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value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
esen | ESEN | 也先 | [
"mongol",
"oirat"
] | 416-419 | 451-454 | 4 | 0 | ESEN
[416]
London, 1930; H. Cordier in La Grande Encyclopédie, 14 (Paris, 1892), 457; SK (1930), 106/5a; C. R. Boxer, "Portuguese Military Expeditions in Aid of the Mings Against the Manchus, 1621–1647," THM, 7 (August, 1938), 24; Alvaro Semedo, The History of That Great and Renowned Monarchy of China (London, 1655),... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
esen | ESEN | 也先 | [
"mongol",
"oirat"
] | 416-419 | 451-454 | 4 | 1 | [417]
ESEN
sions to induce them to stay in their own land. Most of them remained even though as late as 1454 Esen attempted to coerce them into an alliance.
Esen also pursued an aggressive policy in the northeast. In the early 1440s he had formed an entente with the three guards of the Uriyangqad (Wu-liang-ha兀良哈) wh... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
esen | ESEN | 也先 | [
"mongol",
"oirat"
] | 416-419 | 451-454 | 4 | 2 | ESEN
[418]
insult provided Esen with another pretext for an invasion of China.
In late July of 1449 Esen launched his most grandiose campaign. He ordered Toyto-buqa, who, according to Chinese sources, attempted to dissuade him from attacking China, to lead the Uriyangqad in a raid on Liaotung. He also instructed his... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
esen | ESEN | 也先 | [
"mongol",
"oirat"
] | 416-419 | 451-454 | 4 | 3 | [419]
ESEN
to meet with an Oirat delegation which wished to negotiate the release of the emperor. Yü Ch'i-en asserted that the so-called peaceful embassy was merely a ruse and that Esen intended either to attack or to make great financial demands on China. The court also hesitated to negotiate with Esen because the n... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
aruktal | ARUKTAI | 阿鲁台 | [
"mongol"
] | 12-14 | 37-39 | 3 | 0 | ARUγTAI
[12]
无咎)，painter, calligrapher, and poet, and An Kuang-chü 廣居 (T. 無曠), son-in-law of the eminent scholar and official Kao P'an-lung (q.v.), memorialized the throne, presenting a plea on behalf of their father's memory. An Hsi-fan was then granted posthumous honors by imperial order as a viceminister of the Co... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
aruktal | ARUKTAI | 阿鲁台 | [
"mongol"
] | 12-14 | 37-39 | 3 | 1 | [13]
ARUγTAI
presenting the title Shun-ning wang to the Oirat chief Mahmūd (q.v.), the Eastern Mongols' principal rival, who administered a severe defeat to the armies of Bunyaširi and Aruytai and forced them to migrate to the area of the Kerülen River 臚朐. Then, hoping to take advantage of their plight, the emperor s... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
aruktal | ARUKTAI | 阿鲁台 | [
"mongol"
] | 12-14 | 37-39 | 3 | 2 | ARUγTAI
[14]
Ho-ning wang 和寧王 on him, wang t'ai-fu-jen 王太夫人 on his mother, and wang fu-jen 王夫人 on his wife.
After Chu Ti's decisive defeat of Mahmūd, Aruytai's influence and power grew and his relations with China deteriorated. Throughout this time he tightened his control over the Uriyangqad guards on China's north... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
ayushiridara | AYUSHIRIDARA | 愛猷識理達臘 | [
"mongol",
"yuan"
] | 15-16 | 40-41 | 2 | 0 | [15]
AYUŠIRIDARA
A-pu-chih-an 阿不只俺 (?Abuji'an), one of Aruytai's sons, surrendered to the Ming on October 21, 1434. The court granted him a military title and gave him a house and furnishings in the capital. He died in 1435 without making any remarkable contributions to China, but his son T'o-t'o Po-lo-chi 脱脱孛羅吉 (Tcy... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
ayushiridara | AYUSHIRIDARA | 愛猷識理達臘 | [
"mongol",
"yuan"
] | 15-16 | 40-41 | 2 | 1 | AYUŞIRIDARA
[16]
the emperor forgave her. During the same period, Ayuširidara was competing with Bolod Temür and Kökö Temür (q.v.) for political hegemony. He led a campaign against the former in 1364 as a consequence of an internal quarrel, and maintained an uneasy relationship with the latter. In the wake of the men... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
dge-dun-rgya-mtsho | dGe-'dun-rgya-mtsho | 根敦嘉措 | [
"tibetan"
] | 412-413 | 447-448 | 2 | 0 | dGE-'DUN-RGYA-MTSHO
[412]
História de Portugal (Lisbon, 1971), I, 754; Artur Basilio de Sa, compiler and annotator, Insulindia, Vol. 2 (1550–62), 178; C. R. Boxer, South China in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1953), 1viii, 44.
