phenylamino as electron donor units displayed termal stability, high emission quantum efficiency, strongly solvatochromic effect, characteristic D--A intramolecular charge transfer and a highly polarized excited state ([Figure 5](#molecules-22-01522-f005){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B54-molecules-22-01522]\]. Among the optimized devices, the device constructed using compound **14**, which could be used as a hole transporter and a hole injection material, was found to be the most promising one.
The pyridine substituents in compound **15** endow this material with a high triplet energy electron transport property required in blue and deep blue phosphorescent OLED applications ([Figure 5](#molecules-22-01522-f005){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B55-molecules-22-01522]\]. For compound **15**, a high quantum efficiency was recorded owing to suppressed triplet exciton quenching compared to the other electron transport materials in blue phosphorescent OLEDs \[[@B56-molecules-22-01522]\]. The device performances of deep blue phosphorescent OLEDs based on **15** exhibited a maximum current efficiency (η~C,max~) of 60 cd·A^−1^ at a luminance of 500 cd·m^−2^ and high electron mobility of 10^−5^ cm^2^·V^−1^·s^−1^ \[[@B56-molecules-22-01522]\].
Furthermore, linear and star-shaped triarylborane compounds also demonstrated ICT properties. Multi-branched π-conjugated frameworks having large building blocks were used to obtain high emissive organic materials in both solution and solid state. Liu and co-workers investigated fluorescent dipolar \[[@B57-molecules-22-01522]\], quadrupolar \[[@B58-molecules-22-01522]\] and octupolar multi-branched triarylborane moieties as optoelectronic functional materials \[[@B59-molecules-22-01522]\]. Octopolar multi-branched **16** and **17** had terthienobenzene as an electron donor and Mes~2~B as electron an acceptor ([Figure 6](#molecules-22-01522-f006){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B59-molecules-22-01522]\]. These compounds demonstrated strong blue-green emission in common organic solvents as well as good thermal stabilities and relatively high *Φ~F~* of 33% and 40%, respectively, which were considered to be promising materials in optoelectronic applications. Recently, Wang and co-workers reported triarylborane-terminalized branched π-conjugated compounds **18**--**20** containing a truxene core as a large building block ([Figure 6](#molecules-22-01522-f006){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B60-molecules-22-01522]\]. They exhibited blue emissions appearing at 440, 447 and 499 nm with high luminescence quantum efficiencies of 67%, 60% and 43% as thin films, respectively. Also, compounds **19** and **20** showed excellent *Φ~F~* of 79% and 57% in powder form, representing their potential applications as outstanding non-doped luminescent materials.
Triarylborane plays two roles in organic electronic applications, namely: (i) stability enhancement and (ii) providing the material with strong electron acceptor character. The widely used bulky mesityl groups are generally provided to protect them against air, water and most nucleophiles \[[@B16-molecules-22-01522],[@B61-molecules-22-01522],[@B62-molecules-22-01522]\]. Furthermore, several other groups have also been reported to be applied to stabilize tricoordinate boranes, such as 2,4,6-tri-isopropylphenyl (Tip) \[[@B63-molecules-22-01522]\], 2,4,6-tri-*tert*-butylphenyl (Mes\*) \[[@B64-molecules-22-01522]\] and 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl \[[@B65-molecules-22-01522]\]. The use of different bulky units were reported by Jäkle and co-workers, who synthesized a series of oligomers **21**--**24** containing thiophene as electron donor unit with aryl boron as an electron acceptor moiety in the presence of highly bulky 2,4,6-tri-*tert*-butylphenyl (Mes\*) and 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (FMes) groups ([Figure 7](#molecules-22-01522-f007){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B65-molecules-22-01522]\]. These compounds demonstrated resistance against air and moisture, and even against acid and strong bases. Moreover, the strong electron-withdrawing FMes groups of **22** and **24** increase electron acceptor properties of boron atom. Thus, both HOMO and LUMO energy levels of **22** were significantly lowered. Among them, **24** showed only a very weak blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 0.8%, while displaying a slightly better fluorescence with a *Φ~F~* of 1.8% in thin film.
The "push--pull" structures possessing an electron-accepting triarylboron group and an electron-donating amino unit resulted in ICT transitions, which usually provided interesting fluorescence properties with solvatochromic effects. Marder and co-workers introduced a series of compounds containing strong electron-acceptor FMes group into D--π--A systems \[[@B66-molecules-22-01522]\], among which **25** was observed to have the strongest acceptor character, leading to significantly red-shifted emissions in solution and the solid state, stronger emission solvatochromism and notably lower reduction potentials compared to the Mes-substituted derivative **26** ([Figure 7](#molecules-22-01522-f007){ref-type="fig"}). The same group separately reported D--π--A type materials containing triphenylamine (TPA) and 1,1,7,7-tetra-methylijuloidine as electron donor units, bithiophene as a π-bridge spacer and triarylboron substituted mesityl ((Mes)~2~B), 2,6-dimethyl-4-pentafluoropenylbenzene((Pfp)~2~B), 2,6-dimethyl-4-\[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl\]benzene ((Tfp)~2~B) and 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene ((FMes)~2~B) as electron acceptors \[[@B67-molecules-22-01522]\]. Comprehensive photophysical and electrochemical investigations of **27**--**32** indicated that electron-accepting ability increased in the order of (Mes)~2~B \< (Pfp)~2~B ≈ (Tfp)~2~B \<\< (FMes)~2~B ([Figure 7](#molecules-22-01522-f007){ref-type="fig"}). Compounds **27**--**29** showed yellow emissions at 548, 545 and 563 nm in powder form, while **30**--**32** displayed red emission at 646, 635 and 618 nm, and these compounds exhibited *Φ~F~* ranging between 0.46 and 0.05 in solid state, respectively, which were much lower than those recorded in their solutions. They exhibited efficient green to red (*Φ~F~* = 0.80--1.0) emissions depending on the solvent polarity. Also, intense near infrared (NIR) emission was achieved with derivatives **31** and **32**, containing moderately strong acceptors (Pfp)~2~B and (Tfp)~2~B, and a strong donor 1,1,7,7-tetramethylijuloidine units (*Φ~F~* = 0.27--0.48). The above characteristics allowed them to be considered as red emitters and electron transporting materials.
Jäkle and co-workers introduced a series of triarylborane compounds **33**--**36** functionalized with a second electron acceptor, pyridyl\[2,1,3\]thiadiazole ([Figure 7](#molecules-22-01522-f007){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B68-molecules-22-01522]\]. These compounds exhibited high stability and were highly photoluminescence (PL) having emission bands in the range of 495 to 535 nm with *Φ~F~* values between 32% and 52% in solution. They indicated coherent red shift with emission bands appearing between 578 and 622 nm, and compounds **33** and **34** rendered relatively high luminescence quantum yields of 12% and 18% in solid state, respectively. Extension of conjugation in **37**, synthesized via coupling of **33** with 2-hexylthiophene, resulted in higher thermal stability and solubility \[[@B68-molecules-22-01522]\]. Compound **37** demonstrated strong red-emission at 610 nm with high *Φ~F~* of 68%, and an excellent electrochemical reversibility compared to **33**.
Moreover, triarylborane-based compounds have been widely utilized as blue emitting materials, which are essential ingredient for full colour displays due to their high brilliance and obvious colour purities \[[@B42-molecules-22-01522]\]. Although blue OLEDs required the use of a dopant system to improve OLED efficiency, control of the dopant concentration using co-evaporation methods was not an easy task. Thus, this fabrication problem was overcome by the development of high performance blue light-emitting materials, which are suitable for non-doped blue OLEDs. Ambipolar blue light emitting materials with the components of electron-donors (carbazole, etc.) and electron-acceptor such as triarylborane ease exciton formation via stable cation and anion radicals, and improve charge balancing together with EL efficiency in OLEDs \[[@B5-molecules-22-01522],[@B6-molecules-22-01522],[@B69-molecules-22-01522]\]. Carbazoles are known to produce short wavelength absorption and emission spectra due to their weak electron donor character with respect to other amino-donors \[[@B70-molecules-22-01522]\]. Therefore, Jeng and co-workers synthesized ambipolar fluorophores **38**--**41** containing carbazole as electron donor, different π-spacer groups and Mes~2~B for potential applications in highly efficient non-doped blue OLEDs ([Figure 8](#molecules-22-01522-f008){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B71-molecules-22-01522]\]. Compounds **38**--**41** displayed deep-blue to greenish-blue PL spectra with emission peaks at 403, 443, 470 and 503 nm, respectively, among which **39** and **40** had lower LUMO energy levels and blue photoluminescent solid state quantum yields as high as 54% and 51%, respectively. While the OLED based on **39** was a deep-blue with the CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.09), EQE of 4.3% and maximum brightness of 5350 cd·m^−2^, the device fabricated using **40** demonstrated blue EL with the CIE coordinates of (0.13, 0.21), higher EQE of 6.9% and maximum brightness of 28,300 cd·m^−2^. This state can be rationalized by their relatively high solid state *Φ~F~* of **39** and **40**, which are also crucial to achieve high EQEs. Moreover, the ideal arrangement of HOMO--LUMO energy levels in devices also contributes significantly.