Albert Chan and L. Carrington Goodrich
DAYAN-Qayan, see BATU Möngke
dGE-'DUN-GRUB, 1391... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
dge-dun-rgya-mtsho | dGe-'dun-rgya-mtsho | 根敦嘉措 | [
"tibetan"
] | 412-413 | 447-448 | 2 | 1 | [413]
dGE-'DUN-RGYA-MTSHO
tuted as became the rule afterwards, the child soon attracted the attention of the leaders of the dGe-lugs-pa sect, and in 1483 he was brought to 'Bras-spungs and recognized as the rebirth of dGe-'dun-grub (q.v.). He received a sound education in that large monastery.
Soon after he reached ... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
ibrahim | IBRAHIM | [
"mongol",
"oirat",
"central-asian"
] | 683-684 | 718-719 | 2 | 0 | [683]
IBRAHIM
T'ao and Hsia Yen. Li's own removal from office in 1541 was conceivably due to his friendship with Huo, a relationship which Hsia resented.
In his early days Huo seems to have dabbled in painting, which he apparently gave up in later years. There is only one landscape under his name recorded in Wang Ch... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | ||
ibrahim | IBRAHIM | [
"mongol",
"oirat",
"central-asian"
] | 683-684 | 718-719 | 2 | 1 | IBRAHIM
[684]
Hsi-hai 西海 (Kokonor, a region later called Ch'ing-hai) and the oases and towns on China's route to central Asia. In 1511 he repeatedly raided Chuang-lang 莊浪 and Liang-chou 凉州. In the following year he moved west and totally overwhelmed the Uighur tribes of An-ting 安定 and Ch'ü-hsien 曲先, causing their dis... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | ||
cheng-ho | CHENG Ho | 鄭和 | [
"muslim",
"voyages"
] | 194-199 | 219-224 | 6 | 0 | CHENG Ho
[194]
Exactly as Ch'en predicted, rebellion broke out again in Meng-mi in 1605. He knew that the eunuchs were the main source of the unrest and also that it was useless to ask the emperor to order them home. Ch'en withheld his troops until the eunuchs, including Yang Jung, were killed by the rebels. He next ... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
cheng-ho | CHENG Ho | 鄭和 | [
"muslim",
"voyages"
] | 194-199 | 219-224 | 6 | 1 | [195]
CHENG Ho
army under Fu Yu-te (q.v.), Cheng Ho, at that time about ten years old, was one of the children selected to be castrated. As a trainee for eunuch service, he was assigned to the retinue of Chu Ti (q.v.). In his early twenties, he accompanied Chu Ti on a series of military campaigns and in the course of... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
cheng-ho | CHENG Ho | 鄭和 | [
"muslim",
"voyages"
] | 194-199 | 219-224 | 6 | 2 | CHENG Ho
[196]
ily, he had gathered a group of men, had usurped the chieftainship of Chiu-kang 舊港 (Palembang), and was engaged in plundering ships in the vital sea lane. Cheng Ho demanded his surrender. Pretending to comply, Ch'en mnaeuvered to attack the expeditionary fleet. One of the local Chinese leaders, Shih Ch... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
cheng-ho | CHENG Ho | 鄭和 | [
"muslim",
"voyages"
] | 194-199 | 219-224 | 6 | 3 | [197]
CHENG Ho
taken together with his family and ministers to Nanking in July, 1411. Ceylonese legends and the account of Huang Hsing-tseng (q.v.) suggest that the de jure claimant to the throne was also brought to Nanking. The captives were shortly afterward set free and sent home.