A new A--D--π--D--A type fluorescent material **42**, bearing carbazole units as electron donors and Mes~2~B units as electron acceptors was synthesized by Shi and co-workers ([Figure 8](#molecules-22-01522-f008){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B72-molecules-22-01522]\], and demonstrated a high oxidative stability, strong fluorescence solvatochromism properties and a high *Φ~F~* of 0.81 (in *n*-hexane), thereby, exhibiting promising potential applications in OLEDs. The same group reported a new linear material **43**, prepared by linking triarylborane to both terminals of indolo\[3,2-*b*\]carbazole (ICZ). Its large planar and rigid conjugated structure was expected to improve the efficiency and stability in OLED application ([Figure 8](#molecules-22-01522-f008){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B73-molecules-22-01522]\]. It displayed a blue emission band at 452 nm and a high *Φ~F~* of 0.76 in solution as well as excellent thermal and electrochemical stabilities. The OLED device constructed using **43** as an emitting material exhibited pure blue emissions at different voltages and relatively good EL performances with a turn-on voltage (V~on~) of 3.6 V and a maximum luminance efficiency (η~L,max~) of 1.67 cd·A^−1^ and a *L*~max~ of 5342 cd·m^−2^. The same group separately synthesized a new fluorescent ambipolar material **44**, containing Mes~2~B and phenylcarbazole moieties ([Figure 8](#molecules-22-01522-f008){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B74-molecules-22-01522]\], which exhibited blue emission of luminescence maximum wavelength at 480 nm with excellent thermal and electrochemical stabilities as well as aggregation induced emission (AIE) property \[[@B75-molecules-22-01522]\]. Moreover a multi-layer device based on **44** demonstrated good EL performances with V~on~ of 3.8 V, η~L,max~ of 3.25 cd·A^−1^ and *L*~max~ of 2784 cd·m^−2^ with blue CIE coordinates (0.23, 0.35) in non-doped OLED. Shi et al. reported branched and star-shaped materials **45** and **46**, containing two and four Mes~2~B substituents and planar ICZ core unit, respectively ([Figure 8](#molecules-22-01522-f008){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B76-molecules-22-01522]\]. These compounds showed high *Φ~F~*, strong ICT, good electrochemical and electron transporting properties. The OLED device based on **45** exhibited blue emission (λ~EL~ = 472 nm) with a V~on~ of 6.1 V, *L~max~* of 5634 cd·m^−2^ and η~L,max~ of 2.96 cd·A^−1^, whereas the device using **46** demonstrated electroluminescence emission peak appearing at 8 nm shorter compared to **45** (464 nm) with V~on~ of 3.6 V, *L~max~* 2036 cd·m^−2^ and η~L,max~ of 2.88 cd·A^−1^.
Fluorene has also been employed to construct boron-based emitting materials. A fluorene-bridged compound with a fused ring system greatly enhanced the thermal stability and charge-transporting capability of the material \[[@B77-molecules-22-01522]\]. Zhao and co-workers realized asymmetrical ambipolar material **47** by linking α-naphthylamino and triarylborane groups via a fluorene bridge ([Figure 9](#molecules-22-01522-f009){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B77-molecules-22-01522]\], five fabricated devices of which exhibited blue to green emissions between 456 and 528 nm as multifunctional compound in OLED applications. A four layer device of **47** indicated a better performance with *η*~C,max~ of 5.03 cd·A^−1^ and blue emission with CIE of (0.19, 0.31) compared to other device applications. The properties of the devices indicated that **47** as a multifunctional optoelectronic material can be utilized as a blue emitter and hole- and electron-transporting material. Xu et al. reported **48** and **49**, possessing fluorene derivatives and Mes~2~B as deep blue emitting materials ([Figure 9](#molecules-22-01522-f009){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B78-molecules-22-01522]\]. They showed deep blue emission peak at \~430 nm with excellent *Φ~F~* of up to 94% as thin film and low-lying LUMO energy levels, which indicated their excellent properties allowing them to be used as both emitter and electron transporting materials. The optimized device based on **48** achieved efficient deep blue performance with EL maximum at 432 nm (CIE = 0.179, 0.128), *L~max~* of 10,320 cd·m^−2^ and η~C,max~ of 3.4 cd·A^−1^ compared to the *η*~C,max~ of 2.7% recorded from the device with **49**. These results indicated them as deep blue fluorescent emitters with good electron-transporting abilities arisen from the presence of a strong Mes~2~B acceptor.
Tetraphenylethene (TPE), used to enhance the emission of materials upon formation of aggregates, functioning according to AIE \[[@B75-molecules-22-01522]\], was utilized as a part of functional materials in OLED applications due to improved solid state emission efficiency and a high hole transporting ability. Yuan et al. synthesized highly fluorescent material **50** containing TPE unit and Mes~2~B group, displaying notable EL performance, high thermal stability, AIE activity with a solid state emission efficiency of 100% and good electron-transport property ([Figure 9](#molecules-22-01522-f009){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B21-molecules-22-01522]\]. A non-doped EL device constructed using **50** exhibited new bluish-green emission with *η*~C,max~ of 7.13 cd·A^−1^ and EQE of 2.7%. Chen et al. reported A--π--D--π--A type luminescent symmetrical materials **51**--**53**, possessing TPE as π-conjugated bridge substituted by two Mes~2~B terminal groups ([Figure 9](#molecules-22-01522-f009){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B79-molecules-22-01522]\]. All the materials had AIE features and highly fluorescent quantum yields of 81--86% as solid films. According to the electron deficient nature of the boron atom and very low LUMO energy levels of **51**--**53**, they were used as both good electron transporting and high light emitting layers in OLED devices. The A non-doped OLED device based on **51** exhibited the best device performance with *η~C,max~* of 13.5 cd·A^−1^ and EQE of 4.6%, while **52** and **53** based devices showed moderate EL efficiency of 5.1 cd·A^−1^ and EQE of 2% and 2.6%, respectively.
Tang and co-workers comprehensively investigated a series of novel star-shaped bipolar emitters **54** and **55**, containing TPE as an AIE active unit with different proportions of TPA as a donor and Mes~2~B as an acceptor groups ([Figure 9](#molecules-22-01522-f009){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B80-molecules-22-01522]\]. Their dim *Φ~F~* of 2.8--4.5% in solution increased up to 91--95% in solid state, indicating AIE characteristics. Owing to their good solution-process film-forming abilities, devices containing AIE materials were constructed for non-doped OLED applications. A device fabricated with **54** demonstrated the best efficiency with *L~max~* of 11,665 cd·m^−2^, *η~C,max~* of 8.3 cd·A^−1^, EQE of 2.6% with CIE at 0.37, 0.54, whereas compound **55** based EL device gave green emission of CIE at 0.35, 0.53 with η~C,max~ of 6.3 cd·A^−1^. The same group reported AIE-active materials **56** and **57** bearing TPE with fluorenyl group and Mes~2~B moiety ([Figure 9](#molecules-22-01522-f009){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B81-molecules-22-01522]\]. The combination of a fluorenyl group with a Mes~2~B unit displayed significantly augmented molecular thermal stabilities and excellent solid state emission efficiencies, as a result of lower LUMO energy levels. The multilayer non-doped OLED device based on **57** as a light-emitting layer achieved high EL performance as a sky-blue emitter with η~C,max~ of 12.2 cd·A^−1^ and EQE of 5.3%, ultrahigh brightness of 92,810 cd·m^−2^ and low efficiency roll-off of 11.0 cd·A^−1^ at 1000 cd·m^−2^. These results pointed out that TPE-functionalized triarylborane materials could be considered to be crucial important for the commercial applications of OLEDs.
Choi's group reported luminescent material **58** bearing a TPE unit connected to a carbazole core as a hole transporting unit and Mes~2~B as electron transporting group to develop the blue light-emitting material ([Figure 9](#molecules-22-01522-f009){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B82-molecules-22-01522]\]. Compound **58** was indicated to be a promising emitting material for non-doped EL devices, owing to its excellent thermal, electrochemical and charge-transporting properties. Its OLED device furnished pure blue emission appearing at 464 nm with CIE coordinates of (0.18, 0.21), *L*~max~ of 4624 cd·m^−2^ and *η~C,max~* of 4.28 cd·A^−1^. Thilagar's groups reported new polyaromatic aminoboranes **59** and **60** containing substituted one or two Mes~2~B units ([Figure 9](#molecules-22-01522-f009){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B83-molecules-22-01522]\]. These compounds exhibited pure blue emissions with AIE enhancement (AIEE) features in solid state, rendering to be used as promising materials for potential applications in blue OLEDs.
Fused thiophene units are one of the most popular building blocks utilized in organic π-conjugated materials \[[@B84-molecules-22-01522],[@B85-molecules-22-01522],[@B86-molecules-22-01522]\]. The first potential application in OLEDs was achieved using dithienothiophene (DTT) as an electron donor with triarylborane terminal groups (**61**) in 2005 by Mazzeo et al. ([Figure 10](#molecules-22-01522-f010){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B87-molecules-22-01522]\]. The superposition of the intrinsic blue-green light emission (λ~em~ = 480 nm) with an additional narrow red-shifted emission at 680 nm in solid state provided white EL property. Due to the potential effect on the lighting industry and backlight applications, white-light emission generated from organic compounds has been the subject of growing interest. A low-energy peak at 680 nm in EL spectrum was more intense than in PL spectrum, showing that a more effective population in aggregation state happened upon electrical injection. A bright single-layer white OLEDs by spin-coating a single emitting material **61** exhibited a clear white-light emission with CIE coordinates of 0.31, 0.42 with a *L*~max~ of 3800 cd·m^−2^ and EQE of 0.35%, opening new avenue for the construction of low-cost single-active material white OLEDs. Replacement of DTT with 2,5-dithienyl substituted thieno\[3,2-*b*\]thiophene (TT) and thieno\[2,3-*b*\]thiophene in **61** was realized by Turkoglu et al. who reported *Φ~F~* of 38% and 53% in THF as green and blue emitters, respectively \[[@B86-molecules-22-01522]\]. Recently, Ozturk and co-workers comprehensively investigated D--A and D--A--D type small materials **62** and **63** bearing electron donor TPA linked through a methoxyphenyl substituted TT π-conjugated spacer with triarylborane for OLED applications ([Figure 10](#molecules-22-01522-f010){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B88-molecules-22-01522]\]. Both compounds showed high *Φ~F~* of 46% and 68% in THF, and their PL quantum yields were recorded up to 42% in solid state. Furthermore, they demonstrated strong positive solvatochromisim consistent with an ICT transition over a B/N D--π--A system. The OLED device based on **62** as an emissive material exhibited a bright green emission (λ~EL~ = 500 nm) with CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.51) and a luminous efficiency of 0.40 cd·A^−1^ with EQE of 0.15%. Also the device constructed using **63** doped with **62** showed a yellowish-green emission at 534 nm, and exhibited more efficient device performance with η~L,max~ of 0.45 cd·A^−1^, compared to its non-doped device.