It was the fourth voyage, which ... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
cheng-ho | CHENG Ho | 鄭和 | [
"muslim",
"voyages"
] | 194-199 | 219-224 | 6 | 4 | CHENG Ho
[198]
the palace buildings as they found them, the capital having been moved to Peking five years previously, and requested that the officials in Nanking be instructed to repair them and purchase gold leaf for their ornamentation.
Only a few months later the fourth emperor died and for several years the pla... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
cheng-ho | CHENG Ho | 鄭和 | [
"muslim",
"voyages"
] | 194-199 | 219-224 | 6 | 5 | [199]
CHENG Ho
porcelains. It was at this time too (1407) that the Ssu-i kuan 四夷館 came into being; established as a school for interpreters, it was to endure throughout the dynasty, and result in several useful vocabularies which have survived (see Mao Jui-cheng). The broadening of Chinese geographical horizons was p... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chong-tojon | CHŎNG To-jön | 鄭道傳 | [
"korean"
] | 259-261 | 290-292 | 3 | 0 | [259]
CHONG To-jön
H. 東園, cs 1460), at the time surveillance vice-commissioner of schools in Chekiang; Ch'ang Heng 暢亨 (T. 文通, cs 1478), regional investigating censor of Chekiang; Yü Tzu-chün (q.v.), minister of War; Tai Hao 戴豪 (T. 師文, cs 1478), senior secretary of the bureau of Maps 職方清吏司, ministry of War; Chou Hung-... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chong-tojon | CHŎNG To-jön | 鄭道傳 | [
"korean"
] | 259-261 | 290-292 | 3 | 1 | CHỒNG To-jôn
[260]
州，thus beginning a close relationship with the man who later overthrew the Koryõ dynasty and founded the Chosön dynasty. Chōng, impressed by Yi's leadership, is said to have given the latter a hint that with such an army he might easily usurp the throne.
In the autumn of 1384 he served under Chōng... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chong-tojon | CHŎNG To-jön | 鄭道傳 | [
"korean"
] | 259-261 | 290-292 | 3 | 2 | [261]
CHỒNG To-jǔn
history of Koryō, consisting of 37 kwōn which is no longer extant. An expert strategist, he drew up new battle formations and trained soldiers in accordance with his diagrams.
Chōng To-jōn had long been a professed pro-Ming Confucianist, and was noted for his lucid essays in Chinese. Hence it came... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chen-lin | CH'EN Lin | 陳璘 | [
"korean-campaign",
"japanese"
] | 167-172 | 194-199 | 6 | 0 | [167]
CH'EN Lin
a secret relationship with his powerful neighbor. The third is a compendium of earlier accounts on the Liu-ch'iu Islands culled from T'ang and early Ming literature (including the Hsing-ch'a sheng-lan of Fei Hsin (q.v.), some of which are no longer extant. Ch'en presents these materials both for the s... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chen-lin | CH'EN Lin | 陳璘 | [
"korean-campaign",
"japanese"
] | 167-172 | 194-199 | 6 | 1 | CH'EN Lin
[168]
and rushes to pave their way over the marshland until they were within range of the enemy fort. Then, occupying the high ground and protecting themselves with shields, they opened up a barrage of rocket fire (shen-chi chien 神機箭), which killed many of the pirates including their chief, Chu Liang-pao. F... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chen-lin | CH'EN Lin | 陳璘 | [
"korean-campaign",
"japanese"
] | 167-172 | 194-199 | 6 | 2 | [169]
CH'EN Lin
the throne, and, according to the Ming-shih, Ch'en was dismissed. (See below Editors' note.)