Moreover, boron is also used as a dopant as it forms electron poor and easily reducible π-electron systems. In addition, polycyclic aromatic compounds with boron, generally demonstrating bright luminescence, are the most important scaffolds for organic optoelectronic materials \[[@B89-molecules-22-01522],[@B90-molecules-22-01522],[@B91-molecules-22-01522]\]. To indicate the potential of planar boranes to be utilized as building blocks as electron-transporting materials in OLEDs, Yamaguchi and co-workers reported π-extended planar triphenylboranes connected via thiophene and bithiophene as a π-conjugated spacer in **64** and **65** ([Figure 10](#molecules-22-01522-f010){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B89-molecules-22-01522]\]. Compound **64** exhibited a blue emission appearing at 441 nm with high *Φ~F~* of 92% in solution and showed bathochromic shift with λ~em~ of 471 nm in solid state as well as excellent electrochemical properties, whereas **65** gave greenish fluorescence emission with λ~em~ of 482 nm (*Φ~F~* = 25%) and a green luminescence peak at 531 nm in solid state due to extension of π-conjugation on account of bithiophene unit. The OLED devices having these compounds as electron-transporting materials were successfully fabricated by a vacuum vapour deposition technique.
Organic EL materials are regularly categorized into fluorescent and phosphorescent materials depending on their luminescence mechanisms. Phosphorescent materials have become popular as OLED materials alternative to fluorescent compounds due to their excellent light-emitting performances \[[@B92-molecules-22-01522]\]. Recently, ambipolar molecules containing electron donors such as carbazole, arylamine and electron acceptors such as triarylboranes have appeared as attractive materials for organic EL phosphorescent devices as a result of their excellent luminescent, hole-transporting and electron transporting properties. Lin et al. reported a new ambipolar host material **66** having two Mes~2~B and carbazole core units for phosphorescent OLED applications ([Figure 11](#molecules-22-01522-f011){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B93-molecules-22-01522]\]. This compound exhibited high EQEs of 20.7% for red, 20.0% for green, 16.5% for blue, and 15.7% for white emissions. Later, Shi and co-workers connected a Mes~2~B group symmetrically to a phenylcarbazole at the *para* position in molecule **66** to obtain new star-shaped host material **67**, which demonstrated excellent thermal and electrochemical stabilities, high *Φ~F~* of 0.95 (in THF) and high triplet energy (2.83 eV) ([Figure 11](#molecules-22-01522-f011){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B94-molecules-22-01522]\]. Various colours of phosphorescent OLED devices constructed using **67** exhibited a maximum brightness of *η~C,max~* of 12,337 cd·m^−2^ and 11.04 cd·A^−1^ for red, 26,473 cd·m^−2^ and 38.60 cd·A^−1^ for green and 7622 cd·m^−2^ and 7.39 cd·A^−1^ for blue at different voltages. As a result, it demonstrated great potential in generating phosphorescent OLED devices for display and lighting applications.
Recently, Jang et al. developed two structural comparable isomers of diarylboron-substituted phenylcarbazole as ambipolar host materials **68** and **69** to examine their green phosphorescent OLED performances ([Figure 11](#molecules-22-01522-f011){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B95-molecules-22-01522]\]. Surprisingly, their HOMO and LUMO levels were found to be appropriate for hole and electron injections, which supplied high hole and electron current densities with better charge transport properties. Moreover, the triplet energies of **68** and **69** were calculated as 2.88 eV and 2.72 eV, indicating their potential use as host materials in green phosphorescent OLEDs. While the device based on **69** exhibited better performance with EQE of 23.8% with a green colour coordinate of (0.30, 0.63), the device with **68** did not render a better excellent outcome but only EQE of 6.5% at 1000 cd·m^−2^.
In recent years, TADF materials have also received much attention as highly efficient emitters for OLEDs with high EQEs \[[@B8-molecules-22-01522],[@B96-molecules-22-01522]\]. TADF emitters, generally containing D--A type systems, work based on reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) involving conversion of the lowest triplet excited state (T~1~) to the lowest singlet excited state (S~1~) by thermal activation \[[@B8-molecules-22-01522],[@B94-molecules-22-01522],[@B97-molecules-22-01522]\]. The most important requirement for TADF emission is a very small singlet-triplet energy gap (Δ*E*~ST~) which promotes RISC \[[@B10-molecules-22-01522],[@B95-molecules-22-01522],[@B98-molecules-22-01522]\]. There are only few reports about the investigation on triarylborane-based TADF materials due to the newly expanding area of TADF \[[@B8-molecules-22-01522],[@B9-molecules-22-01522],[@B99-molecules-22-01522]\]. Some of them are briefly discussed here. Kaji and co-workers reported triarylborane-based TADF emitters **70**--**72**, having electron-acceptor trimesityl-boron derivatives and various amine-based electron donor units ([Figure 12](#molecules-22-01522-f012){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B10-molecules-22-01522]\]. All the compounds had low Δ*E*~ST~ values of 8.0, 21 and 19 meV, respectively, achieving high PL quantum yields. Doped OLED using **71** as an emitter showed a sky-blue emission with EQE of 21.6%, which is one of the highest values for a TADF-based blue OLEDs. Surprisingly, the OLED device with **70** as an emitter dopant exhibited green emission with CIE coordinates of 0.22, 0.55 and EQE of 22.8%, which is the highest value for an OLED with a triarylborane-based emitter to date. Kitamoto et al. reported new D--A materials **73** and **74** containing 9,9-dimethylacridane and phenoxazine as electron-donating units linked to dimesitylphenylborane as an electron-acceptor, which OLED devices exhibited TADF characteristics ([Figure 12](#molecules-22-01522-f012){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B100-molecules-22-01522]\]. Their Δ*E*~ST~ values were estimated to be 41 and 33 meV, and their PL quantum yields were recorded to be 89% and 87% in toluene, respectively. The OLED devices using **73** and **74** exhibited light blue with EQE of 16.0% for **73** and green emission with EQE of 17.3% for **74**. The same group replaced sp^3^ carbon with silicon atom to obtain **75**, which showed pure blue emission with a peak wavelength of 462 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.14, 0.15) ([Figure 12](#molecules-22-01522-f012){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B101-molecules-22-01522]\]. **75** showed pure blue emission with a peak wavelength of 462 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.14, 0.15). It demonstrated a relatively low *ΔE*~ST~ value of 57 meV with high PL quantum yield of 81%.
Yang and co-workers prepared a series of new triarylborane-based compounds **76**--**78** composed of a phenoxazine electron donor with a boron acceptor, which were linked via a highly sterically hindered duryl groups ([Figure 12](#molecules-22-01522-f012){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B102-molecules-22-01522]\]. Interestingly, all the compounds presented small Δ*E*~ST~ (120 meV, 50 meV, and 10 meV) and high PL quantum yields up to 95%. The best solution processed OLED device using **78** reached efficient green emission with *η~C,max~* of 41.5 cd·A^−1^, power efficiency of 32.6 lm·W^−1^ and EQE of 13.9%, which are among the highest for the solution processed OLEDs, assembled using boron-containing emitters. Furthermore, the devices based on **76** and **77** demonstrated bluish-green emissions at 480 and 496 nm with EQEs of 1.0% and 8.9%, respectively.
2.2. Triarylborane-Based Conjugated Systems Possessing Boron Pendant in the Side Chain {#sec2dot2-molecules-22-01522}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Small and oligomer molecules containing triarylborane moieties as pendants were expected to be an alternative approach that would exhibit different chemical and electronic properties \[[@B15-molecules-22-01522]\]. These structures present an alternative pathway for electronic coupling between the empty p-orbital of the boron centre in the side chain and the π-orbitals of the main-chain. The achievement of this molecular design was recognized with two different effects of side chain arylboryl groups, namely, the steric bulkiness and an electron-accepting ability \[[@B16-molecules-22-01522],[@B44-molecules-22-01522],[@B46-molecules-22-01522],[@B103-molecules-22-01522],[@B104-molecules-22-01522]\]. While the first one suppresses the intermolecular interactions, the second one brings about a large Stokes shift as a result of ICT transitions, and thus, results in efficient solid state emission \[[@B16-molecules-22-01522],[@B104-molecules-22-01522]\]. Consequently, lateral triaryl-borane-based π-systems were realized with both high solid-state fluorescence efficiency and large Stokes shift for potential applications in OLEDs.
In 2006, Yamaguchi and co-workers reported new D--A--D type quadrupolar molecules 79--81, containing two Mes~2~B pendants, oligo(phenyleneethynylene) (OPE) and oligo-(phenylenevinylene) (OPV) core units, and amino groups as electron-donors ([Figure 13](#molecules-22-01522-f013){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B44-molecules-22-01522]\]. These materials showed stability against air and water as well as thermal. Compound 79 exhibited large Stokes shift (Δν = 4491 cm^−1^ in cyclohexane) and strong positive fluorescence solvatochromism from 536 nm in cyclohexane to 601 nm in THF and 627 nm in methanol as a result of the intense ICT transition. Compounds 79--81 demonstrated green to reddish orange emission wavelengths of 562, 504 and 596 nm with *Φ~F~* of 0.90, 0.85 and 0.73 as solid state films, confirming that these structures were effective in suppressing the intermolecular interactions in solid state. As a result, they can be applied in optoelectronics as functional emissive materials with the intense solid state fluorescence properties.
Yamaguchi and co-workers investigated a series of 3-boryl-2,2′-bithiophene-based π-conjugated materials 82--87, containing different electron donating groups as new highly emissive systems ([Figure 14](#molecules-22-01522-f014){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B16-molecules-22-01522]\]. These materials achieved not only intense solid-state emissions, but also full colour emissions covering a wide range from blue (477 nm for 82) to deep red (660 nm for 87). In addition, all the compounds exhibited large Stokes shifts and efficient solid state emissions by ICT transitions from thiophene moiety to the boron pendant.
To achieve an intense solid-state emission, Zhao and co-workers designed a new family of *p*-quaterphenyls 88--90, laterally substituted with bulky electron-deficient Mes~2~B groups ([Figure 15](#molecules-22-01522-f015){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B105-molecules-22-01522]\]. The *p*-quaterpheyl backbone displayed very limited conjugation, which was expected to hinder the red shift, so thus, they provided in blue light area with emission maxima wavelengths ranging from 446 to 473 nm. In addition, all the lateral boryl substituted *p*-quaterphenyl derivatives indicated an intense fluorescence in spin-coated films with excellent *Φ~F~* of 0.99 for 88, 0.83 for 89 and 0.99 for 90 due to their absence of the intermolecular interaction in solid state as well as a large Stokes shift induced by the ICT transition. In particular, compounds 89 and 90, containing carbazole and TPA groups on a π-conjugated framework, could be employed as promising ambipolar transporting blue emitters in OLED applications, owing to their high thermal stabilities, good oxidation−reduction properties and excellent solid state fluorescence efficiencies.
The convincing results obtained through the use of lateral boryl substituted π-systems, allowed Zhao's group to report new CT-emitting triarylborane π-systems 91 and 92, in which boryl and amino groups were located at the lateral *o*,*o*′-positions of a biaryl framework ([Figure 15](#molecules-22-01522-f015){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B104-molecules-22-01522],[@B106-molecules-22-01522],[@B107-molecules-22-01522]\] Compound 91 expectedly displayed very intense fluorescence with green emission maximum at 523 nm in solid state (*Φ~F~* = 0.86 as a spin-coated film) and large Stokes shift of 215 nm. On the other hand, compound 92 was very emissive and significantly blue-shifted (Δλ~em~ = 62 nm as a spin-coated film), whereas its fluorescence efficiency was recorded as moderate (*Φ~F~* = 0.35 as a film) due to the pronounced steric bulk effect of NBn~2~ compared to methyl units.
The same group synthesized triarylborane-based biphenyl derivative 93, containing Mes~2~B and TPA at the lateral *o*,*o*′-positions of the biphenyl backbone ([Figure 15](#molecules-22-01522-f015){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B108-molecules-22-01522]\]. It showed a higher triplet energy (E~T~ = 2.57 eV) compared to its normal linear regioisomer, *p*,*p*′-NPh~2~ (E~T~ = 2.28 eV) as a result of the well-separated HOMO and LUMO levels and, thus, resulting in a small Δ*E*~ST~. Since the typical blue phosphorescent emitter FIrpic had E~T~ of 2.62 eV, molecule 93 was asserted to be provided as a host material in blue and green phosphorescent OLEDs. The phosphorescent OLED devices based on 93 achieved excellent performances with EQEs of 15.3 and 22.4%, *η~C,max~* of 34.5 and 84.2 cd·A^−1^ and power efficiencies of 31.4 and 76.6 lm·W^−1^ for blue and green phosphorescent OLEDs, respectively.
3. Triarylborane Based Polymers {#sec3-molecules-22-01522}
===============================
D--A type conjugated polymers, having highly electron-deficient triarylborane groups were studied to produce new conjugated materials \[[@B15-molecules-22-01522],[@B28-molecules-22-01522]\]. Such systems show intriguing properties such as low-lying LUMOs, easy reduction, and bathochromic shifts in of the absorption and emission spectra. However, bulky aryl groups, such as mesityl, have been generally used as the substituents on boron to improve the stability and maintain the electron-deficient character of boron.
Triarylborane-based polymers were designed by considering two kind of D--A systems, namely, the boron group (i) as a pendant on the side chain and (ii) as a backbone unit in the main chain \[[@B28-molecules-22-01522]\]. Although triarylborane-containing small molecules have been successfully developed as light emitters, only their few light emitting polymers have been suggested for PLED applications \[[@B7-molecules-22-01522],[@B109-molecules-22-01522],[@B110-molecules-22-01522],[@B111-molecules-22-01522],[@B112-molecules-22-01522],[@B113-molecules-22-01522]\]. In 2007, Yamaguchi and co-workers reported a series of new emissive polymers **P1**--**P5** possessing two diarylboron pendants on the side chains with various co-monomers and poly-(arylene ethynylene)s as building units ([Figure 16](#molecules-22-01522-f016){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B111-molecules-22-01522]\]. All the polymers were characterized to be stable toward air and water and highly soluble in common organic solvents. **P1**--**P5** demonstrated a blue-greenish to yellow intense emissions in benzene with quantum yields ranging from 0.87 to 0.98 and in solid state (*Φ~F~* = 0.36--0.54), which allowed them to be promising functional building blocks for emissive π-conjugated materials. Reitzenstein et al. investigated the influence of connection positions of 2,7- and 3,6-linked polycarbazoles **P6** and **P7,** containing a triarylborane acceptor, on their absorption and emission properties ([Figure 16](#molecules-22-01522-f016){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B113-molecules-22-01522]\]. 3,6-Linkage in the main chain of **P7** had a strong effect on its optical properties resulting in better *Φ~F~* of 28% and 15% as solid powder and as a film, respectively, due to a low-lying fluorescent CT state compared to the optical properties of 2,7-linked polycarbazole **P6**. Polymer **P7** was reported to be a blue emitter with CIE coordinates of (0.17, 0.21).
Recently, Chen et al. reported carbazole/fluorene copolymers **P8** and **P9**, in which carbazoles were connected with Mes~2~B as pendants through phenyl-thiophene spacers to be used as a light-emitting layer in blue light-emitting diodes ([Figure 16](#molecules-22-01522-f016){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B114-molecules-22-01522]\]. They showed blue emission maxima at 456 and 462 nm with high *Φ~F~* of 72 and 69% emerging from their fluorescent ICT between the Mes~2~B and carbazole groups. The OLED devices fabricated using **P8** and **P9** exhibited blue emissions with CIE coordinates (0.16, 0.11) and (0.16, 0.13), respectively. Their V~on~ values of 6.5 and 5.5 V, maximum brightness of 445 and 414 cd·m^−2^ and highest luminescence efficiencies of 0.51 and 0.34 cd·A^−1^ were reported, respectively.
Jäkle and co-workers reported a series of polymers **P10**--**P14** having tributylboron units as an electron acceptor in the conjugated polythiophene main chain ([Figure 17](#molecules-22-01522-f017){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B115-molecules-22-01522]\]. All the polymers exhibited excellent long-term chemical stabilities against air and moisture and remarkable thermal and oxidative stabilities as well as good solubility in common organic solvents. With changing the length of the π-conjugated oligothiophene spacer between the boron units, the materials demonstrated tuned emission colours from blue to deep orange with fluorescence maxima ranging between 495 and 657 nm in solid state. As a result, triarylborane-based polymers were identified as promising materials for the improvement of optoelectronic applications owing to their controllable electronic structures and photophysical properties.
Ozturk and co-workers developed new emissive D--A type copolymers **P15**--**P17**, containing TT as an electron donor and MesB as a π-acceptor in the main chain for optoelectronic applications ([Figure 17](#molecules-22-01522-f017){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B116-molecules-22-01522],[@B117-molecules-22-01522]\]. These polymers displayed strong fluorescence with blue to yellow emissions between 441 and 566 nm in solid state. Particularly, the polymer light emitting diode (PLED) devices based on **P16** and **P17** exhibited pure white emission with EL maxima at 620 and 677 nm with CIE coordinates of 0.32, 0.35 and 0.34, 0.34, respectively, although their fabricated devices showed poor performances with V~on~ of 8.1--11 V, luminous efficiency of 0.035--0.01 and EQEs of varying from 0.007 to 0.025%. Nevertheless, with this study, use of boron as a strong electron acceptor and TT as an electron donor to achieve white light emitting polymers was demonstrated for the first time.