He lived in retirement until 1596 when the provincial military authorities again sought his help in the suppression of a rebellion of the Yao tribesmen in Ts'ench'i岑溪, Kwangsi. Instead of taking command of th... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chen-lin | CH'EN Lin | 陳璘 | [
"korean-campaign",
"japanese"
] | 167-172 | 194-199 | 6 | 3 | CH'EN Lin
[170]
support, 150 vessels of the Chekiang fleet were sent to Lü-shun 旅順 on the southern tip of the Liaotung peninsula in September, and they were augmented in the ensuing months by 2,000 men from the Nanking fleet and 2,000 in 82 vessels from the Wu-sung 吳淞 fleet. These vessels were flat-bottomed ships (sh... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chen-lin | CH'EN Lin | 陳璘 | [
"korean-campaign",
"japanese"
] | 167-172 | 194-199 | 6 | 4 | [171]
CH'EN Lin
for his loyalty and commended him as the finest naval officer in Korea.
The Chinese offensive, scheduled for June, had to be postponed because of a revolt in Liaotung which not only drew off a portion of the Ming forces but also gave the Japanese more time to strengthen their line of forts along the ... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chen-lin | CH'EN Lin | 陳璘 | [
"korean-campaign",
"japanese"
] | 167-172 | 194-199 | 6 | 5 | CH'EN Lin
[172]
emissaries to parley with Ch'en in order to gain time for the Japanese fleet at Pusan to arrive and cover his withdrawal.
On December 4 the allied fleet under Ch'en, totaling 15,000 men in about 500 ships (according to Yi Hyõn-sōk), congregated at the south end of the Noryang Straits, a narrow passag... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 0 | [355]
CHU Ti
from his fellow Ming imperial clansman, Tao-chi (q.v.), to paint the latter's newly built country place called Ta-ti ts'ao-t'ang. Tao-chi, who had just returned from a stay in Peking, obviously had money received from Manchu noblemen and highly placed patrons, and apparently shared some of it with his mo... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 1 | CHU Ti
[356]
though he claimed to be the fourth of five sons born to the Empress Ma (q.v.), the founder's principal consort, modern scholars have in general agreed in a suspicion recorded at least as early as the late Ming that he was born to one of the lesser consorts, variously alleged to be a Mongol or a Korean. T... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 2 | [357]
CHU TI
in 1387, he was able to participate more actively in the campaign against Nayaču (q.v.). He seems genuinely to have won his spurs in 1390, when, serving again with Fu, he was given his own command. He led his men, during a time of heavy snow, through the pass at Ku-pei-k'ou 古北口 to engage Nair-buqa at I-t... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 3 | CHU Ti
[358]
eral plan to abolish all the powers of all the princes. Returning the young princes to their father at Peiping has been judged by later historians one of Chu Yün-wen's serious errors.
Open hostilities did not break out until the summer of 1399. At that time, a military official loyal to the emperor seiz... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 4 | [359]
CHU TI
Ti then returned to the attack, advancing on Te-chou (June 1) and next on Tsinan (June 5), which he besieged throughout the summer. This was not a secure position for him, however, for during August both Sheng Yung (q.v.) and P'ing An stole out from the city to attack his rear, even recapturing Te-chou o... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 5 | CHU Ti
[360]
this usurpation. These defiant loyalists were made the objects of intimidating slaughter of all their relations to the ninth or the tenth degree, including neighbors, teachers, students, servants, and even friends. This act equaled in ferocity any of the bloody purges of Chu Yüanchang. So, by force and w... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 6 | [361]
CHU Ti
power. In so doing he was also countering the moves of the Yi dynasty of Korea which was trying almost simultaneously (from 1393 on) to make subjects of the same tribespeople. His father had initiated this policy, but it was left to the son to carry it through to completion. Henry Serruys, who has made t... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 7 | CHU Ti
[362]
Hsien), to Herat and Samarkand (see Ch'en Ch'eng), and other places—generally, but not always, with eunuchs in charge—in the interest of amicable relations and of personal aggrandizement, and to bring intelligence reports to the throne. Missions from all these states and kingdoms came in return, bearing ... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 8 | [363]