4. Conclusions {#sec4-molecules-22-01522}
==============
Triarylboranes have been utilized as strong acceptors with donors forming D--A type conjugated luminescent small molecules and polymers which have been used as emitting, hole transporting and electron transporting layers to improve the performances of OLEDs. They have been considered to provide low energy ICT transition bands upon photoexcitation and, thereby, enhanced solvatochromic fluorescence emission. Triarylboranes were also recognized to increase the chemical (against oxygen and moisture) and thermal stabilities by diminishing the LUMO energy levels and, consequently, rendering small HOMO--LUMO gaps, which are a prerequisite for achieving red/NIR emissive materials. Insertion of an arylboron between donor units or as a terminal group in the main chain as well as its use as a pendant were demonstrated to reinforce the quantum yields and, hence, augment OLED performances. However, the effect of lateral arylborons was detected to be much more pronounced with respect to those inserted into the main chain. The green phosphorescent OLED device based on **93**, possessing Mes~2~B pendant, for example, provided excellent performance with an EQE of 22.4%, whereas a red phosphorescent OLED device containing **66** with Mes~2~B terminal units gave 20.7% of EQE. Triarylboranes were also probed as an emitting layer in TADF processes, a newly evolving subject, leading to confirmation of their potential use in OLED applications. Applying the TADF process, up to 22.8% of EQE was reached with compound **70**, having a simple D--A system. All the performed investigations on triarylboranes were briefly overviewed in this report, which indicates that triarylboranes have high potential for its application in OLED technology.
We thank The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (111T075) and Istanbul Technical University, Turkey, for supporting this study. Unsped Global Logistic is gratefully acknowledged for financial support.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
![Typical device configuration of OLEDs. "Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Li, Y.; Liu, J.-Y.; Zhao, Y-D.; Cao, Y.-C. *Mater. Today* **2017**, *20*, 258--266. Copyright 2017 Elsevier \[[@B1-molecules-22-01522]\]".](molecules-22-01522-g001){#molecules-22-01522-f001}
{#molecules-22-01522-f002}
{#molecules-22-01522-f003}
{#molecules-22-01522-f004}
{#molecules-22-01522-f005}
{#molecules-22-01522-f006}
{#molecules-22-01522-f007}
{#molecules-22-01522-f008}
{#molecules-22-01522-f009}
{#molecules-22-01522-f010}
{#molecules-22-01522-f011}
{#molecules-22-01522-f012}
{#molecules-22-01522-f013}
{#molecules-22-01522-f014}
{#molecules-22-01522-f015}
{#molecules-22-01522-f016}
{#molecules-22-01522-f017}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ccbcca4a63af0065b74b47bad70463c26a2ba58d44c6aeca7339ffad8741abca'} |
Latest updates:
MT @ Facebook
Not logged in
Users online
67 guests
Welcome to our newest member, Nlcookuk
Galaxy - Lost From The Start Award winner
Lost From The Start
by Quinten Serna at 11 September 2019, 9:31 PM
It was Ronnie James Dio who said that Metal Music was bigger than life itself, something that doesn’t apologize for the music it makes and just as music transcends the borders of language and location, so too does it so aptly define those who set about creating music for the passion of the craft. GALAXY is a long way for a few, coming from Australia this band does more than just carry a tune or help to pass some time, much rather their greatest endeavors are the variety and diversity of perspectives from the wide array of lyrical topics to the unique onset of the soundscape, “Lost From the Start,” is the culmination of different influences and revered genres.
The album starts with an instrumental introduction named, “Traveller,” a sad and spacious composition played entirely sans drums and voice. “Dreaming Out” begins hurriedly leaving no room for recovery wherein each instrument makes their debut commencing with a small rhythm before the drums diverge, the other guitar plays a shrill lead, and the vocals coming in with wailing harmonies. “Sons of Titan” leans more towards the vein of Speed Metal and carries with it a somber set of lyrics concerning a coming of age story revolving around celestial bodies and their journey “beyond the rings of Saturn.” “Paradise Divide” is by far the oddest song upon the EP almost being an instrumental as the vocals are more spacious and operatic save for the closing lines. The title track and ending song “Lost from the Start” is the longest song on the EP and within that time frame covers a large range of musical dynamics and ideas changing its progression more than a few times.
The instruments were recorded and performed in supreme fidelity with each guitar feeling it has its own voice, the bass providing a solidified backbone, the drums meeting the band without overpowering the strings or being too quiet for any clarity, and the voice cuts through every instrument without taking away from the band whatsoever. The vocals are a weird and distinct oddity that ties in the rest of the instruments in a unique soundscape being soft and feathery in one passage then immediately rolling into a shrill and powerful scream within the same breath; it’s as though there are equal parts King Diamond influences as there are Jeff Buckley in Phillip T. King’s voice.
Lost from the Start” works well as a debut from GALAXY, showcasing their talents and aptitude all confined within a 22 minute EP. From the bastion of Heavy Metal to the biting torrents of Speed Metal GALAXY meets in the middle and radiates from all around delivering Thrashing and headbanging riffs one right after the other.
Songwriting: 8
Originality: 10
Memorability: 8
Production: 9
4 Star Rating
1. Traveller
2. Dreaming Out
3. Sons of Titans
4. Paradise Divide
5. Lost from the Start
Tim Anderson - Bass
Joel Taylor - Drums
Stuart Callinan - Guitars
Cam Roberts - Guitars
Phillip T. King - Vocals
Record Label: Dying Victims Productions
You do not have permission to rate
Metal Temple © 2000-2014
Yiannis Mitsakos
Designed, Implemented and Hosted by PC Green | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9392774701118468}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34818', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KFA47UAFYG72HTPSTXBOETX3TBHRJRKE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7e346791-bf0d-47ed-ab1a-b95e0cda9c2a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 28, 8, 29, 28), 'WARC-IP-Address': '94.130.222.20', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KCJKKUMPZXJ3N27BKTYTUP7H4F5TWRPO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c67aa957-0815-470a-91a9-695d6a5e305a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.metal-temple.com/site/catalogues/entry/reviews/cd_3/g_2/galaxy-lost-from-the.htm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c8903c0a-5380-49e3-9cee-c0cb9006db5f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '572', 'url': 'http://www.metal-temple.com/site/catalogues/entry/reviews/cd_3/g_2/galaxy-lost-from-the.htm', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-52.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05844104290008545', 'original_id': 'b395d80c75fa90772688443953db30aa59e18387709e9afa8254be108ad7e5d5'} |
<a class="govuk-link" href="/personal-information">Personal information</a> | the_stack | {'hexsha': 'd662e9350e93cd7f95a326f3650ca1a8b4be8478', 'size': '75', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'app/views/nav-links/personal-information/index.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'boffbowsh/support-line-operator-manual', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '5b12a6e1ccaa88acbcc23940aa6013008da524f5', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '1', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '2020-05-06T18:25:12.000Z', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '2020-05-06T18:25:12.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'app/views/nav-links/personal-information/index.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'boffbowsh/support-line-operator-manual', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '5b12a6e1ccaa88acbcc23940aa6013008da524f5', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '1', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '2021-05-11T08:01:17.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '2021-05-11T08:01:17.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'app/views/nav-links/personal-information/index.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'boffbowsh/support-line-operator-manual', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '5b12a6e1ccaa88acbcc23940aa6013008da524f5', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '3', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '2020-03-27T11:53:30.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '2020-05-14T16:27:20.000Z', 'avg_line_length': '75.0', 'max_line_length': '75', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.7733333333', 'original_id': '188adddc1d4a55b0bcc898c677cdc445745be4903380e01b350295bd67cf9a14'} |
The Seattle Times’ Project Homeless is funded by BECU, Campion Foundation, Raikes Foundation, Seattle Foundation and the University of Washington. The Seattle Times maintains editorial control over Project Homeless content.
This article was produced in partnership with the Center for Public Integrity, The Seattle Times, Street Sense Media and WAMU/DCist.
When is a student considered homeless?
The definition of homelessness among K-12 students is laid out in the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, a federal law that details the help public schools must give unstably housed children. That includes students living in the following conditions:
• motels, hotels or campgrounds when they have no other options.
• emergency or transitional shelters.
• the homes of friends or extended relatives, due to need rather than choice.
More than 75% of children identified as homeless under the McKinney-Vento law are in that final category, often known as “doubled-up,” the informal wording used to describe situations when children must live with friends or relatives beyond their immediate family because of circumstances such as economic hardship, an eviction or a natural disaster.
During the 2019-20 school year, close to 1.3 million children in the nation’s public schools were identified as homeless. But that figure may vastly underestimate the actual number. A Center for Public Integrity analysis found evidence that thousands of school districts are undercounting.
Experts who spoke with Public Integrity said that confusion surrounding the McKinney-Vento law and who qualifies as “doubled-up” can leave many students unidentified and not receiving the support they need in school.
Schools are required to use housing questionnaires or surveys to find these students, but some put much more effort into it than others.
Complicating matters: Parents, guardians and older students navigating the system themselves may not know about the federal law or even consider themselves homeless. Some may also fear that acknowledging homelessness could bring unwanted attention from child welfare agencies.
What rights do homeless children have?
Homelessness can affect a child’s ability to learn and perform well in school. Nationwide, homeless students graduate at lower rates than average. They’re also more likely to be chronically absent from school and have lower standardized test scores.
That’s why schools are required to provide extra support.
Under federal law, school districts and charter schools are required to designate liaisons to support homeless children.
State and local McKinney-Vento contacts maintained by the National Center for Homeless Education are available at
The liaison coordinates services to help provide a stable learning environment. When students are identified as homeless, schools must:
• waive enrollment requirements, such as immunization forms, that could keep kids out of the classroom.
• refer families to health care and housing services.
• provide transportation to and from school so children can remain in their “school of origin,” the school they attended before they became homeless, even if they’re now outside the attendance boundaries.
Allowing a student to continue classes at their school of origin keeps them in a stable situation with familiar peers and adults to counter the often harmful effects of housing instability.
What happens when schools deny or dispute a child’s rights?
Children experiencing homelessness should have equal access to educational opportunities, including public preschool education. Federal law mandates that schools remove any barriers that would prevent that from happening. However, districts and families aren’t always in agreement on what those barriers are.
In some instances, parents have filed lawsuits after districts denied services. Most cases that Public Integrity reviewed focus on whether students are eligible for transportation to attend their school of origin.
If a family files a complaint with their school district, homeless liaisons are supposed to step in to ensure that the rights of students are protected. In cases where an agreement cannot be reached, either party may request that the state’s homeless-children education coordinator decide who is right.
But sometimes outside intervention is needed and attorneys are called in.
While disputes are ongoing, students must be immediately enrolled in the school in which they’re seeking enrollment, pending the resolution of a case or complaint.
So, children should attend school until a dispute is resolved — even if the district thinks families are misinterpreting the law.
Families with questions about their eligibility for services under the McKinney-Vento law can contact local legal aid offices. Students and families can also review information on their rights by visiting homeless advocacy organizations’ websites, such as the National Homelessness Law Center and SchoolHouse Connection.
Corey Mitchell is a reporter with the Center for Public Integrity, a nonprofit newsroom that investigates inequality. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '15', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9600629210472108}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '250592', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BVBHJQ3FRK2GGFKUWNMALIB3WOKKRKUE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4a19c090-193c-48a6-8a02-2761de52f52b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 8, 10, 21, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.1.194.187', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:I3QA6NEAXUA3SHKWRUNB6VO75BLDGFYO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4f8a534c-06ab-4319-a555-f3f6db620ae3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/homeless/are-you-a-homeless-student-in-wa-here-are-your-rights/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:52ba4ef1-dcf7-4abc-b17d-61d34902dbf2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '762', 'url': 'https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/homeless/are-you-a-homeless-student-in-wa-here-are-your-rights/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-8\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.023532569408416748', 'original_id': 'd96c6aca955cdfae7f6bdf5bfc0f7ce8caa77c074cde1108b2b5502379e344d0'} |
Trump Goes Gun Grabber, Prompting White House Clean-Up
Daily Beast – February 28, 2018
In 2016, NRA-endorsed Republican candidate Donald Trump won the presidency after many months of insisting that his Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton was going to grab your guns.
In February 2018, President Trump publicly called for a subversion of due process, and for the government to “take the guns first.”
During a televised meeting with lawmakers at the White House on Wednesday afternoon, the president and assembled legislators spent the hour riffing on ideas for securing schools and curtailing gun violence in America. Trump ping-ponged between various policy positions and postures, invariably making unforced interjections that would make his staunchest pro-gun supporters cringe.
When Vice President Mike Pence talked about how those who are a “danger to themselves or others” should have their firearms taken away, but also afforded due process, the president jumped in to one-up Pence.
“Or, Mike, take the firearms first, and then go to court,” Trump said, breaking with his own vice president on live TV. “Because that’s another system. Because a lot of times, by the time you go to court, it takes so long to go to court, to get the due process procedures.”
The president continued, sounding like the caricature of “gun-grabbing” Democrats he’d once warned against: “I like taking the guns early. Like in this crazy man’s case that just took place in Florida… To go to court would have taken a long time. So you could do exactly what you’re saying, but take the guns first, go through due process second.”
White House spokespeople did not immediately respond to questions on whether or not this was now the official position of the Trump White House. However, two administration officials told The Daily Beast that aides were already preparing “clarifications” for future statements or briefings in anticipation of being asked if the president wants to take away people’s guns without due process.
Trump goes Gun Grabber (02.28.2018)
One thought on “Trump Goes Gun Grabber, Prompting White House Clean-Up
1. This means war, plain and simple.
“Due process second” is an oxymoron, because it denies us the process we’re due as Americans, and that one phrase undermines the entire Bill of Rights, and everything this country stands for.
President Trump just announced “I’m a stinking commie dictator, your Bill of Rights means nothing, and we’re coming to take your property simply because we believe we have the power to do so”.
I’m not a criminal or a lunatic, so I’m not going to any prison or nuthouse, and no one is robbing my house, either, tin badge on their chest or not.
Join the Conversation
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9531143307685852}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '70477', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ACGDFMEDNWWE5CK7U4YGOWWP2D4M6M4M', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9f3901c4-813f-4fc2-8aa9-e3fbf5538e6d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 6, 3, 0, 43, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.117.129.6', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EB6VPDTV4FKBVJ3PJPMDS2NWXR26PTJR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6755a813-f98b-49ab-a984-34b1fe4afdcb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://fromthetrenchesworldreport.com/trump-goes-gun-grabber-prompting-white-house-clean/220176', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a08917de-cce5-4480-87b9-b32105dd7a53>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '440', 'url': 'https://fromthetrenchesworldreport.com/trump-goes-gun-grabber-prompting-white-house-clean/220176', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-24\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May/June 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-236.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.049120545387268066', 'original_id': 'bd37b21cfb1440d267fb1a2bda7029d13eee0b680138a76ddb582e75e7bd00b9'} |
Run That By Me Again?
Chapter One: You tried to feed him to a werewolf?
Disclaimer: I do not own Harry Potter.
Note: Now, don't get me wrong, I love Sirius, I really do, I just don't understand how he could possibly defend this. Also, I am not in any way a Snape fangirl and do not appreciate being accused of that because I feel that it was wrong for Sirius to try to get him killed. I do not see what Sirius or Snape's ultimate morality is, my feelings about Snape in general, or any future acts has to do with the fact that a teenager who had, to my knowledge, not yet joined the Death Eaters or committed any crimes, was nearly killed...for being nosy and annoying.
"Dumbledore hired you when he knew you were a werewolf?" Ron gasped. "Is he mad?"
"Of course he is," Harry said. "Everyone knows that."
"Some of the staff thought so," said Lupin. "He had to work very hard to convince certain teachers that I'm trustworthy-"
"I should say so," Harry agreed. "I mean, if you were a friend of Black, he's out to get me, and you applied to teach this year? The timing is a little suspicious."
"And he's a werewolf," Ron added.
Harry looked puzzled. "I know, Ron. He just told us."
"And that doesn't…bother you?" Ron asked incredulously.
"Um, no?"
"Why not?" Ron couldn't believe it. "He's a bloodthirsty monster!"
Hermione, who was still wary of the afflicted professor, looked over in exasperation. "Oh please. Do you honestly see a bloodthirsty monster when you look at Professor Lupin?"
Ron looked. Professor Lupin had reading glasses in his pocket and was looking at Ron's let with obvious concern. "Well, no," he admitted.
"As long as he takes Wolfsbane and is kept isolated during the full moon, which I'm sure Dumbledore makes sure of, his being a werewolf isn't a problem," Hermione continued. "The fact that he's aiding and abetting a dangerous fugitive is."
"I am not," Lupin said irritably. Hermione looked pointedly at their wands still in his hand and Lupin sighed before throwing them back.
Harry, meanwhile, had been trying to remember if that was a full moon or not. He was, however, soon distracted. "You knew the makers…four of them, my father and Sirius Black were inseparable, Peter Pettigrew trailed after them…Professor Lupin's a friend, too, and a werewolf…And Black's a dog…I've got it!"
"Got what?" Ron asked blankly.
"You know how the Marauder's map worked because you're one of the Marauders! You're Moony, Black is Padfoot, if you want Scabbers so badly, he must be Pettigrew…wait. What the hell does Prongs mean?" Harry asked.
"James was a stag," Black offered.
"That doesn't explain the nickname."
"Yes it does, Prongs, antlers," Black insisted.
"Well, if you're going to be obscure, I suppose…" Harry conceded.
"It's not that obscure, Harry," Hermione corrected.
"Hey, my relatives locked me in a cupboard whenever I wasn't at home or cleaning for ten years!" Harry said defensively. "Give me a break!" Lupin and Black looked concerned, so Harry quickly went on, "So, you think Scabbers is Pettigrew?"
"No, I know he is," Black growled.
"How?" Hermione asked. "And was Harry right about the Marauders?"
"Yes, he was," Black said impatiently. "Besides, I'd seen Peter transform hundreds of times. How could I not recognize him?"
"Because…all rats look the same?" Harry suggested.
"Well, there was also the fact he cut off his toe," Black admitted.
"Not that I can believe," Hermione said.
"…So, in a way, Snape's been right about me all along," Lupin concluded.
"Snape?" said Black harshly, taking his eyes off Scabbers for the first time in ten minutes and looking up at Lupin. "What's Snape got to do with it?"
Harry stared at him. "You know, this is the third time we've mentioned him."
"Really?" Black blinked.
"Yeah. First was when Hermione said she found out about the werewolf thing because of Snape's essay and then when he said Snape brewed Wolfsbane," Ron chimed in. "Although they did say 'Professor' those two times and so maybe you just couldn't wrap your mind around the fact that he ever became a teacher. I know I can't, and I didn't even know him before."
"That's probably it," Sirius agreed.
"Oh, honestly," Hermione huffed. "That's ridiculous; you just weren't listening and if you don't listen you can't complain when you don't understand!"
"How do you even know each other? I mean, Black was in Azkaban since my parents died…were you at school together?" Harry asked.
Lupin nodded. "He fought very hard against my appointment to the Defense Against the Dark Arts job. He has been telling Dumbledore all year that I am not to be trusted. He has his reasons…you see, Sirius here played a trick on him which nearly killed him, a trick which involved me—"
"It couldn't be so bad as to cause him to carry a grudge for all these years, though," Hermione said reasonably. "I mean, it's not like Mr. Black tried to feed him to you when you were transformed, right?"
There was an awkward silence.