CHU Ti
phers of the Sung dynasty. Whereas the first emperor had come to power as a near illiterate, and discovered the heinous doctrines about the rights of the people in the Mencius only after being on the throne for a number of years (see Liu San-wu), his son had had a good education, and apparently realized ... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
chu-ti-yongle | CHU Ti | 朱棣 | [
"core",
"central-asia"
] | 355-364 | 388-397 | 10 | 9 | CHU Ti
[364]
as envoys, as officers on military expeditions, and as spies on the bureaucrats and the common people, in 1420 establishing the tung-ch'ang 東廠 (Eastern depot) as a secret service. But those scholar officials who had not officiated in the Chien-wen reign, such men as Yao Kuang-hsiao, Hsieh Chin, Hu Kuang ... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
hsu-ta | HSÜ Ta | 徐達 | [
"core"
] | 602-607 | 637-642 | 6 | 0 | HSÜ Ta
[602]
at Ch'i-shui, put Hsü Shou-hui to flight, and captured more than four hundred of his officials. The obduracy of the Yüan officials in the face of the rebellion made it impossible for T'ien-wan to meet its need for local governments merely by compelling the officials to change sides. Most of them are alle... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
hsu-ta | HSÜ Ta | 徐達 | [
"core"
] | 602-607 | 637-642 | 6 | 1 | [603]
HSÜ Ta
ers in the founding of the dynasty, was awarded the dukedom of Wei 魏國公, and is often referred to by his posthumous title as the prince of Chung-shan 中山王. He was only twenty-one years of age when he joined Chu Yüan-chang in 1353, as sub-commander under Kuo Tzu-hsing (q.v.). Hsü solidified his relationship... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
hsu-ta | HSÜ Ta | 徐達 | [
"core"
] | 602-607 | 637-642 | 6 | 2 | HSÜ Ta
[604]
on January 20, 1368, Chu took the throne as the first emperor of the new Ming dynasty. Hsü was named right chief councillor and junior tutor to the heir apparent. In the meantime the army pushed north to Tsinan in Shantung and, when resistance was encountered there, turned west and pushed across the plai... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] | |
hsu-ta | HSÜ Ta | 徐達 | [
"core"
] | 602-607 | 637-642 | 6 | 3 | [605]
HSÜ Ta
of a temple of meritorious ministers (see Teng Yü). The first position was accorded Hsü, the second Ch'ang Yü-ch'un, and the third Li Wen-chung (q.v.). In October the emperor ordered Hsü Ta to return to Nanking. Three months later (January, 1370), Hsü received as reward for the conquest of the north five... | [{"model_id": "ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2", "model_name": "OvisOCR2", "column_name": "markdown", "timestamp": "2026-08-14T07:46:11.800852", "temperature": 0.0, "max_tokens": 16384, "min_pixels": 200704, "max_pixels": 8294400, "keep_image_tags": false}] |
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Document OCR using OvisOCR2
This dataset contains OCR results from images in bokane/dmb-bakeoff-pages using OvisOCR2, a compact 0.9B document parsing model (96.58 on OmniDocBench v1.6).
Processing Details
- Source Dataset: bokane/dmb-bakeoff-pages
- Model: ATH-MaaS/OvisOCR2
- Number of Samples: 76
- Processing Time: 7.8 min
- Processing Date: 2026-08-14 07:46 UTC
Configuration
- Image Column:
image - Dataset Split:
train - Batch Size: 4
- Max Model Length: 32,768 tokens
- Max Output Tokens: 16,384
- Temperature: 0.0 (greedy, per model card)
- GPU Memory Utilization: 80.0%
- Visual-region image tags: filtered (default)
Model Information
OvisOCR2 is a compact, high-performance document parsing model:
- 0.9B parameters (post-trained from Qwen3.5-0.8B with SFT + RL + OPD)
- 96.58 on OmniDocBench v1.6 (first end-to-end model to top the leaderboard)
- Markdown output in natural reading order
- LaTeX formula recognition, HTML table extraction
- Apache-2.0 licensed
Dataset Structure
The dataset contains all original columns plus:
markdown: The extracted text in markdown formatinference_info: JSON list tracking all OCR models applied to this dataset
Reproduction
Produced on Hugging Face Jobs (gpu) with the ovis-ocr2.py recipe from uv-scripts. Run it yourself:
hf jobs uv run https://huggingface.co/datasets/uv-scripts/ocr/raw/main/ovis-ocr2.py \
bokane/dmb-bakeoff-pages \
<output-dataset> \
--image-column image \
--batch-size 4
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