"Oh my God!" Hermione cried, horrified.
Black made a derisive noise. "It served him right," he sneered. "Sneaking around, trying to find out what we were up to…hoping he could get us expelled…"
"Severus was very interested in where I went every month," Lupin told Harry, Ron, and Hermione.
"Why?" Harry asked.
"Pardon?" Lupin queried.
"Why would Snape care where you went? I know I wouldn't and Snape calls me nosy at least twice a week."
"Well, er, we were in the same year, you know, and we—er—didn't like each other very much," Lupin tried to explain.
"So? If Malfoy were gone once a month and I didn't have to listen to his snide comments every time I nearly get myself killed, which also happens about once a month, I'd throw a party, not investigate," Harry pointed out.
"Well, Severus clearly differs from you, then. For one thing, he's a Slytherin—" Lupin began.
"Oh please," Harry said. "The hat tried to put me in Slytherin."
Black gasped, horrified, and backed away from Harry.
"Hey," Harry said, annoyed. "You tried to feed a classmate to a werewolf because he annoyed you, you don't have room to talk."
Lupin apparently had no response to Harry's comment and so continued with that he was saying. "He especially disliked James. Jealous, I think, of James's talent on the Quidditch field."
Harry stared at him. "That's ridiculous. I mean, just look at me. I got on the team my first year. Youngest player in a bloody century. I've only ever lost due to circumstances beyond my control—namely Hufflepuff-supporting Dementors. I managed to win when my DADA Professor tried to hex me and when a house elf tried to kill me in order to save my life. I think the entire school is jealous of my Quidditch talent, but the only one who hates me for it is Malfoy."
"So you see, things like that do happen—" Lupin started to say.
"But he already hated me, so that doesn't count," Harry disagreed.
"Anyway," Lupin continued, ignoring Harry for the sake of time. "Snape had seen me crossing the grounds with Madam Pomfrey one evening as she led me toward the Whomping Willow to transform. Sirius thought it would be—er—amusing to tell Snape all he had to do was prod the knot on the tree trunk with a long stick, he'd be able to get in after me. Well, of course, Snape tired it—if he'd got as far as this house, he'd have met a fully grown werewolf—but your father, who'd heard what Sirius had done, went after Snape and pulled him back, at great risk to his life…Snape glimpsed me, though, at the end of the tunnel. He was forbidden by Dumbledore to tell anybody, but from that time on, he knew what I was…"
"Excuse me," Hermione said. "Now, I've tried to let you explain everything so as to give you the benefit of the doubt, but honestly, I just have to get this out of my system. Firstly, the Slytherin Common Room is under the lake, so he couldn't have seen you from there, and no, before you ask, there is not point in asking me how I know that. If professor Snape were to see you, he'd have to be outside. Why would he be out there after dinner? Unless he was visiting Hagrid, there seems no reason to do this. Secondly, even if he had seen you, you were with Madam Pomfrey, so it was clearly for a medical reason-"
"Unless he thought they were having an affair!" Ron suggested.
"That would be highly unprofessional. Not to mention they could have just used her office," Harry pointed out. "But please continue, Hermione."
"Thank you. Now, as Madam Pomfrey is a staff member with an impeccable reputation, clearly the excursion was sanctioned by the Headmaster and so he really shouldn't have gone after him. I mean, we wouldn't, not if it were someone we didn't suspect to be evil, such as Madame Pomfrey or Professor McGonagall. Thirdly, why in the world would Professor Snape take advice from someone who he hated and vice versa?"
"Yeah," Ron said, looking pointedly at Harry. "That was almost as stupid as when Harry decided to go chasing after a mass-murderer because Malfoy suggested it."
"Well," Lupin said tactfully. "You have to remember, we were sixteen."
Hermione snorted. "And I'm fourteen and I can see why that's not the best plan."
Lupin sighted. Clearly this was not going at all the way he'd planned. "What do you think Harry?"
"So that's why Snape doesn't like you," said Harry slowly. "Because you tried to eat him as a kid."
There was a sound from behind Lupin. I definitely heard something that time."
"I told you, this place is haunted!" Ron insisted.
"Out of curiosity, why does it matter if it is haunted? I mean Hogwarts is haunted and it's a school! Ghosts can't harm you, only poltergeists, and they wouldn't stay somewhere with no people, so why is everyone so terrified?" Hermione asked, annoyed.
Black actually grinned. "Dumbledore is the propaganda god."
"And I didn't TRY to eat Severus," Lupin said, somewhat reproachfully.
"But you nearly did all the same," countered Harry. "And I'm guessing that that would be a very traumatizing experience. Did you apologize to him?"
"I. Didn't. Do. Anything. Wrong."
"So? I apologized to Justin because I saved his life in a foreign language," Harry pointed out.
"Parseltongue is not a foreign language!" Ron protested.
As Black shuddered again and pretended to faint and Lupin gaped wordlessly and mouthed 'Parseltongue', Harry just crossed his arm. "Oh no? Then what do you call it Because talking to snakes seems pretty foreign to me."
"Well, it is, I guess…But you made it sound like you were speaking French or something."
"Now, if I'd spoken French, I would have deserved to be shunned. Parseltongue, though, is decidedly non-French. And wasn't Saint Patrick a Parselmouth?"
"I can look it up, Harry, but perhaps we should get back to the matter at hand?" Hermione suggested.
"Oh, right. You know, wizards are incredibly laid-back when it comes to near-death experiences, aren't they?" Harry asked rhetorically. "God knows that in the muggle-world if you tried to feed a classmate to a wild animal or expose them to a painful, ostracizing, and debilitating disease, or any disease at all, really, you'd be expelled, arrested, charged with assault, and probably attempted murder."
"But your father pulled Snape back at great risk to himself!" Lupin repeated.
Harry sighed. "You wanna take this Hermione?"
"I suppose I might as well," Hermione agreed. "Professor, just because someone stopped the attempted murder from happening doesn't mean it wasn't attempted murder. And didn't you say that your friends became Animagi so that they could be around you safely when you were transformed?"
"So even if Harry's father didn't turn into a stag in order to protect you guy's secret, he still had the option to do that if things went poorly and so therefore he wasn't really in any danger," Hermione continued.
"I…" Lupin trailed off.
"And aside from the accidental attempted eating, if you keep defending Black's attempts to murder an innocent if somewhat annoying 16-year-old, no wonder he still holds a grudge, even though you laid off after that," Hermione concluded.
"Wait, you guys did lay off him after you nearly got him killed, right?" Harry asked.
Black snorted. "Why should we? He had it coming!"
Harry exploded at that. "WHAT IS WRONG WITH YOU PEOPLE?"
"We were being plagued by greasy gits," Black said, as if it were obvious. "Or by one in particular, rather, but you get what I mean, right?"
"You…you tried to kill a classmate—or, at best, simply didn't care if he died or became a werewolf, when you must have known what a terrible affliction that was! And after that, you kept right on tormenting him! That shows an almost incredible degree of shallowness!"
"Be that as it may," Lupin said, clearly trying to control himself. "Severus still harbors a schoolboy grudge and—"
"A-A schoolboy grudge?" Hermione nearly shrieked. "That's what you think this is about? Not the fact that you guys nearly killed him and then showed quite clearly that Harry's father only saved him so you two wouldn't get in trouble? Black would have been expelled, but probably could have gone to Durmstang and the Ministry would have pushed for you to be executed!
"And if Malfoy almost got me eaten by a were-wolf Goyle and Crabbe pulled me back to save their own skins, I'd—well, first I'd berate myself for being stupid enough to listen to Malfoy," Hermione sent another pointed glance in Harry's direction. "And then I would have a legitimate reason to hold a grudge, even IF they repented and became saints, and especially if they continued persecuting me!"
"You guys are no fun," grumbled Sirius. "JAMES would have done it."
"He did do it. And I'm starting to think that maybe he was a horrible person, after all. I mean, I don't actually know anything positive about him except loyalty to a bunch or irresponsible would-be murderers. And to tell you the truth," Harry said frankly. "I think I liked you more when you were a mass-murderer."
"Isn't he still a mass-murderer?" Ron asked tentatively.
"Of course not," Hermione scoffed. "Professor Lupin asked if they 'switched', he must have meant about being a Secret Keeper."
"D-Do you really mean that, Harry?" Sirius asked, aghast. "I was only a kid; you can't hold that against me!"
"I'm not," Harry said flatly. "Although it's really no surprise people were willing to believe, albeit reluctantly, that you were secretly a crazy mass-murdering Death Eater if you pulled stunts like this!" He took a deep breath. "But seriously, it's more the fact that almost the first thing you said to me, after spending twelve years in prison and on eon the run, trying desperately to contact me without being detected, is that you still think Professor Snape deserved to die a horrible, painful death for being annoying when he was sixteen, which, by the way, was eighteen years ago!"
There was another awkward silence. Finally, Ron coughed and said uncomfortably, "So, what's this about Scabbers?"
"He's Pettigrew. I suggested he be the Secret Keeper because I was too obvious, but he turned out to be a Death Eater—"
"Is there any reason you didn't check him for the Dark Mark before entrusting him with something as important as the lives of two of your best friends?" Ron interrupted.
"The what?" Harry asked.
"You-Know-Who's brand, all Death Eaters have them," Ron explained.
"That actually never occurred to us," Sirius said. "I'm not sure why, that seems like it should be a basic safety measure…But anyway, when I realized what happened, I cornered him, he yelled that I betrayed Lily and James, blew the street apart, and transformed."
"Then why did you say that YOU killed them?" Ron asked.
"Because I suggested that they switch!" Black burst out.
"Look, I get that you feel guilty," Harry told him. "But you've got to stop saying that you killed my parents. People will get the wrong idea."
"I don't believe Scabbers is Pettigrew," Ron said bluntly. "Is there any way you can prove it?"
"Yes, give us the rat," Lupin said in a steely tone. "Ready, Sirius?" Lupin asked, taking the squirming Scabbers from the hesitant Ron.
Black nodded and, picking up Ron's wand, asked quietly, "Together?"
"I think so. On the count of three. One—Two—THREE!"
"Well that was…unexpected…" Ron managed to say, staring at the rat-like man.
"He can go to Azkaban," Harry repeated. "If anyone deserves that place, he does…"
Pettigrew was still wheezing behind him.
"Very well," said Lupin. "Stand aside, Harry."
Harry hesitated.
As Harry moved to step aside, a voice cried out, "Stupefy!" and Pettigrew collapsed.
"What the—Snape?" Harry asked, dumbstruck.
"That's right," Snape sneered, pulling off Harry's invisibility cloak.
"What are you doing here?" Black spat.
"Well, I was going to feed you to the Dementors, but then I had the unexpected privilege of listening to your own godson tear you a new one on my behalf, so I thought I might as well let this little drama play out and only intervene if it were necessary."
"You consider this necessary?" Lupin asked.
"Yes," Snape nodded. "He can still transform when he's tied up and one distraction would give him all the opportunity he needs. Not to mention you'd never find him at night and he can't transform when he's stunned."
"What kind of distraction?" Harry asked curiously before realization struck him. "It is a full moon tonight, isn't it?"
"Very good, Potter," Snape nodded. "Yes, it is and the werewolf is a danger as he didn't take his potion."
"It's not very nice to call him 'the werewolf'," Harry said.
"Be that as it may, Potter, I'm just reminding everyone that he is, in fact, a werewolf and sooner or later the clouds will part and he will transform," Snape told him.
"So you realized he forgot to take his potion but didn't bring any with you?" Hermione asked incredulously.
Snape froze. "You're right, I did bring some. I'd forgotten in all the excitement, but…Here," he thrust a smoking goblet at Remus, who took it gratefully.
"Now I won't be a danger to you, but the sight of me would still panic people, so I'd better stay here," Lupin said, downing the goblet. "Can I trust you to take this matter to Dumbledore, Severus?"
Snape nodded. "Of course. But I will have to let people know about your…condition, you realize."
"Bloody hell!" Ron burst out. "Is this position cursed?"
"Actually, yes," Snape affirmed.
"But…Professor Lupin's the best DADA Professor we've ever had!" Harry protested.
"Given Professors I've-Got-You-Know-Who-On-The-Back-Of-My-Head-And-So-Am-Too-Distracted-To-Teach-Properly and Memory-Charms-Are-The-Only-Spell-I-Know-How-To-Do, that's not saying much." At Hermione's glare, Ron protested, "Oh, you know it's true!"
"Not that Professor Lupin isn't a really good teacher, Harry, because he is," Hermione added earnestly. "It's just that…he's dangerous.
"No he's not-" Harry began.
"Yes, Harry, he is. If Professor Snape hadn't been here, Professor Lupin would have tried to kill us when he transformed and very well might have. I suppose the muggle-world equivalent would be a violent schizophrenic, who the Headmaster assured him would be safe as long as he took his medication, which he forgot tonight, even BEFORE seeing the Map. And even when he is on it, so to speak, our safety clearly matters less to him than losing face by confessing that fifteen years ago, he broke a few rules and now someone who he sincerely believed to be a mass-murderer could turn into a dog and hide on the grounds as well as sneak into the castle several different ways," Hermione finished with a flourish.
"But that's not how it was—" Lupin started to say.
"Regardless of your intentions, Lupin, that's exactly how it was," Snape cut him off.
Lupin opened his mouth to retort when Harry cut in. "We can discuss this later. Right now, we need to get out of here because, Wolfsbane Potion or no, I don't really want to see this…"
As they started to leave, Black said casually, "So, I know this probably isn't the best time to ask, what, with you having just accused me of attempting to murder someone because they annoyed me, but you said that your relatives locked you in a cupboard, so I was wondering if maybe you'd like to come live with me once I'm cleared?"
"Sure," Harry shrugged.
Snape stopped dead and stared at him. "You can't be serious, Potter, he tried to kill me."
"I know that, sir," Harry replied evenly. "So it would be foolhardy if you would have agreed to live with him. He seems to like me, though, despite the fact I've mostly just yelled at him, and besides, in addition to being locked in a cupboard, my aunt routinely swings a frying pan at my head. Which, by the way, is also attempted murder."
Snape was about to respond when Ron cried out, "Dementors!"
"I'll handle this," Snape said smoothly. "Potter standing up to Black on my account…Oh, this should power a patronus every day for the rest of my life…"
When they got back to the castle, Pettigrew still unconscious, Fudge was surprised, to say the least. "Black…Black was innocent, then?"
Snape was about to say something when Dumbledore shot him a Look. "Of this, yes," he finally said.
"Oh no, oh no, oh no…" Fudge moaned, head in his hands. "The press'll have a field day with this! An innocent man in Azkaban, Dementors attempting to suck the souls out of innocent children…My career is over!"
Sensing that if his career really was at stake, Fudge would organize a massive cover-up, Hermione quickly spoke up. "Not if you tell them all about how you managed to weave through the web of lies and, in dogged pursuit of justice, ferreted out the truth, sir."
"Hm, that could work…I'd better call the Daily Prophet. Albus, may I use your floo?" Fudge asked.
"Certainly, Cornelius, it's right this way," Dumbledore said graciously. "Severus, if you'd be so kind as to show him?"
As Snape and Fudge left, Harry casually remarked, "By the way, I'm moving in with Sirius."
Dumbledore sighed and said gravely, "My dear boy, I'm afraid that's out of the question. You're only safe from Voldemort's supporters at your Aunt's house."
"And she routinely tries to kill me, so you know what? I'll take my chances," Harry decided.
Dumbledore shook his head. "I cannot allow that."
"With all do respect, sir," Harry said. "You don't exactly have a say in the matter. I mean, Sirius is my legal godfather and my legal guardians would have no problem signing off on granting custody of me to a mass-murderer. You're the Headmaster of my school and, worse come to worse, I can simply transfer. What was that one school you were talking about earlier Hermione?
"Durmstang," she replied.
All the blood drained out of Dumbledore's face at the thought of Harry Potter going to the most reputed Dark Arts School in all of Europe. "On second thought, I'm sure we can provide you with adequate protection at your new place of residence."
Harry and Hermione exchanged a grin. That was too easy.
Review Please! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '48', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9877524375915528}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '61452', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:X3JSS75QVZFWA2Y5XK3ZDNS3727AMU4J', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5483a971-d95e-49bf-a77f-71df0e32b7e1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 2, 27, 0, 49, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.205.184.7', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KLFP35V7LIUWB55PZH34J7U7VB2BYRGR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:df6ac2c1-ec68-43fd-abea-f931b2398b75>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.fanfiction.net/s/4347535/1/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:59cdef2d-9f89-4269-bb8f-85958e976809>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3726', 'url': 'https://www.fanfiction.net/s/4347535/1/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-09\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.12037026882171631', 'original_id': '922e616bc60482eda500ebfd6f1e3afbb7d7e60d610c4e3b0bc98d3049c4e424'} |
The prison officer Rachel Barnes has been jailed for having an inappropriate relationship with an in HMP Belmarsh (Picture: Rex Features)
A HMP Belmarsh prison officer who kept going missing during her shifts has been jailed for having an inappropriate relationship with a serving prisoner.
Rachel Barnes, 29, of Orpington, Kent, became involved with Sebastian Vasell, 28, and sent him texts of a ‘sexual nature’ .
Croydon Crown Court heard that suspicions were raised when Barnes started going missing for extended periods on duty at the prison in Thamesmead, south east London.
When challenged by management and told there was CCTV of her when she was missing, Barnes became emotional and confessed to the affair with Vasell.
A search of Barnes’ car and locker found her phone which contained messages from Vasell.
Vasell, who was found with two prohibited phones in his cell, was serving time for a serious firearm offence.
On Thursday, Barnes was jailed for ten months after being charged with misconduct in a prison office, while Vasell was sentenced to six months concurrent on charges of sending messages from a prison unauthorised.
The charges will be consecutive to the sentence he is currently serving,
Preetpaul Dhillon, from the CPS, said: ‘Barnes was working in a high security prison in a position of paid employment amongst dangerous lawbreakers. Vassell was an offender serving a sentence for serious firearm offences.
‘On one occasion when Barnes was on duty, she was in a cell for 19 minutes engaging in inappropriate behaviour with Vassell.
‘She hid from her colleague when he checked the cell on two occasions, clearly showing she recognised what she was doing was wrong.
‘However, this was not a one-off incident.
‘Rather, it was a pattern of behaviour in which she allowed a prisoner to have the use of a mobile phone and sent him repeated messages, some of which were of a sexual nature.
‘Barnes’ behaviour clearly falls into the category of willful misconduct, and to such a degree that it amounted to an abuse of the public’s trust.
‘She will now have to face the consequences of her actions in relation to future employment opportunities.’
Notorious prisoners to have served time at Belmarsh jail include Soham murder Ian Huntley and hate preacher Abu Hamza.
Got a story for Metro.co.uk? Get in touch with our news team by emailing us at webnews@metro.co.uk. For more stories like this, check our news page. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '59e2ba54cadabf21f18225716fb3254df010fd9f41583b619205abcbac2d7d53'} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.